FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Butler, JT Sasao, T AF Butler, J. T. Sasao, T. GP IEEE TI Hardware Index to Permutation Converter SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing CY MAY 21-25, 2012 CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ DE reconfigurable computer; index to permutation generator; random permutation generator; combinatorial objects; factorial number system; Knuth shuffle ID LOSSLESS COMPRESSION AB We demonstrate a circuit that generates a permutation in response to an index. Since there are n! n-element permutations, the index ranges from 0 to n! - 1. Such a circuit is needed in the hardware implementation of unique-permutation hash functions to specify how parallel machines interact through a shared memory. Such a circuit is also needed in cryptographic applications. The circuit is based on the factorial number system. Here, each non-negative integer is uniquely represented as s(n-1)(n-1)! + s(n-2)(n-2)!+ ... + s(1)1!, where 1 <= s(i) <= i. That is, the permutation is produced by generating the digits s(i) in the factorial number system representation of the index. The circuit is combinational and is easily pipelined to produce one permutation per clock period. We give experimental results that show the efficiency of our designs. For example. we show that the rate of production of permutations on the SRC-6 reconfigurable computer is 1,820 times faster than a program on a conventional microprocessor in the case of 10-element permutations. We also show an efficient reconfigurable computer implementation that produces random permutations using the Knuth shuffle algorithm. This is useful in Monte Carlo simulations. For both circuits, the complexity is O(n(2)), and the delay is O(n). C1 [Butler, J. T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sasao, T.] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan. RP Butler, JT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU Knowledge Cluster Initiative (the second stage) of MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) FX This research is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and a Knowledge Cluster Initiative (the second stage) of MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology). We appreciate the comments of four referees NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-0-7695-4676-6 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2012 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.55 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA26 UT WOS:000309409400052 ER PT J AU Raj, RG AF Raj, Raghu G. GP IEEE TI An Asymptotically Convex Approach to Discriminative Coding SO 2012 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP) CY AUG 05-08, 2012 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP IEEE DE mutual exclusivity; discrimination; asymptotically-convex; signal classification; sparsity; ATR ID SIGNATURES AB We introduce a novel methodology for calculating discriminative codes for different classes of vectors with respect to the same dictionary. This is accomplished by introducing and quantifying the concept of 'mutual exclusivity' between two classes of vectors (endowed possibly with different probabilistic structures) in a manner amenable to convex programming. We study theoretical properties of our mutual exclusivity operator and experimentally demonstrate its capability in generating effective discriminative codes that successfully incorporate both intra-class and inter-class characteristics. We conclude with a brief discussion of a generalization our mutual exclusivity operator to handle arbitrary number of classes, together with future directions emanating from this work. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raj, RG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0183-1 PY 2012 BP 744 EP 747 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCE18 UT WOS:000309943200187 ER PT J AU Jiang, CM Shi, Y Hou, YT Lou, WJ Kompella, S Midkiff, SF AF Jiang, Canming Shi, Yi Hou, Y. Thomas Lou, Wenjing Kompella, Sastry Midkiff, Scott F. GP IEEE TI Squeezing the Most Out of Interference: An Optimization Framework for Joint Interference Exploitation and Avoidance SO 2012 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference CY MAR 25-30, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID CANCELLATION; NETWORKS; CDMA; SYSTEMS AB There is a growing interest in exploiting interference (rather than avoiding it) to increase network throughput. In particular, the so-called successive interference cancellation (SIC) scheme appears very promising, due to its ability to enable concurrent receptions from multiple transmitters as well as interference rejection. Although SIC has been extensively studied as a physical layer technology, its research and advances in the context of multi-hop wireless network remain limited. In this paper, we try to answer the following fundamental questions. What are the limitations of SIC? How to overcome such limitations? How to optimize the interaction between SIC and interference avoidance? How to incorporate multiple layers (physical, link, and network) in an optimization framework? We find that SIC alone is not adequate to handle interference in a multi-hop wireless network, and advocate the use of joint SIC and interference avoidance. To optimize a joint scheme, we propose a cross-layer optimization framework that incorporates variables at physical, link, and network layers. This is the first work that combines successive interference cancellation and interference avoidance in multi-hop wireless network. We use numerical results to affirm the validity of our optimization framework and give insights on how SIC and interference avoidance can complement each other in an optimal manner. C1 [Jiang, Canming; Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas; Lou, Wenjing; Midkiff, Scott F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jiang, CM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. OI Midkiff, Scott/0000-0003-4933-7360 FU NSF [CNS-1064953, CNS-1156318]; ONR FX This research was supported in part by NSF Grants CNS-1064953 (Y.T. Hou and S.F. Midkiff) and CNS-1156318 (W. Lou). The work of S. Kompella was supported in part by the ONR. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0775-8 PY 2012 BP 424 EP 432 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BBZ88 UT WOS:000309279500048 ER PT J AU Jiang, CM Shi, Y Hou, YT Lou, WJ Kompella, S Midkiff, SF AF Jiang, Canming Shi, Yi Hou, Y. Thomas Lou, Wenjing Kompella, Sastry Midkiff, Scott F. GP IEEE TI Toward Simple Criteria to Establish Capacity Scaling Laws for Wireless Networks SO 2012 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference CY MAR 25-30, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID MULTIPACKET RECEPTION AB Capacity scaling laws offer fundamental understanding on the trend of user throughput behavior when the network size increases. Since the seminal work of Gupta and Kumar, there have been active research efforts in developing capacity scaling laws for ad hoc networks under various advanced physical layer technologies. These efforts led to many custom-designed solutions, most of which were intellectually challenging and lacked universal properties that can be extended to address scaling laws of ad hoc networks with other physical layer technologies. In this paper, we present a set of simple yet powerful tool that can be applied to quickly determine the capacity scaling laws for various physical layer technologies under the protocol model. We prove the correctness of our proposed criteria and demonstrate their usage through a number of case studies, such as ad hoc networks with directional antenna, MIMO, multi-channel multi-radio, cognitive radio, and multiple packet reception. These simple criteria will serve as powerful tools to networking researchers to obtain throughput scaling laws of ad hoc networks under different physical layer technologies, particularly those to be developed in the future. C1 [Jiang, Canming; Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas; Lou, Wenjing; Midkiff, Scott F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Jiang, CM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. OI Midkiff, Scott/0000-0003-4933-7360 FU NSF [ECCS-1102013, CNS-1156311]; U. S. Naval Research Lab (NRL) [NOO I73-1OI-G-007]; ONR FX This research was supported in part by NSF Grants ECCS-1102013 (Y.T. Hou and S.P. Midkift), CNS-1156311 (w. Lou), and U. S. Naval Research Lab (NRL) under Grant NOO I73-1OI-G-007 (Y.T. Hou, C. Jiang, Y. Shi). The work of S. Kompella was supported in part by the ONR. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0775-8 PY 2012 BP 774 EP 782 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BBZ88 UT WOS:000309279500087 ER PT J AU Kompella, S Nguyen, GD Wieselthier, JE Ephremides, A AF Kompella, Sastry Nguyen, Gam D. Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Ephremides, Anthony GP IEEE TI Impact of Channel State Information on the Stability of Cognitive Shared Channels SO 2012 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference CY MAR 25-30, 2012 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID MULTIPACKET RECEPTION; SLOTTED ALOHA AB In this paper, we consider the problem of calculating the stability region of a two-user cognitive shared channel where the secondary (lower priority) user, whose channel is modeled as a two-state Gilbert-Elliott channel, utilizes the channel state information to adapt its transmission probabilities accordingly. The analysis also takes into account the compound effects of multipacket reception at the receiver as well as the cooperative relaying capability of the secondary node, on the stability region of the cognitive network. Results clearly illustrate that the knowledge of the secondary channel state benefits not only the secondary user, but also the primary user as well. C1 [Kompella, Sastry; Nguyen, Gam D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kompella, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work has been supported in part by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0775-8 PY 2012 BP 3021 EP 3025 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BBZ88 UT WOS:000309279503019 ER PT J AU Carr, LE Borges, CF Giraldo, FX AF Carr, L. E., III Borges, C. F. Giraldo, F. X. TI AN ELEMENT-BASED SPECTRALLY OPTIMIZED APPROXIMATE INVERSE PRECONDITIONER FOR THE EULER EQUATIONS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE preconditioning; sparse approximate inverse; element-based; spectral elements; Galerkin methods; Euler equations; nonhydrostatic atmospheric model ID NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS AB We introduce a method for constructing an element-by-element sparse approximate inverse (SAI) preconditioner designed to be effective in a massively parallel spectral element modeling environment involving nonsymmetric systems. This new preconditioning approach is based on a spectral optimization of a low-resolution preconditioned system matrix. We show that the local preconditioning matrices obtained via this element-based spectrum-optimized (EBSO) approach may be applied to arbitrarily high-resolution versions of the same system matrix without appreciable loss of preconditioner performance. We demonstrate the performance of the EBSO preconditioning approach using two-dimensional spectral element method formulations for a simple linear conservation law and for the fully compressible two-dimensional Euler equations with various boundary conditions. For the latter model running at sufficiently large Courant number, the EBSO preconditioner significantly reduces both iteration count and wall-clock time regardless of whether a generalized minimum residual (GMRES) or a stabilized biconjugate gradient (BICGSTAB) iterative scheme is employed. To assess the value added by this new preconditioning approach, we compare its performance against two other equally parallel SAI preconditioning methods: low-order Chebyshev generalized least-squares polynomials and an element-based variant of the well-known Frobenius norm optimization preconditioner which we also develop here. The EBSO preconditioner significantly outperforms both the Chebyshev polynomials and the element-based Frobenius-norm-optimized preconditioner regardless of whether the GMRES or the BICGSTAB iterative scheme is employed. Moreover, when the EBSO preconditioner is combined with the Chebyshev polynomial method dramatic reductions in iterations per time-step can be achieved while still achieving a significant reduction in wall-clock time. C1 [Carr, L. E., III; Borges, C. F.; Giraldo, F. X.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Carr, LE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM lecarr@nps.edu; borges@nps.edu; fxgirald@nps.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Office of Naval Research [PE-0602435N] FX This work was supported by the computational mathematics program of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.; The third author's work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through program element PE-0602435N. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2012 VL 34 IS 4 BP B392 EP B420 DI 10.1137/11083229X PG 29 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 029DT UT WOS:000310475700025 ER PT S AU Lindley, B Mier-y-Teran-Romero, L Schwartz, IB AF Lindley, Brandon Mier-y-Teran-Romero, Luis Schwartz, Ira B. GP IEEE TI Randomly Distributed Delayed Communication and Coherent Swarm Patterns SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 14-18, 2012 CL St Paul, MN SP IEEE ID MOBILE SENSOR NETWORKS; TRACKING; ALGORITHM; MODEL AB Previously we showed how delay communication between globally coupled self-propelled agents causes new spatio-temporal patterns to arise when the delay coupling is fixed among all agents [1]. In this paper, we show how discrete, randomly distributed delays affect the dynamical patterns. In particular, we investigate how the standard deviation of the time delay distribution affects the stability of the different patterns as well as the switching probability between coherent states. C1 [Lindley, Brandon; Mier-y-Teran-Romero, Luis; Schwartz, Ira B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lindley, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brandon.lindley.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; luis.miery@nrl.navy.mil; Ira.schwartz@nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4673-1405-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2012 BP 4260 EP 4265 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BCA25 UT WOS:000309406704043 ER PT S AU Bishop, BE AF Bishop, Bradley E. GP IEEE TI Formation Control of Underactuated Autonomous Surface Vessels Using Redundant Manipulator Analogs SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 14-18, 2012 CL St Paul, MN SP IEEE ID ROBOTIC SWARMS; VEHICLES; PLATOONS AB In this paper, we present a method utilizing redundant manipulator analogs for formation control of underactuated autonomous surface vessels (ASVs) with realistic turning constraints and dynamics. The method used relies on casting the swarm as a single entity and utilizing redundant manipulator techniques to guarantee task-level formation control as well as obstacle avoidance and secondary tasks such as mean position control. The method presented differs from other approaches in that the units herein represent a larger class of ASVs with realistic limitations on vessel motions and that the exact position of each of the units on the formation profile is not specified. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bishop, BE (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bishop@usna.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4673-1405-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2012 BP 4892 EP 4897 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BCA25 UT WOS:000309406704139 ER PT S AU Bordonaro, SV Willett, P Bar-Shalom, Y AF Bordonaro, Steven V. Willett, Peter Bar-Shalom, Yaakov GP IEEE TI Unbiased Tracking with Converted Measurements SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB In many target tracking problems it is advantageous to perform tracking in a different coordinate system than the measurements. In these cases, the measurements require some form of conversion prior to use in tracking. There are two potential issues that arise when performing converted measurement tracking. The first occurs when the measurement conversion results in a biased (converted) measurement. The second is estimation bias that occurs when the estimate of the converted measurement error covariance is correlated with the measurement noise. First, previously proposed unbiased conversions are examined. Following this, the "decorrelated unbiased converted measurement" approach is examined and shown to overcome the issues of conversion bias and estimation bias. Finally this approach is evaluated in a Converted Measurement Kalman Filter (CMKF). C1 [Bordonaro, Steven V.] US Naval Acad, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02871 USA. [Willett, Peter; Bar-Shalom, Yaakov] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engr, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Bordonaro, SV (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02871 USA. EM steven.bordonaro@navy.mil; willett@engr.uconn.edu; ybs@engr.uconn.edu FU [ARO-W911NF-10-1-0369]; [ONR-N00014-10-1-0029]; [ONR-N00014-10-1-0412] FX Supported in part by Grants ARO-W911NF-10-1-0369, ONR-N00014-10-1-0029 and ONR-N00014-10-1-0412. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600136 ER PT S AU Crouse, DF AF Crouse, David Frederic GP IEEE TI A Time-Shift Model for OFDM Radar SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect ID CHIRP Z-TRANSFORM; SIGNAL AB Active and passive detection using CP-OFDM modulated signals traditionally assume that targets do not move significantly during the entire observation period. In this paper, a "time-shift" model that compensates for the motion of targets between pulses during the observation period is introduced. Matched filtering based upon this model can be efficiently performed using a combination of the chirp-z transform and the fast Fourier transform algorithms. The resulting delay-Doppler plots are less "smeary" in the range axis than plots generated when using the traditional techniques over extended observation intervals, allowing better resolution of closely spaced targets. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Crouse, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.crouse@nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600154 ER PT S AU Farshchian, M Abdi, A Posner, F AF Farshchian, Masoud Abdi, Ali Posner, Fred GP IEEE TI Application of the Level Crossing Rate Function to Sea Clutter SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect ID RADAR; DURATION AB The contribution of this paper is to propose, and compute the level crossing rate (LCR), average calm duration (ACD) and average surge duration (ASD) in the context of radar clutter and false alarm analysis. The derived formulas for the LCR, ACD and ASD are then compared to their measured values calculated from experimental radar sea clutter and are shown to be in good agreement. These quantities are useful for false alarm analysis and synthetic clutter validation. In the clutter region, they provide an estimate of the expected number of spikes per second, the mean spike duration and the mean interval between spikes. C1 [Farshchian, Masoud; Posner, Fred] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdi, Ali] NJIT, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Newark, NJ USA. RP Farshchian, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600071 ER PT S AU Foreman, TL AF Foreman, Terry L. GP IEEE TI Characterization of Saturation Effects on Digital Beam Forming Radars SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB This paper studies the effect of saturation on Analog-to-Digital Converters (A/Ds) in Digital Beam Forming (DBF) radars. It proposes two models to evaluate saturation effects. The first is a simplified model for quick calculations and the second a more complete model. Results from both models are presented and compared. Conclusions based on these results show that saturation in DBF radars can cause serious degradation in performance. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Radar Dev Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Foreman, TL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Radar Dev Branch, Q42, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600012 ER PT S AU Gulum, TO Erdogan, AY Yildirim, T Pace, PE AF Gulum, T. O. Erdogan, A. Y. Yildirim, T. Pace, P. E. GP IEEE TI A Parameter Extraction Technique for FMCW Radar Signals using Wigner-Hough- Radon Transform SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB An autonomous parameter extraction algorithm for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar signals using Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD)-Hough transform was investigated in [1] and extraction of polyphase radar modulation parameters using a Wigner-Ville distribution-Radon transform was investigated in [2]. The algorithm in [1] produced very dependable results with as low as -6 dB SNR levels, however some degradation has been observed below -6 dB SNR. The proposed approach in this study uses the WVD as a time-frequency (T-F) detection technique and combined Hough-Radon transform (HRT) to identify the parameters of the modulation. We showed that our algorithm can extract FMCW radar modulation parameters at low SNR levels, such as -9 dB, efficiently. C1 [Gulum, T. O.; Erdogan, A. Y.; Yildirim, T.] Yildiz Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [Pace, P. E.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gulum, TO (reprint author), Yildiz Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. EM togulum@gmail.com; ayasinerdogan@gmail.com; tulay@yildiz.edu.tr; pepace@nps.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600155 ER PT S AU Raj, RG Bovik, AC AF Raj, Raghu G. Bovik, Alan C. GP IEEE TI A Nonlinear Compound Representation of Sea Clutter SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB We explore the applicability of our recently developed Nonlinear Compound Gaussian (NCG) [1] distribution to modeling the statistics of sea clutter data. We first, for completeness, give a self-contained description of our NCG distribution; both its theoretical properties and the algorithmic details for parameter estimation. We then demonstrate the performance of NCG in modeling the range statistics of sea-clutter data [12]. The results clearly demonstrate the superiority of NCG in modeling sea-clutter phenomena over the compound Gaussian (CG) distribution. We conclude with a brief discussion of a phenomenological interpretation of these results together with directions for future research. C1 [Raj, Raghu G.] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bovik, Alan C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept ECE, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Raj, RG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NRL Base Program FX upported by NRL Base Program NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600036 ER PT S AU Vouras, P de Graaf, J AF Vouras, Peter de Graaf, Jean GP IEEE TI Measured Transmit Nulling Performance in Wideband Arrays SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB Modern radar systems often incorporate the ability to form nulls in the antenna transmit pattern. Transmit nulls can be used to suppress the returns from point clutter sources greatly and to reduce interference with neighboring emitters. To implement a transmit nulling capability, one practical technique is to provide independent phase control at each element of a phased array antenna. However, for legacy radar systems or for systems with reflector antennas, an alternative hardware approach is necessary. These architectures can be modified to provide a transmit nulling capability by placing an auxiliary antenna with independent phase and amplitude control in the vicinity of the main antenna. The auxiliary antenna forms a null in the far-field radiation pattern of both antennas by creating a signal equal in amplitude but 180 degrees out of phase with the main signal at the null location. The null depths achieved using the auxiliary antenna architecture are sufficient for narrowband applications but degrade when the transmit signal is wideband. This paper describes the measured improvements in wideband nulling performance made possible by an auxiliary antenna that has a tapped delay line (TDL) placed behind the antenna. The TDL affects the frequency response of the signal radiated by the auxiliary antenna and can be used to maintain a deep spatial null at a precise location over a wide signal bandwidth. C1 [Vouras, Peter; de Graaf, Jean] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vouras, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600182 ER PT S AU Webster, T Xu, LW Cheney, M AF Webster, Tegan Xu, Liwei Cheney, Margaret GP IEEE TI Antenna Beam Patterns in MIMO Radar SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect ID TOMOGRAPHY AB This paper deals with the development of an appropriate multistatic or multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar ambiguity function. Earlier work [1] analyzed the case of isotropic antennas; in this work, we show how to include antenna beam patterns into the model. We consider the case of fixed sensors and a general distribution of objects, each undergoing linear motion; thus the theory deals with imaging distributions in phase space. We outline the derivation for a model for the data that is appropriate for narrowband waveforms in the case when the targets are moving slowly relative to the speed of light. From this model, we develop a phase-space imaging formula that can be interpreted in terms of filtered backprojection or matched filtering. For this imaging approach, we derive the corresponding phase-space ambiguity function or point-spread function. We show plots of the phase-space ambiguity function for various geometries. C1 [Webster, Tegan] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Xu, Liwei; Cheney, Margaret] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Webster, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Re- search [FA9550-09- 1-0013] FX We are grateful to the Air Force Office of Scientific Re- search for supporting this work under agreement FA9550-09- 1-0013. We would also like to thank Thomas Higgins of the Radar Division at the Naval Research Laboratory for technical guidance on waveform properties NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600060 ER PT S AU Webster, T Kim, J Bradaric, I Cheney, M AF Webster, Tegan Kim, Jerry Bradaric, Ivan Cheney, Margaret GP IEEE TI Deterministic and Statistical Models for Multistatic Ambiguity Functions SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect AB This paper gives a comparison between two different approaches for developing a multistatic radar ambiguity function. One of these approaches is deterministic, and the other is statistical. The paper briefly summarizes both approaches and includes side-by-side simulation results for several cases. Although the two approaches are different in some fundamental aspects, the simulation results are quite similar. C1 [Webster, Tegan; Kim, Jerry] USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bradaric, Ivan] Capraro Technol Inc, Utica, NY 13501 USA. [Cheney, Margaret] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Webster, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-0658-4 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCA05 UT WOS:000309340600038 ER PT B AU Hudson, HS Acton, LW DeLuca, EE Hannah, IG Reardon, K Van Bibber, K AF Hudson, H. S. Acton, L. W. DeLuca, E. E. Hannah, I. G. Reardon, K. Van Bibber, K. BE Rubio, LRB Reale, F Carlsson, M TI X-Ray Searches for Solar Axions SO 4TH HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: UNSOLVED PROBLEMS AND RECENT INSIGHTS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Hinode Science Meeting on Unsolved Problems and Recent Insights CY OCT 11-15, 2010 CL Mondello, ITALY SP Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Fis, INAF, Osservatorio Astronom Palermo, Assemblea Reg Siciliana, Presidenza Consiglio Provincia Reg Palmero ID QUIET-SUN; SPECTRUM; RHESSI; LIMITS AB Axioms generated thermally in the solar core can convert nearly directly to X-rays as they pass through the solar atmosphere via interaction with the magnetic field. The result of this conversion process would be a diffuse centrally-concentrated source of few-keV X-rays at disk center; it would have a known dimension, of order 10% of the solar diameter, and a spectral distribution resembling the blackbody spectrum of the solar core. Its spatial structure in detail would depend on the distribution of mass and field in the solar atmosphere. The brightness of the source depends upon these factors as well as the unknown coupling constant and the unknown mass of the axion; this particle is hypothetical and no firm evidence for its existence has been found yet. We describe the solar magnetic environment as an axion/photon converter and discuss the upper limits obtained by existing and dedicated observations from three solar X-ray observatories: Yohkoh, RHESSI, and Hinode. C1 [Hudson, H. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Acton, L. W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [DeLuca, E. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hudson, H. S.; Hannah, I. G.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Reardon, K.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Van Bibber, K.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Van Bibber, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hudson, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hhudson@ssl.berkeley.edu; edeluca@cfa.harvard.edu; kreardon@arcetri.astro.it RI Hannah, Iain/F-1972-2011 OI Hannah, Iain/0000-0003-1193-8603 FU NASA [NAS 5-98033] FX This research was supported by NASA under contract NAS 5-98033 for RHESSI. We thank many persons on the Yohkoh, RHESSI, and Hinode teams, and especially the latter two because of the special observations obtained for these searches. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-792-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2012 VL 455 BP 25 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCC73 UT WOS:000309734100003 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MN AF Schmitt, Michael N. BA Schmitt, MN BF Schmitt, MN TI Computer Network Attack and the Use of Force in International Law: Thoughts on a Normative Framework SO ESSAYS ON LAW AND WAR AT THE FAULT LINES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFORMATION WARFARE; DEFENSE; STATES AB This Chapter explores the acceptability under the jus ad bellum, that body of international law governing the resort to force as an instrument of national policy, of computer network attack. Analysis centers on the United Nations Charter's prohibition of the use of force in Article 2(4), its Chapter VII security scheme, and the inherent right to self-defense codified in Article 51. Concluding that traditional applications of the use of force prohibition fail to adequately safeguard shared community values threatened by CNA, the Chapter proposes an alternative normative framework based on scrutiny of the consequences caused by such operations. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Schmitt, MN (reprint author), USN, War Coll, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM schmitt@aya.yale.edu; schmitt@aya.yale.edu NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU TMC ASSER PRESS PI J N DEN HAAG PA R J SCHIMMELPENNINCKLAAN 20-22, J N DEN HAAG, 2517, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-6704-740-1 PY 2012 BP 3 EP 48 DI 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1_1 D2 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1 PG 46 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BAA89 UT WOS:000303546400001 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MN AF Schmitt, Michael N. BA Schmitt, MN BF Schmitt, MN TI Responding to Transnational Terrorism Under the Jus ad Bellum: A Normative Framework SO ESSAYS ON LAW AND WAR AT THE FAULT LINES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERNATIONAL-LAW AB This chapter explores the jus ad bellum-that aspect of international law governing the resort to force by States-applicable to counterterrorist operations. It begins by considering the possibility of a mandate to conduct such operations under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, concluding that such an authorization from the Security Council would be lawful. The chapter then examines self-defense pursuant to Article 51 of the Charter (and customary international law) as a possible basis for cross-border counterterrorist operations. It argues that despite suggestions to the contrary by the International Court of Justice, self-defense is a legitimate ground for actions against non-State actors such as terrorist groups, even when such groups are located in another State's territory. However, strict conditions apply as to when and how they may be conducted. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Schmitt, MN (reprint author), USN, War Coll, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM schmitt@aya.yale.edu; schmitt@aya.yale.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TMC ASSER PRESS PI J N DEN HAAG PA R J SCHIMMELPENNINCKLAAN 20-22, J N DEN HAAG, 2517, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-6704-740-1 PY 2012 BP 49 EP 86 DI 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1_2 D2 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1 PG 38 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BAA89 UT WOS:000303546400002 ER PT B AU Schmitt, MN AF Schmitt, Michael N. BA Schmitt, MN BF Schmitt, MN TI Military Necessity and Humanity in International Humanitarian Law: Preserving the Delicate Balance SO ESSAYS ON LAW AND WAR AT THE FAULT LINES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WAR AB This chapter examines the international humanitarian law (IHL) principles of military necessity and humanity. It argues that the two principles undergird the entire body of IHL. Therefore, each individual IHL rule represents a delicate balance fashioned by States to accommodate both their legitimate need to be able to fight effectively on the battlefield and their desire to avoid unnecessary harm to combatants and the civilian population. However, the principles do not constitute norms which apply in addition to the existing rules, whether customary or conventional in nature. To interpret them in this manner would skew the balance upon which States have agreed. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Schmitt, MN (reprint author), USN, War Coll, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM schmitt@aya.yale.edu; schmitt@aya.yale.edu NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TMC ASSER PRESS PI J N DEN HAAG PA R J SCHIMMELPENNINCKLAAN 20-22, J N DEN HAAG, 2517, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-6704-740-1 PY 2012 BP 89 EP 129 DI 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1_3 D2 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1 PG 41 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BAA89 UT WOS:000303546400003 ER PT B AU Schmitt, MN AF Schmitt, Michael N. BA Schmitt, MN BF Schmitt, MN TI The Principle of Discrimination in Twenty First Century Warfare SO ESSAYS ON LAW AND WAR AT THE FAULT LINES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT; UNITED-STATES; PROTOCOL-I; GULF-WAR; LAW; PROPORTIONALITY; FORCE AB This chapter examines the international humanitarian law principle of discrimination in the context of likely twenty first century warfare. The principle requires that those engaged in hostilities distinguish between civilians (and their property) and military objectives. The continued viability of the norm in light of future methods and means of warfare, which arguably constitute a "revolution in military affairs", is an open question. In some cases, future warfare will encumber compliance. In others, new methods and means of warfare will make greater discrimination possible. The chapter concludes with tentative suggestions on how to soften the impact of any potentially negative trends. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Schmitt, MN (reprint author), USN, War Coll, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM schmitt@aya.yale.edu; schmitt@aya.yale.edu NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TMC ASSER PRESS PI J N DEN HAAG PA R J SCHIMMELPENNINCKLAAN 20-22, J N DEN HAAG, 2517, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-6704-740-1 PY 2012 BP 131 EP 173 DI 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1_4 D2 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1 PG 43 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BAA89 UT WOS:000303546400004 ER PT B AU Schmitt, MN AF Schmitt, Michael N. BA Schmitt, MN BF Schmitt, MN TI Fault Lines in the Law of Attack SO ESSAYS ON LAW AND WAR AT THE FAULT LINES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter examines the international humanitarian law governing the conduct of "attacks". In particular, it identifies and analyzes topics in the law of attack that are presently unsettled as a matter of law. Issues addressed include the scope of the term "military objectives", the meaning of the term "attack", application of the rule of proportionality, and the precautions in attack requirements. The author offers his own assessment of how best to resolve such matters. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Schmitt, MN (reprint author), USN, War Coll, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM schmitt@aya.yale.edu; schmitt@aya.yale.edu NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TMC ASSER PRESS PI J N DEN HAAG PA R J SCHIMMELPENNINCKLAAN 20-22, J N DEN HAAG, 2517, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-6704-740-1 PY 2012 BP 175 EP 205 DI 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1_5 D2 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1 PG 31 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BAA89 UT WOS:000303546400005 ER PT B AU Schmitt, MN AF Schmitt, Michael N. BA Schmitt, MN BF Schmitt, MN TI Aerial Blockades in Historical, Legal, and Practical Perspective SO ESSAYS ON LAW AND WAR AT THE FAULT LINES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter examines aerial blockades, a relatively untested method of warfare. Since sea blockades have long been an element of naval warfare, historical examples of naval blockades are discussed as a means of placing aerial blockades in context. Drawing on the law of naval warfare relevant to blockades, the chapter suggests legal criteria for, and legal limitations on, the maintenance of aerial blockades. It also delves into the practical aspects of mounting such operations. The chapter concludes that aerial blockades are a useful, lawful and practical method of warfare. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Schmitt, MN (reprint author), USN, War Coll, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM schmitt@aya.yale.edu; schmitt@aya.yale.edu NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TMC ASSER PRESS PI J N DEN HAAG PA R J SCHIMMELPENNINCKLAAN 20-22, J N DEN HAAG, 2517, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-6704-740-1 PY 2012 BP 209 EP 282 DI 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1_6 D2 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1 PG 74 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BAA89 UT WOS:000303546400006 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MN AF Schmitt, Michael N. BA Schmitt, MN BF Schmitt, MN TI State-Sponsored Assassination in International and Domestic Law SO ESSAYS ON LAW AND WAR AT THE FAULT LINES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ORDER; WAR AB This chapter examines the international and US domestic law governing assassinations conducted or sponsored by States. The issue first came to widespread contemporary attention during the first Gulf War of 1990-1991 when US forces allegedly targeted Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. Since then allegations of "decapitation" strikes against regime leadership have surfaced in such conflicts as the 1999 campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the 2001 strikes against the Taliban, the 2003 war with Iraq and, most recently, the 2011 UN sanctioned operations in Libya. However, the law of assassination has a long lineage, stretching back to antiquity. The chapter clarifies much of the definitional confusion regarding the term by exploring both its historical basis and the extant prescriptive norms resident in both international and US law. It concludes with a survey of the practical factors likely to affect decisions about such targeting, an evaluation of current bans, and brief recommendations for future prohibitions. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Schmitt, MN (reprint author), USN, War Coll, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM schmitt@aya.yale.edu; schmitt@aya.yale.edu NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TMC ASSER PRESS PI J N DEN HAAG PA R J SCHIMMELPENNINCKLAAN 20-22, J N DEN HAAG, 2517, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-6704-740-1 PY 2012 BP 283 EP 360 DI 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1_7 D2 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1 PG 78 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BAA89 UT WOS:000303546400007 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MN AF Schmitt, Michael N. BA Schmitt, MN BF Schmitt, MN TI Green War: An Assessment of the Environmental Law of International Armed Conflict SO ESSAYS ON LAW AND WAR AT THE FAULT LINES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL-I; GENEVA CONVENTIONS; PROTECTION; RESPONSIBILITY; RATIFICATION; DECISION; PROPOSAL; AGORA AB During the First Gulf War of 1990-1991, Iraqi forces engaged in activities, including dumping oil into the Persian Gulf and igniting Kuwaiti oil wells, which drew global attention to the environmental consequences of warfare. This chapter identifies and assesses the international legal regime governing the environmental impact of armed conflict. It begins with an examination of the historical record of environmental damage during warfare. The prescriptive norms-including peacetime, customary and treaty prescriptions-governing such damage are next catalogued and analyzed. Concluding that the existing law fails to adequately address environmental consequences that result from hostilities, the author suggests how the international community should respond to its shortcomings. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Schmitt, MN (reprint author), USN, War Coll, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM schmitt@aya.yale.edu NR 107 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TMC ASSER PRESS PI J N DEN HAAG PA R J SCHIMMELPENNINCKLAAN 20-22, J N DEN HAAG, 2517, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-6704-740-1 PY 2012 BP 361 EP 481 DI 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1_8 D2 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1 PG 121 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BAA89 UT WOS:000303546400008 ER PT B AU Schmitt, MN AF Schmitt, Michael N. BA Schmitt, MN BF Schmitt, MN TI Wired Warfare: Computer Network Attack and Jus in Bello SO ESSAYS ON LAW AND WAR AT THE FAULT LINES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERNATIONAL-LAW; PROPORTIONALITY; FORCE AB This chapter examines the application of the jus in bello, or international humanitarian law (IHL), to information operations, specifically computer network attacks (CNA). Discussion centres on the use of CNA in the context of an international armed conflict, although the conclusions would apply equally to a non-international armed conflict for those customary rules of IHL which extend into that form of conflict. It begins by addressing the threshold issue of whether IHL applies at all to CNA. Concluding it does, the chapter goes on to explore the key aspects of IHL relevant to CNA operations, especially the rules which prohibit the use of indiscriminate weapons and those governing targeting. Of particular note is the discussion of the notion of "attack" in the CNA context. Ultimately, it is concluded that CNA presents a particular problem for application of the traditional IHL. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Schmitt, MN (reprint author), USN, War Coll, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM schmitt@aya.yale.edu; schmitt@aya.yale.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TMC ASSER PRESS PI J N DEN HAAG PA R J SCHIMMELPENNINCKLAAN 20-22, J N DEN HAAG, 2517, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-6704-740-1 PY 2012 BP 483 EP 510 DI 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1_9 D2 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1 PG 28 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BAA89 UT WOS:000303546400009 ER PT B AU Schmitt, MN AF Schmitt, Michael N. BA Schmitt, MN BF Schmitt, MN TI The Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities: A Critical Analysis SO ESSAYS ON LAW AND WAR AT THE FAULT LINES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WAR; TERRORISM; FORCE; LAWS AB Civilians who directly participate in hostilities lose their protection from attack for such time as they so participate. Additionally, they neither factor into proportionality calculations nor need be considered when taking "precautions in attack". The principle reflects both treaty and customary international law. In 2009, the International Committee of the Red Cross released the interpretive guidance on the notion of direct participation in hostilities. This chapter critically analyzes the guidance, pointing out both its strengths and weaknesses. In doing so, it addresses four key questions: (1) Who qualifies as a civilian? (2) What acts constitute "direct participation"? (3) When does the notion apply? and (4) Do any further restrictions on attack attach to application of the rule? C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Schmitt, MN (reprint author), USN, War Coll, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM schmitt@aya.yale.edu; schmitt@aya.yale.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TMC ASSER PRESS PI J N DEN HAAG PA R J SCHIMMELPENNINCKLAAN 20-22, J N DEN HAAG, 2517, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-6704-740-1 PY 2012 BP 513 EP 546 DI 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1_10 D2 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1 PG 34 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BAA89 UT WOS:000303546400010 ER PT B AU Schmitt, MN AF Schmitt, Michael N. BA Schmitt, MN BF Schmitt, MN TI Human Shields in International Humanitarian Law SO ESSAYS ON LAW AND WAR AT THE FAULT LINES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter explores the international humanitarian law governing the use of human shields, a tragically prevalent tactic in contemporary warfare. It begins by setting forth the express prohibitions on the use of human shields. Of more concern is the issue of how the use of human shields affects an attacker's obligations. The chapter distinguishes between compelled and voluntary shielding. It argues that those compelled to shield retain all the protections to which they are entitled as civilians during an attack. By contrast, those who voluntarily shield a military objective qualify as "direct participants in hostilities" who lose immunity from attack during the period of participation. Their status as direct participants also influences battlefield application of both the proportionality rule and the legal requirement to take feasible precautions in attack. The chapter concludes by suggesting that in cases of doubt as to whether shielding is voluntary, the shields should be treated as acting involuntarily. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Schmitt, MN (reprint author), USN, War Coll, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM schmitt@aya.yale.edu; schmitt@aya.yale.edu NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TMC ASSER PRESS PI J N DEN HAAG PA R J SCHIMMELPENNINCKLAAN 20-22, J N DEN HAAG, 2517, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-6704-740-1 PY 2012 BP 547 EP 586 DI 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1_11 D2 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1 PG 40 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BAA89 UT WOS:000303546400011 ER PT J AU Schmitt, MN AF Schmitt, Michael N. BA Schmitt, MN BF Schmitt, MN TI Investigating Violations of International Law in Armed Conflict SO ESSAYS ON LAW AND WAR AT THE FAULT LINES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter examines the legal norms governing investigations of possible international law violations during an armed conflict. It begins by setting forth those rules derived from the 1949 Geneva Conventions, 1977 Additional Protocols and customary law. Since human rights norms also apply in armed conflicts, the chapter surveys human rights investigatory standards, and how they interact with corresponding international humanitarian law rules. Since international humanitarian and human rights law on the subject lacks granularity, State practice is surveyed in order to tease out prevailing practices that may either reflect on how treaty law is applied or reveal the broad outlines of customary law. The chapter offers conclusions as to the applicable legal standards for such investigations. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Schmitt, MN (reprint author), USN, War Coll, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM schmitt@aya.yale.edu; schmitt@aya.yale.edu NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TMC ASSER PRESS PI J N DEN HAAG PA R J SCHIMMELPENNINCKLAAN 20-22, J N DEN HAAG, 2517, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-6704-740-1 PY 2012 BP 587 EP 635 DI 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1_12 D2 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1 PG 49 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BAA89 UT WOS:000303546400012 ER PT B AU Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR AF Jones, L. R. Candreva, Philip J. DeVore, Marc R. BA Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR BF Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR TI BUDGETING IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SO FINANCING NATIONAL DEFENSE: POLICY AND PROCESS SE Research in Public Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, L. R.; Candreva, Philip J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [DeVore, Marc R.] Univ St Gallen, CSET, St Gallen, Switzerland. [DeVore, Marc R.] European Univ Inst, Florence, Italy. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-677-3 J9 RES PUBLIC MANAG PY 2012 BP 1 EP + PG 57 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYN48 UT WOS:000299442300001 ER PT B AU Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR AF Jones, L. R. Candreva, Philip J. DeVore, Marc R. BA Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR BF Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR TI HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BUDGETING Executive and Legislative Branch Competition SO FINANCING NATIONAL DEFENSE: POLICY AND PROCESS SE Research in Public Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, L. R.; Candreva, Philip J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [DeVore, Marc R.] Univ St Gallen, CSET, St Gallen, Switzerland. [DeVore, Marc R.] European Univ Inst, Florence, Italy. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-677-3 J9 RES PUBLIC MANAG PY 2012 BP 33 EP 69 PG 37 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYN48 UT WOS:000299442300002 ER PT B AU Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR AF Jones, L. R. Candreva, Philip J. DeVore, Marc R. BA Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR BF Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR TI BUDGETING FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE SO FINANCING NATIONAL DEFENSE: POLICY AND PROCESS SE Research in Public Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, L. R.; Candreva, Philip J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [DeVore, Marc R.] Univ St Gallen, CSET, St Gallen, Switzerland. [DeVore, Marc R.] European Univ Inst, Florence, Italy. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-677-3 J9 RES PUBLIC MANAG PY 2012 BP 71 EP 89 PG 19 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYN48 UT WOS:000299442300003 ER PT B AU Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR AF Jones, L. R. Candreva, Philip J. DeVore, Marc R. BA Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR BF Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR TI THE PLANNING, PROGRAMMING, BUDGETING AND EXECUTION SYSTEM SO FINANCING NATIONAL DEFENSE: POLICY AND PROCESS SE Research in Public Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, L. R.; Candreva, Philip J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [DeVore, Marc R.] Univ St Gallen, CSET, St Gallen, Switzerland. [DeVore, Marc R.] European Univ Inst, Florence, Italy. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-677-3 J9 RES PUBLIC MANAG PY 2012 BP 91 EP 151 PG 61 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYN48 UT WOS:000299442300004 ER PT B AU Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR AF Jones, L. R. Candreva, Philip J. DeVore, Marc R. BA Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR BF Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR TI CONGRESS AND THE DEFENSE BUDGET From the Cold War to the War on Terrorism SO FINANCING NATIONAL DEFENSE: POLICY AND PROCESS SE Research in Public Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, L. R.; Candreva, Philip J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [DeVore, Marc R.] Univ St Gallen, CSET, St Gallen, Switzerland. [DeVore, Marc R.] European Univ Inst, Florence, Italy. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-677-3 J9 RES PUBLIC MANAG PY 2012 BP 153 EP 200 PG 48 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYN48 UT WOS:000299442300005 ER PT B AU Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR AF Jones, L. R. Candreva, Philip J. DeVore, Marc R. BA Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR BF Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR TI SUPPLEMENTAL APPOPRIATIONS FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SO FINANCING NATIONAL DEFENSE: POLICY AND PROCESS SE Research in Public Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, L. R.; Candreva, Philip J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [DeVore, Marc R.] Univ St Gallen, CSET, St Gallen, Switzerland. [DeVore, Marc R.] European Univ Inst, Florence, Italy. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-677-3 J9 RES PUBLIC MANAG PY 2012 BP 201 EP 234 PG 34 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYN48 UT WOS:000299442300006 ER PT B AU Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR AF Jones, L. R. Candreva, Philip J. DeVore, Marc R. BA Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR BF Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR TI BUDGET EXECUTION IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SO FINANCING NATIONAL DEFENSE: POLICY AND PROCESS SE Research in Public Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, L. R.; Candreva, Philip J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [DeVore, Marc R.] Univ St Gallen, CSET, St Gallen, Switzerland. [DeVore, Marc R.] European Univ Inst, Florence, Italy. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-677-3 J9 RES PUBLIC MANAG PY 2012 BP 235 EP 278 PG 44 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYN48 UT WOS:000299442300007 ER PT B AU Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR AF Jones, L. R. Candreva, Philip J. DeVore, Marc R. BA Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR BF Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR TI BUDGET PROCESS PARTICIPANTS IN THE PENTAGON SO FINANCING NATIONAL DEFENSE: POLICY AND PROCESS SE Research in Public Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, L. R.; Candreva, Philip J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [DeVore, Marc R.] Univ St Gallen, CSET, St Gallen, Switzerland. [DeVore, Marc R.] European Univ Inst, Florence, Italy. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-677-3 J9 RES PUBLIC MANAG PY 2012 BP 279 EP 325 PG 47 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYN48 UT WOS:000299442300008 ER PT B AU Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR AF Jones, L. R. Candreva, Philip J. DeVore, Marc R. BA Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR BF Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR TI FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND DEFENSE BUSINESS PROCESS SO FINANCING NATIONAL DEFENSE: POLICY AND PROCESS SE Research in Public Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, L. R.; Candreva, Philip J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [DeVore, Marc R.] Univ St Gallen, CSET, St Gallen, Switzerland. [DeVore, Marc R.] European Univ Inst, Florence, Italy. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-677-3 J9 RES PUBLIC MANAG PY 2012 BP 327 EP 366 PG 40 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYN48 UT WOS:000299442300009 ER PT B AU Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR AF Jones, L. R. Candreva, Philip J. DeVore, Marc R. BA Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR BF Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR TI REFORM OF PPBES Where to Next? SO FINANCING NATIONAL DEFENSE: POLICY AND PROCESS SE Research in Public Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, L. R.; Candreva, Philip J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [DeVore, Marc R.] Univ St Gallen, CSET, St Gallen, Switzerland. [DeVore, Marc R.] European Univ Inst, Florence, Italy. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-677-3 J9 RES PUBLIC MANAG PY 2012 BP 367 EP 372 PG 6 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYN48 UT WOS:000299442300010 ER PT B AU Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR AF Jones, L. R. Candreva, Philip J. DeVore, Marc R. BA Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR BF Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR TI RESTRUCTURING, REDUCING BUDGETS AND DEBT WHILE MANAGING FISCAL STRESS SO FINANCING NATIONAL DEFENSE: POLICY AND PROCESS SE Research in Public Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, L. R.; Candreva, Philip J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [DeVore, Marc R.] Univ St Gallen, CSET, St Gallen, Switzerland. [DeVore, Marc R.] European Univ Inst, Florence, Italy. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-677-3 J9 RES PUBLIC MANAG PY 2012 BP 373 EP 395 PG 23 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYN48 UT WOS:000299442300011 ER PT B AU Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR AF Jones, L. R. Candreva, Philip J. DeVore, Marc R. BA Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR BF Jones, LR Candreva, PJ DeVore, MR TI UNITED STATES DEFENSE AND BUDGETARY POLICY IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT SO FINANCING NATIONAL DEFENSE: POLICY AND PROCESS SE Research in Public Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Jones, L. R.; Candreva, Philip J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [DeVore, Marc R.] Univ St Gallen, CSET, St Gallen, Switzerland. [DeVore, Marc R.] European Univ Inst, Florence, Italy. RP Jones, LR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-61735-677-3 J9 RES PUBLIC MANAG PY 2012 BP 397 EP 454 PG 58 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BYN48 UT WOS:000299442300012 ER PT S AU Hou, WL Goode, W Kanaev, A AF Hou, Weilin Goode, Wesley Kanaev, Andrey GP IEEE TI Underwater image quality degradation by scattering SO OCEANS, 2012 - YEOSU SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS MTS/IEEE Conference CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Yeosu, SOUTH KOREA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Korean Assoc Ocean Sci & Technol Soc (KAOSTS) DE component; image quality; underwater; turbulence; optical scattering AB Image quality assessment is a challenging task. Numerous metrics and algorithms have been developed, with a fair share of these efforts focused on referenced targets. For applications associated with most civilian and military needs in the field of intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance such that automatic target recognition is required, an objective, no reference metric is needed. The task becomes even more challenging when the signals obtained from the imaging sensor are time-varying, including those introduced by the turbulence induced index of refraction fluctuations along the imaging path. This study is aimed to develop an objective metric, tuned to be used for underwater imaging applications where the scattering degradations from particulates, as well as optical turbulence are present. Following recent research outcome, that spatial coherence length is a direct proxy to optical turbulence strength, we developed a metric based on this principle, while including the static scattering contributions with previous developed underwater image quality metric. The results show very good agreement with referenced metric such as the structure similarity image metric, as well as visual, subjective validation, using images obtained from both lab and field experiments. C1 [Hou, Weilin; Goode, Wesley] USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Kanaev, Andrey] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hou, WL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU ONR/NRL Program Element [62782N] FX This project was funded by ONR/NRL Program Element 62782N. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4577-2091-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BCA51 UT WOS:000309461400050 ER PT S AU Kim, H Potty, GR Dossot, G Smith, KB Miller, JH AF Kim, Huikwan Potty, Gopu R. Dossot, Georges Smith, Kevin B. Miller, James H. GP IEEE TI Long range propagation modeling of offshore wind turbine construction noise using Finite Element and Parabolic Equation models SO OCEANS, 2012 - YEOSU SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS MTS/IEEE Conference CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Yeosu, SOUTH KOREA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Korean Assoc Ocean Sci & Technol Soc (KAOSTS) AB Noise generated by marine pile driving during offshore wind turbine construction radiates into and propagates through the air, water, and ocean bottom. Predicting noise levels around wind turbine support structures at sea is required to estimate the effects of the noise on marine life. We use Finite Element (FE) and Parabolic Equation (PE) models to predict long range propagation of noise from the construction of offshore wind turbines. FE analysis produced pressure outputs at short ranges which are used as a starting field for a modified PE propagation model. In FE analysis models, we implement the axisymmetric elements and implicit and steady state dynamic analysis with pressure impact loading on top of the pile to simulate pile driving noise radiation. This paper shows the modified PE long range pressure field outputs from the offshore wind turbine support structure in a shallow water environment around Block Island, Rhode Island. C1 [Kim, Huikwan; Potty, Gopu R.; Dossot, Georges] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Oceans Engn, Narragansett, RI USA. [Smith, Kevin B.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA USA. [Miller, James H.] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Oceans Engn, Narragansett, RI USA. EM hkkim524@my.uri.edu; kbsmith@nps.edu; miller@egr.uri.edu FU Republic of Korea Navy at University of Rhode Island FX I would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Republic of Korea Navy which enabled me to carry out this work at the University of Rhode Island. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4577-2091-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BCA51 UT WOS:000309461400180 ER PT S AU Kim, SY Terrill, EJ Cornuelle, BD Jones, B Washburn, L Moline, MA Paduan, JD Garfield, N Largier, J Crawford, G Kosro, PM AF Kim, Sung Yong Terrill, Eric J. Cornuelle, Bruce D. Jones, Burt Washburn, Libe Moline, Mark A. Paduan, Jeffrey D. Garfield, Newell Largier, John Crawford, Greg Kosro, P. Michael GP IEEE TI Sustained observations of mesoscale and sub-mesoscale surface circulation off the US West Coast SO OCEANS, 2012 - YEOSU SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS MTS/IEEE Conference CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Yeosu, SOUTH KOREA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Korean Assoc Ocean Sci & Technol Soc (KAOSTS) ID HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; HF RADAR; OCEAN; CURRENTS; DYNAMICS; WAVES; VARIABILITY; TURBULENCE; FLOW AB With collaborated research efforts in the regional coastal ocean observing systems (SCCOOS, CeNCOOS, and NANOOS) off the U. S. West Coast (USWC), the nearly completed high-frequency radar (HFR) network provides an unprecedented capability to monitor and understand coastal ocean dynamics and phenomenology through hourly surface current measurements at up to 1 km resolution. The dynamics of the surface currents off the USWC are governed by tides, winds, Coriolis force, low-frequency pressure gradients (less than 0.4 cycles per day (cpd)), and nonlinear interactions of those forces. The HFR surface currents resolve coastal surface ocean variability continuously across scales from sub-mesoscale to mesoscale (O(1) km to O(1000) km). Their spectra decay with k-2 at high wave number (less than 100 km) in agreement with theoretical sub-mesoscale spectra below the observational limits of present-day satellite altimeters. C1 [Kim, Sung Yong; Terrill, Eric J.; Cornuelle, Bruce D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Jones, Burt] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Washburn, Libe] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, ICESS, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Moline, Mark A.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Moline, Mark A.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Ctr Coastal Marine Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Paduan, Jeffrey D.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Garfield, Newell] San Francisco State Univ, Geosci Dept, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Garfield, Newell] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Largier, John] Univ Calif Bodega, Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Crawford, Greg] Vancover Isl Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Nanaimo, BC V9T 5S5, Canada. [Kosro, P. Michael] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kim, SY (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM syongkim@mpl.ucsd.edu FU CNES FX Data from this report originate from the following universities and research organizations on the USWC: Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) at University of California, San Diego, University of Southern California, Marine Science Institute at University of California, Santa Barbara, Califor nia Polytechnic State University, Naval Postgraduate School, Romberg Tiburon Center at San Francisco State University, Humboldt State University, Bodega Marine Laboratory at University of California, Davis, and Oregon State University. The three USWC IOOS regional coastal ocean observing systems SCCOOS, CeNCOOS, and NANOOS are acknowledged for their continued support and advocacy of HFR current measurements for monitoring the oceans. The coastal wind data and insitu ADCPs were provided by National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). The altimeter products were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO with support from CNES. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4577-2091-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BCA51 UT WOS:000309461400021 ER PT S AU Lee, KH AF Lee, Kwang Hwa GP IEEE TI Domain Decomposition Method for Solution of Acoustic-Structure Finite Element Method for Distributed Computation SO OCEANS, 2012 - YEOSU SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS MTS/IEEE Conference CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Yeosu, SOUTH KOREA SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc (IEEE OES), Korean Assoc Ocean Sci & Technol Soc (KAOSTS) DE Acoustic-Structure Finite Element Method; Domain Decomposition Method; Distributed System ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; EQUATIONS AB A new Domain Decomposition Method (DDM) is proposed, which breaks an Acoustic-Structure Finite Element Model (ASFEM) into multiple non-symmetric sections, computes the scattering by each one as an independent system, and combines all the solutions of the individual segments to get the entire scattering solution. In general, the approach to get a finite element solution for acoustic scattering from an underwater target uses the Helmholtz equation as the governing equation and non-reflecting absorbing or radiation boundary conditions to truncate the infinite exterior region. The solution is obtained in the frequency domain and is stationary by nature. Our purpose here is to devise a hybrid, stationary, ASFEM solution using the DDM to enable more efficient use of memory for very complex targets. Taking advantage of the stationary of the solution and using multi-grid meshes with a mapping function to update boundary conditions on the surface of separated sections, the final solution for all the decoupled sections is determined iteratively, taking sufficient steps to reach equilibrium in all sections. The method can make it possible to get a solution for an ASFEM whose geometry is not symmetric in any space direction and requires too many elements to run on a single processor due to the limited memory size. It can also be used to reduce the run time of an ASFEM solution using a distributed computational system. C1 USN, Dept Navy, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL USA. RP Lee, KH (reprint author), USN, Dept Navy, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL USA. EM kwang.lee@navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4577-2091-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BCA51 UT WOS:000309461400152 ER PT S AU Wang, ZH Zhou, SL Catipovic, J Willett, P AF Wang, Zhaohui Zhou, Shengli Catipovic, Josko Willett, Peter GP IEEE TI Asynchronous Multiuser Reception for OFDM in Underwater Acoustic Communications SO OCEANS, 2012 - YEOSU SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS MTS/IEEE Conference CY MAY 21-24, 2012 CL Yeosu, SOUTH KOREA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Korean Assoc Ocean Sci & Technol Soc (KAOSTS) DE Asynchronous multiuser communication; OFDM; underwater acoustic channels; overlapped truncation; interference aggregation ID INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION; CHANNEL ESTIMATION; SYSTEMS AB Recently significant progress has been made on point-to-point underwater acoustic communications, and the interest has grown on the application of those techniques in multiuser communication settings, where the asynchronous nature of multiuser communication poses a grand challenge. This paper develops a time-asynchronous multiuser reception approach for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions in underwater acoustic channels. The received data burst is segmented and apportioned to multiple processing units in an overlapped fashion, where the length of the processing unit depends on the maximum asynchronism among users on the OFDM block level. Interference cancellation is adopted to reduce the interblock interference between overlapped processing units. Within each processing unit, the residual inter-block interference from multiple users is aggregated as one external interference which can be parameterized. Multiuser channel estimation, data detection, and interference mitigation are then carried out in an iterative fashion. With asynchronous multiuser transmissions, simulation and experimental results clearly demonstrate the impact of the maximum relative delay among users on the receiver performance. C1 [Wang, Zhaohui; Zhou, Shengli; Willett, Peter] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Catipovic, Josko] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wang, ZH (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. FU ONR [N00014-09-1-0704]; NSF [ECCS-1128581, CNS-1228936] FX Z.-H. Wang and S. Zhou are supported by the ONR grant N00014-09-1-0704 (PECASE) as well as the NSF grants ECCS-1128581 and CNS-1228936. This work was presented in part at the IEEE/MTS OCEANS Conference, Yeosu, Korea, May 2012 [1] NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4577-2091-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BCA51 UT WOS:000309461400119 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Wang, S den Bakker, HC AF Wang, Zheng Wang, Siyun den Bakker, Henk C. BE Yan, X Juneja, VK Fratamico, PM Smith, JL TI Fungi: Microsporidia SO OMICS, MICROBIAL MODELING AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOODBORNE PATHOGENS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; INTRACELLULAR PARASITES; ANTONOSPORA-LOCUSTAE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENOME SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION; GENES; ELECTROPHORESIS C1 [Wang, Zheng] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wang, Siyun; den Bakker, Henk C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM zwang@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; sw634@cornell.edu; hcd5@cornell.edu NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-047-1 PY 2012 BP 295 EP 315 PG 21 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BCG73 UT WOS:000310166100012 ER PT J AU Lovich, RE AF Lovich, Robert E. BE McDiarmid, RW Foster, MS Guyer, C Gibbons, JW Chernoff, N TI Techniques for Reptiles in Difficult-to-Sample Habitats SO REPTILE BIODIVERSITY: STANDARD METHODS FOR INVENTORY AND MONITORING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Facil Engn Command, San Diego, CA 92132 USA. RP Lovich, RE (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Command, SW 1220 Pacific Highway, San Diego, CA 92132 USA. EM rlovich@gmail.com NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-95207-2 PY 2012 BP 167 EP 196 PG 30 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCG10 UT WOS:000310139400013 ER PT S AU Nagayama, S Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Nagayama, Shinobu Sasao, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. GP IEEE TI Analysis of Multi-State Systems with Multi-State Components Using EVMDDs SO 2012 42ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIPLE-VALUED LOGIC (ISMVL) SE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd IEEE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic (ISMVL) CY MAY 14-16, 2012 CL Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Multiple-Valued Log, Univ Victoria, Off Vice-President Res, Pacific Inst Math Sci, Univ Victoria, Fac Engn DE multi-state systems with multi-state components; fault tolerant systems; structure functions; system analysis based on decision diagrams; EVMDDs ID DECISION DIAGRAMS AB This paper proposes a new analysis method of multi-state systems with multi-state components using multi-valued decision diagrams (MDDs). The multi-state systems with multi-state components can be considered as multi-valued functions, called structure functions. Since the structure functions are usually monotone increasing functions, they can be represented compactly using edge-valued MDDs (EVMDDs). This paper proposes an efficient analysis method using EVMDDs. It shows that by using EVMDDs, the structure functions can be represented more compactly than existing methods using ordinary MDDs, and systems can be analyzed with comparable computation time. C1 [Nagayama, Shinobu] Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Eng, Hiroshima, Japan. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Lizuka, Japan. [Butler, Jon T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Nagayama, S (reprint author), Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Eng, Hiroshima, Japan. FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technol ogy (MEXT); Hiroshima City University [0206]; [22500050] FX This research is partly supported by the Grant in Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), funds from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technol ogy (MEXT) via Knowledge Cluster Project, the MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Re- search (C), (No. 22500050), 2011, and Hiroshima City University Grant for Special Academic Research (General Studies), (No. 0206), 2011. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0195-623X BN 978-0-7695-4673-5 J9 INT SYM MVL PY 2012 BP 122 EP 127 DI 10.1109/ISMVL.2012.28 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Logic SC Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BBZ73 UT WOS:000309229100022 ER PT S AU Byram, S Hackman, C AF Byram, Sharyl Hackman, Christine GP IEEE TI High-precision GNSS Orbit, Clock and EOP Estimation at the United States Naval Observatory SO 2012 IEEE/ION POSITION LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM (PLANS) SE IEEE-ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Myrtle Beach, SC SP IEEE, AESS, ION DE GPS; GNSS; GLONASS; Earth Orientation; Orbit AB The United States Naval Observatory (USNO) produces GPS-based estimates of satellite orbits, satellite-and receiver-clock time corrections, and earth-orientation parameters five times per day: once in a daily "rapid" process, the results of which are available with approximately 16-hour latency, and four times in an every-six-hours "ultra-rapid" process, the results of which are available with 3-hour latency. The rapid products supply 24 hours of post-processed estimates; the ultra-rapid products supply 24 hours of post-processed estimates with 24 hours of predictions. As is, the ultra-rapid products are suited for real-time systems where high-accuracy GPS orbits are required. In addition to providing high precision and low latency, these products are available on an extremely reliable basis. USNO is one of the few DoD providers of these GPS-based estimates and performs duties as an Analysis Center (AC) of the International GNSS Service (IGS). Recently, the USNO has begun testing on incorporating GLONASS observational data into a non-operational "rapids" processing. The resulting solutions from this case study will be compared to a USNO's GPS-based control solution as well as to the combination rapid products produced by the IGS. It is shown that the network stations used in the GLONASS test case have a noticeable improvement in in their position estimate RMS in comparison to the control solution. Performing a 7-parameter Helmert transformation indicates that the Z-direction rotational values appear to have the most improvement from the inclusion of the GLONASS observations. C1 [Byram, Sharyl; Hackman, Christine] USN Observ, GPS Anal Div, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Byram, S (reprint author), USN Observ, GPS Anal Div, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM sharyl.byram@usno.navy.mil NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-358X BN 978-1-4673-0387-3 J9 IEEE POSITION LOCAT PY 2012 BP 659 EP 663 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ87 UT WOS:000309273900084 ER PT S AU Hedlin, MAH Walker, K Drob, DP de Groot-Hedlin, CD AF Hedlin, M. A. H. Walker, K. Drob, D. P. de Groot-Hedlin, C. D. BE Jeanloz, R TI Infrasound: Connecting the Solid Earth, Oceans, and Atmosphere SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES, VOL 40 SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE gravity waves; ducting; wind noise; coupling; attenuation; scattering ID WIND-NOISE; SOUND-PROPAGATION; SPATIAL FILTERS; PRESSURE WAVES; FINITE-DIFFERENCE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MICROSEISMS; ARRAY; SIMULATION; SIGNALS AB The recently reinvigorated field of infrasonics is poised to provide insight into atmospheric structure and the physics of large atmospheric phenomena, just as seismology has shed considerable light on the workings and structure of Earth's solid interior. Although a natural tool to monitor the atmosphere and shallow Earth for nuclear explosions, it is becoming increasingly apparent that infrasound also provides another means to monitor a suite of natural hazards. The frequent observation of geophysical sources-such as the unsteady sea surface, volcanoes, and earthquakes-that radiate energy both up into the atmosphere and down into the liquid or solid Earth and transmission of energy across Earth's boundaries reminds us that Earth is an interconnected system. This review details the rich history of the unheard sound in the atmosphere and the role that infrasonics plays in helping us understand the Earth system. C1 [Hedlin, M. A. H.; Walker, K.; de Groot-Hedlin, C. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Lab Atmospher Acoust, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Drob, D. P.] USN, Upper Atmospher Modeling Sect, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hedlin, MAH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Lab Atmospher Acoust, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM hedlin@ucsd.edu; kwalker@ucsd.edu; douglas.drob@nrl.navy.mil; chedlin@ucsd.edu RI de Groot-Hedlin, Catherine/A-4919-2013; Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI de Groot-Hedlin, Catherine/0000-0002-3063-2805; Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 104 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 23 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0084-6597 BN 978-0-8243-2040-9 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2012 VL 40 BP 327 EP 354 DI 10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105508 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BBR26 UT WOS:000307961500015 ER PT S AU Maslowski, W Kinney, JC Higgins, M Roberts, A AF Maslowski, Wieslaw Kinney, Jaclyn Clement Higgins, Matthew Roberts, Andrew BE Jeanloz, R TI The Future of Arctic Sea Ice SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES, VOL 40 SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE regional Arctic climate model; sea ice thickness and volume; Arctic Ocean; climate change; uncertainty of climate prediction; hierarchical Arctic climate modeling ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; PAST 4 DECADES; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SUMMER MONSOON; COUPLED MODELS; LARGE-SCALE; CIRCULATION; SIMULATIONS AB Arctic sea ice is a key indicator of the state of global climate because of both its sensitivity to warming and its role in amplifying climate change. Accelerated melting of the perennial sea ice cover has occurred since the late 1990s, which is important to the pan-Arctic region, through effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulations, the Greenland ice sheet, snow cover, permafrost, and vegetation. Such changes could have significant ramifications for global sea level, the ocean thermohaline circulation, native coastal communities, and commercial activities, as well as effects on the global surface energy and moisture budgets, atmospheric and oceanic circulations, and geosphere-biosphere feedbacks. However, a system-level understanding of critical Arctic processes and feedbacks is still lacking. To better understand the past and present states and estimate future trajectories of Arctic sea ice and climate, we argue that it is critical to advance hierarchical regional climate modeling and coordinate it with the design of an integrated Arctic observing system to constrain models. C1 [Maslowski, Wieslaw; Kinney, Jaclyn Clement; Roberts, Andrew] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Higgins, Matthew] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Maslowski, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM maslowsk@nps.edu; jlclemen@nps.edu; matthew.higgins@colorado.edu; afrobert@nps.edu NR 155 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 9 U2 109 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0084-6597 BN 978-0-8243-2040-9 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2012 VL 40 BP 625 EP 654 DI 10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105345 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA BBR26 UT WOS:000307961500026 ER PT B AU Barma, NH AF Barma, Naazneen H. BE Shaffer, B Ziyadov, T TI Petroleum, Governance, and Fragility: The Micro-Politics of Petroleum in Postconflict States SO BEYOND THE RESOURCE CURSE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Barma, Naazneen H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Barma, NH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-4400-7 PY 2012 BP 330 EP 351 PG 22 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA BZI50 UT WOS:000301679400014 ER PT S AU Rachford, FJ Carroll, TL AF Rachford, Frederic J. Carroll, Thomas L. BE Ranney, KI Doerry, AW TI A new phase space method for target discrimination SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Chaos; radar; target identification; dimension; phase space ID SYSTEMS; NOISE; RADAR AB We have developed a method for radar/sonar target discrimination employing techniques from non-linear dynamics. We demonstrate our method by simulating radar scattering from four similar targets where the radar wavelength and bandwidth resolution is on the order of the target size. We find that this method results in a high probability of target discrimination even in the presence of large amplitude noise and spurious clutter. We also present experimental data for acoustic wave scattering from two similarly sized targets. This bench top data was taken in the presence of large random noise and clutter. The identification method is shown to work over a wide range of angles. C1 [Rachford, Frederic J.; Carroll, Thomas L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rachford, FJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frederic.rachford@nrl.navy.mil OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9039-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8361 AR 83610U DI 10.1117/12.918258 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBY81 UT WOS:000308908500028 ER PT S AU Healy, LM Henshaw, CG AF Healy, Liam M. Henshaw, C. Glen BE McAdams, JV McKinley, DP Berry, MM Jenkins, KL TI FORMATION MANEUVER PLANNING FOR COLLISION AVOIDANCE AND DIRECTION COVERAGE SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2012 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP AAS, Space Flight Mech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Techn Comm AB In order to assist guidance techniques for a free-flying inspection vehicle, we develop a technique to solve analytically in closed form the three-point periodic boundary value problem for relative motion about a circular primary for solutions that are periodic or non-drifting, i.e., the orbital periods of the two vehicles are equal. We show how to compute impulsive maneuvers in the primary radial and cross-track directions, and discuss how to parametrize these maneuvers and obtain solutions that satisfy constraints, for example collision avoidance or direction of coverage, or optimize quantities, such as time or fuel usage. In order to do these calculations, we use apocentral coordinates and a set of four relative orbital parameters we developed earlier. We separate change in relative velocity (maneuvers) into radial and cross-track components and use a waypoint technique to plan the maneuvers. C1 [Healy, Liam M.; Henshaw, C. Glen] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Healy, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8233, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-581-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2012 VL 143 BP 25 EP 44 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBY53 UT WOS:000308787200003 ER PT S AU Lim, TW Tasker, FA AF Lim, Tae W. Tasker, Frederick A. BE McAdams, JV McKinley, DP Berry, MM Jenkins, KL TI ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF RATE ESTIMATON ALGORITHMS USING COARSE SUN SENSORS AND A THREE AXIS MAGNETOMETER SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2012 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP AAS, Space Flight Mech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Techn Comm AB This paper examines various rate estimation approaches using sun vector and earth magnetic field B-vector measurements, either individually or collaboratively, primarily for safehold design applications. Approaches of estimating body rates using coarse sun sensors (CSS's) and a three axis magnetometer (TAM) are presented in detail including sun vector only (or CSS only) approach, magnetic field vector only (or TAM only) approach, and combined sun vector and magnetic field vector approaches. Using simulations and flight operations experiences the paper discusses their advantages and disadvantages to help design a safehold mode that will meet the design requirements most effectively. C1 [Lim, Tae W.] USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lim, TW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mail Stop 11B,590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-581-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2012 VL 143 BP 301 EP 318 PN 1-3 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBY53 UT WOS:000308787200021 ER PT S AU Healy, LM AF Healy, Liam M. BE McAdams, JV McKinley, DP Berry, MM Jenkins, KL TI LAMBERT TARGETING FOR ON-ORBIT DELIVERY OF DEBRIS REMEDIATION DUST SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2012 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 29-FEB 02, 2012 CL Charleston, SC SP AAS, Space Flight Mech Comm, AIAA, Astrodynam Techn Comm AB Rapid delivery of material on-orbit (without regard to final velocity) is possible by pre-positioning on orbit a vehicle with the intended cargo. If the goal is to reach a specified point in inertial space to precede the return of another vehicle to that point using Lambert targeting, and there is a limit to the amount of delta-v available, then certain orbits are better choices than others. In the context of dispensing a dust to enhance drag for elimination of debris, I examine the combination of vehicles which gives the most coverage to treat the most populous altitude band of satellites. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Healy, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8233, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-581-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2012 VL 143 BP 2191 EP 2208 PN 1-3 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BBY53 UT WOS:000308787201026 ER PT S AU Polivy, AW Marion, SA Firebaugh, SL Duttaroy, A Pais, R AF Polivy, A. W. Marion, S. A. Firebaugh, S. L. Duttaroy, A. Pais, R. GP IEEE TI Design of a Capsule Endoscopy Device Less Susceptible to Tumbling SO 2012 38TH ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE (NEBEC) SE Annual IEEE Northeast Bioengineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC) CY MAR 16-18, 2012 CL Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA SP Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Temple Univ, Coll Engn, Temple Univ, Off Senior Vice Provost Res & Grad Educ, Temple Univ, Dept Bioengn, ACS Synthet Biol, IEEE - EMBS, AIMBE, Spectrum Chem, IEEE HO Temple Univ DE component; capsule; endoscopy; small intestine; small bowel; imaging AB Capsule endoscopy is currently the gold standard method for diagnosing the cause of obscure GI tract bleeding subsequent to endoscopy, and can used for the diagnosis and monitoring of conditions such as Crohn's disease, Celiac Disease, and small bowel cancer. The procedure is also undergoing FDA approval for use in the colon. A drawback to the current system is the amount of time it takes the physician to review the images. This task is complicated by the unpredictable motion of the capsule as it tumbles longitudinally due to the peristaltic flow and complex environment of the intestine [1]. This work proposes a new capsule design that should be less susceptible to tumbling behavior. Initial results are presented demonstrating greater stability for the tethered pill in a system that simulates the fluid environment of the small intestine. C1 [Polivy, A. W.; Marion, S. A.; Firebaugh, S. L.] USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Duttaroy, A.; Pais, R.] SB Microsyst, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Polivy, AW (reprint author), USN Acad, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU Scientific Biomedical Microsystems of Columbia Maryland; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of United States Naval Academy FX This work is supported in part by Scientific Biomedical Microsystems of Columbia Maryland and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the United States Naval Academy. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0277-1063 BN 978-1-4673-1142-7 J9 NORTHEAST BIOENGIN C PY 2012 BP 235 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBY91 UT WOS:000309001200118 ER PT S AU Abramovich, YI San Antonio, G AF Abramovich, Yuri I. San Antonio, Geoffrey GP IEEE TI Network Theory-Based Generic Model for Oversampled Receive Antenna Arrays SO 2012 IEEE 7TH SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SAM) SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 7th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM) CY JUN 17-20, 2012 CL Hoboken, NJ SP IEEE DE Over-the-horizon radar; oversampled array; HF AB In this paper we derive a generic signal processing model for oversampled linear antenna arrays based on network theory and Nyquist sampling theory. The theoretical model is verified with experimental data collected on an HF OTHR receive array. C1 [Abramovich, Yuri I.] WR Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [San Antonio, Geoffrey] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abramovich, YI (reprint author), WR Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM yabramovich@wrsystems.com; geoffrey.sanantonio@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 978-1-4673-1071-0 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2012 BP 93 EP 96 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBZ68 UT WOS:000309222900024 ER PT J AU Coggon, MM Sorooshian, A Wang, Z Metcalf, AR Frossard, AA Lin, JJ Craven, JS Nenes, A Jonsson, HH Russell, LM Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Coggon, M. M. Sorooshian, A. Wang, Z. Metcalf, A. R. Frossard, A. A. Lin, J. J. Craven, J. S. Nenes, A. Jonsson, H. H. Russell, L. M. Flagan, R. C. Seinfeld, J. H. TI Ship impacts on the marine atmosphere: insights into the contribution of shipping emissions to the properties of marine aerosol and clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA COASTAL ZONE; MASS-SPECTROMETER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; NONPRECIPITATING CLOUDS; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; TOF-AMS; CCN AB We report properties of marine aerosol and clouds measured in the shipping lanes between Monterey Bay and San Francisco off the coast of Central California. Using a suite of aerosol instrumentation onboard the CIRPAS Twin Otter aircraft, these measurements represent a unique set of data contrasting the properties of clean and ship-impacted marine air masses in dry aerosol and cloud droplet residuals. Below-cloud aerosol exhibited average mass and number concentrations of 2 mu g m(-3) and 510 cm(-3), respectively, which are consistent with previous studies performed off the coast of California. Enhancements in vanadium and cloud droplet number concentrations are observed concurrently with a decrease in cloud water pH, suggesting that periods of high aerosol loading are primarily linked to increased ship influence. Mass spectra from a compact time-of-flight Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer reveal an enhancement in the fraction of organic at m/z 42 (f(42)) and 99 (f(99)) in ship-impacted clouds. These ions are well correlated to each other (R-2 > 0.64) both in and out of cloud and constitute 14% (f(44)) and 3% (f(99)) of organic mass during periods of enhanced sulfate. High-resolution mass spectral analysis of these masses from ship measurements suggests that the ions responsible for this variation were oxidized, possibly due to cloud processing. We propose that the organic fractions of these ions be used as a metric for determining the extent to which cloud-processed ship emissions impact the marine atmosphere where (f(42) > 0.15; f(99) > 0.04) would imply heavy influence from shipping emissions, (0.05 < f(42) < 0.15; 0.01 < f(99) < 0.04) would imply moderate, but persistent, influences from ships, and (f(42) < 0.05; f(99) < 0.01) would imply clean, non-ship-influenced air. C1 [Coggon, M. M.; Craven, J. S.; Flagan, R. C.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sorooshian, A.; Wang, Z.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Metcalf, A. R.; Flagan, R. C.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Frossard, A. A.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Lin, J. J.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Metcalf, Andrew/C-5666-2012; Coggon, Matthew/I-8604-2016; OI Metcalf, Andrew/0000-0003-0385-1356; Coggon, Matthew/0000-0002-5763-1925; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU ONR [N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, N00014-10-1-0811]; NSF [AGS-1013381, AGS-1008848] FX This work was funded by ONR grants N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, and N00014-10-1-0811, and NSF grants AGS-1013381 and AGS-1008848. We acknowledge Dean Hegg for providing the cloud water collector. NR 62 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 44 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 18 BP 8439 EP 8458 DI 10.5194/acp-12-8439-2012 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 015CZ UT WOS:000309424300009 ER PT J AU Campbell, JR Tackett, JL Reid, JS Zhang, J Curtis, CA Hyer, EJ Sessions, WR Westphal, DL Prospero, JM Welton, EJ Omar, AH Vaughan, MA Winker, DM AF Campbell, J. R. Tackett, J. L. Reid, J. S. Zhang, J. Curtis, C. A. Hyer, E. J. Sessions, W. R. Westphal, D. L. Prospero, J. M. Welton, E. J. Omar, A. H. Vaughan, M. A. Winker, D. M. TI Evaluating nighttime CALIOP 0.532 mu m aerosol optical depth and extinction coefficient retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID DATA-ASSIMILATION; CALIPSO LIDAR; SAHARAN DUST; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODIS; CLOUD; PRODUCTS; MISR; PERFORMANCE AB NASA Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) Version 3.01 5-km nighttime 0.532 mu m aerosol optical depth (AOD) datasets from 2007 are screened, averaged and evaluated at 1 degrees x 1 degrees resolution versus corresponding/co-incident 0.550 mu m AOD derived using the US Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS), featuring two-dimensional variational assimilation of quality-assured NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) AOD. In the absence of sunlight, since passive radiometric AOD retrievals rely overwhelmingly on scattered radiances, the model represents one of the few practical global estimates available from which to attempt such a validation. Daytime comparisons, though, provide useful context. Regional-mean CALIOP vertical profiles of night/day 0.532 mu m extinction coefficient are compared with 0.523/0.532 mu m ground-based lidar measurements to investigate representativeness and diurnal variability. In this analysis, mean nighttime CALIOP AOD are mostly lower than daytime (0.121 vs. 0.126 for all aggregated data points, and 0.099 vs. 0.102 when averaged globally per normalised 1 degrees x 1 degrees bin), though the relationship is reversed over land and coastal regions when the data are averaged per normalised bin (0.134/0.108 vs. 0140/0.112, respectively). Offsets assessed within single bins alone approach +/- 20 %. CALIOP AOD, both day and night, are higher than NAAPS over land (0.137 vs. 0.124) and equal over water (0.082 vs. 0.083) when averaged globally per normalised bin. However, for all data points inclusive, NAAPS exceeds CALIOP over land, coast and ocean, both day and night. Again, differences assessed within single bins approach 50% in extreme cases. Correlation between CALIOP and NAAPS AOD is comparable during both day and night. Higher correlation is found nearest the equator, both as a function of sample size and relative signal magnitudes inherent at these latitudes. Root mean square deviation between CALIOP and NAAPS varies between 0.1 and 0.3 globally during both day/night. Averaging of CALIOP along-track AOD data points within a single NAAPS grid bin improves correlation and RMSD, though day/night and land/ocean biases persist and are believed systematic. Vertical profiles of extinction coefficient derived in the Caribbean compare well with ground-based lidar observations, though potentially anomalous selection of a priori lidar ratios for CALIOP retrievals is likely inducing some discrepancies. Mean effective aerosol layer top heights are stable between day and night, indicating consistent layer-identification diurnally, which is noteworthy considering the potential limiting effects of ambient solar noise during day. C1 [Campbell, J. R.; Reid, J. S.; Curtis, C. A.; Hyer, E. J.; Westphal, D. L.] USN, Aerosol & Radiat Sci Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Tackett, J. L.] NASA, Sci Syst Applicat Inc, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton Rd, VA USA. [Zhang, J.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Folks, ND USA. [Sessions, W. R.] USN, Comp Sci Corp, Aerosol & Radiat Sci Sect, Marine Meteorol Div,Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Prospero, J. M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Welton, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Campbell, JR (reprint author), USN, Aerosol & Radiat Sci Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. EM james.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Omar, Ali/D-7102-2017; OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Omar, Ali/0000-0003-1871-9235; Prospero, Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160 FU Office of Naval Research; NASA Interagency Agreement [NNG11HG12I] FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Code 35. Author JRC acknowledges the support of NASA Interagency Agreement NNG11HG12I, on behalf of the Micropulse Lidar Network. The group acknowledges the NASA AERONET programme, their contributing principal investigators and staff for coordinating the coastal and inland sites and datasets used in this study. NR 66 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 9 BP 2143 EP 2160 DI 10.5194/amt-5-2143-2012 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 015BF UT WOS:000309419200005 ER PT J AU Martin, BD Fontana, J Wang, Z Louis-Jean, J Trammell, SA AF Martin, Brett D. Fontana, Jake Wang, Zheng Louis-Jean, James Trammell, Scott A. TI Generation of fluorescent silver nanoscale particles in reverse micelles using gamma irradiation SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID METAL METHACRYLATE DIBLOCKS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; COLLOIDAL PROPERTIES; NANOCLUSTERS; IONOMERS; MICELLIZATION; WATER; NANOPARTICLES; CLUSTERS AB Reverse micelles (RMs) containing aqueous solutions of Ag+ ions in their core produce fluorescent Ag species, upon exposure to gamma irradiation. A two-phase liquid system is used for RM formation. The RMs can be employed in novel gamma radiation detectors with appearance of fluorescence indicating that radiation was once present. C1 [Martin, Brett D.; Wang, Zheng; Trammell, Scott A.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fontana, Jake] USN, Res Lab, NRC NRL Postdoctoral Resident, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Louis-Jean, James] USN, Res Lab, NRL Summer Intern, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trammell, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scott.trammell@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [10-2650M, 11-2198M, HDTRA121916] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research Award MIPR #10-2650M, 11-2198M and HDTRA121916. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 86 BP 10657 EP 10659 DI 10.1039/c2cc34126c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 014WF UT WOS:000309405700021 PM 23001339 ER PT J AU Boseman, MF Kwon, YW Loup, DC Rasmussen, EA AF Boseman, M. F. Kwon, Y. W. Loup, D. C. Rasmussen, E. A. TI Interface fracture of hybrid joint of glass-/steel-fiber composite SO ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS LA English DT Article DE Composite materials; Joining materials; Joining processes; Steels; Steel fiber; Butt joint; Overlap joint; Virtual crack closure; Hybrid ID CARBON NANOTUBE REINFORCEMENT; CRACK-PROPAGATION; BONDED JOINTS; STRENGTH AB Purpose - In order to connect a fiberglass composite structure to a steel structure, a hybrid composite made of glass and steel fibers has been studied. The hybrid composite has one end section with all glass fibers and the opposite end section with all steel fibers. As a result, it contains a transition section in the middle of the hybrid composite changing from glass fibers to steel fibers. The purpose of this paper is to examine interface strength at the glass to steel fiber transition section, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid composite as a joining technique between a polymer composite structure and a metallic structure. Design/methodology/approach - The present micromechanical study considers two types of glass to steel fiber joints: butt and overlap joints. For the butt joint, the end shape of the steel fiber is also modified to determine its effect on interface strength. The interface strength is predicted numerically based on the virtual crack closure technique to determine which joint is the strongest under various loading conditions such as tension, shear and bending. Numerical models include resin layers discretely. A virtual crack is considered inside the resin, at the resin/glass-layer interface, and at the resin/steel-layer interface. The crack is located at the critical regions of the joints. Findings - Overall, the butt joint is stronger than the overlap joint regardless of loading types and directions. Furthermore, modification of an end shape of the middle fiber layers in the butt joint shifts the critical failure location. Originality/value - The paper describes one of a few studies which investigated the interface strength of the hybrid joint made of fiberglass and steel-fiber composites. This joint is important to connect a polymeric composite structure to a metallic structure without using conventional mechanical joints. C1 [Boseman, M. F.; Kwon, Y. W.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astronaut Engn Dept, Monterey, CA USA. [Loup, D. C.; Rasmussen, E. A.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Struct & Composite Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Boseman, MF (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Mech & Astronaut Engn Dept, Monterey, CA USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-4401 J9 ENG COMPUTATION JI Eng. Comput. PY 2012 VL 29 IS 5-6 BP 504 EP 527 DI 10.1108/02644401211235861 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 013TK UT WOS:000309328600003 ER PT J AU Harvey, BG Meylemans, HA Quintana, RL AF Harvey, Benjamin G. Meylemans, Heather A. Quintana, Roxanne L. TI Synthesis of renewable plasticizer alcohols by formal anti-Markovnikov hydration of terminal branched chain alkenes via a borane-free oxidation/reduction sequence SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICALS; BIOMASS; OLEFINS; DIHYDROXYLATION; HYDROBORATION; CONVERSION; POLYMERS; CATALYST; FUELS AB An efficient method for the formal anti-Markovnikov hydration of 1,1-disubstituted alkenes has been developed. The utility of the process has been demonstrated by conversion of bio-derived butene oligomers into primary alcohols through initial oxidation to vicinal acetoxy-alcohols, diols, or diacetates, followed by selective dehydration/tautomerization of the diols, and hydrogenation of the intermediary aldehydes. This approach allows for the isolation of important industrial plasticizer alcohols from a renewable source. In a broader context, this pathway, which can be conducted with sustainable, conventional reagents under mild conditions, represents a unique alternative to hydroboration for a challenging subset of hindered olefins. C1 [Harvey, Benjamin G.; Meylemans, Heather A.; Quintana, Roxanne L.] USN, Naval Air Syst Command NAVAIR, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div NAWCWD,Res Dept,Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harvey, BG (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Syst Command NAVAIR, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div NAWCWD,Res Dept,Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM benjamin.g.harvey@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research In House Laboratory Independent Research Program FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research In House Laboratory Independent Research Program. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 9 BP 2450 EP 2456 DI 10.1039/c2gc35595g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 992NT UT WOS:000307785100015 ER PT J AU Goodman, RJB AF Goodman, Rae Jean B. BE Hoyt, GM McGoldrick, KM TI Faculty development: mentoring, evaluation, documentation and resources SO INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK ON TEACHING AND LEARNING ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Goodman, Rae Jean B.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Goodman, RJB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84844-968-8 PY 2012 BP 707 EP 720 PG 14 WC Economics; Education & Educational Research SC Business & Economics; Education & Educational Research GA BYY48 UT WOS:000300722500069 ER PT J AU Brabec, C Lane, P Kafafi, ZH AF Brabec, Christoph Lane, Paul Kafafi, Zakya H. TI Guest Editorial: Special Section on Organic Photovoltaics SO JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brabec, Christoph] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Brabec, Christoph] ZAE Bavaria, Div 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Lane, Paul] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kafafi, Zakya H.] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Brabec, C (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Martenstr 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RI Brabec, Christoph/N-1897-2013; OI Brabec, Christoph J./0000-0002-9440-0253 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1947-7988 J9 J PHOTON ENERGY JI J. Photonics Energy PY 2012 VL 2 SI 1 AR 021099 DI 10.1117/1.JPE.2.021099 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 014GD UT WOS:000309362300014 ER PT J AU Martin, MS Chen, D Thompson, PE Wang, XM Chu, WK Cagin, T Shao, L AF Martin, Michael S. Chen, Di Thompson, Phillip E. Wang, Xuemei Chu, Wei-Kan Cagin, Tahir Shao, Lin TI Cluster-ion bombardment studies to reveal the amorphization mode in strained Si0.8Ge0.2 SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE defects in solids; radiation effects; semiconductors; strained SiGe; amorphization; cluster-ion bombardment ID SILICON; SUPERLATTICES; IMPLANTATION; CRYSTALLINE AB Radiation damage caused by cluster ions of different sizes is predicted to be distinctly different if materials follow disparate phenomenological models of amorphization, namely overlap and direct amorphization methods. Determination of an amorphization model for a crystalline solid can be accomplished based on its radiation response to cluster sizes of bombarding ions. In the present study, we use this approach and apply it to study radiation damage in Si0.8Ge0.2 caused by Ag-n clusters with the number of atoms in a cluster, n, taking values from 1 to 4. The displacements measured by using channeling Rutherford backscattering spectrometry show size-enhanced damage accumulation, which is in good agreement with the atomistic detail obtained by molecular dynamics simulations. Our studies suggest that strained SiGe, a material known to have poor radiation tolerance, follows the overlap model rather than the direct amorphization model. C1 [Martin, Michael S.; Chen, Di; Shao, Lin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Thompson, Phillip E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wang, Xuemei; Chu, Wei-Kan] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Wang, Xuemei; Chu, Wei-Kan] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Cagin, Tahir] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM lshao@tamu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0404542]; Welch Foundation [A-1671]; US Office of Naval Research; State of Texas through TCSUH; LLNS-INSER program; Texas A&M Supercomputing Facility FX The project is funded by the National Science Foundation under grant number DMR-0404542 and the Welch Foundation under grant number A-1671. P. Thompson acknowledges the support from US Office of Naval Research. W. K. Chu acknowledges the support from the State of Texas through TCSUH. TC acknowledges partial support from LLNS-INSER program. The authors acknowledge the Texas A&M Supercomputing Facility (http://sc.tamu.edu/) for providing computing resources that were essential in the research reported in this aticle. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PY 2012 VL 92 IS 11 BP 625 EP 632 DI 10.1080/09500839.2012.705034 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 016MB UT WOS:000309521500006 ER PT J AU Rowe, N Garfinkel, S AF Rowe, Neil Garfinkel, Simson BE Filiol, E Erra, R TI Finding Suspicious Activity on Computer Systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th European Conference on Information Warfare and Security (ECIW) CY JUL 05-06, 2012 CL Inst Ecole Superieure Informatique, Elect & Automatique, Laval, FRANCE HO Inst Ecole Superieure Informatique, Elect & Automatique DE digital forensics; law enforcement; drive classification; metadata; suspicion AB When computer systems are found during law enforcement, peacekeeping, counter-insurgency or similar operations, a key problem for forensic investigators is to identify useful subject-specific information in a sea of routine and uninteresting data. For instance, when a computer is obtained during a search of a criminal organization, investigators are not as much interested in the machines used for surfing the Internet as the machines used for accounting of drug deals and emailing to co-conspirators. We are doing research on tools to enable investigators to more quickly find such relevant information. We focus on the directory metadata of a computer drive, the listing of the stored files and directories and their properties, since examining it requires much less time than examining file contents. We discuss first what ways people try to hide things on drives. We then discuss clues that suggest concealment or atypical usage of a drive, including encryption, oddities in file names, clusters of deletions, atypical average values, and atypical clusters of files. We report on experiments we have conducted with a corpus of drives purchased from a range of countries. Processing extracted the directory metadata, classified each file, and calculated suspiciousness metrics on the drives. Experimental results showed we could identify some suspicious drives within our corpus but with a certain number of false alarms. C1 [Rowe, Neil; Garfinkel, Simson] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM ncrowe@nps.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908272-56-0 PY 2012 BP 221 EP 229 PG 9 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BBU47 UT WOS:000308223300027 ER PT J AU Thottempudi, V Forohor, F Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Thottempudi, Venugopal Forohor, Farhad Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Tris(triazolo)benzene and Its Derivatives: High-Density Energetic Materials SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE detonation properties; energetic materials; nitrogen-rich compounds; triazoles ID IONIC LIQUIDS; SALTS; DETONATIONS; CHEMISTRY C1 [Thottempudi, Venugopal; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Forohor, Farhad] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0097, N00014-11-AF-0-0002] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-10-1-0097 to V. T. and J.M.S.; N00014-11-AF-0-0002 to D.A.P.). NR 41 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 57 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 39 BP 9881 EP 9885 DI 10.1002/anie.201205134 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 007KI UT WOS:000308886800033 PM 22945830 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Little, BJ Ray, RI Stropki, JT AF Lee, Jason S. Little, Brenda J. Ray, Richard I. Stropki, John T. TI Fate of Cr+6 from a Coating in an Electrolyte with Microorganisms SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATE CONVERSION COATINGS; SOLUBLE HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; CORROSION PROTECTION; IN-VITRO; REDUCTION; BACTERIA; RESISTANT; IONS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Under the laboratory conditions described, a microbial consortium of the fungus Aspergillus niger and bacteria influenced the corrosion-inhibiting effectiveness of hexavalent Cr (Cr+6) leached from chromate (CrO4-2)-containing coatings into artificial human urine (AHU). In the absence of microorganisms, migration of Cr+6 from coatings to corroding AA2024-T3 was demonstrated using an occluded cell and Raman spectroscopy. In the presence of the microorganisms, Cr+6 was removed from solution and was associated with the cell mass as Cr, but not Cr+6. Pitting in AA2024-T3 was suppressed by Cr+6 in exposures without microorganisms compared to severe pitting measured in the presence of microorganisms with the same initial Cr+6 concentration. Pit depth, polarization resistance, breakdown potential and passive current density were used to compare the consequences of biotic and abiotic AHU exposures with CrO4-2 -containing coatings and AA2024-T3. Results indicated that the presence or activities of A. niger and bacteria could decrease the effective lifetime of a CrO4-2-containing coating by increasing the rate of release and removing Cr+6 from solution. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/ 2.057211jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Jason S.; Little, Brenda J.; Ray, Richard I.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Stropki, John T.] Battelle Columbus, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jason.lee@nrlssc.navy.mil RI 齐, 涛/J-1653-2012 FU Office of Naval Research [061153N] FX The authors thank Micro-Methods Laboratory of Ocean Springs, MS for Cr characterization in the large volume experiments, Michael Blanton of the University of Southern Mississippi for the Raman analysis and the University of Dayton Research Institute for coating application. Office of Naval Research Program element 061153N (6.1 Research Program). NRL publication # NRL/JA/7330/12/1222. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 11 BP C530 EP C538 DI 10.1149/2.057211jes PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 010PS UT WOS:000309107200039 ER PT J AU Hegedus, CR Spadafora, SJ Eng, AT Pulley, DF Hirst, DJ AF Hegedus, Charles R. Spadafora, Stephen J. Eng, Anthony T. Pulley, David F. Hirst, Donald J. BE Koleske, JV TI Aerospace and Aircraft Coatings SO PAINT AND COATING TESTING MANUAL: FIFTEENTH EDITION OF THE GARDNER-SWARD HANDBOOK SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hegedus, Charles R.] Air Prod & Chem Inc, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. [Spadafora, Stephen J.] USN, NAVAIR, Mat Engn Div, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Eng, Anthony T.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Hegedus, CR (reprint author), Air Prod & Chem Inc, 7201 Hamilton Blvd, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-7017-9 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2012 IS MNL17 BP 739 EP 750 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BAL05 UT WOS:000304464700061 ER PT J AU Nguyen, T Gondree, M Khosalim, J Shifflett, D Levin, T Irvine, C AF Thuy Nguyen Gondree, Mark Khosalim, Jean Shifflett, David Levin, Timothy Irvine, Cynthia BE Lysenko, V TI An Approach for Cross-Domain Intrusion Detection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security (ICIW) CY MAR 22-23, 2012 CL Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur, Seattle, WA HO Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur DE cross-domain services; multilevel security; intrusion detection; quality of security service AB Network-based monitoring and intrusion detection has grown into an essential component of enterprise security management. Monitoring potentially malicious activities across a set of networks classified at different security levels, however, presents subtle and complicated challenges. Analysis of intrusion alerts collected on an individual network only reveals malicious attempts to compromise that particular network, not the overall attack patterns across the enterprise. Development of a comprehensive perspective for intrusion analysis of all networks in a multilevel secure (MLS) environment requires care to ensure that the enforcement of information flow control policies is preserved. We describe an approach to cross-domain network-based intrusion detection. Leveraging the Monterey Security Architecture (MYSEA) high-assurance MLS federated computing framework, we developed an MLS policy-constrained network-based CD-IDS prototype using untrusted single-level components and multilevel (trusted) components, supported by open source software (i.e., BASE, snort, PostgreSQL and pgpool-II). Our prototype enables an analyst to view and manipulate network trace data collected from multiple networks, while enforcing mandatory access control policies to constrain the analyst to only those resources her session level dominates. C1 [Thuy Nguyen; Gondree, Mark; Khosalim, Jean; Shifflett, David; Levin, Timothy; Irvine, Cynthia] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM tdnguyen@nps.edu; mgondree@nps.edu; jkhosali@nps.edu; shifflett@nps.edu; levin@nps.edu; irvine@nps.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908272-29-4 PY 2012 BP 203 EP 212 PG 10 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BBS66 UT WOS:000308065100023 ER PT J AU Schramm, H Alderson, D Carlyle, M Dimitrov, N AF Schramm, Harrison Alderson, David Carlyle, Matthew Dimitrov, Nedialko BE Lysenko, V TI A Game Theoretic Model of Strategic Conflict in Cyberspace SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security (ICIW) CY MAR 22-23, 2012 CL Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur, Seattle, WA HO Univ Washington, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur DE cyber conflict; Markov game; deterrence; game theory AB We study cyber conflict as a two-person zero-sum game in discrete time, where each player discovers new exploits according to an independent random process. Upon discovery, the player must decide if and when to exercise a munition based on that exploit. The payoff from using the munition is a function of time that is (generally) increasing. These factors create a basic tension: the longer a player waits to exercise a munition, the greater his payoff because the munition is more mature, but also the greater the chance that the opponent will also discover the exploit and nullify the munition. Assuming perfect knowledge and under mild restrictions on the time-dependent payoff function for a munition, we derive optimal exercise strategies and quantify the value of engaging in cyber conflict. Our analysis also leads to high level insights on cyber conflict strategy. C1 [Schramm, Harrison; Alderson, David; Carlyle, Matthew; Dimitrov, Nedialko] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM hcschram@nps.edu; dlalders@nps.edu; mcarlyle@nps.edu; ndimitro@nps.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-908272-29-4 PY 2012 BP 272 EP 287 PG 16 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BBS66 UT WOS:000308065100031 ER PT S AU North, SH Shriver-Lake, LC Taitt, CR Ligler, FS AF North, Stella H. Shriver-Lake, Lisa C. Taitt, Chris R. Ligler, Frances S. BE Cooks, RG Yeung, ES TI Rapid Analytical Methods for On-Site Triage for Traumatic Brain Injury SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 5 SE Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE TBI; biomarkers; biosensors; pathophysiology; rapid detection ID OF-CARE TESTS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CELL-DEATH; DIAGNOSING INFECTIONS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PROTEIN BIOMARKERS; PLASMA PROTEOME; CNS INJURY AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from an event that causes rapid acceleration and deceleration of the brain or penetration of the skull with an object. Responses to stimuli and questions, loss of consciousness, and altered behavior are symptoms currently used to justify brain imaging for diagnosis and therapeutic guidance. Tests based on such symptoms are susceptible to false-positive and false-negative results due to stress, fatigue, and medications. Biochemical markers of neuronal damage and the physiological response to that damage are being identified. Biosensors capable of rapid measurement of such markers in the circulation offer a solution for on-site triage, as long as three criteria are met: (a) Recognition reagents can be identified that are sufficiently sensitive and specific, (b) the biosensor can provide quantitative assessment of multiple markers rapidly and simultaneously, and (c) both the sensor and reagents are designed for use outside the laboratory. C1 [North, Stella H.; Shriver-Lake, Lisa C.; Taitt, Chris R.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP North, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stella.north@nrl.navy.mil; lisa.shriverlake@nrl.navy.mil; chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil; frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil NR 109 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 33 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1936-1327 BN 978-0-8243-4405-4 J9 ANNU REV ANAL CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 2012 VL 5 BP 35 EP 56 DI 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062011-143105 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BBR12 UT WOS:000307956200004 PM 22462400 ER PT S AU Barlow, DE Wahl, KJ AF Barlow, Daniel E. Wahl, Kathryn J. BE Cooks, RG Yeung, ES TI Optical Spectroscopy of Marine Bioadhesive Interfaces SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 5 SE Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE in situ spectroscopy; infrared; Raman; biofouling; attenuated total reflectance ID BARNACLE BALANUS-AMPHITRITE; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; MUSSEL ADHESIVE PROTEIN; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; AROMATIC-AMINO-ACIDS; IN-SITU; MYTILUS-EDULIS; UNDERWATER ADHESIVE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM AB Marine organisms have evolved extraordinarily effective adhesives that cure underwater and resist degradation. These underwater adhesives differ dramatically in structure and function and are composed of multiple proteins assembled into functional composites. The processes by which these bioadhesives cure-conformational changes, dehydration, polymerization, and cross-linking-are challenging to quantify because they occur not only underwater but also in a buried interface between the substrate and the organism. In this review, we highlight interfacial optical spectroscopy approaches that can reveal the biochemical processes and structure of marine bioadhesives, with particular emphasis on macrofoulers such as barnacles and mussels. C1 [Barlow, Daniel E.; Wahl, Kathryn J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barlow, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Barlow, Daniel/C-9006-2013; OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 109 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 40 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1936-1327 BN 978-0-8243-4405-4 J9 ANNU REV ANAL CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 2012 VL 5 BP 229 EP 251 DI 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061010-113844 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BBR12 UT WOS:000307956200012 PM 22524229 ER PT J AU Aubry, R Dey, S Lohner, R AF Aubry, R. Dey, S. Loehner, R. TI Iterative solution applied to the Helmholtz equation: Complex deflation on unstructured grids SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Iterative solvers; Helmholtz equation; Deflation; Complex GMRES; Pollution effect ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD; CONJUGATE-GRADIENT SOLVERS; BOUNDARY-VALUE-PROBLEMS; HIGH WAVE-NUMBERS; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; LAGRANGE MULTIPLIERS; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; LEAST-SQUARES; FEM AB Extensions of deflation techniques developed for the Poisson and Navier equations (Aubry et al., 2008; Mut et al., 2010; Lohner et al., 2011; Aubry et al., 2011)[1-4] are presented for the Helmholtz equation. Numerous difficulties arise compared to the previous case. After discretization, the matrix is now indefinite without Sommerfeld boundary conditions, or complex with them. It is generally symmetric complex but not Hermitian, discarding optimal short recurrences from an iterative solver viewpoint (Saad, 2003) [5]. Furthermore, the kernel of the operator in an infinite space typically does not belong to the discrete space. The choice of the deflation space is discussed, as well as the relationship between dispersion error and solver convergence. Similarly to the symmetric definite positive (SPD) case, subdomain deflation accelerates convergence if the low frequency eigenmodes are well described. However, the analytic eigenvectors are well represented only if the dispersion error is low. CPU savings are therefore restricted to a low to mid frequency regime compared to the mesh size, which could be still relevant from an application viewpoint, given the ease of implementation. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aubry, R.] Sotera Def Solut, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Dey, S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Loehner, R.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Computat & Data Sci, CFD Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Aubry, R (reprint author), Sotera Def Solut, 1501 Farm Credit Dr,Suite 2300, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM raubry@gmu.edu FU ONR; DoD HPCMP PETT Program FX This work was partly supported by ONR and the DoD HPCMP PETT Program NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2012 VL 241 BP 155 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2012.06.007 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 005WZ UT WOS:000308782100011 ER PT B AU Park, JT Silver, AL Bishop, RC AF Park, Joel T. Silver, Andrew L. Bishop, Richard C. GP ASME TI 6 DEGREE OF FREEDOM MOTION ANALYSIS OF SURFACE SHIP MODELS SO FLUID MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION CAVITATION AND MULTIPHASE FLOW ADVANCES IN FLUIDS ENGINEERING EDUCATION MICROFLUIDICS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME-JSME-KSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference (AJK2011-FED) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Hamamatsu, JAPAN SP ASME, JSME, KSME AB A 6 degree of freedom (DOF) optical motion analysis system has been adapted for the measurement of surface ship model motion. The motions measured by the optical system are surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch, and yaw. Apparently, the calibration of the system is not traceable to a National Metrology Institute (NMI). Measurement results are compared to on-board instruments for the measurement of roll, pitch, and heave, which were calibrated prior to the test. Test results are presented for a Large Medium Speed Roll-on Roll-off (LMSR) ship model with a Transformable Craft (T-Craft) Surface Effect Ship (SES) in tandem connected by a ramp. The LMSR model was attached to a carriage in a rectangular wave-making basin. The results presented in this paper were conducted at a simulated Sea-State 4 and model speed of 0.372 m/s. The results were in reasonable agreement in pitch and roll where the instrument calibration uncertainties were between +/- 0.19 degrees and +/- 0.67 degrees, while the manufacturer's specification is +/- 1.0 degrees. Heave was measured near the stern by the optical system. The uncertainty in the correction to the center of gravity is estimated to be +/- 17 mm for the LMSR in comparison to the direct measurement of heave by a string pot at the cg, where the calibration uncertainty was +/- 1.3 mm. C1 [Park, Joel T.; Silver, Andrew L.; Bishop, Richard C.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Park, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM joel.park@navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4441-0 PY 2012 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BBY14 UT WOS:000308615600007 ER PT J AU Shippey, S Sutter, E Belkoff, SM Gutman, R Chen, CCG AF Shippey, Stuart Sutter, Edward Belkoff, Stephen M. Gutman, Robert Chen, Chi Chiung Grace TI Sacral Mesh Pullout Strength Based on Suture Location for Sacrocolpopexy SO GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Sacrocolpopexy; Sacrum; Strength; Suture ID ABDOMINAL SACROCOLPOPEXY; COLPOPEXY AB Background: We sought to compare the pullout strengths of the sacral end of the sacrocolpopexy mesh when attached using one suture at the first versus second sacral vertebral level (S1 vs. S2) in female cadaveric pelvises. Methods: The sacral vertebrae were isolated in 9 unembalmed female cadavers, and segments of polypropylene mesh were attached to the sacrum using stitches at either the S1 or S2 level. The free end of the mesh was pulled at a constant rate. Maximum tension prior to system failure was recorded for each specimen. Suture pullout strengths between the two groups were compared using the two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results: In all but one specimen, failure of the system occurred at the point of suture attachment to the anterior longitudinal ligament. Among the nine specimens, median pullout strengths were 7.49 lb (interquartile range 7.95) at S1 and 3.15 lb (interquartile range 2.975) at S2 (p = 0.028). Conclusion: The pullout strength of sutures used to attach the sacrocolpopexy mesh to the sacrum is significantly higher at the S1 level than at the S2 level. Copyright (c) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Shippey, Stuart] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Sutter, Edward] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA. [Belkoff, Stephen M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthoped Surg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Chen, Chi Chiung Grace] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Gutman, Robert] Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Shippey, S (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM stuart.shippey@med.navy.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7346 J9 GYNECOL OBSTET INVES JI Gynecol.Obstet.Invest. PY 2012 VL 74 IS 2 BP 116 EP 119 DI 10.1159/000338892 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 010IV UT WOS:000309089000005 PM 22759390 ER PT S AU Rowenhorst, DJ Voorhees, PW AF Rowenhorst, D. J. Voorhees, P. W. BE Clarke, DR TI Measurement of Interfacial Evolution in Three Dimensions SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 42 SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE grain growth; dendritic coarsening; serial sectioning; X-ray tomography ID X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY; ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; GRAIN-BOUNDARY-CHARACTER; 5 MACROSCOPIC PARAMETERS; WT.PERCENT CU ALLOY; IN-SITU OBSERVATION; DENDRITIC MICROSTRUCTURES; MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERIZATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS AB The experimental measurement of the evolution of interfaces in three dimensions is reviewed, concentrating on the evolution of polycrystalline and solid-liquid systems, including growth and coarsening in dendritic systems and evolution during liquid-phase sintering. Both ex situ destructive techniques and in situ nondestructive techniques are considered. The importance of making three-dimensional measurements that can be quantified and unambiguously compared with theory is discussed, showing that these measurements provide a direct validation of theory and critical initial conditions for simulations. C1 [Rowenhorst, D. J.] USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Voorhees, P. W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Rowenhorst, DJ (reprint author), USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.rowenhorst@nrl.navy.mil; p-voorhees@northwestern.edu RI Voorhees, Peter /B-6700-2009 NR 91 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 63 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1742-3 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2012 VL 42 BP 105 EP 124 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070511-155028 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BBR23 UT WOS:000307960800005 ER PT S AU Nicholson, G AF Nicholson, Gail BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR Desjardins, DD Sarma, KR TI Impediments to rapid insertion of innovative displays and peripherals SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVII AND DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVII/Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics VI CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE flat panel display; display application; military AB In order to optimize system performance and minimize cost for a system to fill capability gaps, an improvement to rapid insertion of innovative display and peripheral technology is required to take advantage of human-machine intersections. Current approaches to testing and integration impedes successful rapid insertion of innovative technology for new systems and incremental upgrades. Considerations to innovative displays and peripherals must occur further to the left of the lifecycle to be successful and key integration areas must be address for success. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electroopt Displays & Peripherals Branch, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Nicholson, G (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electroopt Displays & Peripherals Branch, 300 HWY 361, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9061-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8383 AR 83830I DI 10.1117/12.921418 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBS67 UT WOS:000308065400017 ER PT S AU Petty, GJ Fulton, J Nicholson, G Seals, E AF Petty, Gregory J. Fulton, Jack Nicholson, Gail Seals, Ean BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR Desjardins, DD Sarma, KR TI DISPLAY CHALLENGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF WIDE FIELD OF VIEW IMAGING DEVICES SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVII AND DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVII/Conference on Display Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics VI CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE displays; imaging; wide field of view; sensors AB As focal plane array technologies advance and imagers increase in resolution, display technology must outpace the imaging improvements in order to adequately represent the complete data collection. Typical display devices tend to have an aspect ratio similar to 4:3 or 16:9, however a breed of Wide Field of View (WFOV) imaging devices exist that skew from the norm with aspect ratios as high as 5:1. This particular quality, when coupled with a high spatial resolution, presents a unique challenge for display devices. Standard display devices must choose between resizing the image data to fit the display and displaying the image data in native resolution and truncating potentially important information. The problem compounds when considering the applications; WFOV high-situational-awareness imagers are sought for space-limited military vehicles. Tradeoffs between these issues are assessed to the image quality of the WFOV sensor. C1 [Petty, Gregory J.; Fulton, Jack; Nicholson, Gail; Seals, Ean] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electroopt Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Petty, GJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Electroopt Div, 300 HWY 361, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9061-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8383 AR 83830M DI 10.1117/12.921430 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBS67 UT WOS:000308065400021 ER PT S AU Chang, DY Rowe, NC AF Chang, Daniel Y. Rowe, Neil C. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI A standardized way to select, evaluate and test an Analog-to-Digital Converter for ultra wide bandwidth radiofrequency signals based on user's needs, ideal, published and actual specifications SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE requirements; domain; specification; ADC; FFT AB The most important adverse impact on the Electronic Warfare (EW) simulation is that the number of signal sources that can be tested simultaneously is relatively small. When the number of signal sources increases, the analog hardware, complexity and costs grow by the order of N-2, since the number of connections among N components is O(N*N) and the signal communication is bi-directional. To solve this problem, digitization of the signal is suggested. In digitizing a radiofrequency signal, an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is widely used. Most research studies on ADCs are conducted from designer/test engineers' perspective. Some research studies are conducted from market's perspective. This paper presents a generic way to select, evaluate and test ultra high bandwidth COTS ADCs and generate requirements for digitizing continuous time signals from the perspective of user's needs. Based on user's needs, as well as vendor's published, ideal and actual specifications, a decision can be made in selecting a proper ADC for an application. To support our arguments and illustrate the methodology, we evaluate a Tektronix TADC-1000, an 8-bit and 12 gigasamples per second ADC. This project is funded by JEWEL lab, NAWCWD at Point Mugu, CA. C1 [Chang, Daniel Y.; Rowe, Neil C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chang, DY (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 83551D DI 10.1117/12.971214 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000044 ER PT S AU Driggers, R Holst, G Reynolds, J Fanning, J Vollmerhausen, R AF Driggers, Ronald Holst, Gerald Reynolds, Joseph Fanning, Jonathan Vollmerhausen, Richard BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Infrared Detector Size - How Low Should You Go? SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXIII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Infrared Detectors; Infrared System Performance AB In the past five years, significant progress has been accomplished in the reduction of infrared detector pitch and detector size. Recently, longwave infrared detectors in limited quantities have been fabricated with a detector pitch of 5 micrometers. Detectors with 12 micrometer pitch are now becoming standard in both the midwave infrared (MWIR) and longwave infrared (LWIR) sensors. Persistent surveillance systems are pursuing 10 micrometer detector pitch in large format arrays. The fundamental question that most system designers and detector developers desire an answer to is: "how small can you produce an infrared detector and still provide value in performance?" If a system is mostly diffraction-limited, then developing a smaller detector is of limited benefit. If a detector is so small that it does not collect enough photons to produce a good image, then a smaller detector is not much benefit. Resolution and signal-to-noise are the primary characteristics of an imaging system that contribute to targeting, pilotage, search, and other human warfighting task performance. In this paper, we investigate the task of target discrimination range performance as a function of detector size/pitch. Results for LWIR and MWIR detectors are provided and depend on a large number of assumptions that are reasonable. C1 [Driggers, Ronald] USN, Res Lab, Code Opt Sci Div 5600, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Driggers, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code Opt Sci Div 5600, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9033-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8355 AR 83550O DI 10.1117/12.919951 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000307931000020 ER PT J AU Sadegh, AM Cavallaro, PV AF Sadegh, Ali M. Cavallaro, Paul V. TI Mechanics of Energy Absorbability in Plain-Woven Fabrics: An Analytical Approach SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERED FIBERS AND FABRICS LA English DT Article ID BALLISTIC IMPACT CHARACTERISTICS; FRICTION; YARN AB Experimental studies have shown that flexible woven fabrics can absorb significant kinetic energy from both projectile and fragment impacts through a combination of design factors which include yarn materials, weaving architectures, yarn density ratios, as well as the projectile mass, shape and velocity.(1-3) This paper investigates the relationships between various plain-woven fabric architectures, crimp imbalance and energy absorption capacities when rigid projectile strike these fabrics through a series of analytical solutions. This was accomplished through formulations of the yarn pullout and yarn migration forces. Special attention is given to the friction forces generated between yarn families at the yarn crossover regions. It was assumed that the yarns do not fail while the projectile penetrates through the fabric. Finally, the relationships between the residual velocities of the projectile and the contact angles a, (that is, the angle of circumferential contact between crossing yarns which is related to the crimp content) were determined. The results indicated that for ballistic impacts, highly crimp-imbalanced woven fabrics perform in a manner far superior to that of equally-crimped woven fabrics. These analytical solutions resulted in the ability to parametrically study the effects of crimp contents and, in particular, crimp imbalance on the effectiveness of plain-woven fabric armors. C1 [Sadegh, Ali M.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Cavallaro, Paul V.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Sadegh, AM (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Convent Ave & 140th St, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM sadegh@ccny.cuny.edu; paul.cavallaro@navy.mil NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU INDA PI CARY PA PO BOX 1288, CARY, NC 27512-1288 USA SN 1558-9250 J9 J ENG FIBER FABR JI J. Eng. Fiber Fabr. PY 2012 VL 7 IS 1 BP 10 EP 25 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 998EQ UT WOS:000308220500002 ER PT S AU Swaminathan, S McNelley, TR Chandrasekar, S AF Swaminathan, Srinivasan McNelley, Terry R. Chandrasekar, Srinivasan BE Tewari, A Suwas, S Srivastava, D Samajdar, I Haldar, A TI Microstructure Refinement During Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) of FCC Materials: A Texture Based Study SO TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Textures of Materials (ICOTOM 16) CY DEC 12-17, 2011 CL Indian Inst Technol Bombay, Mumbai, INDIA SP Bruker AXS, Icon analyt, FEI, Panalytical, Ametek, CAMECA, EDAX, Oxford Instruments, Bluestar, Jeol, Carl Zeiss, Gatan, Censico Int , Buehler, Dynam Syst Inc, Forevision Instruments, Hitachi, IR Tech, Rigaku, Vivid Technolog, Struers, BRNS, Dept Atom Energy, Dept Sci & Technol, Defense Res & Dev Org, Indian Inst Technol Bombay, Indian Inst Metals HO Indian Inst Technol Bombay DE Orientation Imaging Mapping; ECAP; Machining; Friction Stir Processing ID NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; STRAIN AB FCC materials were subjected to large strain deformation by three techniques: equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), plane-strain machining and friction stir processing (FSP). Based on the orientation imaging mapping (OIM) analysis of the deformed regions, the most likely microstructure refinement mechanisms have been identified for each of the techniques and compared among one another. C1 [Swaminathan, Srinivasan] GE Global Res, EPIP, Plot 122,Phase 2,Whitefield Rd, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India. [McNelley, Terry R.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chandrasekar, Srinivasan] Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Swaminathan, S (reprint author), GE Global Res, EPIP, Plot 122,Phase 2,Whitefield Rd, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India. EM srinivasan.swaminathan@ge.com; tmcnelley@nps.edu; chandy@ecn.purdue.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2012 VL 702-703 BP 143 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.702-703.143 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BBT83 UT WOS:000308115000029 ER PT J AU Clark, AW AF Clark, Audrey Wu TI Emasculation and Chinese American Diaspora SO AMERASIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Clark, AW (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASIAN AMER STUDIES CNTR PI LOS ANGELES PA UNIV CALIF, 3230 CAMPBELL HALL, 405 HILGARD AVE, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1546 USA SN 0044-7471 J9 AMERASIA J JI Amerasia J. PY 2012 VL 38 IS 2 BP 65 EP 83 PG 19 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 994FN UT WOS:000307916400010 ER PT S AU Schwamm, R Rowe, NC AF Schwamm, Riqui Rowe, Neil C. BE Carapezza, EM TI The Android Smartphone as an Inexpensive Sentry Ground Sensor SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XIV CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Smartphone; Android; sensors; sentry; audio; footsteps; brightness; testing AB A key challenge of sentry and monitoring duties is detection of approaching people in areas of little human traffic. We are exploring smartphones as easily available, easily portable, and less expensive alternatives to traditional military sensors for this task, where the sensors are already integrated into the package. We developed an application program for the Android smartphone that uses its sensors to detect people passing nearby; it takes their pictures for subsequent transmission to a central monitoring station. We experimented with the microphone, light sensor, vibration sensor, proximity sensor, orientation sensor, and magnetic sensor of the Android. We got best results with the microphone (looking for footsteps) and light sensor (looking for abrupt changes in light), and sometimes good results with the vibration sensor. We ran a variety of tests with subjects walking at various distances from the phone under different environmental conditions to measure limits on acceptable detection. We got best results by combining average loudness over a 200 millisecond period with a brightness threshold adjusted to the background brightness, and we set our phones to trigger pictures no more than twice a second. Subjects needed to be within ten feet of the phone for reliable triggering, and some surfaces gave poorer results. We primarily tested using the Motorola Atrix 4G (Android 2.3.4) and HTC Evo 4G (Android 2.3.3) and found only a few differences in performance running the same program, which we attribute to differences in the hardware. We also tested two older Android phones that had problems with crashing when running our program. Our results provide good guidance for when and where to use this approach to inexpensive sensing. C1 [Schwamm, Riqui; Rowe, Neil C.] USN, Cebrowski Inst, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Schwamm, R (reprint author), USN, Cebrowski Inst, Postgrad Sch, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9066-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8388 AR 83880O DI 10.1117/12.918876 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BBP41 UT WOS:000307808700019 ER PT S AU Wettergren, TA Costa, R AF Wettergren, Thomas A. Costa, Russell BE Carapezza, EM TI Optimizing the Configuration Patterns for Heterogeneous Distributed Sensor Fields SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XIV CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Sensor fields; heterogeneous sensing; surveillance; optimization; planning algorithms ID NETWORKS; COVERAGE AB When unmanned distributed sensor fields are developed for rapid deployment in hostile areas, the deployment may consist of multiple sensor types. This occurs because of the variations in expected threats and uncertainties about the details of the local environmental conditions. As more detailed information is available at deployment, the quantity and types of sensors are given and fixed, yet the specific pattern for the configuration of their deployment is still variable. We develop a new optimization approach for planning these configurations for this resource constrained sensor application. Our approach takes into account the variety of sensors available and their respective expected performance in the environment, as well as the target uncertainty. Due to the large dimensionality of the design space for this unmanned sensor planning problem, heuristic-based optimizations will provide very sub-optimal solutions and gradient-based methods lack a good quality initialization. Instead, we utilize a robust optimization procedure that combines genetic algorithms with nonlinear programming techniques to create numerical solutions for determining the optimal spatial distribution of sensing effort for each type of sensor. We illustrate the effectiveness of the approach on numerical examples, and also illustrate the qualitative difference in the optimal patterns as a function of the relative numbers of available sensors of each type. We conclude by using the optimization results to discuss the benefits of interspersing the different sensor types, as opposed to creating area sub-segmentations for each type. C1 [Wettergren, Thomas A.; Costa, Russell] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wettergren, TA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM thomas.wettergren@navy.mil OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9066-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8388 AR 83880F DI 10.1117/12.918801 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BBP41 UT WOS:000307808700011 ER PT S AU Zeller, J Manzur, T AF Zeller, John Manzur, Tariq BE Carapezza, EM TI Free-space optical communication at 1.55 mu m and 4.85 mu m and optical correlation through the evaporation layer SO UNATTENDED GROUND, SEA, AND AIR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground, Sea, and Air Sensor Technologies and Applications XIV CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Free-space optics; evaporation layer; communication networks; MODTRAN; quantum cascade lasers; optical correlation ID PARAMETER AB The short-wave infrared (SWIR) and mid-wave infrared (MWIR) bands contain atmospheric transmission windows spanning approximately 1.50-1.75 mu m and 4.6-4.9 mu m, making lasers emitting in these ranges suited for high bandwidth covert free-space optical (FSO) communication. In addition to 1.55 mu m lasers, a quantum cascade laser exhibiting room temperature emission at similar to 4.85 mu m has been developed for FSO. Transmission coefficients and losses are simulated using MODTRAN for optical path lengths of up to 2 km to for various atmospheric conditions. By better understanding the effects of turbulence and associated refractive index structure parameter on FSO transmission, measures can be implemented to reduce the bit error rate and increase data throughput, enabling more efficient and accurate communication links. FSO beam optimization is provided through adaptive optics using a deformable mirror and Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, whereby wavefront distortion of a transmitted beam is measured and the wavefront is modulated in real time to compensate for the effects of turbulence to provide optimized FSO reception through the evaporation layer. Additionally, a dedicated automatic target recognition and tracking optical correlator system using advanced processing technology has been developed. Rapidly cycling data-cubes with size, shape, and orientation are employed with software algorithms for this system to isolate correlation peaks and enable tracking of targets in maritime environments with future track prediction. Using advanced techniques and compensation, limitations associated with infrared FSO transmission and reception through the evaporation layer may be overcome or circumvented to provide high bandwidth communication through turbulence or adverse weather conditions. C1 [Zeller, John; Manzur, Tariq] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Zeller, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9066-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8388 DI 10.1117/12.924732 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BBP41 UT WOS:000307808700002 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, James J. BE Pant, HV TI The United States Setting the stage for disarmament SO HANDBOOK OF NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION SE Routledge International Handbooks LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wirtz, James J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Int Studies, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Int Studies, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-84084-9 J9 ROUT INT HANDB PY 2012 BP 77 EP 85 PG 9 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BAZ25 UT WOS:000306140200008 ER PT S AU Ng, CK Reames, DV Tylka, AJ AF Ng, Chee K. Reames, Donald V. Tylka, Allan J. BE Heerikhuisen, J Li, G Pogorelov, N Zank, G TI Solar Energetic Particles: Shock Acceleration and Transport through Self-Amplified Waves SO PHYSICS OF THE HELIOSPHERE: A 10 YEAR RETROSPECTIVE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual International Astrophysics Conference (AIAC) CY MAR 13-18, 2011 CL Maui, HI SP Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res (CSPAR) DE solar energetic particles; coronal shock acceleration; self-excited plasma waves ID INTERPLANETARY TRAVELING SHOCKS; STREAMING-LIMITED INTENSITIES; ION-ACCELERATION; ALFVEN WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; EVENTS; EXCITATION; EVOLUTION; PROTONS; UPSTREAM AB This article reviews our work on the powerful influence of self-amplified Alfven waves on the interplanetary (IP) transport and shock acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs). In large gradual events, a huge number of shock-accelerated protons stream through the IP medium and amplify ambient Alfven waves by orders of magnitude. Nonlinear models that take account of self-amplified waves semi-quantitatively explain many intriguing SEP observations at 1 AU: (a) upper limits to early SEP intensities, (b) flat intensity energy spectra up to similar to 30 MeV/amu before shock arrival, and (c) complex temporal, energy, and event-to-event variations of elemental abundances. Streaming limit complicates estimation of the number and energy of SEPs accelerated in a solar event but provides a safety window for astronauts to seek shelter before a potential hazardous intensity rise at shock passage. Self-amplified waves help bootstrap shock acceleration and the high near-shock SEP intensity predicted at <= 20r(circle dot) is relevant to inner heliospheric space missions. C1 [Ng, Chee K.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Reames, Donald V.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tylka, Allan J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Ng, CK (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 FU NASA [NNX09AU98G, NNX08AQ02G, NNH09AK79I] FX Work by CKN, DVR, and AJT are supported in part by NASA grants NNX09AU98G, NNX08AQ02G, and NNH09AK79I, respectively. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1026-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1436 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1063/1.4723610 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BBN96 UT WOS:000307640300029 ER PT S AU Liou, K Wu, CC Dryer, M Wu, ST Berdichevsky, DB Plunkett, S Mewaldt, RA Mason, GM AF Liou, K. Wu, C. -C. Dryer, M. Wu, S. T. Berdichevsky, D. B. Plunkett, S. Mewaldt, R. A. Mason, G. M. BE Heerikhuisen, J Li, G Pogorelov, N Zank, G TI Relationship Between Solar Energetic Oxygen Flux and MHD Shock Mach Number SO PHYSICS OF THE HELIOSPHERE: A 10 YEAR RETROSPECTIVE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual International Astrophysics Conference (AIAC) CY MAR 13-18, 2011 CL Maui, HI SP Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res (CSPAR) DE Solar energetic particles; CME-driven shock; MHD simulation; ACE ID PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; BOW SHOCK; EVENTS; UPSTREAM; IONS; SUN AB This study correlates the time-intensity profile of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shock with the corresponding solar energetic oxygen for a coronal mass ejection (CME) event that occurred on October 28, 2003. The intensity of MHD shock, in terms of Mach number, is simulated using a 1.5D MHD code, whereas the solar energetic oxygen flux is observed by the Solar Isotope Spectrometer (SIS) on board the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft. A good correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient: r = 0.70 - 0.84) is found between the forward fast-mode shock Mach number and the hourly-averaged, logarithmic oxygen differential energy flux for 7 energy channels (7.3 - 63.8 MeV). We suspect that the intensity-time profile of high energy SEP events is manifested by the strength (Mach number) of CME-driven propagation shocks. While further studies with more events are required to be more conclusive, this study result provides a direction for future studies or predictions of SEP fluxes. C1 [Liou, K.; Mason, G. M.] Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wu, C. -C.; Plunkett, S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dryer, M.] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr Ret, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wu, S. T.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Berdichevsky, D. B.] Univ Dist Columbia, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mewaldt, R. A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Liou, K (reprint author), Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. FU NASA [NNN06AA01C, NNN10AA08T, NNX08AI11G, NNX10AT75G, NNX07AP69G]; NRL ISES; AFOSR [FA9550-07-1-0468]; NSF [ATM0754278] FX We acknowledge the use of ACE/SIS data, E. Stone is the principal investigator of the instrument, and the flare data from the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center. We acknowledge support from NASA under contact NNN06AA01C (Task NNN10AA08T). The work of C.-C. Wu and S. Plunkett was supported by NRL ISES program. The work of S.-T Wu was supported by AFOSR Grant FA9550-07-1-0468 and NSF Grant ATM0754278 to UAH. The work of R. Mewaldt was supported by NASA Grant NNX08AI11G. The work of G. M. Mason was supported by NASA grants NNX10AT75G and NNX07AP69G. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1026-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1436 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1063/1.4723616 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BBN96 UT WOS:000307640300035 ER PT S AU Vourlidas, A Bemporad, A AF Vourlidas, Angelos Bemporad, Alessandro BE Heerikhuisen, J Li, G Pogorelov, N Zank, G TI A Decade of Coronagraphic and Spectroscopic Studies of CME-Driven Shocks SO PHYSICS OF THE HELIOSPHERE: A 10 YEAR RETROSPECTIVE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual International Astrophysics Conference (AIAC) CY MAR 13-18, 2011 CL Maui, HI SP Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res (CSPAR) DE Coronal Mass Ejections; Interplanetary shocks; Shocks in Plasma; Coronagraphs ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; WAVE DRIVEN; DIAGNOSTICS AB Shocks driven by Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are primary agents of space weather. They can accelerate particles to high energies and can compress the magnetosphere thus setting in motion geomagnetic storms. For many years, these shocks were studied only in-situ when they crossed over spacecraft or remotely through their radio emission spectra. Neither of these two methods provides information on the spatial structure of the shock nor on its relationship to its driver, the CME. In the last decade, we have been able to not only image shocks with coronagraphs but also measure their properties remotely through the use of spectroscopic and image analysis methods. Thanks to instrumentation on STEREO and SOHO we can now image shocks (and waves) from the low corona, through the inner heliosphere, to Earth. Here, we review the progress made in imaging and analyzing CME-driven shocks and show that joint coronagraphic and spectrscopic observations are our best means to understand shock physics close to the Sun. C1 [Vourlidas, Angelos] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bemporad, Alessandro] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Torino, Pino Torinese, Italy. RP Vourlidas, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Bemporad, Alessandro/0000-0001-5796-5653 FU NASA FX Part of this work was funded by various NASA grants. We thank Dr. Ontiveros for providing the fits shown in Fig. 2. SOHO is an international collaboration between NASA and ESA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1026-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1436 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1063/1.4723620 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BBN96 UT WOS:000307640300039 ER PT S AU Wu, CC Liou, K Wu, ST Dryer, M Fry, CD Plunkett, S AF Wu, C. -C. Liou, K. Wu, S. T. Dryer, M. Fry, C. D. Plunkett, S. BE Heerikhuisen, J Li, G Pogorelov, N Zank, G TI Heliospheric Three-dimensional Global Simulation of Multiple Interacting Coronal Mass Ejections During the Halloween 2003 Epoch SO PHYSICS OF THE HELIOSPHERE: A 10 YEAR RETROSPECTIVE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual International Astrophysics Conference (AIAC) CY MAR 13-18, 2011 CL Maui, HI SP Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res (CSPAR) DE Coronal Mass Ejection; Interplanetary Shock; 3-D MHD simulation ID MAGNETIC-FIELD CHANGES; SOLAR-WIND MODEL; MHD SIMULATION; 1 AU; TIME; PROPAGATION; TRANSPORT; SHEET; EARTH AB There were nineteen flare associated coronal mass ejection (CME) events that were reported during the Halloween 2003 epoch from 19 October to 20 November [1]. Ten of these CMEs were associated with class X flares, 8 CMEs were associated with class M flares, and one CME was associated with a class C flare. Using a well-developed hybrid code, HAFv2+3DMHD, the evolution and interactions of 16 out of 19 interplanetary CMEs from 21 October to 17 November 2003 were simulated and investigated. The HAFv2+3DMHD model combines two physical base simulation codes: the Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry code (HAFv2) and a fully three-dimensional, time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic code. We compared simulated solar wind velocity, number density, temperature, and magnetic fields with those observed by the ACE spacecraft. We have demonstrated that our global three-dimensional (3-D) simulation model is capable of simulating the evolution and interaction of multiple CMEs in a realistic and continually changing complicated solar wind structure during uniquely severe space weather conditions at Earth. This study clearly demonstrates that the HAFv2+3DMHD model can be a useful tool for space weather operations. C1 [Wu, C. -C.; Plunkett, S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liou, K.] Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wu, S. T.; Dryer, M.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Dryer, M.] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr ret, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Fry, C. D.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU National Space Science Data Center at Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA [NNH09AM46I]; NRL ISES; AFOSR [FA9950-07-1-0468]; NSF [ATM0754278]; Exploration Physics International, Inc. (EXPI); [NASA/EPSCor-2009]; [NNx09AP74A] FX We thank the ACE PI team and National Space Science Data Center at Goddard Space Flight Center for management and providing plasma and magnetic field solar wind data. This study is supported partially by NASAs LWS program via grants NNH09AM46I (CCW), and NRL ISES program (CCW and SP). STW is supported by AFOSR FA9950-07-1-0468, NSF ATM0754278, and NASA/EPSCor-2009, NNx09AP74A Grant. The Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry Solar Wind Model version 2 (HAFv2) was provided to NRL/SSD by a software license from Exploration Physics International, Inc. (EXPI). NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1026-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1436 BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.1063/1.4723621 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BBN96 UT WOS:000307640300040 ER PT S AU Wood, BE Izmodenov, VV Alexashov, D AF Wood, Brian E. Izmodenov, Vladislav V. Alexashov, Dmitry BE Heerikhuisen, J Li, G Pogorelov, N Zank, G TI Exploration of the Heliosphere and Astrospheres with HST SO PHYSICS OF THE HELIOSPHERE: A 10 YEAR RETROSPECTIVE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual International Astrophysics Conference (AIAC) CY MAR 13-18, 2011 CL Maui, HI SP Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res (CSPAR) DE HST; heliosphere; astrospheres; Lyman-alpha ID LY-ALPHA ABSORPTION; LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELD; HYDROGEN WALL; INTERFACE; HELIOSHEATH; CONSTRAINTS; DEPENDENCE; CENTAURI AB We present some recent results concerning the analysis of Hubble Space Telescope observations of Lyman-alpha absorption from the heliosphere and astrospheres. We present heliospheric absorption predictions from the first extended-tail 3-D MHD model of the global heliosphere, with kinetic neutrals. The model nicely reproduces the hydrogen wall absorption observed upwind, but appears to overpredict the amount of absorption from inner heliosheath neutrals in downwind directions. Regarding astrospheric research, we discuss recent evidence supporting the existence of a high-activity truncation for the mass-loss/activity correlation inferred from astrospheric absorption. C1 [Wood, Brian E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Izmodenov, Vladislav V.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Dept Aeromech & Gas Dynam, Moscow 119899, Russia. [Izmodenov, Vladislav V.; Alexashov, Dmitry] Space Res Inst IKI RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Izmodenov, Vladislav V.; Alexashov, Dmitry] Inst Problems Mech RAS, Moscow 119526, Russia. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Izmodenov, Vladislav/K-6073-2012; Alexashov, Dmitry/M-7512-2013 OI Izmodenov, Vladislav/0000-0002-1748-0982; Alexashov, Dmitry/0000-0002-5623-8136 FU NASA [NNH09AM47I]; RFBR [10-02-01316, 11-02-92605-KO]; "Dynastia" foundation; Goskontrakts [14.740.11.0874, 14.740.11.0086] FX The first author acknowledges support from NASA award NNH09AM47I. V.I. and D.A. were partially supported by RFBR grants 10-02-01316 and 11-02-92605-KO, the Dynastia foundation, and Goskontrakts 14.740.11.0874 and 14.740.11.0086. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1026-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1436 BP 356 EP 362 DI 10.1063/1.4723631 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BBN96 UT WOS:000307640300050 ER PT S AU Mittleman, J AF Mittleman, John BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI A TRIBUTE TO R. BRUCE THOMPSON SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 31A AND 31B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 17-22, 2011 CL Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat HO Univ Vermont C1 [Mittleman, John] USN, Res Lab, Off DoD Execut Agent Maritime Domain Awareness, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mittleman, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Off DoD Execut Agent Maritime Domain Awareness, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1013-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1430 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1063/1.4716216 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBH82 UT WOS:000306913600006 ER PT J AU Moon, JS Antcliffe, M Seo, HC Lin, SC Schmitz, A Milosavljevic, I McCalla, K Wong, D Gaskill, DK Campbell, PM Lee, KM Asbeck, P AF Moon, J. S. Antcliffe, M. Seo, H. C. Lin, S. C. Schmitz, A. Milosavljevic, I. McCalla, K. Wong, D. Gaskill, D. K. Campbell, P. M. Lee, K. -M. Asbeck, P. BE Kuo, CN TI Graphene Review: An Emerging RF Technology SO 2012 IEEE 12TH TOPICAL MEETING ON SILICON MONOLITHIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN RF SYSTEMS (SIRF) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 12th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems (SiRF)/Radio and Wireless Week (RWW) CY JAN 16-18, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc (MTT-S), APS, IEEE Commun Soc, EMB DE Graphene; FET; Transistor; f(T); f(MAX); Ambipolar; Low-noise amplifier; RF; Mixer; Multiplier; Phase noise; Radiometer; EMI; Antenna; sensors; NEMS; interconnects; CMOS ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; EPITAXIAL-GRAPHENE; CARBON AB Currently, graphene is a topic of very active research fields from science to potential applications. For various RF circuit applications, including low-noise amplifiers, the unique ambipolar nature of graphene field-effect-transistors (FETs) can be utilized for high-performance frequency multipliers, mixers and high-speed radiometers. Potential integration of graphene on Silicon substrates with CMOS compatibility would also benefit future RF systems. The future success of the RF circuit applications depends on vertical and lateral scaling of graphene MOSFETs to minimize parasitics and improve gate modulation efficiency in the channel with zero or a small bandgap. In this paper, we highlight recent progress in graphene materials, devices, and circuits for RF applications. We also attempt to discuss future applications and challenges of graphene. C1 [Moon, J. S.; Antcliffe, M.; Seo, H. C.; Lin, S. C.; Schmitz, A.; Milosavljevic, I.; McCalla, K.; Wong, D.] HRL Labs LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Rd, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. [Gaskill, D. K.; Campbell, P. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lee, K. -M.; Asbeck, P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Moon, JS (reprint author), HRL Labs LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Rd, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1316-3 PY 2012 BP 199 EP 202 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBM06 UT WOS:000307348600050 ER PT J AU Kon, AA AF Kon, Alexander A. TI Clinical Ethics Consultants: Advocates for Both Patients and Clinicians SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kon, Alexander A.] USN, Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Kon, Alexander A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Kon, AA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM kon.sandiego@gmail.com NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1526-5161 J9 AM J BIOETHICS JI Am. J. Bioeth. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 8 BP 15 EP 17 DI 10.1080/15265161.2012.692435 PG 4 WC Ethics; Medical Ethics; Social Issues; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Medical Ethics; Social Issues; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 987XK UT WOS:000307451000006 PM 22852535 ER PT S AU Mason, BD AF Mason, Brian D. BE Docobo, JA Tamazian, VS Balega, YY TI "Visual" Orbit Solutions from Observing Techniques Old and New SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP: BINARIES INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR BUBBLE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Binaries Inside and Outside the Local Interstellar Bubble CY FEB 10-11, 2011 CL Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN SP Spanish Minist Sci & Innovat, Univ Santiago Compostela ID BINARY STAR ORBITS; SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; SYSTEMS; TELESCOPES; TAU AB For the past couple of decades, the primary double star observational technique utilized at the US Naval Observatory has been speckle interferometry. Our two speckle cameras have been used on a variety of telescopes: our 26'' in Washington, the USNO (NOFS) 61'', the McDonald 82'', the Mt. Wilson 100'' and the twin 4 meter telescopes of KPNO and CTIO. While these instruments have each yielded many observations, they have been involved in rather different programs, with the 26'' observing primarily the so-called "neglected" pairs and larger instruments conducting duplicity surveys and observing close, astrophysically interesting systems. While speckle is quite successful at resolving relatively close pairs, for those pairs which are both bright and very close long base line optical interferometry may be the only viable solution. Utilizing both the CHARA Array and the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer, numerous hard-to-observe pairs first resolved by speckle have been observed using these arrays' superior resolution capabilities; this has allowed these orbits to be significantly improved; examples of pairs observed by each of these instruments are presented. At the other separation extreme, a cache of photographic plates taken with the USNO double star camera has been digitized and processed. Some 66 plates of Sirius A and B taken between 1970 and 1984, which represents a 10% increase in the total number of measures, have been reduced, enabling a significant improvement over the current "best" Sirius orbit, almost one full revolution later. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1052-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1452 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1063/1.4718586 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBI85 UT WOS:000306996700005 ER PT S AU Hartkopf, WI AF Hartkopf, William I. BE Docobo, JA Tamazian, VS Balega, YY TI Plotting the Future of the WDS SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP: BINARIES INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR BUBBLE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Binaries Inside and Outside the Local Interstellar Bubble CY FEB 10-11, 2011 CL Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN SP Spanish Minist Sci & Innovat, Univ Santiago Compostela DE binaries: catalogs ID DOUBLE STAR CATALOG AB The Washington Double Star Catalog (WDS) and its predecessors have served the double star community for over a century; the current catalog now includes over 800,000 measures of nearly 115,000 pairs and is updated on a nightly basis. Large interferometric and CCD surveys, as well as recent catalogs such as 2MASS, SDSS, UCAC, etc. have provided much new data for the WDS, but have also highlighted limitations to the current format of the catalog. Multi-wavelength photometry is limited due to a lack of space for filter information. Arcminute-precise WDS designations are proving inadequate to handle binary discoveries in dense fields. Designations for complex hierarchical systems are also proving to be a problem. The Durchmusterung catalogs used for over a century as the primary cross-reference are inadequate for fainter pairs. Astrometric and occultation pairs are not included in the catalog at all. These and other problems will only be exacerbated by massive future surveys such as Gaia. Some of these issues are illustrated and a few possible solutions presented. It is hoped that discussions can be initiated with users of all the USNO double star catalogs concerning ways to expand the information contained in them, in order to increase their usefulness to the entire double star community. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hartkopf, WI (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1052-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1452 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1063/1.4718589 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBI85 UT WOS:000306996700008 ER PT J AU Qi, H Glaser, ER Caldwell, JD Prokes, SM AF Qi, Hua Glaser, Evan R. Caldwell, Josh D. Prokes, S. M. TI Growth of Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanowire Arrays Using Bilayered Metal Catalysts SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ADHESION; FILMS; GLASS AB Vertically aligned, high-density ZnO nanowires (NWs) were grown for the first time on c-plane sapphire using binary alloys of Ni/Au or Cu/Au as the catalyst. The growth was performed under argon gas flow and involved the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth process. We have investigated various ratios of catalyst components for the NWs growth and results indicate that very thin adhesion layers of Ni or Cu deposited prior to the Au layer are not deleterious to the ZnO NW array growth. Significant improvement of the Au adhesion on the substrate was noted, opening the potential for direct catalyst patterning of Au and subsequent NW array growth. Additionally, we found that an increase of in thickness of the Cu adhesion layer results in the simultaneous growth of NWs and nanoplates (NPs), indicating that in this case the growth involves both the VLS and vapor-solid (VS) growth mechanisms. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies were also performed to characterize the resulting ZnO NW arrays, indicating that the NWs grown using a thin adhesion layer of Ni or Cu under the Au show comparable SERS enhancement to those of the pure Au-catalyzed NWs. C1 [Qi, Hua; Glaser, Evan R.; Caldwell, Josh D.; Prokes, S. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qhqihua@yahoo.com RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Nanoscience Institute (NSI) of the US Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and Nanoscience Institute (NSI) of the US Naval Research Laboratory. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 40 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2012 AR 260687 DI 10.1155/2012/260687 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 990VJ UT WOS:000307659600001 ER PT J AU Andersen, RC Shawen, SB Kragh, JF LeBrun, CT Ficke, JR Bosse, MJ Pollak, AN Pellegrini, VD Blease, RE Pagenkopf, EL AF Andersen, Romney C. Shawen, Scott B. Kragh, John F., Jr. LeBrun, Christopher T. Ficke, James R. Bosse, Michael J. Pollak, Andrew N. Pellegrini, Vincent D. Blease, Robert E. Pagenkopf, Eric L. CA Extremity War Injuries VII Special TI Special Topics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article AB Concerning the past decade of war, three special topics were examined at the Extremity War Injuries VII Symposium. These topics included the implementation of tourniquets and their effect on decreasing mortality and the possibility of transitioning the lessons gained to the civilian sector. In addition, the training of surgeons for war as well as residents in a wartime environment was reviewed. C1 [Andersen, Romney C.; Shawen, Scott B.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. [Andersen, Romney C.; Shawen, Scott B.; Ficke, James R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Kragh, John F., Jr.] USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. [LeBrun, Christopher T.] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills C STARS, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Ficke, James R.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, San Antonio, TX USA. [Bosse, Michael J.] Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA. [Pollak, Andrew N.; Pellegrini, Vincent D.] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Blease, Robert E.] Jackson Mem Hosp, US Army Trauma Training Ctr ATTC, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Pagenkopf, Eric L.] Univ So Calif, Med Ctr, USN, Navy Trauma Training Ctr NTTC, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Andersen, RC (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. FU ExtraOrtho; Zimmer; Smith Nephew; DePuy FX Dr. Andersen or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association. Dr. Shawen or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society. Dr. Kragh or an immediate family member is an employee of the US Government; serves as an unpaid consultant to Athena GTX, Blackhawk Products Group, CHI Systems, Combat Medical Systems, Composite Resources, Compression Works, Creative Effective Technologies, Delfi Medical Innovations, entrotech, H&H Associates, HemaClear, KGS, M2, North American Rescue, Operative Experience, Pelagique, Tactical Development Group, Tactical Medical Solutions, Tactical Emergency and Medical Simulations Training, TEMS Solutions, Tier-One Quality Solutions, and Tiger Surgical; has received institutional support through the US Army Institute of Surgical Research; and has received commercially derived honoraria from the US Food and Drug Administration and the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation. Dr. LeBrun or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association. Dr. Ficke or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Airlift Research Foundation, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, and Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons. Dr. Pollak or an immediate family member has received royalties from ExtraOrtho and Zimmer; serves as a paid consultant to and has received research or institutional support from Smith & Nephew; and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the National Trauma Institute and Orthopaedic Trauma Association. Dr. Pellegrini or an immediate family member has received royalties from DePuy; serves as a paid consultant to Covidien and DePuy; and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American Orthopaedic Association, The Hip Society, University of Maryland Medical Center, the Association of American Medical Colleges, and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Dr. Blease or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons. Dr. Pagenkopf or an immediate family member is a member of a speakers' bureau or has made paid presentations on behalf of Synthes. Neither Dr. Bosse nor any immediate family member has received anything of value from or owns stock in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PY 2012 VL 20 SU 1 BP S94 EP S98 DI 10.5435/JAAOS-20-08-S94 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 984NZ UT WOS:000307199000021 PM 22865147 ER PT J AU Ficke, JR Obremskey, WT Gaines, RJ Pasquina, PF Bosse, MJ Mamczak, CN O'Toole, RV Archer, KR Born, CT Fleming, ME Watson, JT Gordon, WT Stannard, JP Rispoli, DM MacKenzie, EJ Wenke, JC Hsu, JR Pollak, AN Andersen, RC AF Ficke, James R. Obremskey, William T. Gaines, Robert J. Pasquina, Paul F. Bosse, Michael J. Mamczak, Christiaan N. O'Toole, Robert V. Archer, Kristin R. Born, Christopher T. Fleming, Mark E. Watson, J. Tracy Gordon, Wade T. Stannard, James P. Rispoli, Damian M. MacKenzie, Ellen J. Wenke, Joseph C. Hsu, Joseph R. Pollak, Andrew N. Andersen, Romney C. TI Reprioritization of Research for Combat Casualty Care SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article AB Since the beginning of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan more than a decade ago, much has been learned with regard to combat casualty care. Although progress has been significant, knowledge gaps still exist. The seventh Extremity War Injuries symposium, held in January 2012, reviewed the current state of knowledge and defined knowledge gaps in acute care, reconstructive care, and rehabilitative care in order to provide policymakers information on the areas in which research funding would be the most beneficial. C1 [Ficke, James R.; Rispoli, Damian M.; Hsu, Joseph R.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Wenke, Joseph C.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Ficke, James R.; Pasquina, Paul F.; Fleming, Mark E.; Gordon, Wade T.; Rispoli, Damian M.; Hsu, Joseph R.; Andersen, Romney C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Obremskey, William T.; Archer, Kristin R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Pasquina, Paul F.; Fleming, Mark E.; Gordon, Wade T.; Andersen, Romney C.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Gaines, Robert J.; Mamczak, Christiaan N.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Bosse, Michael J.] Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA. [O'Toole, Robert V.; Pollak, Andrew N.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Born, Christopher T.] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Dept Orthopaed, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Watson, J. Tracy] St Louis Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Stannard, James P.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Orthopaed Inst, Columbia, MO USA. [MacKenzie, Ellen J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Ficke, JR (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. FU Synthes; Stryker; DePuy; Smith Nephew; BIOnova Medical; Geneva Foundation; Combat Casualty Care Research Program; Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC); ExtraOrtho; Zimmer FX Dr. Ficke or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons, and Airlift Research Foundation. Dr. Obremskey or an immediate family member serves as a paid consultant to BioMimetic Therapeutics and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) and the AAOS. Dr. Mamczak or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the OTA. Dr. O'Toole or an immediate family member serves as a paid consultant to Synthes; has received research or institutional support from Synthes and Stryker; and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the OTA. Dr. Born or an immediate family member serves as a paid consultant to Stryker and IlluminOss; serves as an unpaid consultant to BioIntraface; has stock or stock options held in BioIntraface and IlluminOss; has received research or institutional support from Stryker; and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American College of Surgeons, OTA, AAOS, and Foundation for Orthopaedic Trauma. Dr. Watson or an immediate family member has received royalties from DePuy and Smith & Nephew; is a member of a speakers' bureau or has made paid presentations on behalf of Medtronic and Stryker; serves as a paid consultant to Smith & Nephew; serves as an unpaid consultant to Accelalox and Ellipse Technologies; and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the OTA. Dr. Stannard or an immediate family member is a member of a speakers' bureau or has made paid presentations on behalf of KCI and Medtronic Sofamor Danek; serves as a paid consultant to KCI, Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Sonoma, and Smith & Nephew; and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the OTA. Dr. MacKenzie or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the National Trauma Institute. Dr. Wenke or an immediate family member has received research or institutional support from BIOnova Medical. Dr. Hsu or an immediate family member has received research or institutional support from The Geneva Foundation, Combat Casualty Care Research Program, and the Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC), and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons, Limb Lengthening Research Society, OTA, METRC, the Skeletal Trauma Research Consortium, and the AAOS. Dr. Pollak or an immediate family member has received royalties from ExtraOrtho and Zimmer; serves as a paid consultant to Smith & Nephew; has received research or institutional support from Smith & Nephew; and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the National Trauma Institute and OTA. Dr. Andersen or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the OTA. None of the following authors or any immediate family member has received anything of value from or has stock or stock options held in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article: Dr. Gaines, Dr. Pasquina, Dr. Bosse, Dr. Archer, Dr. Fleming, Dr. Gordon, and Dr. Rispoli. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PY 2012 VL 20 SU 1 BP S99 EP S102 DI 10.5435/JAAOS-20-08-S99 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 984NZ UT WOS:000307199000022 PM 22865148 ER PT J AU Mamczak, CN Born, CT Obremskey, WT Dromsky, DM AF Mamczak, Christiaan N. Born, Christopher T. Obremskey, William T. Dromsky, David M. CA Extremity War Injuries VII Acute TI Evolution of Acute Orthopaedic Care SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID OPERATION-ENDURING-FREEDOM; IRAQI-FREEDOM; INJURY SEVERITY; TOURNIQUET USE; WOUND THERAPY; TRAUMA; CLOSURE; RATES AB Current combat battlefield injuries are among the most complex and challenging orthopaedic cases. These injuries carry high risks for exsanguination and global contamination of extensive soft-tissue and complicated bony injuries. Military orthopaedic surgeons must employ the latest advances in acute combat casualty care to achieve favorable outcomes. Adaptive changes over the past 10 years of war have given today's surgeons the armamentarium to optimize patient care. Innovative methods of damage control resuscitation and surgery have led to increased survival. However, the fundamentals of surgical hemostasis and decontamination remain critical to successful management. The acute treatment of combat casualties involves a continuum of care from the point of injury through transport out of theater. Future research and education are paramount to better prepare military orthopaedic surgeons to further increase survivability and enhance the outcomes of service members with complex wounds. C1 [Mamczak, Christiaan N.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Born, Christopher T.] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Obremskey, William T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Dromsky, David M.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Mamczak, CN (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. FU Stryker FX Dr. Mamczak or an immediate family member serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA). Dr. Born or an immediate family member serves as a paid consultant to Stryker and IlluminOss, serves as an unpaid consultant to BioIntraface, has stock or stock options held in BioIntraface and IlluminOss, has received research or institutional support from Stryker, and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American College of Surgeons, the OTA, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), and the Foundation for Orthopedic Trauma. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PY 2012 VL 20 SU 1 BP S70 EP S73 DI 10.5435/JAAOS-20-08-S70 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 984NZ UT WOS:000307199000016 PM 22865142 ER PT S AU Kim, AM Olsen, RC AF Kim, Angela M. Olsen, Richard C. BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI Detecting trails in LiDAR point cloud data SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XVII CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE LiDAR; trails; point cloud; statistics AB The goal of this work is to determine methods for detecting trails using statistics of LiDAR point cloud data, while avoiding reliance on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Creation of a DEM is a subjective process that requires assumptions be made about the density of the data points, the curvature of the ground, and other factors which can lead to very different results in the final DEM product, with no single "correct" result. Exploitation of point cloud data also lends itself well to automation. A LiDAR point cloud based trail detection scheme has been designed in which statistical measures of local neighborhoods of LiDAR points are calculated, image processing techniques employed to mask non-trail areas, and a constrained region growing scheme used to determine a final trails map. Results of the LiDAR point cloud based trail detection scheme are presented and compared to a DEM-based trail detection scheme. Large trails are detected fairly reliably with some missing gaps, while smaller trails are detected less reliably. Overall results of the LiDAR point cloud based methods are comparable to the DEM-based results, with fewer false alarms. C1 [Kim, Angela M.; Olsen, Richard C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Remote Sensing, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kim, AM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Remote Sensing, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM amkim@nps.edu; olsen@nps.edu RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9057-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8379 AR 837906 DI 10.1117/12.918631 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAW89 UT WOS:000305843300005 ER PT S AU Pomerantz, I Schleifer, E Nahum, E Eisenmann, S Botton, M Gordon, D Sprangel, P Zigler, A AF Pomerantz, I. Schleifer, E. Nahum, E. Eisenmann, S. Botton, M. Gordon, D. Sprangel, P. Zigler, A. BE Osvay, K Dombi, P Fulop, JA Varju, K TI Acceleration of Protons to Above 6 MeV using H2O "Snow" Nanowire Targets SO LIGHT AT EXTREME INTENSITIES 2011 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Light at Extreme Intensities CY NOV 14-18, 2011 CL Szeged, HUNGARY SP ELI-Hu Kft, ELI-Beamlines, ELI-Nucl Phys, Inst Lumiere Extreme, Univ Szeged ID SOLID TARGETS; ION-BEAMS; LASER; INTENSE; GENERATION AB A scheme is presented for using H2O "snow" nanowire targets for the generation of fast protons. This novel method may relax the requirements for very high laser intensities, thus reducing the size and cost of laser based ion acceleration system. C1 [Pomerantz, I.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Texas Ctr High Intens Laser Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Schleifer, E.; Nahum, E.; Eisenmann, S.; Botton, M.; Zigler, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. [Sprangel, P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pomerantz, I (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Texas Ctr High Intens Laser Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1066-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1462 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1063/1.4736782 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BBG06 UT WOS:000306742300034 ER PT S AU Edelberg, J Daniel, BJ Wilson, M Frawley, S Meadows, C Johnson, T Duncan, M AF Edelberg, Jason Daniel, Brian J. Wilson, Michael Frawley, Steve Meadows, Chris Johnson, Troy Duncan, Michael BE Pellechia, MF Sorensen, RJ Dockstader, SL Palaniappan, K Liu, X TI Autonomous cross-correlation of optical MTI for live inspection and tracking SO GEOSPATIAL INFOFUSION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geospatial InfoFusion II CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Tracking; ISR; Wide-Area Persistent Surveillance; Video Tracking AB The Naval Research Laboratory has developed and demonstrated an autonomous multi-sensor motion-tracking and interrogation system that reduces the workload for analysts by automatically finding moving objects, and then presenting high-resolution images of those objects with little-to-no human input. Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) assets in the field generate vast amounts of data that can overwhelm human operators and can severely limit an analyst's ability to generate intelligence reports in operationally relevant timeframes. This multi-user tracking capability enables the system to manage the collection of imagery without continuous monitoring by a ground or airborne operator, thus requiring fewer personnel and freeing up operational assets. During flight tests, March 2011, multiple real-time motion-target-indicator (MTI) tracks generated by a wide-area persistent surveillance sensor (WAPSS) were autonomously cross-cued to a high-resolution narrow filed-of-view interrogation sensor via an airborne network. Both sensors were networked by the high-speed Tactical Reachback Extended Communications (TREC) data-link provided by the NRL Information Technology Division. C1 [Edelberg, Jason; Daniel, Brian J.; Wilson, Michael; Duncan, Michael] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Edelberg, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5661-5662,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9074-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8396 AR 839609 DI 10.1117/12.921289 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW88 UT WOS:000305841900007 ER PT S AU Font, C Bonanno, D Long, H Bajramaj, B Gilbreath, GC Santiago, F Wilcox, C AF Font, Carlos Bonanno, David Long, Hunter Bajramaj, Blerta Gilbreath, G. Charmaine Santiago, Freddie Wilcox, Christopher BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, A TI Implementation of a Phase only Spatial Light Modulator for an Atmospheric Turbulence Simulator at the Short Wavelength Infrared regime SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications IV CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB Modeling and simulating the atmosphere in a controlled environment has been a study of interest to scientists for decades. The development of new technologies allows scientists to perform this task in a more realistic and controlled environment and provides a powerful tool for the study and better understanding of the propagation of light through the atmosphere. Technologies like Free-space laser communications (FSLC) and/or studies on light propagation through the atmosphere are areas which constantly benefit from breakthroughs in the development of atmospheric turbulence simulators. In this paper we present the results of the implementation of a phase only spatial light modulator (SLM) as an atmospheric turbulence simulator at the Short-Wave Infra-Red (SWIR) regime and its use with a FSLC system. C1 [Font, Carlos; Bonanno, David; Long, Hunter; Bajramaj, Blerta; Gilbreath, G. Charmaine] USN, Res Lab, Freespace Photon Commun Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Font, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Freespace Photon Commun Off, Code 5505, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Carlos.font@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9051-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8373 AR 83730V DI 10.1117/12.918597 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BBD50 UT WOS:000306560400026 ER PT S AU Karunasiri, G Alves, F Grbovic, D Kearney, B AF Karunasiri, Gamani Alves, Fabio Grbovic, Dragoslav Kearney, Brian BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, A TI Identification of nano-scale films for THz sensing SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications IV CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Terahertz absorption; nanoscale metal films; metamaterials; imaging ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAY; REAL-TIME; TERAHERTZ; SPECTROSCOPY; WEAPONS; WAVE AB There is a continued interest in the terahertz (THz) spectral range due to potential applications in spectroscopy and imaging. Real-time imaging in this spectral range has been demonstrated using microbolometer technology with external illumination provided by quantum cascade laser based THz sources. To achieve high sensitivity, it is necessary to develop microbolometer pixels using enhanced THz absorbing materials. Metal films with thicknesses less than the skin depth for THz frequencies can efficiently absorb THz radiation. However, both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the maximum THz absorption of the metal films is limited to 50%. Recent experiments carried out using a series of Cr and Ni films with different thicknesses showed that absorption up to the maximum value of 50% can be obtained in a broad range of THz frequencies. A further increase in absorption requires the use of resonant structures. These metamaterial structures consist of an Al ground plane, a SiO2 dielectric layer, and a patterned Al layer. Nearly 100% absorption at a specific THz frequency is observed, which strongly depends on the structural parameters. In this paper, the progress in the use of thin metal films and metamaterial structures as THz absorbers will be described. C1 [Karunasiri, Gamani; Alves, Fabio; Grbovic, Dragoslav; Kearney, Brian] USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Karunasiri, G (reprint author), USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM karunasiri@nps.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9051-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8373 AR 837326 DI 10.1117/12.918624 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BBD50 UT WOS:000306560400063 ER PT S AU Kendziora, CA Jones, RM Furstenberg, R Papantonakis, M Nguyen, V McGill, RA AF Kendziora, C. A. Jones, Robert M. Furstenberg, Robert Papantonakis, Michael Viet Nguyen McGill, R. Andrew BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, A TI Infrared photothermal imaging for standoff detection applications SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications IV CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE explosives; stand-off detection; infrared; QCL; imaging; focal plane array; photothermal AB We are developing a technique for the stand-off detection of trace analytes and residues (explosives, hazardous chemicals, drugs, etc.) using photo-thermal infrared imaging spectroscopy (PT-IRIS). Herein, we refer to this technique as "RED" for "Remote Explosives Detection" or "Resonance Enhanced Detection". This approach leverages recent developments in critical enabling micro and nano-technology components. The first component, a compact IR quantum cascade laser (QCL), is tuned to fundamental absorption bands in the analytes and directed to illuminate a surface of interest. The second component, an IR focal plane array (FPA), is used to image the surface and detect any small increase in the thermal emission upon laser illumination. We have demonstrated the technique at up to 30 meters of stand-off distance indoors and in field tests, while operating the lasers below the eye-safe intensity limit (100 mW/cm(2)). In this manuscript we detail several recent improvements to the method and system, as well as some recent results for explosives on complex substrates such as car panels and fabrics. We also introduce a computational framework for modeling and simulating the optical and thermal phenomena associated with the photothermal process. C1 [Kendziora, C. A.; Furstenberg, Robert; Papantonakis, Michael; Viet Nguyen; McGill, R. Andrew] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kendziora, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6365,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kendzior@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9051-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8373 AR 83732H DI 10.1117/12.918594 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BBD50 UT WOS:000306560400072 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Wilcox, CC Martinez, T Andrews, JR Santiago, F Payne, DM AF Restaino, S. R. Wilcox, C. C. Martinez, T. Andrews, J. R. Santiago, F. Payne, D. M. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, A TI MEMS and LC Adaptive Optics at the Naval Research Laboratory SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications IV CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB Adaptive Optics (AO) is an ensemble of techniques that aims at the remedial of the deleterious effects that the Earth's turbulent atmosphere induces on both imagery and signal gathering in real time. It has been over four decades since the first AO system was developed and tested. During this time important technological advances have changed profoundly the way that we think and develop AO systems. The use of Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) devices and Liquid Crystal Devices (LCD) has revolutionized these technologies making possible to go from very expensive, very large and power consuming systems to very compact and inexpensive systems. These changes have rendered AO systems useful and applicable in other fields ranging from medical imaging to industry. In this paper we will review the research efforts at the Naval research Laboratory (NRL) to develop AO systems based on both MEMs and LCD in order to produce more compact and light weight AO systems. C1 [Restaino, S. R.; Wilcox, C. C.; Martinez, T.; Andrews, J. R.; Santiago, F.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Payne, D. M.] Narrascape, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9051-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8373 AR 83730R DI 10.1117/12.918586 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BBD50 UT WOS:000306560400022 ER PT S AU Wilcox, CC Jungwirth, MEL Wick, DV Baker, MS Hobart, CG Romeo, RC Martin, RN AF Wilcox, Christopher C. Jungwirth, Matthew E. L. Wick, David V. Baker, Michael S. Hobart, Clinton G. Romeo, Robert C. Martin, Robert N. BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, A TI Closed-loop performance of an actuated deformable carbon fiber reinforced polymer mirror SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications IV CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB The Naval Research Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories have been actively researching the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer material as optical elements in many optical systems. Active optical elements can be used to build an optical system capable of changing is optical zoom. We have developed a two-element optical system that uses a large diameter, thin-shelled carbon fiber reinforced polymer mirror, actuated with micro-positioning motors, and a high actuator density micro-electro-mechanical deformable mirror. Combined with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, we have optimized this actuated carbon fiber reinforced polymer deformable mirror's surface for use with a forthcoming reflective adaptive optical zoom system. In this paper, we present the preliminary results of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer deformable mirror's surface quality and the development of the actuation of it. C1 [Wilcox, Christopher C.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilcox, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7216, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.wilcox@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9051-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8373 AR 83730S DI 10.1117/12.920193 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BBD50 UT WOS:000306560400023 ER PT S AU Bachmann, CM Gray, D Abelev, A Philpot, W Montes, MJ Fusina, R Musser, J Li, RR Vermillion, M Smith, G Korwan, D Snow, C Miller, WD Gardner, J Sletten, M Georgiev, G Truitt, B Killmon, M Sellars, J Woolard, J Parrish, C Schwarzschild, A AF Bachmann, Charles M. Gray, Deric Abelev, Andrei Philpot, William Montes, Marcos J. Fusina, Robert Musser, Joseph Li, Rong-Rong Vermillion, Michael Smith, Geoffrey Korwan, Daniel Snow, Charlotte Miller, W. David Gardner, Joan Sletten, Mark Georgiev, Georgi Truitt, Barry Killmon, Marcus Sellars, Jon Woolard, Jason Parrish, Christopher Schwarzschild, Art BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Linking goniometer measurements to hyperspectral and multisensor imagery for retrieval of beach properties and coastal characterization SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; goniometer; multi-sensor; remote sensing; bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF); coast type; beaches; sand density; geotechnical; Virginia Coast Reserve ID CAMPAIGN; POROSITY AB In June 2011, a multi-sensor airborne remote sensing campaign was flown at the Virginia Coast Reserve Long Term Ecological Research(10) site with coordinated ground and water calibration and validation (cal/val) measurements. Remote sensing imagery acquired during the ten day exercise included hyperspectral imagery (CASI-1500), topographic LiDAR, and thermal infra-red imagery, all simultaneously from the same aircraft. Airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquisition for a smaller subset of sites occurred in September 2011 (VCR'11). Focus areas for VCR'11 were properties of beaches and tidal flats and barrier island vegetation and, in the water column, shallow water bathymetry. On land, cal/val emphasized tidal flat and beach grain size distributions, density, moisture content, and other geotechnical properties such as shear and bearing strength (dynamic deflection modulus), which were related to hyperspectral BRDF measurements taken with the new NRL Goniometer for Outdoor Portable Hyperspectral Earth Reflectance (GOPHER). This builds on our earlier work at this site in 2007 related to beach properties(3) and shallow water bathymetry(2). A priority for VCR'11 was to collect and model relationships between hyperspectral imagery, acquired from the aircraft at a variety of different phase angles, and geotechnical properties of beaches and tidal flats. One aspect of this effort was a demonstration that sand density differences are observable and consistent in reflectance spectra from GOPHER data, in CASI hyperspectral imagery, as well as in hyperspectral goniometer measurements conducted in our laboratory after VCR'11. C1 [Bachmann, Charles M.; Gray, Deric; Montes, Marcos J.; Fusina, Robert; Li, Rong-Rong; Smith, Geoffrey; Korwan, Daniel; Snow, Charlotte] USN, Res Lab, Coastal & Ocean Remote Sensing Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Coastal & Ocean Remote Sensing Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015; OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380; Miller, W. David/0000-0002-4940-5987; Philpot, William/0000-0002-5283-4774 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9068-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8390 AR 83901D DI 10.1117/12.918464 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD51 UT WOS:000306561700043 ER PT S AU Gillis, DB Bowles, JH AF Gillis, David B. Bowles, Jeffrey H. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Hyperspectral image segmentation using spatial-spectral graphs SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral; segmentation; classification; spatial-spectral; graph; nonlinear ID NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; CLASSIFICATION AB Spectral graph theory has proven to be a useful tool in the analysis of high-dimensional data sets. Recall that, mathematically, a graph is a collection of objects (nodes) and connections between them (edges); a weighted graph additionally assigns numerical values (weights) to the edges. Graphs are represented by their adjacency whose elements are the weights between the nodes. Spectral graph theory uses the eigendecomposition of the adjacency matrix (or, more generally, the Laplacian of the graph) to derive information about the underlying graph. In this paper, we develop a spectral method based on the 'normalized cuts' algorithm to segment hyperspectral image data (HSI). In particular, we model an image as a weighted graph whose nodes are the image pixels, and edges defined as connecting spatial neighbors; the edge weights are given by a weighted combination of the spatial and spectral distances between nodes. We then use the Laplacian of the graph to recursively segment the image. The advantages of our approach are that, first, the graph structure naturally incorporates both the spatial and spectral information present in HSI; also, by using only spatial neighbors, the adjacency matrix is highly sparse; as a result, it is possible to apply our technique to much larger images than previous techniques. In the paper, we present the details of our algorithm, and include experimental results from a variety of hyperspectral images. C1 [Gillis, David B.; Bowles, Jeffrey H.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillis, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM David.Gillis@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9068-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8390 AR 83901Q DI 10.1117/12.919743 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD51 UT WOS:000306561700055 ER PT S AU Kruse, FA AF Kruse, Fred A. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Spectral-Feature-Based Analysis of Reflectance and Emission Spectral Libraries and Imaging Spectrometer Data SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Spectral-Feature-Based Analysis; Absorption Features; Emission Features; Spectral Characterization; Spectral Identification; Imaging Spectrometry; Hyperspectral Imaging ID INFRARED MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER; HYDROTHERMALLY ALTERED ROCKS; SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; RADIOMETER ASTER; AIRBORNE; NEVADA; TEMPERATURE; CUPRITE; CALIFORNIA; SEPARATION AB This research demonstrates the application of spectral-feature-based analysis to identifying and mapping Earth-surface materials using spectral libraries and imaging spectrometer data. Feature extraction utilizing a continuum-removal and local minimum detection approach was tested for analysis of both reflectance and emissivity spectral libraries by extracting and characterizing spectral features of rocks, soils, minerals, and man-made materials. Library-derived information was then used to illustrate both reflectance- and emissivity-feature-based spectral mapping using imaging spectrometer data (AVIRIS and SEBASS). An additional spectral library of emission spectra from selected nocturnal lighting types was used to develop a database of key spectral features that allowed mapping and characterization of night lights from ProSpecTIR-VS imaging spectrometer data. Results from these case histories demonstrate that the spectral-feature-based approach can be used with either reflectance or emission spectra and applied to a wide variety of imaging spectrometer data types for extraction of key surface composition information. C1 [Kruse, Fred A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 94943 USA. RP Kruse, FA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 94943 USA. EM fakruse@nps.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9068-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8390 AR 83901F DI 10.1117/12.918233 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD51 UT WOS:000306561700044 ER PT S AU Lee, KR Olsen, RC Kruse, FA AF Lee, Krista R. Olsen, Richard C. Kruse, Fred A. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Using multi-angle WorldView-2 imagery to determine ocean depth near the island of Oahu, Hawaii SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE WorldView-2; multispectral imagery; shallow water bathymetry; depth determination; multi-angle remote sensing ID BAY AB Multispectral imaging (MSI) data acquired at different view angles provide an analyst with a unique view into shallow water. Observations from DigitalGlobe's WorldView-2 (WV-2) sensor, acquired in 39 images in one orbital pass on 30 July 2011, are being analyzed to determine bathymetry along the windward side of the Oahu coastline. Satellite azimuth and elevation range from 18.8 to 185.8 degrees, and 24.9 (forward-looking) to 24.9 (backward-looking) degrees with 90 degrees representing a nadir view (respectively). WV-2's eight multispectral bands provide depth information (especially using the Blue, Green, and Yellow bands), as well as information about bottom type and surface glint (using the Red and NIR bands). Bathymetric analyses of the optical data will be compared to LiDAR-derived bathymetry in future work. This research shows the impact of varying view angle on inferred bathymetry and discusses the differences between angle acquisitions. C1 [Lee, Krista R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lee, KR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM krlee@nps.edu RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9068-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8390 AR 83901I DI 10.1117/12.918716 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD51 UT WOS:000306561700047 ER PT S AU Mancini, S Olsen, RC Abileah, R Lee, KR AF Mancini, Steven Olsen, Richard C. Abileah, Ronald Lee, Krista R. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Automating nearshore bathymetry extraction from wave motion in satellite optical imagery SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE automated Wave Kinematics Bathymetry (WKB); WorldView-2; multispectral imagery AB Nearshore depths for Waimanalo Beach, HI, are extracted from optical imagery, taken by the WorldView-2 (WV-2) satellite on 31 March 2011, by means of automated Wave Kinematics Bathymetry (WKB). Two sets of three sequential images taken at intervals of about 10 seconds are used for the analyses herein. Water depths are calculated using a computer program that registers the images, estimates the currents, and then uses the linear dispersion relationship for surface gravity waves to estimate depth. Depths are generated from close to shore out to about 20 meters depth. Comparisons with SHOALS Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) bathymetry values show WKB depths are accurate to about half a meter, with R-2 values of 90%, and are frequently in the range of 10 to 20 percent relative error for depths ranging from 2 to 16 meters. C1 [Mancini, Steven; Olsen, Richard C.; Lee, Krista R.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mancini, S (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Way, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Steven.Mancini@nga.mil RI Olsen, Richard/O-2699-2015 OI Olsen, Richard/0000-0002-8344-9297 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9068-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8390 AR 83900P DI 10.1117/12.945940 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD51 UT WOS:000306561700022 ER PT S AU Schaum, A AF Schaum, A. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Progress in the theory of continuum fusion SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; continuum; fusion; signatures; detection; affine; GLR; parameters AB The continuum fusion (CF) methodology for producing detection algorithms is generalized to include a new class of theoretical problems not considered previously by any published methods. The current CF formalism distinguishes two types of epistemic unknowns for binary composite hypothesis (CH) testing problems. One type is associated with a target (hypothesis H-1), the other with the clutter (hypothesis H-0). Older methods, including the GLR and invariant methods, treat the two types of parameters as independent of each other. Here a new type of parameter is introduced, which is shared jointly with both hypotheses. In many common applications, this is a distinction imposed by the physical models that generate the hypothesis test. Furthermore, it is a distinction not recognized by traditional methods, but is treated naturally in the CF formalism. Examples are described where models with such shared parameters produce optimal detectors, while the older methods perform at extremely degraded levels. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Dr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9068-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8390 AR 839002 DI 10.1117/12.917737 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBD51 UT WOS:000306561700002 ER PT S AU Giachetti, RE AF Giachetti, Ronald E. BE Dagli, CH TI A Flexible Approach to Realize an Enterprise Architecture SO CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2012 CL St Louis, MO SP Missouri Univ Sci & Technol (S&T), Stevens Inst Technol, Univ So Calif (USC) DE Enterprise architecture; real options; DoDAF; system flexibility; and enterprise systems ID DECISION; OPTIONS AB A desired to-be enterprise architecture is realized through many individual projects that incrementally bring the enterprise toward the target enterprise architecture. There are many alternatives projects and the problem is how to decide among the alternatives given budget and time constraints. This paper presents a real options framework to plan a portfolio of projects to realize a target enterprise architecture. Using DoDAF, we describe a method for defining projects as a collection of compound real options. A switching model is used with Monte Carlo simulation to determine the capability phasing view of DoDAF v2.0. We present a case study of a small defense contractor to illustrate our approach. The model and method contributes a means to value a portfolio of projects to realize an enterprise architecture. The motivation for this research is the development of systems engineering tools to help the Department of Defense realize their net-centric transformation to have a more effective and efficient war-fighting capabilities. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection C1 USN, Dept Syst Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Giachetti, RE (reprint author), USN, Dept Syst Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM regiache@nps.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2012 VL 8 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2012.01.031 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BBA33 UT WOS:000306293000020 ER PT J AU Tyson, RB Friedlaender, AS Ware, C Stimpert, AK Nowacek, DP AF Tyson, Reny B. Friedlaender, Ari S. Ware, Colin Stimpert, Alison K. Nowacek, Douglas P. TI Synchronous mother and calf foraging behaviour in humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae: insights from multi-sensor suction cup tags SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Humpback whale; Mother and calf; Foraging; Synchrony; Antarctica ID SOUTHERN RIGHT WHALES; FEEDING FIN WHALES; MARINE MAMMALS; CALVES; LUNGE; DOLPHINS; ENERGETICS; BUOYANCY; PATTERNS; STRATEGIES AB Previously, all inferences regarding fine-scale baleen whale mother-calf relationships have come from surface observations, aerial surveys, or underwater video recordings. On May 19, 2010, we attached high-resolution digital acoustic recording tags (Dtags) to an adult female humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae and her calf in Wilhelmina Bay (Western Antarctic Peninsula) to examine their concurrent diving and foraging behaviour. The Dtags logged similar to 20 h of concurrent recordings. We used cross-correlation analyses to quantify synchrony between the pair. Dive depth was positively correlated for the duration of the concurrent record and was highest when the calf's track lagged behind the mother's by 4.5 s, suggesting that the calf was 'following' its mother. Pitch and heading were positively correlated but to a lesser degree. Both animals executed feeding lunges; however, the mother foraged more intensively than the calf (792 and 118 lunges over 246 and 30 feeding dives, respectively). Also, the mother fed consistently once she initiated feeding at 16:22:00 h until the tag came off, whereas the calf executed 95.76% of its lunges between 17:00:08 and 19:28:21 h, local time. Correlation coefficients calculated per dive were highest when both animals were feeding and lowest when only the mother was feeding. In addition, 84.26 and 79.63% of the calf's lunges were performed within +/- 20 s and +/- 20 m of its mother's lunges, respectively. Our work describes the first record of a long-term continuous underwater relationship and foraging behaviour of a humpback mother-calf pair. C1 [Tyson, Reny B.; Friedlaender, Ari S.; Nowacek, Douglas P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Nowacek, Douglas P.] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC USA. [Ware, Colin] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Stimpert, Alison K.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, Kailua, HI 96744 USA. [Stimpert, Alison K.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tyson, RB (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM reny.tyson@duke.edu OI Tyson, Reny/0000-0001-5541-193X FU NSF [ANT-07-39483]; [N0014091601] FX We thank J. Hench, P. Halpin, J. Goldbogen, M. Johnson, D. Cyr, D. Rubenstein, and the RVIB 'Nathaniel B. Palmer' officers, crew and marine technicians for their invaluable assistance. We also thank M. Dunphy-Daly and 3 anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on an earlier draft of this paper. This research was conducted under NMFS MMPA Permit 808-1735 and Antarctic Conservation Act Permit 2009-014, and was supported by NSF grant number ANT-07-39483. TrackPlot was developed under the Tools to Compare Diving-Animal Kinematics with Acoustic Behaviour and Exposure grant number N0014091601. NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 32 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 457 BP 209 EP 220 DI 10.3354/meps09708 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 978PB UT WOS:000306755000017 ER PT S AU Johnson, K Minor, C AF Johnson, Kevin Minor, Christian BE Braun, JJ TI Practical Considerations in Bayesian Fusion of Point Sensors SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE sensor fusion; Bayes decision theory ID DETECTION SYSTEMS AB Sensor data fusion is and has been a topic of considerable research, but rigorous and quantitative understanding of the benefits of fusing specific types of sensor data remains elusive. Often, sensor fusion is performed on an ad hoc basis with the assumption that overall detection capabilities will improve, only to discover later, after expensive and time consuming laboratory and/or field testing that little advantage was gained. The work presented here will discuss these issues with theoretical and practical considerations in the context of fusing chemical sensors with binary outputs. Results are given for the potential performance gains one could expect with such systems, as well as the practical difficulties involved in implementing an optimal Bayesian fusion strategy with realistic scenarios. Finally, a discussion of the biases that inaccurate statistical estimates introduce into the results and their consequences is presented. C1 [Johnson, Kevin] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9085-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8407 AR 84070X DI 10.1117/12.920817 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBE04 UT WOS:000306606400028 ER PT S AU Alley, D Mullen, L Laux, A AF Alley, Derek Mullen, Linda Laux, Alan BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Compact optical system for imaging underwater and through the air/sea interface SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring IV CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE air sea interface; optical; communications; imaging; underwater; 3D; AUV AB Typical line-of-sight (LOS)/monostatic optical imaging systems include a laser source and receiver that are co-located on the same platform. The performance of such systems is deteriorated in turbid ocean water due to the large amount of light that is scattered on the path to and from an object of interest. Imagery collected with the LOS/monostatic system through the air/sea interface is also distorted due to wave focusing/defocusing effects. The approach of this project is to investigate an alternate, non-line-of-sight (NLOS)/bistatic approach that offers some advantages over these traditional LOS/monostatic imaging techniques. In this NLOS system the laser and receiver are located on separate platforms with the laser located closer to the object of interest. As the laser sequentially scans the underwater object, a time-varying intensity signal corresponding to reflectivity changes in the object is detected by the distant receiver. A modulated laser illuminator is used to communicate information about the scan to the distant receiver so it can recreate the image with the collected scattered light. This NLOS/bistatic configuration also enables one to view an underwater target through the air-sea interface (transmitter below the surface and receiver above the surface) without the distortions experienced with the LOS/monostatic sensor. In this paper, we will review the results of recent laboratory water tank experiments where an underwater object was imaged with the receiver both below and above the sea surface. C1 [Alley, Derek; Mullen, Linda; Laux, Alan] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Alley, D (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, 22347 Cedar Point Rd,Bldg 2185 Suite 1100, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9050-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8372 AR 837203 DI 10.1117/12.918623 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBD52 UT WOS:000306562700002 ER PT S AU Arnone, R Derada, S Ladner, S Trees, C AF Arnone, Robert Derada, Sergio Ladner, Sherwin Trees, Charles BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Probing the subsurface ocean processes using ocean LIDARS SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring IV CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE LIDAR; Mixed Layer Depth; Optical layers; subsurface Ocean Structure; Climatology AB Subsurface profiling LIDAR systems extend our understanding of ocean processes "below" the ocean surface of SST and ocean color. Time-gated LIDAR backscattering intensity has been shown to define the bio-optical ocean layers and characterize subsurface processes. The interaction between the mixed layer depth (MLD) using vertical temperature structures and LIDAR optical layers provides a critical link between physical and bio-optical processes. We evaluated the capability of LIDAR penetration to reach the MLD on a global basis. Penetration depths of LIDAR were estimated using attenuation depths derived from global monthly ocean color averages which were assumed vertically homogenous. Climatology of LIDAR penetration depth was combined with the monthly mixed layer depth determined from the Global NCOM ocean circulation model. Global NCOM output was used to construct monthly averaged MLD climatologies from 2002 to 2010. Results show how monthly changes in MLD and LIDAR penetration depths are coupled for different regions of the global ocean. For example, the time-lag in LIDAR penetration depths is linked to shallowing of the MLD in the North Atlantic Bloom. We estimate the percentage of global ocean waters where different LIDAR system configurations can reach below the MLD. Results illustrate the potential performance of LIDAR systems to "probe" the subsurface for global waters which help in LIDAR design. Subsurface processes such as mixing and biological growth and decay have significant impact on what we observe at the ocean surface. LIDAR profiling should provide the new dimension for monitoring global ocean processes. C1 [Arnone, Robert; Derada, Sergio; Ladner, Sherwin] NRL, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Arnone, R (reprint author), NRL, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9050-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8372 AR 83720O DI 10.1117/12.921103 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBD52 UT WOS:000306562700021 ER PT S AU Arnone, R Fargion, G Martinolich, P Ladner, S Lawson, A Bowers, J Ondrusek, M Zibordi, G Lee, Z Trees, C Davis, C Ahmed, S AF Arnone, Robert Fargion, Giulietta Martinolich, Paul Ladner, Sherwin Lawson, Adam Bowers, Jennifer Ondrusek, Michael Zibordi, Giuseppe Lee, ZongPing Trees, Charles Davis, Curtiss Ahmed, Samuel BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Validation of the VIIRS Ocean Color SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring IV CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Ocean Color; VIIRS; Satellite Chlorophyll; NPP; Vicarious Calibration ID ALGORITHM AB The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) launched the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite including the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on October 28, 2011 which has the capability to monitor ocean color properties. Four months after launch, we present an initial assessment of the VIIRS ocean color products including inter-comparisons with satellite and in situ observations. Satellite ocean color is used to characterize water quality properties, however, this requires that the sensor is well characterized and calibrated, and that processing addresses atmospheric correction to derive radiometric water leaving radiance (nLw(lambda)). These radiometric properties are used to retrieve products such as chlorophyll, optical backscattering and absorption. The JPSS ocean calibration and validation program for VIIRS establishes methods and procedures to insure the accuracy of the retrieved ocean satellite products and to provide methods to improve algorithms and characterize the product uncertainty. A global monitoring network was established to integrate in situ data collection with satellite retrieved water leaving radiance values from ocean color satellites including Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and VIIRS. The global network provides a monitoring capability to evaluate the quality of the VIIRS nLw(lambda) in different areas around the world and enables an evaluation and validation of the products using in situ data and other satellites. Monitoring of ocean color satellite retrievals is performed by tracking the "gain" at the Top of the Atmosphere (TOA) and then performing a vicarious adjustment fo reach site. VIIRS ocean color products are compared with MODIS and MERIS retrieved nLw and chlorophyll, and have been shown to provide similar quality. We believe that VIIRS can provide a follow-on to MODIS and MERIS equivalent ocean color products for operational monitoring of water quality. Additional research, including an assessment of stability, a full characterization of the sensor and algorithm comparisons is underway. Weekly sensor calibration tables (look up tables) are produced by JPSS and an evaluation of their impact on ocean color products is ongoing. C1 [Arnone, Robert; Ladner, Sherwin; Lawson, Adam] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Arnone, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010 OI Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9050-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8372 AR 83720G DI 10.1117/12.922949 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBD52 UT WOS:000306562700014 ER PT S AU Cochenour, B Mullen, L Muth, J AF Cochenour, Brandon Mullen, Linda Muth, John BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI A modulated pulse laser for underwater detection, ranging, imaging, and communications SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring IV CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE LIDAR; Underwater; Scattering; Modulation; Pseudorandom Coding; Communications; Imaging; Ranging; Detection ID TARGET DETECTION; SEA-WATER; SYSTEMS; RADAR; PROPAGATION; ENHANCEMENT; FREQUENCY; IMAGER; LIGHT AB A new, modulated-pulse, technique is currently being investigated for underwater laser detection, ranging, imaging, and communications. This technique represents a unique marriage of pulsed and intensity modulated sources. For detection, ranging, and imaging, the source can be configured to transmit a variety of intensity modulated waveforms, from single-tone to pseudorandom code. The utility of such waveforms in turbid underwater environments in the presence of backscatter is investigated in this work. The modulated pulse laser may also find utility in underwater laser communication links. In addition to flexibility in modulation format additional variable parameters, such as macro-pulse width and macro-pulse repetition rate, provide a link designer with additional methods of optimizing links based on the bandwidth, power, range, etc. needed for the application. Initial laboratory experiments in simulated ocean waters are presented. C1 [Cochenour, Brandon; Mullen, Linda] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Cochenour, B (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. EM brandon.cochenour@navy.mil NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9050-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8372 AR 83720S DI 10.1117/12.918711 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBD52 UT WOS:000306562700024 ER PT S AU Hou, WL Jarosz, E Dalgleish, F Nootz, G Woods, S Weidemann, AD Goode, W Vuorenkoski, A Metzger, B Ramos, B AF Hou, Weilin Jarosz, Ewa Dalgleish, Fraser Nootz, Gero Woods, Sarah Weidemann, Alan D. Goode, Wesley Vuorenkoski, Anni Metzger, B. Ramos, B. BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Bahamas Optical Turbulence Exercise (BOTEX): Preliminary Results SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring IV CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID POLARIZATION; ATMOSPHERE; VISIBILITY AB The Bahamas Optical Turbulence Exercise (BOTEX) was conducted in the coastal waters of Florida and the Bahamas from June 30 to July 12 2011, onboard the R/V FG Walton Smith. The primary objective of the BOTEX was to obtain field measurements of optical turbulence structures, in order to investigate the impacts of the naturally occurring turbulence on underwater imaging and optical beam propagation. In order to successfully image through optical turbulence structures in the water and examine their impacts on optical transmission, a high speed camera and targets (both active and passive) were mounted on a rigid frame to form the Image Measurement Assembly for Subsurface Turbulence (IMAST). To investigate the impacts on active imaging systems such as the laser line scan (LLS), the Telescoping Rigid Underwater Sensor Structure (TRUSS) was designed and implemented by Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. The experiments were designed to determine the resolution limits of LLS systems as a function of turbulence induced beam wander at the target. The impact of natural turbulence structures on lidar backscatter waveforms was also examined, by means of a telescopic receiver and a short pulse transmitter, co-located, on a vertical profiling frame. To include a wide range of water types in terms of optical and physical conditions, data was collected from four different locations.. Impacts from optical turbulence were observed under both strong and weak physical structures. Turbulence measurements were made by two instruments, the Vertical Microstructure Profiler (VMP) and a 3D acoustical Doppler velocimeter with fast conductivity and temperature probes, in close proximity in the field. Subsequently these were mounted on the IMAST during moored deployments. The turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate and the temperature dissipation rates were calculated from both setups in order to characterize the physical environments and their impacts. Beam deflection by multiple point patterns are examined, using high speed camera recordings (300 to 1200 fps), in association with measured turbulence structures. Initial results confirmed our hypothesis that turbulence impacted optical transmissions. They also showed that more research will be needed to better quantify and mitigate such effects, especially for the U.S. Navy's next generation EO systems, including active imaging, lidar and optical communications. C1 [Hou, Weilin; Jarosz, Ewa; Weidemann, Alan D.; Goode, Wesley] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hou, WL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9050-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8372 AR 837206 DI 10.1117/12.920740 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBD52 UT WOS:000306562700005 ER PT S AU Judd, KP Savelyev, IB Smith, GB Marmorino, G AF Judd, K. Peter Savelyev, Ivan B. Smith, Geoffrey B. Marmorino, George BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI The Spatial and Temporal Structure of Thermal Fluctuations Associated with a Vertical Turbulent Jet Impinging a Water Surface: Laboratory Experiments and Field Observations SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring IV CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Infrared imagery; turbulent jet; surface thermal field; cooling water; plume; impinging AB Infrared imaging, in both laboratory and field settings, has become a vital tool in diagnosing near-surface thermal-hydrodynamic phenomena such as convective cells, accumulation of surfactant, and coherent turbulent structures. In this presentation, we initially focus on a laboratory scale (0.01-1m) subsurface vertical turbulent water jet that serves as a canonical flow. The jet has a slightly elevated temperature thus the warmer fluid serves as a passive marker. Infrared image sequences of the surface thermal field were collected for various water jet flow rates and for both "clean" and surfactant-contaminated surface conditions. Turbulent characteristics of the near-surface flow field were measured by means of Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV), and these are used to examine the statistical nature of the coupled thermal-hydrodynamic field. An analog of the laboratory jet is the discharge of power-plant cooling water through a vertical pipe on the ocean floor. High-resolution airborne infrared imagery has recently been acquired of such a discharge (from the Huntington Beach Generating Station, CA), and these data are compared with the laboratory results in an attempt to understand striking spatial patterns discovered on the ocean surface. C1 [Judd, K. Peter; Savelyev, Ivan B.; Smith, Geoffrey B.; Marmorino, George] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Judd, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9050-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8372 AR 837208 DI 10.1117/12.919242 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBD52 UT WOS:000306562700007 ER PT S AU Ladner, SD Arnone, R Jolliff, J Casey, B Matulewski, K AF Ladner, S. D. Arnone, R. Jolliff, J. Casey, B. Matulewski, K. BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Forecasting the Ocean Optical Environment in Support of Navy Mine Warfare Operations SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring IV CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Ocean; Optics; Forecast; MCM; Mine Warfare; System Performance; Glider AB A 3D ocean optical forecast system called TODS (Tactical Ocean Data System) has been developed to determine the performance of underwater LIDAR detection/identification systems. TODS fuses optical measurements from gliders, surface satellite optical properties, and 3D ocean forecast circulation models to extend the 2-dimensional surface satellite optics into a 3-dimensional optical volume including subsurface optical layers of beam attenuation coefficient (c) and diver visibility. Optical 3D nowcast and forecasts are combined with electro-optical identification (EOID) models to determine the underwater LIDAR imaging performance field used to identify subsurface mine threats in rapidly changing coastal regions. TODS was validated during a recent mine warfare exercise with Helicopter Mine Countermeasures Squadron (HM-14). Results include the uncertainties in the optical forecast and lidar performance and sensor tow height predictions that are based on visual detection and identification metrics using actual mine target images from the EOID system. TODS is a new capability of coupling the 3D optical environment and EOID system performance and is proving important for the MIW community as both a tactical decision aid and for use in operational planning, improving timeliness and efficiency in clearance operations. C1 [Ladner, S. D.; Arnone, R.; Jolliff, J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ladner, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9050-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8372 AR 83720Z DI 10.1117/12.920784 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBD52 UT WOS:000306562700027 ER PT S AU Laux, A Mullen, L Perez, P Zege, E AF Laux, Alan Mullen, Linda Perez, Paul Zege, Eleonora BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Underwater laser range finder SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring IV CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE underwater; laser; modulation; range ID SEA-WATER; FREQUENCY; IMAGER AB The conventional method used to detect the range to an underwater object is by sending and receiving some form of acoustic energy. However, acoustic systems have limitations in the range resolution and accuracy they can provide under certain conditions. The potential benefits of a laser-based range finder include high-directionality and covertness, speed of response, and the potential for high-precision, range accuracy. These benefits have been exploited in the above-water environment where kilometer propagation ranges are achieved with sub-meter range precision. The challenge in using optical techniques in the underwater environment is overcoming the exponential loss due to scattering and absorption. While absorption extinguishes photons, scattering redistributes the light and produces a 'clutter' signal component from the surrounding water environment. Optical modulation techniques using compact laser diode sources are being investigated to help suppress this 'clutter' and provide accurate target range information in a wide range of underwater environments. To complement the experimental efforts, a theoretical model has been developed to help optimize the system parameters and test the performance of various configurations as a function of different water optical properties. Results from laboratory water tank experiments will be discussed and compared with model predictions. C1 [Laux, Alan; Mullen, Linda] USN, Air Syst Command, NAVAIR, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Laux, A (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, NAVAIR, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9050-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8372 AR 83721B DI 10.1117/12.919280 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBD52 UT WOS:000306562700037 ER PT S AU McBride, W Weidemann, A Mullen, L Laux, A Alley, D AF McBride, Walton Weidemann, Alan Mullen, Linda Laux, Alan Alley, Derek BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Scattered Photons as Useable Signal for Underwater Imaging SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring IV CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE imaging; underwater; AUV; scatter ID WATERS; LIGHT AB The orthodox approach to designing an underwater imaging system with artificial illumination has been to consider only the unscattered target photons as useable signal while looking at scattered photons as a nuisance to be mitigated. Photons scattered from the target towards the receiver cause blurring of fine target details in the collected imagery, while photons backscattered by the water column as the artificial source illuminates the target act as a veiling luminance that reduces overall image contrast. Typical performance for the Laser Line Scanner and Pulsed Range-Gated imagers can reach up to 6 attenuation lengths, which can still represent very short ranges in the turbid waters of coastal regions. In the early 1970's, with the goal of extending these performance ranges, the Visibility Laboratory explored an unconventional concept that was called imagery by means of Time Varying Intensity (TVI). TVI uses both scattered and unscattered photons from the laser-scanned target as useable signal. This novel approach enabled high-quality imagery to be collected over 20 attenuation lengths between the target and receiver. Although this system was eventually shelved, it has been resurrected by using a modulated laser illuminator to communicate critical information about the laser scan to a distant receiver via both the scattered and unscattered photons. With this knowledge, a high-fidelity image of target detail can then be recreated. In this paper, a real-time interactive simulation of TVI's expected imaging performance is presented and model predictions are compared with experimental imagery acquired when laser and receiver are both located underwater. C1 [McBride, Walton; Weidemann, Alan] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP McBride, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7333,1009 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM walton.mcbride@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9050-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8372 AR 837204 DI 10.1117/12.920469 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBD52 UT WOS:000306562700003 ER PT S AU McKenzie, B May, D Cayula, JF Willis, K AF McKenzie, Bruce May, Doug Cayula, Jean-Francois Willis, Keith BE Hou, WW Arnone, R TI Initial results of NPP VIIRS SST processing at NAVOCEANO SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring IV CY APR 24-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE NPP; VIIRS; SST; GRAVITE; NAVOCEANO AB The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite was placed in orbit October 28, 2011, and began providing advanced imaging and radiometric data from the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) in December 2011. The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) is processing the VIIRS data as part of the generation of sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals for ingest by Navy meteorological and oceanographic analyses and models. This new sensor has an increased number of channels, higher resolution, and larger volume than previous operational polar-orbiting environmental satellites. In order to prepare for processing this new data, a proxy datastream was generated by the Government Resource for Algorithm Verification, Independent Testing, and Evaluation (GRAVITE) from Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and provided in near real-time. This allowed for NAVOCEANO to write software to ingest, process, and deliver SST products before the actual data began flowing. A discussion of these preparatory activities and the initial results of processing VIIRS SSTs will be presented, including global drifting buoy matchup statistics. C1 [McKenzie, Bruce; May, Doug; Willis, Keith] USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP McKenzie, B (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. EM bruce.mckenzie@navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9050-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8372 AR 83720H DI 10.1117/12.922955 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBD52 UT WOS:000306562700015 ER PT J AU Reed, CL Nyberg, AA Grubb, JD AF Reed, Catherine L. Nyberg, Andrew A. Grubb, Jefferson D. TI Contributions of visual and embodied expertise to body perception SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Article DE visual expertise; embodiment; body perception; inversion effect; con figural processing ID OTHER-RACE FACES; HUMAN BODIES; OWN-RACE; RECOGNITION; STIMULI; PEOPLE; OBJECT AB Recent research has demonstrated that our perception of the human body differs from that of inanimate objects. This study investigated whether the visual perception of the human body differs from that of other animate bodies and, if so, whether that difference could be attributed to visual experience and/or embodied experience. To dissociate differential effects of these two types of expertise, inversion effects (recognition of inverted stimuli is slower and less accurate than recognition of upright stimuli) were compared for two types of bodies in postures that varied in typicality: humans in human postures (human-typical), humans in dog postures (human-atypical), dogs in dog postures (dog-typical), and dogs in human postures (dog-atypical). Inversion disrupts global configural processing. Relative changes in the size and presence of inversion effects reflect changes in visual processing. Both visual and embodiment expertise predict larger inversion effects for human over dog postures because we see humans more and we have experience producing human postures. However, our design that crosses body type and typicality leads to distinct predictions for visual and embodied experience. Visual expertise predicts an interaction between typicality and orientation: greater inversion effects should be found for typical over atypical postures regardless of body type. Alternatively, embodiment expertise predicts a body, typicality, and orientation interaction: larger inversion effects should be found for all human postures but only for atypical dog postures because humans can map their bodily experience onto these postures. Accuracy data supported embodiment expertise with the three-way interaction. However, response-time data supported contributions of visual expertise with larger inversion effects for typical over atypical postures. Thus, both types of expertise affect the visual perception of bodies. C1 [Reed, Catherine L.] Claremont Grad Univ, Claremont Mckenna Coll, Dept Psychol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Reed, Catherine L.; Nyberg, Andrew A.; Grubb, Jefferson D.] Univ Denver, Dept Psychol, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Grubb, Jefferson D.] USN, Naval Operat Med Inst, Biostat Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Reed, CL (reprint author), Claremont Grad Univ, Claremont Mckenna Coll, Dept Psychol, 850 Columbia Ave, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM clreed@cmc.edu NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 2012 VL 41 IS 4 BP 436 EP 446 DI 10.1068/p7029 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA 978CS UT WOS:000306718700005 PM 22896916 ER PT S AU Namkung, J Schwartz, A AF Namkung, Juock Schwartz, Andy BE Kazemi, AA Javahiraly, N Panahi, AS Thibault, S Kress, BC TI Optical fiber sensing of corroded materials with evanescent wave absorption measurements SO PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS FOR AEROSPACE, TRANSPORTATION, AND HARSH ENVIRONMENT III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Applications for Aerospace, Transportation, and Harsh Environment III CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Optical fiber; Optical fiber sensing; Corrosion sensing; Remote sensing; Evanescent wave; Health monitoring; Non destructive evaluation; Chemical sensing AB This research effort is to demonstrate a remote sensing method using optical fibers with a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) interferometer as an evanescent wave spectroscopic technique. In addition to the usual advantages of optical fiber sensors, such as small size and weight, optical fibers can be embedded in aircraft structures in locations where humidity and corrosion can accumulate but cannot be directly observed. A fiber-optic-FTIR experimental setup, including several samples of field corroded materials, has been assembled to spectrally detect Aluminum Hydroxide [Al(OH)(3)] which is one of the major components of aluminum corrosion. Absorption spectra of Al(OH)(3) have been collected using an Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) crystal as a reference spectral signature. The absorption spectra of samples from a simulated corrosion process and from the field corroded structures have been collected and compared with the reference Al(OH)(3) spectra. Chalcogenide optical fibers are used for remote sensing purposes to detect corrosion. Two distinctive absorption peaks, attributable to aluminum hydroxide, are noticed from the simulated corrosion and from the field corroded structures. C1 [Namkung, Juock; Schwartz, Andy] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Namkung, J (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9046-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8368 AR 83680S DI 10.1117/12.922820 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BBE35 UT WOS:000306643500026 ER PT J AU Amezcua, J Ide, K Bishop, CH Kalnay, E AF Amezcua, Javier Ide, Kayo Bishop, Craig H. Kalnay, Eugenia TI Ensemble clustering in deterministic ensemble Kalman filters SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE non-linear models; ensemble square root filters; non-Gaussianity ID SQUARE-ROOT FILTERS; EFFICIENT DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL AB Ensemble clustering (EC) can arise in data assimilation with ensemble square root filters (EnSRFs) using non-linear models: an M-member ensemble splits into a single outlier and a cluster of M-1 members. The stochastic Ensemble Kalman Filter does not present this problem. Modifications to the EnSRFs by a periodic resampling of the ensemble through random rotations have been proposed to address it. We introduce a metric to quantify the presence of EC and present evidence to dispel the notion that EC leads to filter failure. Starting from a univariate model, we show that EC is not a permanent but transient phenomenon; it occurs intermittently in non-linear models. We perform a series of data assimilation experiments using a standard EnSRF and a modified EnSRF by a resampling though random rotations. The modified EnSRF thus alleviates issues associated with EC at the cost of traceability of individual ensemble trajectories and cannot use some of algorithms that enhance performance of standard EnSRF. In the non-linear regimes of low-dimensional models, the analysis root mean square error of the standard EnSRF slowly grows with ensemble size if the size is larger than the dimension of the model state. However, we do not observe this problem in a more complex model that uses an ensemble size much smaller than the dimension of the model state, along with inflation and localisation. Overall, we find that transient EC does not handicap the performance of the standard EnSRF. C1 [Amezcua, Javier; Ide, Kayo; Kalnay, Eugenia] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ide, Kayo; Kalnay, Eugenia] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ide, Kayo; Kalnay, Eugenia] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ide, Kayo] Univ Maryland, Ctr Sci Computat & Math Modeling, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bishop, Craig H.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Amezcua, J (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. EM jamezcua@atmos.umd.edu OI Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906 FU NASA [NNX07AM97G, NNX08AD40G]; DOE [DEFG0207ER64437]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310178]; ONR [N000140910418, N000141010557]; Office of Naval Research grant [0602435N, N0001411WX20871] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their positive and constructive comments and suggestions that helped improve the quality of the manuscript. The support of NASA grants NNX07AM97G and NNX08AD40G, DOE grant DEFG0207ER64437, NOAA grant NA09OAR4310178 and ONR grants N000140910418 and N000141010557 are gratefully acknowledged. Craig H. Bishop acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research grant with project element number 0602435N and document number N0001411WX20871. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2012 VL 64 AR 18039 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18039 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 977WH UT WOS:000306695000001 ER PT S AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R. Roland, C. M. BE DAmore, A Grassia, L Acierno, D TI Elastomeric Polyurea Nanocomposites SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Times of Polymers (TOP) and Composites CY JUN 10-14, 2012 CL Ischia, ITALY SP Reg Campania - Competence Ctr New Techol (CRdC), Italian Technol Dist Mat & Struct (IMAST), Italian Assoc Mat Engn (AIMAT), Italian Inst Mat Sci & Technol (INSTM), Sigma-Aldrich, Zwick Roell, TA Instruments, Second Univ Naples (SUN), Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Mat & Prod Engn DE Polyurea; nanocomposites; carbon nanotubes; POSS; nanoclay ID THIN POLYMER-FILMS; GLASS-TRANSITION; RUBBER/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DYNAMICS; COMPOSITES; NANOTUBE; COATINGS AB The effect of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), nano-layered silicate (nanoclay), and trisilanolphenyl-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) on the rheology and mechanical properties of an oligomeric polydiamine and the polyurea formed by its reaction with isocyanate were measured. The MWCNT and nanoclay increase the viscosity of the polydiamine and form a flocculated filler network at very low concentrations (< 1%). This network imparts a strong strain-dependence to the dynamic modulus. These effects are absent with POSS, which primarily affects the polyurea chemistry. The tensile modulus of the cured polyurea is higher for all three additives, and using POSS significantly tougher material can be obtained, provided adjustments to the stoichiometry are made. C1 [Casalini, R.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1062-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1459 BP 71 EP 73 DI 10.1063/1.4738401 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Composites; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA BBG01 UT WOS:000306738500022 ER PT J AU Khemlani, S Orenes, I Johnson-Laird, PN AF Khemlani, Sangeet Orenes, Isabel Johnson-Laird, P. N. TI Negation: A theory of its meaning, representation, and use SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Negation; Falsity; Mental models; Comprehension; Representation; Reasoning; Pragmatics ID GRAMMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS; SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; MENTAL MODELS; CONDITIONALS; VERIFICATION; PRAGMATICS; CHILDREN; PRESUPPOSITION; AFFIRMATION; INFORMATION AB This article presents a model-based theory of what negation means, how it is mentally represented, and how it is understood. The theory postulates that negation takes a single argument that refers to a set of possibilities and returns the complement of that set. Individuals therefore tend to assign a small scope to negation in order to minimize the number of models of possibilities that they have to consider. Individuals untrained in logic do not know the possibilities corresponding to the negation of compound assertions formed with if, or, and and, and have to infer the possibilities one by one. It follows that negations are easier to understand, and to formulate, when individuals already have in mind the possibilities to be negated. The paper shows that the evidence, including the results of recent studies, corroborates the theory. C1 [Khemlani, Sangeet] USN, Res Lab, Intelligent Syst Sect, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Orenes, Isabel] Univ La Laguna, Dept Psicol Cognitiva, Tenerife, Spain. [Johnson-Laird, P. N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Psychol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Khemlani, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Intelligent Syst Sect, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Code 5515,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM skhemlani@gmail.com NR 106 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 2044-5911 J9 J COGN PSYCHOL JI J. Cogn. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 5 BP 541 EP 559 DI 10.1080/20445911.2012.660913 PG 19 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 975RA UT WOS:000306527400004 ER PT J AU Demchak, CC AF Demchak, Chris C. TI Resilience and Cyberspace: Recognizing the Challenges of a Global Socio-Cyber Infrastructure (GSCI) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE POLICY ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID REDUNDANCY AB Cyberspace as a system has expanded exponentially across the globe as a massively complex universal substrate. It now demonstrates the surprises of large-scale socio-technical systems from electrical grids to just-in-time manufacturing supply chains, all of which increasingly support or are supported by cyberspace. These deeply linked, large-scale socio-technical systems (STSs) are creating nationally and globally interdependent "socio-cyber'' systems (SCSs) by using cyberspace to improve efficiencies and lower costs. No longer can one assume a national infrastructure to be resilient when it is vulnerable to the four cumulating layers of surprises coming from a global socio-cyber infrastructure (GSCI). Critical research questions are posed for each of these layers of surprise as necessary for understanding conceptually and institutionally how to ensure resilience in any emergent GSCI that is fundamental to global security. C1 USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dept, Ctr Cyber Conflict Studies, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Demchak, CC (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Strateg Res Dept, Ctr Cyber Conflict Studies, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM chris.demchak@usnwc.edu NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6988 EI 1572-5448 J9 J COMP POLICY ANAL JI J. Comp. Policy Anal. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 3 SI SI BP 254 EP 269 DI 10.1080/13876988.2012.687619 PG 16 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 974TC UT WOS:000306458900006 ER PT J AU Roberts, N AF Roberts, Nancy TI A Revolution in Military Adaptation: The US Army in the Iraq War SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE POLICY ANALYSIS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Roberts, Nancy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Anal Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Roberts, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Anal Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nroberts@nps.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1387-6988 J9 J COMP POLICY ANAL JI J. Comp. Policy Anal. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 3 SI SI BP 270 EP 271 DI 10.1080/13876988.2012.687624 PG 2 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 974TC UT WOS:000306458900007 ER PT J AU Singer, IL Hsieh, PY Weimer, JJ Boyer, CN Veracka, MJ AF Singer, Irwin L. Hsieh, Peter Y. Weimer, Jeffrey J. Boyer, Craig N. Veracka, Michael J. TI Application of High-Speed Video and Spectroscopy to Railgun Development SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Tube M3 Symposium CY JUL, 2010 CL Aberdeen, MD DE Armatures; Copper; Lubrication; Optical spectroscopy; Projectile; PTFE; Railgun; Videography AB High-speed video and optical spectroscopy have been used to monitor and account for the improved performance of a solid lubricating interfacial compound (SLIC) treatment of Cu armatures and Cu rails in a subsonic railgun. Videos were taken at 68k frames per second both down bore (breech view) and along the exit path of the gun (muzzle view). A spectrometer collected data at 1 spectrum per ms outside the muzzle. Armatures were made by threading Cu or Cu-clad Al staples through a Delrin projectile. The SLIC treatment consisted of rubbing staples and rails with a fiberglass-reinforced PTFE (Rulon). Untreated staples and rails were susceptible to both arcing and subsequent light emissions, with light emission lasting much longer than coincident voltage spikes in muzzle voltage traces. SLIC-treated staples and rails showed significantly less light emissions, which allowed for real time, laser spot tracking of projectile motion. Image analysis showed that projectiles were accelerated at 10-14 kGees within 1 ms to final speeds around 130 +/- 10 m/s. These speeds were consistent with exit speeds measured by a dual laser-beam speed detector. Cu staples exited the muzzle with only a small amount of light emission, whereas Al and Cu-clad Al staples produced an extended trail of light. Spectroscopic analysis identified atomic and ionic excitations of Cu and later molecular CuO with both Cu and Cu-clad Al staples. Molecular H-2 lines were also detected, suggesting burning of Delrin. Spectroscopy identified the extended trail from Cu-clad Al staples to be AlO vapors from molten Al particles. C1 [Singer, Irwin L.; Boyer, Craig N.; Veracka, Michael J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hsieh, Peter Y.] NSWC, Dahlgren, VA USA. [Weimer, Jeffrey J.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, VA USA. RP Singer, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM singertriboscience@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research; NSF-NCS Fellowship; American Society for Engineering Education FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for funding the study. The work of Peter Y. Hsieh was supported by an NSF-NCS Fellowship. The work of Jeffrey J. Weimer was supported in part by ONR (Sabbatical Leave) and in part by the American Society for Engineering Education Summer Fellowship Program. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 EI 1532-2475 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 8 SI SI BP 846 EP 851 DI 10.1080/10426914.2012.675534 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 975QH UT WOS:000306525400009 ER PT J AU Hermanson, M Conolly, P Vezina, W AF Hermanson, Michael Conolly, Paul Vezina, William TI Development of Technologies to Apply Refractory Metals to Large Caliber Gun Bores SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Tube M3 Symposium CY JUL, 2010 CL Aberdeen, MD DE Cladding; Coatings; Erosion; Gun barrel; Technology; Testing; Thermochemical; Wear AB To increase the service life of large caliber naval guns, several technologies were evaluated by the Office of Naval Research for their ability to apply a refractory metal bore surface that would survive the severe thermal, chemical and mechanical environment. These technologies were evaluated using gun firing tests designed to produce a bore surface condition that replicated the intended application. Tests were conducted in 45 mm, 76 mm and 155 mm scale with rapid fire conditions evaluated at both 76 mm and 155 mm scale. Where possible the results have been compared to a chrome plated sample subjected to the same firing conditions. C1 [Hermanson, Michael; Vezina, William] BAE Syst Inc, US Combat Syst, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Conolly, Paul] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Hermanson, M (reprint author), BAE Syst Inc, US Combat Syst, Minneapolis, MN USA. EM michael.hermanson@baesystems.com NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 EI 1532-2475 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 2012 VL 27 IS 8 SI SI BP 892 EP 899 DI 10.1080/10426914.2011.648701 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 975QH UT WOS:000306525400017 ER PT S AU Meyer, DJ Katzer, DS Bass, R Garces, NY Ancona, MG Deen, DA Storm, DF Binari, SC AF Meyer, D. J. Katzer, D. S. Bass, R. Garces, N. Y. Ancona, M. G. Deen, D. A. Storm, D. F. Binari, S. C. BE Parbrook, PJ Martin, RW Halsall, MP TI N-polar n(+) GaN cap development for low ohmic contact resistance to inverted HEMTs SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 9, NO 3-4 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS) CY JUL 10-15, 2011 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP AIXTRON, AkzoNobel, LG Elect, OSRAM Opto Semicond, CREE, LAYTEC In-situ Sensors, Philips Lumileds, Veeco, Glengoyne DE non-alloyed; ultra-low contact resistance; MIS; ALD AB This study investigates the development and application of Si-doped N-polar n(+) GaN capping layers used for the reduction of ohmic contact and access resistances in inverted HEMTs. By applying an optimized n(+) GaN capping layer to a standard undoped inverted HEMT, we find that non-alloyed Ti/Al/Ni/Au contacts demonstrate a very low ohmic contact resistance of 80 Omega-mu m. To eliminate the n(+) GaN shunting pathway in HEMT devices, we have used e-beam lithography and dry etching to define windows that establish an effective source-drain spacing. 0.3 mu m gate-length inverted HEMTs with n(+) GaN caps and 1 mu m effective source-drain spacing were found to have a high maximum current density of 1.94 A/mm and an extrinsic transconductance of 335 mS/mm. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Meyer, D. J.; Katzer, D. S.; Bass, R.; Garces, N. Y.; Ancona, M. G.; Deen, D. A.; Storm, D. F.; Binari, S. C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meyer, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.meyer@nrl.navy.mil RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2012 VL 9 IS 3-4 BP 894 EP 897 DI 10.1002/pssc.201100431 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Physics GA BBD39 UT WOS:000306521600120 ER PT J AU Heverin, T Zach, L AF Heverin, Thomas Zach, Lisl BE Hagar, C TI Law enforcement agency adoption and use of Twitter as a crisis communication tool SO CRISIS INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGIES SE Chandos Information Professional Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE crisis informatics; crisis communications; technology adoption ID E-GOVERNMENT; POLICE; SYSTEMS; MODEL; NEWS AB This chapter describes the results of a research study investigating the adoption and use of Twitter as a crisis communication tool by law enforcement agencies from large US cities (cities with populations greater than 300,000). The study consisted of two parts - an analysis of Twitter use based on publicly available posts authored by 30 law enforcement agencies that have active Twitter accounts and an analysis of data collected through 17 semi-structured interviews with law enforcement public information officers and public media specialists. C1 [Heverin, Thomas; Zach, Lisl] iSch Drexel, Philadelphia, PA 19101 USA. [Heverin, Thomas] USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Heverin, T (reprint author), iSch Drexel, Philadelphia, PA 19101 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHANDOS PUBL PI SAWSTON PA 80 HIGH ST, SAWSTON, CAMBRIDGE CB22 3HJ, ENGLAND BN 978 1 84334 647 0 J9 CHANDOS INF PROF SER PY 2012 BP 25 EP 42 D2 10.1533/9781780632872 PG 18 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BYV71 UT WOS:000300620000003 ER PT S AU Suiter, HR AF Suiter, Harold R. BE Broach, JT Holloway, JH TI Correction of underwater pincushion distortion by a compensating camera lens SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Snell's law; underwater windows; barrel distortion; image transformations AB When using flat windows between an air medium and one with higher index of refraction, the surface becomes optically active and a number of aberrations are induced. One affecting the optical control of a remotely-piloted underwater vehicle is the apparent pincushion distortion resulting from Snell's law at the interface. Small wide-angle lenses typically have the opposite problem, a barrel distortion caused by limitations in the number of lens surfaces and the constraints of cost. An experimental calibration is described in which the barrel distortion of the lens compensated for most of the inherent pincushion of the change in medium. ZEMAX (TM) models will be used to elucidate this phenomenon with a published lens design.* With careful selection of the lens and additional corrector, the resultant image can be made almost rectilinear, thus easing steering control and automatic target recognition. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Suiter, HR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City Div, Code X12, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9035-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8357 AR 83571R DI 10.1117/12.920292 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW87 UT WOS:000305841400056 ER PT S AU Flenner, A Flenner, J Bobinchak, J Mercier, D Le, A Estabridis, K Hewer, G AF Flenner, Arjuna Flenner, Jennifer Bobinchak, James Mercier, David Le, Anhtuan Estabridis, Katia Hewer, Gary BE Pham, T TI Levy Walks for Autonomous Search SO GROUND/AIR MULTISENSOR INTEROPERABILITY, INTEGRATION, AND NETWORKING FOR PERSISTENT ISR III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration and Networking for Persistent ISR III CY APR 23-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Levy search; random search; unmanned vehicles AB A canonical problem for autonomy is search and discovery. Often, searching needs to be unpredictable in order to be effective. In this paper, we investigate and compare the effectiveness of the traditional and predictable lawnmower search strategy to that of a random search. Specifically the family of searches with paths determined by heavy tailed distributions called Levy stable searches is investigated. These searches are characterized by long flight paths, followed by a new random direction, with the flight path lengths determined by the distribution parameter a. Two basic search scenarios are considered in this study: stationary targets, and moving targets, both on planar surfaces. Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrate the advantages of Levy over the lawnmower strategy especially for moving targets. Ultimately to corroborate the suitability of the Levy strategy for UAVs, we implement and demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm in the Multiple Unified Simulation Environment (MUSE), which includes vehicle's constraints and dynamics. The MUSE/Air Force Synthetic Environment for Reconnaissance and Surveillance (AFSERS) simulation system is the primary virtual ISR and UAV simulation within DOD for command and staff level training for the Joint Services. C1 [Flenner, Arjuna; Flenner, Jennifer; Bobinchak, James; Mercier, David; Le, Anhtuan; Estabridis, Katia; Hewer, Gary] USN, Air Weap Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Flenner, A (reprint author), USN, Air Weap Ctr, 1900 N Knox Rd,Stop 6302, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM arjuna.flenner@navy.mil; katia.estabridis@navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9067-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8389 AR 83890Z DI 10.1117/12.918719 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX10 UT WOS:000305907100023 ER PT S AU Schoenecker, S Willett, P Bar-Shalom, Y AF Schoenecker, Steven Willett, Peter Bar-Shalom, Yaakov BE Drummond, OE Teichgraeber, RD TI Maximum Likelihood Probabilistic Data Association (ML-PDA) Tracker Implemented in Delay-Bearing Space Applied to Multistatic Sonar Data Sets SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY APR 25-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE ML-PDA; ML-PMHT; Multistatic; Bistatic Active Sonar; Target Tracking; Expectation Maximization; EM AB The Maximum Likelihood Probabilistic Data Association (ML-PDA) tracker is an algorithm that has been shown to work well against low-SNR targets in an active multistatic framework with multiple transmitters and multiple receivers. In this framework, measurements are usually received in time-bearing space. Prior work on ML-PDA implemented the algorithm in Cartesian measurement space - this involved converting the measurements and their associated covariances to (x, y) coordinates. The assumption was made that Gaussian measurement error distributions in time-bearing space could be reasonably approximated by transformed Gaussian error distributions in Cartesian space. However, for data with large measurement azimuthal uncertainties, this becomes a poor assumption. This work compares results from a previous study that applied ML-PDA in a Cartesian implementation to the Metron 2009 simulated dataset against ML-PDA applied to the same dataset but with the algorithm implemented in time-bearing space. In addition to the Metron dataset, a multistatic Monte Carlo simulator is used to create data with properties similar to that in the Metron dataset to statistically quantify the performance difference of ML-PDA operating in Cartesian measurement space against that of ML-PDA operating in time-bearing space. C1 [Schoenecker, Steven] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Schoenecker, S (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM steven.schoenecker@navy.mil; willett@engr.uconn.edu; ybs@engr.uconn.edu OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9071-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8393 AR 83930J DI 10.1117/12.918235 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAZ40 UT WOS:000306173900016 ER PT J AU Christensen, C Joyner, D Torres, J AF Christensen, Chris Joyner, David Torres, Jenna TI Lester Hill's Error-Detecting Codes SO CRYPTOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE David Kahn collection; error-correcting codes; error-detecting codes; Lester S. Hill ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; COMMUNICATION AB Lester S. Hill, who is known for the polygraphic cipher that he published in 1929, published three papers about error-detecting codes in 1926 and 1927, and he and Louis Weisner submitted a patent application for an error-detection machine in 1929. Hill's error-detection schemes of the 1920s were based upon number theory and matrix multiplication, and one of Hill's error-detecting codes essentially includes the encoding method for linear error-correcting codes, which was developed two decades later by Richard Hamming. C1 [Christensen, Chris] No Kentucky Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Highland Hts, KY 41099 USA. [Joyner, David] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Christensen, C (reprint author), No Kentucky Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Highland Hts, KY 41099 USA. EM Christensen@nku.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0161-1194 J9 CRYPTOLOGIA JI Cryptologia PY 2012 VL 36 IS 2 BP 88 EP 103 DI 10.1080/01611194.2011.632805 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science; Mathematics GA 973AD UT WOS:000306322400002 ER PT S AU O'Connor, S Bowman, SR Condon, NJ AF O'Connor, S. Bowman, S. R. Condon, N. J. BE Dubinskii, M Post, SG TI Laser Material Properties of Dy:YAG SO LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR DEFENSE AND SECURITY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology for Defense and Security VIII CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD DE Rare earth; dysprosium; spectroscopy; laser materials; GaN; diode pumping; visible laser ID SOLID-STATE LASERS; OPTIMIZATION; GENERATION; NM AB First operation of the F-4(9/2) -> H-6(13/2) laser transition in dysprosium doped yttrium aluminum garnet is reported. Room temperature operation at 582.7nm was obtained using 447nm GaN diode lasers pumps. Gaussian single-mode operation was demonstrated with a non-optimized slope efficiency of 12%. Millisecond pulsed operation generated 150mW with power limited by the pump diodes brightness. An emission cross section of 4.1E-21cm(2) at 582.7nm was determined by laser threshold analysis. C1 [O'Connor, S.; Bowman, S. R.; Condon, N. J.] USN, Res Lab, Opt Mat & Devices Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP O'Connor, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Mat & Devices Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9059-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8381 AR 83811H DI 10.1117/12.921030 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAX05 UT WOS:000305903700035 ER PT S AU Armstrong, JT Baines, EK Hindsley, RB Schmitt, HR Restaino, SR Jorgensen, AM Mozurkewich, D AF Armstrong, J. T. Baines, E. K. Hindsley, R. B. Schmitt, H. R. Restaino, S. R. Jorgensen, A. M. Mozurkewich, D. BE Pham, KD Cox, JL Howard, RT Zmuda, H TI Interferometric imaging of geostationary satellite SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications V CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE optical interferometry; NOI; geostationary satellites ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; DECONVOLUTION AB Even the longest geosatellite, at similar to 40m, subtends only 0.2 arcsec (1microradian). Determining structure and orientation with 10 cm resolution requires a 90 m telescope at visual wavelengths, or an interferometer. We des cribe the application of optical interferometry to observations of complex extended targets such as geosatellites, and discuss some of its challenges. We briefly describe our Navy Optical Interferometer (NOI) group's efforts toward interferometric observations of geosatellites, including the first interferometric detection of a geosatellite. The NOI observes in 16 spectral channels (550-850 nm) using up to six 12-cm apertures, with baselines (separations between apertures) of 16 to 79 m. We detected the geosatellite DirecTV-9S during glint seasons in March 2008 and March 2009, using a single 16 m baseline (resolution similar to 1:6 m). Fringes on a longer baseline were too weak because the large-scale structure was over-resolved. The fringe strengths are consistent with a combination of two size scales, similar to 1:3 m and greater than or similar to 3:5m . Our near term NOI work is directed toward observing geosatellites with three or more 10 to 15 m baselines, using closure phase measurements to remove atmospheric turbulence effects and coherent data averaging to increase the SNR. Beyond the two- to three-year time frame, we plan to install larger apertures (1.4 and 1.8 m), allowing observations outside glint season, and to develop baseline bootstrapping, building long baselines from chains of short baselines, to avoid over-resolution while increasing maximum resolution. Our ultimate goal is to develop the design parameters for dedicated satellite imaging interferometry. C1 [Armstrong, J. T.; Baines, E. K.; Hindsley, R. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20075 USA. RP Armstrong, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7215,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20075 USA. EM tom.armstrong@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9063-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8385 AR 83850D DI 10.1117/12.919381 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BAX08 UT WOS:000305905200009 ER PT J AU Rutherford, B Dangelmayr, G Montgomery, MT AF Rutherford, B. Dangelmayr, G. Montgomery, M. T. TI Lagrangian coherent structures in tropical cyclone intensification SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIME LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; WAVE CRITICAL LAYER; CHAOTIC ADVECTION; HURRICANE MODEL; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; VELOCITY-FIELDS; FLOWS; VORTEX; CYCLOGENESIS; TRANSPORT AB Recent work has suggested that tropical cyclones intensify via a pathway of rotating deep moist convection in the presence of enhanced fluxes of moisture from the ocean. The rotating deep convective structures possessing enhanced cyclonic vorticity within their cores have been dubbed Vortical Hot Towers (VHTs). In general, the interaction between VHTs and the system-scale vortex, as well as the corresponding evolution of equivalent potential temperature (theta(e)) that modulates the VHT activity, is a complex problem in moist helical turbulence. To better understand the structural aspects of the three-dimensional intensification process, a Lagrangian perspective is explored that focuses on the coherent structures seen in the flow field associated with VHTs and their vortical remnants, as well as the evolution and localized stirring of theta(e). Recently developed finite-time Lagrangian methods are limited in the three-dimensional turbulence and shear associated with the VHTs. In this paper, new Lagrangian techniques developed for three-dimensional velocity fields are summarized and we apply these techniques to study VHT and theta(e) phenomenology in a high-resolution numerical tropical cyclone simulation. The usefulness of these methods is demonstrated by an analysis of particle trajectories. We find that VHTs create a locally turbulent mixing environment. However, associated with the VHTs are hyperbolic structures that span between adjacent VHTs or adjacent vortical remnants and represent coherent finite-time transport barriers in the flow field. Although the azimuthally-averaged inflow is responsible for the inward advection of boundary layer theta(e), attracting Lagrangian coherent structures are coincident with pools of high boundary layer theta(e). Extensions of boundary layer coherent structures grow above the boundary layer during episodes of convection and remain with the convective vortices. These hyperbolic structures form initially as boundaries between VHTs. As vorticity aggregates into a ring-like eyewall feature, the Lagrangian boundaries merge into a ring outside of the region of maximal vorticity. C1 [Rutherford, B.; Montgomery, M. T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Dangelmayr, G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rutherford, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM bdruther@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0715426, AGS-0733380]; NOAA's Hurricane Research Division; NASA [NNH09AK561, NNG11PK021, NNG09HG031] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF Cooperative Agreement AGS-0715426 and the support of NSF AGS-0733380, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division and NASA grants NNH09AK561, NNG11PK021 and NNG09HG031. The authors thank Wayne Schubert, Michael Kirby, John Persing, and Michael Riemer for their discussions. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 12 BP 5483 EP 5507 DI 10.5194/acp-12-5483-2012 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 966KG UT WOS:000305835900011 ER PT J AU Shingler, T Dey, S Sorooshian, A Brechtel, FJ Wang, Z Metcalf, A Coggon, M Mulmenstadt, J Russell, LM Jonsson, HH Seinfeld, JH AF Shingler, T. Dey, S. Sorooshian, A. Brechtel, F. J. Wang, Z. Metcalf, A. Coggon, M. Muelmenstaedt, J. Russell, L. M. Jonsson, H. H. Seinfeld, J. H. TI Characterisation and airborne deployment of a new counterflow virtual impactor inlet SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; AEROSOL INLET; CALIBRATION; EFFICIENCY; AIRCRAFT; DROPLETS; CUMULUS; SPECTROMETER; INSTRUMENT; PARTICLES AB A new counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) inlet is introduced with details of its design, laboratory characterisation tests and deployment on an aircraft during the 2011 Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment (E-PEACE). The CVI inlet addresses three key issues in previous designs; in particular, the inlet operates with: (i) negligible organic contamination; (ii) a significant sample flow rate to downstream instruments (similar to 15 l min(-1)) that reduces the need for dilution; and (iii) a high level of accessibility to the probe interior for cleaning. Wind tunnel experiments characterised the cut size of sampled droplets and the particle size-dependent transmission efficiency in various parts of the probe. For a range of counter-flow rates and air velocities, the measured cut size was between 8.7-13.1 mu m. The mean percentage error between cut size measurements and predictions from aerodynamic drag theory is 1.7%. The CVI was deployed on the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter for thirty flights during E-PEACE to study aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions off the central coast of California in July and August 2011. Results are reported to assess the performance of the inlet including comparisons of particle number concentration downstream of the CVI and cloud drop number concentration measured by two independent aircraft probes. Measurements downstream of the CVI are also examined from one representative case flight coordinated with shipboard-emitted smoke that was intercepted in cloud by the Twin Otter. C1 [Shingler, T.; Sorooshian, A.; Wang, Z.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dey, S.; Brechtel, F. J.] Brechtel Mfg Inc, Hayward, CA 94544 USA. [Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Metcalf, A.; Coggon, M.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Metcalf, A.; Coggon, M.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Engn & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Muelmenstaedt, J.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM armin@email.arizona.edu RI Metcalf, Andrew/C-5666-2012; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Coggon, Matthew/I-8604-2016; OI Metcalf, Andrew/0000-0003-0385-1356; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Coggon, Matthew/0000-0002-5763-1925; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU ONR DURIP [N00014-11-1-0783]; ONR YIP [N00014-10-1-0811]; ONR [N00014-10-1-0200]; NSF [AGS-1008848, AGS1013423]; Sea Spray Research, Inc. FX This work was funded by an ONR DURIP grant (N00014-11-1-0783), an ONR YIP award (N00014-10-1-0811), ONR grant N00014-10-1-0200, NSF grants AGS-1008848 and AGS1013423, and Sea Spray Research, Inc. The authors acknowledge Cynthia Twohy and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. The authors gratefully acknowledge the crew of both the CIRPAS Twin Otter and the R/V Point Sur. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1259 EP 1269 DI 10.5194/amt-5-1259-2012 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 966KX UT WOS:000305837600005 ER PT B AU Podd, MH AF Podd, Marvin H. BA Podd, MH BF Podd, MH TI History of Cognitive Remediation SO COGNITIVE REMEDIATION FOR BRAIN INJURY AND NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS: REAL LIFE CHANGES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Podd, MH (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 4400 EW Highway,Suite 715, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM marvin.podd@med.navy.mil; marvin.podd@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1974-7 PY 2012 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1975-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1975-4 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BZK25 UT WOS:000301824200001 ER PT B AU Podd, MH AF Podd, Marvin H. BA Podd, MH BF Podd, MH TI The Role of Assessment in Treatment Planning SO COGNITIVE REMEDIATION FOR BRAIN INJURY AND NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS: REAL LIFE CHANGES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Podd, MH (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 4400 EW Highway,Suite 715, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM marvin.podd@med.navy.mil; marvin.podd@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1974-7 PY 2012 BP 5 EP 20 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1975-4_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1975-4 PG 16 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BZK25 UT WOS:000301824200002 ER PT B AU Podd, MH AF Podd, Marvin H. BA Podd, MH BF Podd, MH TI Treatment Strategies SO COGNITIVE REMEDIATION FOR BRAIN INJURY AND NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS: REAL LIFE CHANGES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Podd, MH (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 4400 EW Highway,Suite 715, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM marvin.podd@med.navy.mil; marvin.podd@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1974-7 PY 2012 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1975-4_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1975-4 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BZK25 UT WOS:000301824200003 ER PT B AU Podd, MH AF Podd, Marvin H. BA Podd, MH BF Podd, MH TI Cognitive Remediation with NeurXercise SO COGNITIVE REMEDIATION FOR BRAIN INJURY AND NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS: REAL LIFE CHANGES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Podd, MH (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 4400 EW Highway,Suite 715, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM marvin.podd@med.navy.mil; marvin.podd@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1974-7 PY 2012 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1975-4_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1975-4 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BZK25 UT WOS:000301824200004 ER PT B AU Podd, MH AF Podd, Marvin H. BA Podd, MH BF Podd, MH TI Treatment Generalization and Ecological Validity SO COGNITIVE REMEDIATION FOR BRAIN INJURY AND NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS: REAL LIFE CHANGES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Podd, MH (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 4400 EW Highway,Suite 715, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM marvin.podd@med.navy.mil; marvin.podd@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1974-7 PY 2012 BP 39 EP 42 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1975-4_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1975-4 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BZK25 UT WOS:000301824200005 ER PT B AU Podd, MH AF Podd, Marvin H. BA Podd, MH BF Podd, MH TI A NeurXercise Casebook SO COGNITIVE REMEDIATION FOR BRAIN INJURY AND NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS: REAL LIFE CHANGES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Podd, MH (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 4400 EW Highway,Suite 715, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM marvin.podd@med.navy.mil; marvin.podd@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1974-7 PY 2012 BP 43 EP 121 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1975-4_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1975-4 PG 79 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BZK25 UT WOS:000301824200006 ER PT B AU Podd, MH AF Podd, Marvin H. BA Podd, MH BF Podd, MH TI Cognitive Remediation for Brain Injury and Neurological Illness Real Life Changes Conclusions SO COGNITIVE REMEDIATION FOR BRAIN INJURY AND NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS: REAL LIFE CHANGES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Podd, MH (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 4400 EW Highway,Suite 715, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM marvin.podd@med.navy.mil; marvin.podd@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-1974-7 PY 2012 BP 123 EP 124 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1975-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-1975-4 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BZK25 UT WOS:000301824200007 ER PT J AU Knopf, JW AF Knopf, Jeffrey W. TI Varieties of Assurance SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Assurance; Reassurance; Deterrence; Influence Strategies; Nuclear Nonproliferation ID SECURITY DILEMMA; NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION; GRAND STRATEGY; COLD-WAR; DETERRENCE; US; REASSURANCE; COOPERATION; WORK; BOMB AB Strategies that seek to assure other states about their security have the potential to reduce international conflict and dissuade states from seeking nuclear weapons. Yet, relative to other tools of statecraft such as deterrence, assurance remains understudied. To facilitate further empirical research on assurance strategies, this article identifies variations in the terminology scholars and policymakers have used to refer to such strategies and describes the concept of assurance associated with each variant. It seeks to clarify and standardize usage and show that there is a general, overarching concept of assurance that links the different variants. It also summarizes existing bodies of empirical research that are relevant to assessing the utility of different forms of assurance. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Knopf, JW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 EI 1743-937X J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2012 VL 35 IS 3 BP 375 EP 399 DI 10.1080/01402390.2011.643567 PG 25 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 968BS UT WOS:000305952600005 ER PT S AU Bewley, WW Merritt, CD Kim, CS Kim, M Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Abell, J Meyer, JR AF Bewley, W. W. Merritt, C. D. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Canedy, C. L. Vurgaftman, I. Abell, J. Meyer, J. R. BE Druy, MA Crocombe, RA TI Mid-IR Interband Cascade Lasers Operating with < 30 mW of Input Power SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies V CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Input power; interband cascade laser; mid-infrared; threshold current density; chemical sensing AB The performance of mid-IR interband cascade lasers (ICLs) has been improved by introducing heavier doping into the electron injector regions with the purpose of increasing the electron density in the active region to the level commensurate with the active hole density. For devices emitting at wavelengths in the 3.6-3.9 mu m range, the improvements include pulsed room temperature (RT) threshold current density as low as 170 A/cm(2), maximum cw operating temperature as high as 109 degrees C, and RT cw input power as low as 29 mW. Epi-down-mounted ridges display RT cw wall-plug efficiencies as high as 14.6% as well as emission of > 200 mW into a nearly diffraction-limited beam. RT cw operation has also been demonstrated for considerably longer wavelengths extending to 5.7 mu m with threshold power densities of approximate to 1kW/cm(2), which are an order of magnitude lower than those in state-of-the-art quantum cascade lasers. The very low operating powers are expected to lengthen battery lifetimes and greatly relax packaging and size/weight requirements for fielded chemical-sensing systems. C1 [Bewley, W. W.; Merritt, C. D.; Kim, C. S.; Canedy, C. L.; Vurgaftman, I.; Abell, J.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9052-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8374 AR 83740H DI 10.1117/12.918572 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW56 UT WOS:000305752100017 ER PT S AU Furstenberg, R Kendziora, CA Papantonakis, MR Nguyen, V McGill, RA AF Furstenberg, Robert Kendziora, Christopher A. Papantonakis, Michael R. Viet Nguyen McGill, R. A. BE Druy, MA Crocombe, RA TI Chemical Imaging using Infrared Photo-thermal Microspectroscopy SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies V CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Microspectroscopy; infrared; quantum cascade laser; QCL; photo-thermal; characterization; chemical imaging; hyperspectral AB There is a growing need for new characterization techniques that can provide information about the chemical composition of surfaces and bulk materials with spatial resolution in the range of 1-10 microns. While FTIR microspectroscopy addresses this problem, the practical resolution limit is still only about 20 microns. Other well-established techniques at the nanometer are impractical at the micro-scale. Raman micro-spectroscopy provides adequate spatial resolution (similar to 1 micron), but may not always be useful due to its low throughput and for samples with strong fluorescence. We are developing a non-contact and non-destructive technique that provides similar information as IR or Raman spectroscopy. It involves photo-thermal heating of the sample with a tunable quantum cascade laser (or other suitable infrared laser) and measuring the resulting increase in thermal emission by either an infrared detector or a laser probe in the visible spectral range. The latter case allows for further increase of the spatial resolution from similar to 10 microns to similar to 1 micron, at the right experimental conditions. Since the thermal emission signal from the surface is directly proportional to the absorption coefficient, by tuning the laser wavelength we directly measure the IR spectrum of the sample. By raster-scanning over the surface of the sample we can obtain chemical composition maps. We demonstrate this technique by imaging the surface of several different materials. We analyze the spatial resolution of our photo-thermal imaging system as well as discuss the conditions under which the spatial resolution can be further increased from the infrared far-field diffraction limit. C1 [Furstenberg, Robert; Kendziora, Christopher A.; Papantonakis, Michael R.; Viet Nguyen; McGill, R. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Furstenberg, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6365,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robert.furstenberg@nrl.navy.mil RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9052-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8374 AR 837411 DI 10.1117/12.919574 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW56 UT WOS:000305752100035 ER PT S AU Taitt, CR Leski, T Stenger, D Vora, GJ House, B Nicklasson, M Pimentel, G Zurawski, DV Kirkup, BC Craft, D Waterman, PE Leshod, EP Bangurae, U Ansumana, R AF Taitt, Chris Rowe Leski, Tomasz Stenger, David Vora, Gary J. House, Brent Nicklasson, Matilda Pimentel, Guillermo Zurawski, Daniel V. Kirkup, Benjamin C. Craft, David Waterman, Paige E. Leshod, Emil P. Bangurae, Umaru Ansumana, Rashid BE Kolk, AHJ Southern, SO Montgomery, KN Taylor, CW Kumar, BVKV Prabhakar, S Ross, AA TI Antimicrobial Resistance Determinant Microarray for Analysis of Multi-Drug Resistant Isolates SO SENSING TECHNOLOGIES FOR GLOBAL HEALTH, MILITARY MEDICINE, DISASTER RESPONSE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING II: AND BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing Technologies for Global Health, Military Medicine, Disaster Response and Environmental Monitoring II - and Biometric Technology for Human Identification IX CY APR 23-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Antimicrobial resistance; Microarray; Acinetobacter; E. coli; Klebsiella ID ARMY-MEDICAL-CENTER; IRAQ; MILITARY; AFGHANISTAN; INFECTIONS; PERSONNEL; BACTERIA AB The prevalence of multidrug-resistant infections in personnel wounded in Iraq and Afghanistan has made it challenging for physicians to choose effective therapeutics in a timely fashion. To address the challenge of identifying the potential for drug resistance, we have developed the Antimicrobial Resistance Determinant Microarray (ARDM) to provide DNA-based analysis for over 250 resistance genes covering 12 classes of antibiotics. Over 70 drug-resistant bacteria from different geographic regions have been analyzed on ARDM, with significant differences in patterns of resistance identified: genes for resistance to sulfonamides, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, rifampin, and macrolide-lincosamide-sulfonamide drugs were more frequently identified in isolates from sources in Iraq/Afghanistan. Of particular concern was the presence of genes responsible for resistance to many of the last-resort antibiotics used to treat war trauma-associated infections. C1 [Taitt, Chris Rowe; Leski, Tomasz; Stenger, David; Vora, Gary J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil RI Zurawski, Daniel/B-6578-2009; Kirkup, Benjamin/C-3610-2009; Leski, Tomasz/K-6916-2013 OI Zurawski, Daniel/0000-0002-7920-5601; Kirkup, Benjamin/0000-0002-8722-6218; Leski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7688-9887 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9049-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8371 AR 83710X DI 10.1117/12.924569 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAW71 UT WOS:000305799000009 ER PT J AU Aguilar, CO Lewis, AD AF Aguilar, Cesar O. Lewis, Andrew D. TI SMALL-TIME LOCAL CONTROLLABILITY FOR A CLASS OF HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE local controllability at a point; high-order variations; control-affine systems; homogeneous systems ID LIE-ALGEBRAS AB In this paper we consider the local controllability problem for control-affine systems that are homogeneous with respect to a one-parameter family of dilations corresponding to time-scaling in the control. We construct and derive properties of a variational cone that completely characterizes local controllability for these homogeneous systems. In the process, we are able to give a bound on the order, in terms of the integers describing the dilation, of perturbations that do not alter the local controllability property. Our approach uses elementary Taylor expansions and avoids unnecessarily complicated open mapping theorems to prove local controllability. Examples are given that illustrate the main results. C1 [Aguilar, Cesar O.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Lewis, Andrew D.] Queens Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Aguilar, CO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM coaguila@nps.edu; andrew@mast.queensu.ca FU National Sciences and Research Council of Canada FX This work was completed while this author was a graduate student in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada. This author acknowledges the support of the National Sciences and Research Council of Canada. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0363-0129 EI 1095-7138 J9 SIAM J CONTROL OPTIM JI SIAM J. Control Optim. PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1502 EP 1517 DI 10.1137/100785892 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics GA 968EZ UT WOS:000305961400018 ER PT S AU Huang, L Shabaev, A Lambrakos, SG Massa, L AF Huang, L. Shabaev, A. Lambrakos, S. G. Massa, L. BE Anwar, AFM Dhar, NK Crowe, TW TI Resonance structure of molecular clusters of beta-HMX for THz frequencies SO TERAHERTZ PHYSICS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS VI: ADVANCED APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND DEFENSE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Physics, Devices and Systems VI - Advanced Applications in Industry and Defense CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE THz spectra; dielectric response; DFT; IED detection AB Calculations are presented of ground state resonance structure associated with molecular cluster of beta-HMX using density functional theory (DFT), which is for analysis using a model representation of the coupling between resonance modes for ground state excitation. With respect to qualitative analysis, this model representation of the coupling among resonance modes provides a reasonable molecular level interpretation of various features of the excitation spectra associated with the ground state of molecular clusters. The DFT software GAUSSIAN was used for the calculations of ground state resonance structure presented. C1 [Huang, L.; Lambrakos, S. G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9041-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8363 AR 836304 DI 10.1117/12.918663 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW69 UT WOS:000305795500001 ER PT S AU Kearney, B Alves, F Grbovic, D Karunasiri, G AF Kearney, Brian Alves, Fabio Grbovic, Dragoslav Karunasiri, Gamani BE Anwar, AFM Dhar, NK Crowe, TW TI Tunable THz absorption using Al/SiOx planar periodic structures SO TERAHERTZ PHYSICS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS VI: ADVANCED APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND DEFENSE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Physics, Devices and Systems VI - Advanced Applications in Industry and Defense CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Terahertz; metamaterial; perfect absorber; multiband ID BAND METAMATERIAL ABSORBER; REAL-TIME; TERAHERTZ; ARRAY; WAVE; ANGLE AB To increase the sensitivity of uncooled microbolometer-based THz imagers, absorbing structures (metamaterial films) with resonant absorption that can be tuned to a QCL illuminator frequency are investigated. The metamaterial films are comprised of periodic arrays of aluminum (Al) squares and an Al ground plane separated by a thin silicon-rich silicon oxide (SiOx) dielectric film. Finite element simulations were performed by varying the structural parameters to establish the design criteria for high absorption, spectral tunability and bandwidth. Several structures with single band and multiband absorption characteristics were fabricated. Measured absorption spectra show absorption up to 100% at designed THz frequencies and the spectral characteristics agree with simulations. C1 [Kearney, Brian; Alves, Fabio; Grbovic, Dragoslav; Karunasiri, Gamani] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kearney, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM btkearne@nps.edu NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9041-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8363 AR 836309 DI 10.1117/12.918653 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW69 UT WOS:000305795500003 ER PT S AU Kanaev, AV AF Kanaev, A. V. BE Neifeld, MA Ashok, A TI Confidence Measures of Optical Flow Estimation Suitable for Multi-Frame Super-Resolution SO VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Information Processing XXI CY APR 24-25, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Optical flow; error metric; super-resolution AB Multi-frame super-resolution of images containing complex motion fields remains an elusive target requiring precise estimation of such motion between the frames. Although accuracy of optical flow algorithms has been increasing steadily it is not yet sufficient to provide confident subpixel resolution enhancement during super-resolution reconstruction. One way to approach the problem is to augment optical flow estimation input into super-resolution procedure by reliable confidence measure. Numerous optical flow confidence or conversely uncertainty measures have been developed recently. However, their performance has been studied and evaluated with respect to error metric involving optical flow vectors, namely angular and end point errors averaged over the entire image. Super-resolution processing requires consideration of interpolation error i.e. the difference between the reference image and the motion compensated image. This work presents comparative evaluation of optical flow confidence measures and makes conclusions of their usefulness to applications utilizing image compensation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kanaev, AV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9077-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8399 AR 839903 DI 10.1117/12.918720 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAW75 UT WOS:000305811200002 ER PT S AU Font, C Bonanno, D Long, H Bajramaj, B Gilbreath, GC AF Font, Carlos Bonanno, David Long, Hunter Bajramaj, Blerta Gilbreath, G. Charmaine BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Characterization of the Atmosphere as a Random Bit-Stream Generator SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures III CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE AB Characterizing atmospheric turbulence through modeling dates back to the 1960's. For decades scientists have studied how to mitigate the effects of the atmospheric turbulence on communications and imaging systems, but learning how to use those properties of the atmosphere instead of mitigate them raise new challenges. Due to the fact that atmospheric turbulence is inherently a random process, it can be an ideal "key generator" for strongly secure information transfer. The purpose of this effort is to investigate to what extent the atmospheric turbulence can be exploited as a robust random number generator. In this paper we report the progress in characterizing the atmosphere and a random bit-stream generator. C1 [Font, Carlos; Bonanno, David; Long, Hunter; Bajramaj, Blerta; Gilbreath, G. Charmaine] USN, Res Lab, Freespace Photon Commun Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Font, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Freespace Photon Commun Off, Code 5505, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Carlos.font@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9060-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8382 AR 83820Q DI 10.1117/12.924826 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW48 UT WOS:000305745600019 ER PT S AU Huang, L Shabaev, A Lambrakos, SG Bernstein, N Jacobs, V Massa, L AF Huang, L. Shabaev, A. Lambrakos, S. G. Bernstein, N. Jacobs, V. Massa, L. BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Resonance structure of water complexes of beta-HMX for THz frequencies SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures III CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE THz spectra; dielectric response; DFT; IED detection ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; EXPLOSIVES; SPECTRUM AB Calculations are presented of ground state resonance structure associated with water complexes of beta-HMX using density functional theory (DFT), which is for subsequent construction of permittivity functions to be used for simulations of explosives detection within a humid environment. The DFT software GAUSSIAN was used for the calculations of ground state resonance structure presented. C1 [Huang, L.; Lambrakos, S. G.; Bernstein, N.; Jacobs, V.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9060-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8382 AR 83820C DI 10.1117/12.923361 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW48 UT WOS:000305745600009 ER PT S AU Lanzagorta, M AF Lanzagorta, Marco BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Entangled-Photons Raman Spectroscopy SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures III CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Raman Spectrocopy; Raman Scattering; Rayleigh Scattering; Quantum Entanglement; Quantum Illumination; Quantum Sensors AB It is well known that Raman spectroscopy suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper we offer a general framework based on quantum illumination that describes Rayleigh and Raman spectroscopy using an arbitrarily large number of entangled and non-entangled photons. Our objective is to analyze Rayleigh and Raman spectroscopy as a quantum information channel and study its asymptotic limits. In particular, if we consider quantum entanglement as an information resource, then the use of entangled photons offers an exponentially large improvement on the SNR of the Raman spectrometer. That is, the correlations embedded in quantum entanglement can be exploited to enhance the Raman signature of tested samples. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lanzagorta, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marco.lanzagorta@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9060-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8382 AR 838207 DI 10.1117/12.926941 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW48 UT WOS:000305745600005 ER PT S AU Pipitone, F Gilbreath, C Bonanno, D AF Pipitone, Frank Gilbreath, Charmaine Bonanno, David BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Tripod Operators for Efficient Search of Point Cloud Data for Known Surface Shapes SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures III CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE point cloud data; surveillance; range images; detection; recognition AB We address the problem of searching large amounts of 3D point set data for specific objects of interest, as characterized by their surface shape. Motivating applications include the detection of ambush weapons from a convoy and the search for objects of interest on the ground from an aircraft. Such data can occur in the form of relatively unstructured point sets or range images, and can be derived from a variety of sensors. We study here the performance of Tripod Operators (TOs) on synthetic range image data containing the shape of an oil drum; a cylinder with planar top. Tripod Operators are an efficient method of extracting coordinate invariant shape information from surface shape representations using discrete samples extracted in a specially constrained manner. They can be used in a variety of ways as components of a system which performs detection, recognition and localization of objects based on their surface shape. We present experimental results which characterize the approximate accuracy of detection of the test shape as a function of the accuracy of the surface shape data. This is motivated by the need for an estimate of the required accuracy of 3D surveillance data to enable detection of specific shapes. C1 [Pipitone, Frank; Gilbreath, Charmaine; Bonanno, David] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pipitone, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9060-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8382 AR 83820O DI 10.1117/12.924831 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAW48 UT WOS:000305745600017 ER PT S AU Burris, HR Ferraro, MS Freeman, WT Moore, CI Murphy, JL Rabinovich, WS Smith, WR Summers, LL Thomas, LM Vilcheck, MJ Clark, WR Waters, WD AF Burris, H. R. Ferraro, M. S. Freeman, W. T. Moore, C. I. Murphy, J. L. Rabinovich, W. S. Smith, W. R. Summers, L. L. Thomas, L. M. Vilcheck, M. J. Clark, W. R. Waters, W. D. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Development of a large area InGaAs APD receiver based on an impact ionization engineered detector for free-space lasercomm applications SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE free space lasercomm; unmanned airborne system (UAS); APD; impact ionization engineering ((IE)-E-2) AB The U. S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing a small size, weight and power (SWaP) free space lasercomm terminal for small unmanned airborne platforms. The terminal is based on a small gimbal developed by CloudCap Technology. A receiver with a large field of view and with sensitivity sufficient to meet the program range goals is required for this terminal. An InGaAs Avalanche Photodiode (APD) with internal structures engineered to reduce excess noise and k(eff) in high gain applications was selected as the detector. The detector is a 350 micron diameter impact ionization engineered ((IE)-E-2) APD developed by Optogration, Inc. Results of development and characterization of the receiver will be presented. C1 [Burris, H. R.; Ferraro, M. S.; Moore, C. I.; Murphy, J. L.; Rabinovich, W. S.; Smith, W. R.; Thomas, L. M.; Vilcheck, M. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Burris, HR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9058-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8380 AR 838008 DI 10.1117/12.921159 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW08 UT WOS:000305692300007 ER PT S AU Ferraro, MS Burris, HR Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS Freeman, WT Murphy, JL Goetz, PG Moore, CI Thomas, LM Clark, WR Waters, WD Vaccaro, K Krejca, BD AF Ferraro, Mike S. Burris, Harris R. Mahon, Rita Rabinovich, William S. Freeman, Wade T. Murphy, James L. Goetz, Peter G. Moore, Christopher I. Thomas, Linda M. Clark, William R. Waters, William D. Vaccaro, Kenneth Krejca, Brian D. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Characterization of InGaAs avalanche photodiode arrays with varying geometries for free space optical communication SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE free-space optical communication; avalanche photodiode arrays; position sensitive detector; quadrant cell AB Photodiode arrays are instrumental in providing pointing and tracking information for free space optical communication systems. Recent advances in the fabrication and development of low noise, high bandwidth avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays have enabled these devices to be used not only as position sensitive detectors (PSD) for tracking but also as communications receivers. In a collaborative effort with Optogration, Inc., the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory has developed avalanche photodiode arrays with three different geometries: a 3x3 square pixel array, a centered hexagonal pixel array, and a 5 pixel concentric array configuration with a center pixel and four periphery pixels. The characterization and performance of each array geometry will be described along with associated front-end and digital electronics. Design tradeoffs for maximizing the performance of a given array geometry will also be discussed. C1 [Ferraro, Mike S.; Burris, Harris R.; Mahon, Rita; Rabinovich, William S.; Murphy, James L.; Goetz, Peter G.; Moore, Christopher I.; Thomas, Linda M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ferraro, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9058-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8380 AR 83800A DI 10.1117/12.919924 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW08 UT WOS:000305692300009 ER PT S AU Rabinovich, WS Mahon, R Callahan, MF Moore, C Suite, M Ferraro, M Goetz, PG AF Rabinovich, W. S. Mahon, Rita Callahan, Mathew F. Moore, Christopher Suite, Michele Ferraro, Mike Goetz, Peter G. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Retro-reflector Diversity Effects in Free Space Optical Links SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Free space optical communication; Modulating retro-reflector; scintillation; desert AB Scintillation is an effect that limits the performance of many optical systems including imagers and free space optical communication links. Scintillation can be especially severe for optical retro-reflectors. This can limit the range of links based on modulating retro-reflectors. In this work we examine the effects of retro-reflector diversity on optical scintillation. This technique uses multiple retro-reflectors, separated by a distance larger than the atmospheric coherence size and illuminated by one interrogating beam, to reduce the scintillation index. We examine the dependence of scintillation index on the number of retro-reflectors, their separation and the degree of coherent interference at the receiver. Data was taken in the field at three different sites: the Naval Research Laboratory's Chesapeake Bay Detachment, where both over land and over water measurements were made, the Fort AP Hill Laser Test Range and China Lake, California. We show that multiple retro-reflectors can reduce the scintillation index on double-pass links. We demonstrate that when retro-reflectors are spaced too closely, coherent interference can increase the scintillation index and greatly expand its frequency content. We also examine the effects of retro-reflector diversity on the margin needed for modulating retro-reflector data links. C1 [Rabinovich, W. S.; Mahon, Rita; Callahan, Mathew F.; Ferraro, Mike; Goetz, Peter G.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9058-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8380 AR 838002 DI 10.1117/12.919922 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW08 UT WOS:000305692300001 ER PT S AU Smith, WR Burris, HR Vilcheck, MJ Moore, CI Summers, LL Thomas, LM AF Smith, W. R. Burris, H. R. Vilcheck, M. J. Moore, C. I. Summers, L. L. Thomas, L. M. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Automating a Lasercomm Terminal on a Small, Unmanned, Aerial Platform SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE lasercomm; UAS; UAV; autonomous AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing a small lasercomm terminal for both direct lasercomm and communication to a modulated retroreflector (MRR). A gimbal from Cloud Cap Technology serves as the terminal positioner, which is to be integrated onto a small, unmanned airborne vehicle. Software was developed to allow the terminal to automatically acquire and track ground terminals and manage the lasercomm payload. This software turns the terminal into a completely autonomous lasercom system, able to travel well outside the communications range of its base station and collect data from ground terminals with no user intervention. Data from boat testing will be presented to show pointing accuracies as well as automatic acquisition and tracking of static targets. C1 [Smith, W. R.; Burris, H. R.; Vilcheck, M. J.; Moore, C. I.; Summers, L. L.; Thomas, L. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, WR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM reed.smith@nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9058-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8380 AR 838005 DI 10.1117/12.921303 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW08 UT WOS:000305692300004 ER PT S AU Vilcheck, MJ Burris, HR Moore, CI Smith, WR Thomas, LM AF Vilcheck, M. J. Burris, H. R. Moore, C. I. Smith, W. R. Thomas, L. M. BE Thomas, LMW Spillar, EJ TI Miniature lasercomm module for integration into a small, unmanned, aerial platform SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation IX CY APR 25-26, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE lasercomm; free space laser communication; UAS; UAV; line-of-sight communication AB The U. S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing a small lasercomm terminal for both direct lasercomm and communication to a modulated retroreflector (MRR). A gimbal from Cloud Cap Technology serves as the terminal positioner, which is to be integrated onto a small, unmanned airborne vehicle. A lasercomm module must be developed that meets size, weight, power, and optical performance requirements. The final module incorporates the shared optics, the tracking optic and detector, and the lasercomm receiver optics and detector. This module was designed, fabricated, assembled, and integrated into the Cloud Cap T2 gimbal. After integration, the tracking signals were measured in the lab to establish the field of view and response to pointing errors. C1 [Vilcheck, M. J.; Burris, H. R.; Moore, C. I.; Smith, W. R.; Thomas, L. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vilcheck, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9058-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8380 AR 838003 DI 10.1117/12.921165 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAW08 UT WOS:000305692300002 ER PT S AU Smith, LN Nichols, JM Waterman, JR Olson, CC Judd, KP AF Smith, L. N. Nichols, J. M. Waterman, J. R. Olson, C. C. Judd, K. P. BE Ahmad, F TI Improving Sparse Representation Algorithms for Maritime Video Processing SO COMPRESSIVE SENSING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Compressive Sensing CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Sparse representations; dictionary learning; image compression; denoising; super-resolution ID DICTIONARIES; IMAGE AB We present several improvements to published algorithms for sparse image modeling with the goal of improving processing of imagery of small watercraft in littoral environments. The first improvement is to the K-SVD algorithm for training over-complete dictionaries, which are used in sparse representations. It is shown that the training converges significantly faster by incorporating multiple dictionary (i.e., codebook) update stages in each training iteration. The paper also provides several useful and practical lessons learned from our experience with sparse representations. Results of three applications of sparse representation are presented and compared to the state-of-the-art methods; image compression, image denoising, and super-resolution. C1 [Smith, L. N.; Nichols, J. M.; Waterman, J. R.; Judd, K. P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, LN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 567,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9043-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8365 AR 836508 DI 10.1117/12.920756 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BAW21 UT WOS:000305700200004 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Fragiadakis, D Bogoslovov, R Urban, S Dabrowski, R Tykarska, M Osiecka, N Czub, J AF Roland, C. M. Fragiadakis, D. Bogoslovov, R. Urban, S. Dabrowski, R. Tykarska, M. Osiecka, N. Czub, J. TI Volumetric, dielectric, calorimetric and X-ray studies of smectogenic 10PBO8 at atmospheric and elevated pressures SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE smectogen; high-pressure; phase diagram; X-ray; potential parameter ID TEMPERATURE PHASE-DIAGRAMS; HOMOLOGOUS SERIES; PVT MEASUREMENTS; 300 MPA; DYNAMICS; NBT; MEMBERS; DTA AB The synthesis and pressure-volume-temperature (PVT), differential thermal analysis (DTA), dielectric and X-ray diffraction data of 2-(4-octylcarbonyloxyphenyl)-5-decylpyrimidine (10PBO8) are presented. The substance exhibits two crystalline and smectic C (SmC) phases on heating and a SmC-monotropic crystalline smectic B (SmBcr) SmBcr-crystal sequence of phase transitions on cooling. Above ca. 15 MPa, the SmBcr phase becomes enantiotropic (reversible polymorphism). The phase behaviour and molecular dynamics in the liquid crystalline phases are analysed and discussed, with the conformational component of the total entropy for the SmC-isotropic liquid transition estimated. We also calculate from the PVT results the potential parameter characterising the steepness of the interaction potential. C1 [Urban, S.] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Roland, C. M.; Fragiadakis, D.; Bogoslovov, R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dabrowski, R.; Tykarska, M.] Mil Univ Technol, Inst Chem, Warsaw, Poland. [Osiecka, N.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Czub, J.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. RP Urban, S (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. EM ufurban@cyf-kr.edu.pl RI Fragiadakis, Daniel/A-4510-2009 FU Office of Naval Research FX The work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PY 2012 VL 39 IS 8 BP 993 EP 1001 DI 10.1080/02678292.2012.689867 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 965HT UT WOS:000305759000011 ER PT S AU Hoyle, DC Gale, JW Schultz, RC Rakvic, RN Ives, RW AF Hoyle, David C. Gale, John W. Schultz, Robert C. Rakvic, Ryan N. Ives, Robert W. BE Agaian, SS Jassim, SA Du, EY TI Improving Energy Efficiency in Handheld Biometric Applications SO MOBILE MULTIMEDIA/IMAGE PROCESSING, SECURITY, AND APPLICATIONS 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mobile Multimedia/Image Processing, Security, and Applications CY APR 23-24, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Biometrics; handheld device; energy; integer; floating point; Ridge Energy Direction AB With improved smartphone and tablet technology, it is becoming increasingly feasible to implement powerful biometric recognition algorithms on portable devices. Typical iris recognition algorithms, such as Ridge Energy Direction (RED), utilize two-dimensional convolution in their implementation. This paper explores the energy consumption implications of 12 different methods of implementing two-dimensional convolution on a portable device. Typically, convolution is implemented using floating point operations. If a given algorithm implemented integer convolution vice floating point convolution, it could drastically reduce the energy consumed by the processor. The 12 methods compared include 4 major categories: Integer C, Integer Java, Floating Point C, and Floating Point Java. Each major category is further divided into 3 implementations: variable size looped convolution, static size looped convolution, and unrolled looped convolution. All testing was performed using the HTC Thunderbolt with energy measured directly using a Tektronix TDS5104B Digital Phosphor oscilloscope. Results indicate that energy savings as high as 75% are possible by using Integer C versus Floating Point C. Considering the relative proportion of processing time that convolution is responsible for in a typical algorithm, the savings in energy would likely result in significantly greater time between battery charges. C1 [Hoyle, David C.; Gale, John W.; Schultz, Robert C.; Rakvic, Ryan N.; Ives, Robert W.] USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hoyle, DC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9084-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8406 AR 84060N DI 10.1117/12.918929 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAW43 UT WOS:000305738900020 ER PT S AU Bashkansky, M Fatemi, FK Vurgaftman, I AF Bashkansky, Mark Fatemi, Fredrik K. Vurgaftman, Igor BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Generating and storing nonclassical correlations in a warm Rb vapor cell with buffer gas SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation X CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Quantum memory; Warm atomic vapor; Buffer gas; Rubidium ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; LINEAR OPTICS AB Quantum memory is regarded as one of the essential components in the fields of quantum computing and quantum communication. Warm atomic vapor cells for quantum memory, as originally described in DLCZ (for Duan, Lukin, Cirac, and Zoller) protocol, are appealing due to the perceived reduction in experimental complexity and commercial availability. However, published studies on quantum memory using warm vapor cells were performed under widely dissimilar experimental conditions and reported ambiguous results. In order for the memory to exhibit non-classical behavior to a high degree of certainty, the cross-correlation value between the Stokes and anti-Stokes photons needs to be greater than two. In this work we demonstrate quantum memory with cross-correlation value between the Stokes and anti-Stokes photons greater than two lasting for 4 mu s using warm Rb vapor with buffer gas for nearly co-propagating write and read beams. C1 [Bashkansky, Mark; Fatemi, Fredrik K.; Vurgaftman, Igor] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bashkansky, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bashkansky@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9078-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8400 AR 840013 DI 10.1117/12.918306 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BAW41 UT WOS:000305737400027 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, James F., III BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Generation, detection and applications of quantum hyper-entangled and entangled states SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation X CY APR 26-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Quantum entanglement; hyper-entanglement; M&N state; N00N state; linear combination of M&N states; super resolution; super sensitivity; quantum imaging; quantum Fisher information; quantum sensing AB Methods of generating N00N, M&N, linear combinations of M&N states as well as more complicated quantum entangled and quantum hyper-entangled states will be considered. Quantum hyper-entanglement refers to quantum entanglement in more than one degree of freedom, e. g. energy-time, polarization, orbital angular momentum, etc. Internal noise and loss within the entanglement or hyper-entanglement generators and external noise and loss due to atmospheric effects and detectors are modeled. Analysis related to the devices that generate these entangled or hyper-entangled states will be provided. The following will be derived: closed form expressions for wave function normalization, wave function, density operator, reduced density operator, phase error bound, the symmetrized logarithmic derivative, the quantum Fisher information, the quantum Cramer-Rao lower bound, the relevant projection operators and the related probability of detection expressions. Generation and detection of the entangled or hyper-entangled states will be considered. The entanglement generators will use linear and nonlinear optical devices. Optimization criteria for the quantum states, generation and detection schemes and designs optimal with respect to the criteria will be discussed. Applications of the generated states for producing super sensitivity and super resolution will be discussed. The fundamental role of coincidence measurement for generating entanglement is included. Hyper-entanglement offers N times classical resolution, where N is a quantum number associated with the system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.smith@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9078-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8400 AR 840011 DI 10.1117/12.919377 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BAW41 UT WOS:000305737400025 ER PT J AU Lin, P AF Lin, Patrick BE Lin, P Abney, K Bekey, GA TI Introduction to Robot Ethics SO ROBOT ETHICS: THE ETHICAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS SE Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Agents LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lin, Patrick] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Eth Emerging Sci Grp, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Lin, Patrick] Ctr Internet & Soc, Stanford Law Sch, Stanford, CA USA. [Lin, Patrick] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lin, Patrick] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lin, P (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Eth Emerging Sci Grp, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 978-0-262-01666-7 J9 INTELL ROBOT AUTON PY 2012 BP 3 EP 15 PG 13 WC Ethics; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; History & Philosophy of Science GA BZT14 UT WOS:000302874600002 ER PT B AU Lin, P Bekey, GA Abney, K AF Lin, Patrick Bekey, George A. Abney, Keith BE Lin, P Abney, K Bekey, GA TI Robot Ethics The Ethical and Social Implications of Robotics Preface SO ROBOT ETHICS: THE ETHICAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS SE Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Agents LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lin, Patrick] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Eth Emerging Sci Grp, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Lin, Patrick] Cal Polys Philosophy Dept, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. [Lin, Patrick] Stanford Law Sch, Ctr Internet & Soc, Stanford, CA USA. [Lin, Patrick] Ctr Appl Philosophy & Publ Eth CAPPE, Kingston, ACT, Australia. [Lin, Patrick] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lin, Patrick] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Bekey, George A.] Univ So Calif, Robot Res Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Bekey, George A.] Inst Elect & Elect Engn IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, New York, NY USA. [Bekey, George A.] Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence AAAI, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Bekey, George A.] Amer Assoc Adv Sci AAAS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Lin, P (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Eth Emerging Sci Grp, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 978-0-262-01666-7 J9 INTELL ROBOT AUTON PY 2012 BP IX EP X PG 2 WC Ethics; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; History & Philosophy of Science GA BZT14 UT WOS:000302874600001 ER PT J AU Guarini, M Bello, P AF Guarini, Marcello Bello, Paul BE Lin, P Abney, K Bekey, GA TI Robotic Warfare: Some Challenges in Moving from Noncivilian to Civilian Theaters SO ROBOT ETHICS: THE ETHICAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS SE Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Agents LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MORAL JUDGMENT; WORKING-MEMORY; UTILITARIAN; ATTENTION; MODEL C1 [Guarini, Marcello] Univ Windsor, Dept Philosophy, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Guarini, Marcello] Shared Hierarch Acad Res Comp Network, Oakville, ON, Canada. [Bello, Paul] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. [Bello, Paul] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Guarini, M (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Dept Philosophy, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 978-0-262-01666-7 J9 INTELL ROBOT AUTON PY 2012 BP 129 EP 144 PG 16 WC Ethics; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; History & Philosophy of Science GA BZT14 UT WOS:000302874600010 ER PT B AU Carroll, CG AF Carroll, Craig G. BE Donofrio, PD TI Focal Cranial Neuropathies SO TEXTBOOK OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACCESSORY NERVE PALSY; ATYPICAL FACIAL-PAIN; QUALITY-STANDARDS-SUBCOMMITTEE; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; RAMSAY-HUNT-SYNDROME; BELLS-PALSY; POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA; TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA; SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; PRACTICE PARAMETER C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Suffolk, VA USA. RP Carroll, CG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Suffolk, VA USA. NR 110 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DEMOS MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS PI NEW YORK PA 11 WEST 42ND STREET, 15TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA BN 978-1-61705-034-3 PY 2012 BP 375 EP 405 PG 31 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BAH72 UT WOS:000304180800026 ER PT B AU Carroll, CG Campbell, WW AF Carroll, Craig G. Campbell, William W. BE Donofrio, PD TI Multiple Cranial Neuropathy SO TEXTBOOK OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS; CHRONIC MENINGITIS; TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS; SJOGRENS-SYNDROME; DISEASE; PACHYMENINGITIS; LEPTOMENINGEAL; BIOPSY; COMPLICATIONS C1 [Carroll, Craig G.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Suffolk, VA USA. [Campbell, William W.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Carroll, CG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Suffolk, VA USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DEMOS MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS PI NEW YORK PA 11 WEST 42ND STREET, 15TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA BN 978-1-61705-034-3 PY 2012 BP 407 EP 420 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BAH72 UT WOS:000304180800027 ER PT S AU Davis, JP Narducci, FA AF Davis, J. P. Narducci, F. A. BE Shahriar, SM Narducci, FA TI Dispersion in a four level N-scheme atomic system with co- and counter-propagating beams SO ADVANCES IN SLOW AND FAST LIGHT V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Slow and Fast Light V CY JAN 22-24, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE AB We motivate the study of an 'N-scheme' atomic system for the case of a bi-directional probe field. We derive the equations of motion. The equations were expanded in order of the counter-propagating field strength over the co-propagating field strength. We solve the equations numerically in steady state in a perturbative manner. The zeroth order solutions describe the dispersion and absorption of the co-propagating field, while the first order solutions describe the dispersion and absorption of the counter-propagating field. We investigate the solutions in two temperature regimes for a variety of field strengths. Regimes of similar dispersion for the co- and counter-propagating fields were found, as well as regimes of opposite behavior. In most cases, absorption of the fields is still a problem. C1 [Davis, J. P.; Narducci, F. A.] USN, Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Davis, JP (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8916-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8273 AR 82730R DI 10.1117/12.914722 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAR79 UT WOS:000305324800010 ER PT S AU Jacobs, VL AF Jacobs, Verne L. BE Shahriar, SM Narducci, FA TI Microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of electromagnetic-field propagation in nonlinear dispersive and absorbing media SO ADVANCES IN SLOW AND FAST LIGHT V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Slow and Fast Light V CY JAN 22-24, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Reduced density matrix; non-linear electromagnetic response; coherence; pump-probe optical phenomena ID DENSITY-MATRIX; LIGHT; RELAXATION; RADIATION AB Microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of electromagnetic-field propagation relevant to resonant pump-probe optical phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency, in quantized many-electron systems are formulated within the framework of a general reduced-density-matrix approach. Time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency-domain (resolvent-operator) formulations are developed in a unified and self-consistent manner. A semiclassical perturbation-theory treatment of the electromagnetic interaction is adopted, in which the electromagnetic field is described as a classical field satisfying either the microscopic form or the macroscopic form of the Maxwell equations. However, it is emphasized that a quantized-field approach is essential for a fully self-consistent quantum-mechanical formulation. Compact Liouville-space operator expressions are obtained for the linear and the general (n'th order) non-linear electromagnetic-response tensors for moving many-electron systems. These expressions can be evaluated for coherent initial electronic excitations and for the full tetradic-matrix form of the Liouville-space self-energy operator in the Markov (short-memory-time) approximation. Environmental interactions can be treated in terms of the Liouville-space self-energy operator, and the influence of Zeeman coherences on electromagnetic-field propagation can be investigated by including an applied magnetic field together with the electromagnetic field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jacobs@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8916-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8273 AR 82730Z DI 10.1117/12.914734 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAR79 UT WOS:000305324800016 ER PT J AU Wang, S Zheng, X Jiang, Q AF Wang, S. Zheng, X. Jiang, Q. TI Strongly sheared stratocumulus convection: an observationally based large-eddy simulation study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOPPED BOUNDARY-LAYERS; VOCALS-REX; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; MIXED LAYERS; CLOUD; TURBULENCE; MODELS; ENTRAINMENT; BUDGETS; PBL AB Unusually large wind shears across the inversion in the stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer (MBL) were frequently observed during VOCALS-REx. To investigate the impact of wind shear on the MBL turbulence structure, a large-eddy simulation (LES) model is used to simulate the strongly sheared MBL observed from Twin-Otter RF 18 on 13 November 2008. The LES simulated turbulence statistics agree in general with those derived from the measurements, with the MBL exhibiting a decoupled structure characterized by an enhanced entrainment and a turbulence intensity minimum just below the clouds. Sensitivity simulations show that the shear forcing tends to reduce the dynamic stability of the inversion, characterized by the bulk (or gradient) Richardson number. This decrease enhances the entrainment mixing, leading to reduced cloud water. Consequently, the turbulence intensity in the MBL is significantly weakened by the intense wind shear. The inversion thickens considerably and the MBL top separates from the cloud top, creating a finite cloud-free sublayer of 10-50 m thickness within the inversion, depending on the Richardson number. The weakened inversion tends to enhance the turbulence buoyant consumption and simultaneously lead to a reduced buoyant production in the cloud layer due to less radiative cooling. These effects may result in a decoupling process that creates the different heating/moistening rates between the cloud and subcloud layer, leading to a two-layered structure in the strongly sheared stratocumulus-topped MBL. C1 [Wang, S.; Jiang, Q.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Zheng, X.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL USA. RP Wang, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. EM wang@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Zheng, Xue/F-9988-2016 OI Zheng, Xue/0000-0002-9372-1776 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [0602435N, N000140810465]; NOAA/CPPA [NA08OAR4320889] FX Shouping Wang has benefitted from many in-depth discussions with Qing Wang on wind shears over the years. We thank James Doyle for his valuable review of an early draft. We are also very grateful to the Twin Otter staff and crew for the unique and high quality dataset. Constructive comments made by Patrick Chuang and an anonymous reviewer improved the presentation of the manuscript. Shouping Wang and Qingfang Jiang were supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Program Element (PE) 0602435N. Xue Zheng was supported by ONR grant N000140810465 and the NOAA/CPPA Program under grant NA08OAR4320889. COAMPS is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 11 BP 5223 EP 5235 DI 10.5194/acp-12-5223-2012 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 959AH UT WOS:000305281600027 ER PT J AU Adilov, N Alexander, P Cunningham, BM AF Adilov, Nodir Alexander, Peter Cunningham, Brendan M. TI Smaller Pie, Larger Slice: How Bargaining Power Affects the Decision to Bundle SO B E JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS & POLICY LA English DT Article DE bundling; a la carte; division of surplus; Nash bargaining; regulation; advertising ID MONOPOLY; ENTRY AB A cable operator chooses to bundle or provide programs a la carte by striking a balance between maximizing total surplus and minimizing transfer payments to program providers. Using general demand and cost functions, we show that a cable operator's decision to bundle maximizes total producer surplus if the cable operator's bargaining power is sufficiently high, and that a cable operator in a weak bargaining position might strategically choose to unbundle viewer channels in order to enhance its bargaining position with individual program suppliers, even when this decision reduces total surplus. It is, therefore, plausible that regulations to cap market share or impose a la carte on cable operators may reduce total surplus, and absent offsetting increases in consumer welfare, such policy measures may reduce total welfare. Under more restrictive conditions, we extend the analysis and show that consumer and social welfare under bundling or a la carte depends on both bargaining power and advertising rates. Our results imply a monopolist does not necessarily increase deadweight loss, and under certain circumstances a monopolist's bargaining outcomes yield higher social welfare. C1 [Adilov, Nodir] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Ft Wayne, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Cunningham, Brendan M.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Adilov, N (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Ft Wayne, Ft Wayne, IN USA. EM nodir.adilov@gmail.com; peter.alexander@gmail.com; bcunning@usna.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1935-1682 J9 BE J ECON ANAL POLI JI B E J. Econ. Anal. Policy PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 AR 12 DI 10.1515/1935-1682.2733 PG 24 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 956JJ UT WOS:000305085600012 ER PT J AU Gaskill, DK Nyakiti, LO AF Gaskill, D. Kurt Nyakiti, Luke O. BE Murali, R TI Formation of Epitaxial Graphene SO GRAPHENE NANOELECTRONICS: FROM MATERIALS TO CIRCUITS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SILICON-CARBIDE; HETEROEPITAXIAL GRAPHITE; LAYER GRAPHENE; SI-FACE; FILMS; SUBSTRATE; GROWTH; 6H-SIC(0001); EVAPORATION; TRANSISTORS C1 [Gaskill, D. Kurt; Nyakiti, Luke O.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaskill, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kurt.gaskill@nrl.navy.mil NR 100 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-0548-1 PY 2012 BP 137 EP 165 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0548-1_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0548-1 PG 29 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BAA90 UT WOS:000303546800007 ER PT B AU Garces, NY Wheeler, VD Gaskill, DK AF Garces, Nelson Y. Wheeler, Virginia D. Gaskill, D. Kurt BE Murali, R TI Atomic Layer Deposition of Dielectrics on Graphene SO GRAPHENE NANOELECTRONICS: FROM MATERIALS TO CIRCUITS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; GATE DIELECTRICS; CARBON NANOTUBES; LEAKAGE CURRENT; SI-FACE; TRANSISTORS; SURFACE; FILMS; XPS; GRAPHITE C1 [Garces, Nelson Y.; Wheeler, Virginia D.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garces, NY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nelson.garces@nrl.navy.mil; virginia.wheeler.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; kurt.gaskill@nrl.navy.mil NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-0548-1; 978-1-4614-0547-4 PY 2012 BP 235 EP 257 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0548-1_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-0548-1 PG 23 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BAA90 UT WOS:000303546800010 ER PT S AU Kim, CS Kim, M Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Merritt, CD Vurgaftman, I Abell, J Meyer, JR AF Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Canedy, C. L. Bewley, W. W. Merritt, C. D. Vurgaftman, I. Abell, J. Meyer, J. R. BE Belyanin, AA Smowton, PM TI Mid-IR Interband Cascade Lasers Operating at Very Low Input Powers SO NOVEL IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers XI CY JAN 23-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Input power; interband cascade laser; mid-infrared; threshold current density; chemical sensing AB Our simulations find that the active quantum wells in previous mid-IR interband cascade laser (ICL) designs have invariably contained far more holes than electrons. Further modeling shows that the carrier populations can be rebalanced by heavily doping the electron injector regions to levels more than an order of magnitude higher than in any earlier devices. The experimental implementation of this strategy has dramatically improved nearly all ICL performance characteristics. For devices emitting at wavelengths in the 3.6-3.9 mu m range, this includes pulsed room temperature (RT) threshold current density as low as 170 A/cm(2), maximum cw operating temperature as high as 109 degrees C, RT cw output power as high as 159 mW, RT cw wallplug efficiency as high as 13.5%, and RT cw input power as low as 29 mW. We also demonstrate RT cw operation to wavelengths as long as 5.7 mu m. The extremely low input power to reach threshold, which is more than 25 times lower than the best ever reported for a quantum cascade laser, will strongly impact battery lifetimes and other system requirements in fielded chemical sensing applications. C1 [Kim, C. S.; Canedy, C. L.; Bewley, W. W.; Merritt, C. D.; Vurgaftman, I.; Abell, J.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8920-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8277 AR 82771D DI 10.1117/12.914453 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAR80 UT WOS:000305332300025 ER PT S AU Gallagher, TQ Hartnick, CJ AF Gallagher, Thomas Q. Hartnick, Christopher J. BE Hartnick, CJ Hansen, MC Gallagher, TQ TI Direct Laryngoscopy and Rigid Bronchoscopy SO PEDIATRIC AIRWAY SURGERY SE Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENDOSCOPY AB Laryngoscopy and rigid bronchoscopy represent a necessary tool in the otolaryngologist's arsenal. The advancement in designing smaller and more versatile laryngeal equipment and fiber-optic telescopes as well as the increasingly higher resolution of still and video imagery have allowed otolaryngologists to better diagnose and treat many airway lesions. This chapter describes the basic equipment necessary as well step-by-step description of the technique to perform rigid airway endoscopy. C1 [Hartnick, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Gallagher, Thomas Q.] USN, LCDR, MC, Dept Otolaryngol,Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Hartnick, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. EM christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu; christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-3071 BN 978-3-8055-9932-0 J9 ADV OTO-RHINO-LARYNG JI Adv.Otorhinolaryngol. PY 2012 VL 73 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BAE11 UT WOS:000303897800003 PM 22472223 ER PT S AU Gallagher, TQ Hartnick, CJ AF Gallagher, Thomas Q. Hartnick, Christopher J. BE Hartnick, CJ Hansen, MC Gallagher, TQ TI Pediatric Tracheotomy SO PEDIATRIC AIRWAY SURGERY SE Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFANT TRACHEOTOMY; COMPLICATIONS; TRACHEOSTOMY AB The procedure of tracheotomy dates back to ancient times. Its use has been adapted in the neonatal and pediatric population over the past half-century. Despite being a life-saving measure, tracheotomy-related mortality rates range from 0.5 to 3.6%, and this procedure is not without significant and sometimes frequent complications. Techniques regarding pediatric tracheotomy vary from surgeon to surgeon and include orientation of skin incision, removal of subcutaneous tissue, orientation of tracheotomy, maturation and stay sutures, as well postoperative care and surveillance. In this chapter, the authors detail their technique for tracheotomy. Surgical pearls for success are highlighted. C1 [Hartnick, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Gallagher, Thomas Q.] USN, LCDR, MC, Dept Otolaryngol,Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Hartnick, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. EM christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu; christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-3071 BN 978-3-8055-9932-0 J9 ADV OTO-RHINO-LARYNG JI Adv.Otorhinolaryngol. PY 2012 VL 73 BP 26 EP 30 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BAE11 UT WOS:000303897800004 PM 22472224 ER PT S AU Gallagher, TQ Hartnick, CJ AF Gallagher, Thomas Q. Hartnick, Christopher J. BE Hartnick, CJ Hansen, MC Gallagher, TQ TI Laryngotracheal Reconstruction SO PEDIATRIC AIRWAY SURGERY SE Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUBGLOTTIC STENOSIS AB Laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) along with cricotracheal resection and thyrotracheal anastomosis has become the standard of care for symptomatic subglottic stenosis in the pediatric age group. Success rates in achieving decannulation or avoiding tracheotomy approach 90%. Fearon and Cotton introduced pediatric LTR in 1972 using cartilage interposition grafting. The procedure has evolved to include a variety of techniques for expanding the laryngotracheal complex to obtain a stable airway of sufficient size for respiration. In this chapter, the authors will describe their single and double-stage technique for LTR highlighting surgical pearls necessary for success. C1 [Hartnick, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Gallagher, Thomas Q.] USN, LCDR, MC, Dept Otolaryngol,Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Hartnick, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. EM christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu; christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-3071 BN 978-3-8055-9932-0 J9 ADV OTO-RHINO-LARYNG JI Adv.Otorhinolaryngol. PY 2012 VL 73 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BAE11 UT WOS:000303897800005 PM 22472225 ER PT S AU Gallagher, TQ Hartnick, CJ AF Gallagher, Thomas Q. Hartnick, Christopher J. BE Hartnick, CJ Hansen, MC Gallagher, TQ TI Costal Cartilage Harvest SO PEDIATRIC AIRWAY SURGERY SE Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Cartilage interposition grafting for treatment of subglottic stenosis was pioneered by Fearon and Cotton in 1972. Costal cartilage is the preferred source for graft material in most cases. In this section, the authors highlight the surgical technique for cartilage graft harvest with discussion of surgical pearls necessary for success. C1 [Hartnick, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Gallagher, Thomas Q.] USN, LCDR, MC, Dept Otolaryngol,Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Hartnick, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. EM christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu; christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-3071 BN 978-3-8055-9932-0 J9 ADV OTO-RHINO-LARYNG JI Adv.Otorhinolaryngol. PY 2012 VL 73 BP 39 EP 41 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BAE11 UT WOS:000303897800006 PM 22472226 ER PT S AU Gallagher, TQ Hartnick, CJ AF Gallagher, Thomas Q. Hartnick, Christopher J. BE Hartnick, CJ Hansen, MC Gallagher, TQ TI Cricotracheal Resection and Thryotracheal Anastomosis SO PEDIATRIC AIRWAY SURGERY SE Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PEDIATRIC SUBGLOTTIC STENOSIS; LARYNGOTRACHEAL STENOSIS; CHILDREN; LARYNGEAL AB Cricotracheal resection and thryotracheal anastomosis along with laryngotracheal reconstruction have become the standard of care for symptomatic subglottic stenosis in the pediatric age g roup with decannulation rates approaching 90%. The procedure is ideal for children with subglottic stenosis several millimeters distal to the true vocal cords and can be extended to include costal interposition grafting if necessary. In this chapter, the authors describe the surgical techniques necessary for successful resection and reanastonnosis. C1 [Gallagher, Thomas Q.] USN, LCDR, MC, Med Ctr Portsmouth,Dept Otolaryngol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Hartnick, Christopher J.] Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Gallagher, TQ (reprint author), USN, LCDR, MC, Med Ctr Portsmouth,Dept Otolaryngol, Bldg 3,4th Floor,620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM thomasqgallagher@yahoo.com; thomasqgallagher@yahoo.com NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-3071 BN 978-3-8055-9932-0 J9 ADV OTO-RHINO-LARYNG JI Adv.Otorhinolaryngol. PY 2012 VL 73 BP 42 EP 49 PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BAE11 UT WOS:000303897800007 PM 22472227 ER PT S AU Gallagher, TQ Hartnick, CJ AF Gallagher, Thomas Q. Hartnick, Christopher J. BE Hartnick, CJ Hansen, MC Gallagher, TQ TI Tracheal Resection and Reanastomosis SO PEDIATRIC AIRWAY SURGERY SE Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Isolated short segment tracheal stenosis occurs in a relatively rare subpopulation of patients with laryngotracheal stenosis. Etiologies include both acquired and congenital, the most common being the acquired type. Management options include observation, endoscopic balloon dilation with or without CO2 laser, stent placement and open airway surgery. In this chapter, we will discuss tracheal resection and reanastomosis with emphasis on surgical pearls for success. C1 [Hartnick, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Gallagher, Thomas Q.] USN, LCDR, MC, Dept Otolaryngol,Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Hartnick, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. EM christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu; christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-3071 BN 978-3-8055-9932-0 J9 ADV OTO-RHINO-LARYNG JI Adv.Otorhinolaryngol. PY 2012 VL 73 BP 50 EP 57 PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BAE11 UT WOS:000303897800008 PM 22472228 ER PT S AU Gallagher, TQ Hartnick, CJ AF Gallagher, Thomas Q. Hartnick, Christopher J. BE Hartnick, CJ Hansen, MC Gallagher, TQ TI Slide Tracheoplasty SO PEDIATRIC AIRWAY SURGERY SE Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONGENITAL TRACHEAL STENOSIS; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH AB Slide tracheoplasty, first described in 1989, has become the procedure of choice for long segment tracheal stenosis and complete tracheal rings. Although a challenging surgery with higher mortality than other open airway procedures, this technique offers a successful alternative for parents who just a couple decades ago had no reasonable surgical option. We describe the management of long segment tracheal stenosis using the slide tracheoplasty highlighting the surgical pearls necessary for success. C1 [Hartnick, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Gallagher, Thomas Q.] USN, LCDR, MC, Dept Otolaryngol,Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Hartnick, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. EM christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu; christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-3071 BN 978-3-8055-9932-0 J9 ADV OTO-RHINO-LARYNG JI Adv.Otorhinolaryngol. PY 2012 VL 73 BP 58 EP 62 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BAE11 UT WOS:000303897800009 PM 22472229 ER PT S AU Gallagher, TQ Hartnick, CJ AF Gallagher, Thomas Q. Hartnick, Christopher J. BE Hartnick, CJ Hansen, MC Gallagher, TQ TI Suprastomal Granuloma SO PEDIATRIC AIRWAY SURGERY SE Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRACHEOTOMY; CHILDREN AB Suprastomal granuloma is one of the most common sequelae of pediatric tracheotomy. Numerous different techniques have been described for their removal including endoscopic and open procedures. The following chapter discusses the intraoperative techniques for open removal of suprastomal granuloma in infants. C1 [Hartnick, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Gallagher, Thomas Q.] USN, LCDR, MC, Dept Otolaryngol,Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Hartnick, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. EM christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu; christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-3071 BN 978-3-8055-9932-0 J9 ADV OTO-RHINO-LARYNG JI Adv.Otorhinolaryngol. PY 2012 VL 73 BP 63 EP 65 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BAE11 UT WOS:000303897800010 PM 22472230 ER PT S AU Gallagher, TQ Hartnick, CJ AF Gallagher, Thomas Q. Hartnick, Christopher J. BE Hartnick, CJ Hansen, MC Gallagher, TQ TI Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Excision SO PEDIATRIC AIRWAY SURGERY SE Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MANAGEMENT AB Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are the most common congenital anomaly of the neck. The most common presentation of TGDCs is a firm, midline mass. The Sistrunk procedure is the recommended treatment for TGDCs. Based on anatomic and embryologic study, Dr. Sistrunk recommended removal of not only the cyst and central portion of the hyoid bone, but also a central core of deep tongue musculature. By doing so, the rate of recurrence is decreased from approximately 50 to 3-5%. In this chapter, the authors will describe the Sistrunk procedure step by step including surgical pearls for success. C1 [Hartnick, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Gallagher, Thomas Q.] USN, LCDR, MC, Dept Otolaryngol,Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Hartnick, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. EM christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu; christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu NR 5 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-3071 BN 978-3-8055-9932-0 J9 ADV OTO-RHINO-LARYNG JI Adv.Otorhinolaryngol. PY 2012 VL 73 BP 66 EP 69 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BAE11 UT WOS:000303897800011 PM 22472231 ER PT S AU Gallagher, TQ Hartnick, CJ AF Gallagher, Thomas Q. Hartnick, Christopher J. BE Hartnick, CJ Hansen, MC Gallagher, TQ TI Bilateral Submandibular Gland Excision and Parotid Duct Ligation SO PEDIATRIC AIRWAY SURGERY SE Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CEREBRAL-PALSY; SIALORRHEA; CHILDREN; MANAGEMENT; RESECTION AB Sialorrhea affects a significant number of children with cerebral palsy and other neuromuscular disorders. It can lead not only to social embarrassment but also to severe medical issues including chronic aspiration. There are numerous medical and surgical options, which include oral medications and transdermal patches, botulinum injection, and various forms of surgical ligation or excision of the major salivary glands. In this chapter, the authors describe the surgical management of sialorrhea, highlighting surgical pearls necessary for success. C1 [Gallagher, Thomas Q.] USN, LCDR, MC, Med Ctr Portsmouth,Dept Otolaryngol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Hartnick, Christopher J.] Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Gallagher, TQ (reprint author), USN, LCDR, MC, Med Ctr Portsmouth,Dept Otolaryngol, Bldg 3,4th Floor,620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM thomasqgallagher@yahoo.com; thomasqgallagher@yahoo.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-3071 BN 978-3-8055-9932-0 J9 ADV OTO-RHINO-LARYNG JI Adv.Otorhinolaryngol. PY 2012 VL 73 BP 70 EP 75 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BAE11 UT WOS:000303897800012 PM 22472232 ER PT S AU Gallagher, TQ Hartnick, CJ AF Gallagher, Thomas Q. Hartnick, Christopher J. BE Hartnick, CJ Hansen, MC Gallagher, TQ TI Tracheocutaneous Fistula Closure SO PEDIATRIC AIRWAY SURGERY SE Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STOMA AB Tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) is one of the recognized sequelae of tracheotomy in the pediatric age group. Persistent TCF can cause considerable morbidity due to recurrent aspiration, and subsequent respiratory infection, difficulty in phonation, ineffective cough, skin irritation, cosmesis, social acceptance, and intolerance to submersion. Methods of TCF closure remain controversial and vary based on the otolaryngologist's preference. The authors' choice is fistulectomy with primary closure in layers as this definitively removes the fistula and provides the patient with a good cosmetic result without the need for any significant postoperative wound care. The following chapter describes our techniques as well as surgical pearls for success. C1 [Hartnick, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Gallagher, Thomas Q.] USN, LCDR, MC, Dept Otolaryngol,Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Hartnick, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. EM christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu; christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu NR 9 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-3071 BN 978-3-8055-9932-0 J9 ADV OTO-RHINO-LARYNG JI Adv.Otorhinolaryngol. PY 2012 VL 73 BP 76 EP 79 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BAE11 UT WOS:000303897800013 PM 22472233 ER PT S AU Ambrosio, A Brigger, MT AF Ambrosio, Art Brigger, Matthew T. BE Hartnick, CJ Hansen, MC Gallagher, TQ TI Pediatric Supraglottoplasty SO PEDIATRIC AIRWAY SURGERY SE Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; LARYNGOMALACIA; ETIOLOGY; INFANTS AB Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital laryngeal abnormality, as well as the most common cause of stridor in infants. Laryngomalacia presents as a wide spectrum of disease from mild noisy breathing with feeding to life-threatening airway obstruction and failure to thrive. The stridor associated with laryngomalacia is generally inspiratory in nature from supraglottic airway collapse. Supraglottoplasty refers to a group of procedures used for the surgical management of laryngomalacia. In this chapter, the authors review laryngomalacia and describe the surgical techniques of supraglottoplasty. C1 [Ambrosio, Art; Brigger, Matthew T.] USN, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Brigger, MT (reprint author), USN, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM matthew.brigger@med.navy.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-3071 BN 978-3-8055-9932-0 J9 ADV OTO-RHINO-LARYNG JI Adv.Otorhinolaryngol. PY 2012 VL 73 BP 101 EP 104 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BAE11 UT WOS:000303897800018 PM 22472238 ER PT S AU Gallagher, TQ Hartnick, CJ AF Gallagher, Thomas Q. Hartnick, Christopher J. BE Hartnick, CJ Hansen, MC Gallagher, TQ TI Endoscopic Choanal Atresia Repair SO PEDIATRIC AIRWAY SURGERY SE Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYPERTHYROIDISM AB Congenital choanal atresia (CA) is relatively rare, with an incidence of 1 in 7,000 births with a majority being the mixed bony-membranous type. There are 5 described methods of CA repair: transpalatal, transnasal, sublabial-transnasal, transantral, and transseptal approaches. Transpalatal and transnasal have been the most popular in the last several decades with transnasal becoming the preferred technique with the advent of endoscopic instruments and techniques. In this chapter, the authors seek to describe their techniques for endoscopic transnasal repair of CA including surgical pearls for success. C1 [Hartnick, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Boston, MA 02116 USA. [Gallagher, Thomas Q.] USN, LCDR, MC, Dept Otolaryngol,Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Hartnick, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otol & Laryngol, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02116 USA. EM christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu; christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-3071 BN 978-3-8055-9932-0 J9 ADV OTO-RHINO-LARYNG JI Adv.Otorhinolaryngol. PY 2012 VL 73 BP 127 EP 131 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BAE11 UT WOS:000303897800024 PM 22472244 ER PT S AU Capra, G Brigger, MT AF Capra, Gregory Brigger, Matthew T. BE Hartnick, CJ Hansen, MC Gallagher, TQ TI Surgery for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency SO PEDIATRIC AIRWAY SURGERY SE Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHARYNGEAL FLAP; SPHINCTER PHARYNGOPLASTY; 10-YEAR EXPERIENCE; SPEECH; MANAGEMENT; COMPLICATIONS; CLOSURE AB Velopharyngeal inadequacy may be learned, neurologic, or anatomic in origin. Velopharyngeal insufficiency specifically refers to an anatomic deficiency, which subsequently impairs resonant control of speech and intraoral pressure for orally directed speech sounds. Preoperative speech therapy is useful, and in some children may provide definitive treatment. However, surgery is the foundation of effective treatment in most patients with anatomic defects and, when used appropriately, has been shown to result in resolution of velopharyngeal insufficiency in 62-98% of cases. In this chapter, the authors review velopharyngeal inadequacy and discuss the techniques necessary for successful surgical treatment. C1 [Capra, Gregory; Brigger, Matthew T.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Brigger, MT (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM matthew.brigger@med.navy.mil NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0065-3071 BN 978-3-8055-9932-0 J9 ADV OTO-RHINO-LARYNG JI Adv.Otorhinolaryngol. PY 2012 VL 73 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA BAE11 UT WOS:000303897800026 PM 22472246 ER PT J AU Silvestrini, RT Parker, PA AF Silvestrini, Rachel T. Parker, Peter A. TI Aerospace Research through Statistical Engineering SO QUALITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE design of experiments; face-centered cube; repeat measures; replication; sample size ID DESIGN AB The application of statistical engineering as described here is applied to fundamental research in support of hypersonic air breathing propulsion. An aerospace experiment that took place in a wind tunnel is the application of interest. One goal of the project was to accurately model the relationship between specific input and output parameters in the hypersonic combustion process within a controlled environment. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in a nontraditional manner to develop the response surface as the final deliverable rather than a tool to optimize a product or process. C1 [Parker, Peter A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeronaut Syst Engn Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Silvestrini, Rachel T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Parker, PA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeronaut Syst Engn Branch, MS 238, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM peter.a.parker@nasa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 292 EP 305 DI 10.1080/08982112.2012.641146 PG 14 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 962CD UT WOS:000305516000016 ER PT S AU Yesinowski, JP AF Yesinowski, James P. BE Chan, JCC TI Solid-State NMR of Inorganic Semiconductors SO SOLID STATE NMR SE Topics in Current Chemistry-Series LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Dopants; Knight shifts; Nanoparticles; NMR; Semiconductors ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SPIN-LATTICE-RELAXATION; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; ELECTRIC-FIELD GRADIENTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR; INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; HEAVILY-DOPED SILICON; COVALENT NONOXIDIC GLASSES; NARROW-GAP SEMICONDUCTORS; SIZED CDSE NANOCRYSTALS AB Studies of inorganic semiconductors by solid-state NMR vary widely in terms of the nature of the samples investigated, the techniques employed to observe the NMR signal, and the types of information obtained. Compared with the NMR of diamagnetic non-semiconducting substances, important differences often result from the presence of electron or hole carriers that are the hallmark of semiconductors, and whose theoretical interpretation can be involved. This review aims to provide a broad perspective on the topic for the non-expert by providing: (1) a basic introduction to semiconductor physical concepts relevant to NMR, including common crystal structures and the various methods of making samples; (2) discussions of the NMR spin Hamiltonian, details of some of the NMR techniques and strategies used to make measurements and theoretically predict NMR parameters, and examples of how each of the terms in the Hamiltonian has provided useful information in bulk semiconductors; (3) a discussion of the additional considerations needed to interpret the NMR of nanoscale semiconductors, with selected examples. The area of semiconductor NMR is being revitalized by this interest in nanoscale semiconductors, the great improvements in NMR detection sensitivity and resolution that have occurred, and the current interest in optical pumping and spintronics-related studies. Promising directions for future research will be noted throughout. C1 USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yesinowski, JP (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yesinowski@nrl.navy.mil NR 380 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 10 U2 81 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-1022 BN 978-3-642-24803-0; 978-3-642-24802-3 J9 TOP CURR CHEM JI Top. Curr. Chem. PY 2012 VL 306 BP 229 EP 312 DI 10.1007/128_2011_208 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-24803-0 PG 84 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BAV03 UT WOS:000305579100007 PM 21898208 ER PT J AU Montgomery, MT Smith, RK AF Montgomery, M. T. Smith, R. K. TI The genesis of Typhoon Nuri as observed during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS08) field experiment - Part 2: Observations of the convective environment SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE CRITICAL LAYER; WESTERN PACIFIC; EASTERLY WAVES; CYCLOGENESIS; VORTICITY AB Analyses of thermodynamic data gathered from airborne dropwindsondes during the Tropical Cyclone Structure (2008) experiment are presented for the disturbance that became Typhoon Nuri. Although previous work has suggested that Nuri formed within the protective recirculating 'pouch' region of a westward propagating wave-like disturbance and implicated rotating deep convective clouds in driving the inflow to spin up the tangential circulation of the system-scale flow, the nature of the thermodynamic environment that supported the genesis remains a topic of debate. During the genesis phase, vertical profiles of virtual potential temperature show little variability between soundings on a particular day and the system-average soundings likewise show a negligible change. There is a tendency also for the lower and middle troposphere to moisten. However, the data show that, on the scale of the recirculating region of the disturbance, there was no noticeable reduction of virtual temperature in the lower troposphere, but a small warming (less than 1 K) in the upper troposphere. Vertical profiles of pseudo-equivalent potential temperature, theta(e), during the genesis show a modestly decreasing deficit of theta(e) in the vertical between the surface and the height of minimum theta(e) (between 3 and 4 km), from 17.5 K to 15.2 K. The findings reported here are consistent with those found for developing disturbances observed in the Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud Systems in the Tropics (PREDICT) experiment in 2010. Some implications of the findings are discussed. C1 [Montgomery, M. T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Smith, R. K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtmontgo@nps.edu FU US Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0185]; NSF [ATM-0733380]; German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [SM30/25-1] FX We are grateful to Tim Dunkerton, Dave Raymond and Ed Zipser for their constructive comments on the original version of manuscript. We would like to thank the US Office of Naval Research for supporting the TCS08 experiment. We would also like to thank Lou Lussier for his expert assistance with the creation of Fig. 2. MTM acknowledges financial support from the US Office of Naval Research Grant No. N00014-03-1-0185 and NSF ATM-0733380. RKS acknowledges financial support for tropical-cyclone research from the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) from Grant No. SM30/25-1. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 9 BP 4001 EP 4009 DI 10.5194/acp-12-4001-2012 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942OT UT WOS:000304055600010 ER PT J AU Wheeler, DL Mintz, L AF Wheeler, Deborah L. Mintz, Lauren BE Cameron, S TI Girls just want to have fun? Internet leisure and women's empowerment in Jordan SO HANDBOOK ON THE ECONOMICS OF LEISURE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wheeler, Deborah L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Mintz, Lauren] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wheeler, DL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84844-404-1 PY 2012 BP 496 EP 516 PG 21 WC Economics; Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BYK02 UT WOS:000299073900024 ER PT S AU Dermer, C Lott, B AF Dermer, Charles Lott, Benoit GP IOP TI On leptonic models for blazars in the Fermi era SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON BEAMED AND UNBEAMED GAMMA-RAYS FROM GALAXIES SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beamed and Unbeamed Gamma-Rays from Galaxies CY APR 11-15, 2011 CL Muonio, FINLAND SP Cluster Excellence Origin & Struct Universe ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; RAY BRIGHT BLAZARS; GAMMA-RAY; 3C 454.3; BL-LAC; PKS 1510-089; INNER JET; RADIATION; EMISSION AB Some questions raised by Fermi-LAT data about blazars are summarized, along with attempts at solutions within the context of leptonic models. These include both spectral and statistical questions, including the origin of the GeV breaks in low-synchrotron peaked blazars, the location of the gamma-ray emission sites, the correlations in the spectral energy distributions with luminosity, and the difficulty of synchrotron/SSC models to fit the spectra of some TeV blazars. C1 [Dermer, Charles] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lott, Benoit] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5797, Ctr Etudes Nucleaire, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Dermer, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM charles.dermer@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Fermi Guest Investigator program FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Fermi Guest Investigator program. We thank Paola Grandi for preparing Fig. 1 and stressing the unusual properties of LAT-detected radio galaxies, and Maxim Barkov, Amir Levinson, Govind Menon, Juri Poutanen, Anita Reimer, and Boris Stern for discussions. CD would also like to thank the organizers, especially Robert Wagner, for the opportunity to visit Finland. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 355 AR 012010 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/355/1/012010 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BAP12 UT WOS:000304981300010 ER PT J AU Liao, FL Zeng, ZY Eley, C Lu, Q Hong, XL Tsang, SCE AF Liao, Fenglin Zeng, Ziyan Eley, Clive Lu, Qin Hong, Xinlin Tsang, Shik Chi Edman TI Electronic Modulation of a Copper/Zinc Oxide Catalyst by a Heterojunction for Selective Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE heterogeneous catalysis; carbon dioxide; heterojunctions; hydrogenation; methanol ID ZNO NANOSTRUCTURES; GAP; CO2 C1 [Liao, Fenglin; Zeng, Ziyan; Hong, Xinlin; Tsang, Shik Chi Edman] Wuhan Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Liao, Fenglin; Eley, Clive; Lu, Qin; Tsang, Shik Chi Edman] Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Wolfson Catalysis Ctr, Oxford OX1 3QR, England. [Lu, Qin] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hong, XL (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. EM hongxl@whu.edu.cn; edman.tsang@chem.ox.ac.uk FU NSFC [20903074]; Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China FX This research was supported by the NSFC (grant number 20903074) and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China. TEM characterization was performed by the University of St Andrews (UK) through the EPSRC access scheme. NR 27 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 14 U2 137 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2012 VL 51 IS 24 BP 5832 EP 5836 DI 10.1002/anie.201200903 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 952TD UT WOS:000304814400006 PM 22419510 ER PT S AU Golden, JP Hashemi, N Erickson, JS Ligler, FS AF Golden, Joel P. Hashemi, Nastaran Erickson, Jeffrey S. Ligler, Frances S. BE Miller, BL Fauchet, PM TI A microflow cytometer for optical analysis of phytoplankton SO FRONTIERS IN BIOLOGICAL DETECTION: FROM NANOSENSORS TO SYSTEMS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Frontiers in Biological Detection - From Nanosensors to Systems IV CY JAN 21-22, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE flow cytometry; microfluidics; multi-analyte assay; phytoplankton; algae; microflow cytometer ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; FLOW; OCEAN; INDICATORS; RETRIEVAL AB Analysis of the intrinsic scatter and fluorescence profiles of marine algae can be used for general classification of organisms based on cell size and fluorescence properties. We describe the design and fabrication of a Microflow Cytometer on a chip for characterization of phytoplankton. The Microflow Cytometer measured distinct side-scatter and fluorescence properties of Synechococcus sp., Nitzschia d., and Thalassiosira p. Measurements were confirmed using the benchtop Accuri C6 flow cytometer. The Microflow Cytometer proved sensitive enough to detect and characterize picoplankton with diameter approximately 1 mm and larger phytoplankton of up to 80 mm in length. The wide range in size discrimination coupled with detection of intrinsic fluorescent pigments suggests that this Microflow Cytometer will be able to distinguish different populations of phytoplankton on unmanned underwater vehicles. Reversing the orientation of the grooves in the channel walls returns the sample stream to its original unsheathed position allowing separation of the sample stream from the sheath streams and the recycling of the sheath fluid. C1 [Golden, Joel P.; Erickson, Jeffrey S.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Golden, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joel.golden@nrl.navy.mil RI Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011; Hashemi, Nastaran/A-7645-2012 OI Hashemi, Nastaran/0000-0001-8921-7588 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8855-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8212 AR 82120G DI 10.1117/12.905679 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BAP66 UT WOS:000305064900009 ER PT J AU Zhang, YQ Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Zhang, Yanqiang Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Synthesis and properties of 3,4,5-trinitropyrazole-1-ol and its energetic salts SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DETONATIONS; CHEMISTRY AB 3,4,5-Trinitropyrazole-1-ol and its nitrogen-rich salts were synthesized and well characterized by H-1, C-13 NMR (some with N-15 NMR), and IR spectroscopy, and by elemental analysis. Additionally, the structures of the ammonium and triazolium 3,4,5-trinitropyrazole-olates were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. With respect to measured or calculated properties, such as thermal stability (T-d, 118-186 degrees C), density (1.72-1.90 g cm(-3)), detonation performance (P, 28.77-36.40 GPa; vD, 8175-8676 m s(-1)), and impact sensitivity (1-40 J), 3,4,5-trinitropyrazole-1-ol and its salts have the potential to be useful energetic materials. C1 [Zhang, Yanqiang; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu OI zhang, yan qiang/0000-0001-5577-0529 FU ONR [N00014-10-1-0097] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of ONR (N00014-10-1-0097). NR 26 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 25 BP 12659 EP 12665 DI 10.1039/c2jm31535a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 953PV UT WOS:000304884000035 ER PT S AU Bayya, S Sanghera, J Kim, W Villalobos, G Aggarwal, I AF Bayya, Shyam Sanghera, Jasbinder Kim, Woohong Villalobos, Guillermo Aggarwal, Ishwar BE Jiang, S Digonnet, MJF Dries, JC TI Recent advancements in multiband IR sensor windows SO OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Components and Materials IX CY JAN 25-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Window; SWIR; MWIR; LWIR; spinel; MILTRAN AB We have developed several rugged materials for multiband applications in the 0.2-12.0 mu m wavelength region. These materials include spinel ceramic and barium gallogermanate (BGG) glass which transmit in the UV, visible, SWIR and MWIR wavelength region. They also include MILTRAN (TM) and IR glasses which transmit in the SWIR, MWIR and LWIR. These materials have superior mechanical and optical properties compared to the currently used materials on various Navy / DoD systems. Spinel ceramic is comparable to sapphire in its ruggedness but it overcomes the birefringence and poor 4-5 mu m transmission of sapphire. Spinel has also been made into large size windows as well as domes for several applications. BGG glass is very useful for systems requiring very large windows with visible - MWIR transmission. High optical quality BGG glass windows in sizes up to 20 '' in diameter have been made. MILTRAN (TM) is >3 times harder and stronger than ZnS and can provide a rugged window or dome for broadband sensors. IR glass can be easily made in complex shapes. BGG glass and spinel ceramic laminated dome was developed for tri-mode seeker. MILTRAN (TM) and IR glasses can be combined to make achromats for multispectral imaging systems. C1 [Bayya, Shyam; Sanghera, Jasbinder; Kim, Woohong; Villalobos, Guillermo] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bayya, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5620,4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8900-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8257 AR 825703 DI 10.1117/12.910149 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BAO44 UT WOS:000304905100002 ER PT S AU Busse, L Florea, C Shaw, B Sanghera, J Nguyen, V Chin, G Aggarwal, I AF Busse, Lynda Florea, Catalin Shaw, Brandon Sanghera, Jas Vinh Nguyen Chin, Geoff Aggarwal, Ishwar BE Jiang, S Digonnet, MJF Dries, JC TI Recent developments in the fabrication of infrared fiber Bragg gratings SO OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Components and Materials IX CY JAN 25-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Bragg grating; infrared-transmitting fiber; photosensitivity AB We report on the study of adding metal dopants in chalcogenide glasses to enhance the photosensitivity of the fiber core versus cladding compositions, with goal to enable high reflectivity gratings in infrared-transmitting fibers. Results for the optical and thermal properties of these glasses will be presented, as well as for gratings formation in the glasses using various writing wavelengths for the different doped compositions. C1 [Busse, Lynda; Shaw, Brandon; Sanghera, Jas; Vinh Nguyen] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Busse, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5620,4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8900-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8257 AR 82570G DI 10.1117/12.909302 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BAO44 UT WOS:000304905100015 ER PT S AU Cunningham, PD Boercker, JE Foos, EE Lumb, MP Smith, AR Tischler, JG Melinger, JS AF Cunningham, Paul D. Boercker, Janice E. Foos, Edward E. Lumb, Matthew P. Smith, Anthony R. Tischler, Joseph G. Melinger, Joseph S. BE Freundlich, A Guillemoles, JFF TI Multiple exciton generation in PbSe nanorods SO PHYSICS, SIMULATION, AND PHOTONIC ENGINEERING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics, Simulation and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices CY JAN 23-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE multiple exciton generation; carrier multiplication; nanocrystal; nanorod; PbSe ID QUANTUM DOTS; CARRIER-MULTIPLICATION; SOLAR-CELLS; IMPACT IONIZATION; EFFICIENCY; NANOCRYSTALS; RELAXATION; SILICON AB While multiple exciton generation (MEG) is known to occur more efficiently in semiconductor nanocrystals than in the bulk, the required energy threshold prevents visible photons from being utilized. We report two-color pump-probe measurements demonstrating a two-fold increase in the MEG efficiency of solution samples of PbSe quasi one-dimensional nanorods over zero-dimensional nanocrystals to a value of 0.78, where 1 is the largest efficiency possible. This improvement is accompanied by a reduction of the MEG threshold energy to 2.28E(g), which allows visible photons to participate in MEG. This approaches the theoretical limit for the threshold energy of 2E(g) imposed by energy conservation. Detailed balance calculations show that, unlike nanocrystals, photovoltaic cells based on PbSe nanorods can use MEG to improve power conversion efficiencies, particularly when used in conjunction with solar concentrators. C1 [Cunningham, Paul D.; Boercker, Janice E.; Foos, Edward E.; Lumb, Matthew P.; Smith, Anthony R.; Tischler, Joseph G.; Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cunningham, PD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.cunningham.ctr@nrl.navy.mil NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8899-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8256 AR 825610 DI 10.1117/12.908939 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BAO43 UT WOS:000304904000023 ER PT S AU Hoheisel, R Messenger, S Scheiman, D Jenkins, PP Walters, RJ AF Hoheisel, R. Messenger, S. Scheiman, D. Jenkins, P. P. Walters, R. J. BE Freundlich, A Guillemoles, JFF TI Analysis of Radiation Hardness and Subcell I-V Characteristics of GaInP/GaAs/Ge Solar Cells Using Electroluminescence Measurements SO PHYSICS, SIMULATION, AND PHOTONIC ENGINEERING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics, Simulation and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices CY JAN 23-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Solar cell; Multi-junction; Degradation; Electroluminescence; Space; III-V; GaInP; GaAs; Ge ID SPACE AB The voltage degradation of GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells after exposure to proton irradiation is analyzed using electroluminescence (EL) measurements. It is shown that EL measurements in combination with the reciprocity relationship allow accurate determination of the degradation of the open-circuit voltage (V-infinity) of each individual subcell. The impact of different proton energies on the voltage degradation of each subcell is analyzed. For solar cells exposed to extremely high radiation levels, a correlation between the degradation of the quantum efficiency of the Ge subcell and its EL properties is presented. C1 [Hoheisel, R.] George Washington Univ, 2121 1 St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Hoheisel, R.; Messenger, S.; Scheiman, D.; Jenkins, P. P.; Walters, R. J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hoheisel, R (reprint author), George Washington Univ, 2121 1 St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; EMCORE Corporation FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and EMCORE Corporation. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8899-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8256 AR 82561X DI 10.1117/12.910031 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BAO43 UT WOS:000304904000045 ER PT S AU Lumb, MP Gonzalez, M Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Abell, J Yakes, M Hoheisel, R Tischler, JG Jenkins, PP Stavrinou, PN Fuhrer, M Ekins-Daukes, NJ Walters, RJ AF Lumb, Matthew P. Gonzalez, Maria Vurgaftman, Igor Meyer, Jerry R. Abell, Joshua Yakes, Michael Hoheisel, Raymond Tischler, Joseph. G. Jenkins, Phillip P. Stavrinou, Paul. N. Fuhrer, Markus Ekins-Daukes, Ned J. Walters, Robert J. BE Freundlich, A Guillemoles, JFF TI Simulation of novel InAlAsSb solar cells SO PHYSICS, SIMULATION, AND PHOTONIC ENGINEERING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics, Simulation and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices CY JAN 23-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE InAlAsSb; Solar Cell; Multijunction; Modeling ID III-V COMPOUNDS; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; ALLOYS; ALXGA1-XAS; PARAMETERS; EPITAXY; GROWTH; LAYERS; MODEL; INAS AB This work uses simulations to predict the performance of InAlAsSb solar cells for use as the top cell of triple junction cells lattice matched to InP. The InP-based material system has the potential to achieve extremely high efficiencies due the availability of lattice matched materials close to the ideal bandgaps for solar energy conversion. The band-parameters, optical properties and minority carrier transport properties are modeled based on literature data for the InAlAsSb quaternary, and an analytical drift-diffusion model is used to realistically predict the solar cell performance. C1 [Lumb, Matthew P.; Gonzalez, Maria; Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry R.; Abell, Joshua; Yakes, Michael; Hoheisel, Raymond; Tischler, Joseph. G.; Jenkins, Phillip P.; Walters, Robert J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lumb, Matthew P.; Hoheisel, Raymond] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Gonzalez, Maria] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Stavrinou, Paul. N.; Fuhrer, Markus; Ekins-Daukes, Ned J.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Lumb, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Yakes, Michael/E-5510-2011; OI Stavrinou, Paul/0000-0001-6075-2587 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8899-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8256 AR 82560S DI 10.1117/12.909324 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BAO43 UT WOS:000304904000018 ER PT S AU Polly, SJ Bailey, CG Bittner, ZS Dai, YS Fernandez, EG Hubbard, SM AF Polly, Stephen J. Bailey, Christopher G. Bittner, Zachary S. Dai, Yushuai Fernandez, Elias G. Hubbard, Seth M. BE Freundlich, A Guillemoles, JFF TI Spectroscopic analysis of InAs quantum dot solar cells SO PHYSICS, SIMULATION, AND PHOTONIC ENGINEERING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics, Simulation and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices CY JAN 23-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB The operation of solar cells incorporating multiple repeat units of InAs quantum dot structures, as well as those with and without d-doping of 4 and 8 electrons per quantum dot, were studied. Room temperature measurements of these samples revealed high quality devices, but insignificant differences between d-doped samples and undoped samples. An IR-pumped quantum efficiency measurement was performed at 6 K to probe the extraction of quantum confined carriers through a two-photon process while shutting off phonon-assisted extraction. No two-photon signal rose above the noise, but additional sub-bandgap illuminated IV curves revealed current generation in the quantum dot devices, suggesting the dominant carrier removal mechanism is through tunneling. Finally, dark-diode data was taken and fit to determine ideality factor as a function of temperature. Control devices had an overall larger ideality, while QD devices exhibited variations as a function of temperature, which were attributed to kinetic barriers in the first QD layers, as well as possible Auger recombination at very low temperature. C1 [Polly, Stephen J.; Bittner, Zachary S.; Dai, Yushuai; Fernandez, Elias G.; Hubbard, Seth M.] Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Bailey, Christopher G.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Polly, SJ (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RI Polly, Stephen/C-1776-2015 OI Polly, Stephen/0000-0002-7563-6738 FU NSF [DMR-0955752]; DOE [DE-FG36-08GO18012]; NASA [SAA3-844]; US Government FX The authors would like to thank Michael Slocum, Dr. Chris Kerestes, and Dr. David Forbes for their contributions to this work. This work was supported by the following grants: NSF DMR-0955752, DOE DE-FG36-08GO18012, NASA SAA3-844, and the US Government. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8899-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8256 AR 825615 DI 10.1117/12.911004 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BAO43 UT WOS:000304904000026 ER PT J AU Paoli, L Greenfield, VA Reuter, P AF Paoli, Letizia Greenfield, Victoria A. Reuter, Peter TI Change is Possible: The History of the International Drug Control Regime and Implications for Future Policymaking SO SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE LA English DT Article DE drug control regime; prohibition; regulation; UN conventions; illegal drugs; opiates; heroin ID OPIUM; IRAN; TRADE AB The article, based upon an extensive literature review, reconstructs and analyzes the parallel evolution of the international drug control regime and the world opiate market, assessing the impact of the former on the latter until the rise of present-day mass markets. It shows that, since its inception, the regime has focused almost entirely on matters of supply. However, that focus has not always meant "prohibition"; until 1961, the key principle of the regime was "regulation." Given the different forms drug control policy has taken in the past, the authors conclude it may be amenable to new forms in the future. C1 [Paoli, Letizia] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Law, Leuven Inst Criminol, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Greenfield, Victoria A.] USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Reuter, Peter] Univ Maryland, Sch Publ Policy, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reuter, Peter] Univ Maryland, Dept Criminol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reuter, Peter] Univ Maryland, Program Econ Crime & Justice Policy, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Paoli, L (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Law, Leuven Inst Criminol, Hooverpl 10-11, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. EM letizia.paoli@law.kuleuven.be NR 56 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1082-6084 J9 SUBST USE MISUSE JI Subst. Use Misuse PY 2012 VL 47 IS 8-9 BP 923 EP 935 DI 10.3109/10826084.2012.663592 PG 13 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 954AH UT WOS:000304915500006 PM 22676563 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Ray, RI Little, BJ Duncan, KE Oldham, AL Davidova, IA Suflita, JM AF Lee, Jason S. Ray, Richard I. Little, Brenda J. Duncan, Kathleen E. Oldham, Athenia L. Davidova, Irene A. Suflita, Joseph M. TI Sulphide production and corrosion in seawaters during exposure to FAME diesel SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE seawater; carbon steel; FAME diesel; sulphide; microbiologically influenced corrosion ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; MARINE-BACTERIA; LOW-TEMPERATURE; WASTE-WATER; SP. NOV.; OIL; BIODIESEL; GENES; FUEL; CONTAMINATION AB Experiments were designed to evaluate the corrosion-related consequences of storing/transporting fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) alternative diesel fuel in contact with natural seawater. Coastal Key West, FL (KW), and Persian Gulf (PG) seawaters, representing an oligotrophic and a more organic- and inorganic mineral-rich environment, respectively, were used in 60 day incubations with unprotected carbon steel. The original microflora of the two seawaters were similar with respect to major taxonomic groups but with markedly different species. After exposure to FAME diesel, the microflora of the waters changed substantially, with Clostridiales (Firmicutes) becoming dominant in both. Despite low numbers of sulphate-reducing bacteria in the original waters and after FAME diesel exposure, sulphide levels and corrosion increased markedly due to microbial sulphide production. Corrosion morphology was in the form of isolated pits surrounded by an intact, passive surface with the deepest pits associated with the fuel/seawater interface in the KW exposure. In the presence of FAME diesel, the highest corrosion rates measured by linear polarization occurred in the KW exposure correlating with significantly higher concentrations of sulphur and chlorine (presumed sulphide and chloride, respectively) in the corrosion products. C1 [Lee, Jason S.; Ray, Richard I.; Little, Brenda J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Duncan, Kathleen E.; Oldham, Athenia L.; Davidova, Irene A.; Suflita, Joseph M.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Duncan, Kathleen E.; Oldham, Athenia L.; Davidova, Irene A.; Suflita, Joseph M.] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Energy & Environm, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jason.lee@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001411WX21441, N000141010946] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under awards N0001411WX21441 and N000141010946. NRL Publication number NRL/JA/7330-12-1037. NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2012 VL 28 IS 5 BP 465 EP 478 DI 10.1080/08927014.2012.687723 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 949UO UT WOS:000304601700002 PM 22594394 ER PT J AU Haverhals, LM Nevin, LM Foley, MP Brown, EK De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Haverhals, Luke M. Nevin, Laura M. Foley, Matthew P. Brown, E. Kathryn De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Fluorescence monitoring of ionic liquid-facilitated biopolymer mobilization and reorganization SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ALL-CELLULOSE NANOCOMPOSITE; DISSOLUTION; SURFACE; FIBERS AB Ionic liquid-facilitated mobilization and reorganization of biopolymers in natural fibrous materials is visualized by confocal fluorescent spectromicroscopy. Ionic liquid-based processes controllably fuse adjacent fibres while simultaneously leaving selected amounts of biopolymers in their native states. These processes generate congealed materials with extended intermolecular hydrogen bonding networks and enhanced properties. C1 [Haverhals, Luke M.; Nevin, Laura M.; Foley, Matthew P.; Brown, E. Kathryn; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, 572M Holloway Rd,MS-9B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM trulove@usna.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Naval Academy FX We are grateful to the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and U.S. Naval Academy for funding portions of this work. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Air Force or the U.S. Navy. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 51 BP 6417 EP 6419 DI 10.1039/c2cc31507f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 949VY UT WOS:000304605700029 ER PT S AU Craparo, EM AF Craparo, Emily M. BE Boginski, VL Commander, CW Pardalos, PM Ye, Y TI Constrained Node Placement and Assignment in Mobile Backbone Networks SO SENSORS: THEORY, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUBMODULAR SET FUNCTIONS; POWER-CONTROL; CELLULAR NETWORKS; APPROXIMATIONS; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM AB This chapter describes new algorithms for mobile backbone network optimization. In this hierarchical communication framework, mobile backbone nodes (MBNs) are deployed to provide communication support for regular nodes (RNs). While previous work has assumed that MBNs are unconstrained in position, this work models constraints in MBN location. This chapter develops an exact technique for maximizing the number of RNs that achieve a threshold throughput level, as well as a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for this problem. We show that the approximation algorithm carries a performance guarantee of 1/2 and demonstrated that this guarantee is tight in some problem instances. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Craparo, EM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM emcrapar@nps.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-0-387-88618-3 J9 SPRINGER SER OPTIM A PY 2012 VL 61 BP 19 EP 35 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-88619-0_2 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-88619-0 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BZC60 UT WOS:000301099400002 ER PT J AU Shields, AR Spillmann, CM Naciri, J Howell, PB Thangawng, AL Ligler, FS AF Shields, Adam R. Spillmann, Christopher M. Naciri, Jawad Howell, Peter B., Jr. Thangawng, Abel L. Ligler, Frances S. TI Hydrodynamically directed multiscale assembly of shaped polymer fibers SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID NONCIRCULAR CARBON-FIBERS; THIN-FILMS; COMPOSITES; NANOFIBERS; MICROFLUIDICS; NANOTUBES; DESIGN; SILK AB A long-sought goal of material science is the development of fabrication processes by which synthetic materials can be made to mimic the multiscale organization many natural materials utilize to achieve unique functional and material properties. Here we demonstrate how the microfluidic fabrication of polymer fibers can take advantage of hydrodynamic forces to simultaneously direct assembly at the molecular and micron scales. The microfluidic device generates long fibers by initiating polymerization of a continuously flowing fluid via UV irradiation within the microfluidic channel. Prior to polymerization, hydrodynamic shear forces direct molecular scale assembly and a combination of hydrodynamic focusing and advection driven by grooves in the channel walls manipulate the cross-sectional shape of the pre-polymer stream. Polymerization subsequently locks in both molecular scale alignment and micron-scale fiber shape. This simple method for generating structures with multiscale organization could be useful for fabricating materials with multifunctionality or enhanced mechanical properties. C1 [Shields, Adam R.; Thangawng, Abel L.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil RI Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012 OI Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145 FU NRL/ONR [MA 042-06-41 WU 9899]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This work was funded by NRL/ONR MA 042-06-41 WU 9899 and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. ARS and ALT contributed to this research as National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellows. The views are those of the authors and do not represent the opinion or policy of the US Navy or Department of Defense. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 24 BP 6656 EP 6660 DI 10.1039/c2sm07429j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 950RC UT WOS:000304665400029 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Groshens, TJ AF Davis, Matthew C. Groshens, Thomas J. TI 6-DIALKYLAMINOBENZIMIDAZOLE NONLINEAR OPTICAL DYES SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Benzimidazole; chromophore; nonlinear optical ID FACTORS CONTROLLING REGIOSELECTIVITY; ALPHA-ENONES; BENZIMIDAZOLE; DERIVATIVES; INHIBITORS; ADDITIONS; NITRILES; DESIGN; AGENTS AB A new 6-dialkylaminobenzimidazole nonlinear optical dye was synthesized in eight linear steps with an overall yield of 16%. C1 [Davis, Matthew C.; Groshens, Thomas J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2012 VL 42 IS 18 BP 2664 EP 2675 DI 10.1080/00397911.2011.564342 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 949RL UT WOS:000304593400003 ER PT S AU Bashkansky, M Fatemi, FK Vurgaftman, I AF Bashkansky, Mark Fatemi, Fredrik K. Vurgaftman, Igor BE Hasan, ZU Hemmer, PR Lee, H Santori, CM TI Quantum Memory in warm Rb vapor with buffer gas SO ADVANCES IN PHOTONICS OF QUANTUM COMPUTING, MEMORY, AND COMMUNICATION V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication V CY JAN 23-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Quantum memory; Warm atomic vapor; Buffer gas; Rubidium ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; LINEAR OPTICS AB Quantum memory is considered to be one of the key elements in the fields of quantum computing and quantum communication. Warm atomic vapor cells for quantum memory in DLCZ (for Duan, Lukin, Cirac, and Zoller) protocol are appealing due to the perceived reduction in experimental complexity and commercial availability. However, reported results on quantum memory using warm vapor cells were done under widely different experimental conditions and produced ambiguous results. In order for the memory to exhibit non-classical behavior, to a high degree of certainty, the cross-correlation value between the Stokes and anti-Stokes photons needs to be greater than two. In this work we demonstrate quantum memory with cross-correlation value between the Stokes and anti-Stokes photons greater than two lasting for 4 mu s using warm Rb vapor with buffer gas for nearly co-propagating write and read beams. C1 [Bashkansky, Mark; Fatemi, Fredrik K.; Vurgaftman, Igor] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bashkansky, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bashkansky@nrl.navy.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8915-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8272 AR 827217 DI 10.1117/12.906433 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAH09 UT WOS:000304136300016 ER PT J AU Ehlers, F Sofge, D Chitre, M Potter, J AF Ehlers, Frank Sofge, Don Chitre, Mandar Potter, John TI Distributed Mobile Sensor Networks for Hazardous Applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ehlers, Frank] Bundeswehr Tech Ctr Ships & Naval Weap, Res Dept Underwater Acoust & Marine Geophys, Naval Technol & Res WTD 71, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Sofge, Don] USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chitre, Mandar] Natl Univ Singapore, Acoust Res Lab, Singapore 119077, Singapore. [Potter, John] NATO Undersea Res Ctr NURC, Syst Technol Dept, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. RP Ehlers, F (reprint author), Bundeswehr Tech Ctr Ships & Naval Weap, Res Dept Underwater Acoust & Marine Geophys, Naval Technol & Res WTD 71, Klausdorfer Weg 2, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. EM drfrank.ehlers@gmail.com RI Chitre, Mandar/B-1675-2016 OI Chitre, Mandar/0000-0001-6243-7871 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1550-1329 J9 INT J DISTRIB SENS N JI Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. PY 2012 AR 970831 DI 10.1155/2012/970831 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 938XV UT WOS:000303767800001 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, Douglas TI The Hunt for Martin Caballero SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Colombia; COIN; Security Assistance; FARC AB While the success of Colombia's fight against illegal armed groups, led by Fuerzas armadas revolucionarias de Colombia - ejercito del pueblo (FARC-EP), is generally lauded as evidence of the effectiveness of both COIN doctrine and security assistance, the configuration of Colombia's counterinsurgency effort remains largely unstudied. This article will explain the success of one of those campaigns carried out principally by the Colombian marines (Colmar) in an area of northern Colombia known as the Montes de Maria. Contingent factors shaped the success of this campaign, beginning with the fact that the Montes de Maria forms an area where insurgents, relative late comers to the region, found it difficult to put down deep roots. However, operations to eradicate them were complicated by the inexperience of the Colmar, and by constraints placed by Colombia's Constitutional Court on COIN methods modeled on those successfully applied by the British in Malaya and Kenya. Therefore, Colmar officers initiated their five-year campaign by building up a base of popular support in the towns and targeting insurgent logistical networks. This bought time to strengthen the Colmar's combat and intelligence capabilities, and take the offensive that eventually isolated and killed the leader of the FARC in the Montes de Maria, Martin Caballero. Unfortunately, the failure of the Colombian government to follow up the Colmar victory by installing a regional and local governments viewed as legitimate by the population, and to resolve long standing land tenure issues, has meant that, so far, the Colmar looks to have delivered a tactical victory in a strategic vacuum. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 243 EP 270 DI 10.1080/01402390.2011.563914 PG 28 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 936BT UT WOS:000303566600005 ER PT J AU Owens, MT AF Owens, Mackubin Thomas TI Hard Line: The Republican Party and US Foreign Policy since World War II SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Owens, Mackubin Thomas] USN, War Coll, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Owens, MT (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2012 VL 35 IS 2 BP 274 EP 278 PG 5 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 936BT UT WOS:000303566600007 ER PT J AU Fechter, LD Fisher, JW Chapman, GD Mokashi, VP Ortiz, PA Reboulet, JE Stubbs, JE Lear, AM McInturf, SM Prues, SL Gearhart, CA Fulton, S Mattie, DR AF Fechter, L. D. Fisher, J. W. Chapman, G. D. Mokashi, V. P. Ortiz, P. A. Reboulet, J. E. Stubbs, J. E. Lear, A. M. McInturf, S. M. Prues, S. L. Gearhart, C. A. Fulton, S. Mattie, D. R. TI SUBCHRONIC JP-8 JET FUEL EXPOSURE ENHANCES VULNERABILITY TO NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS IN RATS SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID ETHYL BENZENE; INDUCED OTOTOXICITY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; TOLUENE; STYRENE; POTENTIATION; ACRYLONITRILE; PROMOTION; WORKERS AB Both laboratory and epidemiological studies published over the past two decades have identified the risk of excess hearing loss when specific chemical contaminants are present along with noise. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potency of JP-8 jet fuel to enhance noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) using inhalation exposure to fuel and simultaneous exposure to either continuous or intermittent noise exposure over a 4-wk exposure period using both male and female Fischer 344 rats. In the initial study, male (n = 5) and female (n = 5) rats received inhalation exposure to JP-8 fuel for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for 4 wk at concentrations of 200, 750, or 1500 mg/m(3). Parallel groups of rats also received nondamaging noise (constant octave band noise at 85 dB(lin)) in combination with the fuel, noise alone (75, 85, or 95 dB), or no exposure to fuel or noise. Significant concentration-related impairment of auditory function measured by distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and compound action potential (CAP) threshold was seen in rats exposed to combined JP-8 plus noise exposure when JP-8 levels of 1500 mg/m(3) were presented with trends toward impairment seen with 750 mg/m(3) JP-8 + noise. JP-8 alone exerted no significant effect on auditory function. In addition, noise was able to disrupt the DPOAE and increase auditory thresholds only when noise exposure was at 95 dB. In a subsequent study, male (n = 5 per group) and female (n = 5 per group) rats received 1000 mg/m(3) JP-8 for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for 4 wk with and without exposure to 102 dB octave band noise that was present for 15 min out of each hour (total noise duration 90 min). Comparisons were made to rats receiving only noise, and those C1 [Fechter, L. D.; Gearhart, C. A.; Fulton, S.] Jerry L Pettis Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. [Fisher, J. W.] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Chapman, G. D.; Mokashi, V. P.; Ortiz, P. A.; Reboulet, J. E.; Lear, A. M.; McInturf, S. M.; Prues, S. L.] USN, Med Res Unit Dayton, Dayton, OH USA. [Stubbs, J. E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Dayton, OH USA. RP Fechter, LD (reprint author), Loma Linda VA Med Ctr, 11201 Benton St, Loma Linda, CA 92357 USA. EM larry.fechter@va.gov FU VA Rehabilitation Research and Development Service [6006, C4613L]; U.S. Air Force Surgeon General (SGR) [711 HPW/RHPB]; Henry Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine; Jerry Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center; Navy work unit [61062] FX Support for this research was obtained from the VA Rehabilitation Research and Development Service under Merit award 6006 and Career Scientist Award C4613L. Support for this research was also obtained from the U.S. Air Force Surgeon General (SGR) and managed through 711 HPW/RHPB, Henry Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Jerry Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, and Navy work unit number 61062. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, VA, U.S. FDA or the U.S. government. This article is approved for public release, distribution unlimited. The authors are military service members (or employees of the U.S. government). This work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. 105 provides that copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States government. Title 17 U.S.C. 101 defines a U.S. government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. government as part of that person's official duties. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2012 VL 75 IS 5 BP 299 EP 317 DI 10.1080/15287394.2012.652060 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 936ME UT WOS:000303593700004 PM 22409492 ER PT J AU Landsberg, CR Astwood, RS Van Buskirk, WL Townsend, LN Steinhauser, NB Mercado, AD AF Landsberg, Carla R. Astwood, Randy S., Jr. Van Buskirk, Wendi L. Townsend, Lisa N. Steinhauser, Natalie B. Mercado, Alyssa D. TI Review of Adaptive Training System Techniques SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DESIGN STRATEGIES; CONCEPT-ACQUISITION; SELECTING NUMBER; PRIOR KNOWLEDGE; FEEDBACK; PERFORMANCE; EXAMPLES; STYLE AB The current review examined theoretical and empirical adaptive training systems research. Through our review of the literature, we identified different models of adaptive training, such as the macro, micro, aptitude-treatment interaction, and two-step approaches. Additionally, we identified different learner characteristics, such as personality and prior knowledge, that can be used as the basis for tailoring instructional content or difficulty. Finally, our review revealed that several empirical questions and considerations remain, such as adaptive training system evaluation, the relative effectiveness of different approaches, and interactions between individual difference variables and those chosen for adaptation. C1 [Landsberg, Carla R.; Astwood, Randy S., Jr.; Van Buskirk, Wendi L.; Townsend, Lisa N.; Steinhauser, Natalie B.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. [Mercado, Alyssa D.] KAEGAN Corp, Orlando, FL USA. RP Landsberg, CR (reprint author), Code 4651,12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM Carla.Landsberg@navy.mil NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 96 EP 113 DI 10.1080/08995605.2012.672903 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 936FO UT WOS:000303576500002 ER PT J AU Swartz, RA Zimmerman, AT Lynch, JP Rosario, J Brady, T Salvino, L Law, KH AF Swartz, R. Andrew Zimmerman, Andrew T. Lynch, Jerome P. Rosario, Jesus Brady, Thomas Salvino, Liming Law, Kincho H. TI Hybrid wireless hull monitoring system for naval combat vessels SO STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE naval vessels; structural monitoring; hull monitoring; wireless sensor networks AB There is increasing interest by the naval engineering community in permanent monitoring systems that can monitor the structural behaviour of ships during their operation at sea. This study seeks to reduce the cost and installation complexity of hull monitoring systems by introducing wireless sensors into their architectural designs. Wireless sensor networks also provide other advantages over their cable-based counterparts such as adaptability, redundancy, and weight savings. While wireless sensors can enhance functionality and reduce cost, the compartmentalised layout of most ships requires some wired networking to communicate data globally throughout the ship. In this study, 20 wireless sensing nodes are connected to a ship-wide fibre-optic data network to serve as a hybrid wireless hull monitoring system on a high-speed littoral combat vessel (FSF-1 Sea Fighter). The wireless hull monitoring system is used to collect acceleration and strain data during unattended operation during a one-month period at sea. The key findings of this study include that wireless sensors can be effectively used for reliable and accurate hull monitoring. Furthermore, the fact that they are low-cost can lead to higher sensor densities in a hull monitoring system thereby allowing properties, such as hull mode shapes, to be accurately calculated. C1 [Zimmerman, Andrew T.; Lynch, Jerome P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Swartz, R. Andrew] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Lynch, Jerome P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rosario, Jesus; Brady, Thomas; Salvino, Liming] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. [Law, Kincho H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lynch, JP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2350 Hayward Ave,2380 GG Brown Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jerlynch@umich.edu OI Swartz, Raymond/0000-0002-6825-1901 FU Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV); CDR Jess Arrington, Program Executive Office, Ships (PEO Ships) [PMS 325]; JHSV [SEA 05D4, N000178-04-D-4023-22]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-05-1-0596] FX Funding was provided by the Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV), program manager, CDR Jess Arrington, Program Executive Office, Ships (PEO Ships), PMS 325, and the JHSV system design manager, SEA 05D4, through Award Number N000178-04-D-4023-22. The project was administered through BMT Planners while the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) Points of Contact were Thomas Brady and Frank Leban. The Narada wireless sensor extensively used in this study was developed under a separate Office of Naval Research (ONR) award (N00014-05-1-0596) administered by Program Manager Anthony Seman. In addition, the advice and guidance offered by Dr. Paul Hess (ONR), and Anthony Seman (ONR) are gratefully acknowledged. Finally, this project would not have been successful without the strong support and cooperation of the officers and crew of the FSF-1 Sea Fighter. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1573-2479 J9 STRUCT INFRASTRUCT E JI Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 7 BP 621 EP 638 DI 10.1080/15732479.2010.495398 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 936TD UT WOS:000303612000001 ER PT S AU Liu, X Metcalf, TH Robinson, JT Perkins, FK Houston, BH AF Liu, Xiao Metcalf, Thomas H. Robinson, Jeremy T. Perkins, F. Keith Houston, Brian H. BE Schaller, R Mari, D TI Internal Friction and Shear Modulus of Graphene Films SO INTERNAL FRICTION AND MECHANICAL SPECTROSCOPY SE Solid State Phenomena LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Internal Friction and Mechanical Spectroscopy (ICIFMS-16) CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Lausanne, SWITZERLAND DE Internal friction; shear modulus; graphene; double-paddle oscillator ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MONOLAYER GRAPHENE; TEMPERATURE; DIAMOND AB We report internal friction and shear modulus measurements of several types of synthesized graphene films. They include reduced graphene oxide, chemical-vapor deposited (CVD) graphene films on thin nickel films and on copper foils. These films were transferred from their host substrate into a water bath, and re-deposited onto to a high-Q single crystal silicon mechanical double-paddle oscillator. A minimal thickness dependence of both internal friction and shear modulus was found for reduced graphene oxide films varying thickness from 4 to 90 nm and CVD graphene films on nickel from 6 to 8 nm. The shear modulus of these multilayered films averages 53 GPa. Their internal friction exhibits a temperature independent plateau below 10K. The values of the plateaus are similar for both the reduced graphene oxide films and CVD graphene films on nickel, and they are as high as the universal "glassy range" where the tunneling states dominated internal friction of amorphous solids lies. In contrast, CVD graphene films on copper foils are 90 similar to 95% single layer. The shear modulus of these single layer graphene films are about five times higher, averaging 280 GPa. Their low temperature internal friction is too small to measure within the uncertainty of our experiments. Our results demonstrate the dramatic difference in the elastic properties of multilayer and single layer graphene films. C1 [Liu, Xiao; Metcalf, Thomas H.; Houston, Brian H.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7130, Washington, DC 20035 USA. [Robinson, Jeremy T.; Perkins, F. Keith] USN, Res Lab, Code 6870, Washington, DC 20035 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7130, Washington, DC 20035 USA. RI Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 23 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 J9 SOLID STATE PHENOMEN PY 2012 VL 184 BP 319 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.184.319 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BZV88 UT WOS:000303086400050 ER PT S AU Metcalf, TH Liu, X AF Metcalf, Thomas H. Liu, Xiao BE Schaller, R Mari, D TI An Ultra-High Q Silicon Cantilever Resonator for Thin Film Internal Friction and Young's Modulus Measurements SO INTERNAL FRICTION AND MECHANICAL SPECTROSCOPY SE Solid State Phenomena LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Internal Friction and Mechanical Spectroscopy (ICIFMS-16) CY JUL 03-08, 2011 CL Lausanne, SWITZERLAND DE Ultra-high Q resonator; young's modulus; internal friction experimental technique ID OSCILLATOR; MODES AB An audiofrequency (8.5kHz) cantilever resonator with an extremely low background internal friction (Q(-1)approximate to 2x10(-8)) at liquid helium temperatures has been developed. Above 30K, the Q of the resonator is dominated by thermoelastic loss; Q(-1) is nearly exactly described by Zener's formula for thermoelastic damping. Below 30K, Q(-1) decreases monotonically with decreasing temperature, reaching a typical baseline of Q(-1)=1.5x10(-8) at 400 mK. C1 [Metcalf, Thomas H.; Liu, Xiao] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Metcalf, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tom.metcalf@nrl.navy.mil; xiao.liu@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 J9 SOLID STATE PHENOMEN PY 2012 VL 184 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.184.325 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BZV88 UT WOS:000303086400051 ER PT J AU Verbarg, J Kamgar-Parsi, K Shields, AR Howell, PB Ligler, FS AF Verbarg, Jasenka Kamgar-Parsi, Kian Shields, Adam R. Howell, Peter B., Jr. Ligler, Frances S. TI Spinning magnetic trap for automated microfluidic assay systems SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID FREE-FLOW MAGNETOPHORESIS; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NANOPARTICLES; CYTOMETER; PARTICLES; CHANNEL; BEADS; CELLS AB While sophisticated analyses have been performed using lab-on-chip devices, in most cases the sample preparation is still performed off chip. The global need for easy-to-use, disposable testing devices necessitates that sample processing is automated and that transport complexity between the processing and analytical components is minimal. We describe a complete sample manipulation unit for performing automated target capture, efficient mixing with reagents, and controlled target release in a microfluidic channel, using an array of spinning magnets. The "MagTrap'' device consists of 6 pairs of magnets in a rotating wheel, situated immediately beneath the microchannel. Rotation of the wheel in the direction opposite to the continuous flow entraps and concentrates the bead-target complexes and separates them from the original sample matrix. As the wheel rotates and the active pair of magnets moves away from the microchannel, the beads are released and briefly flow downstream before being trapped and pulled upstream by the next pair of magnets. This dynamic and continuous movement of the beads ensures that the full surface area of each bead is exposed to reagents and prevents aggregation. The release of the target-bead complexes for further analysis is facilitated by reversing the rotational direction of the wheel to sweep the beads downstream. Sample processing with the MagTrap was demonstrated for the detection of E. coli in a range of concentrations (1 x 10(3), 1 x 10(4) and 1 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)). Results show that sample processing with the MagTrap outperformed the standard manual protocols, improving the detection capability while simultaneously reducing the processing time. C1 [Verbarg, Jasenka; Kamgar-Parsi, Kian; Shields, Adam R.; Howell, Peter B., Jr.; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil RI Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012 OI Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; ONR [6336]; NIH [UO1 A1075489] FX J. Verbarg is a National Research Council postdoctoral associate. A. R. Shields is a National Research Council postdoctoral associate supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. This work was supported by ONR 6.2 work unit 6336 and NIH grant UO1 A1075489. The views are those of the authors and do not represent opinion or policy of the US Navy, Department of Defense, National Institutes of Health or Department of Health and Human Services. Authors would also like to thank colleagues Nastaran Hashemi, Jeff Erickson, Kirsten Jackson, Joel Golden and Lisa Shriver-Lake and University of Maryland collaborators Ben Shapiro and Alek Nacev for their assistance and support with this project. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2012 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1793 EP 1799 DI 10.1039/c2lc21189k PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 930UL UT WOS:000303167200009 PM 22344487 ER PT S AU Bartyczak, S Mock, W AF Bartyczak, S. Mock, W., Jr. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI VERSATILE GAS GUN TARGET ASSEMBLY FOR STUDYING BLAST WAVE MITIGATION IN MATERIALS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE traumatic brain injury; blast wave; gas gun; blast mitigating material; target assembly AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a serious problem for military personnel returning from recent conflicts. This has increased interest in investigating blast mitigating materials for use in helmets. In this paper we describe a new versatile target assembly that is used with an existing gas gun for studying these materials. C1 [Bartyczak, S.; Mock, W., Jr.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Bartyczak, S (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686327 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300115 ER PT S AU Brar, NS Joshi, VS AF Brar, N. S. Joshi, V. S. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI ANISOTROPIC EFFECTS ON CONSTITURIVE MODEL PARAMETERS OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Aluminum; projectile impact simulation; strain rate sensitivity; Johnson-Cook; constitutive model ID STRAIN RATES; TEMPERATURES AB Simulation of low velocity impact on structures or high velocity penetration in armor materials heavily rely on constitutive material models. Model constants are determined from tension, compression or torsion stress-strain at low and high strain rates at different temperatures. These model constants are required input to computer codes (LS-DYNA, DYNA3D or SPH) to accurately simulate fragment impact on structural components made of high strength 7075-T651aluminum alloy. Johnson-Cook model constants determined for Al7075-T651 alloy bar material failed to simulate correctly the penetration into 1" thick Al-7075-T651plates. When simulation go well beyond minor parameter tweaking and experimental results show drastically different behavior it becomes important to determine constitutive parameters from the actual material used in impact/penetration experiments. To investigate anisotropic effects on the yield/flow stress of this alloy quasi-static and high strain rate tensile tests were performed on specimens fabricated in the longitudinal "L", transverse "T", and thickness "TH" directions of 1" thick Al7075 Plate. While flow stress at a strain rate of similar to 1/s as well as similar to 1100/s in the thickness and transverse directions are lower than the longitudinal direction. The flow stress in the bar was comparable to flow stress in the longitudinal direction of the plate. Fracture strain data from notched tensile specimens fabricated in the L, T, and Thickness directions of 1" thick plate are used to derive fracture constants. C1 [Brar, N. S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Joshi, V. S.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Brar, NS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686224 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300012 ER PT S AU Budzevich, MM Zhakhovsky, VV White, CT Oleynik, II AF Budzevich, Mikalai M. Zhakhovsky, Vasily V. White, Carter T. Oleynik, Ivan I. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI SHOCK-INDUCED PHASE TRANSITIONS IN METALS: RECRYSTALLIZATION OF SUPERCOOLED MELT AND MELTING OF OVERHEATED SOLIDS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE shock Hugoniot; melting shock wave; molecular dynamics AB Melting shock waves in aluminum were studied using a moving window molecular dynamics (MW-MD) technique. It was found that shock compression in the [100] crystallographic direction leads to the formation of an overheated metastable solid state. This state is located on an extension of the solid branch of the T-P Hugoniot above the melting line. The melting of the overheated crystal is accompanied by a temperature decrease in the downstream flow behind the shock front. By contrast, shock compressions in the [110] and [111] directions result in a so-called "cold" melting that takes place below the melting line. This metastable supercooled state, lying on the extension of liquid branch of the T-P Hugoniot below the melting line, eventually undergoes a recrystallization associated with a temperature increase in the after-shock flow. C1 [Budzevich, Mikalai M.; Zhakhovsky, Vasily V.; Oleynik, Ivan I.] Univ S Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [White, Carter T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Budzevich, MM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016; OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484; Zhakhovsky, Vasily/0000-0001-6620-6616 FU ONR; NRL; NSF FX This work was supported by ONR, NRL and NSF.M.M.B. thanks APS GSCCM (D.S. Moore and M.Furnish), NNSA ASC (R.C. Little) and DTRA (S.Peiris) for travel support. Calculations were performed using NSF TeraGrid facilities and the USF Research Computing Cluster. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686511 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300299 ER PT S AU Carney, JR Piecuch, SR AF Carney, Joel R. Piecuch, Scott R. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI UNDERWATER LASER PLASMA WITH REACTIVE FUELS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Spectroscopy; laser; combustion; aluminum ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN; WATER; SPECTROSCOPY; BUBBLE AB This paper discusses the application of a nanosecond laser-shock to induce a cavitation bubble in a suspension of water and aluminum and an underwater ablation event at an aluminum target to generate the conditions under which metal fuels will oxidize with water. The energy deposited into the plasma is varied with laser energy, allowing for a laboratory-scale setting where particle reactivity can be investigated. In the case of suspended aluminum fuel particles, the bubble dynamics (expansion radius and period) are augmented by the presence of the reactive particles. Laser ablation at an aluminum surface is also accompanied by fast oxidation, augmenting the bubble formation. High-speed framing camera images along with time-resolved emission spectra are used to monitor bubble dynamics and reactivity. The critical conditions necessary to promote underwater reactivity of fuels in this laboratory setting will be used to guide future applications of reactive materials. C1 [Carney, Joel R.; Piecuch, Scott R.] USN, Res & Technol Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Carney, JR (reprint author), USN, Res & Technol Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686319 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300107 ER PT S AU Demaske, BJ Zhakhovsky, VV Inogamov, NA White, CT Oleynik, II AF Demaske, Brian J. Zhakhovsky, Vasily V. Inogamov, Nail A. White, Carter T. Oleynik, Ivan I. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI EVOLUTION OF METASTABLE ELASTIC SHOCKWAVES IN NICKEL SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Shock wave in solid; Hugoniot elastic limit; molecular dynamics AB Shock waves in nickel were simulated by molecular dynamics using a new EAM potential. Three distinct regimes of shock propagation were observed, including a single elastic shock wave, two split elastic and plastic shock waves, and a single two-zone elastic-plastic shock wave, in order of increasing piston velocity. The single two-zone wave consists of a leading lower-pressure elastic zone, followed by a higher-pressure plastic wave, both moving with the same average speed. The elastic zone of this wave is compressed to a metastable state having an average pressure above the Hugoniot elastic limit. Similar metastable states appear in the elastic precursor during the early stage of split wave development. The mechanism for relaxation of the metastable elastic state is discussed. C1 [Demaske, Brian J.; Zhakhovsky, Vasily V.; Oleynik, Ivan I.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Inogamov, Nail A.] RAS, Landau Inst Theoret Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. [White, Carter T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Demaske, BJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016; OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484; Zhakhovsky, Vasily/0000-0001-6620-6616 FU ONR; NRL; NSF; Russian Foundation for Basic Research FX This work was supported by ONR, NRL and NSF. N.A.I. was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. B.J.D. thanks APS GSCCM (D.S.Moore and M. Furnish), NNSA ASC (R.C. Little) and DTRA (S. Peiris) for travel support. Calculations were performed using NSF TeraGrid facilities, the USF Research Computing Cluster, and computational facilities of the Materials Simulation Laboratory at USF Physics Department. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686520 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300308 ER PT S AU Demaske, BJ Zhakhovsky, VV White, CT Oleynik, II AF Demaske, Brian J. Zhakhovsky, Vasily V. White, Carter T. Oleynik, Ivan I. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI A NEW NICKEL EAM POTENTIAL FOR ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS OF ABLATION, SPALLATION, AND SHOCK WAVE PHENOMENA SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Embedded atom method; melting; shock wave; molecular dynamics ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; TRANSITION-METALS; LATTICE-DYNAMICS AB A new embedded atom method (EAM) interatomic potential for nickel was developed with the goal of improving the predictive power of atomistic simulations of materials at extreme conditions. In contrast to standard development approaches, our methodology focuses on accurate sampling of stress tensor components calculated for wide ranges of isotropic and uniaxial compressive and tensile strains. Also included in the fitting database are experimental properties at normal conditions, such as a lattice parameter and elastic constants, as well as cohesive, vacancy formation, and stacking fault energies. After initial fitting, several candidate potentials were further screened to select the final potential, which best reproduces the experimental melting temperature. Verification of the new EAM potential against the liquid-vapor coexistence line and shock Hugoniot ensures an accurate description of properties of Ni near the vicinity of phase transitions and under shock compression. C1 [Demaske, Brian J.; Zhakhovsky, Vasily V.; Oleynik, Ivan I.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [White, Carter T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Demaske, BJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016; OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484; Zhakhovsky, Vasily/0000-0001-6620-6616 FU ONR; NRL; NSF FX This work was supported by the ONR, NRL, and NSF. B.J.D. thanks APS GSCCM (D.S. Moore and M. Furnish), NNSA ASC (R.C. Little) and DTRA (S. Peiris) for travel support. Calculations were performed using NSF TeraGrid facilities, the USF Research Computing Cluster, and computational facilities of the Materials Simulation Laboratory at USF Physics Department. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686498 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300286 ER PT S AU Demaske, BJ Zhakhovsky, VV Inogamov, NA White, CT Oleynik, II AF Demaske, Brian J. Zhakhovsky, Vasily V. Inogamov, Nail A. White, Carter T. Oleynik, Ivan I. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI MD SIMULATIONS OF LASER-INDUCED ULTRASHORT SHOCK WAVES IN NICKEL SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE femtosecond laser; shock wave; molecular dynamics AB The dynamics of ultrashort shock waves induced by femtosecond laser pulses were explored in nickel-glass and free-standing nickel films by molecular dynamics simulations. Ultrafast laser heating causes stress-confinement, which is characterized by formation of a strongly pressurized 100-nm-thick zone just below the surface of the film. For low-intensity laser pulses, only a single elastic shock wave was formed despite pressures several times greater than the experimental Hugoniot elastic limit. Because the material remains uniaxially compressed for < 50 ps, comparatively slow processes of dislocation formation are not activated. For high intensity laser pulses, the process of double wave breaking was observed with formation of split elastic and plastic shock waves. Presence of a trailing rarefaction wave acts to attenuate the plastic wave until it disappears. Agreement between the experimental and simulated Hugoniot was facilitated by a new EAM potential designed to simulate nickel in a wide range of pressures and temperatures. C1 [Demaske, Brian J.; Zhakhovsky, Vasily V.; Oleynik, Ivan I.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Inogamov, Nail A.] RAS, Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. [White, Carter T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Demaske, BJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016; OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484; Zhakhovsky, Vasily/0000-0001-6620-6616 FU ONR; NRL; NSF; Russian Foundation FX This work was supported by ONR, NRL and NSF. N.A.I. was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. B.J.D. thanks APS GSCCM (D.S. Moore and M. Furnish), NNSA ASC (R.C. Little) and DTRA (S. Peiris) for travel support. Calculations were performed using NSF TeraGrid facilities, the USF Research Computing Cluster, and computational facilities of the Materials Simulation Laboratory at USF Physics Department. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686486 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300274 ER PT S AU Eilers, H Gunawidjaja, R Myint, T Lightstone, J Carney, J AF Eilers, H. Gunawidjaja, R. Myint, T. Lightstone, J. Carney, J. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI IRREVERSIBLE PHASE TRANSITIONS IN DOPED METAL OXIDES FOR USE AS TEMPERATURE SENSORS IN EXPLOSIONS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Temperature sensors; yttrium oxide; optical signatures; irreversible phase transitions ID EU3+ AB The temperature of post-detonation fireballs produced by advanced energetic formulations is commonly determined using optical methods such as pyrometry and spectral line fitting. These methods are noninvasive and provide an average temperature predominantly from the surface of the fireball. However, for many applications the ability to probe the internal temperature as well as temperature gradients within the fireball is highly desirable. One such method that has shown promise in providing this information is seeding micron to nano-sized temperature sensors into the fireball which can be collected post-detonation and analyzed to determine a temperature profile. In this work, disordered rare-earth-doped metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and subjected to various types of heat treatment, including furnace heating, T-Jump (fast pyroprobe), and explosive heating. The heat treatment leads to irreversible phase transitions which are monitored by optically active rare-earth dopants. Eu3+ in particularly is a well-known probe ion. Optical signatures are evaluated to monitor phase transitions (disorder-order) in the nanoparticles. For Y2O3:Eu, the peak position and peak width of the excitation spectra appear to be the most promising indicators for the temperature. C1 [Eilers, H.; Gunawidjaja, R.; Myint, T.] Washington State Univ, Inst Shock Phys, Appl Sci Lab, POB 1495, Spokane, WA 99210 USA. [Lightstone, J.; Carney, J.] NSWC, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Eilers, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Inst Shock Phys, Appl Sci Lab, POB 1495, Spokane, WA 99210 USA. FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Basic Research [HDTRA1-10-1-0005]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0247]; Washington State University FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research Award # HDTRA1-10-1-0005, and by the Office of Naval Research, Award # N00014-03-1-0247, to Washington State University NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686585 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300373 ER PT S AU Gump, JC Stoltz, CA Mason, BP Heim, EM AF Gump, Jared C. Stoltz, Chad A. Mason, Brian P. Heim, Emily M. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI EQUATIONS OF STATE OF HEXANITROSTILBENE (HNS) SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE HNS; phase transition; x-ray diffraction; compression; pressure; temperature; diamond anvil cell ID GPA AB Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) is an energetic ingredient that is widely used in commercial and military explosives for its thermal stability. However, characterization of its thermodynamic parameters and phase stability is lacking. Crystalline properties, such as bulk modulus and thermal expansion, are necessary to accurately predict the behavior of shocked solids using hydrodynamic codes. In order to obtain these values, equations of state of fine-particle (type IV) HNS were investigated using synchrotron angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction experiments at static high-pressure and temperature. The samples were compressed and heated using diamond anvil cells. Pressure - volume data for HNS at ambient temperature were fit to the Birch-Murnaghan and Vinet formalisms to obtain bulk modulus and its first pressure derivative. Temperature - volume data at ambient pressure were fit to obtain the volume thermal expansion coefficient. C1 [Gump, Jared C.; Stoltz, Chad A.; Mason, Brian P.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Heim, Emily M.] Naval Res Enterprise Internship Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Gump, JC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. FU National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences [DMR-0225180] FX This work is based upon research conducted at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences under award DMR-0225180. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686344 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300132 ER PT S AU Hopson, MV Lambert, D AF Hopson, Michael V. Lambert, David BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI COMPUTATIONAL COMPARISONS OF STATISTICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF A TUNGSTEN ALLOY SUBJECTED TO EXPLOSIVE LOADING SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Johnson-Cook yield; WHA; Weibull compensation; Fracture; Presto ID FRAGMENTATION AB Computational continuum codes can provide many details on the response of metals to explosive loading. However, most "production" level calculations use a homogeneous description of the metal. This is an incorrect representation since metals possess a microstructure whose details create variations in material strength and other properties. Ultimately these variations influence the formation of fragments at the macroscopic level. The spatial scale of the microstructure is on the order of micrometers and is not readily accessible to current computational tools and resources for system level calculations. In this analysis, a Weibull distribution was applied to the yield stress of a tungsten alloy. This material was explosively loaded in a series of tests and the fragments were soft captured using a water tank. The distribution of initial yield stress was varied parametrically in order to determine the accuracy of this technique. Then the optimal distribution was kept constant and the seed value was varied in order to produce different realizations of the same material. Comparisons to test data are made. C1 [Hopson, Michael V.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 6138 NORC AVE, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Lambert, David] Air Force Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Hopson, MV (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 6138 NORC AVE, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686437 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300225 ER PT S AU Horn, JM Lightstone, JM Carney, JR Jouet, RJ AF Horn, J. M. Lightstone, J. M. Carney, J. R. Jouet, R. J. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONALIZED ALUMINUM NANOPARTICLES SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Aluminum; nanoparticles; thermogravimetric analysis ID SURFACE; ACID AB Aluminum nanocomposite materials have been prepared by treating commercially available aluminum powders with long-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids. The acid coated aluminum qualitatively shows enhanced burning compared to the same aluminum powder that was not treated with the acid. This preparation method will allow for the large scale production of air-stable, passivated aluminum nanoparticles. Aluminum nanocomposite materials with size ranges less than 500 nm have been prepared with various surface passivation/functionalization schemes that mitigate aluminum oxide effects and reduce the fuel-oxidizer distance to the molecular level. These materials have been characterized to understand the changes in particle size and morphology that occur with different preparation schemes. TGA, XPS and IR results are presented. C1 [Horn, J. M.; Lightstone, J. M.; Carney, J. R.; Jouet, R. J.] USN, Dept Res & Dev, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Horn, JM (reprint author), USN, Dept Res & Dev, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686352 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300140 ER PT S AU Inogamov, NA Khokhlov, VA Petrov, YV Anisimov, SI Zhakhovsky, VV Demaske, BJ Oleynik, II White, CT Ashitkov, SI Khishchenko, KV Agranat, MB Fortov, VE AF Inogamov, Nail A. Khokhlov, Viktor A. Petrov, Yurii V. Anisimov, Sergey I. Zhakhovsky, Vasily V. Demaske, Brian J. Oleynik, Ivan I. White, Carter T. Ashitkov, Sergey I. Khishchenko, Konstantin V. Agranat, Mikhail B. Fortov, Vladimir E. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI ULTRASHORT ELASTIC AND PLASTIC SHOCK WAVES IN ALUMINUM SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Elastic-plastic shock splitting; femtosecond laser shock generation ID LASER; METAL AB Ultrashort shock waves in aluminum films generated by femtosecond laser pulses were studied using two-temperature hydrodynamics and molecular dynamics methods. We observed double wave breaking characterized by an independent formation of leading elastic and trailing plastic shock waves. Both the amplitude and speed of the plastic shock decrease quickly in time due to hydrodynamic attenuation, while the elastic shock front slowly decays during propagation. When the pressure in the plastic front becomes equal to the normal component of pressure tensor in the elastic zone, the plastic wave disappears. Therefore, the distance between elastic and plastic fronts first decreases, then increases, with time. The elastic shock uniaxially compresses the crystal to pressures higher than the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL). For a short time, the crystal within the elastic zone remains in a metastable state, that lies on an extension of the elastic branch of the Hugoniot beyond the HEL. Our theoretical results explain the seemingly puzzling experimental findings, where high-pressure elastic shock waves were observed with normal pressures up to 10-20 GPa. C1 [Inogamov, Nail A.; Khokhlov, Viktor A.; Petrov, Yurii V.; Anisimov, Sergey I.] RAS, Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. [Zhakhovsky, Vasily V.; Demaske, Brian J.; Oleynik, Ivan I.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [White, Carter T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ashitkov, Sergey I.; Khishchenko, Konstantin V.; Agranat, Mikhail B.; Fortov, Vladimir E.] RAS, Joint Inst High Temp, Moscow, Russia. RP Inogamov, NA (reprint author), RAS, Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RI Khishchenko, Konstantin/K-1558-2013; Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016; OI Khishchenko, Konstantin/0000-0002-6895-6362; Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484; Zhakhovsky, Vasily/0000-0001-6620-6616 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686425 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300213 ER PT S AU Joshi, VS Milby, CL AF Joshi, V. S. Milby, C. L. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI HIGH STRAIN RATE BEHAVIOR OF POLYUREA COMPOSITIONS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE High Strain Rate; Polyurea; Hopkinson Bar ID BAR AB High-strain-rate response of three polyurea compositions with varying molecular weights has been investigated using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar arrangement equipped with aluminum bars. Three polyurea compositions were synthesized from polyamines (Versalink, Air Products) with a multi-functional isocyanate (Isonate 143L, Dow Chemical). Amines with molecular weights of 1000, 650, and a blend of 250/1000 have been used in the current investigation. These materials have been tested to strain rates of over 6000/s. High strain rate results from these tests have shown varying trends as a function of increasing strain. While higher molecular weight composition show lower yield, they do not show dominant hardening behavior at lower strain. On the other hand, the blend of 250/1000 show higher load bearing capability but lower strain hardening effects than the 600 and 1000 molecular weight amine based materials. Results indicate that the initial increase in the modulus of the blend of 250/1000 may lead to the loss of strain hardening characteristics as the material is compressed to 50% strain, compared to 1000 molecular weight amine based material. C1 [Joshi, V. S.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 4104 Evans Way,Suite 102, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Milby, C. L.] Energet Technol Ctr, Waldorf, MD 20601 USA. RP Joshi, VS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 4104 Evans Way,Suite 102, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. FU Research Department of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division, Maryland FX This work was supported by the Research Department of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division, Maryland. The authors thank Gilbert Lee, Ed Balizar and Jeff Fedderley (NSWC Carderock) for providing material and Todd Rumbaugh for providing high speed imaging equipment. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686246 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300034 ER PT S AU Koch, JD Carney, JR Lightstone, JM Piecuch, SR AF Koch, Jon D. Carney, Joel R. Lightstone, James M. Piecuch, Scott R. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI USE OF A FAST NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROMETER FOR ABSORPTION AND EMISSION MEASUREMENTS WITHIN THE EXPANDING BLAST WAVE OF A HIGH EXPLOSIVE SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Combustion; Detonations; Infrared Spectroscopy AB We demonstrate the use of a fast InGaAs array and spectrometer to measure properties related to near-infrared absorption and emission (750 nm -1500 nm) following a high explosive detonation. Using a broadband light source and a rigid absorption gauge, gas temperatures are measured at a rate of 20 kHz for a period of several milliseconds behind the blast wave from a PETN, PBXN-5, and PBXN-113 detonations. The temperature and concentration of water vapor is determined by fitting experimental transmission spectra to a simulated database. Strong emission signatures obtained during the PETN breakout event (integrated over approximately the first 20 microseconds) indicate the presence of high energy nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Measurements from water absorption at a distance of 23 cm from the PETN charge indicate temperatures decaying from 1600 K to 600 K during the first few milliseconds, and measurements of non-ideal explosives with optically thick post-detonation environments are also demonstrated. These measurements are intended to aid the development of detonation and explosive simulations. C1 [Koch, Jon D.] Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Carney, Joel R.; Lightstone, James M.; Piecuch, Scott R.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Koch, JD (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX Funding for this work was provided by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686299 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300087 ER PT S AU Lee, RJ Dorgan, RJ Sutherland, GT Benedetta, A Milby, CL AF Lee, Richard J. Dorgan, Robert J. Sutherland, Gerrit T. Benedetta, Ashley Milby, Christopher L. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI EFFECT OF SHOCKWAVE CURVATURE ON RUN DISTANCE OBSERVED WITH A MODIFIED WEDGE TEST SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE modified wedge test; shock sensitivity; run distance; shock-shear ID EXPLOSIVES; INITIATION AB The effect of wave curvature on shock initiation in PBXN-110 was investigated using a modified wedge test configuration. Various widths of PBXN-110 donor slabs were used to define the shockwave curvature introduced to wedge samples of the same explosive. The donor slabs were initiated with line-wave generators so that the shock from the donor would be the same shape, magnitude and duration across the entire input surface of the wedge. The shock parameters were varied for a given donor with PMMA spacers placed between the donor and the wedge sample. A high-speed electronic framing camera was used to observe where initiation occurred along the face of the wedge. Initiation always occurred at the center of the shock front instead of along the sides like that reported by others using a much smaller test format. Results were compared to CTH calculations to indicate if there were effects associated with highly curved shock fronts that could not be adequately predicted. The run distance predicted in CTH for a 50.8 mm wide donor slab (low curvature) compared favorably with experimental results. However, results from thinner donor slabs (higher curvature) indicate a more sensitive behavior than the simulations predicted. C1 [Lee, Richard J.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD USA. [Dorgan, Robert J.] Air Force Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Sutherland, Gerrit T.] Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Benedetta, Ashley] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Milby, Christopher L.] Energet Technol Ctr, La Plata, MD, Argentina. RP Lee, RJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD USA. FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) provided partial funding for this work under their Hard Target Defeat Program. The Authors would like to thank John O'Connor and David Pickeral for their technical assistance at NSWC, Indian Head. We would also like to thank Jennifer Jordan at AFRL Eglin AFB for her support and helpful discussions. This work is dedicated to the late Charles S. Coffey. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686266 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300054 ER PT S AU Lightstone, JM Stoltz, C Wilson, RM Horn, J Hooper, J Mayo, D Eichhorn, B Bowen, K White, MG AF Lightstone, J. M. Stoltz, C. Wilson, R. M. Horn, J. Hooper, J. Mayo, D. Eichhorn, B. Bowen, K. White, M. G. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI DEVELOPMENT OF METAL CLUSTER-BASED ENERGETIC MATERIALS AT NSWC-IHD SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Metal Clusters; Thermodynamics; Gas-phase reactivity; Aluminum ID ALUMINUM; REACTIVITY AB Current research efforts at NSWC-IHD are utilizing gas-phase molecular beam studies, theoretical calculations, and condensed-phase production methods to identify novel metal cluster systems in which passivated metal clusters make up the subunit of a molecular metal-based energetic material. The reactivity of NixAly+ clusters with nitromethane was investigated using a gas-phase molecular beam system. Results indicate that nitromethane is highly reactive toward the NixAly+ clusters and suggests it would not make a good passivating ligand for these cluster systems. To date, small amounts of a metal-based compound with a subunit containing four aluminum atoms and four Cp* ligands has been produced and was characterized using DSC and TGA. Results indicate this cluster material is more reactive than micron-and nano-sized aluminum. However lack of stability in air precludes it from being a viable replacement for current aluminum particles. Volumetric heat of combustion of Al50Cp*(12) was determined using thermodynamic data obtained from first principles calculations. The Al-50 cluster is found to have a heat of combustion near 60% that of pure aluminum. C1 [Lightstone, J. M.; Stoltz, C.; Wilson, R. M.; Horn, J.] NSWC IHD, Res & Dev, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Hooper, J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Mayo, D.; Eichhorn, B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bowen, K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [White, M. G.] Dept Chem, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 1177 USA. RP Lightstone, JM (reprint author), NSWC IHD, Res & Dev, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency under the Advanced Energetics Program FX Funding was provided by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under the Advanced Energetics Program. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686353 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300141 ER PT S AU Lin, Y Perriot, R Zhakhovsky, VV Gu, X White, CT Oleynik, II AF Lin, You Perriot, Romain Zhakhovsky, Vasily V. Gu, Xiang White, Carter T. Oleynik, Ivan I. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI SHOCK INDUCED PHASE TRANSITION IN DIAMOND SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Diamond; Shock waves; Molecular Dynamics; Reactive Bond Order Potential AB Shock wave propagation in diamond along the [110] crystallographic direction was simulated by molecular dynamics (MD) using the reactive empirical bond order (REBO) potential. A new regime of shock wave propagation was observed involving split elastic-elastic shock waves for the range of piston velocities between 2.0 and 4.1 km/s, and longitudinal stresses 126-278 GPa. The two-wave elastic-elastic splitting is caused by a stress-induced structural phase transition from a standard, low-pressure, to a high-pressure phase of REBO diamond, which takes place in the interval of pressures below the Hugoniot elastic limit. The observed phase coexistence in the second elastic shock wave is associated with a non-monotonic longitudinal stress-strain relationship upon uniaxial compression along [110] crystallographic direction. C1 [Lin, You; Perriot, Romain; Zhakhovsky, Vasily V.; Oleynik, Ivan I.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Gu, Xiang] Aalto Univ, Dept Appl Sci, Espoo, Finland. [White, Carter T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016; OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484; Zhakhovsky, Vasily/0000-0001-6620-6616 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686488 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300276 ER PT S AU Monat, JE Carney, JR Lightstone, JM Shimizu, N AF Monat, Jeremy E. Carney, Joel R. Lightstone, James M. Shimizu, Nobumichi BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI DETERMINING THE SOURCE OF OXYGEN IN POST-DETONATION COMBUSTION OF ALUMINUM SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Aluminum; aluminum oxide; oxidation; PBXN-113; secondary ion mass spectrometry; oxygen isotope ratio AB Aluminum is commonly added to explosive formulations in the form of micron-sized particles to increase the energy released. The aluminum particles typically combust by reacting with oxidizers from the detonation products (such as CO2 and H2O) and the surrounding atmosphere (O-2). Quantifying the oxygen contribution from these sources is important for improved modeling and formulation of advanced energetics. Using isotopic labeling, this work aims to determine the ratio of oxygen from detonation products to oxygen from the atmosphere involved in the oxidation of aluminum. We detonated a 10-20 g aluminum-containing explosive formulation in a simulated air atmosphere where the oxygen was O-18(2). We collected the solid detonation products after detonation and analyzed the Al2O3 using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to measure the ratio of O-18 to O-16. By comparing the measured oxygen isotope ratio to its natural abundance, we determined the percentage of oxygen for aluminum combustion from the detonation products versus the atmosphere. Detonations performed in a rigid chamber showed that 62.0+/-0.3% of the oxygen came from the atmosphere. In further experiments, we created a free-field condition by performing detonations in flexible, thin-walled plastic balls of known radius containing an O-18(2)-enriched air atmosphere. About 0.5-5% of the oxygen in the resulting Al2O3 residue came from the atmosphere. C1 [Monat, Jeremy E.; Carney, Joel R.; Lightstone, James M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Shimizu, Nobumichi] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Monat, JE (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686305 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300093 ER PT S AU Perriot, R Lin, Y Zhakhovsky, VV Pineau, N Los, JH Maillet, JB Soulard, L White, CT Oleynik, II AF Perriot, Romain Lin, You Zhakhovsky, Vasily V. Pineau, Nicolas Los, Jan H. Maillet, Jean-Bernard Soulard, Laurent White, Carter T. Oleynik, Ivan I. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI SHOCK COMPRESSION OF DIAMOND: MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS USING DIFFERENT INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Diamond; Shock waves; Molecular Dynamics; Interatomic Potential AB Two recently developed interatomic potentials for carbon, the screened environment dependent reactive empirical bond order (SED-REBO) and the long-range carbon bond-order (LCBOPII), were used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of shocked diamond. Static uniaxial compressions showed that both potentials offer an improved accuracy compared to the commonly used REBO potential. MD simulations were run in the [110] direction, and a split elastic-elastic shock wave regime was observed with one of the potentials. Isothermal compression allowed us to explain the origin of this regime, characterized by a solid-solid phase transition, leading to a non-monotonic stress-strain response below the Hugoniot elastic limit of the material. C1 [Perriot, Romain; Lin, You; Zhakhovsky, Vasily V.; Oleynik, Ivan I.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Pineau, Nicolas; Maillet, Jean-Bernard; Soulard, Laurent] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91279 Arpajon, France. [Los, Jan H.] CiNaM, Dept Theorie Simulat Numerique, Marseille, France. [White, Carter T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Perriot, R (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Pineau, Nicolas/J-4640-2012; Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016; OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484; Zhakhovsky, Vasily/0000-0001-6620-6616 FU ONR; NRL; NSF FX This work was supported by the ONR, NRL and NSF. R.P. thanks APS GSCCM (D.S. Moore and M. Furnish), NNSA ASC (R.C. Little) and DTRA (S. Peiris) for travel support. Calculations were performed using NSF TeraGrid facilities and the USF Research Computing Cluster. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686489 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300277 ER PT S AU Sandusky, HW AF Sandusky, H. W. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI GAP TEST CALIBRATIONS AND THEIR SCALING SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE gap tests; shock attenuation AB Common tests for measuring the threshold for shock initiation are the NOL large scale gap test (LSGT) with a 50.8-mm diameter donor/gap and the expanded large scale gap test (ELSGT) with a 95.3-mm diameter donor/gap. Despite the same specifications for the explosive donor and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) gap in both tests, calibration of shock pressure in the gap versus distance from the donor scales by a factor of 1.75, not the 1.875 difference in their sizes. Recently reported model calculations suggest that the scaling discrepancy results from the viscoelastic properties of PMMA in combination with different methods for obtaining shock pressure. This is supported by the consistent scaling of these donors when calibrated in water-filled aquariums. Calibrations and their scaling are compared for other donors with PMMA gaps and for various donors in water. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sandusky, HW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686355 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300143 ER PT S AU Schweigert, IV AF Schweigert, Igor V. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI MECHANISMS OF CONDENSED-PHASE DISSOCIATION OF NITRAMINES: A DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL STUDY SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE condensed-phase decomposition; nitramines; first-principles simulations ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; DIMETHYLNITRAMINE AB Initial pathways and the kinetics of unimolecular dissociation of dimethylnitramine (DMNA) solvated in tetrahydrofuran (THF) are studied using density functional theory (DFT). The temperature-dependent kinetic rates at ambient pressure are estimated using variational transition-state theory (TST) combined with atomic basis, hybrid DFT and a continuum solvation model. Dynamical trajectories of dissociating DMNA surrounded by THF molecules in a periodic cell are calculated using molecular dynamics (MD) based on planewave, gradient-corrected DFT. The TST and MD simulations show that, similar to the gas phase, homolyticN-N bond scission/NO2 elimination is the dominant initial pathway of the unimolecular dissociation. Unlike the gas phase, the NO2 radical, trapped by the solvent cage, rapidly abstracts hydrogen from the aminyl radical or the solvent, forming HONO. A small fraction of the MD trajectories also revealed direct H abstraction from the solvent or by the solvent molecules. C1 USN, Theoret Chem Sect, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schweigert, IV (reprint author), USN, Theoret Chem Sect, Res Lab, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schweigert, Igor/B-5750-2008 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686513 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300301 ER PT S AU Stoltz, CA Mason, BP Roberts, CW Hira, SM Strouse, GF AF Stoltz, Chad A. Mason, Brian P. Roberts, Colin W. Hira, Steven M. Strouse, Geoffrey F. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI SONOCRYSTALLIZATION AS A TOOL FOR CONTROLLING CRYSTALLINE EXPLOSIVEMORPHOLOGY AND INCLUSION CONTENT SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE RDX; sonocrystallization; crystal defects; confocal microscopy ID RDX AB Several research groups have reported preparations of the explosive cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) that, when formulated into plastic-bonded explosives (PBXs), result in reduced shock sensitivities when compared to the standard formulations. We recently showed a correlation between shock sensitivity of formulated RDX and the void contents of the powders using Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS). With this correlation in mind, we present a method for generating RDX crystals with controlled particle size and morphology using ultrasonic agitation and slow evaporation rates. C1 [Stoltz, Chad A.; Mason, Brian P.; Roberts, Colin W.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Hira, Steven M.; Strouse, Geoffrey F.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Stoltz, CA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. FU Indian Head NSWC In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR); The Royal Society of Chemistry FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Indian Head NSWC In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program for funding. Certain materials including text and figures were reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry [14]. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686360 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300148 ER PT S AU Wouchuk, JG Huete, C Velikovich, AL AF Wouchuk, J. G. Huete, C. Velikovich, A. L. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI INTERACTION OF A PLANAR SHOCK WITH AN ISOTROPIC FIELD OF SOUND WAVES SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE Shock waves; hydrodynamic instabilities; turbulence ID TURBULENCE INTERACTION AB We present an analytical model that describes the linear interaction of a planar shock front with a field of randomly oriented acoustic waves. The dynamics of the interaction with a single mode is studied in detail at first. The mode averaging is performed as usual, by integrating over the angle that the pre-shock mode wavenumber vector forms with the normal to the shock front. In this way, averages of the turbulent kinetic energy, vorticity, density and sonic flux are analytically obtained as functions of the fluid compressibility and the shock strength. Good agreement with previous numerical results has been obtained [K. Mahesh, S. Lee, S. K. Lele, and P. Moin, J. Fluid Mech. 300, 383 (1995)]. C1 [Wouchuk, J. G.; Huete, C.] Univ Castilla La Mancha, ETSI Ind INEL, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. [Velikovich, A. L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 23075 USA. RP Wouchuk, JG (reprint author), Univ Castilla La Mancha, ETSI Ind INEL, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. RI Huete, Cesar/A-3184-2012; Wouchuk, J. G./F-1449-2016; Huete Ruiz de Lira, Cesar/F-7412-2016 OI Huete, Cesar/0000-0002-3227-8520; Huete Ruiz de Lira, Cesar/0000-0002-3227-8520 FU Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [DFG BU 2241/2-1] FX The authors like to thank Dirk Rabiger and Sven Franke from the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) for providing the experimental setup of Sec. III. Furthermore, we like to thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for funding the project within the grant DFG BU 2241/2-1. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686597 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300385 ER PT S AU Zhakhovsky, VV Budzevich, MM Inogamov, NA White, CT Oleynik, II AF Zhakhovsky, Vasily V. Budzevich, Mikalai M. Inogamov, Nail A. White, Carter T. Oleynik, Ivan I. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI SINGLE TWO-ZONE ELASTIC-PLASTIC SHOCK WAVES IN SOLIDS SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE shock wave structure; elastic-plastic transformation; Hugoniot elastic limit ID ALUMINUM; COMPRESSION; DYNAMICS; COPPER AB A new regime of shock wave propagation, characterized by a single two-zone elastic-plastic shock wave structure, has been found in moving window molecular dynamics simulations. This single two-zone wave consists of a leading low-pressure elastic zone followed by a high-pressure plastic zone, both moving with the same speed and having a fixed net thickness that may extend to many microns. The elastic zone is made up of material in a metastable state exhibiting pressures that can substantially exceed the Hugoniot elastic limit. The two-zone elastic-plastic wave is a quite general phenomenon observed in simulations of a broad class of crystalline materials. It is the existence of the two-zone, elastic-plastic regime that allows for a consistent explanation of the anomalously high elastic wave amplitudes observed in recent experiments. C1 [Zhakhovsky, Vasily V.; Budzevich, Mikalai M.; Oleynik, Ivan I.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Inogamov, Nail A.] RAS, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. [White, Carter T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhakhovsky, VV (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016; OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484; Zhakhovsky, Vasily/0000-0001-6620-6616 FU Russian Science Foundation [14-19-00693] FX Authors are grateful to the Russian Science Foundation for funding within the Project #14-19-00693. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686502 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300290 ER PT J AU Gramann, K Wing, S Jung, TP Viirre, E Riecke, BE AF Gramann, Klaus Wing, Shawn Jung, Tzyy-Ping Viirre, Erik Riecke, Bernhard E. TI Switching Spatial Reference Frames for Yaw and Pitch Navigation SO SPATIAL COGNITION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE spatial navigation; egocentric; allocentric; reference frames; individual differences; yaw pitch navigation; navigation strategies ID ALLOCENTRIC REFERENCE FRAMES; VIRTUAL-REALITY; COGNITIVE STRATEGIES; PATH-INTEGRATION; SPACE; TASK; ORIENTATION; LOCOMOTION; POSITION; ROTATION AB Humans demonstrate preferences to use egocentric or allocentric reference frames in navigation tasks that lack embodied (vestibular and/or proprioceptive) cues. Here, we investigated how reference frame proclivities affect spatial navigation in horizontal versus vertical planes. Point-to-origin performance after visually displayed vertical trajectories was surprisingly accurate and almost matched yaw performance for both egocentric and allocentric strategies. For vertical direction changes, 39% of participants unexpectedly switched to their non-preferred (allocentric) reference frame. This might be explained by vertical (25 degrees-90 degrees up/downward pitched) trajectories having lower ecological validity and creating more pronounced visuo-vestibular conflicts, emphasizing individual differences in processing idiothetic, embodied sensory information. C1 [Gramann, Klaus] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, Swartz Ctr Computat Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wing, Shawn; Viirre, Erik] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Riecke, Bernhard E.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Interact Arts & Technol, Surrey, England. RP Gramann, K (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, Swartz Ctr Computat Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM klaus@sccn.ucsd.edu RI Riecke, Bernhard/C-6399-2011 OI Riecke, Bernhard/0000-0001-7974-0850 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1387-5868 EI 1542-7633 J9 SPAT COGN COMPUT JI Spat. Cogn. Comput. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 159 EP 194 DI 10.1080/13875868.2011.645176 PG 36 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 931XN UT WOS:000303252700006 ER PT S AU Gemmill, KB Delehanty, JB Stewart, MH Susumu, K Blanco-Canosa, JB Dawson, PE Huston, A Medintz, I AF Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman Delehanty, James B. Stewart, Michael H. Susumu, Kimihiro Blanco-Canosa, Juan B. Dawson, Philip E. Huston, Alan Medintz, Igor BE Parak, WJ Yamamoto, K Osinski, M TI Further progress in cytosolic cellular delivery of quantum dots SO COLLOIDAL NANOCRYSTALS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Colloidal Nanocrystals for Biomedical Applications VII CY JAN 21-22, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Quantum Dots; Cells; Imaging; Endosomes; Bioconjugation ID INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY; PROTEIN; SEMICONDUCTOR; BIOCONJUGATION; PALMITOYL; PEPTIDES; DEATH; CELLS AB Currently there is considerable interest in using bioconjugated nanoparticles for in vivo imaging, biosensing and theranostics. Luminescent CdSe/ZnS core shell semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have unique optical properties and bioconjugation capabilities that make them ideal prototypes for these purposes. We have previously described the metal-affinity association between the imidazole groups of terminal hexahistidine residues of peptides and proteins and the ZnS shell of quantum dots as a useful bioconjugation technique([1]). We have also demonstrated that QDs labeled with an oligohistidine-tagged cell penetrating peptide (CPP) derived from the HIV TAT-protein could undergo specific endocytosis-mediated cellular uptake in both HEK293T/17 and COS-1 cells([2]). However, the QDs were predominantly sequestered in the endosomes. This remains a significant hindrance to future potential cellular imaging applications which require the QDs to access other subcellular organelles. Here we describe the testing of several cytosolic QD delivery modalities including microinjection, the commercial cytosolic delivery agent PULSin, and the cytosolic delivery peptide Palm-1. Palm-1, a palmitylated peptide that is capable of both cellular uptake and rapid endosomal escape in multiple cell lines without concomitant toxicity([3]), is shown to be the superior method for cytosolic delivery of QDs. Potential intracellular applications for this peptide are discussed. C1 [Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman; Delehanty, James B.; Medintz, Igor] USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn Code 6900, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gemmill, KB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn Code 6900, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Gemmill, Kelly/G-2167-2012; Parak, Wolfgang J./M-3998-2014 OI Parak, Wolfgang J./0000-0003-1672-6650 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8875-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8232 AR 82320B DI 10.1117/12.906801 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BZR41 UT WOS:000302562300006 ER PT J AU Wang, L Cheney, M Borden, B AF Wang, Ling Cheney, Margaret Borden, Brett TI Multistatic Radar Imaging of Moving Targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SAR; INVERSION; TOMOGRAPHY; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM AB We develop a linearized imaging theory that combines the spatial, temporal, and spectral aspects of scattered waves. We consider the case of fixed sensors and a general distribution of objects, each undergoing linear motion; thus the theory deals with imaging distributions in phase space. We derive a model for the data that is appropriate for narrowband waveforms in the case when the targets are moving slowly relative to the speed of light. From this model, we develop a phase-space imaging formula that can be interpreted in terms of filtered backprojection or matched filtering. For this imaging approach, we derive the corresponding phase-space point-spread function (PSF). We show plots of the phase-space point-spread function for various geometries. We also show that in special cases, the theory reduces to: 1) range-Doppler imaging, 2) inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR), 3) synthetic aperture radar (SAR), 4) Doppler SAR, and 5) tomography of moving targets. C1 [Wang, Ling; Cheney, Margaret] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Borden, Brett] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Wang, Ling] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China. EM cheney@rpi.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0017, FA9550-09-1-0013]; China Scholarship Council FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Agreements FA9550-06-1-0017 and FA9550-09-1-0013.; Ling Wang's stay at Rensselaer was supported by the China Scholarship Council. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 BP 230 EP 242 DI 10.1109/TAES.2012.6129632 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 923TT UT WOS:000302643100017 ER PT J AU Carbone, CP Kay, SM AF Carbone, Christopher P. Kay, Steven M. TI A Novel Normalization Algorithm Based on the Three-Dimensional Minimum Variance Spectral Estimator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TRACK INITIATION TECHNIQUES; MOVING TARGET DETECTION; PERFORMANCE AB In active sonar and radar the noise power in the presence of reverberation and clutter is not stationary. This makes automated detection, tracking, and classification of targets difficult. One way to deal with this problem is to normalize the data. The goal of normalization is to equalize the noise power of the data. This will make the noise-only output of the detection test statistic T(x) as constant as possible. Successful normalization makes sonar signal processing much simpler. For example, in automatic tracking, normalizing increases the probability that true tracks get initiated, and decreases the probability that false tracks get initiated. Normalizers work by estimating the background noise power and dividing T(x) by that estimate. The split window normalizer (SWN) is a common method of normalization. The SWN is also known as a cell-averaging constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) processor. The SWN normalizes each cell of the data by finding a local noise power estimate, and dividing the cell by that local estimate. The SWN finds a local noise power estimate using data in a window around the cell to be normalized. The SWN assumes the noise is stationary in the window. So, the size of the windows must be chosen so the data is approximately stationary over the window. This limits the total amount of data available to estimate any cell. The normalizer developed in this paper is based on the minimum variance spectral estimator (MVSE). The MVSE is a power spectral density (PSD) estimator that easily extends to multiple dimensions. PSD estimators estimate power as it changes over frequency. This is mathematically similar to estimating power as it changes over range or other independent variable. A normalizer based on a PSD estimator does not assume the background power is stationary. Removing the stationary assumption allows the use of larger data windows to estimate the power of each cell. In fact, we can extend the data windows over all the ranges, bearings, and pings to perform a three dimensional (3D) estimate of the background power. This 3D estimate uses more data to estimate the background power than the SWN. The SWN can be extended to multiple dimensions but the data windows it uses are limited by assuming the data is stationary in the window. Since the MVSE normalizer uses more data it should produce a better estimate of the background power. The SWN is compared with the new normalizer using a simple track initiation algorithm developed in this paper. Simulation results indicate the MVSE normalizer is 3 dB to 5 dB more effective than the standard SWN for active sonar normalization. C1 [Carbone, Christopher P.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Kay, Steven M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect Comp & Biomed Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Carbone, CP (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM christopher.carbone@navy.mil NR 28 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 BP 430 EP 448 DI 10.1109/TAES.2012.6129646 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 923TT UT WOS:000302643100031 ER PT J AU McGee, JA Luginbuhl, TE DiBiase, JH Ainsleigh, PL AF McGee, James A. Luginbuhl, Tod E. DiBiase, Joseph H. Ainsleigh, Phillip L. TI A Modified PDAF Algorithm For Measurement Covariances that Vary within a Time Scan SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TRACKING AB This paper presents a modified version of the probabilistic data association filter (PDAF) algorithm for single target tracking which allows for measurement covariances to vary within, as well as between, time scans. This modification enhances the ability to track targets in situations where the measurement errors within a time scan are highly variable. The potential for improved tracking is demonstrated by comparing the performance of the modified and the standard algorithm in tracking simulated intensity detector measurements. C1 [McGee, James A.; Luginbuhl, Tod E.; DiBiase, Joseph H.; Ainsleigh, Phillip L.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensor & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP McGee, JA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Sensor & Sonar Syst Dept, 1176 Howell St,Code 15, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM james.a.mcgee@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The Office of Naval Research (ONR) supported this work. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 48 IS 1 BP 906 EP 912 DI 10.1109/TAES.2012.6129677 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 923TT UT WOS:000302643100062 ER PT S AU Wilcox, CC Baker, MS Wick, DV Romeo, RC Martin, RN Clark, BF Breivik, NL Boyce, BL AF Wilcox, Christopher C. Baker, Michael S. Wick, David V. Romeo, Robert C. Martin, Robert N. Clark, Brian F. Breivik, Nicole L. Boyce, Brad L. BE Olivier, SS Bifano, TG Kubby, J TI Design and verification of a finite element model for a thin-shelled composite mirror for use with MEMS active optics SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics VI CY JAN 24-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Dyoptyka, VUZIX Corp AB Thin-shelled composite mirrors have been recently proposed as both deformable mirrors for aberration correction and as variable radius of curvature mirrors for phase diversity, auto focus, and adaptive optical zoom. The requirements of actuation of a composite mirror far surpass those for MEMS deformable mirrors. This paper will discuss the development of a finite element model for a 0.2 meter carbon fiber reinforced polymer mirror for use as a variable radius of curvature mirror in conjunction with a MEMS deformable mirror for aberration correction. C1 [Wilcox, Christopher C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilcox, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.wilcox@nrl.navy.mil RI Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012 OI Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8896-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8253 AR 82530B DI 10.1117/12.910928 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BZS20 UT WOS:000302692300009 ER PT S AU Urick, VJ Diehl, JF Draa, MN McKinney, JD Williams, KJ AF Urick, Vincent J. Diehl, John F. Draa, Meredith N. McKinney, Jason D. Williams, Keith J. BE Nelson, RL Prather, DW Schuetz, C TI Wideband Analog Photonic Links: Some Performance Limits and Considerations for Multi-Octave Implementations SO RF AND MILLIMETER-WAVE PHOTONICS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on RF and Millimeter-Wave Photonics II CY JAN 22, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE microwave photonics; analog fiber optics; photodiode nonlinearities ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODES; WAVE-GUIDE PHOTODIODES; OVER-FIBER LINKS; MICROWAVE PHOTONICS; ELECTROABSORPTION MODULATORS; INTERMODULATION DISTORTION; ELECTROOPTIC MODULATOR; DYNAMIC-RANGE; LINEARIZATION; SATURATION AB High-performance analog photonic links are discussed and the prevalent modulation formats are highlighted. Because of its multi-octave and millimeter-wave potential, special attention is given to intensity modulation with direct detection (IMDD) employing an external Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM). The theory for IMDD is reviewed and some experimental results are discussed. Two limiting factors in multi-octave IMDD implementations are quantified. The MZM bias requirements in order to remain third-order limited are shown to be very stringent in high-performance links. Photodiode nonlinearities, perhaps the most inhibiting factor in present-day wideband analog photonics, are cast in terms of output intercept points and tied to the IMDD link performance. C1 [Urick, Vincent J.; Diehl, John F.; Draa, Meredith N.; McKinney, Jason D.; Williams, Keith J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Urick, VJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 77 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-902-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8259 AR 825904 DI 10.1117/12.912528 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZR30 UT WOS:000302549200003 ER PT J AU Berck, P Lipow, J AF Berck, Peter Lipow, Jonathan TI Trade, tariffs and terrorism SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE trade; tariff; terrorism; counter-insurgency ID IRAQ AB Insurgencies and terrorist activities are often dependent on foreign sources of funding. When this is the case, trade barriers such as import tariffs can prove to be an effective means of combating violence and enhancing social welfare. In this article, we identify the optimal tariff for a country facing an externally financed insurgency. C1 [Lipow, Jonathan] USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resource Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Berck, Peter] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Agr & Resource Econ & Policy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lipow, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resource Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jlipow@nps.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1350-4851 J9 APPL ECON LETT JI Appl. Econ. Lett. PY 2012 VL 19 IS 18 BP 1847 EP 1849 DI 10.1080/13504851.2012.667543 PG 3 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 921UN UT WOS:000302503400014 ER PT J AU Pujiana, K Gordon, AL Metzger, EJ Ffield, AL AF Pujiana, Kandaga Gordon, Arnold L. Metzger, E. Joseph Ffield, Amy L. TI The Makassar Strait pycnocline variability at 20-40 days SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Makassar Strait; Indonesian throughflow; Intraseasonal veriability; Eddies, eddy-resolving model ID INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; INDONESIAN SEAS; PACIFIC; EDDIES AB The characteristics and plausible genesis of the 20-40 day variability observed within the Labani Channel, a constriction within the Makassar Strait, Indonesia, are described. The 20-40 day variability, trapped beneath the depth of the strongest stratification of the pycnocline, is most evident in the across-strait flow, and in the across-strait gradient of the along-strait flow as well as in the vertical displacements of isotherms. The 20-40 day energy distribution of the across-strait flow is identifiable as a blue spectrum, demonstrating downward phase propagation. The flow fields are approximated by a vortex velocity structure, and the corresponding isotherm displacements imply potential vorticity conservation. We propose that the 20-40 day features observed in the Labani Channel are expressions of cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies that are advected southward within the Makassar Strait throughflow. Analysis of simulated eddy kinetic energy from an eddy-resolving model further indicates that the upstream instability of the background flow within Makassar Strait is the energy source for the eddies which are dissipated within the Labani Channel. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pujiana, Kandaga; Gordon, Arnold L.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Metzger, E. Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ffield, Amy L.] Earth & Space Res, Upper Grandview, NY USA. [Pujiana, Kandaga] Bandung Inst Technol, Fac Earth Sci & Technol, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. RP Pujiana, K (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM kandaga@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Gordon, Arnold/H-1049-2011 OI Gordon, Arnold/0000-0001-6480-6095 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0219782, OCE-0725935, OCE-0725561]; Office of Naval Research [61153 N]; Department of Defense (DoD) FX This work is supported by the National Science Foundation grant OCE-0219782, OCE-0725935, and OCE-0725561. Bruce Huber is acknowledged for helping the preparation of gridded current datasets. The HYCOM component of this article is a contribution from the "6.1 Dynamics of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and Its Remote Impact" project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under program element number 61153 N. Grants of computer time were provided by the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program and the simulations were performed on the IBM Power 4+ (Kraken), the IBM Power 6 (daVinci) and the Cray XT5 (Einstein) at the Navy Do) Supercomputing Resources Center, Stennis Space Center, MS. This is Lamont-Doherty contribution number 7517 and NRL contribution NRL/JA/7320-11-7364. This publication has been approved for public release and distribution is unlimited. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD JAN PY 2012 VL 53-54 BP 17 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2012.01.001 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 922YE UT WOS:000302584000002 ER PT J AU Kruse, FA Bedell, RL Taranik, JV Peppin, WA Weatherbee, O Calvin, WM AF Kruse, Fred A. Bedell, Richard L. Taranik, James V. Peppin, William A. Weatherbee, Oliver Calvin, Wendy M. TI Mapping alteration minerals at prospect, outcrop and drill core scales using imaging spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; AVIRIS; CALIFORNIA; SPECTRA; NEVADA AB Imaging spectrometer data (also known as 'hyperspectral imagery' or HSI) are well established for detailed mineral mapping from airborne and satellite systems. Overhead data, however, have substantial additional potential when used together with ground-based measurements. An imaging spectrometer system was used to acquire airborne measurements and to image in-place outcrops (mine walls) and boxed drill core and rock chips using modified sensor-mounting configurations. Data were acquired at 5 nm nominal spectral resolution in 360 channels from 0.4 to 2.45 mu m. Analysis results using standardized hyperspectral methodologies demonstrate rapid extraction of representative mineral spectra and mapping of mineral distributions and abundances in map-plan, with core depth, and on the mine walls. The examples shown highlight the capabilities of these data for mineral mapping. Integration of these approaches promotes improved understanding of relations between geology, alteration and spectral signatures in three dimensions and should lead to improved efficiency of mine development, operations and ultimately effective mine closure. C1 [Kruse, Fred A.; Taranik, James V.; Calvin, Wendy M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kruse, Fred A.; Bedell, Richard L.; Taranik, James V.; Calvin, Wendy M.] Univ Nevada, Arthur Brant Lab Explorat Geophys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Bedell, Richard L.] AuEx Ventures Inc, Reno, NV 89502 USA. [Peppin, William A.] SpecTIR LLC, Reno, NV 89521 USA. [Weatherbee, Oliver] SpecTIR LLC, Easton, MD 21601 USA. RP Kruse, FA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM fakruse@nps.edu FU Arthur Brant Endowment for Exploration Geophysics FX The ProSpecTIR data were collected by SpecTIR, LLC, Reno, NV, USA. Additional information is available at http://www.spectir.com. Trinity Mine access, core and logs and supporting data were provided by AuEx Ventures, Reno, NV, USA. Additional information is available at http://www.auexventures.com. The ACORN software was provided by Imspec, LLC (www.imspec.com). This research was sponsored by the Arthur Brant Endowment for Exploration Geophysics, which supports the UNR Arthur Brant Laboratory for Exploration Geophysics (ABLE), see http://www.mines.unr.edu/able/. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2012 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1780 EP 1798 DI 10.1080/01431161.2011.600350 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 917GX UT WOS:000302162000007 ER PT S AU Mathews, SA Auyeung, RCY Pique, A AF Mathews, Scott A. Auyeung, Raymond C. Y. Pique, Alberto BE Bachmann, FG Pfleging, W Washio, K Amako, J Hoving, W Lu, Y TI Analysis and characterization of the laser decal transfer process SO LASER-BASED MICRO- AND NANOPACKAGING AND ASSEMBLY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Based Micro- and Nanopackaging and Assembly VI (LBMP)/Photonics West (LASE) CY JAN 24-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Laser decal transfer; laser direct-write; laser forward transfer AB We have studied the kinetics of a congruent, pixilated laser forward transfer process known as laser decal transfer (LDT). This process allows the transfer and patterning of silver nanoparticle inks such that the transferred pixels or "voxels" maintain the shape of the laser illumination. This process is capable of creating freestanding and bridging structures with near thin-film-like properties. C1 [Mathews, Scott A.; Auyeung, Raymond C. Y.; Pique, Alberto] USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mathews, SA (reprint author), USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scott.mathews@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8887-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8244 AR 82440A DI 10.1117/12.909264 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZR27 UT WOS:000302547300009 ER PT S AU Pique, A Mathews, SA Charipar, NA Birnbaum, AJ AF Pique, Alberto Mathews, Scott A. Charipar, Nicholas A. Birnbaum, Andrew J. BE Bachmann, FG Pfleging, W Washio, K Amako, J Hoving, W Lu, Y TI Laser Origami: a New Technique for Assembling 3D Microstructures SO LASER-BASED MICRO- AND NANOPACKAGING AND ASSEMBLY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Based Micro- and Nanopackaging and Assembly VI (LBMP)/Photonics West (LASE) CY JAN 24-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Laser Direct-Write; 3D folding; laser microfabrication; Laser Origami AB The ability to manufacture and assemble complex three-dimensional (3D) systems via traditional photolithographic techniques has attracted increasing attention. However, most of the work to date still utilizes the traditional patterning and etching processes designed for the semiconductor industry where 2D structures are first fabricated, followed by some alternative technique for releasing these structures out-of-plane. Here we present a novel technique called Laser Origami, which has demonstrated the ability to generate 3D microstructures through the controlled out-of-plane folding of 2D patterns. This non-lithographic, and non silicon-based process is capable of microfabricating 3D structures of arbitrary shape and geometric complexity on a variety of substrates. The Laser Origami technique allows for the design and fabrication of arrays of 3D microstructures, where each microstructure can be made to fold independently of the others. Application of these folded micro-assemblies might make possible the development of highly complex and interconnected electrical, optical and mechanical 3D systems. This article will describe the unique advantages and capabilities of Laser Origami, discuss its applications and explore its role for the assembly and generation of 3D microstructures. C1 [Pique, Alberto; Mathews, Scott A.; Charipar, Nicholas A.] USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pique@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8887-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8244 AR 82440B DI 10.1117/12.909187 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZR27 UT WOS:000302547300010 ER PT S AU Crane, NJ Elster, EA AF Crane, Nicole J. Elster, Eric A. BE Alfano, RR Demos, SG TI Profiling wound healing with wound effluent: Raman spectroscopic indicators of infection SO OPTICAL BIOPSY X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Biopsy X/SPIE Photonics West BiOS Conference CY JAN 24-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Hamamatsu Corp, Ocean Opt, Inc, Intuit Surg Inc, Perkin Elmer Inc DE combat wounds; wound effluent; Raman spectroscopy; bacteria; Acinetobacter baumannii ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; IN-VIVO; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; RELEVANT MICROORGANISMS; IDENTIFICATION; TISSUE; PROTEINS; BACTERIA; MICROSCOPY; CELLS AB The care of modern traumatic war wounds remains a significant challenge for clinicians. Many of the extremity wounds inflicted during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom are colonized or infected with multi-drug resistant organisms, particularly Acinetobacter baumannii. Biofilm formation and resistance to current treatments can significantly confound the wound healing process. Accurate strain identification and targeted drug administration for the treatment of wound bioburden has become a priority for combat casualty care. In this study, we use vibrational spectroscopy to examine wound exudates for bacterial load. Inherent chemical differences in different bacterial species and strains make possible the high specificity of vibrational spectroscopy. C1 [Crane, Nicole J.; Elster, Eric A.] USN, Dept Regenerat Med, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Crane, NJ (reprint author), USN, Dept Regenerat Med, Operat & Undersea Med Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8863-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8220 AR 82200S DI 10.1117/12.909405 PG 8 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BZR73 UT WOS:000302607200015 ER PT S AU Kim, W Baker, C Villalobos, G Shaw, LB Sadowski, B Frantz, J Aggarwal, ID Sanghera, JS AF Kim, W. Baker, C. Villalobos, G. Shaw, L. B. Sadowski, B. Frantz, J. Aggarwal, I. D. Sanghera, J. S. BE Clarkson, WA Shori, RK TI Ceramic Materials for High Power Solid State Lasers SO SOLID STATE LASERS XXI: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XXI - Technology and Devices CY JAN 22-25, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE ceramic lasers; sesquioxides; power scaling; fine grain ceramics ID FLAME SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; PRECURSORS; POWDERS; ALUMINA AB We highlight our recent progress in achieving high efficiency solid state laser materials based on hot pressed Lu2O3. Experimental details to further enhance the lasing performance from sesquioxide-based ceramic lasers are presented. Synthesis of high purity rare-earth doped sesquioxide ceramic powder primarily based on Lu2O3 for high energy solid state lasers is discussed. We also report the effect of the powder quality and fabrication process on the optical quality and lasing performance of these ceramics. Various methods to obtain fine grained ceramics which are desirable for scaling to high power lasers are also presented. C1 [Kim, W.; Baker, C.; Villalobos, G.; Shaw, L. B.; Frantz, J.; Sanghera, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5620, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8878-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8235 AR 823508 DI 10.1117/12.924132 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZR26 UT WOS:000302536200005 ER PT J AU Tcheng, JE Mackay, SM AF Tcheng, James E. Mackay, Steven M. TI Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel Antiplatelet Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS LA English DT Review ID ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; OPTIMIZING PLATELET INHIBITION; ACTIVE METABOLITE; EFFICIENT GENERATION; ASSESS IMPROVEMENT; DOSE CLOPIDOGREL; DOUBLE-BLIND; TRIAL; INTERVENTION; OUTCOMES AB Antithrombotic therapy is imperative in the management of patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The combination of antiplatelet therapy in conjunction with antithrombotic therapy has become the standard of care in improving the morbidity and mortality of patients with an ACS and in reducing ischemic complications of percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients with an ACS are at increased risk for a recurrent event, both in-hospital and for several months afterward. Secondary prevention to reduce these events is accomplished through the establishment of appropriate medical therapy. Dual anti platelet therapy with aspirin and adenosine 5'-diphosphate P2Y(12) receptor blockers such as ticlopidine or clopidogrel are integral components of this regimen; however, both of these thienopyridines have a relatively slow onset of action and variable bioavailability. Prasugrel, a third-generation thienopyridine approved by the US FDA in 2009, has a more rapid onset of platelet inhibition than clopidogrel and ticlopidine because of increased efficiency of prodrug-to-active metabolite conversion. The result is higher and less variable concentration of the active metabolite within 60 minutes following oral dosing. Phase II and III trials assessing the safety and efficacy of prasugrel have been completed, including JUMBO-TIMI 26, PRINCIPLE-TIMI 44, and TRITON-TIMI 38. These trials demonstrated greater inhibition of platelet aggregation and lower rates of the composite endpoint of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and stroke compared with clopidogrel. However, major bleeding occurred more frequently with prasugrel treatment than with clopidogrel. This review highlights the current state of evidence-based antiplatelet therapy and provides guidance on appropriate use of prasugrel in cardiovascular medicine. C1 [Tcheng, James E.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Mackay, Steven M.] USN, Naval Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Tcheng, JE (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, 403 Hock Plaza,2424 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM tchen001@mc.duke.edu FU Daiichi Sankyo, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company FX Medical writing assistance was provided by M.K. Grandison, PhD, of Adis Communications, through financial support by Daiichi Sankyo, Inc. and Eli Lilly and Company. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-3277 J9 AM J CARDIOVASC DRUG JI Am. J. Cardiovasc. Drugs PY 2012 VL 12 IS 2 BP 83 EP 91 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 920TQ UT WOS:000302431200002 PM 22316323 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Nita, R Moore, M Zabetakis, D Chang, E Knight, DA AF Trammell, Scott A. Nita, Rafaela Moore, Martin Zabetakis, Dan Chang, Eddie Knight, D. Andrew TI Accelerating the initial rate of hydrolysis of methyl parathion with laser excitation using monolayer protected 10 nm Au nanoparticles capped with a Cu(bpy) catalyst SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DNA; MOLECULES; RELEASE; NANOTECHNOLOGY; SIZE; BOND AB Using a low power green laser, we have demonstrated a rate acceleration of similar to 2-fold for the hydrolysis of methyl parathion by irradiating the plasmon absorption band of Au nanoparticles capped with a Cu(bpy) catalyst. C1 [Trammell, Scott A.; Moore, Martin; Zabetakis, Dan; Chang, Eddie] USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nita, Rafaela; Knight, D. Andrew] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Trammell, SA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM scott.trammell@nrl.navy.mil OI Knight, David/0000-0001-5510-6265 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (MIPR) [B102405M, B112542M] FX This work received support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (MIPR #B102405M and B112542M). NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 34 BP 4121 EP 4123 DI 10.1039/c2cc30850a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 915IF UT WOS:000302017000027 PM 22434011 ER PT J AU Caceres, SB Ear, S AF Caceres, Sigfrido Burgos Ear, Sophal TI The Geopolitics of China's Global Resources Quest SO GEOPOLITICS LA English DT Article ID OIL DIPLOMACY; AFRICA AB China's double-digit average growth in the last twenty years has built up manufacturing and industrial behemoths that helped move the country from an agrarian society into a major economic player in the global economy. This prosperous growth coupled with construction of urban infrastructures and the rapid adoption of profligate lifestyles has created dependency on energy sources, raw materials and natural resources that need to be secured to maintain commercial, economic, and social wheels turning. In failing to sustain growth and security, both of which are national priorities, the Chinese Communist Party faces ideological and political risks. As a result, China's global resources quest is taking it to faraway lands and its presence as well as its motives and mechanisms raises geopolitical issues around the globe. C1 [Caceres, Sigfrido Burgos] UN, FAO, AGAH ECTAD, I-00100 Rome, Italy. [Ear, Sophal] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Caceres, SB (reprint author), UN, FAO, AGAH ECTAD, Viale Terme Caracalla,C506, I-00100 Rome, Italy. EM sigfrido.burgos@fao.org NR 118 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 28 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1465-0045 J9 GEOPOLITICS JI Geopolitics PY 2012 VL 17 IS 1 BP 47 EP 79 DI 10.1080/14650045.2011.562943 PG 33 WC Geography; Political Science SC Geography; Government & Law GA 912JQ UT WOS:000301794600003 ER PT J AU Burgos, S Ear, S AF Burgos, Sigfrido Ear, Sophal TI China's Oil Hunger in Angola: history and perspective SO JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY CHINA LA English DT Article AB China aims to secure, across the globe, the natural resources and raw materials needed to sustain the rapid economic growth in its manufacturing and industrial sectors. Among the many critical resources needed to fulfill its variegated energy needs, oil is by far the most important one given that it fuels its economic engine. Angola's vast oil reserves and flexible production levels make it a leading producer and exporter of crude oil. It quickly became a strategic oil supplier to China. In 2010, Angola supplied one-quarter of China's oil imports. C1 [Burgos, Sigfrido] Food & Agr Org FAO United Nations, Rome, Italy. [Ear, Sophal] USN, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Burgos, S (reprint author), Food & Agr Org FAO United Nations, Rome, Italy. EM sigfrido.burgos@fao.org NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1067-0564 EI 1469-9400 J9 J CONTEMP CHINA JI J. Contemp. China PY 2012 VL 21 IS 74 SI SI BP 351 EP 367 DI 10.1080/10670564.2012.635935 PG 17 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 915JO UT WOS:000302020700010 ER PT J AU Forohar, F Whitaker, CM Uber, IC Bellitto, V AF Forohar, Farhad Whitaker, Craig M. Uber, Ian C. Bellitto, Victor TI Synthesis and Characterization of Nitro-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE acyl azide; amine; carboxylic acid; functionalization; isocyanate; nitration; single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) ID AMINO-FUNCTIONALIZATION; WATER-SOLUBILIZATION; ACID; CHEMISTRY; PURIFICATION; OXIDATION; SURFACE; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFACE AB Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with direct covalent bonding to nitro groups are reported. SWNTs covalently functionalized with nitro groups are prepared by chemical transformation of the carboxylic acid groups introduced on the wall of carbon nanotubes. Nitro-functionalized SWNTs have potential applications in energetic materials. The nitrated SWNTs are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. C1 [Forohar, Farhad; Bellitto, Victor] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Whitaker, Craig M.; Uber, Ian C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Forohar, F (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, 4104 Evans Way,Suite 102,Bldg 600, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM farhad.forohar@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001409WR40059]; CORE at NSWC Indian Head Division FX This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research, Grant No. N0001409WR40059, and by the CORE program at NSWC Indian Head Division. The assistance of Dr. William Koppes and the support of Dr. Thomas Russell and Robert Kaczmarek at Indian Head for completion of this work are also appreciated. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 BP 55 EP 71 DI 10.1080/07370652.2010.542797 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 917KM UT WOS:000302174000004 ER PT J AU Myers, JD Xue, JG AF Myers, Jason D. Xue, Jiangeng TI Organic Semiconductors and their Applications in Photovoltaic Devices SO POLYMER REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE semiconductors; photovoltaics; organic solar cell; organic electronics; device physics ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; DONOR-ACCEPTOR HETEROJUNCTIONS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; INTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; VAPOR-PHASE DEPOSITION; OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; LOW-BANDGAP POLYMER AB In recent years, organic semiconductors have emerged as a promising and, in some situations, viable commercial alternative to traditional inorganic materials such as silicon. Organic-based light emitting diodes, photovoltaic devices, photodetectors, and transistors have attracted intense interest in the scientific community. In this review, we first present a discussion of the fundamental electronic nature of organic semiconductors, processing techniques, and their application to two main classes of optoelectronic devices, light emitting diodes, and photovoltaics. The second part of the review introduces organic photovoltaics in depth, including their operation principles, development history, current state of the art, and routes for further improvement. C1 [Myers, Jason D.] USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Myers, Jason D.; Xue, Jiangeng] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Myers, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jason.myers@nrl.navy.mil RI Xue, Jiangeng/A-5373-2008; OI Xue, Jiangeng/0000-0002-0932-3469 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0644690]; Department of Energy [DE-FG36-08GO18020]; Florida Energy Systems Consortium FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation CAREER Program (ECCS-0644690), the Department of Energy Solar Energy Technology Program (DE-FG36-08GO18020), and the Florida Energy Systems Consortium. NR 211 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 13 U2 162 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1558-3724 EI 1558-3716 J9 POLYM REV JI Polym. Rev. PY 2012 VL 52 IS 1 BP 1 EP 37 DI 10.1080/15583724.2011.644368 PG 37 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 919VL UT WOS:000302358700001 ER PT J AU Hamdan, LJ Sikaroodi, M Gillevet, PM AF Hamdan, Leila J. Sikaroodi, Masoumeh Gillevet, Patrick M. TI Bacterial Community Composition and Diversity in Methane Charged Sediments Revealed by Multitag Pyrosequencing SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE AOM; bacteria; Chilean margin; methane; multi-tag; pyrosequencing; sulfate ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; DEEP MARINE-SEDIMENTS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; OXIDIZING ARCHAEA; COLD SEEPS; MARGIN; SULFIDE; SEA; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AB Bacterial diversity in sediments obtained along the Chilean margin from areas containing methane seeps, and a hydrate mound were explored by cloning and sequencing and multitag pyrosequencing (MTPS). These libraries were statistically compared to determine the robustness of taxonomic assignment derived from multiplexed pyrosequencing strategies targeting variable regions V1 and V2 of the small subunit rRNA gene for environmental studies. There was no statistical difference in the composition of the libraries, thus, MTPS was utilized to describe diversity in three geochemical zones in these environments. Unidentified Cyanobacteria isolates were abundant in the sulfate reduction zone (SRZ), Deltaproteobacteria were concentrated at the sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ) and Chloroflexi/GNS dominated methanogenesis zone (MGZ). Although there was variation among specific groups, communities in the SRZ and MGZ did not differ significantly. However, the community dominated by Deltaproteobacteria differentiates the SMTZ from the other zones. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Geomicrobiology Journal to view the free supplemental file. C1 [Hamdan, Leila J.] USN, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Sikaroodi, Masoumeh; Gillevet, Patrick M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Microbiome Anal Ctr, Manassas, VA USA. RP Hamdan, LJ (reprint author), USN, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Res Lab, Code 6114,Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC USA. EM leila.hamdan@nrl.navy.mil RI Hamdan, Leila/A-4535-2009 OI Hamdan, Leila/0000-0001-7331-0729 FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory Chemistry Division FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Laboratory Chemistry Division Young Investigator Program. We thank the captain and crew of the OSV Vidal Gormaz for field assistance, R. Downer and L. Bryant for design and operation of the coring device. We thank our collaborators R. Coffin, J. Pohlman, W. Wood, R. Plummer, and J. Diaz, for their support of this study. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2012 VL 29 IS 4 BP 340 EP 351 DI 10.1080/01490451.2011.559305 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 914WH UT WOS:000301983200005 ER PT J AU Golany, B Kress, M Penn, M Rothblum, UG AF Golany, Boaz Kress, Moshe Penn, Michal Rothblum, Uriel G. TI Network Optimization Models for Resource Allocation in Developing Military Countermeasures SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHORTEST-PATH PROBLEM; EXPENDITURE PATTERNS; PROJECTS AB A military arms race is characterized by an iterative development of measures and countermeasures. An attacker attempts to introduce new weapons in order to gain some advantage, whereas a defender attempts to develop countermeasures that can mitigate or even eliminate the effects of the weapons. This paper addresses the defender's decision problem: given limited resources, which countermeasures should be developed and how much should be invested in their development to minimize the damage caused by the attacker's weapons over a certain time horizon. We formulate several optimization models, corresponding to different operational settings, as constrained shortest-path problems and variants thereof. We then demonstrate the potential applicability and robustness of this approach with respect to various scenarios. C1 [Golany, Boaz; Penn, Michal; Rothblum, Uriel G.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Kress, Moshe] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Golany, B (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM golany@ie.technion.ac.il; mkress@nps.edu; mpenn@ie.technion.ac.il; rothblum@ie.technion.ac.il FU Daniel Rose Technion-Yale Initiative for Research on Homeland Security and Counter-Terrorism FX This research was partially supported by the Daniel Rose Technion-Yale Initiative for Research on Homeland Security and Counter-Terrorism. The authors thank Tami Margalit for help in conducting the numerical experiments, and Rafi Hassin for useful suggestions. The authors also acknowledge two anonymous referees for insightful comments and criticism that improved the paper. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 48 EP 63 DI 10.1287/opre.1110.1002 PG 16 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 916OU UT WOS:000302113900005 ER PT J AU Boglione, L Lin, JS Khalil, W AF Boglione, Luciano Lin, Jenshan Khalil, Waleed TI Expanding RFIC Horizons SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Boglione, Luciano] NRL, Washington, DC USA. [Lin, Jenshan] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Khalil, Waleed] Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Boglione, L (reprint author), NRL, Washington, DC USA. EM l.boglione@ieee.org; jenshan@ieee.org; khalil@ece.osu.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 10 EP 12 DI 10.1109/MMM.2011.2173858 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 908RQ UT WOS:000301508200002 ER PT J AU Gong, J Wu, DL Eckermann, SD AF Gong, J. Wu, D. L. Eckermann, S. D. TI Gravity wave variances and propagation derived from AIRS radiances SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; MOMENTUM FLUX; PARAMETERIZATION; CONVECTION; SATELLITE; MODELS; DRAG AB As the first gravity wave (GW) climatology study using nadir-viewing infrared sounders, 50 Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) radiance channels are selected to estimate GW variances at pressure levels between 2-100 hPa. The GW variance for each scan in the cross-track direction is derived from radiance perturbations in the scan, independently of adjacent scans along the orbit. Since the scanning swaths are perpendicular to the satellite orbits, which are inclined meridionally at most latitudes, the zonal component of GW propagation can be inferred by differencing the variances derived between the westmost and the eastmost viewing angles. Consistent with previous GW studies using various satellite instruments, monthly mean AIRS variance shows large enhancements over meridionally oriented mountain ranges as well as some islands at winter hemisphere high latitudes. Enhanced wave activities are also found above tropical deep convective regions. GWs prefer to propagate westward above mountain ranges, and eastward above deep convection. AIRS 90 field-of-views (FOVs), ranging from +48 degrees to -48 degrees off nadir, can detect large-amplitude GWs with a phase velocity propagating preferentially at steep angles (e. g., those from orographic and convective sources). The annual cycle dominates the GW variances and the preferred propagation directions for all latitudes. Indication of a weak two-year variation in the tropics is found, which is presumably related to the Quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). AIRS geometry makes its out-tracks capable of detecting GWs with vertical wavelengths substantially shorter than the thickness of instrument weighting functions. The novel discovery of AIRS capability of observing shallow inertia GWs will expand the potential of satellite GW remote sensing and provide further constraints on the GW drag parameterization schemes in the general circulation models (GCMs). C1 [Gong, J.; Wu, D. L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Eckermann, S. D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gong, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jie.gong@jpl.nasa.gov RI Gong, Jie/H-2436-2011; Wu, Dong/D-5375-2012 FU NASA; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work is performed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The authors acknowldge the supports from NASA Earth Sciences program and Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 research program. J. Gong is greatful to Moustafa Chahine, Kaoru Sato, Hye-Young Chun, and Stephen Licata for helpful discussions and comments. Two reviewers and editor's comments are highly appreciated. NR 48 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1701 EP 1720 DI 10.5194/acp-12-1701-2012 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900GW UT WOS:000300875900004 ER PT J AU Parrington, M Palmer, PI Henze, DK Tarasick, DW Hyer, EJ Owen, RC Helmig, D Clerbaux, C Bowman, KW Deeter, MN Barratt, EM Coheur, PF Hurtmans, D Jiang, Z George, M Worden, JR AF Parrington, M. Palmer, P. I. Henze, D. K. Tarasick, D. W. Hyer, E. J. Owen, R. C. Helmig, D. Clerbaux, C. Bowman, K. W. Deeter, M. N. Barratt, E. M. Coheur, P. -F. Hurtmans, D. Jiang, Z. George, M. Worden, J. R. TI The influence of boreal biomass burning emissions on the distribution of tropospheric ozone over North America and the North Atlantic during 2010 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE EMISSIONS; IASI MEASUREMENTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ZONAL STRUCTURE; ERROR ANALYSIS; LIGHTNING NOX; TROPICAL O-3; GEOS-CHEM; SPECTROMETER; SATELLITE AB We have analysed the sensitivity of the tropospheric ozone distribution over North America and the North Atlantic to boreal biomass burning emissions during the summer of 2010 using the GEOS-Chem 3-D global tropospheric chemical transport model and observations from in situ and satellite instruments. We show that the model ozone distribution is consistent with observations from the Pico Mountain Observatory in the Azores, ozonesondes across Canada, and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Instrument (IASI) satellite instruments. Mean biases between the model and observed ozone mixing ratio in the free troposphere were less than 10 ppbv. We used the adjoint of GEOS-Chemto show the model ozone distribution in the free troposphere over Maritime Canada is largely sensitive to NOx emissions from biomass burning sources in Central Canada, lightning sources in the central US, and anthropogenic sources in the eastern US and southeastern Canada. We also used the adjoint of GEOS-Chem to evaluate the Fire Locating And Monitoring of Burning Emissions (FLAMBE) inventory through assimilation of CO observations from the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) satellite instrument. The CO inversion showed that, on average, the FLAMBE emissions needed to be reduced to 89% of their original values, with scaling factors ranging from 12% to 102 %, to fit the MOPITT observations in the boreal regions. Applying the CO scaling factors to all species emitted from boreal biomass burning sources led to a decrease of the model tropospheric distributions of CO, PAN, and NOx by as much as -20 ppbv, -50 pptv, and -20 pptv respectively. The modification of the biomass burning emission estimates reduced the model ozone distribution by approximately -3 ppbv (-8%) and on average improved the agreement of the model ozone distribution compared to the observations throughout the free troposphere, reducing the mean model bias from 5.5 to 4.0 ppbv for the Pico Mountain Observatory, 3.0 to 0.9 ppbv for ozonesondes, 2.0 to 0.9 ppbv for TES, and 2.8 to 1.4 ppbv for IASI. C1 [Parrington, M.; Palmer, P. I.; Barratt, E. M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Henze, D. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tarasick, D. W.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Hyer, E. J.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Owen, R. C.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Helmig, D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Clerbaux, C.; George, M.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, UPMC, CNRS INSU,LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Bowman, K. W.; Worden, J. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Deeter, M. N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Coheur, P. -F.; Hurtmans, D.] Univ Libre Brussels, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium. [Jiang, Z.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Parrington, M (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. EM mark.parrington@ed.ac.uk RI Parrington, Mark/E-7148-2013; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016; OI Parrington, Mark/0000-0003-4313-6218; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/F017391/1]; NASA [NNH07AF47I]; Nuffield Foundation; Leverhulme Philip Prize; US National Science Foundation [AGS1011968]; F.R.S.-FNRS; Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs; European Space Agency (ESA); Actions de Recherche Concertee' (Communaute Francaise de Belgique) FX The BORTAS project is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council under grant NE/F017391/1. DKH is supported through the NASA New Investigator Program. EJH participation was funded by NASA IDS award #NNH07AF47I. PIP acknowledges funding for EMB from the Nuffield Foundation undergraduate bursary for summer 2010 and from Leverhulme Philip Prize for the summer of 2011. Measurements at the Pico Mountain Observatory were funded by the US National Science Foundation award #AGS1011968. PFC is Research Associate (Chercheur Qualifie) with F.R.S.-FNRS. The research in Belgium was funded by the F.R.S.-FNRS, the Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs and the European Space Agency (ESA-Prodex arrangements). Financial support by the 'Actions de Recherche Concertee' (Communaute Francaise de Belgique) is also acknowledged. IASI has been developed and built under the responsibility of the Centre National des Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France). The IASI L1C data are distributed in near real time by Eumetsat through the Eumetcast dissemination system. The authors acknowledge the Ether French atmospheric database (http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr) for providing the IASI data. MOPITT CO and TES ozone data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. NR 66 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 2077 EP 2098 DI 10.5194/acp-12-2077-2012 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900GW UT WOS:000300875900025 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Xian, P Hyer, EJ Flatau, MK Ramirez, EM Turk, FJ Sampson, CR Zhang, C Fukada, EM Maloney, ED AF Reid, J. S. Xian, P. Hyer, E. J. Flatau, M. K. Ramirez, E. M. Turk, F. J. Sampson, C. R. Zhang, C. Fukada, E. M. Maloney, E. D. TI Multi-scale meteorological conceptual analysis of observed active fire hotspot activity and smoke optical depth in the Maritime Continent SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; INDONESIAN FOREST-FIRES; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; FORECAST MODEL; KELVIN WAVES; HAZE EPISODE; DIPOLE MODE AB Much research and speculation exists about the meteorological and climatological impacts of biomass burning in the Maritime Continent (MC) of Indonesia and Malaysia, particularly during El Nino events. However, the MC hosts some of the world's most complicated meteorology, and we wish to understand how tropical phenomena at a range of scales influence observed burning activity. Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) derived active fire hotspot patterns coupled with aerosol data assimilation products, satellite based precipitation, and meteorological indices, the meteorological context of observed fire prevalence and smoke optical depth in the MC are examined. Relationships of burning and smoke transport to such meteorological and climatic factors as the interannual El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), El Nino Modoki, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, the 30-90 day Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO), tropical waves, tropical cyclone activity, and diurnal convection were investigated. A conceptual model of how all of the differing meteorological scales affect fire activity is presented. Each island and its internal geography have different sensitivities to these factors which are likely relatable to precipitation patterns and land use practices. At the broadest scales as previously reported, we corroborate ENSO is indeed the largest factor. However, burning is also enhanced by periods of El Nino Modoki. Conversely, IOD influences are unclear. While interannual phenomena correlate to total seasonal burning, the MJO largely controls when visible burning occurs. High frequency phenomena which are poorly constrained in models such as diurnal convection and tropical cyclone activity also have an impact which cannot be ignored. Finally, we emphasize that these phenomena not only influence burning, but also the observability of burning, further complicating our ability to assign reasonable emissions. C1 [Reid, J. S.; Hyer, E. J.; Flatau, M. K.; Sampson, C. R.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Ramirez, E. M.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Turk, F. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Zhang, C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fukada, E. M.] Joint Typhoon Warning Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Maloney, E. D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. EM jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Maloney, Eric/A-9327-2008 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Maloney, Eric/0000-0002-2660-2611 FU NRL Base; NASA; Office of Naval Research [32] FX We are grateful to many of our 7SEAS partners for helpful discussions, and in particular Jukka Miettinen of the National University of Singapore Center for Remote Imaging. Sensing and Processing. We are also grateful to Song Yang, NRL, for helpful discussions on diurnal precipitation in the region. This paper was supported by the NRL Base Program, NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program, and the Office of Naval Research Code 32. NR 141 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 2117 EP 2147 DI 10.5194/acp-12-2117-2012 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900GW UT WOS:000300875900027 ER PT S AU Avramov-Zamurovic, S Malek-Madani, R Nelson, C Korotkova, O AF Avramov-Zamurovic, S. Malek-Madani, R. Nelson, C. Korotkova, O. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT Korotkova, O TI Probability Density Function (PDF) of intensity of a stochastic light beam propagating in the turbulent atmosphere SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS VI ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications VI Atmospheric and Oceanic Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves VI CY JAN 22-24, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB Measurements of the intensity of a light beam produced by a laser source, reflected from a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) and propagating in a weakly turbulent maritime atmosphere have been carried out in a recent campaign on the grounds of the US Naval Academy. The effect of the degree of spatial coherence in the beam at the source plane (right after the reflection from the SLM) on the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the intensity of the propagating beam at a single fixed position in space is studied in detail. The measured intensity histogram of the fluctuating intensity is compared with the Gamma-Laguerre analytical model for the intensity PDF. C1 [Avramov-Zamurovic, S.] USN Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Avramov-Zamurovic, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-881-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8238 AR 82380J DI 10.1117/12.912568 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BZE74 UT WOS:000301279700013 ER PT J AU Wettergren, TA Traweek, CM AF Wettergren, Thomas A. Traweek, C. Michael TI The Search Benefits of Autonomous Mobility in Distributed Sensor Networks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article ID TRACKING; TARGETS; MOTION AB We consider a problem of finding the effectiveness of applying varying amounts of motion in fields of autonomous unmanned vehicles performing group search operations. These fields are typically deployed to provide extended coverage over that provided by a single sensor in spatially extended search regions. The autonomous nature of these distributed sensing assets is attributable to constraints on communications bandwidth and manpower. Due to the potential large cost discrepancy between fielding moving searchers and fixed searchers, the potential benefit of searcher motion relative to that achievable by deployment of larger numbers of fixed nodes is a critical operational consideration. We build a parametric analytical model of searcher performance for fields of moving searchers, and through a perturbation analysis examine the effectiveness of searcher motion vice nonmotion in terms of numbers of searchers required to achieve similar goals. Numerical simulations support the conclusions that are obtained. C1 [Wettergren, Thomas A.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Traweek, C. Michael] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Wettergren, TA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM t.a.wettergren@ieee.org OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 FU Office of Naval Research [321MS] FX This paper has been supported by the Office of Naval Research code 321MS. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1550-1329 J9 INT J DISTRIB SENS N JI Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. PY 2012 AR 797040 DI 10.1155/2012/797040 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 907MC UT WOS:000301420800001 ER PT J AU Crane, NJ Elster, EA AF Crane, Nicole J. Elster, Eric A. TI Vibrational spectroscopy: a tool being developed for the noninvasive monitoring of wound healing SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Review DE wound healing; acute wounds; chronic wounds; combat wounds; Raman spectroscopy; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION; RELEVANT MICROORGANISMS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; GRAFT SAMPLES; FTIR ANALYSIS; BONE TISSUE; BACTERIA; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; MINERALIZATION AB Wound care and management accounted for over 1.8 million hospital discharges in 2009. The complex nature of wound physiology involves hundreds of overlapping processes that we have only begun to understand over the past three decades. The management of wounds remains a significant challenge for inexperienced clinicians. The ensuing inflammatory response ultimately dictates the pace of wound healing and tissue regeneration. Consequently, the eventual timing of wound closure or definitive coverage is often subjective. Some wounds fail to close, or dehisce, despite the use and application of novel wound-specific treatment modalities. An understanding of the molecular environment of acute and chronic wounds throughout the wound-healing process can provide valuable insight into the mechanisms associated with the patient's outcome. Pathologic alterations of wounds are accompanied by fundamental changes in the molecular environment that can be analyzed by vibrational spectroscopy. Vibrational spectroscopy, specifically Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, offers the capability to accurately detect and identify the various molecules that compose the extracellular matrix during wound healing in their native state. The identified changes might provide the objective markers of wound healing, which can then be integrated with clinical characteristics to guide the management of wounds. (c) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.17.1.010902] C1 [Crane, Nicole J.; Elster, Eric A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Regenerat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Elster, Eric A.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Elster, Eric A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Crane, NJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Regenerat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Nicole.Crane@med.navy.mil FU U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery under the Office of Naval Research work unit [602115HP.3720.001.A1015] FX This effort was supported in part by the U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery under the Medical Development Program and Office of Naval Research work unit number 602115HP.3720.001.A1015. This study was approved by the National Naval Medical Center Institutional Review Board (NNMC IRB) in compliance with all federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects. The NNMC IRB-approved protocol number is NNMC.2005.0069/NMRC.2005.0012, and the protocol title is "The Use of Vacuum Assisted Wound Closure Device in the treatment of Extremity Wounds." NR 95 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 17 IS 1 AR 010902 DI 10.1117/1.JBO.17.1.010902 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 909ZZ UT WOS:000301608300005 PM 22352634 ER PT J AU Joo, YH Gao, HX Parrish, DA Cho, SG Goh, EM Shreeve, JM AF Joo, Young-Hyuk Gao, Haixiang Parrish, Damon A. Cho, Soo Gyeong Goh, Eun Mee Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Energetic salts based on nitroiminotetrazole-containing acetic acid SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-RICH; COORDINATION POLYMERS; LIGANDS; MONO; 5-AMINO-1H-TETRAZOLE; 5-NITROTETRAZOLATE AB 2-(5-Nitroiminotetrazol-1-yl) acetic acid (4) was synthesized from 100% nitric acid and ethyl 2-(5-aminotetrazol- 1-yl) acetate (2), which was easily obtained by reaction of ethyl aminoacetate hydrochloride, sodium hydroxide, and cyanogen azide. Compound 4 was also formed with 100% nitric acid and 2-(5-aminotetrazol-1-yl) acetic acid which was prepared from sodium 5-aminotetrazolate and 2-chloroacetic acid. New energetic materials comprised of nitroiminotetrazolate salts with nitroiminotetrazolate and carboxylate anions have been characterized spectroscopically as well as with single crystal X-ray diffraction and elemental analyses. In addition, the heats of formation (Delta H-f), and detonation pressures (P) and velocities (D) were calculated. All compounds were insensitive (>40 J) for impact with BAM Fallhammer. C1 [Joo, Young-Hyuk] Hanwha Corp R&D Ctr, Dept Explos & Pyrotech, Taejon 305156, South Korea. [Gao, Haixiang] China Agr Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cho, Soo Gyeong; Goh, Eun Mee] Agcy Def Dev, Def Adv R&D Ctr, Taejon 305600, South Korea. [Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Joo, YH (reprint author), Hanwha Corp R&D Ctr, Dept Explos & Pyrotech, Taejon 305156, South Korea. EM joo2011@hanwha.co.kr; jshreeve@uidaho.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-0097]; Agency for Defense Development (Korea) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research (N00014-10-0097) and the Agency for Defense Development (Korea). NR 39 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 13 BP 6123 EP 6130 DI 10.1039/c2jm30322a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 904KU UT WOS:000301195300033 ER PT J AU Menassa, C Mangasarian, S El Asmar, M Kirar, C AF Menassa, Carol Mangasarian, Seth El Asmar, Mounir Kirar, Carl TI Energy Consumption Evaluation of U.S. Navy LEED-Certified Buildings SO JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES LA English DT Article DE LEED-certified buildings; Energy savings AB As of October 1, 2008, the Department of the Navy established the requirement that all new buildings constructed for the United States Navy (USN) and United States Marine Corps (USMC) obtain a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Silver certification by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC). The goal of this requirement is to comply with Executive Order (EO) 13423, which mandates that all government departments reduce energy consumption by 30% by 2015. This research analyzes whether the 11 LEED-certified USN buildings have achieved the expected energy consumption savings. Energy data from LEED-certified buildings was compared with other USN and USMC non-certified buildings of comparable size, usage, and location. Statistical analysis shows that 9 of 11 LEED buildings did not achieve a 30% savings in electricity consumption, while seven of nine met the water consumption savings requirements set in place by EO 13423. Furthermore, this research concludes that the majority of the USN LEED-certified buildings actually showed more electricity consumption than the national averages as published by the Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000218. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Menassa, Carol] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mangasarian, Seth] USN, Civil Engn Corps, Marine Corps Air Stn, Beaufort, SC 29904 USA. RP Menassa, C (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2318 Engn Hall,1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM menassa@wisc.edu; seth.mangasarian@usmc.mil; elasmar@wisc.edu; kirar@wisc.edu NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3828 J9 J PERFORM CONSTR FAC JI J. Perform. Constr. Facil. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 26 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000218 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 908UU UT WOS:000301519100007 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bouvier, A Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Cutini, S de Palma, F Dermer, CD Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Enoto, T Falletti, L Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Fortin, P Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hayashida, M Hays, E Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Naumann-Godo, M Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pesce-Rollins, M Pierbattista, M Piron, F Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rochester, LS Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tosti, G Troja, E Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Zimmer, S AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bouvier, A. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cutini, S. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Enoto, T. Falletti, L. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Naumann-Godo, M. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, M. Piron, F. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Zimmer, S. TI In-flight measurement of the absolute energy scale of the Fermi Large Area Telescope SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cosmic-rays; Geomagnetic cutoff; Absolute energy scale; Fermi Large Area Telescope ID MISSION AB The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is a pair-conversion telescope designed to survey the gamma-ray sky from 20 MeV to several hundreds of GeV. In this energy band there are no astronomical sources with sufficiently well known and sharp spectral features to allow an absolute calibration of the LAT energy scale. However, the geomagnetic cutoff in the cosmic ray electron-plus-positron (CRE) spectrum in low Earth orbit does provide such a spectral feature. The energy and spectral shape of this cutoff can be calculated with the aid of a numerical code tracing charged particles in the Earth's magnetic field. By comparing the cutoff value with that measured by the LAT in different geomagnetic positions, we have obtained several calibration points between similar to 6 and similar to 13 GeV with an estimated uncertainty of similar to 2%. An energy calibration with such high accuracy reduces the systematic uncertainty in LAT measurements of, for example, the spectral cutoff in the emission from gamma ray pulsars. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Enoto, T.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Okumura, A.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab,Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Bouvier, A.; Ritz, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Bouvier, A.; Ritz, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.; Vianello, G.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Yang, Z.; Zimmer, S.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.] AlbaNova, Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bar, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.] CSIC, IEEE, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Pierbattista, M.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Serv Astrophys, CEA Saclay, CEA,IRFU,CNRS,Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chekhtman, A.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Ciprini, S.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Falletti, L.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Cutini, S.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hughes, R. E.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Johnson, T. J.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Katagiri, H.] Ibaraki Univ, Coll Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. [Kataoka, J.; Nakamori, T.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Lee, S. -H.] Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moiseev, A. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Okumura, A.; Ozaki, M.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Reimer, A.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Zimmer, S.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Troja, E.] NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Pesce-Rollins, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. EM melissa.pesce.rollins@pi.infn.it RI Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013 OI Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the USA; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the USA, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 35 IS 6 BP 346 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.10.007 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 898RZ UT WOS:000300760800007 ER PT J AU Love, CT Swider-Lyons, K AF Love, Corey T. Swider-Lyons, Karen TI Impedance Diagnostic for Overcharged Lithium-Ion Batteries SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CATHODE MATERIALS; AC-IMPEDANCE; BEHAVIOR; INTERCALATION; ELECTRODES; TOLERANCE; MECHANISM; CELLS AB The impedance response of LiCoO2 broken vertical bar C battery cells is exploited to develop a single-frequency (500 Hz) diagnostic tool to detect overcharge abuse. The impedance data are reversible at all states-of-charge during normal charge/discharge operations (2.8-4.2 V), with little change in Z' or Z '' at 500 Hz even after 200 cycles. However, a single 4.6 V overcharge shows clear differentiation in the impedance values at 500 Hz, which is responsive to the cell passivation layers, with the Z' and Z '' first decreasing and then irreversibly increasing with cycling. Thus, this single-frequency impedance method provides a simple means of monitoring battery health. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI:10.1149/2.014204esl] All rights reserved. C1 [Love, Corey T.; Swider-Lyons, Karen] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Love, CT (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM corey.love@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory FX This work has been funded by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2012 VL 15 IS 4 BP A53 EP A56 DI 10.1149/2.014204esl PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 891KG UT WOS:000300215100004 ER PT J AU Parikh, SP Esposito, JM AF Parikh, Sarangi P. Esposito, Joel M. TI Negative Feedback for Small Capacitive Touchscreen Interfaces: A Usability Study for Data Entry Tasks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HAPTICS LA English DT Article DE Auditory feedback; evaluation/methodology; input devices and strategies; user interfaces AB Touchscreen technology has become pervasive in the consumer product arena over the last decade, offering some distinct advantages such as software reconfigurable interfaces and the removal of space consuming mice and keyboards. However, there are significant drawbacks to these devices that have limited their adoption by some users. Most notably, standard touchscreens demand the user's visual attention and require them to look at the input device to avoid pressing the wrong button. This issue is particularly important for mobile, capacitive sensing, nonstylus devices, such as the iPhone where small button sizes can generate high error rates. While previous work has shown the benefits of augmenting such interfaces with audio or vibrotactile feedback, only positive feedback (confirmation of button presses) has been considered. In this paper, we present a simple prototype interface that provides negative vibrotactile feedback. By negative, we mean feedback is generated when an inactive or ambiguous part of the screen, such as the area between two buttons, is touched. First, we present a usability study comparing positive and negative vibrotactile feedback for a benchmark numerical data entry task. The difference in performance is not statistically significant, implying negative feedback provides comparable benefits. Next, based on the experimenter's observations and the users comments, we introduce a multimodal feedback strategy-combining complementary positive audio and negative vibrotactile signals. User tests on a text entry experiment show that, with multimodal feedback, users exhibit a (statistically significant) 24 percent reduction in corrective key presses, as compared to positive audio feedback alone. Exit survey comments indicate that users favor multimodal feedback. C1 [Parikh, Sarangi P.; Esposito, Joel M.] USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Parikh, SP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave,Mail Stop 14A, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM sparikh@usna.edu; esposito@usna.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 17 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1939-1412 J9 IEEE T HAPTICS JI IEEE Trans. Haptics PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1109/ToH.2011.71 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA 901PY UT WOS:000300980500007 PM 26963828 ER PT J AU Rogers, DF AF Rogers, David F. TI Penalties of Nonoptimal Turnback Maneuvers SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Turning back after engine failure during the takeoff phase of flight in a single-engine aircraft is reexamined to determine the penalties for using nonoptimum parameters. The effects of using nonoptimum parameters is least for small variations in initial climb speed increasing when using bank angles less than the optimum 45 deg bank angle and most critical when using higher speeds in the turn. Comparisons with typical general aviation recommendations for lower bank angles and higher speeds in the turn are drawn, all of which are found to be significantly nonoptimal. C1 [Rogers, David F.] USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM dfr@nar-associates.com NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 257 EP 261 DI 10.2514/1.C031510 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 889LY UT WOS:000300076400024 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Giuliani, JL Zalesak, ST Thornhill, JW Gardiner, TA AF Velikovich, A. L. Giuliani, J. L. Zalesak, S. T. Thornhill, J. W. Gardiner, T. A. TI Exact self-similar solutions for the magnetized Noh Z pinch problem SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; IDEAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; RADIATION TRANSPORT; INSTABILITY; FLUX; FLOW; MHD; HYDRODYNAMICS; IMPLOSIONS AB A self-similar solution is derived for a radially imploding cylindrical plasma with an embedded, azimuthal magnetic field. The plasma stagnates through a strong, outward propagating shock wave of constant velocity. This analysis is an extension of the classic Noh gasdynamics problem to its ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) counterpart. The present exact solution is especially suitable as a test for MHD codes designed to simulate linear Z pinches. To demonstrate the application of the new solution to code verification, simulation results from the cylindrical R-Z version of Mach2 and the 3D Cartesian code Athena are compared against the analytic solution. Alternative routines from the default ones in Athena lead to significant improvement of the results, thereby demonstrating the utility of the self-similar solution for verification. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3678213] C1 [Velikovich, A. L.; Giuliani, J. L.; Thornhill, J. W.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zalesak, S. T.] Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gardiner, T. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Velikovich, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU National Nuclear Security Administration of DOE; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors are grateful to M. Frese of NumerEx for several discussions on running the Mach2 code and presentation of the resulting solutions and to E. P. Yu of Sandia National Laboratories for fruitful discussions of the analytical self-similar solutions. The authors would also like to thank J. H. Cooley of Los Alamos National Laboratory for initiating our interest in the problem of an MHD verification tool. The work was supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration of DOE. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 AR 012707 DI 10.1063/1.3678213 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 901IF UT WOS:000300957400055 ER PT J AU Stiller, GP Kiefer, M Eckert, E von Clarmann, T Kellmann, S Garcia-Comas, M Funke, B Leblanc, T Fetzer, E Froidevaux, L Gomez, M Hall, E Hurst, D Jordan, A Kampfer, N Lambert, A McDermid, IS McGee, T Miloshevich, L Nedoluha, G Read, W Schneider, M Schwartz, M Straub, C Toon, G Twigg, LW Walker, K Whiteman, DN AF Stiller, G. P. Kiefer, M. Eckert, E. von Clarmann, T. Kellmann, S. Garcia-Comas, M. Funke, B. Leblanc, T. Fetzer, E. Froidevaux, L. Gomez, M. Hall, E. Hurst, D. Jordan, A. Kaempfer, N. Lambert, A. McDermid, I. S. McGee, T. Miloshevich, L. Nedoluha, G. Read, W. Schneider, M. Schwartz, M. Straub, C. Toon, G. Twigg, L. W. Walker, K. Whiteman, D. N. TI Validation of MIPAS IMK/IAA temperature, water vapor, and ozone profiles with MOHAVE-2009 campaign measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING MIPAS; MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; BOARD ENVISAT; RAMAN LIDAR; RETRIEVAL; MIPAS/ENVISAT AB MIPAS observations of temperature, water vapor, and ozone in October 2009 as derived with the scientific level-2 processor run by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK) and CSIC, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) and retrieved from version 4.67 level-1b data have been compared to co-located field campaign observations obtained during the MOHAVE-2009 campaign at the Table Mountain Facility near Pasadena, California in October 2009. The MIPAS measurements were validated regarding any potential biases of the profiles, and with respect to their precision estimates. The MOHAVE-2009 measurement campaign provided measurements of atmospheric profiles of temperature, water vapor/relative humidity, and ozone from the ground to the mesosphere by a suite of instruments including radiosondes, ozonesondes, frost point hygrometers, lidars, microwave radiometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. For MIPAS temperatures (version V4O_T_204), no significant bias was detected in the middle stratosphere; between 22 km and the tropopause MIPAS temperatures were found to be biased low by up to 2 K, while below the tropopause, they were found to be too high by the same amount. These findings confirm earlier comparisons of MIPAS temperatures to ECMWF data which revealed similar differences. Above 12 km up to 45 km, MIPAS water vapor (version V4O_H2O_203) is well within 10% of the data of all correlative instruments. The well-known dry bias of MIPAS water vapor above 50 km due to neglect of non-LTE effects in the current retrievals has been confirmed. Some instruments indicate that MIPAS water vapor might be biased high by 20 to 40% around 10 km (or 5 km below the tropopause), but a consistent picture from all comparisons could not be derived. MIPAS ozone (version V4O_O3_202) has a high bias of up to +0.9 ppmv around 37 km which is due to a non-identified continuum like radiance contribution. No further significant biases have been detected. Cross-comparison to co-located observations of other satellite instruments (Aura/MLS, ACE-FTS, AIRS) is provided as well. C1 [Stiller, G. P.; Kiefer, M.; Eckert, E.; von Clarmann, T.; Kellmann, S.; Schneider, M.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Garcia-Comas, M.; Funke, B.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Leblanc, T.; McDermid, I. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Fetzer, E.; Froidevaux, L.; Lambert, A.; Read, W.; Schwartz, M.; Toon, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Hall, E.; Hurst, D.; Jordan, A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Hall, E.; Hurst, D.; Jordan, A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kaempfer, N.; Straub, C.] Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [McGee, T.; Whiteman, D. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Miloshevich, L.] Milo Sci LLC, Lafayette, CO USA. [Gomez, M.; Nedoluha, G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Twigg, L. W.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Walker, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. RP Stiller, GP (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. EM gabriele.stiller@kit.edu RI Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016; Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; von Clarmann, Thomas/A-7287-2013; Kiefer, Michael/A-7254-2013; Schneider, Matthias/B-1441-2013; McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013; Garcia-Comas, Maya/E-4050-2014; Funke, Bernd/C-2162-2008; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094; Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; von Clarmann, Thomas/0000-0003-2219-3379; Garcia-Comas, Maya/0000-0003-2323-4486; Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322 FU NASA; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [50EE0901]; Naval Research Laboratory; ESA; Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX The MOHAVE-2009 campaign was partly funded by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. The work by KIT was partly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research under contract no. 50EE0901. G. E. Nedoluha and R. M. Gomez were funded by NASA under the Upper Atmosphere Research Program and by the Naval Research Laboratory. M. Garcia-Comas was supported by the CHOCOLATE project by ESA within the framework of the Changing Earth Science Network Initiative. AIRS and MLS data were obtained through the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/). The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The authors acknowledge ESA for providing MIPAS L1b data. GS and TvC would like to thank F. Hase, KIT, for helpful discussions. The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers who helped to improve the manuscript with constructive and supportive comments. NR 59 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2012 VL 5 IS 2 BP 289 EP 320 DI 10.5194/amt-5-289-2012 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900HD UT WOS:000300876700003 ER PT J AU Major, S AF Major, Solomon TI Timing Is Everything: Economic Sanctions, Regime Type, and Domestic Instability SO INTERNATIONAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE economic sanctions; Heckman selection; interaction model; regime-type ID INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS; SELECTION BIAS; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS AB Recent scholarship suggests that democracies are more vulnerable to economic coercion than authoritarian regimes; unfortunately, the countries most often targeted by economic sanctions are non-democratic. While agreeing that authoritarians are indeed more robust to sanctions at most times, this article argues that there exist "windows of opportunity," created by domestic instability, which make dictatorships particularly vulnerable to sanctions pressures. This is because, while domestic discontent in democracies is often seen a form of politics as usual (even if intensified), public demonstrations against the government in an authoritarian country can be both cause and indication of deep structural problems and crises that may be exploited by sanctioning countries. The hypothesis that the interaction between regime-type and domestic instability leads to greater vulnerability among despots finds strong support in a number of selection-corrected regressions indicating that, when sanctioning authoritarians, timing is indeed everything. C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Major, S (reprint author), USN, War Coll, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM solomon.major@usnwc.edu NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0629 J9 INT INTERACT JI Int. Interact. PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 79 EP 110 DI 10.1080/03050629.2012.640253 PG 32 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 899WL UT WOS:000300847200004 ER PT J AU Pietron, JJ Pomfret, MB Chervin, CN Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Pietron, Jeremy J. Pomfret, Michael B. Chervin, Christopher N. Long, Jeffrey W. Rolison, Debra R. TI Direct methanol oxidation at low overpotentials using Pt nanoparticles electrodeposited at ultrathin conductive RuO2 nanoskins SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROUS RUTHENIUM OXIDE; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; FUEL-CELLS; ELECTROOXIDATION; CATALYSTS; ELECTROCATALYSTS; PLATINUM; ALLOY; SUPPORT; ACID AB Small (primarily 2-4 nm) Pt nanoparticles electrodeposited at Ti-supported RuO2 nanoskins, designated as Pt/RuO2(Ti), are highly active for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol (CH3OH) in acid electrolyte, with peak potentials among the lowest reported anywhere for RuO2-supported Pt. The Pt-modified RuO2 nanoskin is equally effective for CH3OH oxidation whether one or both sides of the Ti-foil substrate is coated or whether the RuO2 nanoskin is electrolessly deposited at the Ti substrate as a single layer or in multiple layers. Current densities for methanol oxidation are similar to 2x lower than previously reported, owing to a bimodal distribution of both highly active (2-4 nm) and less active larger (> 5 nm) Pt particles. The methods reported here comprise a means of expressing highly active, nanostructured, bifunctional electrocatalytic coatings on substrates of essentially any geometry and minimizing the quantity of RuO2 necessary. C1 [Pietron, Jeremy J.; Pomfret, Michael B.; Chervin, Christopher N.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Rolison, Debra R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pietron, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank Megan Bourg Sassin (NRL) for helpful suggestions on the electrodeposition process. Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2012 VL 22 IS 11 BP 5197 EP 5204 DI 10.1039/c2jm15553b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 896MP UT WOS:000300571400089 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Rapp, RA Opeka, M Cinibulk, MK AF Parthasarathy, T. A. Rapp, R. A. Opeka, M. Cinibulk, M. K. TI Modeling Oxidation Kinetics of SiC-Containing Refractory Diborides SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CERAMICS; LIQUID OXIDE FLOW; SILICON-CARBIDE; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; DEGREES-C; VISCOSITY; COMPOSITES; AIR; HAFNIUM; ZRB2 AB Experimental data on the oxidation kinetics of SiC-containing diborides of Zr and Hf in the temperature regime of 14732273 similar to K are interpreted using a mechanistic model. The model encompasses counter-current gas diffusion in the internal SiC depleted zone, oxygen permeation through borosilicate glass channels in the oxide scale, and boundary layer evaporation at the surface. The model uses available viscosity, thermodynamic and kinetic data for boria, silica, and borosilicate glasses, and a logarithmic mean approximation for compositional variations. The internal depletion region of SiC is modeled with CO/CO2 counter diffusion as the oxygen transport mechanism. Data reported for pure SiC in air/oxygen, for ZrB2 containing varying volume fractions of SiC, and for SiCHfB2 ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) by different investigations were compared with quantitative predictions of the model. The model is found to provide good correspondence with laboratory-furnace-based experimental data for weight gain, scale thicknesses, and depletion layer thicknesses. Experimental data obtained from arc-jet tests at high enthalpies are found to fall well outside the model predictions, whereas lower enthalpy data were closer to model predictions, suggesting a transition in mechanism in the arc-jet environment. C1 [Parthasarathy, T. A.; Cinibulk, M. K.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Parthasarathy, T. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Rapp, R. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. [Opeka, M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM triplicane.parthasar-athy@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 FU USAF [FA8650-10-D-5226]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by USAF Contract # FA8650-10-D-5226 which included funding from US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), monitored by Dr. Ali Sayir. NR 59 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 95 IS 1 BP 338 EP 349 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04927.x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 871JX UT WOS:000298735300056 ER PT J AU Hegg, DA Covert, DS Jonsson, HH Woods, RK AF Hegg, D. A. Covert, D. S. Jonsson, H. H. Woods, R. K. TI A simple relationship between cloud drop number concentration and precursor aerosol concentration for the regions of Earth's large marine stratocumulus decks SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA COASTAL ZONE; SINGLE-PARAMETER REPRESENTATION; CONDENSATION NUCLEUS ACTIVITY; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CCN ACTIVITY; SAFARI 2000; VOCALS-REX; SIZE; PARTICLES AB Aircraft-based measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), accumulation mode and Aitken mode number concentrations, cloud drop number concentration (CDNC), and selected ancillary measurements are presented for the three large, semi-permanent marine stratocumulus decks of the earth (in the Pacific offshore of California and Chile and in the Atlantic offshore of Namibia). Based on these data, a simple linear relationship between CDNC and the accumulation mode number concentration (AMNC) is derived via regression. The slope of the regression is 0.72 +/- 0.04 with an R-2 of 0.90, higher than those found for CDNC-CCN linear regressions. Explanations of the relatively favorable CDNC-AMNC relationship and its utility for climate studies are discussed. C1 [Hegg, D. A.; Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.; Woods, R. K.] USN, Post Grad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hegg, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM deanhegg@atmos.washington.edu FU ONR [N00014-07-1-0277] FX This study was supported by ONR grant N00014-07-1-0277. We thank Rob Wood for useful comments and discussion. We also thank Richard Leaitch and two other anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 60 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 12 IS 3 BP 1229 EP 1238 DI 10.5194/acp-12-1229-2012 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 897ND UT WOS:000300656500002 ER PT J AU Pitt, KE AF Pitt, Karen E. TI Development of a Global Certification Program for Biorepository Technical Professionals SO BIOPRESERVATION AND BIOBANKING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pitt, Karen E.] USN Hosp, NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Pitt, Karen E.] ISBER Certificat Repository Technicians Task Forc, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Pitt, KE (reprint author), USN Hosp, NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 9650 Rockville Pike,Suite E133, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM isber@asip.org NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1947-5535 J9 BIOPRESERV BIOBANK JI Biopreserv. Biobank. PY 2012 VL 10 IS 1 BP 70 EP 71 DI 10.1089/bio.2011.1012 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Cell Biology; Chemistry; Medical Laboratory Technology GA 896BQ UT WOS:000300540800012 PM 24849756 ER PT J AU Ravichandran, G Rajapakse, YDS AF Ravichandran, G. Rajapakse, Y. D. S. TI Sandwich Structures SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ravichandran, G.] CALTECH, Grad Aerosp Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rajapakse, Y. D. S.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Ravichandran, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Grad Aerosp Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ravi@caltech.edu; yapa.rajapakse@navy.mil NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s11340-011-9580-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 896PK UT WOS:000300581200001 ER PT J AU Cranch, GA Flockhart, GMH AF Cranch, Geoffrey A. Flockhart, Gordon M. H. TI Tools for synthesising and characterising Bragg grating structures in optical fibres and waveguides SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Review DE fibre Bragg grating; interferometry; inverse scattering algorithm; synthesis; periodic filter design; characterisation ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; LOW-COHERENCE REFLECTOMETRY; INVERSE-SCATTERING ALGORITHM; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK LASERS; LAYER-PEELING ALGORITHM; HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; NOISY REFLECTION DATA; SINGLE-MODE FIBER; INTERFEROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AB Optical waveguide filters based on optical fibre Bragg gratings are used for a wide range of applications in communications systems, fibre lasers and optical fibre sensors. The technical specifications for many of these grating based devices are becoming increasingly challenging. To make technological advances in this area a number of tools, such as: grating synthesis, advanced fabrication techniques, characterisation and reconstruction techniques, are required to improve grating structures. Closing the loop between design and physical realisation has the potential to achieve an unprecedented degree of accuracy in device fabrication. Grating design, fabrication and characterisation has moved from merely an inexact experimental procedure to a highly controlled engineering process. The mathematical and physical tools to achieve this are described and examples of applications are used to illustrate the potential of these capabilities to accelerate further understanding and development of photosensitivity and gratings in novel optical fibres and waveguides in the future. C1 [Flockhart, Gordon M. H.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Ctr Microsyst & Photon, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. [Cranch, Geoffrey A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Flockhart, GMH (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Ctr Microsyst & Photon, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. EM gordon.flockhart@eee.strath.ac.uk RI Flockhart, Gordon/B-9664-2009 OI Flockhart, Gordon/0000-0002-8777-7511 NR 144 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2012 VL 59 IS 6 BP 493 EP 526 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.646332 PG 34 WC Optics SC Optics GA 897HN UT WOS:000300639100001 ER PT J AU Lu, Q Terray, A Collins, GE Hart, SJ AF Lu, Qin Terray, Alex Collins, Greg E. Hart, Sean J. TI Single particle analysis using fluidic, optical and electrophoretic force balance in a microfluidic system SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A unique microfluidic system is developed which enables the interrogation of a single particle by using multiple force balances from a combination of optical force, hydrodynamic drag force, and electrophoretic force. Two types of polystyrene (PS) particles with almost identical size and refractive index (plain polystyrene (PS) particle - mean diameter: 2.06 nu m, refractive index: 1.59; carboxylated polystyrene (PS-COOH) particles - mean diameter: 2.07 mu m, refractive index: 1.60), which could not be distinguished by optical chromatography, reveal different electrokinetic behaviors resulting from the difference in their surface charge densities. The PS-COOH particles, despite their higher surface charge density when compared to the PS particles, experience a lower electrophoretic force, regardless of ionic strength. This phenomenon can be understood when the more prominent polarization of the counter ion cloud surrounding the PS-COOH particles is considered. The surface roughness of the carboxylated particles also plays an important role in the observed electrokinetic behavior. C1 [Lu, Qin; Terray, Alex; Collins, Greg E.; Hart, Sean J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for funding support of this effort through the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2012 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1128 EP 1134 DI 10.1039/c2lc21017g PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 895QO UT WOS:000300511500016 PM 22315144 ER PT J AU Radice, JJ AF Radice, J. J. TI On the effect of local boundary condition details on the natural frequencies of simply-supported beams: Eccentric pin supports SO MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Boundary conditions; Simple supports; Natural frequencies; Beams; Eccentricity AB Pinned supports, or simple supports, are boundary conditions frequently encountered in the analysis of beams, plates, and shells. Simply supported boundary conditions can be modeled as restricting the lateral motion of the structure but freely allowing rotation at the boundaries. The literature to date has treated simple supports as though they are solely pinned at the mid-plane of the structure; however, the present study investigates the effects of eccentric pinned supports on the natural frequencies of beam structures. A COMSOL finite element model is created to investigate the changes in the natural frequencies of a beam structure with respect to the through-thickness location of the pin supports. Through this study it is found that the natural frequencies are significantly influenced by pin support eccentricity. For the beams considered in this article, it is seen that moving the pin supports from the mid-plane to the bottom edge raises the first natural frequencies by over 55%, regardless of beam length. To verify the COMSOL finite element model results, a Rayleigh-Ritz approximate solution for the natural frequencies is also obtained. To capture pin eccentricity, a novel cross-sectional geometry is proposed that incorporates fictitious material through the beans thickness. This fictitious material approach is completely compatible with the existing literature pertaining to the analysis of thin beams. The natural frequencies are confirmed to be strong functions of pin eccentricity, with the Rayleigh-Ritz results matching the COMSOL results to well within 4%. From this study it can be concluded that the through-thickness location of pin supports are significant and must be specified. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Radice, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM radice@usna.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0093-6413 J9 MECH RES COMMUN JI Mech. Res. Commun. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2011.08.007 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 892GU UT WOS:000300275500001 ER PT J AU Judd, KP Nichols, JM Howard, JG Waterman, JR Vilardebo, KM AF Judd, K. Peter Nichols, Jonathan M. Howard, J. Grant Waterman, James R. Vilardebo, Kenneth M. TI Passive shortwave infrared broadband and hyperspectral imaging in a maritime environment SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral; broadband; shortwave; infrared; passive; maritime; detection ID SHIP WAKES AB This work offers a comparison of broadband shortwave infrared, defined as the spectral band from 0.9 to 1.7 mu m, and hyperspectral shortwave infrared imagers in a marine environment under various daylight conditions. Both imagers are built around a Raytheon Vision Systems large format (1024 x 1280) indium-gallium-arsenide focal plane array with high dynamic range and low noise electronics. Sample imagery from a variety of objects and scenes indicates roughly the same visual performance between the two systems. However, we show that the more detailed spectral information provided by the hyperspectral system allows for object detection and discrimination. A vessel was equipped with panels coated with a variety of paints that possessed spectral differences in the 0.9 to 1.7 mu m waveband. The vessel was imaged at various ranges, states of background clutter, and times of the day. Using a standard correlation receiver, it is demonstrated that image pixels containing the paint can be easily identified. During the exercise, it was also observed that both bow waves and near-field wakes from a wide variety of vessel traffic provide a spectral signature in the shortwave infrared waveband that could potentially be used for object tracking. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.51.1.013202] C1 [Judd, K. Peter; Nichols, Jonathan M.; Howard, J. Grant; Waterman, James R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vilardebo, Kenneth M.] V Syst Inc, Satellite Beach, FL 32937 USA. RP Judd, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kjudd@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank Drs. E. Allman, J. Neumann, A. Huston, R. Burris, and C. Hoffman of the Naval Research Laboratory for their assistance in carrying out this work and offering many helpful suggestions. In addition, we thank the two anonymous reviewers for their many comments that have helped to improve this paper. This program was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 51 IS 1 AR 013202 DI 10.1117/1.OE.51.1.013202 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 896ZV UT WOS:000300611300024 ER PT J AU MacGregor, AJ Han, PP Dougherty, AL Galarneau, MR AF MacGregor, Andrew J. Han, Peggy P. Dougherty, Amber L. Galarneau, Michael R. TI Effect of Dwell Time on the Mental Health of US Military Personnel With Multiple Combat Tours SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; GULF-WAR; DEPLOYMENT; COHORT; SYMPTOMS; VETERANS; SOLDIERS; IMPACT; IRAQ AB Objective. We investigated the association of the length of time spent at home between deployments, or dwell time, with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health disorders. Methods. We included US Marine Corps personnel identified from military deployment records who deployed to Operation Iraqi Freedom once (n = 49 328) or twice (n = 16376). New-onset mental health diagnoses from military medical databases were included. We calculated the ratio of dwell-to-deployment time (DDR) as the length of time between deployments divided by the length of the first deployment. Results. Marines with 2 deployments had higher rates of PTSD than did those with 1 deployment (2.1% versus 1.2%; P<.001). A DDR representing longer dwell times at home relative to first deployment length was associated with reduced odds of PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32, 0.70), PTSD with other mental health disorder (OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.33, 0.94), and other mental health disorders (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.75). Conclusions. Longer dwell times may reduce postdeployment risk of PTSD and other mental health disorders. Future research should focus on the role of dwell time in adverse health outcomes. (Am J Public Health. 2012;102:S55-S59. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300341) C1 [MacGregor, Andrew J.; Han, Peggy P.; Dougherty, Amber L.; Galarneau, Michael R.] USN, Dept Med Modeling Simulat & Mission Support, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP MacGregor, AJ (reprint author), USN, Dept Med Modeling Simulat & Mission Support, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM andrew.macgregor@med.navy.mil FU US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery FX This work was supported by the US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery under the Wounded, Ill, and Injured/Psychological Health/Traumatic Brain Injury program. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PY 2012 VL 102 SU 1 BP S55 EP S59 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300341 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 893EO UT WOS:000300338600019 PM 22390601 ER PT J AU Shen, YC Arkes, J Williams, TV AF Shen, Yu-Chu Arkes, Jeremy Williams, Thomas V. TI Effects of Iraq/Afghanistan Deployments on Major Depression and Substance Use Disorder: Analysis of Active Duty Personnel in the US Military SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; COMBAT DEPLOYMENT; MILLENNIUM COHORT; ECONOMIC BURDEN; IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; COMPONENT; SERVICES AB Objectives. Our objective was to analyze the association between deployment characteristics and diagnostic rates for major depression and substance use disorder among active duty personnel. Methods. Using active duty personnel serving between 2001 and 2006 (n= 678382) and deployment information from the Contingent Tracking System, we identified individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders and major depression from TRICARE health records. We performed logistic regression analysis to assess the effect of deployment location and length on these diagnostic rates. Results. Increased odds of diagnosis with both conditions were associated with deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan compared with nondeployed personnel and with Army and Marine Corps personnel compared with Navy and Air Force personnel. Increases in the likelihood of either diagnosis with deployment length were only observed among Army personnel. Conclusions. There were increased substance use disorders and major depression across services associated with combat conditions. It would be important to assess whether the public health system has adequate resources to handle the increasing need of mental health services in this population. (Am J Public Health. 2012;102:S80-S87. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300425) C1 [Shen, Yu-Chu; Arkes, Jeremy] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Shen, Yu-Chu] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Arkes, Jeremy] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. [Williams, Thomas V.] TRICARE Management Act, Hlth Program Anal & Evaluat, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Shen, YC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd,Code GB, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yshen@nps.edu FU Chief of Naval Personnel (N1) Manpower, Personnel, Training & Education Division FX Y. Shen and J. Arkes thank the Chief of Naval Personnel (N1) Manpower, Personnel, Training & Education Division for financial support. The authors thank Dennis Mar, Wendy Funk, and the staff at Defense Manpower Data Center and TRICARE Management Activity for assisting with data extraction, and Melissa Burke for data processing. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PY 2012 VL 102 SU 1 BP S80 EP S87 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300425 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 893EO UT WOS:000300338600023 PM 22390609 ER PT J AU Dever, TT Gibbs, NF Jacob, SE AF Dever, Tara T. Gibbs, Neil F. Jacob, Sharon E. TI Dog Tag Dermatitis and Nickel Allergy in the Military SO DERMATITIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jacob, Sharon E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Dermatol, Rady Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Dever, Tara T.; Gibbs, Neil F.] USN, Dept Dermatol, Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Jacob, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Dermatol, Rady Childrens Hosp, 8010 Frost St,Suite 602, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM sjacob@contactderm.net NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 69 JOHN STREET SOUTH, STE 310, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 2B9, CANADA SN 1710-3568 J9 DERMATITIS JI Dermatitis PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 23 IS 1 BP 50 EP 50 DI 10.1097/DER.0b013e31823d17e8 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 890CF UT WOS:000300122000010 PM 22653071 ER PT J AU Jones, JC Burks, R Owens, BD Sturdivant, RX Svoboda, SJ Cameron, KL AF Jones, Jennifer C. Burks, Robert Owens, Brett D. Sturdivant, Rodney X. Svoboda, Steven J. Cameron, Kenneth L. TI Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Meniscal Injuries Among Active-Duty US Military Service Members SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Article DE knee injuries; lower extremity injuries; military athletes; injury epidemiology ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; EXERCISE-RELATED INJURIES; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MENISCECTOMY; SPORTS; ARMY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; DISLOCATION AB Context: Few population-based studies have examined the incidence of meniscal injuries, and limited information is available on the influence of patient's demographic and occupational factors. Objective: To examine the incidence of meniscal injuries and the influence of demographic and occupational factors among active-duty US service members between 1998 and 2006. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Using the International Classification of Diseases (9th revision) codes 836.0 (medial meniscus), 836.1 (lateral meniscus), and 836.2 (meniscus unspecified), we extracted injury data from the Defense Medical Surveillance System to identify all acute meniscal injuries among active-duty military personnel. Patients or Other Participants: Active-duty military personnel serving in all branches of military service during the study period. Main Outcome Measure(s): Incidence rate (IR) per 1000 person-years at risk and crude and adjusted rates by strata for age, sex, race, rank, and service. Results: During the study period, 100201 acute meniscal injuries and 12115606 person-years at risk for injury were documented. The overall IA was 8.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]= 8.22, 8.32) per 1000 person-years. Main effects were noted for all demographic and occupational variables (P<.001), indicating that age, sex, race, rank, and service were associated with the incidence of meniscal injuries. Men were almost 20% more likely to experience an acute meniscal injury than were women (incidence rate ratio =1.18, 95% CI =1.15, 1.20). The rate of meniscal injury increased with age; those older than 40 years of age experienced injuries more than 4 times as often as those under 20 years of age (incidence rate ratio =4.25, 95% CI=4.08, 4.42). Conclusions: The incidence of meniscal injury was substantially higher in this study than in previously reported studies. Male sex, increasing age, and service in the Army or Marine Corps were factors associated with meniscal injuries. C1 [Jones, Jennifer C.; Owens, Brett D.; Svoboda, Steven J.; Cameron, Kenneth L.] Keller Army Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Sturdivant, Rodney X.] Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY USA. [Burks, Robert] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Cameron, KL (reprint author), Keller Army Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, 900 Washington Rd, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM kenneth.cameron@amedd.army.mil RI Burks, Robert/J-2481-2015 OI Burks, Robert/0000-0001-6443-6653 NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 47 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 893DH UT WOS:000300335300008 PM 22488232 ER PT J AU Berechman, RA Chung, S Chung, G Sanchez, E Mahadik, NA Stahlbush, RE Skowronski, M AF Berechman, R. A. Chung, S. Chung, G. Sanchez, E. Mahadik, N. A. Stahlbush, R. E. Skowronski, M. TI Trapezoid defect in 4H-SiC epilayers SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Defects; Semiconductor silicon compounds ID STACKING-FAULT FORMATION; SCHOTTKY-BARRIER DIODES; I-N-DIODES; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; SURFACE-DEFECTS; DISLOCATIONS AB A new type of extended defect was identified in 4H-SiC homoepitaxial epilayers. The defect has a characteristic trapezoidal shape with parallel sides perpendicular to the off-cut direction in ultraviolet photoluminescence intensity maps. Structural characterization of the defect using a transmission electron microscope revealed that the trapezoid defect consisted of multiple Frank type stacking faults. The faults originate in the substrate and propagate into the epilayer during epitaxy. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Berechman, R. A.; Chung, S.; Skowronski, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Chung, G.; Sanchez, E.] Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI 48686 USA. [Mahadik, N. A.; Stahlbush, R. E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berechman, RA (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM rberechm@andrew.cmu.edu RI Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011 OI Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068 FU ONR [N00014-05-C-0324] FX This work was supported in part by ONR Contract #N00014-05-C-0324 (Program Officer: Dr. Paul Maki). NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 1 BP 16 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.10.009 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 884PQ UT WOS:000299720400004 ER PT J AU Aten, K Howard-Grenville, J Ventresca, MJ AF Aten, Kathryn Howard-Grenville, Jennifer Ventresca, Marc J. TI Organizational Culture and Institutional Theory: A Conversation at the Border SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INQUIRY LA English DT Article ID ISRAELI HIGH-TECH; INHABITED INSTITUTIONS; DYNAMICS; WORK; ENTREPRENEURSHIP; STRATEGIES; SOCIOLOGY; STORIES; FIELDS C1 [Aten, Kathryn] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Howard-Grenville, Jennifer] Univ Oregon, Lundquist Coll Business, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Ventresca, Marc J.] Univ Oxford, Said Business Sch, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Aten, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kjaten@nps.edu NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 33 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1056-4926 J9 J MANAGE INQUIRY JI J. Manage. Inq. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 78 EP 83 DI 10.1177/1056492611419790 PG 6 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 890WN UT WOS:000300176800011 ER PT J AU Aten, K Howard-Grenville, J AF Aten, Kathryn Howard-Grenville, Jennifer TI Encouraging Trade at the Boundary of Organizational Culture and Institutional Theory SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INQUIRY LA English DT Article DE institutional theory; organizational culture; culture theory ID IDENTITY AB In this essay, we reflect on the contributions to this dialogue. We focus on highlighting opportunities for deepening our understanding of cultural phenomena and institutions through work on the border between the two theories. Two avenues are promising: deepening our understandings of process in order to better explain cultural and institutional dynamics and attending to (surprising) levels of analysis such as local institutions and global cultures. The contributors to this dialogue have provided examples of the potential benefits gained through work at the borders of organizational culture and institutional theory, and in so doing have begun to answer some of the questions that instigated this exchange, suggesting paths forward, and we hope, instigating exchange. C1 [Aten, Kathryn] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Howard-Grenville, Jennifer] Univ Oregon, Lundquist Coll Business, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Aten, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kjaten@nps.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1056-4926 J9 J MANAGE INQUIRY JI J. Manage. Inq. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 21 IS 1 BP 114 EP 117 DI 10.1177/1056492611419803 PG 4 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 890WN UT WOS:000300176800019 ER PT J AU Abras, JN Lynch, CE Smith, MJ AF Abras, Jennifer N. Lynch, C. Eric Smith, Marilyn J. TI Computational Fluid Dynamics-Computational Structural Dynamics Rotor Coupling Using an Unstructured Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Methodology SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION; FUSELAGE; FLOWS; MESHES; LOADS; CFD AB The focus of this paper is to discuss the unique challenges introduced through the use of unstructured grids in rotorcraft computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-computational structural dynamics (CSD) coupling. The use of unstructured grid methodology in CFD has been expanding because of the advantages in grid generation and modeling of complex configurations. However, the resulting amorphous distribution of the grid points on the rotor blade surface provides no information with regard to the orientation of the blade, in direct contrast to structured grid methodology that can take advantage of the ordered mapping of points to identify the orientation as well as simplifying airloads integration. A methodology has been developed and is described here, which now permits unstructured methods to be utilized for elastic rotary-wing simulations. This methodology is evaluated through comparison of the UH60A rotor with available flight test data for forward flight. C1 [Abras, Jennifer N.] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Lynch, C. Eric; Smith, Marilyn J.] Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Abras, JN (reprint author), NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM jennifer.abras@navy.mil RI Smith, Marilyn/E-4961-2012 FU Vertical Lift Center of Excellence at the Georgia Institute of Technology; U.S. Army; HPC FX This work was sponsored in part by the Vertical Lift Center of Excellence at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and Dr. Michael Rutkowski has been the technical monitor of this center. Computational support was provided through the DoD High Performance Computing Centers at MHPCC, ERDC, and NAVO through an HPC grant from the U.S. Army. Dr. Roger Strawn is the S/AAA of this HPC grant. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Army or the U.S. Government. The authors thank the FUN3D Developer's Group at NASA Langley Research Center, in particular Dr. Bob Biedron and Ms. Elizabeth Lee-Rausch, as well as Dr. Ralph Noack at Penn State University, Dr. David O'Brien, Prof. Olivier Bauchau, Dr. Bob Ormiston, and Mr. Alan Egolf. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 57 IS 1 AR 012001 DI 10.4050/JAHS.57.012001 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 893AG UT WOS:000300326600001 ER PT S AU Vurgaftman, I Bewley, WW Merritt, CD Canedy, CL Kim, CS Abell, J Meyer, JR Kim, M AF Vurgaftman, I. Bewley, W. W. Merritt, C. D. Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Abell, J. Meyer, J. R. Kim, M. BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI Physics of interband cascade lasers SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IX CY JAN 22-26, 2012 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Internal loss; interband cascade laser; mid-infrared; semimetallic overlap; chemical sensing ID QUANTUM-WELL; DIODE-LASERS; RECOMBINATION; SUPERLATTICES; ABSORPTION AB The interband cascade laser (ICL) is a unique device concept that combines the effective parallel connection of its multiple-quantum-well active regions, interband active transitions, and internal generation of electrons and holes at a semimetallic interface within each stage of the device. The internal generation of carriers becomes effective under bias, and the role of electrical injection is to replenish the carriers consumed by recombination processes. Major strides have been made toward fundamentally understanding the rich and intricate ICL physics, which has in turn led to dramatic improvements in the device performance. In this article, we review the physical principles of the ICL operation and designs of the active region, electron and hole injectors, and optical waveguide. The results for state-of-the-art ICLs spanning the 3-6 mu m wavelength range are also briefly reviewed. The cw threshold input powers at room temperature are more than an order of magnitude lower than those for quantum cascade lasers throughout the mid-IR spectral range. This will lengthen battery lifetimes and greatly relax packaging and size/weight requirements for fielded sensing systems. C1 [Vurgaftman, I.; Bewley, W. W.; Merritt, C. D.; Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Abell, J.; Meyer, J. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-911-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8268 AR 82681F DI 10.1117/12.914577 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BYT71 UT WOS:000300191700037 ER PT S AU Livingston, MA Decker, JW AF Livingston, Mark A. Decker, Jonathan W. BE Wong, PC Kao, DL Hao, MC Chen, C Kosara, R Livingston, MA Park, J Roberts, I TI Evaluation of Multivariate Visualizations: A Case Study of Refinements and User Experience SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2012 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th SPIE Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis (VDA) CY JAN 23-25, 2012 CL Burlingame, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol (IS&T), SPIE, Hewlett Packard Co, Kitware Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SAGE Publicat Ltd, U.S. Dept Homeland Secur DE User study; multivariate visualization; visual analytics AB Multivariate visualization (MVV) aims to provide insight into complex data sets with many variables. The analyst's goal may be to understand how one variable interacts with another, to identify potential correlations between variables, or to understand patterns of a variable's behavior over the domain. Summary statistics and spatially abstracted plots of statistical measures or analyses are unlikely to yield insights into spatial patterns. Thus we focus our efforts on MVVs, which we hope will express key properties of the data within the original data domain. Further narrowing the problem space, we consider how these techniques may be applied to continuous data variables. One difficulty of MVVs is that the number of perceptual channels may be exceeded. We embarked on a series of evaluations of MVVs in an effort to understand the limitations of attributes that are used in MVVs. In a follow-up study to previously published results, we attempted to use our past results to inform refinements to the design of the MVVs and the study itself. Some changes improved performance, whereas others degraded performance. We report results from the follow-up study and a comparison of data collected from subjects who participated in both studies. On the positive end, we saw improved performance with Attribute Blocks, a MVV newly introduced to our on-going evaluation, relative to Dimensional Stacking, a technique we were examining previously. On the other hand, our refinement to Data-driven Spots resulted in greater errors on the task. Users' previous exposure to the MVVs enabled them to complete the task significantly faster (but not more accurately). Previous exposure also yielded lower ratings of subjective workload. We discuss these intuitive and counter-intuitive results and the implications for MVV design. C1 [Livingston, Mark A.; Decker, Jonathan W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Livingston, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,M-S 5580, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.livingston@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-941-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8294 AR 82940G DI 10.1117/12.912192 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BYT62 UT WOS:000300179600014 ER PT J AU Matis, BR Burgess, JS Bulat, FA Friedman, AL Houston, BH Baldwin, JW AF Matis, Bernard R. Burgess, James S. Bulat, Felipe A. Friedman, Adam L. Houston, Brian H. Baldwin, Jeffrey W. TI Surface Doping and Band Gap Tunability in Hydrogenated Graphene SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE graphene; hydrogenated graphene; transport; band gap; majority charge carrier AB We report the first observation of the n-type nature of hydrogenated graphene on SiO2 and demonstrate the conversion of the majority carrier type from electrons to holes using surface doping. Density functional calculations indicate that the carrier type reversal is directly related to the magnitude of the hydrogenated graphene's work function relative to the substrate, which decreases when adsorbates such as water are present. Additionally, we show by temperature-dependent electronic transport measurements that hydrogenating graphene induces a band gap and that In the moderate temperature regime [220-375 K], the band gap has a maximum value at the charge neutrality point, Is tunable with an electric field effect, and is higher for higher hydrogen coverage. The ability to control the majority charge carrier in hydrogenated graphene, in addition to opening a band gap, suggests potential for chemically modified graphene p-n junctions. C1 [Matis, Bernard R.; Burgess, James S.; Friedman, Adam L.; Houston, Brian H.; Baldwin, Jeffrey W.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bulat, Felipe A.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Baldwin, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jeffrey.baldwin@nrl.navy.mil RI Friedman, Adam/D-9610-2011 OI Friedman, Adam/0000-0003-0597-5432 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the members of the technical staff of the Institute for Nanoscience at NRL, David Zapotok and Dean St. Amand. The authors would also like to thank Daniel Gunlycke for useful discussions. B.R.M. and J.S.B. performed research courtesy of a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 27 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1021/nn2034555 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 879YH UT WOS:000299368300004 PM 22187951 ER PT J AU Dela Rosa, K Satter, EK AF Dela Rosa, Kristina Satter, Elizabeth K. TI Erythematous Patches on the Chest Erythema ab igne (EAI) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dela Rosa, Kristina; Satter, Elizabeth K.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Dela Rosa, K (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 148 IS 1 BP 113 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 883SB UT WOS:000299653900024 PM 22250245 ER PT J AU Voros, SD AF Voros, Sharon D. TI Empires of God: Religious Encounters in the Early Modern Atlantic SO CATHOLIC HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Voros, Sharon D.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Voros, SD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CATHOLIC UNIV AMER PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 620 MICHIGAN AVENUE NE ADMIN BLDG ROOM 303, WASHINGTON, DC 20064 USA SN 0008-8080 J9 CATHOL HIST REV JI Cathol. Hist. Rev. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 98 IS 1 BP 74 EP 76 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 891EE UT WOS:000300199200010 ER PT J AU Buckley, RG Stehman, CR Dos Santos, FL Riffenburgh, RH Swenson, A Mjos, N Brewer, M Mulligan, S AF Buckley, Robert G. Stehman, Christine R. Dos Santos, Frank L. Riffenburgh, Robert H. Swenson, Aaron Mjos, Nathan Brewer, Matt Mulligan, Sheila TI BEDSIDE METHOD TO ESTIMATE ACTUAL BODY WEIGHT IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ABW; actual body weight; anthropometric measurements; emergency medicine; drug dosing ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; ACCURACY; ERRORS AB Background: Actual body weight (ABW) is important for accurate drug dosing in emergency settings. Oftentimes, patients are unable to stand to be weighed accurately or clearly state their most recent weight. Objective: Develop a bedside method to estimate ABW using simple anthropometric measurements. Methods: Prospective, blinded, cross-sectional convenience sampling of adult Emergency Department (ED) patients. A multiple linear regression equation from Derivation Phase (n = 208: 121 males, 87 females) found abdominal and thigh circumferences (AC and TC) had the best fit and an inter-rater correlation of 0.99 and 0.96, respectively: Male ABW (kg) = -47.8 + 0.78 * (AC) + 1.06 * (TC); Female ABW = -40.2 + 0.47 * (AC) + 1.30 * (TC). Results: Derivation phase: Number of patients (%) with a body weight estimation (BWE) > 10 kg from ABW for males/females were: 7 (6%)/1 (1%) for Patients, 46 (38%)/28 (32%) for Doctors, 38 (31%)/24 (27%) for Nurses, 75 (62%)/43 (49%) for 70 kg/60 kg convention, and 14 (12%)/8 (9%) using the anthropometric regression model. For validation phase (55 males, 44 females): Gold standard ABW mean (SD) male/female = 83.6 kg (143)/71.5 kg (18.9) vs. anthropometric regression model = 86.3 kg (14.7)/73.3 kg (15.1). R-2 = 0.89, p < 0.001. The number (%) for males/females with a BWE > 10 kg using the anthropometric regression model = 8 (15 %)/11 (27%). Conclusions: For male patients, a regression model using supine thigh and abdominal circumference measurements seems to provide a useful and more accurate alternative to physician, nurse, or standard 70-kg male conventional estimates, but was less accurate for use in female patients. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Buckley, Robert G.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Stehman, Christine R.] Marine Corps Air Stn Miramar, San Diego, CA USA. [Dos Santos, Frank L.] US Naval Hosp Naples, Emergency Dept, Naples, Italy. [Riffenburgh, Robert H.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Riffenburgh, Robert H.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Swenson, Aaron] Dartmouth Coll, Sch Med, Hanover, NH USA. [Mjos, Nathan] Arrowhead Reg Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Colton, CA USA. [Brewer, Matt] St Lukes Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Bethlehem, PA USA. [Mulligan, Sheila] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Buckley, RG (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 42 IS 1 BP 100 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.10.022 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 890KB UT WOS:000300142400025 PM 21334843 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, LA Petersen, ER Ray, RI Little, BJ Cooper, CJ Howard, EC Ringeisen, BR Biffinger, JC AF Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Petersen, Emily R. Ray, Richard I. Little, Brenda J. Cooper, Candace J. Howard, Erinn C. Ringeisen, Bradley R. Biffinger, Justin C. TI Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Msh pilin proteins are involved in extracellular electron transfer in microbial fuel cells SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Shewanella oneidensis MR-1; Mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (Msh); type IV pili; Microbial fuel cell; Nanowire ID BACTERIAL NANOWIRES; FLAVINS AB Shewanella is a microbial genus that can oxidize lactate for the reduction of insoluble electron acceptors. This reduction is possible by either direct (cell-surface interaction, nanowires) or indirect (soluble redox mediators) mechanisms. However, the actual molecular identification of a nanowire has not been determined. Through mutational studies, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was analyzed for its ability to transfer electrons to an electrode after deletion of the structural pilin genes (Delta mshA-Delta) or the entire biosynthetic expression system (Delta mshH-Q) of one of its pilin complexes (Msh type IV pilus gene locus). The complete removal of the Msh complex (Delta mshH-Q) significantly decreased the current generated from a fuel cell compared to MR-1. However, the mutant with only extracellular Msh structural proteins removed (Delta mshA-D) was able to generate 80% of the current compared to MR-1. Thus, the intracellular and membrane bound Msh biogenesis complex is a pathway for extracellular electron transfer in S. oneidensis MR-1. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.; Biffinger, Justin C.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petersen, Emily R.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Ray, Richard I.; Little, Brenda J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, John C Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Cooper, Candace J.] Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. [Howard, Erinn C.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Biffinger, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6115, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research through MlPR [F1ATA00060G002] FX We would like to thank Daad Saffarini, Rachida Bouhenni and Ken Brockman at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee for contributing the mutants and thank Steven Finkel at the University of Southern California for his productive discussion on pilin systems. We would also like to thank Gary Vora (Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC) for the use of the Bioscreen C (TM) and Justin Burns (Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC) for help with mutant metrics. Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through NRL 6.2 BLK Program and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through MlPR#F1ATA00060G002. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 47 IS 1 BP 170 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.10.029 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 890GL UT WOS:000300133000026 ER PT J AU Zhang, YQ Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Zhang, Yanqiang Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI 4-Nitramino-3,5-dinitropyrazole-Based Energetic Salts SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE detonation performance; energetic salts; impact sensitivity; nitrogen; polynitro compounds ID IONIC LIQUIDS; CHEMISTRY; DETONATIONS; DERIVATIVES; EXPLOSIVES; DENSITIES; COMPOUND; HYDROGEN; MONO AB 4-Nitramino-3,5-dinitropyrazole was prepared and stabilized through the formation of its ammonium salt. With selected cations, 14 nitrogen-rich energetic salts were synthesized in high yield by metathesis reactions. These salts were fully characterized by H-1, C-13 NMR, and IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Additionally, the structures of the ammonium, 3,4,5-triaminotriazolium, and biguanidinium salts were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Based on experimental and calculated values, the 4-nitramino-3,5-dinitropyrazolate salts show properties, such as decomposition temperatures (115-229 degrees C), detonation pressures (23.27-37.42 GPa) and velocities (7713-9013 ms(-1)), and impact sensitivities (5-40 J) that place them with energetics such as RDX and TATB. C1 [Zhang, Yanqiang; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidhao.edu OI zhang, yan qiang/0000-0001-5577-0529 FU ONR [N00014-10-0097] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of ONR (N00014-10-0097)-Dr. Clifford Bedford. NR 59 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 18 IS 3 BP 987 EP 994 DI 10.1002/chem.201102773 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 873XQ UT WOS:000298919400032 PM 22170699 ER PT J AU Sethian, JD Obenschain, S AF Sethian, John D. Obenschain, Steve TI FUSION ENERGY WITH KRYPTON FLUORIDE LASERS AND DIRECT DRIVE TARGETS SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Emerging Nuclear Energy Systems CY MAY 15-19, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA AB We are developing the science and technology underpinnings for a fusion power source based on direct drive targets and krypton fluoride (KrF) lasers. Direct drive is chosen for its simplicity in the both the target physics and target fabrication, for its capability to achieve high energy gains, and for its unique potential to use a simple evacuated reaction chamber. KrF lasers have inherent physics advantages for achieving the robust high performance needed for the energy application. Gains greater than 140 are predicted with a relatively low laser energy of 1 MJ Gains of 200 are predicted with energies of around 2 MJ. KrF also has engineering advantages (e.g. the gas the gas medium easier to cool than solid state laser media). Credible technologies have been identified for most of the key components for a power plant using direct laser drive, including: target fabrication, injection, and tracking; the optical system; the reaction chamber; and the major subsystems. In many cases these technologies have been demonstrated in small scale tests. This paper gives an overview of the progress in all these areas, and gives a more detailed discussion on solutions for the reaction chamber (including nano-engineered first wall and magnetic intervention). Further details can be found in the references listed at the end of this paper. C1 [Sethian, John D.; Obenschain, Steve] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sethian, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.sethian@nrl.navy.mil RI 李, 涵/B-4995-2012 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1T BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 883BR UT WOS:000299608100008 ER PT J AU Dorman, DC Mokashi, V Wagner, DJ Olabisi, AO Wong, BA Moss, OR Centeno, JA Guandalini, G Jackson, DA Dennis, WE Lewis, JA Thomas, RS Chapman, GD AF Dorman, David C. Mokashi, Vishwesh Wagner, Dean J. Olabisi, Ayodele O. Wong, Brian A. Moss, Owen R. Centeno, Jose A. Guandalini, Gustavo Jackson, David A. Dennis, William E. Lewis, John A. Thomas, Russell S. Chapman, Gail D. TI Biological responses in rats exposed to cigarette smoke and Middle East sand (dust) SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Particle toxicity; nanoparticles; rat; in vivo; in vitro; pulmonary toxicity; cytotoxicity; dust inhalation ID ACUTE EOSINOPHILIC PNEUMONIA; OIL FLY-ASH; AL ESKAN DISEASE; PROBE LEVEL DATA; AIR-POLLUTION; LUNG INJURY; PARTICULATE MATTER; MILITARY PERSONNEL; PULMONARY TOXICITY; TRANSITION-METALS AB Respiratory symptoms are frequently reported in personnel deployed to the Middle East. This project characterized the respiratory toxicity of inhaled Iraqi sand (IS). Adult rats underwent a 6-wk inhalation to air or mainstream cigarette smoke (MSCS) (3 h/d, 5 d/wk) that included exposure to IS or crystalline silica (1 mg/m(3), 19 h/d, 7 d/wk) or air during the last 2 weeks. Assessments included motor activity, whole-body plethysmography, cytological and biochemical analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung metal burden, nasal and lung pathology, and changes in lung protein and gene expression. A number of metals including nickel, manganese, vanadium, and chromium were detected in IS. Elevated lung parenchyma aluminum, silica, barium, manganese, and vanadium concentrations were seen in IS-exposed rats, suggesting that several metals present in IS are bioavailable. Rats exposed to IS only developed mild inflammation in the anterior nose and lung. Silica inhalation was associated with some pulmonary responses that were not seen in IS-exposed rats, such as mild laryngeal and tracheal inflammation, mild tracheal epithelial hyperplasia, and elevated lung silica concentrations. MSCS inhalation with or without co-exposure to either IS or silica resulted in changes consistent with pulmonary inflammation and stress response. Rats exposed to MSCS and silica had more widespread airway lesions when compared with rats exposed to MSCS only. Silica-exposed rats had more robust pulmonary gene expression and proteomic responses than that seen in IS-exposed rat. Our studies show that the respiratory toxicity of IS is qualitatively similar to or less than that seen following short-term silica exposure. C1 [Dorman, David C.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Mokashi, Vishwesh; Wagner, Dean J.; Olabisi, Ayodele O.] USN, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Med Res Unit, Dayton, OH USA. [Wong, Brian A.; Moss, Owen R.; Thomas, Russell S.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Centeno, Jose A.; Guandalini, Gustavo] Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facil, Joint Pathol Ctr, Div Biophys Toxicol, Washington, MD USA. [Jackson, David A.; Dennis, William E.; Lewis, John A.] USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Chapman, Gail D.] USA, Mil Infect Dis Res Program, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Dorman, DC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM david_dorman@ncsu.edu RI Jackson, David/E-9984-2014; OI Thomas, Russell/0000-0002-2340-0301 FU Office of Naval Research and Global War on Terrorism; USAMRMC; Military Operational Medicine Research Program FX This study was sponsored and funded by the Office of Naval Research and Global War on Terrorism, the USAMRMC and the Military Operational Medicine Research Program. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of Defense or the US Government. Citation of commercial organizations or trade names in this report do not constitute an official Department of the Navy or Department of the Army endorsement or approval of the products or services of these organizations. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 24 IS 2 BP 109 EP 124 DI 10.3109/08958378.2011.647413 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 884YM UT WOS:000299744800004 PM 22283445 ER PT J AU Moran, D Black, J AF Moran, Daniel Black, Jeremy TI The Changing Character of War SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Moran, Daniel] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Black, Jeremy] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Moran, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 1 BP 211 EP 213 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 875VO UT WOS:000299063500008 ER PT J AU Abenheim, D AF Abenheim, Donald TI Rearming Germany SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Abenheim, Donald] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Abenheim, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 76 IS 1 BP 295 EP 296 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 875VO UT WOS:000299063500063 ER PT J AU Qi, H Glembocki, OJ Prokes, SM AF Qi, Hua Glembocki, O. J. Prokes, S. M. TI Plasmonic Properties of Vertically Aligned Nanowire Arrays SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; 0.13 MU-M; NANOSPHERE LITHOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED GROWTH; NANOPARTICLE; FILMS; GOLD; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; PHTHALOCYANINE AB Nanowires (NWs)/Ag sheath composites were produced to investigate plasmonic coupling between vertically aligned NWs for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. In this investigation, two types of vertical NW arrays were studied; those of ZnO NWs grown on nanosphere lithography patterned sapphire substrate via vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism and Si NW arrays produced by wet chemical etching. Both types of vertical NW arrays were coated with a thin layer of silver by electroless silver plating for SERS enhancement studies. The experimental results show extremely strong SERS signals due to plasmonic coupling between the NWs, which was verified by COMSOL electric field simulations. We also compared the SERS enhancement intensity of aligned and random ZnO NWs, indicating that the aligned NWs show much stronger and repeatable SERS signal than those grown in nonaligned geometries. C1 [Qi, Hua; Glembocki, O. J.; Prokes, S. M.] USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qi, H (reprint author), USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qhqihua@yahoo.com FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); American Society for Engineering Education; National Basic Research Program [2011CB933101]; Nanoscience Institute at Naval Research Lab (NRL) FX We are thankful for the support of the Office of Naval Research (ONR), the American Society for Engineering Education program, the National Basic Research Program (2011CB933101) and Nanoscience Institute at Naval Research Lab (NRL). NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 85 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2012 AR 843402 DI 10.1155/2012/843402 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 884SY UT WOS:000299730300001 ER PT J AU Yang, TC AF Yang, T. C. TI Properties of underwater acoustic communication channels in shallow water SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATIONS; VARIABILITY; TURBULENCE; KHZ AB Underwater acoustic channels are band-limited and reverberant, posing many obstacles to reliable, phase-coherent acoustic communications. While many high frequency communication experiments have been conducted in shallow water, few have carried out systematic studies on the channel properties at a time scale relevant for communications. To aid communication system design, this paper analyzes at-sea data collected in shallow water under various conditions to illustrate how the ocean environments (sea surface waves and random ocean medium) can affect the signal properties. Channel properties studied include amplitude and phase variations, and temporal coherence of individual paths as well as the temporal and spatial coherence of multipaths at different time scales. Reasons for the coherence loss are hypothesized. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3664053] C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX The author is indebted to all personnel participating in the TREX04, UNet06, and AUVFest07 experiments to collect valuable data. The UNet06 and AUVFest07 (UNet07) experiments were conducted under the auspices of The Technical Cooperative Program (TTCP) and the Office of Naval Research. The work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Thanks are due to Z. Liu for comments on the manuscript. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1 BP 129 EP 145 DI 10.1121/1.3664053 PN 1 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 876TN UT WOS:000299130700026 PM 22280578 ER PT J AU Waters, ZJ Dzikowicz, BR Simpson, HJ AF Waters, Zachary J. Dzikowicz, Benjamin R. Simpson, Harry J. TI Isolating scattering resonances of an air-filled spherical shell using iterative, single-channel time reversal SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; LAMB WAVE; BACKSCATTERING; PROJECTOR; OBJECTS; ECHOES; THIN AB Iterative, single-channel time reversal is employed to isolate backscattering resonances of an air-filled spherical shell in a frequency range of 0.5-20 kHz. Numerical simulations of free-field target scattering suggest improved isolation of the dominant target response frequency in the presence of varying levels of stochastic noise, compared to processing returns from a single transmission and also coherent averaging. To test the efficacy of the technique in a realistic littoral environment, monostatic scattering experiments are conducted in the Gulf of Mexico near Panama City, Florida. The time reversal technique is applied to returns from a hollow spherical shell target sitting proud on a sandy bottom in 14m deep water. Distinct resonances in the scattering response of the target are isolated, depending upon the bandwidth of the sonar system utilized. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3669971] C1 [Waters, Zachary J.; Dzikowicz, Benjamin R.; Simpson, Harry J.] USN, Phys Acoust Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Waters, ZJ (reprint author), USN, Phys Acoust Branch, Res Lab, Code 7130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM zachary.waters@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank Alain Berdoz and Larry Kraus for support in designing and conducting the littoral experiments and also the reviewers whose comments helped to improve the quality of this article. Z.J.W. would like to acknowledge a number of fruitful conversations with Paul Barbone and Timothy Yoder. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1 BP 318 EP 326 DI 10.1121/1.3669971 PN 1 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 876TN UT WOS:000299130700042 PM 22280594 ER PT J AU Au, WWL Branstetter, B Moore, PW Finneran, JJ AF Au, Whitlow W. L. Branstetter, Brian Moore, Patrick W. Finneran, James J. TI The biosonar field around an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ECHOLOCATION SIGNALS; WHALES; RISSOS; CLICKS AB The use of remote autonomous passive acoustic recorders (PAR) to determine the distribution of dolphins at a given locations has become very popular. Some investigators are using echolocation clicks to gather information on the presence of dolphins and to identify species. However, in all of these cases, the PAR probably recorded mainly off-axis clicks, even some from behind the animals. Yet there is a very poor understanding of the beam pattern and the click waveform and spectrum from different azimuths around the animal's body. The beam pattern completely around an echo locating dolphin was measured at 16 different but equally spaced angles in the horizontal plane using an 8-hydrophone array in sequence. Eight channels of data were digitized simultaneously at a sampling rate of 500 kHz. The resulting beam patterns in both planes showed a continuous drop off in sound pressure with azimuth around the animal and reached levels below -50 dB relative to the signal recorded on the beam axis. The signals began to break up into two components at angles greater than +/- 45 degrees in the horizontal plane. The center frequency dropped off from its maximum at 0 degrees in a non-uniform matter. (C) 2012 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI:10.1121/1.3662077] C1 [Au, Whitlow W. L.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. [Branstetter, Brian; Moore, Patrick W.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Finneran, James J.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Au, WWL (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, POB 1106, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. EM wau@hawaii.edu FU Office of Naval Research [32] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, Code 32, Michael Weise, program manager. We express our appreciation to Megan Tormey, Linda Green and Hitomi Aihara who did the animal training/handling during this experiment. This study was conducted under the approval of the SSC Pacific Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and met the ASA standards for animal studies. This is HIMB contribution #1473. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 23 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1 BP 569 EP 576 DI 10.1121/1.3662077 PN 1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 876TN UT WOS:000299130700066 PM 22280618 ER PT J AU Ridgway, SH Elsberry, WR Blackwood, DJ Kamolnick, T Todd, M Carder, DA Chaplin, M Cranford, TW AF Ridgway, S. H. Elsberry, W. R. Blackwood, D. J. Kamolnick, T. Todd, M. Carder, D. A. Chaplin, Monica Cranford, T. W. TI Vocal reporting of echolocation targets: Dolphins often report before click trains end SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; WHITE WHALES; HEARING; FREQUENCY; WHISTLE; SIGNALS; SOUNDS; TIME AB Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) wore opaque suction cups over their eyes while stationing behind an acoustically opaque door. This put the dolphins in a known position and orientation. When the door opened, the dolphin clicked to detect targets. Trainers specified that Dolphin S emit a whistle if the target was a 7.5 cm water filled sphere, or a pulse burst if the target was a rock. S remained quiet if there was no target. Dolphin B whistled for the sphere. She remained quiet for rock and for no target. Thus, S had to choose between three different responses, whistle, pulse burst, or remain quiet. B had to choose between two different responses, whistle or remain quiet. S gave correct vocal responses averaging 114 ms after her last echolocation click (range 182 ms before and 219 ms after the last click). Average response for B was 21 ms before her last echolocation click (range 250 ms before and 95 ms after the last click in the train). More often than not, B began her whistle response before her echolocation train ended. The findings suggest separate neural pathways for generation of response vocalizations as opposed to echolocation clicks. (C) 2012 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI:10.1121/1.3664074] C1 [Ridgway, S. H.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Elsberry, W. R.; Blackwood, D. J.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Kamolnick, T.; Todd, M.] Anim Training Consultants, San Diego, CA 92107 USA. [Carder, D. A.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Cranford, T. W.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Ridgway, SH (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM sridgway@ucsd.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 131 IS 1 BP 593 EP 598 DI 10.1121/1.3664074 PN 1 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 876TN UT WOS:000299130700069 PM 22280621 ER PT J AU Ukwatta, TN Dhuga, KS Stamatikos, M Dermer, CD Sakamoto, T Sonbas, E Parke, WC Maximon, LC Linnemann, JT Bhat, PN Eskandarian, A Gehrels, N Abeysekara, AU Tollefson, K Norris, JP AF Ukwatta, T. N. Dhuga, K. S. Stamatikos, M. Dermer, C. D. Sakamoto, T. Sonbas, E. Parke, W. C. Maximon, L. C. Linnemann, J. T. Bhat, P. N. Eskandarian, A. Gehrels, N. Abeysekara, A. U. Tollefson, K. Norris, J. P. TI The lag-luminosity relation in the GRB source frame: an investigation with Swift BAT bursts SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: general ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; SPECTRAL LAGS; PEAK LUMINOSITY; RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; HOST GALAXY; ENERGY; PULSES; ENVIRONMENT; CONNECTION; EVOLUTION AB Spectral lag, which is defined as the difference in time of arrival of high- and low-energy photons, is a common feature in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Previous investigations have shown a correlation between this lag and the isotropic peak luminosity for long duration bursts. However, most of the previous investigations used lags extracted in the observer frame only. In this work (based on a sample of 43 Swift long GRBs with known redshifts), we present an analysis of the lagluminosity relation in the GRB source frame. Our analysis indicates a higher degree of correlation -0.82 +/- 0.05 (chance probability of similar to 5.5 x 10(-5)) between the spectral lag and the isotropic peak luminosity, L-iso, with a best-fitting power-law index of -1.2 +/- 0.2, such that L-iso proportional to lag(-1.2). In addition, there is an anticorrelation between the source-frame spectral lag and the source-frame peak energy of the burst spectrum, E-pk(1 + z). C1 [Ukwatta, T. N.; Linnemann, J. T.; Abeysekara, A. U.; Tollefson, K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ukwatta, T. N.; Stamatikos, M.; Sakamoto, T.; Sonbas, E.; Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dhuga, K. S.; Parke, W. C.; Maximon, L. C.; Eskandarian, A.] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Stamatikos, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, CCAPP, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dermer, C. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sakamoto, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sonbas, E.] Univ Adiyaman, Dept Phys, TR-02040 Adiyaman, Turkey. [Sonbas, E.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Bhat, P. N.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Norris, J. P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Phys, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Ukwatta, TN (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM tilan.ukwatta@gmail.com RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 FU NSF [1002432]; Office of Naval Research; Fermi Guest Investigator grants; GRB Temporal Analysis Consortium (GTAC) FX We thank the anonymous referee for comments that significantly improved the paper. The NSF grant 1002432 provided partial support for the work of TNU and is gratefully acknowledged. The work of CDD is supported by the Office of Naval Research and Fermi Guest Investigator grants. We acknowledge that this work has been performed via th eauspices of the GRB Temporal Analysis Consortium (GTAC), which represents a comprehensive effort dedicated towards the systematic study of spectral variation in Gamma-ray Bursts. NR 78 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 419 IS 1 BP 614 EP 623 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19723.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 865HZ UT WOS:000298303300065 ER PT J AU Millson, A LaGrave, D Willis, MJH Rowe, LR Lyon, E South, ST AF Millson, Alison LaGrave, Danielle Willis, Mary J. H. Rowe, Leslie R. Lyon, Elaine South, Sarah T. TI Chromosomal Loss of 3q26.3-3q26.32, Involving a Partial Neuroligin 1 Deletion, Identified by Genomic Microarray in a Child With Microcephaly, Seizure Disorder, and Severe Intellectual Disability SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE array CGH; NLGN1; microdeletion ID COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; INHIBITORY SYNAPSES; 16P13.11 PREDISPOSE; CELL-ADHESION; AUTISM; GENES; MICRODELETIONS; EPILEPSY; 1Q21.1; NLGN4 AB Neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) is one of five members of the neuroligin gene family and may represent a candidate gene for neurological disorders, as members of this family are involved in formation and remodeling of central nervous system synapses. NLGN1 is expressed predominantly in the central nervous system, where it dimerizes and then binds with beta-neurexin to form a functional synapse. Mutations in neurexin 1 (NRXN1) as well as two other members of the neuroligin family, NLGN3 and NLGN4, have been associated with autism and mutations in NLGN4 have also been associated with intellectual disability, seizures, and EEG abnormalities. Genomic microarray is recommended for the detection of chromosomal gains or losses in patients with intellectual disability and multiple congenital anomalies. Results of uncertain significance are not uncommon. Parental studies can provide additional information by demonstrating that the imbalance is either de novo or inherited, and therefore is more or less likely to be causative of the clinical phenotype. However, the possibility that even inherited deletions and duplicationsmayplay a role in the phenotype of the proband cannot be excluded as many copy number variants associated with neurodevelopmental conditions show incomplete penetrance and may be inherited from an unaffected parent. Here, we report on a patient with a 2.2Mbdeletion at 3q26.3-3q26.32-encompassing the terminal end of NLGN1 and the entire NAALADL2 genedetected by genomic microarray, and confirmed by FISH and real-time quantitative PCR. The same size deletion was subsequently found in her healthy, asymptomatic, adult mother. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Millson, Alison; Rowe, Leslie R.; Lyon, Elaine; South, Sarah T.] ARUP Labs, ARUP Inst Clin & Expt Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Willis, Mary J. H.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [South, Sarah T.] Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Lyon, Elaine; South, Sarah T.] Univ Utah, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Millson, A (reprint author), ARUP Labs, ARUP Inst Clin & Expt Pathol, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM millsoas@aruplab.com NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD JAN PY 2012 VL 158A IS 1 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.34349 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 880CJ UT WOS:000299381800022 PM 22106001 ER PT J AU Jaskoski, M AF Jaskoski, Maiah TI Civilian Control of the Armed Forces in Democratic Latin America: Military Prerogatives, Contestation, and Mission Performance in Peru SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE civil-military relations; Latin America; Peru; military missions; military shirking AB This article presents a new framework for measuring civilian control of the armed forces in post-transition Latin America. Specifically, it builds on approaches that focus on military privileges and military protest, particularly in the face of government challenges to those privileges. Adding mission performance as a third dimension both helps us measure civilian control more accurately and provides causal leverage, as the three dimensions can interact. The paper demonstrates the utility of the framework through a close-up analysis of a critical case: civil-military relations in Peru since the 1990s. C1 USN, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jaskoski, M (reprint author), USN, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Postgrad Sch, 1411 Cunningham Rd,GL-396, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM majaskos@nps.edu NR 80 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 70 EP 91 DI 10.1177/0095327X11398449 PG 22 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 859HI UT WOS:000297867100004 ER PT J AU Meylemans, HA Groshens, TJ Harvey, BG AF Meylemans, Heather A. Groshens, Thomas J. Harvey, Benjamin G. TI Synthesis of Renewable Bisphenols from Creosol SO CHEMSUSCHEM LA English DT Article DE aldehydes; biomass; bisphenols; catalysis; sustainable chemistry AB A series of renewable bisphenols has been synthesized from creosol (2-methoxy-4-methylphenol) through stoichiometric condensation with short-chain aldehydes. Creosol can be readily produced from lignin, potentially allowing for the large scale synthesis of bisphenol A replacements from abundant waste biomass. The renewable bisphenols were isolated in good yields and purities without resorting to solvent-intense purification methods. Zinc acetate was shown to be a selective catalyst for the ortho-coupling of formaldehyde, but was unreactive when more sterically demanding aldehydes were used. Dilute HCl and HBr solutions were shown to be effective catalysts for the selective coupling of aldehydes in the position meta to the hydroxyl group. The acid solutions could be recycled and reused multiple times without decrease in activity or yield. C1 [Meylemans, Heather A.; Groshens, Thomas J.; Harvey, Benjamin G.] USN, Naval Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div NAWCWD, Res Dept, Div Chem, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harvey, BG (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Warfare Ctr Weap Div NAWCWD, Res Dept, Div Chem, 1900 N Knox Rd,Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM benjamin.g.harvey@navy.mil RI Meylemans, Heather/G-4511-2012 OI Meylemans, Heather/0000-0001-9141-1478 FU The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [WP-1759] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Michael Wright and Dr. Matt Davis for helpful discussions, Ms. Roxanne Quintana for GC-MS analysis, and The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program for funding this work (Project WP-1759). NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1864-5631 EI 1864-564X J9 CHEMSUSCHEM JI ChemSusChem PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 SI SI BP 206 EP 210 DI 10.1002/cssc.201100402 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 877EI UT WOS:000299159400022 PM 22162446 ER PT J AU Fasoldt, JJ Brumwell, EP Lackey, JN AF Fasoldt, Jerry J. Brumwell, Eric P. Lackey, Jeffrey N. TI Leser-Trelat Sign Presenting in a Patient With Recurrent Pre-B-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID ADENOCARCINOMA; MANIFESTATIONS; LUNG AB The presence of multiple seborrheic keratoses appearing abruptly in association with an underlying malignancy is known as Leser-Trelat sign, a rare paraneoplastic cutaneous syndrome. Although this finding is most commonly associated with solid organ tumors, it also can be a clue for the presence of underlying hematologic malignancies. We present a unique case of Leser-Trelat sign in a 20-year-old man who experienced a relapse of pre-B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) that was previously treated with multiple courses of chemotherapy and external radiation therapy. The patient was admitted for a new cycle of chemotherapy with etoposide and cyclophosphamide and was noted to have an eruption of yellowish brown papules and plaques over his upper body. Biopsy of a representative lesion was consistent with seborrheic keratosis. A large number of rapidly appearing seborrheic keratoses is an uncommon finding in young patients and should be considered clinically suspicious as a potential indicator of Leser-Trelat sign. A thorough history and physical examination should be performed in patients presenting with this sign to rule out possible internal solid organ and hematologic malignancies. Cutis. 2012;89:33-35, C1 [Fasoldt, Jerry J.] Naval Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Brumwell, Eric P.; Lackey, Jeffrey N.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Fasoldt, JJ (reprint author), 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. EM jerry.fasoldt@med.navy.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JAN PY 2012 VL 89 IS 1 BP 33 EP 35 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 880KY UT WOS:000299407200008 PM 22439308 ER PT J AU Larabee, MD AF Larabee, Mark D. TI London, Modernism, and 1914 SO ENGLISH LITERATURE IN TRANSITION 1880-1920 LA English DT Book Review C1 [Larabee, Mark D.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Larabee, MD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENGLISH LITERATURE TRANSITION PI GREENSBORO PA UNIV NORTH CAROLINA DEPT ENGLISH, GREENSBORO, NC 27412-5001 USA SN 0013-8339 J9 ENGL LIT TRANSITION JI Engl. Lit. Transit. PY 2012 VL 55 IS 2 BP 247 EP 252 PG 6 WC Literature, British Isles SC Literature GA 864VD UT WOS:000298267700007 ER PT J AU Huyer, SA Dropkin, A Beal, DN Farnsworth, JAN Amitay, M AF Huyer, Stephen A. Dropkin, Amanda Beal, David N. Farnsworth, John A. N. Amitay, Michael TI Preswirl Maneuvering Propulsor SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Computational fluid dynamics; hydrodynamics; marine propellers; underwater propulsion; unmanned underwater vehicles; vehicle control AB Recent concept studies have demonstrated the potential to utilize a preswirl propulsor configuration with adjustable upstream stator blades to generate propulsor side forces. These studies led to a set of experiments and corresponding computations to validate this concept. Ducted and open preswirl propulsors were configured with an upstream stator row and downstream rotor. During normal operation, the upstream stator blades are all situated at the same pitch angle and preswirl the flow into the propulsor while generating a roll moment to counter the moment produced by the rotor. By varying the pitch angles of the stator blade about the circumference, it is possible to both generate a mean stator side force and subsequently vary the axial velocity and swirl that is ingested into the rotor. The rotor then generates side forces in response to the modified inflow. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to measure the steady, spatially varying stator wake flows for various stator geometric configurations using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. Water tunnel experiments were conducted to measure the forces produced. Experimental data were used to validate computations, which utilized fully viscous 3-D [Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)] computations to predict the stator forces, velocity field, and rotor response. Both methods provided insight into the underlying mechanisms of side force generation. Optimized rotor designs were specifically investigated to isolate the blade forces as well as the induced body forces. In this way, RANS provided high fidelity performance predictions of the final propulsor design. Experimental and computational data demonstrated that total side force coefficients on the order of 0.26 could be generated by the open propulsor. This amount of control authority exceeds current control surface capabilities for Navy 21 '' (0.5334 m) unmanned undersea vehicles and is comparable to novel thrust-vectored designs. C1 [Huyer, Stephen A.; Dropkin, Amanda; Beal, David N.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous & Def Syst, Newport, RI 02874 USA. [Farnsworth, John A. N.; Amitay, Michael] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Huyer, SA (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous & Def Syst, Newport, RI 02874 USA. EM stephen.huyer@navy.mil FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center; U.S. Office of Naval Research University Laboratory Initiative [N0001408WX20425] FX Manuscript received December 09, 2010; revised June 27, 2011; accepted November 03, 2011. Date of publication December 13, 2011; date of current version January 13, 2012. This work was supported by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Internal Research Program (Dr. A. Ruffa, Program Manager) and the U.S. Office of Naval Research University Laboratory Initiative Program under Contract N0001408WX20425 (Dr. S. Hassan and Dr. M. Medeiros, Program Sponsors). NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 37 IS 1 BP 122 EP 138 DI 10.1109/JOE.2011.2175509 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 880QT UT WOS:000299422700012 ER PT J AU Graham, SM Zhang, TT Gao, XS Hayden, M AF Graham, Stephen M. Zhang, Tingting Gao, Xiaosheng Hayden, Matthew TI Development of a combined tension-torsion experiment for calibration of ductile fracture models under conditions of low triaxiality SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Ductile fracture; Experimental technique; Tension; Torsion; Stress triaxiality; Lode parameter ID STRESS-STATE; RUPTURE MECHANISMS; PLASTICITY; FAILURE; STRAIN; INITIATION; CRITERION; PRESSURE; COPPER; SHEAR AB Developments in computational mechanics have given engineers tools to predict the evolution of damage in complex structures. Damage models have been developed that relate failure strain to stress triaxiality and Lode angle. Calibration of these models has traditionally relied on specimens that exhibit high triaxiality and limited Lode angle. This paper presents a specimen that can be tested in combined tension and torsion to achieve low triaxiality over a range of Lode angle. Numerical analysis of the specimen shows that it exhibits uniformity of stress-strain and stable values of triaxiality and Lode angle as plastic strain develops, both of which are desirable characteristics for calibration of ductile failure models. The design of a new displacement and rotation gage is presented that allows non-contact measurement at the gage section. Experimental results are used to develop the failure surface for 5083 aluminum. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Graham, Stephen M.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Zhang, Tingting; Gao, Xiaosheng] Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Hayden, Matthew] USN, Alloy Dev & Mech Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Graham, SM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM smgraham@usna.edu FU Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA); Metals Division of the Survivability, Structures, and Materials Department at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) FX Role of the funding source: this work was funded by the Advanced Combatant Materials Program through the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) and the Metals Division of the Survivability, Structures, and Materials Department at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD). NAVSEA had no direct involvement in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in writing the report, or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7403 J9 INT J MECH SCI JI Int. J. Mech. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 54 IS 1 BP 172 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2011.10.007 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 881AS UT WOS:000299452300016 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Ocampo-Torres, FJ Garcia-Nava, H AF Hwang, Paul A. Ocampo-Torres, Francisco J. Garcia-Nava, Hector TI Wind Sea and Swell Separation of ID Wave Spectrum by a Spectrum Integration Method SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRIUM RANGE; GENERATED WAVES AB In an earlier paper by Wang and Hwang, a wave steepness method was introduced to separate the wind sea and swell of the 1D wave spectrum without relying on external information, such as the wind speed. Later, the method was found to produce the unreasonable result of placing the swell sea separation frequency higher than the wind sea peak frequency. Here, the following two factors causing the erratic performance are identified: (a) the wave steepness method defines the swell sea separation frequency to be equal to the wind sea peak frequency with a wave age equal to one, and, (b) for more mature wave conditions, the peak frequency of the wave steepness function may not continue monotonic downshifting in high winds if the high-frequency portion of the wave spectrum has a spectral slope milder than -5. Conceptually, the swell sea separation frequency should be placed between the swell and wind sea peak frequencies rather than at the wind sea peak frequency. Furthermore the wind sea wave age can vary over a considerable range, thus factor a above can lead to incorrect results. Also, because the slope of the wind sea equilibrium spectrum is typically close to -4, factor b becomes a serious restriction in more mature wave conditions. A spectrum integration method generalized from the wave steepness method is presented here for wind sea and swell separation of the 1D wave spectrum without requiring external information. The new spectrum integration method works very well over a wide range of wind wave development stages in the ocean. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ocampo-Torres, Francisco J.; Garcia-Nava, Hector] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Dept Oceanog Fis, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [JA/7260-11-0114]; Office of Naval Research [61153N]; CONACYT [62520, SEP-2003-C02-44718] FX U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Contribution Number JA/7260-11-0114.; This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (NRL Program Element 61153N) and CONACYT (Project 62520, DirocIOA). The IntOA field experiment was supported by CONACYT (SEP-2003-C02-44718). The deep-ocean field data are provided online by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Weather Service/National Data Buoy Center (http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/hmd.shtml). We are grateful for the constructive comments from three anonymous reviewers. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 29 IS 1 BP 116 EP 128 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00075.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881PA UT WOS:000299497400009 ER PT J AU Willer, RL Storey, RF Frisch, M Deschamps, JR AF Willer, Rodney L. Storey, Robson F. Frisch, Mark Deschamps, Jeffery R. TI Crystal structures of the "two" 4-aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acids SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The crystal structures of the two compounds reported to be 4-aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acid have been determined. The compound reported by Sheremetev et al. (J Heterocycl Chem 2005, 42, 519) is the actual 4-aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acid. The compound reported by Meyer (Org Prep Proced Int 2004, 36, 361) is the interesting complex formed from a molecule of the acid and a molecule of the potassium salt of the acid. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012). C1 [Willer, Rodney L.; Storey, Robson F.] Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Frisch, Mark; Deschamps, Jeffery R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willer, RL (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM rodney.willer@usm.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014081006 (USM), N00014-10-AF-0-0002 (NRL)] FX This work was funded by grants N00014081006 (USM) and N00014-10-AF-0-0002 (NRL) from the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Clifford Bedford). The assistance of Mr. Matthew Jackson with the DSC experiments is gratefully acknowledged. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.1002/jhet.821 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 878JR UT WOS:000299253500032 ER PT J AU Calhoun, RL Bard, AJ AF Calhoun, R. L. Bard, A. J. TI Study of the Catalytic Following Reaction by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER KINETICS; WATER OXIDATION; POLYNUCLEOTIDE BINDING; METAL-COMPLEXES; FEEDBACK MODE; DNA; 2,2-BIPYRIDINE; VOLTAMMETRY; RUTHENIUM; CYSTEINE AB Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) experiments were undertaken to study the EC' mechanism, e. g. where a product of the electrode reaction reacts to regenerate the starting material. Digital simulations of the two dimensional SECM were carried out and the results tested with the known EC' system of Fe(CN)(6)(4-)/cysteine for validation. The results were then used in SECM experiments with Ru(phen)(2)dppz(2+), a known DNA intercalator, to study the instability of the oxidized form in the absence and presence of DNA. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.056203jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Calhoun, R. L.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Bard, A. J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Calhoun, RL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM calhoun@usna.edu FU National Science Foundation; United States Naval Academy FX Financial support was from the National Science Foundation and United States Naval Academy. Special thanks, to Dr. Bill Durham, University of Arkansas, for his advice on ruthenium complex synthesis. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 3 BP F42 EP F47 DI 10.1149/2.056203jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 878YA UT WOS:000299292100055 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JD Stahlbush, RE Mahadik, NA AF Caldwell, J. D. Stahlbush, R. E. Mahadik, N. A. TI Mitigating Defects within Silicon Carbide Epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GROWN STACKING-FAULTS; 4H-SIC SCHOTTKY DIODES; BEAM-INDUCED CURRENT; I-N-DIODES; PIN DIODES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; DISLOCATIONS; DEGRADATION; EPILAYERS; DEVICES AB Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in reducing the density of several extended and point defects within silicon carbide substrates and epitaxy. For instance, great success has been achieved in the elimination of micropipes and reductions in the lifetime killing point defect Z(1/2). However, a wide-array of extended defects persist, ranging from various types of stacking faults and threading dislocations. An overview of the current status of these efforts is outlined here. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.069203jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Caldwell, J. D.; Stahlbush, R. E.; Mahadik, N. A.] USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caldwell, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joshua.caldwell@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 3 BP R46 EP R51 DI 10.1149/2.069203jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 878YA UT WOS:000299292100102 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N Varnai, C Solt, I Winfield, SA Payne, MC Simon, I Fuxreiter, M Csanyi, G AF Bernstein, Noam Varnai, Csilla Solt, Ivan Winfield, Steven A. Payne, Mike C. Simon, Istvan Fuxreiter, Monika Csanyi, Gabor TI QM/MM simulation of liquid water with an adaptive quantum region SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; AB-INITIO; SYSTEMS; STABILIZATION; CLUSTERS; MODELS; STATE AB The simulation of complex chemical systems often requires a multi-level description, in which a region of special interest is treated using a computationally expensive quantum mechanical (QM) model while its environment is described by a faster, simpler molecular mechanical (MM) model. Furthermore, studying dynamic effects in solvated systems or bio-molecules requires a variable definition of the two regions, so that atoms or molecules can be dynamically re-assigned between the QM and MM descriptions during the course of the simulation. Such reassignments pose a problem for traditional QM/MM schemes by exacerbating the errors that stem from switching the model at the boundary. Here we show that stable, long adaptive simulations can be carried out using density functional theory with the BLYP exchange-correlation functional for the QM model and a flexible TIP3P force field for the MM model without requiring adjustments of either. Using a primary benchmark system of pure water, we investigate the convergence of the liquid structure with the size of the QM region, and demonstrate that by using a sufficiently large QM region (with radius 6 angstrom) it is possible to obtain radial and angular distributions that, in the QM region, match the results of fully quantum mechanical calculations with periodic boundary conditions, and, after a smooth transition, also agree with fully MM calculations in the MM region. The key ingredient is the accurate evaluation of forces in the QM subsystem which we achieve by including an extended buffer region in the QM calculations. We also show that our buffered-force QM/MM scheme is transferable by simulating the solvated Cl(-) ion. C1 [Bernstein, Noam] USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Varnai, Csilla; Csanyi, Gabor] Univ Cambridge, Energy Lab, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Solt, Ivan; Simon, Istvan; Fuxreiter, Monika] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Enzymol, Biol Res Ctr, Budapest, Hungary. [Winfield, Steven A.; Payne, Mike C.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Bernstein, N (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM noam.bernstein@nrl.navy.mil RI Simon, Istvan/A-2868-2008 FU Office of Naval Research [N000141010826, N0001411WX21094]; European Union [229205] FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the following organisations: Office of Naval Research, Awards N000141010826, N0001411WX21094; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 229205. Computer time was provided by the United States Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program Office at the Maui High Performance Computing Center. NR 43 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 2 BP 646 EP 656 DI 10.1039/c1cp22600b PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 868UY UT WOS:000298552800027 PM 22089416 ER PT J AU Weissmann, M Langland, RH Cardinali, C Pauley, PM Rahm, S AF Weissmann, M. Langland, R. H. Cardinali, C. Pauley, P. M. Rahm, S. TI Influence of airborne Doppler wind lidar profiles near Typhoon Sinlaku on ECMWF and NOGAPS forecasts SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE DWL; observation impact; data assimilation; THORPEX; T-PARC ID OBSERVATION IMPACT; ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION; SYSTEM AB A set of about 2500 Doppler wind lidar (DWL) profiles was measured by the DLR Falcon aircraft during the life cycle of Typhoon Sinlaku in the western North Pacific as part of the THORPEX Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) 2008. These DWL profiles were assimilated in the global models of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The beneficial impact of DWL observations is demonstrated with data denial experiments of both models and differences of the observation impact on analyses and forecasts are analysed. Additionally, the impact is quantified using the adjoint observation impact calculation. These calculations confirm the beneficial impact of DWL observations. The total relative contribution of DWL observations is about twice as high in the NRL system compared to the ECMWF system, which may be due to the lower number of satellite observations assimilated in the NRL system. In the NRL system, the DWL impact per observation is higher than that of other wind observations, whereas in the ECMWF system the DWL impact per observations is similar to other aircraft observations and lower than that of radiosondes. The results confirm preceding studies assimilating airborne DWL observations in numerical weather prediction models and underline the high expectations for future space-borne DWL instruments. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Weissmann, M.; Rahm, S.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Langland, R. H.; Pauley, P. M.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Cardinali, C.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Weissmann, M (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM martin.weissmann@lmu.de RI Weissmann, Martin/C-9084-2013 FU international consortium; United States (National Science Foundation); Germany (DLR, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe); Japan (JMA); Korea (National Institute of Meteorological Research); Canada (Environment Canada); US Navy for aircraft operations; Naval Research Laboratory [0602435N, BE-435-046] FX The DWL observations were collected as part of the Falcon operations during T-PARC, which were sponsored by an international consortium from the United States (National Science Foundation), Germany (DLR, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe), Japan (JMA), Korea (National Institute of Meteorological Research) and Canada (Environment Canada). The role of the National Center for Atmospheric Research's Earth Observing Laboratory (NCAR EOL) for campaign and data management and the support from the US Navy for aircraft operations are acknowledged. The authors are thankful to all people who contributed to the successful realization of T-PARC and all operators of the DWL instrument. Furthermore, the support by Florian Harnisch, Anne Fouilloux and David Tan for ECMWF experiments is highly appreciated.; During most of the study, Martin Weissmann was part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) research unit PANDOWAE - Predictability and Dynamics of Weather Systems in the Atlantic-European Sector (www.pandowae.de). Since March 2011, Martin Weissmann has been part of the Hans-Ertel-Zentrum fur Wetterforschung (http://www.dwd.de/forschung), funded by Deutscher Wetterdienst. The work of Rolf H. Langland and Patricia M. Pauley was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory through program element 0602435N, project number BE-435-046. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 138 IS 662 BP 118 EP 130 DI 10.1002/qj.896 PN A PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 879ZH UT WOS:000299372800009 ER PT J AU Woods, TN Eparvier, FG Hock, R Jones, AR Woodraska, D Judge, D Didkovsky, L Lean, J Mariska, J Warren, H McMullin, D Chamberlin, P Berthiaume, G Bailey, S Fuller-Rowell, T Sojka, J Tobiska, WK Viereck, R AF Woods, T. N. Eparvier, F. G. Hock, R. Jones, A. R. Woodraska, D. Judge, D. Didkovsky, L. Lean, J. Mariska, J. Warren, H. McMullin, D. Chamberlin, P. Berthiaume, G. Bailey, S. Fuller-Rowell, T. Sojka, J. Tobiska, W. K. Viereck, R. TI Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): Overview of Science Objectives, Instrument Design, Data Products, and Model Developments SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE EVE; SDO; Solar EUV irradiance; Space weather research ID EUV IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY; OPEN MAGNETIC-FLUX; SPACE WEATHER; FAR-SIDE; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; EXPERIMENT SEE; SUN; WAVELENGTHS; OPERATIONS AB The highly variable solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation is the major energy input to the Earth's upper atmosphere, strongly impacting the geospace environment, affecting satellite operations, communications, and navigation. The Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) onboard the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) will measure the solar EUV irradiance from 0.1 to 105 nm with unprecedented spectral resolution (0.1 nm), temporal cadence (ten seconds), and accuracy (20%). EVE includes several irradiance instruments: The Multiple EUV Grating Spectrographs (MEGS)-A is a grazing-incidence spectrograph that measures the solar EUV irradiance in the 5 to 37 nm range with 0.1-nm resolution, and the MEGS-B is a normal-incidence, dual-pass spectrograph that measures the solar EUV irradiance in the 35 to 105 nm range with 0.1-nm resolution. To provide MEGS in-flight calibration, the EUV SpectroPhotometer (ESP) measures the solar EUV irradiance in broadbands between 0.1 and 39 nm, and a MEGS-Photometer measures the Sun's bright hydrogen emission at 121.6 nm. The EVE data products include a near real-time space-weather product (Level 0C), which provides the solar EUV irradiance in specific bands and also spectra in 0.1-nm intervals with a cadence of one minute and with a time delay of less than 15 minutes. The EVE higher-level products are Level 2 with the solar EUV irradiance at higher time cadence (0.25 seconds for photometers and ten seconds for spectrographs) and Level 3 with averages of the solar irradiance over a day and over each one-hour period. The EVE team also plans to advance existing models of solar EUV irradiance and to operationally use the EVE measurements in models of Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere. Improved understanding of the evolution of solar flares and extending the various models to incorporate solar flare events are high priorities for the EVE team. C1 [Woods, T. N.; Eparvier, F. G.; Hock, R.; Jones, A. R.; Woodraska, D.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Judge, D.; Didkovsky, L.] Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lean, J.; Mariska, J.; Warren, H.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McMullin, D.] Space Syst Res Corp, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Chamberlin, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Berthiaume, G.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Bailey, S.] Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, T.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, T.; Viereck, R.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sojka, J.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Tobiska, W. K.] Space Environm Technol, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. RP Woods, TN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM tom.woods@lasp.colorado.edu RI Chamberlin, Phillip/C-9531-2012; OI Chamberlin, Phillip/0000-0003-4372-7405; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 FU NASA [NAS5-02140] FX This research is supported by NASA contract NAS5-02140 to the University of Colorado. The authors gratefully acknowledge the many people who have contributed to the success of this new instrument throughout concept, design, fabrication, and testing. Special thanks to Vanessa George for her support in preparing this manuscript. NR 67 TC 150 Z9 150 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 275 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9487-6 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 878YT UT WOS:000299294600007 ER PT J AU Hui, SK Fairchild, GR Kidder, LS Sharma, M Bhattacharya, M Jackson, S Le, C Yee, D AF Hui, Susanta K. Fairchild, Gregory R. Kidder, Louis S. Sharma, Manju Bhattacharya, Maryka Jackson, Scott Le, Chap Yee, Douglas TI Skeletal Remodeling Following Clinically Relevant Radiation-Induced Bone Damage Treated with Zoledronic Acid SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Bisphosphonate; Bone turnover marker; Bone turnover; Remodeling; Animal model; Clinical radiation ID PELVIC FRACTURES; PROSTATE-CANCER; TURNOVER; WOMEN; RISK; METASTASES; RESORPTION; STRENGTH; TRACER; CA-41 AB Our aim was to determine if zoledronic acid (ZA) changes Ca-45 pharmacokinetics and bone microstructure in irradiated, ovary-intact (I) and irradiated, ovariectomized mice (OVX), two groups with different patterns of skeletal damage. The hind limbs of I and OVX BALB/c mice received a single 16-Gy radiation dose, simulating pre- and postmenopausal female cancer patients undergoing radiation treatment. All I and OVX mice were radiolabeled with 15 mu Ci Ca-45. Mice were treated with or without a 0.5 mg/kg injection of ZA. The time course of bone mineral remodeling was evaluated using a fecal Ca-45 assay, measured by liquid scintillation. A group of nonirradiated, intact mice were used for the longitudinal evaluation of Ca-45 biodistribution. Distal femur bone histomorphometric parameters were measured using microCT at 50 days post-ZA intervention. Most Ca-45 was incorporated into the skeleton and eliminated from the soft tissues within 3-5 days postirradiation, attaining a steady state of excretion at 25-30 days. ZA intervention in both groups resulted in a rapid decrease in fecal Ca-45 excretion. There was a significant difference in Ca-45 excretion in the OVX +/- A ZA (P = 0.005) group but not in the I +/- A ZA (P = 0.655) group. The rate of excretion of fecal Ca-45 was slower in the OVX + ZA compared to the I + ZA group (P = 0.064). Ca-45 assay is useful to monitor the time course of bone mineral remodeling after an antiresorptive intervention in irradiated mice, providing a basis to investigate bone effects of cancer therapy protocols. For equivalent doses of ZA, recovery may depend on the nature and degree of skeletal damage. C1 [Hui, Susanta K.; Fairchild, Gregory R.; Kidder, Louis S.; Sharma, Manju] Univ Minnesota, Dept Therapeut Radiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Fairchild, Gregory R.] USN, Med Serv Corps, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Bhattacharya, Maryka] Georgia Hlth Sci Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Dept Med, Augusta, GA USA. [Bhattacharya, Maryka] Georgia Hlth Sci Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Augusta, GA USA. [Jackson, Scott] Univ Minnesota, Biostat & Bioinformat Shared Resource Mason Canc, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Le, Chap] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Yee, Douglas] Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Masonic Canc Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Hui, SK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Therapeut Radiol, 420 Delaware St SE,Mayo Mail Code 494, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM huixx019@umn.edu RI Sharma, Manju/C-4984-2013 FU National Institutes of Health [1R03AR055333-01A1, 1K12-HD055887-01]; PHS Cancer Center [P30 CA77398]; University of Minnesota FX This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grants 1R03AR055333-01A1 and 1K12-HD055887-01), by PHS Cancer Center Support grant P30 CA77398, and by the Joseph E. Wargo Cancer Research Fund from the University of Minnesota. S. K. H. is a scholar of the Building Interdisciplinary Careers in Women's Health program. The authors thank Dr. Seymour Levitt for fruitful discussion of the manuscript. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0171-967X EI 1432-0827 J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 90 IS 1 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s00223-011-9547-4 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 875ZI UT WOS:000299075100005 PM 22083107 ER PT J AU Barhen, J Humble, T Mitra, P Imam, N Schleck, B Kotas, C Traweek, M AF Barhen, J. Humble, T. Mitra, P. Imam, N. Schleck, B. Kotas, C. Traweek, M. TI Concurrent FFT computing on multicore processors SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Frontiers of GPU, Multi-and Many-Core Systems/10th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid) CY MAY 17-20, 2010 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA DE multicore processors; FFT; HyperX; IBM cell; transverse vectorization AB The emergence of streaming multicore processors with multi-SIMD (single-instruction multiple-data) architectures and ultra-low power operation combined with real-time compute and I/O reconfigurability opens unprecedented opportunities for executing sophisticated signal processing algorithms faster and within a much lower energy budget. Here, we present an unconventional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) implementation scheme for the IBM Cell, named transverse vectorization. It is shown to outperform (both in terms of timing and GFLOP throughput) the fastest FFT results reported to date for the Cell in the open literature. We also provide the first results for multi-FFT implementation and application on the novel, ultra-low power Coherent Logix HyperX processor. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Barhen, J.; Humble, T.; Mitra, P.; Imam, N.; Kotas, C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, CESAR, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mitra, P.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Schleck, B.] Coherent Logix Inc, Austin, TX 78746 USA. [Traweek, M.] Off Naval Res, Maritime Sensing Branch, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Barhen, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, CESAR, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barhenj@ornl.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-0626 EI 1532-0634 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 24 IS 1 SI SI BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1002/cpe.1746 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 869GA UT WOS:000298584200004 ER PT J AU Sharman, RD Doyle, JD Shapiro, MA AF Sharman, R. D. Doyle, J. D. Shapiro, M. A. TI An Investigation of a Commercial Aircraft Encounter with Severe Clear-Air Turbulence over Western Greenland SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; WAVE DRAG PARAMETRIZATION; MOUNTAIN WAVES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; GRAVITY-WAVES; TYRANNOSAURUS-REX; STRATOSPHERE; TOPOGRAPHY; GENERATION; DYNAMICS AB This study presents digital flight data recorder (DFDR) analyses and high-resolution numerical simulations relevant to a severe clear-air turbulence (CAT) encounter over western Greenland by a Boeing 777 aircraft at 10-km elevation at 1305 UTC 25 May 2010. The environmental flow was dominated by an extratropical cyclone to the southeast of the Greenland tip, resulting in easterly flow at all levels. The results of the analyses indicate that the CAT encounter was related to mountain-wave breaking on the western lee (downslope) of the Greenland plateau. The simulations were not of especially high resolution (5-km horizontal grid spacing) by today's standards, yet the simulation results do produce large-amplitude lee waves and overturning in good agreement with the encounter location as indicated by the DFDR. The success of this and other simulations in reproducing mountain-wave turbulence (MWT) events suggests that operational implementation of high. resolution nonhydrostatic simulation models, possibly an ensemble of models, over MWT-prone areas could produce more reliable forecasts of MWT than are currently available using gravity-wave-drag or MWT-postprocessing algorithms derived from global weather prediction models of relatively coarse scale. C1 [Sharman, R. D.; Shapiro, M. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Doyle, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Shapiro, M. A.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. RP Sharman, RD (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM sharman@ucar.edu FU National Science Foundation; NOAA [S4670001]; Office of Naval Research [0601153N] FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; The results of the research presented here were funded in part through NOAA Contract S4670001. JDD acknowledges support through the Office of Naval Research's Program Element 0601153N. COAMPS is a registered trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory. Figure 2 was obtained from the NERC Satellite Receiving Station, Dundee University, Scotland (http://www.sat.dundee.ac.uk/). We thank Rod Frehlich for constructing Figs. 3 and 5 and Teddie Keller for constructing Fig. 4. We also thank the anonymous reviewers, whose comments on an earlier version of this paper helped to improve the presentation. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 51 IS 1 BP 42 EP 53 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-044.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 880HE UT WOS:000299395100004 ER PT J AU Wang, CG Wilson, D Haack, T Clark, P Lean, H Marshall, R AF Wang, Changgui Wilson, Damian Haack, Tracy Clark, Peter Lean, Humphrey Marshall, Robert TI Effects of Initial and Boundary Conditions of Mesoscale Models on Simulated Atmospheric Refractivity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSIAN-GULF; LAYER; SCHEME; PROPAGATION; CALIFORNIA AB Radar ducting is caused by sharp vertical changes in temperature and, especially, water vapor at the top of the atmospheric boundary layer, both of which are sensitive to variations in the underlying surface conditions, local mesoscale weather, and synoptic weather patterns. High-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) models offer an alternative to observation to determine boundary layer (BL) structure and to assess the spatial variability of radar ducts. The benefit of using NWP models for simulating ducting conditions very much depends on the initial state of sea surface temperature (SST) and the model spinup time, both of which have a great impact on BL structure. This study investigates the effects of variation of NWP-model initial conditions and simulation length on the accuracy of simulating the atmosphere's refractive index over the Wallops Island, Virginia, region, which has pronounced SST variability and complex BL structure. The Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) with horizontal resolution of 4 km (4-km model) was used to simulate the atmospheric environment when observations were made during the Wallops-2000 experiment. Sensitivity tests were conducted in terms of the variability of SST and model spinup time. The evaluation of the model results was focused on low-level moisture, temperature, and surface ducting characteristics including the frequency, strength, and the height of the ducting layer. When provided with more accurate SST and adequate simulation length, the MetUM 4-km model demonstrated an improved ability to predict the observed ducting. C1 [Wang, Changgui; Lean, Humphrey] Met Off, JCMM, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Haack, Tracy] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Clark, Peter] Univ Surrey, Fac Engn & Phys Sci, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. [Marshall, Robert] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Wang, CG (reprint author), Met Off, JCMM, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM chang.wang@metoffice.gov.uk FU UK Ministry of Defence; U.S. Office of Naval Research [0602271N] FX We are grateful to anonymous reviewers whose suggestions helped to shape up the manuscript. Financial support for this work was provided by the UK Ministry of Defence. The Wallops-2000 experiment data were provided through the ABCANZ model intercomparison collaboration supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, Program Element 0602271N. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 51 IS 1 BP 115 EP 132 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-012.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 880HE UT WOS:000299395100009 ER PT J AU Ferrara, JM Adam, OR Kirwin, SM Houghton, DJ Shepherd, C Vinette, KMB Litvan, I AF Ferrara, Joseph M. Adam, Octavian R. Kirwin, Susan M. Houghton, David J. Shepherd, Casey Vinette, Kathy M. B. Litvan, Irene TI Brain-Lung-Thyroid Disease: Clinical Features of a Kindred With a Novel Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 Mutation SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE chorea; thyroid transcription factor gene (TITF-1); brain-lung-thyroid disease ID BENIGN HEREDITARY CHOREA; FACTOR-I; HYPOTHYROIDISM; NKX2.1; TITF-1; TRANSMISSION; DELETION; FAMILY; GENES AB Brain-lung-thyroid disease is a rare familial disorder caused by mutations in thyroid transcription factor 1, a gene that regulates neuronal migration. We report the clinical features of ten patients from a single family with a novel gene mutation, including observations regarding treatment. Neurologic features of the kindred included developmental delay, learning difficulties, psychosis, chorea, and dystonia. Three patients had a history of seizure, which has not been previously reported in genetically confirmed cases. Low-dose dopamine-receptor blocking drugs were poorly tolerated in 2 patients who received this therapy, levodopa improved chorea in 3 of 4 children, and diazepam was markedly effective in a single adult patient. Chorea related to brain-lung-thyroid disease appears to respond paradoxically to antidopaminergic drugs. The unusual therapeutic response seen in our patients and others may help elucidate how disease-related migratory deficits affect neural pathways associated with motor control. C1 [Ferrara, Joseph M.; Houghton, David J.; Shepherd, Casey; Litvan, Irene] Univ Louisville, Dept Neurol, Div Movement Disorders, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Adam, Octavian R.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Neurol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Kirwin, Susan M.; Vinette, Kathy M. B.] Alfred I duPont Hosp Children, Mol Diagnost Lab, Wilmington, DC USA. RP Ferrara, JM (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Neurol, Div Movement Disorders, 401 E Chestnut St, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. EM ferrara.jay@gmail.com OI Kirwin, Susan/0000-0003-2008-4654; Litvan, Irene/0000-0002-3485-3445 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 27 IS 1 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1177/0883073811413584 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 873LP UT WOS:000298885100010 PM 21813802 ER PT J AU Letada, PR Landers, JT Uebelhoer, NS Shumaker, PR AF Letada, Philip R. Landers, John T. Uebelhoer, Nathan S. Shumaker, Peter R. TI Treatment of Focal Axillary Hyperhidrosis Using a Long-Pulsed Nd:YAG 1064 nm Laser at Hair Reduction Settings SO JOURNAL OF DRUGS IN DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ND-YAG LASER; BOTULINUM TOXIN; REMOVAL; OSMIDROSIS; EFFICACY; GLANDS; SKIN AB Background and Objective: Axillary hyperhidrosis is a rather common idiopathic disorder of the eccrine sweat glands, which can interfere with daily activities and cause significant social distress. The effects of 1064 nm laser hair reduction on sweat production in a pilot I study in patients with focal axillary hyperhidrosis are described. Study Design/Materials and Methods: In a prospective, case-controlled, randomized pilot study, one axilla from six different subjects with axillary hyperhidrosis was treated with monthly laser hair reduction sessions using the 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser at typical settings. The contralateral axilla acted as a control. Subjects were asked to subjectively classify improvement of axillary sweating using a Global Assessment Questionnaire (GAQ) weekly after each treatment. Qualitative evaluation of sweating was also performed using a modified starch iodine test monthly after each treatment. In addition, prior to the first treatment and at one month following the final treatment, a punch biopsy was performed on the treatment axilla to assess for histologic changes to the eccrine gland and surrounding structures. Results: Statistically significant improvements in subjective ratings of sweating using the GAQ compared to baseline were observed. Objective improvements in sweating with modified starch iodine testing comparing treated versus non-treated axillae were also seen for at least nine months in selected subjects. No significant differences in pre- and post-treatment biopsies were noted on routine histology. Conclusions: Laser hair reduction using the 1064 nm Nd:YAG at laser hair removal settings provides subjective and objective improvements in patients with focal axillary hyperhidrosis. C1 [Letada, Philip R.; Landers, John T.; Uebelhoer, Nathan S.; Shumaker, Peter R.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Shumaker, PR (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM peter.shumaker@med.navy.mil FU Candela, Inc., Wayland MA FX Dr. Letada received a travel grant from Candela, Inc., Wayland MA to present this data at The American Society of Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Annual Meeting in Phoenix, AZ, April 15-18, 2010. He has no other conflicts of interest to report. The rest of the authors have no relevant conflicts of interest to disclose. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOURNAL OF DRUGS IN DERMATOLOGY PI NEW YORK PA 377 PARK AVE SOUTH, 6TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1545-9616 J9 J DRUGS DERMATOL JI J. Drugs Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 875VE UT WOS:000299062500008 PM 22206078 ER PT J AU Letada, PR Hitchcock, E Steele, SL Winstanley, D AF Letada, Philip R. Hitchcock, Erin Steele, Samuel L. Winstanley, Douglas TI Transient Improvement in Chronic Psoriasis After Treatment of TNF-alpha Blocker Induced Disseminated M. Tuberculosis Infection SO JOURNAL OF DRUGS IN DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; RIFAMPIN AB Improvement in psoriasis after treatment of reactivated latent tuberculosis following initiation of TNF-alpha inhibitor therapy has yet to be described in the literature. The authors present a case of transient, yet significant, improvement in chronic plaque psoriasis after antibiotic therapy for reactivated TB. C1 [Letada, Philip R.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Letada, PR (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM philip.letada@med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL OF DRUGS IN DERMATOLOGY PI NEW YORK PA 377 PARK AVE SOUTH, 6TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1545-9616 J9 J DRUGS DERMATOL JI J. Drugs Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 119 EP 120 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 875VE UT WOS:000299062500019 PM 22206087 ER PT J AU Rop, R Dudley, A Lopez-Mariscal, C Forbes, A AF Rop, Ronald Dudley, Angela Lopez-Mariscal, Carlos Forbes, Andrew TI Measuring the rotation rates of superpositions of higher-order Bessel beams SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE diffraction; holography; grating; rotation; interference; modulation ID COMPUTER-GENERATED HOLOGRAMS; ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; DIFFRACTION-FREE BEAMS; SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS; SPIRAL-TYPE BEAMS; NONDIFFRACTING BEAMS; ZERO-ORDER; OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION; LASER-BEAMS; AXICON AB Experimental measurements are reported of the rotation rates of superpositions of higher-order Bessel beams. Digitally generated phase masks of two annular rings, were imprinted on a spatial light modulator and used to obtain superpositions of higher-order Bessel beams of the same order but of opposite topological charge. Such a superposition field carries on average zero orbital angular momentum, yet exhibits a rotation in the intensity pattern: the resultant field rotates at a constant rate about the optical axis as it propagates. The rotation rates of the generated fields were measured for different orders and for various values of the difference between the wave-vectors of the superimposing beams, and are shown to be in good agreement with that predicted theoretically. C1 [Dudley, Angela; Forbes, Andrew] CSIR, Natl Laser Ctr, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Rop, Ronald] Moi Univ, Dept Phys, Eldoret 30100, Kenya. [Dudley, Angela; Forbes, Andrew] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Phys, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. [Lopez-Mariscal, Carlos] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Forbes, A (reprint author), CSIR, Natl Laser Ctr, POB 395, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. EM aforbes1@csir.co.za OI Forbes, Andrew/0000-0003-2552-5586 FU African Laser Centre [LHEAB01] FX We gratefully acknowledge the funding support by the African Laser Centre (Grant LHEAB01) and discussions held with Dr George Amolo and Dr Nicholas Makau of the Department of Physics, Moi University, Kenya. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2012 VL 59 IS 3 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.631714 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 877BT UT WOS:000299152200011 ER PT J AU Millendez, MB Crane, NJ Elster, EA Safford, SD AF Millendez, Maridelle B. Crane, Nicole J. Elster, Eric A. Safford, Shawn D. TI Evaluation of intestinal viability using 3-charge coupled device image enhancement technology in a pediatric laparoscopic appendectomy model SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Pediatric-Surgical-Association CY MAY 22-25, 2011 CL Palm Desert, CA SP Amer Pediat Surg Assoc DE 3-CCD; Intestinal viability; Laparoscopy; Bowel ischemia ID TISSUE OXYGENATION; ISCHEMIC-INJURY; OXIMETRY; DOPPLER AB Background: Intraoperative laparoscopic determination of intestinal viability is currently limited to subjective visible cues. Adjunctive modalities are neither widely available nor practical. Three-charge coupled device (3-CCD) imaging directly correlates the amount of light detected by CCDs to tissue oxygenation. We hypothesize that application of 3-CCD image enhancement detects bowel ischemia in a pediatric laparoscopic appendectomy model. Methods: We recorded 10 laparoscopic appendectomies for appendicitis. Offline analysis involved selecting regions of interest (ROIs) in the appendix, adjacent colon, and nonappendiceal fat and calculating mean intensity values in selected images before and after division of the mesoappendix. The colon was used as a control, and the intensity values were normalized to fat. Results: As an indicator of decreased perfusion, the mean appendix ROI intensity values decreased over time (R(2) = 0.92) compared with the colon mean ROI intensity values, which remained stable. There was a statistically significant difference between fat-normalized intensity values for ischemic and nonischemic appendix after 1 minute. Conclusion: We have demonstrated proof of principle for the determination of bowel ischemia using 3-CCD image enhancement. By quantitatively identifying areas of ischemia, this technique has the potential to significantly change the management of ischemic bowel in the future. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Millendez, Maridelle B.; Elster, Eric A.; Safford, Shawn D.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Millendez, Maridelle B.; Crane, Nicole J.; Elster, Eric A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Elster, Eric A.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Safford, SD (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM pedssurgeon@gmail.com NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 47 IS 1 BP 142 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.10.033 PG 6 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 879SB UT WOS:000299351400030 PM 22244407 ER PT J AU Cleveland, ER Henn-Lecordier, L Rubloff, GW AF Cleveland, Erin R. Henn-Lecordier, Laurent Rubloff, Gary W. TI Role of surface intermediates in enhanced, uniform growth rates of TiO2 atomic layer deposition thin films using titanium tetraisopropoxide and ozone SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID REACTION MECHANISMS; DIOXIDE; OXIDE; ISOPROPOXIDE; PRECURSOR; WATER; DIELECTRICS; PRESSURE; BEHAVIOR; EPITAXY AB Atomic layer deposition (ALD) growth of TiO2 thin films from titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and ozone has been studied as a function of dose and purge recipes. A novel dosing scheme was designed to introduce the TTIP precursor into the reaction chamber in multiple "mu pulses" with or without delay times for desorption of surface product species, analogous to conventional ALD purge cycles. Larger doses led to significantly higher growth rates while maintaining excellent uniformity across 100 mm wafers, effects which underscore the importance of surface residence times in rather complex surface reaction pathways. The production of H2O/OH surface species during the TTIP half-cycle is intrinsic to the reaction, leading to secondary reaction mechanisms and believed responsible for the enhanced growth rates and accompanying high uniformity. (C) 2012 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3669522] C1 [Cleveland, Erin R.; Henn-Lecordier, Laurent; Rubloff, Gary W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cleveland, Erin R.; Henn-Lecordier, Laurent; Rubloff, Gary W.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rubloff, Gary W.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cleveland, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM erin.cleveland.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; rubloff@umd.edu RI Rubloff, Gary/D-4142-2009 OI Rubloff, Gary/0000-0002-1901-3982 FU Laboratory for Physical Sciences; UMD-NSF-MRSEC [DMR 05-20471] FX This work has been partially supported by the Laboratory for Physical Sciences and by the UMD-NSF-MRSEC under Grant No. DMR 05-20471. The authors would like to thank Raymond A. Adomaitis for his valuable discussions, the NanoCenter and the NISP Lab at the University of Maryland for materials processing and characterization, and MKS Instruments and Inficon Inc., for continued support of research activities in the lab. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 45 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 1 AR 01A150 DI 10.1116/1.3669522 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 874XY UT WOS:000298992800050 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Dunkerton, TJ Montgomery, MT AF Wang, Zhuo Dunkerton, Timothy J. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Application of the Marsupial Paradigm to Tropical Cyclone Formation from Northwestward-Propagating Disturbances SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WAVE CRITICAL LAYER; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; MERIDIONAL WIND OSCILLATIONS; SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES; CYCLOGENESIS; MONSOON; GENESIS; STORM AB A wave-tracking algorithm is developed for northwestward-propagating waves that, on occasion, play a role in tropical cyclogenesis over the western oceans. To obtain the Lagrangian flow structure, the frame of reference is translated obliquely at the same propagation speed with the precursor disturbance. Trajectory analysis suggests that streamlines in the obliquely translated frame of reference can be used to approximate flow trajectories. The algorithm was applied to Super Typhoon Nakri (2008), Tropical Cyclone Erika (2009), and a few other examples. Diagnoses of meteorological analyses and satellite-derived moisture and precipitation fields show that the marsupial framework for tropical cyclogenesis in tropical easterly waves is relevant also for northwestward-propagating disturbances as are commonly observed in the tropical western Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the western North Pacific. Finally, it is suggested that analysis of the global model data and satellite observations in the marsupial framework can provide useful guidance on early tropical cyclone advisories. C1 [Wang, Zhuo] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dunkerton, Timothy J.] NW Res Associates, Bellevue, WA USA. [Dunkerton, Timothy J.; Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM zhuowang@illinois.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-1016095, ATM-0733380, ATM-0851554] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Grants ATM-1016095, ATM-0733380, and ATM-0851554. The GFS data are from NCAR CISL Research Data Archive (RDA). NR 25 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 140 IS 1 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1175/2011MWR3604.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876TQ UT WOS:000299131000004 ER PT J AU Auten, JD Matteucci, MJ Gaspary, MJ Combs, DJ Clark, RF AF Auten, Jonathan D. Matteucci, Michael J. Gaspary, Micah J. Combs, Daniel J. Clark, Richard F. TI Psychiatric Implications of Adolescent Methamphetamine Exposures SO PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article DE illicit drug ingestion/poisoning; methamphetamines; toxicity; adolescence; suicidal ideation; suicide attempts ID YOUNG-ADULTS; SUICIDAL IDEATION; RISK BEHAVIOR; USERS; AMPHETAMINES; YOUTH; ABUSE AB Objectives: Methamphetamine abuse has reached epidemic proportions during the last decade. Abuse among adolescents is linked to increased rates of depression and suicidal ideation. Sources suggest that there is an increase rate of suicide attempts in the methamphetamine-abusing adolescent patient population. Our study seeks to examine adolescent methamphetamine exposures reported to the California Poison Control System during the past decade of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in comparison to rates reported by population-based surveys. Methods: The records of the California Poison Control System were searched for methamphetamine exposures from 2000 to 2009. All charts of patients identified between the ages of 11 and 18 years were reviewed and abstracted. Results: The records of 293 youth between the ages of 11 and 18 years were identified and assigned levels of severity according to parameters set by the National Poison Data System Medical Outcome Criteria of the American Association of Poison Control Centers. Charts were categorized as follows: 11 as major, 52 as moderate, and 75 as minor. The remainder of the charts were not evaluated because of no effect (n = 13) or unable to follow (n = 142). In this cohort, more females were reported than males (57%). The most common presenting symptom in this patient population was agitation (39%). The most common events were suicidal ideation (31%) and suicide attempts (21%). Conclusions: In this data set, adolescent methamphetamine exposures were associated with increased rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts that are disproportionate to population-based surveys during the same period. C1 [Auten, Jonathan D.; Matteucci, Michael J.; Gaspary, Micah J.; Combs, Daniel J.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Matteucci, Michael J.; Clark, Richard F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Div Med Toxicol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Matteucci, MJ (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM jonathan.auten@med.navy.mil NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0749-5161 EI 1535-1815 J9 PEDIATR EMERG CARE JI Pediatr. Emerg. Care PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 26 EP 29 DI 10.1097/PEC.0b013e31823ed6ca PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics SC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics GA 876JW UT WOS:000299104800007 PM 22193694 ER PT J AU Richardson, AS Finn, JM AF Richardson, A. S. Finn, J. M. TI Symplectic integrators with adaptive time steps SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Celebrating Professor Robert Dewars Accomplishments in Plasma Physics CY OCT 31, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA ID EXPLICIT WAVE-PROPAGATION; MECHANICS CALCULATIONS; NUMERICAL INSTABILITY; POISSON INTEGRATORS; SYSTEMS; LEAPFROG AB In recent decades, there have been many attempts to construct symplectic integrators with variable time steps, with rather disappointing results. In this paper, we identify the causes for this lack of performance, and find that they fall into two categories. In the first, the time step is considered a function of time alone, Delta = Delta(t). In this case, backward error analysis shows that while the algorithms remain symplectic, parametric instabilities may arise because of resonance between oscillations of Delta(t) and the orbital motion. In the second category the time step is a function of phase space variables Delta = Delta(q, p). In this case, the system of equations to be solved is analyzed by introducing a new time variable tau with dt = Delta(q, p) d tau. The transformed equations are no longer in Hamiltonian form, and thus do not benefit from integration methods which would be symplectic for Hamiltonian systems. We analyze two methods for integrating the transformed equations which do, however, preserve the structure of the original equations. The first is an extended phase space method, which has been successfully used in previous studies of adaptive time step symplectic integrators. The second, novel, method is based on a non-canonical mixed-variable generating function. Numerical trials for both of these methods show good results, without parametric instabilities or spurious growth or damping. It is then shown how to adapt the time step to an error estimate found by backward error analysis, in order to optimize the time-stepping scheme. Numerical results are obtained using this formulation and compared with other time-stepping schemes for the extended phase space symplectic method. C1 [Richardson, A. S.] USN, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Finn, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Richardson, AS (reprint author), USN, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM steve.richardson@nrl.navy.mil; finn@lanl.gov RI Richardson, A./A-3576-2013; OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-3056-6334 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JAN PY 2012 VL 54 IS 1 AR 014004 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/54/1/014004 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 879DB UT WOS:000299308800007 ER PT J AU Johnson, RT Hutto, GT Simpson, JR Montgomery, DC AF Johnson, Rachel T. Hutto, Gregory T. Simpson, James R. Montgomery, Douglas C. TI Designed Experiments for the Defense Community SO QUALITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE factorial design; optimal design; power; response surface methodology; space filling design; test and evaluation ID PARAMETER DESIGN; STATISTICS; PANEL AB The areas of application for design of experiments principles have evolved, mimicking the growth of U. S. industries over the last century, from agriculture to manufacturing to chemical and process industries to the services and government sectors. In addition, statistically based quality programs adopted by businesses morphed from total quality management to Six Sigma and, most recently, statistical engineering (see Hoerl and Snee 2010). The good news about these transformations is that each evolution contains more technical substance, embedding the methodologies as core competencies, and is less of a "program.'' Design of experiments is fundamental to statistical engineering and is receiving increased attention within large government agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Defense. Because test policy is intended to shape test programs, numerous test agencies have experimented with policy wording since about 2001. The Director of Operational Test & Evaluation has recently (2010) published guidelines to mold test programs into a sequence of well-designed and statistically defensible experiments. Specifically, the guidelines require, for the first time, that test programs report statistical power as one proof of sound test design. This article presents the underlying tenents of design of experiments, as applied in the Department of Defense, focusing on factorial, fractional factorial, and response surface design and analyses. The concepts of statistical modeling and sequential experimentation are also emphasized. Military applications are presented for testing and evaluation of weapon system acquisition, including force-on-force tactics, weapons employment and maritime search, identification, and intercept. C1 [Johnson, Rachel T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, Douglas C.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Johnson, RT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Glasgow Hall,Rm 253, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rtjohnso@nps.edu NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PY 2012 VL 24 IS 1 BP 60 EP 79 DI 10.1080/08982112.2012.627288 PG 20 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 879NK UT WOS:000299336500007 ER PT J AU Arkes, J AF Arkes, Jeremy TI How Does Youth Cigarette Use Respond to Weak Economic Periods? Implications for the Current Economic Crisis SO SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE LA English DT Article DE cigarettes; smoking; teenage; adolescent; recession ID SMOKING; ALCOHOL; DURATION; TOBACCO AB This paper examines whether youth cigarette use increases during weak economic periods (as do youth alcohol and drug use). The data come from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. With repeated measures over the 1997-2006 period, for almost 9,000 individuals, the samples include 30,000+ teenagers (15-19 years) and 30,000+ young adults (20-24 years). Logit models with state and year controls are estimated. The results indicate that teenagers and young adults increase cigarette use when the economy is weaker, implying that the current financial crisis has likely increased youth cigarette use relative to what it would have otherwise been. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Arkes, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM arkes@nps.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1082-6084 J9 SUBST USE MISUSE JI Subst. Use Misuse PY 2012 VL 47 IS 4 BP 375 EP 382 DI 10.3109/10826084.2011.631962 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 878XA UT WOS:000299289300005 PM 22122013 ER PT J AU Brizuela, D Cartin, D Khanna, G AF Brizuela, David Cartin, Daniel Khanna, Gaurav TI Numerical Techniques in Loop Quantum Cosmology SO SYMMETRY INTEGRABILITY AND GEOMETRY-METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE quantum gravity; numerical techniques; loop quantum cosmology ID SINGULARITY; SYSTEMS; GRAVITY; MODEL AB In this article, we review the use of numerical techniques to obtain solutions for the quantum Hamiltonian constraint in loop quantum cosmology (LQC). First, we summarize the basic features of LQC, and describe features of the constraint equations to solve - generically, these are difference (rather than differential) equations. Important issues such as differing quantization methods, stability of the solutions, the semi-classical limit, and the relevance of lattice refinement in the difference equations are discussed. Finally, the cosmological models already considered in the literature are listed, along with typical features in these models and open issues. C1 [Brizuela, David] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, Davet Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Cartin, Daniel] USN Acad, Preparatory Sch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Khanna, Gaurav] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Phys, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP Brizuela, D (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, Davet Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM brizuela@gravity.psu.edu; cartin@naps.edu; gkhanna@umassd.edu OI Cartin, Daniel/0000-0001-8896-053X FU Spanish Ministry of Education [I-D+i2008-2011]; Spanish MICINN [FIS2008-06078-C03-03]; Institute of Gravitation and the Cosmos (PSU); NSF [PHY-0831631, PHY-0902026, PHY-1016906, PHY-1135664] FX We would like to thank M. Martin-Benito for comments on the manuscript. DB acknowledges financial support from Spanish Ministry of Education through National Program No. I-D+i2008-2011. This work has been supported by the Spanish MICINN Project No. FIS2008-06078-C03-03, and by Institute of Gravitation and the Cosmos (PSU). GK acknowledges research support from NSF Grant Nos. PHY-0831631, PHY-0902026, PHY-1016906 and PHY-1135664. NR 80 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCI UKRAINE, INST MATH PI KYIV 4 PA 3 TERESCHCHENKIV SKA ST, KYIV 4, 01601, UKRAINE SN 1815-0659 J9 SYMMETRY INTEGR GEOM JI Symmetry Integr. Geom. PY 2012 VL 8 AR 001 DI 10.3842/SIGMA.2012.001 PG 26 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 879HC UT WOS:000299319300001 ER PT J AU Atkinson, MP Fontaine, MJ Goodnough, LT Wein, LM AF Atkinson, Michael P. Fontaine, Magali J. Goodnough, Lawrence T. Wein, Lawrence M. TI A novel allocation strategy for blood transfusions: investigating the tradeoff between the age and availability of transfused blood SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID CARDIAC-SURGERY; STORAGE TIME; ASSOCIATION; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; DURATION; CELLS AB BACKGROUND: Recent studies show that transfusing older blood may lead to increased mortality. This raises the issue of whether transfusing fresher blood can be achieved without jeopardizing blood availability. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We propose a simple family of policies that is defined by a single threshold: rather than transfusing the oldest available blood that is younger than 42 days, we transfuse the oldest blood that is younger than the threshold, and if there is no blood younger than the threshold then we transfuse the youngest blood that is older than the threshold. To assess this policy, we build a simulation model using data from Stanford University Medical Center. We focus on the tradeoff between the mean age of transfused blood and the fraction of transfused blood that is imported. RESULTS: For hospitals in which the local supply is greater than demand, our policy with a threshold of 14 days leads to a decrease of 10 to 20 days in the mean age of transfused blood while increasing the fraction of imported blood to less than 0.005 (i.e., 0.5%). If the health benefits from transfusing fresher blood can be confirmed by randomized clinical trials, then conservative assumptions suggest that this policy could reduce the annual number of transfused patients who die within 1 year by 20,000. CONCLUSION: The proposed allocation policy with a threshold of 14 days could allow many US hospitals to significantly reduce the age of transfused blood, thereby possibly reducing morbidity and mortality, while having a negligible impact on supply chain operations. C1 [Wein, Lawrence M.] Stanford Univ, Grad Sch Business, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Pathol & Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wein, LM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Grad Sch Business, 655 KnightWay, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM lwein@stanford.edu FU Center for Social Innovation, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University FX Supported by the Center for Social Innovation, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University (LMW). NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JAN PY 2012 VL 52 IS 1 BP 108 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03239.x PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 871KD UT WOS:000298736000016 PM 21756261 ER PT J AU Heuer, AH Kahn, H Ernst, F Michal, GM Hovis, DB Rayne, RJ Martin, FJ Natishan, PM AF Heuer, A. H. Kahn, H. Ernst, F. Michal, G. M. Hovis, D. B. Rayne, R. J. Martin, F. J. Natishan, P. M. TI Enhanced corrosion resistance of interstitially hardened stainless steel: Implications of a critical passive layer thickness for breakdown SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Corrosion; Stainless steel; Carburization; Internal stress; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ID LOW-TEMPERATURE; PARAEQUILIBRIUM CARBURIZATION; PITTING CORROSION; SURFACE-ANALYSIS; FE-26CR ALLOY; FILMS; NITROGEN; XPS; 316L; AES AB Immense interstitial hardening of 316L austenitic stainless steel via low-temperature paraequilibrium carburization also leads to greatly improved corrosion resistance. Both the hardening and the improved corrosion resistance owe their origin to a "colossal" supersaturation of interstitial carbon. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel involves a Cr(2)O(3)-rich passive film, and the composition and thickness of the passive film developed during anodic polarization at various potentials were determined for both carburized and non-treated steels using grazing incidence X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Passive oxide film breakdown is a necessary step in pitting corrosion, and appears to occur in these steels at a critical film thickness of approximate to 3 nm. We suggest that this breakdown is of chemomechanical origin. Long wavelength thickness perturbations occur during film growth to reduce the strain energy density in the passive film arising from intrinsic and electric field-induced stresses. At the critical thickness, the localized thinning is sufficient to lead to dielectric breakdown and nucleation of pitting corrosion. The improved corrosion resistance for the carburized material results from thinner passive films at a given potential and hence a delay in the detrimental effect of the thickness perturbations. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Heuer, A. H.; Kahn, H.; Ernst, F.; Michal, G. M.; Hovis, D. B.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Rayne, R. J.; Martin, F. J.; Natishan, P. M.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heuer, AH (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM ahh@case.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX This work has been supported by Dr A. Perez, Office of Naval Research. AHH acknowledges the support of the Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College, London for a one-month visit, where the first draft of this manuscript was written. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 2 BP 716 EP 725 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.10.004 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 869UA UT WOS:000298622500026 ER PT J AU Chang, EG Sullivan, S Chauhan, S Sandlin, A Dahlke, J Igwe, E Magann, E Anderson, K Abuhamad, A AF Chang, Eugene Sullivan, Scott Chauhan, Suneet Sandlin, Adam Dahlke, Joshua Igwe, Elena Magann, Everett Anderson, Kristi Abuhamad, Alfred TI Small-for-gestational age, cesarean delivery for non-reassuring fetal heart status and composite neonatal morbidity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Scientific Meeting/Pregnancy Meeting of Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY FEB 06-11, 2012 CL Dallas, TX SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med C1 [Chang, Eugene] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Chauhan, Suneet; Abuhamad, Alfred] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. [Sandlin, Adam] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Dahlke, Joshua; Anderson, Kristi] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Igwe, Elena] Temple Univ Hosp & Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. [Magann, Everett] Mississippi Progestogen Trial, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 206 IS 1 SU S MA 343 BP S161 EP S162 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 873NL UT WOS:000298889900342 ER PT J AU Chauhan, S Chang, E Igwe, E Sandlin, A Dahlke, J Beydoun, H Magann, EF Ananth, C Anderson, K Abuhamad, A AF Chauhan, Suneet Chang, Eugene Igwe, Elena Sandlin, Adam Dahlke, Joshua Beydoun, Hind Magann, E. F. Ananth, Cande Anderson, Kristi Abuhamad, Alfred TI Detected vs undetected small-for-gestational-age: a multicenter retrospective study at tertiary centers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Scientific Meeting/Pregnancy Meeting of Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY FEB 06-11, 2012 CL Dallas, TX SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med C1 [Chauhan, Suneet; Abuhamad, Alfred] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. [Chang, Eugene] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Igwe, Elena] Temple Univ Hosp & Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. [Sandlin, Adam] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Dahlke, Joshua; Anderson, Kristi] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Beydoun, Hind] Eastern Virginia Med Ctr, Grad Program Publ Hlth, Norfolk, VA USA. [Magann, E. F.] UAMS, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Little Rock, AR USA. [Ananth, Cande] Columbia Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 206 IS 1 SU S MA 698 BP S311 EP S311 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 873NL UT WOS:000298889900693 ER PT J AU Kiefer, DG Keeler, SM Rust, O Chow, SSW Craig, ME Peltier, MR Vintzileos, AM Rawlinson, WD Hanna, N AF Kiefer, Daniel G. Keeler, Sean M. Rust, Orion Chow, Sharon S. W. Craig, Maria E. Peltier, Morgan R. Vintzileos, Anthony M. Rawlinson, William D. Hanna, Nazeeh TI Amniotic fluid inflammatory score is associated with pregnancy outcome in patients with mid trimester short cervix SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Clinical Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY JAN 31-FEB 06, 2010 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med, Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol DE amniotic fluid; cytokine; inflammatory score; short cervix ID PRETERM PARTURITION; INFECTION; CERCLAGE; DELIVERY; WOMEN; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: We propose a novel amniotic fluid inflammatory score from a comprehensive cytokine analysis of patients with mid-trimester short cervix. STUDY DESIGN: Amniotic fluid from singleton gestations (n = 44) with a cervical length of <= 25 mm between 16-24 weeks was assayed for 25 inflammatory mediators. Patient data were stratified according to gestational age at delivery (<34 vs >= 34 weeks). Mediators that reached statistical significance were included in the amniotic fluid inflammatory score. Patients were assigned 1 point for each significant mediator if their level was in the upper quartile. The amniotic fluid inflammatory score was determined, and its relationship to other clinical characteristics was examined. RESULTS: Fourteen mediators met the criteria. A score of >= 8 was predictive of delivery at <34 weeks' gestation (sensitivity, 87.0%; specificity, 100%; positive predictive value, 100%; negative predictive value, 87.5%). Twenty patients had a high inflammatory score (>= 8); 24 patients had a low score. All patients with a high inflammatory score delivered at <30 weeks' gestation. CONCLUSION: The amniotic fluid inflammatory score is related to delivery outcome and clinical characteristics. C1 [Kiefer, Daniel G.; Rust, Orion] Lehigh Valley Hlth Network, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Allentown, PA USA. [Kiefer, Daniel G.; Vintzileos, Anthony M.] Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. [Kiefer, Daniel G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Keeler, Sean M.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Chow, Sharon S. W.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Chow, Sharon S. W.; Craig, Maria E.; Rawlinson, William D.] Prince Wales Hosp, POWH & UNSW Res Labs, Kogarah, NSW, Australia. [Craig, Maria E.; Rawlinson, William D.] St George Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kogarah, NSW, Australia. [Craig, Maria E.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Womens & Childrens Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Peltier, Morgan R.] Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. [Hanna, Nazeeh] Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. RP Kiefer, DG (reprint author), Lehigh Valley Hlth Network, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Allentown, PA USA. OI Rawlinson, William/0000-0003-0988-7827 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 206 IS 1 AR 68.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.08.002 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 866GT UT WOS:000298369200030 PM 21974988 ER PT J AU Gaillou, E Post, JE Rost, D Butler, JE AF Gaillou, Eloise Post, Jeffrey E. Rost, Detlef Butler, James E. TI Boron in natural type IIb blue diamonds: Chemical and spectroscopic measurements SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Type IIb diamonds; boron; ToF-SIMS; synchrotron FTIR; cathodoluminescence; phosphorescence; plastic deformation ID ACCEPTOR PAIR RECOMBINATION; SEMICONDUCTING DIAMOND; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; THIN-FILMS; MANTLE; INCLUSIONS; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTRA; VOLTAGE AB The presence of boron in the structure of diamond is rare in nature, and even when present, reported values are <= 0.5 ppm. This study used various spectroscopic methods and time-of-fight (ToF-) SIMS to characterize and analyze for boron in natural type IIb blue diamonds, including the well-known Hope and the Blue Heart diamonds, and on one high-pressure, high-temperature annealed natural stone. Infrared spectroscopy measurements reveal uncompensated boron values as large as 1.72 +/- 0.15 ppm, which is significantly higher than the previously reported maximum of 0.5 ppm. ToF-SIMS analyses gave spot total boron concentrations as high as 8.4 +/- 1.1 ppm for the Hope diamond to less than 0.08 ppm in other blue diamonds. By comparison, a type Ia diamond did not show detectable boron. ToF-SIMS analyses revealed strong zoning of boron in some diamonds, which was confirmed by mapping the uncompensated boron using synchrotron infrared spectroscopy. This greater range of boron concentrations compared to previous studies might be explained by the larger number of natural diamonds analyzed here, 78, compared to <10 samples reported in the literature. The samples in this study are all gem-quality diamonds, including some Intense to Fancy-Deep blue diamonds; color intensity, however, only loosely correlates with the boron content. Boron is also likely responsible for the phosphorescence emissions of type IIb diamonds, in the red at 660 nm and in the blue-green at 500 nm. Our results are consistent with previous work suggesting that the emissions are caused by donor-acceptor pair recombination processes involving boron and other defects. The exact nature of the phosphorescence processes is still not fully understood, but likely involves complex steps of charge carrier trapping and detrapping. C1 [Gaillou, Eloise; Post, Jeffrey E.; Butler, James E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Gaillou, Eloise] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Rost, Detlef] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Butler, James E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaillou, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM asteriee@yahoo.fr RI Gaillou, Eloise/D-1753-2009; Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Gaillou, Eloise/0000-0002-7949-268X; Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 FU Smithsonian Network FX The authors give a special thanks to Alan Collins for his thoughtful discussions on this paper and over the years and Sally Eaton-Magana (GIA) who provided some of her raw data from previously published articles. We are very grateful to the Steinmetz Group and to Apollo Diamond for providing two of the diamonds used in this study and to Alan Bronstein for loaning 63 blue diamonds to the Smithsonian Institution. We thank the team of researchers at NSLS on the U2B line: Lisa Miller, Randy Smith, and Eli Stavitski. Our gratitude also goes to Albert Schnieders from IONTOF and Ed Vicenzi from the Smithsonian Institution who acquired some of the ToF-SIMS measurements. We also acknowledge sincerely Tim Rose and Tim Gooding who helped on the data acquisition and on the sample holder preparation, respectively. Financial support was provided for the ToF-SIMS measurements by the Smithsonian Network. We are grateful to ION-TOF GmbH for their technical support during the ToF-SIMS measurements. Finally, we would like to thank the two reviewers, G. Rossman and B. Rondeau, who helped improve the quality of this manuscript. E.G.'s work was founded by Coralyn Whitney and the ToF-SIMS measurements were made possible thanks to the financial support of the Smithsonian Network. NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 41 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 97 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.2138/am.2012.3925 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 873OT UT WOS:000298893400001 ER PT J AU Masterson, DM AF Masterson, Daniel M. TI Secret Wars and Secret Policies in the Americas, 1842-1929 SO AMERICAS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Masterson, Daniel M.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Masterson, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD AMER FRANCISCAN HIST PI WEST BETHESDA PA BOX 34440, WEST BETHESDA, MD 20817 USA SN 0003-1615 J9 AMERICAS JI Americas PD JAN PY 2012 VL 68 IS 3 BP 465 EP 466 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 873GH UT WOS:000298868600023 ER PT J AU Golden, JP Justin, GA Nasir, M Ligler, FS AF Golden, Joel P. Justin, Gusphyl A. Nasir, Mansoor Ligler, Frances S. TI Hydrodynamic focusing-a versatile tool SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hydrodynamic focusing; Sheath flow; Microfluidics; Conductivity; Flow focusing; Reynolds number ID MICROFLOW CYTOMETER; COULTER-COUNTER; SHEATH FLOW; MICROCHANNELS; MICROFABRICATION; POLYMERS; DELIVERY; APERTURE; DEVICES; DESIGN AB The control of hydrodynamic focusing in a microchannel has inspired new approaches for microfluidic mixing, separations, sensors, cell analysis, and microfabrication. Achieving a flat interface between the focusing and focused fluids is dependent on Reynolds number and device geometry, and many hydrodynamic focusing systems can benefit from this understanding. For applications where a specific cross-sectional shape is desired for the focused flow, advection generated by grooved structures in the channel walls can be used to define the shape of the focused flow. Relative flow rates of the focused flow and focusing streams can be manipulated to control the cross-sectional area of the focused flows. This paper discusses the principles for defining the shape of the interface between the focused and focusing fluids and provides examples from our lab that use hydrodynamic focusing for impedance-based sensors, flow cytometry, and microfabrication to illustrate the breadth of opportunities for introducing new capabilities into microfluidic systems. We evaluate each example for the advantages and limitations integral to utilization of hydrodynamic focusing for that particular application. C1 [Golden, Joel P.; Justin, Gusphyl A.; Nasir, Mansoor; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL/ONR [WU 9899]; NRL Work Unit [6027]; NIH [U01 AI075489]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This work was funded by NRL/ONR WU 9899, NRL 6.2 Work Unit 6027, NIH U01 AI075489, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The views are those of the authors and do not represent the opinion or policy of the US Navy or the Department of Defense. The authors wish to thank Adam Shields and Abel Thangawng for the electron micrographs of the extruded polymer fibers. GJ is a National Research Council postdoctoral fellow. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 47 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 402 IS 1 BP 325 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5415-3 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 871PE UT WOS:000298749300035 PM 21952728 ER PT J AU Robertson, KL Vora, GJ AF Robertson, Kelly L. Vora, Gary J. TI Locked Nucleic Acid and Flow Cytometry-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for the Detection of Bacterial Small Noncoding RNAs SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PROTEIN CSRA; SINGLE-CELL; PROBES; LNA; MOLECULE; NOISE AB We describe the development and testing of a high-throughput method that enables the detection of small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) from single bacterial cells using locked nucleic acid probes (LNA) and flow cytometry-fluorescence in situ hybridization (flow-FISH). The LNA flow-FISH method and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to monitor the expression of three ncRNAs (6S, CsrB, and TPP-2) in Vibrio campbellii ATCC BAA-1116 cultures during lag phase, mid-log phase, and stationary phase. Both LNA flow-FISH and qRT-PCR revealed that CsrB and TPP-2 were highly expressed during lag phase but markedly reduced in mid-log phase and stationary phase, whereas 6S demonstrated no to little expression during lag phase but increased thereafter. Importantly, while LNA flow-FISH and qRT-PCR demonstrated similar overall expression trends, only LNA flow-FISH, which enabled the detection of ncRNAs in individual cells as opposed to the lysate-based ensemble measurements generated by qRT-PCR, was able to capture the cell-to-cell heterogeneity in ncRNA expression. As such, this study demonstrates a new method that simultaneously enables the in situ detection of ncRNAs and the determination of gene expression heterogeneity within an isogenic bacterial population. C1 [Robertson, Kelly L.; Vora, Gary J.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vora, GJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gary.vora@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research via U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research via U.S. Naval Research Laboratory core funds. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 78 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1128/AEM.06399-11 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 866QR UT WOS:000298396700003 PM 22057868 ER PT J AU Escobar-Vargas, JA Diamessis, PJ Giraldo, FX AF Escobar-Vargas, J. A. Diamessis, P. J. Giraldo, F. X. TI High-order discontinuous element-based schemes for the inviscid shallow water equations: Spectral multidomain penalty and discontinuous Galerkin methods SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Shallow water equations; Spectral multidomain methods; Discontinuous Galerkin methods; Interfacial treatment ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION SCHEMES; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; HYPERBOLIC-EQUATIONS; INTERNAL WAVES; MODEL; NUMBER; GRIDS; CONSERVATION; CONVERGENCE AB Two commonly used types of high-order-accuracy element-based schemes, collocation-based spectral multidomain penalty methods (SMPM) and nodal discontinuous Galerkin methods (DGM), are compared in the framework of the inviscid shallow water equations. Differences and similarities in formulation are identified, with the primary difference being the dissipative term in the Rusanov form of the numerical flux for the DGM that provides additional numerical stability; however, it should be emphasized that to arrive at this equivalence between SMPM and DGM requires making specific choices in the construction of both methods; these choices are addressed. In general, both methods offer a multitude of choices in the penalty terms used to introduce boundary conditions and stabilize the numerical solution. The resulting specialized class of SMPM and DGM are then applied to a suite of six commonly considered geophysical flow test cases, three linear and three non-linear; we also include results for a classical continuous Galerkin (i.e., spectral element) method for comparison. Both the analysis and numerical experiments show that the SMPM and DGM are essentially identical; both methods can be shown to be equivalent for very special choices of quadrature rules and Riemann solvers in the DGM along with special choices in the type of penalty term in the SMPM. Although we only focus our studies on the inviscid shallow water equations the results presented should be applicable to other systems of nonlinear hyperbolic equations (such as the compressible Euler equations) and extendable to the compressible and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, where viscous terms are included. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Escobar-Vargas, J. A.; Diamessis, P. J.] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Giraldo, F. X.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Escobar-Vargas, JA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jae47@cornell.edu RI Diamessis, Peter/D-7482-2013 OI Diamessis, Peter/0000-0002-3309-3309 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0845558]; Office of Naval Research Office FX We thank an anonymous reviewer for a number of insightful fundamental comments on the original version of the paper. The work of the first two authors was sponsored by National Science Foundation CAREER award Grant OCE-0845558. FXG acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research Office through the Applied Computational Analysis Program. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 218 IS 9 BP 4825 EP 4848 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2011.10.046 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 865EH UT WOS:000298293200014 ER PT J AU Neta, B Scott, M Chun, C AF Neta, Beny Scott, Melvin Chun, Changbum TI Basin attractors for various methods for multiple roots SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear equations; Multiple roots; Basin of attraction ID FAMILY; EQUATIONS AB There are several methods for approximating the multiple zeros of a nonlinear function when the multiplicity is known. The methods are classified by the order, informational efficiency and efficiency index. Here we consider other criteria, namely the basin of attraction of the method and its dependence on the order. We discuss all known methods of orders two to four and present the basin of attraction for several examples. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Neta, Beny] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chun, Changbum] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Math, Suwon 440746, South Korea. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bneta@nps.edu; MScott8223@atmc.net; cbchun@skku.edu OI Neta, Beny/0000-0002-7417-7496 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2011-0025877] FX Professor Chun's research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2011-0025877). NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 218 IS 9 BP 5043 EP 5066 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2011.10.071 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 865EH UT WOS:000298293200034 ER PT J AU Fox, J Gera, R Stanica, P AF Fox, Joseph Gera, Ralucca Stanica, Pantelimon TI The Independence Number for the Generalized Petersen Graphs SO ARS COMBINATORIA LA English DT Article DE independence; Petersen Graph ID RATIO AB Given a graph G, an independent set I(G) is a subset of the vertices of G such that no two vertices in I(G) are adjacent. The independence number alpha(G) is the order of a largest set of independent vertices. In this paper, we study the independence number for the Generalized Petersen graphs, finding both sharp bounds and exact results for subclasses of the Generalized Petersen graphs. C1 [Fox, Joseph] Salem State Coll, Dept Math, Salem, MA 01970 USA. [Gera, Ralucca; Stanica, Pantelimon] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fox, J (reprint author), Salem State Coll, Dept Math, Salem, MA 01970 USA. EM joseph.fox@salemstate.edu; rgera@nps.edu; pstanica@nps.edu FU Naval Postgraduate School FX R.G. and P.S. acknowledge RIP funding support from Naval Postgraduate School while preparing this paper. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHARLES BABBAGE RES CTR PI WINNIPEG PA PO BOX 272 ST NORBERT POSTAL STATION, WINNIPEG, MB R3T 2N2, CANADA SN 0381-7032 J9 ARS COMBINATORIA JI ARS Comb. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 103 BP 439 EP 451 PG 13 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 871WF UT WOS:000298767700037 ER PT J AU Eroh, L Gera, R AF Eroh, Linda Gera, Ralucca TI Alliance Partition Number in Graphs SO ARS COMBINATORIA LA English DT Article DE alliance; domination; partition; alliance partition AB Let G be a graph with vertex set V (G) and edge set E(G). A (defensive) alliance in G is a subset S of V (G) such that for every vertex v is an element of S, |N[v] boolean AND S| >= |N(v) boolean AND (V(G) - S)|. The alliance partition number of a graph G, psi(a)(G), is defined to be the maximum number of sets in a partition of V(G) such that each set is a (defensive) alliance. In this paper, we give both general bounds and exact results for the alliance partition number of graphs, and in particular for regular graphs and trees. C1 [Eroh, Linda] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Gera, Ralucca] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA USA. RP Eroh, L (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. EM eroh@uwosh.edu; rgera@nps.edu FU Naval Postgraduate School FX Research supported by the Research Initiation Program Grant at the Naval Postgraduate School. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHARLES BABBAGE RES CTR PI WINNIPEG PA PO BOX 272 ST NORBERT POSTAL STATION, WINNIPEG, MB R3T 2N2, CANADA SN 0381-7032 J9 ARS COMBINATORIA JI ARS Comb. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 103 BP 519 EP 529 PG 11 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 871WF UT WOS:000298767700044 ER PT J AU Dewing, CB Horan, MP Millett, PJ AF Dewing, Christopher B. Horan, Marilee P. Millett, Peter J. TI Two-Year Outcomes of Open Shoulder Anterior Capsular Reconstruction for Instability From Severe Capsular Deficiency SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article ID GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY; THERMAL CAPSULORRHAPHY; HISTOLOGIC EVALUATION; FOLLOW-UP; JOINT AB Purpose: To document outcomes after anterior capsulolabral reconstruction for recurrent shoulder instability in 15 patients (20 shoulders) who have had multiple failed stabilizations or collagen disorders. Methods: Twenty shoulders with recurrent instability underwent revision stabilization with allograft reconstruction of anterior capsulolabral structures, which re-creates the labrum and capsular ligaments. The patients comprised 3 men and 12 women (mean age, 26 years [range, 18 to 38 years]) in whom multiple prior repairs failed and who had disability from continued pain and instability. Patients could choose to undergo either arthrodesis or salvage allograft reconstruction or to live with permanent disability. Of the patients, 5 had Ehlers-Danlos syndrome whereas 10 had hyperlaxity syndromes without genetic confirmation. Failure was defined as further instability surgery. Pain, shoulder function, instability (dislocations/subluxation), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores were documented. Results: At follow-up, 9 of 20 shoulders (45%) remained stable. Recurrent instability was reported in 5 shoulders (25%), but the patients chose not to undergo further surgery. In the 14 shoulders without further stabilization (nonfailures), the mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score increased 43 points at a mean of 3.8 years (range, 2 to 6 years) postoperatively (P < .05). Mean satisfaction with outcome in nonfailures was 7 of 10 points (range, 1 to 10). Six shoulders failed by progressing to instability surgery at a mean of 8.6 months (range, 2.8 to 24 months). In the 6 shoulders that failed, the mean number of prior surgeries was 8 (range, 3 to 15) compared with a mean of 4 prior surgeries (range, 1 to 16) for the 9 nonfailures. Conclusions: Treating patients in whom multiple stabilizations have failed remains challenging. In our series 9 shoulders (45%) remained completely stable at 3.8 years. Recurrent instability (3 reinjuries) requiring further stabilization occurred in 6 (30%). Subsequent treatment for non-instability reasons was performed in 3 (15%). Instability was reported but revision surgery was not performed in 5 (25%). In 8 nonfailures (64%), the patients were highly satisfied with their surgical outcomes. Our results support this salvage procedure as a viable alternative to arthrodesis in young patients with end-stage shoulder instability or collagen disorders. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic case series. C1 [Horan, Marilee P.; Millett, Peter J.] Steadman Philippon Res Inst, Vail, CO 81657 USA. [Dewing, Christopher B.] USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Millett, PJ (reprint author), Steadman Philippon Res Inst, 181 Meadow Dr,Ste 400, Vail, CO 81657 USA. EM drmillett@steadmanclinic.net FU Smith & Nephew Endoscopy; Arthrex; Siemens; SBi; OrthoRehab; Ossur Americas FX P.J.M. is a paid consultant for Arthrex and has stock options in Game Ready. Steadman Philippon Research Institute has received support from Smith & Nephew Endoscopy, Arthrex, Siemens, SBi, OrthoRehab, and Ossur Americas. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2011.07.002 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 869ZY UT WOS:000298640100013 PM 21978433 ER PT J AU Ajello, M Allafort, A Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Charles, E Chekhtman, A Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Cutini, S de Angelis, A de Palma, F Dermer, CD Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Fukui, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Germani, S Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashi, K Hays, E Itoh, R Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kubo, H Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lionetto, AM Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Mazziotta, MN Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Naumann-Godo, M Nishino, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Parent, D Pelassa, V Pesce-Rollins, M Pierbattista, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Roth, M Sadrozinski, HFW Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Troja, E Uchiyama, Y Uehara, T Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Van Etten, A Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Yamamoto, H Yamazaki, R Yang, Z Yasuda, H Ziegler, M Zimmer, S AF Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cutini, S. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Fukui, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashi, K. Hays, E. Itoh, R. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kubo, H. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lionetto, A. M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Mazziotta, M. N. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Naumann-Godo, M. Nishino, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Roth, M. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Troja, E. Uchiyama, Y. Uehara, T. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Van Etten, A. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yamamoto, H. Yamazaki, R. Yang, Z. Yasuda, H. Ziegler, M. Zimmer, S. TI FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF THE SUPERNOVA REMNANT G8.7-0.1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; cosmic rays; gamma rays: ISM; ISM: individual objects (G8.7-0.1, HESS J1804-216); ISM: supernova remnants ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; PULSAR WIND NEBULA; GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; HIGH-ENERGY; INNER GALAXY; HESS J1804-216; X-RAY; DISCOVERY; CATALOG AB We present a detailed analysis of the GeV gamma-ray emission toward the supernova remnant (SNR) G8.7-0.1 with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. An investigation of the relationship between G8.7-0.1 and the TeV unidentified source HESS J1804-216 provides us with an important clue on diffusion process of cosmic rays if particle acceleration operates in the SNR. The GeV gamma-ray emission is extended with most of the emission in positional coincidence with the SNR G8.7-0.1 and a lesser part located outside the western boundary of G8.7-0.1. The region of the gamma-ray emission overlaps spatially connected molecular clouds, implying a physical connection for the gamma-ray structure. The total gamma-ray spectrum measured with LAT from 200 MeV-100 GeV can be described by a broken power-law function with a break of 2.4 +/- 0.6 (stat) +/- 1.2 (sys) GeV, and photon indices of 2.10 +/- 0.06 (stat) +/- 0.10 (sys) below the break and 2.70 +/- 0.12 (stat) +/- 0.14 (sys) above the break. Given the spatial association among the gamma rays, the radio emission of G8.7-0.1, and the molecular clouds, the decay of pi(0)s produced by particles accelerated in the SNR and hitting the molecular clouds naturally explains the GeV gamma-ray spectrum. We also find that the GeV morphology is not well represented by the TeV emission from HESS J1804-216 and that the spectrum in the GeV band is not consistent with the extrapolation of the TeV gamma-ray spectrum. The spectral index of the TeV emission is consistent with the particle spectral index predicted by a theory that assumes energy-dependent diffusion of particles accelerated in an SNR. We discuss the possibility that the TeV spectrum originates from the interaction of particles accelerated in G8.7-0.1 with molecular clouds, and we constrain the diffusion coefficient of the particles. C1 [Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Okumura, A.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Van Etten, A.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chekhtman, A.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Okumura, A.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Van Etten, A.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Pierbattista, M.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA IRFU, CNRS,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Allafort, A.; Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEE CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Ciprini, S.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ferrara, E. C.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Frailis, M.] Osserv Astron Trieste, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Hayashi, K.; Itoh, R.; Mizuno, T.; Nishino, S.; Uehara, T.; Yasuda, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Fukui, Y.; Yamamoto, H.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guiriec, S.; Pelassa, V.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Katagiri, H.] Ibaraki Univ, Coll Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. [Kataoka, J.; Nakamori, T.] Waseda Univ Tokyo, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] Univ Toulouse, GAHEC, UPS OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Kubo, H.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto 606, Japan. [Lee, S. -H.] Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Lionetto, A. M.; Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Lionetto, A. M.; Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Moiseev, A. A.] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Norris, J. P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Phys, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Ohno, M.; Okumura, A.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tajima, H.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Tibolla, O.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.; Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tramacere, A.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Yamazaki, R.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan. [Yang, Z.; Zimmer, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Yang, Z.; Zimmer, S.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Ajello, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hanabata@hep01.hepl.hiroshima-u.ac.jp; katagiri@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp RI Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; OI Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX Partially supported by the International Doctorate on Astroparticle Physics (IDAPP) program.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 54 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 744 IS 1 AR 80 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/744/1/80 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 866TY UT WOS:000298408300080 ER PT J AU Guillemot, L Johnson, TJ Venter, C Kerr, M Pancrazi, B Livingstone, M Janssen, GH Jaroenjittichai, P Kramer, M Cognard, I Stappers, BW Harding, AK Camilo, F Espinoza, CM Freire, PCC Gargano, F Grove, JE Johnston, S Michelson, PF Noutsos, A Parent, D Ransom, SM Ray, PS Shannon, R Smith, DA Theureau, G Thorsett, SE Webb, N AF Guillemot, L. Johnson, T. J. Venter, C. Kerr, M. Pancrazi, B. Livingstone, M. Janssen, G. H. Jaroenjittichai, P. Kramer, M. Cognard, I. Stappers, B. W. Harding, A. K. Camilo, F. Espinoza, C. M. Freire, P. C. C. Gargano, F. Grove, J. E. Johnston, S. Michelson, P. F. Noutsos, A. Parent, D. Ransom, S. M. Ray, P. S. Shannon, R. Smith, D. A. Theureau, G. Thorsett, S. E. Webb, N. TI PULSED GAMMA RAYS FROM THE ORIGINAL MILLISECOND AND BLACK WIDOW PULSARS: A CASE FOR CAUSTIC RADIO EMISSION? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: general; pulsars: general; pulsars: individual (PSR B1937+21, PSR B1957+20); radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; BLIND FREQUENCY SEARCHES; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; FERMI LAT; PSR B1957+20; LIGHT CURVES; MONTE-CARLO; TIMING OBSERVATIONS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; POLARIZATION AB We report the detection of pulsed gamma-ray emission from the fast millisecond pulsars (MSPs) B1937+21 (also known as J1939+2134) and B1957+20 (J1959+2048) using 18 months of survey data recorded by the Fermi Large Area Telescope and timing solutions based on radio observations conducted at the Westerbork and Nancay radio telescopes. In addition, we analyzed archival Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer and XMM-Newton X-ray data for the two MSPs, confirming the X-ray emission properties of PSR B1937+21 and finding evidence (similar to 4 sigma) for pulsed emission from PSR B1957+20 for the first time. In both cases the gamma-ray emission profile is characterized by two peaks separated by half a rotation and are in close alignment with components observed in radio and X-rays. These two pulsars join PSRs J0034-0534 and J2214+3000 to form an emerging class of gamma-ray MSPs with phase-aligned peaks in different energy bands. The modeling of the radio and gamma-ray emission profiles suggests co-located emission regions in the outer magnetosphere. C1 [Guillemot, L.; Kramer, M.; Freire, P. C. C.; Noutsos, A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Johnson, T. J.; Harding, A. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Johnson, T. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnson, T. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnson, T. J.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Kerr, M.; Michelson, P. F.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kerr, M.; Michelson, P. F.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Pancrazi, B.; Webb, N.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Pancrazi, B.; Webb, N.] Univ Toulouse, GAHEC, UPS OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Livingstone, M.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Janssen, G. H.; Jaroenjittichai, P.; Kramer, M.; Stappers, B. W.; Espinoza, C. M.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, LPCE, UMR 6115, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] Observ Paris, CNRS, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Gargano, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Grove, J. E.; Ray, P. S.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Johnston, S.; Shannon, R.] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Parent, D.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Thorsett, S. E.] Willamette Univ, Dept Phys, Salem, OR 97031 USA. RP Guillemot, L (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM guillemo@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; tyrel.j.johnson@gmail.com; Christo.Venter@nwu.ac.za; kerrm@stanford.edu RI Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; OI Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; Shannon, Ryan/0000-0002-7285-6348; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 73 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 744 IS 1 AR 33 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/744/1/33 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 866TY UT WOS:000298408300033 ER PT J AU Campbell, JR Welton, EJ Krotkov, NA Yang, K Stewart, SA Fromm, MD AF Campbell, James R. Welton, Ellsworth J. Krotkov, Nickolay A. Yang, Kai Stewart, Sebastian A. Fromm, Michael D. TI Likely seeding of cirrus clouds by stratospheric Kasatochi volcanic aerosol particles near a mid-latitude tropopause fold SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Aerosol indirect effect; Volcanic aerosol; Cloud seeding; Cirrus clouds; UTLS processes; Lidar ID MOUNT-PINATUBO ERUPTION; POLARIZATION LIDAR; TROPOSPHERE; RADIATION; EXCHANGE; CLIMATE; DEBRIS; WATER; ICE AB Following the explosive 7-8 August 2008 Mt. Kasatochi volcanic eruption in southwestern Alaska, a segment of the dispersing stratospheric aerosol layer was profiled beginning 16 August in continuous ground-based lidar measurements over the Mid-Atlantic coast of the eastern United States. On 17-18 August, the layer was displaced downward into the upper troposphere through turbulent mixing near a tropopause fold. Cirrus clouds and ice crystal fallstreaks were subsequently observed, having formed within the entrained layer. The likely seeding of these clouds by Kasatochi aerosol particles is discussed. Cloud formation is hypothesized as resulting from either preferential homogenous freezing of relatively large sulfate-based solution droplets deliquesced after mixing into the moist upper troposphere or through heterogeneous droplet activation by volcanic ash. Satellite-borne spectrometer measurements illustrate the evolution of elevated Kasatochi SO2 mass concentrations regionally and the spatial extent of the cirrus cloud band induced by likely particle seeding. Satellite-borne polarization lidar observations confirm ice crystal presence within the clouds. Geostationary satellite-based water vapor channel imagery depicts strong regional subsidence, symptomatic of tropopause folding, along a deepening trough in the sub-tropical westerlies. Regional radiosonde profiling confirms both the position of the fold and depth of upper-tropospheric subsidence. These data represent the first unambiguous observations of likely cloud seeding by stratospheric volcanic aerosol particles after mixing back into the upper troposphere. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Campbell, James R.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Stewart, Sebastian A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fromm, Michael D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yang, Kai] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Campbell, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM james.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Krotkov, Nickolay/E-1541-2012 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Krotkov, Nickolay/0000-0001-6170-6750 FU NASA Shared Services Center on behalf of the Micropulse Lidar Network [NNX10AE14G]; NASA [NNH07AG44I, NNG06GI00G] FX This work was supported by Grant NNX10AE14G issued by NASA Shared Services Center on behalf of the Micropulse Lidar Network project, and NASA Grant NNH07AG44I as part of the CALIPSO Science Team. Author N. K. acknowledges NASA Grant NNG06GI00G. The authors gratefully acknowledge the University of Wyoming Department of Atmospheric Sciences for access to visualization tools for their radiosonde archive, the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for access to their online GEMPAK data plotting software, and the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center for the CALIOP data used in this research. Special thanks are due to Cynthia Karengin at U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Monterey for help constructing each of the figures, and Robert Holz at the University of Wisconsin Madison for restoring and generating the GOES water vapor imagery. Edward Hyer, Thomas Lee and Elizabeth Reid at NRL Monterey assisted with editing. Finally, we are grateful for the very helpful comments received by two anonymous colleagues during peer review. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 46 BP 441 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.027 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871UM UT WOS:000298763200047 ER PT J AU Chisholm, K Dueger, E Fahmy, NT Samaha, HAT Zayed, A Abdel-Dayem, M Villinski, JT AF Chisholm, Katherine Dueger, Erica Fahmy, Nermeen T. Samaha, Hamed Abdel Tawab Zayed, Alia Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud Villinski, Jeffrey T. TI Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ticks from Imported Livestock, Egypt SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Chisholm, Katherine; Dueger, Erica; Fahmy, Nermeen T.; Zayed, Alia; Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud; Villinski, Jeffrey T.] US Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Dueger, Erica] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Samaha, Hamed Abdel Tawab] Minist Agr, Cairo, Egypt. RP Villinski, JT (reprint author), USN, Vector Biol Res Program, Med Res Unit, 3,PSC 452 Box 5000, Fpo, AE 09835 USA. EM jeff.villinski@med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud/0000-0002-6276-1740 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2012 VL 18 IS 1 BP 181 EP 182 DI 10.3201/eid1801.111071 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 874QK UT WOS:000298973000044 PM 22260737 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, Peter J. TI Innovating the Future: From Ideas to Adoption SO FUTURIST LA English DT Article C1 [Denning, Peter J.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Inst Informat Innovat, Monterey, CA USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Inst Informat Innovat, Monterey, CA USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD FUTURE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 7910 WOODMONT AVE, STE 450, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-3317 J9 FUTURIST JI Futurist PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 40 EP 45 PG 6 WC Social Issues SC Social Issues GA 857JY UT WOS:000297716000011 ER PT J AU Tadjer, MJ Anderson, TJ Hobart, KD Feygelson, TI Caldwell, JD Eddy, CR Kub, FJ Butler, JE Pate, B Melngailis, J AF Tadjer, Marko J. Anderson, Travis J. Hobart, Karl D. Feygelson, Tatyana I. Caldwell, Joshua D. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Kub, Fritz J. Butler, James E. Pate, Bradford Melngailis, John TI Reduced Self-Heating in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Using Nanocrystalline Diamond Heat-Spreading Films SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE AlGaN/GaN; heat spreading; nanocrystalline diamond; power switching ID TEMPERATURE; POWER; NANODIAMOND; DEVICES; RAMAN AB Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) thin films are deposited as a heat-spreading capping layer on AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices. Compared to a control sample, the NCD-capped HEMTs exhibited approximately 20% lower device temperature from 0.5 to 9 W/mm dc power device operation. Temperature measurements were performed by Raman thermography and verified by solving the 2-D heat equation within the device structure. NCD-capped HEMTs exhibited 1) improved carrier density N(S), sheet resistance R(SH); 2) stable Hall mobility mu(H) and threshold voltage V(T); and 3) degraded on-state resistance R(ON), contact resistance R(C), transconductance G(m), and breakdown voltage V(BR). C1 [Tadjer, Marko J.; Melngailis, John] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Anderson, Travis J.; Hobart, Karl D.; Caldwell, Joshua D.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Kub, Fritz J.; Butler, James E.; Pate, Bradford] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feygelson, Tatyana I.] SAIC Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tadjer, MJ (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM mtadjer@die.upm.es RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010; Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947; Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; ASEE FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and in part by the ASEE (T. J. Anderson). The review of this letter was arranged by Editor G. Meneghesso. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 46 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 33 IS 1 BP 23 EP 25 DI 10.1109/LED.2011.2171031 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 866KT UT WOS:000298380300007 ER PT J AU Diehl, JF Urick, VJ McDermitt, CS Bucholtz, F Devgan, PS Williams, KJ AF Diehl, John F. Urick, Vincent J. McDermitt, Christopher S. Bucholtz, Frank Devgan, Preetpaul S. Williams, Keith J. TI The Performance of a Fiber-Optic Link Using Unbiased Balanced Photodiodes for Antenna Array Calibration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Balanced photodiodes; microwave photonics; unbiased ID MICROWAVE PHOTODETECTORS; NONLINEARITIES AB A quadrature-biased dual-output Mach-Zehnder modulator is used to drive unbiased balanced photodiodes for use in antenna array applications. The RF gain is measured as a function of frequency and photocurrent. Balanced photodiode two-tone measurements at 6 GHz are compared with those of a single photodiode to show 26-dB suppression of the second-order distortion. This results in a second-order limited spur-free dynamic-range improvement of 12 dB. The phase error introduced in unbiased photodiodes is compared to that of the biased case to demonstrate that it would have minimal effect on the performance of the antenna array system. C1 [Diehl, John F.; Urick, Vincent J.; McDermitt, Christopher S.; Bucholtz, Frank; Devgan, Preetpaul S.; Williams, Keith J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Diehl, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.diehl@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2011.2175238 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 871RI UT WOS:000298755000021 ER PT J AU Motes, D Keena, J Womack, K Stefani, F Crawford, M AF Motes, D. Keena, J. Womack, K. Stefani, F. Crawford, M. TI Thermal Analysis of High-Energy Railgun Tests SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Railguns AB This paper describes temperature measurements made on the high-energy medium-caliber launcher at the Institute for Advanced Technology. Simulations performed in Maxwell 3-D and E-Physics showed that Joule heating from current diffusing into the rails accounts for most of the temperature rise in the conductors. Temporal skin effects increase thermal dissipation significantly over what would be expected by the ohmic losses under fully diffused conditions. Based on this analysis, Joule heating is the overwhelmingly dominant source of heating in low-speed tests. As the velocity of the armature increases, Joule heating remains the dominant source of heat; however, additional mechanisms-which may include frictional heating, arcing energy, aluminum deposition, and temperature-dependent properties-are required to more satisfactorily explain the temperature profile obtained. C1 [Motes, D.; Keena, J.; Stefani, F.; Crawford, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Adv Technol, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Keena, J.] USA, Washington, DC 20301 USA. [Womack, K.] USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Motes, D (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Adv Technol, Austin, TX 78759 USA. EM motes@iat.utexas.edu; keena@iat.utexas.edu; womack.kristofer@gmail.com; stefani@iat.utexas.edu; crawford@iat.utexas.edu FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory [W911QX-07-D-0002] FX The authors would like to thank M. Simmons, P. Snowden, J. Goutier, J. Hudson, and B. Hummel for their invaluable assistance during the experiments. The authors would like to also thank Dr. J. Mallick for his advice about the finite-element calculations. The research reported in this paper was performed in connection with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under Contract Number W911QX-07-D-0002. The views and conclusions contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as presenting the official policies or position, either expressed or implied, of the U. S. Army Research Laboratory or the U. S. Government unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of manufacturers or trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use thereof. The U. S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 40 IS 1 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1109/TPS.2011.2174375 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 874WY UT WOS:000298990000018 ER PT J AU Park, C Pattipati, KR An, WS Kleinman, DL AF Park, Chulwoo Pattipati, Krishna R. An, Woosun Kleinman, David L. TI Quantifying the Impact of Information and Organizational Structures via Distributed Auction Algorithm: Point-to-Point Communication Structure SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE Distributed auction algorithm; organizational design; partial information structure; point-to-point communication structure ID NORMATIVE DESIGN AB This paper presents how information and organizational structures with point-to-point communication structure impact team coordination in a distributed task-asset allocation problem. A key distinguishing characteristic of this problem is that each decision maker knows only a part of the weight matrix and/or controls a subset of the assets. Here, we extend the distributed algorithm developed for blackboard communication structure in another part of this work to the point-to-point communication structure. Our results indicate that edge organizations with horizontal and vertical information structures exhibit shorter delays than those with block diagonal and checkerboard information structures. We also showed how our findings can be applied effectively to mission planning of the Navy's maritime operations center. C1 [Park, Chulwoo; Pattipati, Krishna R.; An, Woosun] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Kleinman, David L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Park, C (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM chp06004@engr.uconn.edu; krishna@engr.uconn.edu; woa05001@engr.uconn.edu; dlkleinm@nps.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0062] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-09-1-0062. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor X. Wu. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 42 IS 1 BP 68 EP 86 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2011.2157139 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 865GM UT WOS:000298299000006 ER PT J AU Greenfield, VA Paoli, L AF Greenfield, Victoria A. Paoli, Letizia TI If supply-oriented drug policy is broken, can harm reduction help fix it? Melding disciplines and methods to advance international drug-control policy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material DE International drug-control policy; Drug supply; Harm reduction; Supply reduction; Risk assessment; Cost-benefit analysis ID UK AB Critics of the international drug-control regime contend that supply-oriented policy interventions are not just ineffective, but, in focusing almost exclusively on supply reduction, they also produce unintended adverse consequences. Evidence from the world heroin market supports their claims. The balance of the effects of policy is yet unknown, but the prospect of adverse consequences underlies a central paradox of contemporary supply-oriented policy. In this paper, we evaluate whether harm reduction, a subject of intense debate in the demand-oriented drug-policy community, can provide a unifying foundation for supply-oriented drug policy and speak more directly to policy goals. Our analysis rests on an extensive review of the literature on harm reduction and draws insight from other policy communities' disciplines and methods. First, we explore the paradoxes of supply-oriented policy that initially motivated our interest in harm reduction; second, we consider the conceptual and technical challenges that have contributed to the debate on harm reduction and assess their relevance to a supply-oriented application; third, we examine responses to those challenges, i.e., various tools (taxonomies, models, and measurement strategies), that can be used to identify, categorize, and assess harms. Despite substantial conceptual and technical challenges, we find that harm reduction can provide a basis for assessing the net consequences of supply-oriented drug policy, choosing more rigorously amongst policy options, and identifying new options. In addition, we outline a practical path forward for assessing harms and policy options. On the basis of our analysis, we suggest pursuing a harm-based approach and making a clearer distinction between supply-oriented and supply-reduction policy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Greenfield, Victoria A.] USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Paoli, Letizia] KU Leuven Fac Law, Leuven Inst Criminol, LINC, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. RP Greenfield, VA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM vag@usna.edu NR 69 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0955-3959 EI 1873-4758 J9 INT J DRUG POLICY JI Int. J. Drug Policy PD JAN PY 2012 VL 23 IS 1 BP 6 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.04.007 PG 10 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 867LC UT WOS:000298454900003 PM 21689918 ER PT J AU Houng, HSH Garner, J Zhou, YF Lyons, A Kuschner, R Deye, G St Clair, K Douce, RW Chicaiza, W Blair, PJ Myers, CA Burke, RL Sanchez, JL Williams, M Halsey, ES AF Houng, Huo-Shu H. Garner, Jason Zhou, Yanfei Lyons, Arthur Kuschner, Robert Deye, Gregory St Clair, Kristina Douce, Richard W. Chicaiza, Wilson Blair, Patrick J. Myers, Christopher A. Burke, Ronald L. Sanchez, Jose L. Williams, Maya Halsey, Eric S. TI Emergent 2009 influenza A(H1N1) viruses containing HA D222N mutation associated with severe clinical outcomes in the Americas SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2009 A(HINI); Influenza; Severe infections; D222N; HA receptor binding site ID RECEPTOR-BINDING; H5N1 VIRUSES; H1N1; HEMAGGLUTININ; VIRULENCE; SUBSTITUTION; INFECTION AB Background: During the 2010-2011 influenza season, a small sub-group of 2009 influenza A(H1N1) viruses (hereafter referred to as 2009 A(H1N1)) emerged that was associated with more severe clinical outcomes in Ecuador and North America. Genetically, the haemagglutinin (HA) of this sub-clade was distinct from HAs found in viruses associated with severe outbreaks in 2010 from the United Kingdom and from other global specimens isolated earlier in the season. Objective: We report the emergence of a novel 2009 A(H1N1) variant possessing a re-emergent HA D222N mutation obtained from patients with severe respiratory illnesses and phylogenetically characterise these D222N mutants with other severe disease-causing variants clustering within a common emerging sub-clade. Case reports: In early 2011, three cases of 2009 A(H1N1) infection, two from Quito, Ecuador, and one from Washington, DC, USA, were complicated by severe pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation, resulting in one fatality. These cases were selected due to the reported nature of the acute respiratory distress (ARD) that were captured in Department of Defence (DoD)-sponsored global influenza surveillance nets. Results: Genetically, the 2009 A(H1N1) strains isolated from two of the three severe cases carried a prominent amino acid change at position 222 (D222N) within the primary HA receptor binding site. Furthermore, these cases represent an emerging sub-clade of viruses defined by amino acid changes within HA: N31D, S162N, A186T and V272I. Phylogenetically, these viruses share a high degree of homology with strains associated with recent fatal cases in Chihuahua, Mexico. Discussion: Previously, enhanced virulence associated with the change, D222G, has been clinically linked to severe morbidity and mortality. Initial observations of the prevalence of a novel sub-clade of strains in the Americas suggest that viruses with a re-emergent D222N mutation may too correlate with severe clinical manifestations. These findings warrant heightened vigilance for emerging sub-clades of 2009 A(H1N1) and presumptive clinical implications. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Houng, Huo-Shu H.; Zhou, Yanfei; Lyons, Arthur; Kuschner, Robert; Deye, Gregory] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Garner, Jason] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Garner, Jason; Sanchez, Jose L.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [St Clair, Kristina] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Douce, Richard W.; Chicaiza, Wilson] Hosp Vozandes Quito, Quito, Ecuador. [Blair, Patrick J.; Myers, Christopher A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Burke, Ronald L.; Sanchez, Jose L.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Williams, Maya; Halsey, Eric S.] USN, Med Res Unit 6, Lima 205213230, Peru. RP Houng, HSH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM huo-shu.houng@amedd.army.mil RI Lyons, Arthur/B-8923-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Chicaiza-Ayala, Wilson/0000-0001-8639-698X FU United States Department of Defense [847705.82000.25GB.B0016] FX This study was funded by the United States Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Systems Research Program, Work Unit Number: 847705.82000.25GB.B0016. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 53 IS 1 BP 12 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.09.004 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 863DF UT WOS:000298142300003 PM 22036040 ER PT J AU Eng-Kulawy, JK Willis, M AF Eng-Kulawy, J. K. Willis, M. TI IMPROVEMENT IN JOINT MANIFESTATIONS IN A PATIENT WITH MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS TYPE 1 (MPS I) TREATED WITH ETANERCEPT SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting CY JAN 25-28, 2012 CL Carmel, CA C1 [Eng-Kulawy, J. K.; Willis, M.] NMCSD, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 869XV UT WOS:000298634401051 ER PT J AU Diclaro, JW Cohnstaedt, LW Pereira, RM Allan, SA Koehler, PG AF Diclaro, J. W., II Cohnstaedt, L. W. Pereira, R. M. Allan, S. A. Koehler, P. G. TI Behavioral and Physiological Response of Musca domestica to Colored Visual Targets SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE house fly; color vision; behavior response; electroretinogram; light tunnel assay ID STABLE FLIES DIPTERA; HOUSE-FLIES; MUSCIDAE; VISION; TRAPS; PERFORMANCE; DROSOPHILA; BLUE AB A better understanding of the visual attraction of house flies to colors and patterns is needed to improve fly trap performance. This study combined physiological responses measured with electroretinogram studies of the house fly's compound eyes and ocelli with behavioral attraction of flies to reflective colors and patterns in light tunnel assays. Compound eye and ocellar electroretinogram responses to reflected light were similar, with the largest responses to white and blue followed by yellow, red, green, and black. However, data from light tunnel behavioral assays showed that flies were attracted to white and blue light but were repelled by yellow. The addition of a black line pattern enhanced the attractiveness of blue visual targets, whereas yellow lines decreased attractiveness. Sensory input from the compound eye and the ocellus seems to be integrated to direct fly behavior. There is a direct correlation of house fly attractiveness to visual targets and the intensity of electrophysiological response, except for the yellow targets, which repel flies despite of intense electrophysiological response. C1 [Cohnstaedt, L. W.; Allan, S. A.] USN, Entomol Ctr Excellence, Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Diclaro, J. W., II; Pereira, R. M.; Koehler, P. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Diclaro, J. W., II] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Cohnstaedt, LW (reprint author), USN, Entomol Ctr Excellence, Air Stn, POB 43,Bldg 937, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. EM joseph.diclaro@med.navy.mil RI Pereira, Roberto/B-5008-2010 OI Pereira, Roberto/0000-0002-5618-7690 FU Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program FX We like to thank Mark Mitola along with the rest of the Urban Entomology Lab staff at the University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology department for their skill and countless hours devoted to these experiments. We would also like to express our appreciation to the Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program for financial support and the opportunity to conduct this research and the USDA-ARS Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology in Gainesville, FL, for the use of their equipment. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 40 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1603/ME10257 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 873SQ UT WOS:000298903700012 PM 22308776 ER PT J AU Joye, CD Calame, JP Nguyen, KT Garven, M AF Joye, Colin D. Calame, Jeffrey P. Nguyen, Khanh T. Garven, Morag TI Microfabrication of fine electron beam tunnels using UV-LIGA and embedded polymer monofilaments for vacuum electron devices SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SU-8; PHOTORESIST; AMPLIFIERS AB Vacuum electron devices require electron beams to be transported through hollow channels that pass through an electromagnetic slow-wave circuit. These electron 'beam tunnels' are shrinking toward sizes smaller than traditional techniques can manage as the operating frequencies push toward the THz. A novel technique is described and experimentally demonstrated that uses polymer monofilaments of arbitrary cross-sectional shape combined with ultraviolet photolithography (UV-LIGA) of SU-8 photoresists. This combination of monofilaments and SU-8 structures comprises a 3D mold around which copper is electroformed to produce high-quality beam tunnels of arbitrary length and size along with the electromagnetic circuits. True round beam tunnels needed for upper-millimeter wave and THz vacuum electron devices can now be fabricated in a single UV-LIGA step. These techniques are also relevant to microfluidic devices and other applications requiring very small, straight channels with aspect ratios of several hundred or more. C1 [Joye, Colin D.; Calame, Jeffrey P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Garven, Morag] SAIC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Joye, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6840, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM colin.joye@nrl.navy.mil FU US Office of Naval Research FX Funding for this work was provided by the US Office of Naval Research. The authors wish to acknowledge the work of Mr R E Myers for performing the brazing and substrate machining, Mr B S Albright for wire EDM of the substrates and precision wire guides, and Mr F N Wood for making the photolithographic masks. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 EI 1361-6439 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 AR 015010 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/22/1/015010 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 870IO UT WOS:000298662800011 ER PT J AU Kim, B Phamduy, P Sinibaldi, J Karunasiri, G AF Kim, B. Phamduy, P. Sinibaldi, J. Karunasiri, G. TI Characterization of a micromachined vertically deformable varying-pitch grating for a spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MEMS; INTERFEROMETER; MIRROR AB A new type of micromachined vertically deformable varying-pitch grating is designed and fabricated. Its characterization and its feasibility as a spectrometer are presented. The deformable grating shows a 0.7 mu m working range and 3.6 kHz bandwidth. Its characterization and its feasibility as a spectrometer are presented. The varying-pitch grating has the ability to detect an individual wavelength with a single detector by physical scanning. Its deformable capability can increase intensity and resolution at a specific wavelength. Those two capabilities are experimentally demonstrated. C1 [Kim, B.; Phamduy, P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Kim, B.] Univ Massachusetts, NSF Ctr High Rate Nanomfg, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Sinibaldi, J.; Karunasiri, G.] USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kim, B (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM byungki_kim@uml.edu OI Sinibaldi, Jose/0000-0002-9871-0590 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 22 IS 1 AR 015001 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/22/1/015001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 870IO UT WOS:000298662800002 ER PT J AU Andrews, JA Neises, KD AF Andrews, James A. Neises, Kameran D. TI Cells, biomarkers, and post-traumatic stress disorder: evidence for peripheral involvement in a central disease SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE biomarkers; PBMC; post-traumatic stress disorder; PTSD ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; ACTIVATED PARENCHYMAL MICROGLIA/MACROPHAGES; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; TNF-ALPHA; INFLAMMATION AB Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complicated CNS syndrome. Looking beyond the CNS, recent studies suggest that peripheral blood mononuclear cells could cause and/or exacerbate PTSD. This review summarizes the literature, describes associations between circulating peripheral blood cells and PTSD, proposes a novel mechanism, and analyzes several biomarkers that appear to associate with PTSD symptoms. Several experimental animal models have shown that peripheral blood mononuclear cell activity can cause hippocampal volume loss and PTSD-like symptoms. Data from these models suggest that a traumatic event and/or traumatic events can trigger peripheral cells to migrate, mediate inflammation, and decrease neurogenesis, potentially leading to CNS volume loss. Biomarkers that associate with PTSD symptoms have the potential to differentiate PTSD from traumatic brain injury, but more work needs to be done. Research examining the mechanism of how traumatic events are linked to peripheral blood mononuclear cell functions and biomarkers may offer improved diagnoses and treatments for PTSD patients. C1 [Andrews, James A.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept 166, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Andrews, JA (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept 166, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM james.andrews@med.navy.mil FU Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery [60818] FX Report No. 10-27 supported by the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury Program, under Work Unit No. 60818. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects. No human subjects were directly involved in this research. Special thanks to David Metzgar, PhD, for his assistance in preparation of this manuscript. NR 81 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 120 IS 1 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07545.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 861ZV UT WOS:000298060500004 PM 22017326 ER PT J AU Eliazar, II Shlesinger, MF AF Eliazar, Iddo I. Shlesinger, Michael F. TI Stochastic Flow Cascades SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Langevin equation; Convolution filters; Moving averages; Poisson processes; Retention times; Correlation differences; Heavy tails; Long-ranged correlations; Noah effect; Joseph effect; Robustness; Levy laws ID FRACTAL STREAM CHEMISTRY; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; ORNSTEIN-UHLENBECK; SHOT-NOISE; LEVY; TRANSPORT; LANGEVIN; DYNAMICS; DRIVEN; JOSEPH AB We introduce and explore a Stochastic Flow Cascade (SFC) model: A general statistical model for the unidirectional flow through a tandem array of heterogeneous filters. Examples include the flow of: (i) liquid through heterogeneous porous layers; (ii) shocks through tandem shot noise systems; (iii) signals through tandem communication filters. The SFC model combines together the Langevin equation, convolution filters and moving averages, and Poissonian randomizations. A comprehensive analysis of the SFC model is carried out, yielding closed-form results. L,vy laws are shown to universally emerge from the SFC model, and characterize both heavy tailed retention times (Noah effect) and long-ranged correlations (Joseph effect). C1 [Eliazar, Iddo I.] Holon Inst Technol, Dept Technol Management, IL-58102 Holon, Israel. [Shlesinger, Michael F.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Eliazar, II (reprint author), Holon Inst Technol, Dept Technol Management, POB 305, IL-58102 Holon, Israel. EM eliazar@post.tau.ac.il; mike.shlesinger@navy.mil NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 EI 1572-9613 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 146 IS 1 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s10955-011-0340-6 PG 24 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 866RX UT WOS:000298400900001 ER PT J AU Policastro, SA Auyeung, RCY Martin, FJ Rayne, RJ Pique, A Lewis, A Geltmacher, A Natishan, PM AF Policastro, S. A. Auyeung, R. C. Y. Martin, F. J. Rayne, R. J. Pique, A. Lewis, A. Geltmacher, A. Natishan, P. M. TI An Approach for Determining Microscale Electrochemical Behavior SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZED CORROSION AB A novel experimental technique for making electrochemical measurements on individual phase or isolated regions of a metal or alloy is reported. The technique, called Selective Masking by Photolithography (SMP), uses a hardened photoresist coating to mask the excluded portions of the sample and 355 nm laser pulses are employed to expose individual grains or regions of interest. The size of the exposed area can range from tens of microns to millimeters. Localized electrochemical DC and AC measurements and critical pitting temperature determinations for the two phases in a duplex stainless steel were used to show the utility and viability of SMP. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.008201jes] C1 [Policastro, S. A.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Auyeung, R. C. Y.; Pique, A.] USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Martin, F. J.; Natishan, P. M.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Corros Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rayne, R. J.; Lewis, A.; Geltmacher, A.] USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Policastro, SA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM sap8b@virginia.edu FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2012 VL 159 IS 1 BP C15 EP C24 DI 10.1149/2.008201jes PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 864PW UT WOS:000298253200025 ER PT J AU Dehghan, S Liu, EB Seto, J Torres, SF Hudson, NR Kajon, AE Metzgar, D Dyer, DW Chodosh, J Jones, MS Seto, D AF Dehghan, Shoaleh Liu, Elizabeth B. Seto, Jason Torres, Sarah F. Hudson, Nolan R. Kajon, Adriana E. Metzgar, David Dyer, David W. Chodosh, James Jones, Morris S. Seto, Donald TI Five Genome Sequences of Subspecies B1 Human Adenoviruses Associated with Acute Respiratory Disease SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; RECOMBINATION; INFECTION; GENE AB Five genomes of human subspecies B1 adenoviruses isolated from cases of acute respiratory disease have been sequenced and archived for reference. These include representatives of two prevalent genomic variants of HAdV-7, i.e., HAdV-7h and HAdV7d2. The other three are HAdV-3/16, HAdV-16 strain E26, and HAdV-3+7 strain Takeuchi. All are recombinant genomes. Genomics and bioinformatics provide detailed views into the genetic makeup of these pathogens and insight into their molecular evolution. Retrospective characterization of particularly problematic older pathogens such as HAdV-7h (1987) and intriguing isolates such as HAdV-3+7 strain Takeuchi (1958) may provide clues to their phenotypes and serology and may suggest protocols for prevention and treatment. C1 [Dehghan, Shoaleh; Liu, Elizabeth B.; Seto, Jason; Seto, Donald] George Mason Univ, Sch Syst Biol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Torres, Sarah F.; Hudson, Nolan R.] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Kajon, Adriana E.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Metzgar, David] USN, Dept Resp Dis Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Dyer, David W.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. [Chodosh, James] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol,Howe Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Jones, Morris S.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. RP Seto, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Syst Biol, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM dseto@gmu.edu RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU U.S. Public Health Service NIH [EY013124, P30EY014104]; Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc. FX This work was supported in part by U.S. Public Health Service NIH grants EY013124 (D. S., M.S.J., D. W. D., and J.C.) and P30EY014104 (J.C.). J.C. is also funded by an unrestricted grant to the Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 86 IS 1 BP 635 EP 636 DI 10.1128/JVI.06593-11 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 865YV UT WOS:000298347700066 PM 22158846 ER PT J AU Baker, C Kim, W Sanghera, J Goswami, R Villalobos, G Sadowski, B Aggarwal, I AF Baker, C. Kim, W. Sanghera, J. Goswami, R. Villalobos, G. Sadowski, B. Aggarwal, I. TI Flame spray synthesis of Lu2O3 nanoparticles SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; Optical materials and properties; Powder technology ID PYROLYSIS; POWDERS AB We have used a Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) technique to synthesize lutetium oxide (Lu2O3) nanoparticles from lutetium nitrate. Optical quality transparent ceramics were prepared via hot pressing of the Lu2O3 nanoparticles formed using the FSP technique. We present data demonstrating that the FSP system can be used to control the material phase of the nanoparticles by changing the O-2 dispersion gas flow rate. Different O-2 dispersion gas flow rates affect the particle residence time in the flame resulting in the formation of different nanoparticulate phases. Our work has led to the synthesis of a metastable phase of Lu2O3 which has never been reported using the FSP technique. Significantly, the presence of the metastable phase enables the ceramic powders to be hot pressed at lower temperatures resulting in smaller grain sizes, resulting in excellent optical quality Lu2O3 windows. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Baker, C.; Kim, W.; Sanghera, J.; Villalobos, G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Goswami, R.] SAIC, Mclain, VA 22102 USA. [Sadowski, B.; Aggarwal, I.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Baker, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5620,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM colin.baker@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 66 IS 1 BP 132 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2011.08.058 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 856RE UT WOS:000297660300039 ER PT J AU Kelly, KR Blaszczak, A Haus, JM Patrick-Melin, A Fealy, CE Solomon, TPJ Kalinski, MI Kirwan, JP AF Kelly, Karen R. Blaszczak, Alecia Haus, Jacob M. Patrick-Melin, Aimee Fealy, Ciaran E. Solomon, Thomas P. J. Kalinski, Michael I. Kirwan, John P. TI A 7-d Exercise Program Increases High-Molecular Weight Adiponectin in Obese Adults SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE LEPTIN; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LIPID OXIDATION; OBESITY; ADIPOKINES ID TYPE-2 DIABETIC-PATIENTS; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; PPAR-GAMMA; PLASMA ADIPONECTIN; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; METABOLIC VARIABLES; EXPRESSION AB KELLY, K. R., A. BLASZCZAK, J. M. HAUS, A. PATRICK-MELIN, C. E. FEALY, T. P. SOLOMON, M. I. KALINSKI, and J. P. KIRWAN. A 7-d Exercise Program Increases High-Molecular Weight Adiponectin in Obese Adults. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 69-74, 2012. Purpose: High-molecular weight(HMW) adiponectin is the biologically active form of adiponectin and is related to enhanced insulin sensitivity and metabolic function. Previously, we found that 7 d of exercise improves insulin sensitivity in obese subjects; however, whether short-term exercise training affects HMW adiponectin in obese persons is unknown. Methods: We examined the effect of seven consecutive days of supervised vigorous exercise (60 min center dot d(-1), 85% HRmax) on HMW adiponectin and leptin secretion in 17 obese individuals (age = 55 +/- 3 yr; body mass index = 33.7 +/- 0.9 kg center dot m(-2)). Insulin sensitivity was calculated from an oral glucose tolerance test (ISIOGTT) using the Matsuda Index. Fasting plasma HMW adiponectin and leptin were quantified from blood samples obtained before the ISIOGTT. Glucose and insulin measures were obtained before and every 30 min during the test. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to determine body composition, and indirect calorimetry was used to assess fat oxidation. Results: After the intervention, there was a significant increase in HMW adiponectin (3202 +/- 543 vs 3878 +/- 682 ng center dot mL(-1), P = 0.02) and a decrease in leptin (36.8 +/- 5.1 vs 31.1 +/- 4.2 mu g center dot mL(-1), P = 0.03). Further, we observed an increase in ISIOGTT (1.7 +/- 0.3 vs 2.1 +/- 0.3, P = 0.04) and a decrease in glucose area under the curve (30,871 +/- 2105 vs 28,469 +/- 1657 mg center dot dL(-1) for 3 h, P = 0.01). The increase in HMW adiponectin was positively associated with the increase in basal fat oxidation (r = 0.57, P = 0.03), consistent with an improvement in adipose tissue metabolic function. Conclusions: The data suggest that 7 d of exercise is sufficient not only to improve insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation but also to favorably alter adipokine secretion, independent of changes in body weight or composition. C1 [Kelly, Karen R.; Haus, Jacob M.; Patrick-Melin, Aimee; Fealy, Ciaran E.; Solomon, Thomas P. J.; Kirwan, John P.] Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Pathobiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Kelly, Karen R.; Blaszczak, Alecia; Kirwan, John P.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Nutr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Kelly, Karen R.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Warfighter Performance, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Haus, Jacob M.; Kirwan, John P.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Patrick-Melin, Aimee; Kalinski, Michael I.] Kent State Univ, Coll Educ Hlth & Human Serv, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Kirwan, John P.] Cleveland Clin, Dept Gastroenterol Hepatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Kirwan, JP (reprint author), Cleveland Clin, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Pathobiol, 9500 Euclid Ave,NE-40, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM kirwanj@ccf.org OI Haus, Jacob/0000-0002-8048-2470 FU National Institutes of Health [RO1 AG12834, T32 DK007319, T32 HL007887-05]; National Institutes of Health National Center for Research Resources, Cleveland [1UL1RR024989] FX This research was supported by a National Institutes of Health grant RO1 AG12834 (J.P.K.) and was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health National Center for Research Resources, 1UL1RR024989, Cleveland, OH. K.R.K. and J.M.H. were supported by National Institutes of Health grants T32 DK007319 and T32 HL007887-05, respectively. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0195-9131 EI 1530-0315 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 44 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318228bf85 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 866JT UT WOS:000298377400009 PM 21685815 ER PT J AU Madison, J Spowart, JE Rowenhorst, DJ Aagesen, LK Thornton, K Pollock, TM AF Madison, J. Spowart, J. E. Rowenhorst, D. J. Aagesen, L. K. Thornton, K. Pollock, T. M. TI Fluid Flow and Defect Formation in the Three-Dimensional Dendritic Structure of Nickel-Based Single Crystals SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; INTERDENDRITIC LIQUID; FRECKLE FORMATION; SN ALLOYS; PERMEABILITY; SUPERALLOYS; CONVECTION; MACROSEGREGATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; DENSITIES AB Fluid flow within the dendritic structure at the solid-liquid interface in nickel-based superalloys has been studied in two directionally solidified alloy systems. Millimeter-scale, three-dimensional (3D) datasets of dendritic structure have been collected by serial sectioning, and the reconstructed mushy zones have been used as domains for fluid-flow modeling. Flow permeability and the influence of dendritic structure on flow patterns have been investigated. Permeability analyses indicate that the cross flow normal to the withdrawal direction limits the development of flow instabilities. Local Rayleigh numbers calculated using the permeabilities extracted from the 3D dataset are higher than predicted by conventional empirical calculations in the regions of the mushy zone that are prone to the onset of convective instabilities. The ability to measure dendrite surface area in 3D volumes permit improved prediction of permeability as well. C1 [Madison, J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Spowart, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rowenhorst, D. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aagesen, L. K.; Thornton, K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pollock, T. M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Madison, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci & Engn Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jdmadis@sandia.gov RI Aagesen, Larry/B-6950-2017; OI Aagesen, Larry/0000-0003-4936-676X; /0000-0002-1227-5293 FU Lockheed Martin Corporation; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; PCC Airfoils, Inc.; AFOSR MEANS-II [FA9550-05-1-0104]; NSF [0746424] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors are grateful for the technical assistance of C. Torbet, UCSB, as well as support from T. Van Vranken and L. Graham of PCC Airfoils, Inc. The authors have also benefited from useful discussions with C. Beckermann, D. Poirier, P. Voorhees, and J. Dvorkin. The authors also thank C. Woodward, D. Trinkle, and Mark Asta for ab initio MD liquidus density calculations. The financial support of the AFOSR MEANS-II Program Grant No. FA9550-05-1-0104 is acknowledged and K. Thornton also acknowledges the support of NSF under Grant No. 0746424. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 43A IS 1 BP 369 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s11661-011-0823-8 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 865SF UT WOS:000298329900034 ER PT J AU Pellegrino, JA Ritchie, JV Craig, TA AF Pellegrino, Jane A. Ritchie, James V. Craig, Thomas A. TI Deployed Electronic Medical Reference SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EDUCATION; TEXTBOOKS AB Deployed medical professionals often do not have adequate access to medical reference materials. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility and perceived benefit of providing reference materials in electronic format to deployed personnel. Prototype e-readers were provided to five physicians deploying to Afghanistan over a 6-month period from September 2009 to March 2010. Selected medical textbooks were converted to electronic format and provided to the physicians via the e-readers. The subjects later completed a questionnaire regarding their experience with the e-readers. Physicians with Internet access were able to reliably download additional content to their e-readers while deployed, although downloading was usually slow. Texts were used for a variety of purposes and could be read in most lighting conditions. The e-readers were easy to navigate, but lacked adequate search functions. The e-readers were adequately durable and were easily transported by the individual. Overall, e-textbooks were valuable to the physicians in this study. However, opportunities for improvement include increasing the availability of textbooks in appropriate electronic format, simplifying distribution, and building an index and search functions within e-texts. C1 [Pellegrino, Jane A.; Ritchie, James V.; Craig, Thomas A.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Pellegrino, JA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 177 IS 1 BP 32 EP 35 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 874RP UT WOS:000298976100009 PM 22338976 ER PT J AU Sams, R LaBrie, DW Norris, J Schauer, J Frantz, E AF Sams, Richard LaBrie, D. Walter Norris, Jacob Schauer, Judy Frantz, Earl TI IED Blast Postconcussive Syncope and Autonomic Dysregulation SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; CONCUSSION; SEVERITY; IRAQ AB Concussions are the most frequent battle injury sustained in Afghanistan. The Concussion Restoration Care Center provides multidisciplinary care to concussed service members in theater. The Concussion Restoration Care Center has managed over 500 concussions, the majority being from improvised explosive device (LED) blasts. Syncope following a concussion without a loss of consciousness is rarely reported in the literature. The pathophysiology of concussion from a blast injury may be distinct from a concussion secondary to blunt trauma. Two cases of syncope following concussions with an alteration of consciousness are presented, and a mechanism of action is proposed. Post-IED blast concussive symptom frequency at initial presentation on a cohort of patients is reported, with 1.3% of patients experiencing postconcussive syncope. Syncope following an IED blast may be related to centrally mediated autonomic dysregulation at the brain stem level. Syncope should be added to the list of possible symptoms that occur following concussions, in particular concussions following a blast injury. C1 [Sams, Richard] USN, Hosp Jacksonville, Dept Family Med, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. [LaBrie, D. Walter] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Norris, Jacob] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Schauer, Judy] USN, Med Clin, Basic Sch, Quantico, VA 22134 USA. [Frantz, Earl] USN, Hosp Camp Lejeune, Sports Med Dept, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547 USA. RP Sams, R (reprint author), USN, Hosp Jacksonville, Dept Family Med, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 177 IS 1 BP 48 EP 51 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 874RP UT WOS:000298976100012 PM 22338979 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Moralez, JF Chester, LL Mohamad, P Weber, TH AF Arfsten, Darryl P. Moralez, Joe F., II Chester, Linnes L., Jr. Mohamad, Pir Weber, Timothy H. TI Drug Use Among the Afghanistan National Police: A National Assessment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The Afghanistan Ministry of Interior (Mol) conducted nationwide urinary drug screening of Afghanistan National Police (ANP) officers for tetrahydrocannabinol, opiates, d-Methamphetamine, and benzoylecgonine-commonly referred to as cocaine-between November 2009 and July 2010. The testing was accomplished in concert with the Mol's Personnel Asset Inventory. ANP members used standardized kits from the United States. Of the 100,518 ANP tested, 9% (9,034) were positive for at least one of the target drugs: 80.5% (7,269) screened positive for tetrahydrocannabinol, 15.5% (1,399) for opiates, 2.5% (226) for d-Methamphetamine, and 1.5% (140) for benzoylecgonine. The drug-positive rate for ANP decreased from a high of 21% in November 2009 to 4% in June 2010 (p <= 0.001), suggesting that the newly established Mol antidrug policy and drug screening may have discouraged drug use among ANP officers. The Mol needs to continue to educate its officers on the antidrug policy, improve drug testing procedures, and take appropriate disciplinary action against offenders in order to continue to improve the effectiveness of its nascent antidrug actions. C1 [Arfsten, Darryl P.] 3D Marine Logist Grp, FPO, AP 96604, Japan. [Moralez, Joe F., II] USN, Training Ctr, Ind Hyg Dept, Branch Med Clin, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Mohamad, Pir] Afghanistan Natl Police Hosp, Cent Facil, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Weber, Timothy H.] Skyline Six, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), 3D Marine Logist Grp, Combat Logist Regiment 37,Unit 38404, FPO, AP 96604, Japan. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 177 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 874RP UT WOS:000298976100019 PM 22338986 ER PT J AU McMahon, DP Ward, WH Harwood, JL Moore, EM AF McMahon, Daniel P. Ward, William H. Harwood, Jared L. Moore, Erin M. TI An Institutional Review of Splenic Artery Aneurysm in Childbearing-Aged Females and Splenic Artery Aneurysm Rupture During Pregnancy. Is Screening Justified? SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review AB Objective: To determine the prevalence of splenic artery aneurysm (SAA) in women of childbearing age and the incidence of peripartum rupture to ascertain a possible benefit of screening this potentially high-risk population. Methods: Patients diagnosed with SAA over a 6-year period were collected from a single institutional medical records database. Inclusion criteria included female gender and age between 15 and 49 years. The number of abdominal computed tomography studies performed on our study population during the study period was compared to the number of detected SAAs. The number of deliveries at our institution during the study period was compared to the number of peripartum SAA ruptures. The resultant data were used to calculate the prevalence of SAA in childbearing-aged females and the incidence of SAA rupture during pregnancy. Results: The prevalence of SAA in childbearing-aged females and incidence of rupture during pregnancy were less than 0.1%. Conclusion: Radiologic screening of all childbearing-aged females is not warranted, but identification of those at greater risk of harboring an asymptomatic SAA, along with the early institution of treatment according to current guidelines, may prevent maternal and fetal mortality in the rare event of SAA rupture during pregnancy. C1 [McMahon, Daniel P.; Ward, William H.; Harwood, Jared L.; Moore, Erin M.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Vasc Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP McMahon, DP (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Vasc Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 177 IS 1 BP 96 EP 98 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 874RP UT WOS:000298976100021 PM 22338988 ER PT J AU Lock, EH Baraket, M Laskoski, M Mulvaney, SP Lee, WK Sheehan, PE Hines, DR Robinson, JT Tosado, J Fuhrer, MS Hernandez, SC Waltont, SG AF Lock, Evgeniya H. Baraket, Mira Laskoski, Matthew Mulvaney, Shawn P. Lee, Woo K. Sheehan, Paul E. Hines, Daniel R. Robinson, Jeremy T. Tosado, Jacob Fuhrer, Michael S. Hernandez, Sandra C. Waltont, Scott G. TI High-Quality Uniform Dry Transfer of Graphene to Polymers SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; transfer print; polystyrene; Raman spectroscopy ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; FILMS; IMMOBILIZATION; TRANSISTORS AB In this paper we demonstrate high-quality, uniform dry transfer of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition on copper foil to polystyrene. The dry transfer exploits an azide linker molecule to establish a covalent bond to graphene and to generate greater graphene-polymer adhesion compared to that of the graphene-metal foil. Thus, this transfer approach provides a novel alternative route for graphene transfer, which allows for the metal foils to be reused. C1 [Lock, Evgeniya H.; Baraket, Mira; Hernandez, Sandra C.; Waltont, Scott G.] USN, Plasma Phys Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Laskoski, Matthew; Mulvaney, Shawn P.; Lee, Woo K.; Sheehan, Paul E.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hines, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Robinson, Jeremy T.] USN, Div Elect, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tosado, Jacob; Fuhrer, Michael S.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lock, EH (reprint author), USN, Plasma Phys Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM evgeniya.lock@nrl.navy.mil RI Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010; Hernandez, Sandra/C-6724-2013; Fuhrer, Michael/E-7634-2010; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Fuhrer, Michael/0000-0001-6183-2773; Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Program; NRL/NRC; Laboratory for Physical Sciences [DMR 05-20471]; NRL/NRC Postdoctoral Research Associates. FX We thank W.E. Amatucci for the images of graphene on Si wafers and D. K. Gaskill and V. D. Wheeler for the use of the Hall Probe measurements system. The work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. M.B. and S.C.H. are grateful for the NRL/NRC Postgraduate research fellowship. J.T. and M.S.F. acknowledge support from the Laboratory for Physical Sciences and use of the UMD-MRSEC Shared Equipment Facilities under Grant DMR 05-20471. M.B. and S.C.H are NRL/NRC Postdoctoral Research Associates. NR 26 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 8 U2 132 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1021/nl203058s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100018 PM 22128775 ER PT J AU Chiggiato, J Jarosz, E Book, JW Dykes, J Torrisi, L Poulain, PM Gerin, R Horstmann, J Besiktepe, S AF Chiggiato, Jacopo Jarosz, Ewa Book, Jeffrey W. Dykes, James Torrisi, Lucio Poulain, Pierre-Marie Gerin, Riccardo Horstmann, Jochen Besiktepe, Sukru TI Dynamics of the circulation in the Sea of Marmara: numerical modeling experiments and observations from the Turkish straits system experiment SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Sea of Marmara; Strait of Istanbul; Bosphorus; Numerical ocean modeling; Coastal ocean circulation; Upwelling dynamics; ROMS ocean model ID CLIMATOLOGY; POLLUTION; EXPLICIT; SURFACE AB During September 2008 and February 2009, the NR/V Alliance extensively sampled the waters of the Sea of Marmara within the framework of the Turkish Straits System (TSS) experiment coordinated by the NATO Undersea Research Centre. The observational effort provided an opportunity to set up realistic numerical experiments for modeling the observed variability of the Marmara Sea upper layer circulation at mesoscale resolution over the entire basin during the trial period, complementing relevant features and forcing factors revealed by numerical model results with information acquired from in situ and remote sensing datasets. Numerical model solutions from realistic runs using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) produce a general circulation in the Sea of Marmara that is consistent with previous knowledge of the circulation drawn from past hydrographic measurements, with a westward meandering current associated with a recurrent large anticyclone. Additional idealized numerical experiments illuminate the role various dynamics play in determining the Sea of Marmara circulation and pycnocline structure. Both the wind curl and the strait flows are found to strongly influence the strength and location of the main mesoscale features. Large displacements of the pycnocline depth were observed during the sea trials. These displacements can be interpreted as storm-driven upwelling/downwelling dynamics associated with northeasterly winds; however, lateral advection associated with flow from the Straits also played a role in some displacements. C1 [Chiggiato, Jacopo; Horstmann, Jochen; Besiktepe, Sukru] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. [Jarosz, Ewa; Book, Jeffrey W.; Dykes, James] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Torrisi, Lucio] Italian Natl Meteorol Serv, CNMCA, Rome, Italy. [Poulain, Pierre-Marie; Gerin, Riccardo] Ist Nazl Oceanog & Geofis Sperimentale, Trieste, Italy. [Besiktepe, Sukru] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Inst Marine Sci & Technol, Izmir, Turkey. RP Chiggiato, J (reprint author), NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. EM chiggiato@nurc.nato.int RI Besiktepe, Sukru/L-2272-2013; OI Besiktepe, Sukru/0000-0002-9615-4746; Gerin, Riccardo/0000-0002-9788-0803; Poulain, Pierre-Marie/0000-0003-1342-8463; Chiggiato, Jacopo/0000-0002-0998-6473 FU North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Office of Naval Research [0601153N, 0602435N, N000140810943] FX This work was performed at NURC and funded by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. All people who contributed to the observational effort during the TSS08 and TSS09 field experiments are deeply acknowledged, as well as the Turkish Navy Office of Navigation, Hydrography and Oceanography and the crew of the NR/V Alliance. The work of E. Jarosz and J.W. Book was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 0601153N. The work of J. Dykes was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 0602435N. P.-M. Poulain and R. Gerin acknowledge the Office of Naval Research grant N000140810943. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 62 IS 1 BP 139 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s10236-011-0485-5 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 875LH UT WOS:000299030900010 ER PT J AU Stout, NL Pfalzer, LA Springer, B Levy, E McGarvey, CL Danoff, JV Gerber, LH Soballe, PW AF Stout, Nicole L. Pfalzer, Lucinda A. Springer, Barbara Levy, Ellen McGarvey, Charles L. Danoff, Jerome V. Gerber, Lynn H. Soballe, Peter W. TI Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Comparing Direct Costs of a Prospective Surveillance Model and a Traditional Model of Care SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT ENABLES; AXILLARY NODE DISSECTION; CLINICAL-TRIALS; RADICAL-MASTECTOMY; SHOULDER FUNCTION; EARLY-DIAGNOSIS; ARM EDEMA; SURGERY; REHABILITATION AB Secondary prevention involves monitoring and screening to prevent negative sequelae from chronic diseases such as cancer. Breast cancer treatment sequelae, such as lymphedema, may occur early or late and often negatively affect function. Secondary prevention through prospective physical therapy surveillance aids in early identification and treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Early intervention may reduce the need for intensive rehabilitation and may be cost saving. This perspective article compares a prospective surveillance model with a traditional model of impairment-based care and examines direct treatment costs associated with each program. Intervention and supply costs were estimated based on the Medicare 2009 physician fee schedule for 2 groups: (1) a prospective surveillance model group (PSM group) and (2) a traditional model group (TM group). The PSM group comprised all women with breast cancer who were receiving interval prospective surveillance, assuming that one third would develop early-stage BCRL. The prospective surveillance model includes the cost of screening all women plus the cost of intervention for early-stage BCRL. The TM group comprised women referred for BCRL treatment using a traditional model of referral based on late-stage lymphedema. The traditional model cost includes the direct cost of treating patients with advanced-stage lymphedema. The cost to manage early-stage BCRL per patient per year using a prospective surveillance model is $636.19. The cost to manage late-stage BCRL per patient per year using a traditional model is $3,124.92. The prospective surveillance model is emerging as the standard of care in breast cancer treatment and is a potential cost-saving mechanism for BCRL treatment. Further analysis of indirect costs and utility is necessary to assess cost-effectiveness. A shift in the paradigm of physical therapy toward a prospective surveillance model is warranted. C1 [Stout, Nicole L.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Breast Care Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Pfalzer, Lucinda A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys Therapy, Flint, MI 48503 USA. [Springer, Barbara] Off Surg Gen, Proponency Off Rehabil & Reintegrat, Falls Church, VA USA. [Levy, Ellen] NIH, Dept Rehabil Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [McGarvey, Charles L.] CLM Consulting, Rockville, MD USA. [Danoff, Jerome V.] NIH, Dept Rehabil Med, Washington, DC USA. [Danoff, Jerome V.] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Gerber, Lynn H.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Soballe, Peter W.] USN Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Stout, NL (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Breast Care Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave,Bldg 10,4 W, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM nicole.stout@med.navy.mil FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 82 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 EI 1538-6724 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 92 IS 1 BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.2522/ptj.20100167 PG 12 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 870AS UT WOS:000298642100014 PM 21921254 ER PT J AU Fleming, B AF Fleming, Bruce TI The Service Academies: Eminent Victorians SO SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Acad, Dept English 12B, Annapolis, MD 20402 USA. RP Fleming, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept English 12B, Annapolis, MD 20402 USA. EM fleming@usna.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0147-2011 J9 SOCIETY JI Society PD JAN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s12115-011-9497-5 PG 10 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 866NU UT WOS:000298388600001 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Padilla, GA Stanfill, KE Markham, AE Khosravi, JY Dialward, MD Koehler, MM AF Taylor, Marcus K. Padilla, Genieleah A. Stanfill, Katherine E. Markham, Amanda E. Khosravi, Jasmine Y. Dialward, Michael D. Koehler, Matthew M. TI Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation during stressful military training: A randomized, controlled, double-blind field study SO STRESS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON THE BIOLOGY OF STRESS LA English DT Article DE Cortisol; dehydroepiandrosterone; dissociation; impact of event; survival; testosterone ID PLASMA DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; OBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE; NEUROACTIVE STEROIDS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; CORTISOL-LEVELS; SULFATE DHEAS; ELDERLY-MEN; WOMEN AB Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) are anabolic prehormones involved in the synthesis of testosterone. Both have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects during stress. In this randomized, controlled, double-blind field study, we examined the effects of a 12-day DHEA regimen on stress indices in military men undergoing survival training. Forty-eight men were randomized to either a DHEA treatment group or placebo control group. The treatment group received 50 mg of oral DHEA supplementation daily for 5 days during classroom training followed by 7 days of 75 mg during stressful field operations. Control subjects received identical placebo pills. Salivary assays (DHEA[S], testosterone, and cortisol) were conducted at four time points: distal pre-stress (T1), proximal pre-stress (T2), mock-captivity stress (T3), and 24 h recovery (T4). Subjective distress was also assessed at T1, T3, and T4. As expected, DHEA treatment resulted in higher salivary concentrations of DHEA and DHEAS during daily living, mock-captivity stress, and recovery. Similar patterns were observed for salivary markers of anabolic balance: DHEA/cortisol, DHEAS/cortisol, and testosterone/cortisol concentration ratios. Despite notable time effects, no group differences emerged for subjective distress. A brief, low dose DHEA regimen yielded large increases in salivary DHEA(S) concentrations and enhanced anabolic balance throughout sustained military stress. These physiological changes did not extrapolate to subjective distress. C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.; Khosravi, Jasmine Y.] USN, Operat Stress & Resilience Program, Aeromed Res Directorate, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. [Padilla, Genieleah A.; Stanfill, Katherine E.; Markham, Amanda E.] USN, Dept Warfighter Performance 162, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Dialward, Michael D.; Koehler, Matthew M.] Ctr Secur Forces Detachment N Isl, San Diego, CA USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), USN, Operat Stress & Resilience Program, Aeromed Res Directorate, Aerosp Med Res Lab, 280 Fred Bauer St, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM marc.taylor@med.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This study was supported by a grant from the Office of Naval Research Force Health Protection Program. Appreciation is extended to students and staff at Center for Security Forces-Detachment North Island for "training the best for the worst". We appreciate Mrs. Renee Kotch for editorial assistance, as well as Drs. Nicole Maninger and Owen Wolkowitz for so graciously sharing their subject matter expertise. Finally, we wish to thank Dr. Charles "Andy" Morgan III for his pioneering military stress research and his expert guidance. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1025-3890 J9 STRESS JI Stress PD JAN PY 2012 VL 15 IS 1 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.3109/10253890.2011.585189 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 861UE UT WOS:000298043900009 PM 21790446 ER PT J AU Chang, YC Chen, GY Tseng, RS Chu, PC AF Chang, Yu-Chia Chen, Guan-Yu Tseng, Ruo-Shan Chu, Peter C. TI Effect of Cylindrically Shaped Atoll on Westward-Propagating Anticyclonic Eddy-A Case Study SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Deformation; Dongsha atoll; eddy; split ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; MESOSCALE EDDIES AB Mesoscale anticyclonic eddies occasionally propagate westward across the Dongsha atoll situated on the continental slope in the northern South China Sea (SCS). Satellite observations of this phenomenon are used to identify eddy weakening and deforming. Stronger anticyclonic eddies are weakening within a distance of 30-120 km from the atoll. A weaker anticyclone with an eddy diameter of 120 km, a sea-level slope of 8.3 x 10(-8), a Reynolds number of 17, and a slow moving speed (2.5 km/d) in the SCS can be split into two smaller eddies. C1 [Chang, Yu-Chia; Chen, Guan-Yu; Tseng, Ruo-Shan] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Asia Pacific Ocean Res Ctr, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. [Chu, Peter C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chang, YC (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Asia Pacific Ocean Res Ctr, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. EM yuchiachang2005@yahoo.com.tw; guanyu@faculty.nsysu.edu.tw; rstseng@mail.nsysu.edu.tw; pcchu@nps.edu FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC99-2611-M-110-011] FX Manuscript received November 7, 2010; revised February 16, 2011 and April 20, 2011; accepted May 17, 2011. Date of publication July 7, 2011; date of current version December 23, 2011. This work was supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan under Contract NSC99-2611-M-110-011. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 9 IS 1 BP 43 EP 46 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2011.2159298 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 866KY UT WOS:000298380800009 ER PT J AU Stevens, K Stojadinovic, A Helou, LB Solomon, NP Howard, RS Shriver, CD Buckenmaier, CC Henry, LR AF Stevens, Kristin Stojadinovic, Alexander Helou, Leah B. Solomon, Nancy P. Howard, Robin S. Shriver, Craig D. Buckenmaier, Chester C. Henry, Leonard R. TI The impact of recurrent laryngeal neuromonitoring on multi-dimensional voice outcomes following thyroid surgery SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE voice; thyroidectomy; neuromonitoring ID NERVE INJURY; SEVERITY INDEX; RISK; PREVALENCE; PARALYSIS; DISEASE AB Background Voice changes after thyroidectomy are common but not always related to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. We evaluated if RLN neuromonitoring correlated with non-RLN injury-related changes in voice after thyroidectomy. Methods: Prospective multi-dimensional voice assessment was conducted on patients undergoing thyroidectomy before, 1-4 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively. Voice outcome (VO) was determined as normal (NormVO) or negative (NegVO) based upon combinations of patient-reported symptoms, videolaryngoscopy, a composite of acoustic measurements, and clinician-perceived voice quality. Groups with and without neuromonitoring were compared for early and durable differences in VO. Results: Ninety-one patients underwent thyroidectomy; 39 with RLN neuromonitoring and 52 without. The two study groups were similar with regard to baseline characteristics including voice assessment. There was no difference in NegVO between neuromonitored and nonmonitored patients at 1-4 weeks (n = 89; 32% vs. 27%; P = 0.81) and 6 months (n = 71, 14% vs. 7%; P = 0.42) after thyroidectomy. Neuromonitoring was associated with a 48-min increase in median operative time, but this finding was not statistically significant in a multivariate model. Conclusion: In this study, recurrent laryngeal neuromonitoring did not appear to influence non-RLN injury related VO as measured by a comprehensive multidimensional voice assessment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:4-9. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Henry, Leonard R.] Indiana Univ Hlth, Goshen Ctr Canc Care, Goshen, IN 46526 USA. [Stevens, Kristin] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Stevens, Kristin] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Stojadinovic, Alexander] US Mil Canc Inst, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC USA. [Shriver, Craig D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Helou, Leah B.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Solomon, Nancy P.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Howard, Robin S.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Biostat Sect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Buckenmaier, Chester C.] USA, Reg Anesthesia & Pain Management Initiat, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Henry, LR (reprint author), Indiana Univ Hlth, Goshen Ctr Canc Care, 200 High Pk Ave, Goshen, IN 46526 USA. EM lhenry@iuhealth.org FU The Department of the Army Congressional Program; Army Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management Initiative FX The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policy or position of the US Navy, US Army, Department of Defense, or the US Government. The data presented here come from a prospective longitudinal trial which has resulted in multiple prior publications. The Department of the Army Congressional Program Grant, Army Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management Initiative provided partial support for this research. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-4790 J9 J SURG ONCOL JI J. Surg. Oncol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 105 IS 1 BP 4 EP 9 DI 10.1002/jso.22063 PG 6 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 860MP UT WOS:000297952700002 PM 21882195 ER PT J AU Chalenski, DA Gilgenbach, RM Lau, YY Patel, S Steiner, A Yager-Eliorraga, D Rittersdorf, I Weiss, M Franzi, M Zhang, P Zier, J AF Chalenski, David A. Gilgenbach, Ronald M. Lau, Yue-Ying Patel, Sonal Steiner, Adam Yager-Eliorraga, David Rittersdorf, Ian Weiss, Matthew Franzi, Matthew Zhang, Peng Zier, Jacob BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI Seeded Magneto Rayleigh-Taylor Instability Driven by a 1-MA Linear Transformer Driver SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE Magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability; z-pinch; plasma physics; pulsed power; linear transformer driver ID FAST Z-PINCHES; FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATION; TARGET FUSION; PHYSICS; PLASMA AB Experimental, theoretical and simulation research investigations are underway on the Magneto Rayleigh-Taylor instability driven by the Mega Ampere Linear Transformer Driver at the University of Michigan. Since the Linear Transformer Driver operates at 100-kV output, inductance minimization was crucial in design of the coaxial and radial magnetically insulated transmission line that transmits power to the load. Experiments ablate a 400 nm-thick, 1 cm wide, planar, aluminum foil located between two parallel-plate anodes. The initial position of the foil relative to the anodes controls the foil-plasma acceleration. Laser-micromachined, periodic hole patterns on foils are utilized to seed the wavelength of Magneto Rayleigh-Taylor growth. Sub-ns laser shadowgraphy diagnoses the instability growth at the edges of the ablation plasma. Early instability is believed to originate from the Electro-Thermal instability. Later exponential growth rates have been measured whose trends are consistent with Magneto Rayleigh Taylor theory. As expected, the fastest Magneto Rayleigh-Taylor growth rate corresponds to the largest foil-plasma acceleration. Effects of magnetic shear on Magneto Rayleigh-Taylor growth have been predicted theoretically. C1 [Chalenski, David A.; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.; Lau, Yue-Ying; Patel, Sonal; Steiner, Adam; Yager-Eliorraga, David; Rittersdorf, Ian; Weiss, Matthew; Franzi, Matthew; Zhang, Peng] Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zier, Jacob] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chalenski, DA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU DoE; NSF; US DoE through Sandia National Labs [767581, 240985, 76822]; US DoE's NNSA [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; NPSC fellowships; Sandia FX Research supported by DoE, NSF, and US DoE through Sandia National Labs award numbers 767581, 240985 and 76822 to the U of Michigan. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US DoE's NNSA under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Jacob Zier and Sonal Patel were supported by NPSC fellowships with Sandia support. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600041 ER PT S AU Zhang, JX Liu, Y Auguston, M Sun, J Dong, JS AF Zhang, Jiexin Liu, Yang Auguston, Mikhail Sun, Jun Dong, Jin Song BE Leung, KRPH Muenchaisri, P TI Using Monterey Phoenix to Formalize and Verify System Architectures SO 2012 19TH ASIA-PACIFIC SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (APSEC), VOL 1 SE Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC) CY DEC 04-07, 2012 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Hong Kong Sect Comp Soc Chapter, ACM Hong Kong Chapter, IEEE Comp Soc ID SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES; MODEL; CSP AB Modeling and analyzing software architectures are useful for helping to understand the system structures and facilitate proper implementation of user requirements. Despite its importance in the software engineering practice, the lack of formal description and verification support hinders the development of quality architectural models. In this work, we develop an approach for modeling and verifying software architectures specified using Monterey Phoenix (MP) architecture description language. Firstly, we formalize the syntax and operational semantics for MP. This language is capable of modeling system and environment behaviors based on event traces, as well as supporting different architecture composition operations and views. Secondly, a dedicated model checker for MP is developed based on PAT verification framework. Finally, several case studies are presented to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of our approach. C1 [Zhang, Jiexin; Dong, Jin Song] Natl Univ Singapore, Sch Comp, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Zhang, Jiexin; Liu, Yang] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Comp Engn, Singapore, Singapore. [Auguston, Mikhail] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. [Sun, Jun] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, ISTD, Singapore, Singapore. RP Zhang, JX (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Sch Comp, Singapore 117548, Singapore.; Zhang, JX (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Comp Engn, Singapore, Singapore. EM jiexinzh@comp.nus.edu.sg; yangliu@ntu.edu.sg; maugusto@nps.edu; sunjun@sutd.edu.sg; dongjs@comp.nus.edu.sg RI Liu, Yang/D-2306-2013 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-1362 BN 978-0-7695-4922-4 J9 ASIA PAC SOFWR ENG PY 2012 BP 644 EP 653 DI 10.1109/APSEC.2012.60 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BA1OO UT WOS:000332765100087 ER PT J AU Kimm, H Kang, JS AF Kimm, Haklin Kang, Jin S. GP IEEE TI Implementation of Networked Robot Control System over Controller Area Network SO 2012 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UBIQUITOUS ROBOTS AND AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE (URAL) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence (URAI) CY NOV 26-29, 2012 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Robot Soc Taiwan, Korea Tourism Org, Yujin Robot, Korea Robot Soc, Korean Federat Sci & Technol Soc, IEEE Seoul Sect, Daejeon Int Mkt Enterprise, Future Robot Co Ltd, RoboBuilder Co Ltd DE Controller Area Network; Networked Control Robot System; Unified Modeling Language AB Nowadays robots have advanced from single-platform system to a networked multi-platform system. However, sequential and synchronous control methods that traditionally have been adapted to robots and automation systems are not functioning well for networked robots and control systems. In this paper a networked robot control system based upon controller area network (CAN), of which components are implemented with mostly aperiodic and event-triggered approaches to exchange messages and methods properly, are developed and tested to know its performance regarding proper timing and delay between CAN and robots, and critical section problem arising from process synchronization and coordination of robots. C1 [Kimm, Haklin] East Stroudsburg Univ, Dept Comp Sci, East Stroudsburg, PA 18301 USA. [Kang, Jin S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21042 USA. RP Kimm, H (reprint author), East Stroudsburg Univ, Dept Comp Sci, East Stroudsburg, PA 18301 USA. EM haklkimm@esu.edu; kang@usna.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-3110-4 PY 2012 BP 413 EP 418 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BA4KJ UT WOS:000335894400112 ER PT J AU Lee, K Lee, S Lee, D Kolsch, M AF Lee, K. Lee, S. Lee, D. Koelsch, M. GP IEEE TI Odometry-prefered Scan Matching Method SO 2012 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UBIQUITOUS ROBOTS AND AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE (URAL) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence (URAI) CY NOV 26-29, 2012 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Robot Soc Taiwan, Korea Tourism Org, Yujin Robot, Korea Robot Soc, Korean Federat Sci & Technol Soc, IEEE Seoul Sect, Daejeon Int Mkt Enterprise, Future Robot Co Ltd, RoboBuilder Co Ltd DE Laser range finder; Scan matching; Rigid body transformation AB In this paper, we address the problem of estimating rigid body transformations in two-dimensional space. A new probabilistic weight function is proposed to find a solution closes to odometry information more preferably. The weight function is motivated by hypothesis that a solution of a scan matching problem which prefers odometry information may show better performance in terms of accuracy and convergence. Through the test with three real data sets, our hypothesis was confirmed. C1 [Lee, K.; Lee, D.; Koelsch, M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Lee, S.] Kyungil Univ, Gyongsan 712701, South Korea. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM lekomin@gmail.com; sejiny3@gmail.com; dle1@nps.edu; kolsch@nps.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-3110-4 PY 2012 BP 563 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BA4KJ UT WOS:000335894400161 ER PT S AU Burkhardt, J AF Burkhardt, John GP ASEE TI EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ADDITIONAL CLASS CONTACT TIME ON STUDENT PERFORMANCE IN STATICS SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB The effect of additional class contact time on at-risk student performance in statics is investigated. Comparisons are made between the final exam and final course grades of at-risk students placed in two versions of the same statics course. A standard version of the course meets three hours per week over the course of a fifteen-week semester while a second version meets four hours per week. During the eleven year timeframe covered by this study the four-hour course has been populated by students identified as at-risk using an informal screening procedure. For comparison purposes, using the same enrollment data, a second group of at-risk students were identified from within the standard three-hour course using a more formal logistic regression based screening procedure. A performance comparison between the two groups shows that the extra contact hour had a minor, statistically insignificant effect on final exam and final course grades. C1 [Burkhardt, John] US Naval Acad, Fac Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Burkhardt, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Fac Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AT UT WOS:000380252700014 ER PT S AU Carr, MA Cowart, J AF Carr, Matthew A. Cowart, Jim GP ASEE TI THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF 18TH CENTURY STEAM ENGINES SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB The steam engine developed by Thomas Newcomen was the first successful reciprocating engine and celebrates its 300th anniversary this year. Newcomen's first engine was built in 1712 and more than 1400 were built during the 18th Century. Newcomen's design condensed steam inside a piston and cylinder through a water spray injection process. The vacuum formed in the cylinder, in combination with atmospheric pressure on the top of the piston, actuated a reciprocating pump via an overhead "walking beam." This first engine served to pump water from a coal mine in England, but the power technology thus created enabled the Industrial Revolution and sees its legacy in the steam-powered utility power plants of today. In commemoration of the tercentenary of Newcomen's engine, a group of Mechanical Engineering students at the United States Naval Academy designed and built an instrumented operating model of a Newcomen engine. A significant aspect of this project was to develop an understanding of how the original engines worked. This paper provides authentic design and operating data collected from historical documents for an actual Newcomen engine and illustrates the thermo-fluids analyses of this reverse-engineering portion of the design project. Today's students should be aware of significant historical developments as part of their engineering education. The types of analyses included in this paper allow for relatively easy integration into existing thermo-fluids courses and, at the same time, allow for development of an appreciation for the history of steam engineering and its contribution to the engineering profession. C1 [Carr, Matthew A.; Cowart, Jim] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Carr, MA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AU UT WOS:000380253705057 ER PT S AU Carr, MA Cristiano, MV Caton, P AF Carr, Matthew A. Cristiano, Michael V. Caton, Patrick GP ASEE TI THE NEWCOMEN PUMPING ENGINE: A CAPSTONE DESIGN PROJECT SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB The purpose of this article is to describe the undergraduate mechanical engineering capstone design project of building an operating and instrumented scale model Newcomen Engine. Thomas Newcomen built the first successful steam engine in 1712. His design was built in large numbers from 1712 until about the 1820s and continued to be used until about 1930. Today's engineering students should be aware of this significant historical development as part of their education. The design project described in this article is an excellent capstone design project that integrates fundamental knowledge of mechanical engineering with historical perspectives. C1 [Carr, Matthew A.] US Naval Acad, Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cristiano, Michael V.; Caton, Patrick] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Carr, MA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 22 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AU UT WOS:000380253705068 ER PT S AU Klingbeil, NW High, KA Keller, MW White, IM Brummel, BJ Daily, JS Cheville, RA Wolk, J AF Klingbeil, Nathan W. High, Karen A. Keller, Michael W. White, Ian M. Brummel, Bradley J. Daily, Jeremy S. Cheville, R. Alan Wolk, Jennifer GP ASEE TI THE WRIGHT STATE MODEL FOR ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS EDUCATION: HIGHLIGHTS FROM A CCLI PHASE 3 INITIATIVE, VOLUME 3 SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB The inability of incoming students to advance past the traditional first-year calculus sequence is a primary cause of attrition in engineering programs across the country. As a result, this paper will describe an NSF funded initiative at Wright State University to redefine the way engineering mathematics is taught, with the goal of increasing student retention, motivation and success in engineering. Since its inception in Fall of 2004, the Wright State model has had an overwhelming impact on the retention and success of engineering students at Wright State University, from first-year through graduation. As part of a 2008 NSF CCLI Phase 3 initiative, various aspects of the Wright State model are now under pilot adoption and assessment at a total of 15 institutions across the country. The last two years' papers have highlighted progress at a subset of the Phase 3 institutions, including the details of their diverse implementations and a preliminary assessment of their results. This year's paper (Volume 3) will highlight progress at three additional institutions, each of which has brought a novel perspective to the Wright State approach. C1 [Klingbeil, Nathan W.] Wright State Univ, Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Klingbeil, Nathan W.] Wright State Univ, Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Acad Affairs, Dayton, OH USA. [High, Karen A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK USA. [Keller, Michael W.; Daily, Jeremy S.] Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA. [White, Ian M.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD USA. [Brummel, Bradley J.] Univ Tulsa, Psychol, Tulsa, OK USA. [Cheville, R. Alan] Oklahoma State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK USA. [Cheville, R. Alan] NSF, Arlington, VA USA. [Wolk, Jennifer] US Navy, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Potomac, MD USA. RP Klingbeil, NW (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AU UT WOS:000380253706015 ER PT S AU Hilburn, TB Squires, A Madachy, R AF Hilburn, Thomas B. Squires, Alice Madachy, Raymond GP IEEE TI A Model for Educating Systems Engineers SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (SYSCON) SE Annual IEEE Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Systems Conference (SYS CON) CY MAR 19-22, 2012 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Syst Council, INCOSE, IEEE Vancouver Sect DE systems engineering body of knowledge; systems engineering education; systems engineering graduate reference curriculum AB This paper discusses a model for developing a master's degree curriculum for systems engineering professionals. The model provides guidelines and recommendations that can be used for developing a new program or for modifying an existing program. The model was developed as part of the BKCASE (Body of Knowledge and Curriculum to Advance Systems Engineering) project to develop a guide to the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK) and a Graduate Reference Curriculum for Systems Engineering (GRCSE). This paper describes the content of the SEBoK used to drive the core body of knowledge in a systems engineering program, and discusses the GRCSE purpose, organization, content, development process, and implementation. C1 [Hilburn, Thomas B.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Elect Comp Software & Syst Engn, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Squires, Alice] Stevens Inst Technol, Sch Syst & Enterprises, Hoboken, NJ USA. [Madachy, Raymond] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hilburn, TB (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Elect Comp Software & Syst Engn, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. EM hilburn@erau.edu; alice.squires@stevens.edu; rjmadach@nps.edu FU BKCASE FX The BKCASE team is grateful for the involvement of U. S. Office of the Secretary of Defense and for their leadership and financial support for the BKCASE effort. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-7620 BN 978-1-4673-0749-9 J9 ANN IEEE SYST CONF PY 2012 BP 14 EP 18 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEK23 UT WOS:000317054300003 ER PT J AU Van Slyke, J Ludwig, W Gamble, J Stork, J Brown, R AF Van Slyke, J. Ludwig, W. Gamble, J. Stork, J. Brown, R. BE Wickert, M Salk, M TI EFFECT OF CONVERGENT DETONATION ON GURNEY ENERGY AND CYLINDER EXPANSION SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS, VOLS. 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Ballistics (ISB) CY APR 22-26, 2013 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst High Speed Dynam, Ernst Mach Inst, Natl Def Ind Assoc, Int Ballist Soc AB It has been shown that an inverted (i.e., convergent) front can positively influence detonation velocity and pressure, and there are growing evidence that effective shaped charge jetting and cylinder expansion can result. In the latter case, increases in shaped charge velocity-mass distribution and overall kinetic energy are substantial. We show herein that cylinder expansion increases in coaxial bi-explosive charges circumferentially initiated, however, respective Gurney constants are linearly dependent with total explosive energy. These results are based on data from detonation and cylinder expansion (CYLEX) tests and finite difference computations. C1 [Van Slyke, J.; Gamble, J.; Stork, J.; Brown, R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ludwig, W.] Helmut Schmidt Univ, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany. RP Van Slyke, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-106-5 PY 2012 BP 749 EP 755 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BJO71 UT WOS:000329410000079 ER PT J AU Bouvenot, F Karosich, BA Watkins, D Brown, RE AF Bouvenot, F. Karosich, B. A. Watkins, D. Brown, R. E. BE Wickert, M Salk, M TI HELD'S rho v(2)d INITIATION THRESHOLD CRITERIA REVISITED SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS, VOLS. 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Ballistics (ISB) CY APR 22-26, 2013 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst High Speed Dynam, Ernst Mach Inst, Natl Def Ind Assoc, Int Ballist Soc ID EXPLOSIVES; PROJECTILE AB Observed dependence of explosive initiation response on projectile density, diameter (or area) and impact velocity led to a succession of several semi-empirical expressions based on original work by Held that have been employed by the ballistic community for estimating explosive vulnerability to impact and for forming bases for designing initiators as well as protective devices. We find that mean values from these relationships deviate significantly from constancy for all of the explosives covered in our survey. These deviations might result in part to measurement errors, and imperfections in the treated explosives and projectiles. There is concluded that the product of interfacial impact pressure and projectile diameter is a much more reliable predictor of impact sensitivity. This factor takes into consideration the Hugoniot characteristics of the projectile and explosive. Results include published experimental data and finite difference simulations using the ANSYS AUTODYN code. C1 [Bouvenot, F.] Helmut Schmidt Univ, Holstenhofweg 85, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany. [Karosich, B. A.; Watkins, D.; Brown, R. E.] 1 Univ Circle, Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bouvenot, F (reprint author), Helmut Schmidt Univ, Holstenhofweg 85, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-106-5 PY 2012 BP 1175 EP 1184 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BJO71 UT WOS:000329410000125 ER PT B AU Yaremchuk, M Carrier, M Ngodock, H Smith, S Shulman, I AF Yaremchuk, M. Carrier, M. Ngodock, H. Smith, S. Shulman, I. BE Wu, CC Gan, J Satake, K TI FORECAST SKILL AND COMPUTATIONAL COST OF THE CORRELATION MODELS IN 3DVAR DATA ASSIMILATION SO ADVANCES IN GEOSCIENCES VOL 28: ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (AS) & OCEAN SCIENCE (OS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Meeting of the Asia-Oceania-Geosciences-Society (AOGS) CY AUG 08-12, 2011 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Asia Oceania Geosciences Soc ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; DIFFUSION EQUATION; COVARIANCES; INVERSE; CONSTRUCTION; SYSTEM AB Many background error correlation (BEC) models in data assimilation are formulated in terms of a positive-definite smoothing operator B which simulates the action of correlation matrix on a vector in state space. To estimate the efficiency of such approach, numerical experiments with the Gaussian and spline models B = exp (del nu del); B-m = (I-del nu del/m)(-m), have been conducted. Here I is the identity operator and nu is the diffusion tensor, whose spatial variability is derived from the forecast field and m is the spline approximation order. Performance of these BEC representations are compared in the framework of numerical experiments with real 3dVar data assimilation into the Navy Coastal Ocean model (NCOM) in the Western Tropical Pacific. It is shown that both BEC models have similar forecast skills over a two-month time period, whereas the second-order spline model is several times more efficient computationally, if the cost function is minimized in the state space. C1 [Yaremchuk, M.; Carrier, M.; Ngodock, H.; Smith, S.; Shulman, I.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Yaremchuk, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM max.yaremchuk@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4405-68-3; 978-981-4405-67-6 PY 2012 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BB7LC UT WOS:000345698200001 ER PT B AU Doyle, JD Jin, Y Hodur, RM Chen, S Jin, H Moskaitis, J Reinecke, A Black, P Cummings, J Hendricks, E Holt, T Liou, CS Peng, M Reynolds, C Sashegyi, K Schmidt, J Wang, S AF Doyle, J. D. Jin, Y. Hodur, R. M. Chen, S. Jin, H. Moskaitis, J. Reinecke, A. Black, P. Cummings, J. Hendricks, E. Holt, T. Liou, C. -S. Peng, M. Reynolds, C. Sashegyi, K. Schmidt, J. Wang, S. BE Wu, CC Gan, J Satake, K TI REAL-TIME TROPICAL CYCLONE PREDICTION USING COAMPS-TC SO ADVANCES IN GEOSCIENCES VOL 28: ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (AS) & OCEAN SCIENCE (OS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Meeting of the Asia-Oceania-Geosciences-Society (AOGS) CY AUG 08-12, 2011 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Asia Oceania Geosciences Soc ID DATA ASSIMILATION; PARAMETERIZATION; MESOSCALE; FLUXES; CLOUDS; MODEL AB A new version of the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System for Tropical Cyclones (COAMPS-TC (TM)) has been developed specifically for forecasting tropical cyclone track, structure, and intensity. The COAMPS-TC has been tested in real-time in both coupled and uncoupled modes over the past several tropical cyclone seasons in the Pacific and Atlantic basins at a horizontal grid spacing of 5 km. An evaluation of a large sample of real-time forecasts for the 2010 and 2011 seasons in the Atlantic basin reveals that the COAMPS-TC predictions have smaller intensity errors than other real-time dynamical models for forecasts beyond the 30 h time. Real-time forecasts for Hurricane Irene (2011) illustrate the capability of the model to capture both the intensity and the fine-scale features (e.g., eyewall, rainbands), in agreement with observations. The results of this research highlight the promise of high-resolution deterministic and ensemble-based approaches for tropical cyclone prediction using COAMPS-TC. C1 [Doyle, J. D.; Jin, Y.; Chen, S.; Jin, H.; Moskaitis, J.; Reinecke, A.; Hendricks, E.; Holt, T.; Liou, C. -S.; Peng, M.; Reynolds, C.; Sashegyi, K.; Schmidt, J.; Wang, S.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Cummings, J.] SAIC, Monterey, CA USA. [Hodur, R. M.; Black, P.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis, MS USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. FU Office of Naval Research's (ONR) [0602435N, PMW-120 PE 0603207N]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) - Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) FX We acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research's (ONR) Program Element (PE) 0602435N and PMW-120 PE 0603207N, as well as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) sponsored Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP). We also appreciate support for computational resources through a grant of Department of Defense High Performance Computing time from the DoD Supercomputing Resource Center at Stennis, MS and Vicksburg, MS. COAMPS-TC TM is a trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4405-68-3; 978-981-4405-67-6 PY 2012 BP 15 EP 28 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BB7LC UT WOS:000345698200002 ER PT S AU Alphonso, AL Monson, BT Zeher, MJ Armiger, RS Weeks, SR Burck, JM Moran, C Davoodie, R Loeb, G Pasquina, PF Tsao, JW AF Alphonso, Aimee L. Monson, Brett T. Zeher, Michael J. Armiger, Robert S. Weeks, Sharon R. Burck, J. M. Moran, C. Davoodie, R. Loeb, G. Pasquina, Paul F. Tsao, Jack W. BE Wiederhold, BK Riva, G TI Use of a Virtual Integrated Environment in Prosthetic Limb Development and Phantom Limb Pain SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF CYBERTHERAPY AND TELEMEDICINE 2012: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BEHAVIORAL, SOCIAL AND NEUROSCIENCES SE Studies in Health Technology and Informatics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Phantom limb pain; upper extremity amputation; virtual integration environment; prostheses; computer-assisted rehabilitation; systems integration AB Patients face two major difficulties following limb loss: phantom limb pain (PLP) in the residual limb and limited functionality in the prosthetic limb. Many studies have focused on decreasing PLP with mirror therapy, yet few have examined the same visual ameliorating effect with a virtual or prosthetic limb. Our study addresses the following key questions: (1) does PLP decrease through observation of a 3D limb in a virtual integration environment (VIE) and (2) can consistent surface electromyography (sEMG) signals from the VIE drive an advanced modular prosthetic limb (MPL)? Recorded signals from the residual limb were correlated to the desired motion of the phantom limb, and changes in PLP were scored during each VIE session. Preliminary results show an overall reduction in PLP and a trend toward improvement in signal-to-motion accuracy over time. These signals allowed MPL users to perform a wide range of hand motions. C1 [Alphonso, Aimee L.; Monson, Brett T.; Weeks, Sharon R.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Zeher, Michael J.; Armiger, Robert S.; Burck, J. M.; Moran, C.; Davoodie, R.; Loeb, G.; Pasquina, Paul F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Tsao, Jack W.] US Navy Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. RP Tsao, JW (reprint author), US Navy Bur Med & Surg, 7700 Arlington Blvd Suite 5136, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. EM jack.tsao@med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 978-1-61499-121-2 J9 STUD HEALTH TECHNOL PY 2012 VL 181 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-121-2-305 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA BA9IV UT WOS:000339449900058 PM 22954877 ER PT S AU Scannell, C Decker, J Collins, J Smith, W AF Scannell, Christopher Decker, Jonathan Collins, Joseph Smith, William BE DeBosschere, K DHollander, EH Joubert, GR Padua, D Peters, F TI High-fidelity Real-time Antiship Cruise Missile Modeling on the GPU SO APPLICATIONS, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES ON THE ROAD TO EXASCALE COMPUTING SE Advances in Parallel Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Biennial ParCo Conference (ParCo) CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2011 CL Ghent, BELGIUM DE GPU; OpenCL; antiship; cruise; missile AB The United States Navy is actively researching techniques for creating high-fidelity, real-time simulations of antiship cruise missiles (ASCM) in order to develop improved defensive countermeasures for Navy ships. One active area of investigation is the combined use of OpenMP and MPI to reach real-time constraints on stand-alone cluster computers with high-speed interconnect fabrics. The separate nodes of this high performance computing (HPC) platform calculate the successive responses of a single cruise missile to successive reflections of the RF transmitter radar returns from the target ship in a pipeline fashion using MPI. Numerically intensive portions of the calculation of the missile-ship system behavior for an individual RF pulse can be calculated in parallel on the individual nodes of the HPC platform using OpenMP. The speed at which these portions can be calculated determines the length of the pipeline and thus the total number of computing nodes required. This approach incurs some approximations into the simulation that are proportional to the length of the pipeline because there is a feedback from the ship-radar response back to the missile guidance. While this use of OpenMP has proven effective, it is limited by the number of cores available at each node. This code, however, presents opportunities for parallelism well beyond the available computational resources at each node. Additionally, the ratio of computation to data transfer for this portion of the simulation is very high. These two factors have led us to investigate executing the most compute-intensive portion, the calculation of the RF responses of the individual ship scatterers, on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). C1 [Scannell, Christopher; Decker, Jonathan; Collins, Joseph] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Smith, William] ITT Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. RP Scannell, C (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Christopher.Scannell@nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-5452 BN 978-1-61499-041-3; 978-1-61499-040-6 J9 ADV PARALLEL COMPUT PY 2012 VL 22 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-041-3-175 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC1PJ UT WOS:000350346500020 ER PT B AU Hafez, MM AF Hafez, Mohammed M. BE BreenSmyth, M TI Martyrs without Borders: The Puzzle of Transnational Suicide Bombers SO ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION TO POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SAUDI-ARABIA; TERRORISM; RECRUITMENT; ACTIVISM; IRAQ C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hafez, MM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9493-9; 978-0-7546-7752-9 PY 2012 BP 185 EP 203 PG 19 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BC4BF UT WOS:000352237900012 ER PT B AU Rubin, M AF Rubin, Michael BE MacDonald, DB Nabers, D Patman, RG TI Rogue Policy: Bush and Iran SO BUSH LEADERSHIP, THE POWER OF IDEAS, AND THE WAR ON TERROR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rubin, Michael] Amer Enterprise Inst Publ Policy Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Rubin, Michael] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Rubin, Michael] Yale Univ, Iranian Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Rubin, Michael] Johns Hopkins Univ, Iranian Hist, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Rubin, Michael] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Iranian Hist, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Rubin, M (reprint author), Amer Enterprise Inst Publ Policy Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4716-0; 978-1-4094-4715-3 PY 2012 BP 113 EP 131 PG 19 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BC4CG UT WOS:000352294600007 ER PT B AU Schaub, G Lowther, A AF Schaub, Gary, Jr. Lowther, Adam BE Cimbala, SJ TI Who Serves? The American All-Volunteer Force SO CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN PERSPECTIVE: STRATEGY, STRUCTURE AND POLICY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schaub, Gary, Jr.] Maxwell AFB, Air War Coll, Montgomery, AL USA. [Lowther, Adam] Maxwell AFB, Air Force Res Inst AFRI, Montgomery, AL USA. [Lowther, Adam] Arkansas Tech Univ, Russellville, AR USA. [Lowther, Adam] Columbus State Univ, Columbus, GA USA. [Lowther, Adam] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. RP Schaub, G (reprint author), Sch Adv Air & Space Studies, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-2979-1; 978-1-4094-2978-4 PY 2012 BP 115 EP 137 PG 23 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BA3QC UT WOS:000334608500008 ER PT B AU Wheeler, DL AF Wheeler, Deborah L. BE Costigan, SS Perry, J TI Information (without) Revolution? Ethnography and the Study of New Media-enabled Change in the Middle East SO CYBERSPACES AND GLOBAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wheeler, DL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-2755-1; 978-1-4094-2754-4 PY 2012 BP 155 EP 172 PG 18 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BA3RM UT WOS:000334688700012 ER PT S AU Stockdale, CJ Ryder, SD Horesh, A Weiler, KW Panagia, N Van Dyk, SD Bauer, FE Immler, S Sramek, RA Pooley, D Marcaide, JM Kassim, N AF Stockdale, Christopher J. Ryder, S. D. Horesh, A. Weiler, K. W. Panagia, N. Van Dyk, S. D. Bauer, F. E. Immler, S. Sramek, R. A. Pooley, D. Marcaide, J. M. Kassim, N. BE Roming, PWA Kawai, N Pian, E TI Radio Insight into the Nature of Type IIb Progenitors SO DEATH OF MASSIVE STARS: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 279th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union CY MAR 12-16, 2012 CL Nikko, JAPAN SP Int Astronom Union, Minist Educ Culture Sport Sci & Technol Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Tokyo Tech, SW Res Inst, Global COE Program Quantum Phys & Nanoscience, Grant Aid Prior Res Area Decipher Ancient Universe Gamma Ray Bursts, Astronom Soc Japan AB We present the results of over two decades of radio observations of type IIb Supernovae with the Very Large Array and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. These radio studies illustrate the need for multi-wavelength follow-up to determine the progenitor scenario for type lib events. C1 [Stockdale, Christopher J.] Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, POB 1811, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Ryder, S. D.] Australian Astron Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Horesh, A.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Weiler, K. W.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Panagia, N.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Van Dyk, S. D.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bauer, F. E.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Immler, S.] NASA, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sramek, R. A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Pooley, D.] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Phys, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. [Marcaide, J. M.] Univ Valencia, Dept Astron, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. [Kassim, N.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stockdale, CJ (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, POB 1811, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM chris.stockdale@mu.edu OI Horesh, Assaf/0000-0002-5936-1156; Ryder, Stuart/0000-0003-4501-8100; Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-01979-9 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2012 VL 279 BP 393 EP 394 DI 10.1017/S1743921312013506 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG9KJ UT WOS:000393362200090 ER PT J AU Eroh, L Gera, R Kang, CX Larson, CE Yi, EJ AF Eroh, Linda Gera, Ralucca Kang, Cong X. Larson, Craig E. Yi, Eunjeong TI DOMINATION IN FUNCTIGRAPHS SO DISCUSSIONES MATHEMATICAE GRAPH THEORY LA English DT Article DE domination; permutation graphs; generalized prisms; functigraphs AB Let G(1) and G(2) be disjoint copies of a graph G, and let f :V(G(1)) -> V(G(2)) be a function. Then a functigraph C(G, f) = (V, E) has the vertex set V = V(C1) boolean OR V(G(2)) and the edge set E = E(G(1)) boolean OR E(G(2)) boolean OR {uv vertical bar is an element of V (G(1)), v is an element of V(G(2)), v = f (u)}. A functigraph is a generalization of a permutation graph (also known as a generalized prism) in the sense of Chartrand and Harary. In this paper, we study domination in functigraphs. Let gamma(G) denote the domination number of G. It is readily seen that gamma(G) <= gamma(C(G, f)) <= 2 gamma(G). We investigate for graphs generally, and for cycles in great detail, the functions which achieve the upper and lower bounds, as well as the realization of the intermediate values. C1 [Eroh, Linda] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. [Gera, Ralucca] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kang, Cong X.; Yi, Eunjeong] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Gen Acad, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Larson, Craig E.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Math & Appl Math, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Eroh, L (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. EM eroh@uwosh.edu; rgera@nps.edu; kangc@tamug.edu; clarson@vcu.edu; yie@tamug.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ZIELONA GORA PI ZIELONA GORA PA C/O PROF Z SZAFRANA 4A, ZIELONA GORA, 65-516, POLAND SN 1234-3099 EI 2083-5892 J9 DISCUSS MATH GRAPH T JI Discuss. Math. Graph Theory PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 299 EP 319 DI 10.7151/dmgt.1600 PG 21 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA V35LQ UT WOS:000209151400010 ER PT S AU Roberts, BJ Owen, WE AF Roberts, Benjamin J. Owen, Walter E. BE Chova, LG Torres, IC Martinez, AL TI LESSONS LEARNED FROM A REDESIGNED ORIENTATION FOR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING DISTANCE EDUCATION STUDENTS SO EDULEARN12: 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION AND NEW LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES SE EDULEARN Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (EDULEARN) CY JUL 02-04, 2012 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE Pedagogy; e-learning management AB This paper is a report of lessons learned in the process of implementing a recently initiated project to enhance student engagement in a systems engineering program that is delivered primarily by web-conferencing (ELLUMINATE). This effort employed a redesign of a traditional orientation, typically delivered to focus on program description, academic requirements, and introduction of key stakeholders and their roles in support of distance education. A second phase of the orientation, which we termed "graduate success seminar" (GSS) was developed to teach fundamental skills associated with success in higher education, with an emphasis on improving learning strategies and self-management skills to help students better organize, prepare, and perform effectively in a graduate program. The second phase was also designed to help students understand their own cognitive processes, and what strategies work best for them in improving learning. Introducing the second phase of the orientation also gave us, as faculty and program managers, time and opportunity to make observations that were previously unanticipated. We observed factors that affected the cohesiveness of a particular cohort (class) of students, the pivotal role of the cohort's sponsor, and resulting engagement of the students. Initially, we measured engagement in terms of homework completion and attendance at the GSS. We also looked at some early indicators of academic performance. While providing our students with information on learning styles, problem solving, and critical thinking, we discovered that many of our faculty would benefit from being equally versed in the advantages of having and sharing this kind of information with the students. Otherwise, this information would only serve a "defensive" role for students who encounter differences between themselves and faculty, especially when learning styles are considered. Overall, the insight and benefits derived from our orientation redesign have been manifold. Not only have the students benefited, but we as faculty and program managers have discovered new avenues to pursue in fine-tuning our distance education programs. C1 [Roberts, Benjamin J.; Owen, Walter E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM broberts@nps.edu; wowen@nps.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION A& DEVELOPMENT PI VALENICA PA LAURI VOLPI 6, VALENICA, BURJASSOT 46100, SPAIN SN 2340-1117 BN 978-84-695-3491-5 J9 EDULEARN PROC PY 2012 BP 6697 EP 6700 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BHP41 UT WOS:000326239306095 ER PT J AU Stimpert, AK Mattila, D Nosal, EM Au, WWL AF Stimpert, Alison K. Mattila, David Nosal, Eva-Marie Au, Whitlow W. L. TI Tagging young humpback whale calves: methodology and diving behavior SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Humpback whale; Calf; Tagging; Diving behavior; Hawaii AB Despite the importance of young animals to the proliferation of a species, logistic hurdles often prevent the study of individuals' behavior and habitat requirements. This is particularly an issue in the case of cetaceans, which spend a large proportion of their time at depth. We conducted a study to describe the dive behavior of young humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae calves on their breeding grounds in Hawaii, USA. We first implemented and evaluated strategies for approaching whale groups and deploying suction-cup tags (DTAGs), resulting in 3 successful attachments of DTAGs in the winter of 2011. The approach technique that was most successful while minimizing reactions from the whale groups was a passive drift approach. Tagged calves exhibited consistent dives to shallow depths when their groups were stationary, and some deeper dives that approached the ocean bottom, up to 78 m in one case. Mean dive durations ranged from 2.2 to 3.5 min, with calves spending 40% of their time within 3 m of the surface. This is the first study to collect tag data from baleen whale calves less than 6 mo in age and provides habitat use data important for management of this endangered species. C1 [Stimpert, Alison K.; Au, Whitlow W. L.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. [Stimpert, Alison K.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Mattila, David] Hawaiian Isl Humpback Whale Natl Marine Sanctuary, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Nosal, Eva-Marie] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Ocean & Resources Engn, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Stimpert, AK (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, POB 1106, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. EM akstimpe@nps.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Marine Sanctuary Program; Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary; University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce [NA09OAR4170600]; National Research Council (NRC); University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program [UNIHI-SEA-GRANT-JC-11-02, 1522, 8763] FX Many thanks to E. Lyman, T. Hurst, L. Wedding, D. Powers, and to all our field volunteers, especially J. Chen, A. Rudd, A. Bendlin, C. Fumar, and S. Plentovich. Shoals LIDAR data were provided by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. This work was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Permit no. 14682, with the support of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Marine Sanctuary Program and the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, and in accordance with animal care and use guidelines in the US. The work was also funded in part by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant No. NA09OAR4170600 from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce and also from the National Research Council (NRC). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the NRC. This is University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program contribution no. UNIHI-SEA-GRANT-JC-11-02, HIMB contribution no. 1522, and SOEST contribution no. 8763. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.3354/esr00456 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V41RB UT WOS:000209562200002 ER PT B AU Freeman, M AF Freeman, Michael BE Freeman, M TI Introduction to Financing Terrorism: Case Studies SO FINANCING TERRORISM: CASE STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Freeman, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4262-2; 978-1-4094-4261-5 PY 2012 BP 3 EP 6 PG 4 WC Business, Finance; Criminology & Penology SC Business & Economics; Criminology & Penology GA BC3GW UT WOS:000351635200001 ER PT B AU Freeman, M AF Freeman, Michael BE Freeman, M TI Sources of Terrorist Financing: Theory and Typology SO FINANCING TERRORISM: CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Freeman, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4262-2; 978-1-4094-4261-5 PY 2012 BP 7 EP 25 PG 19 WC Business, Finance; Criminology & Penology SC Business & Economics; Criminology & Penology GA BC3GW UT WOS:000351635200002 ER PT B AU Freeman, M L'Heureux, C Furleigh, D Pope, D AF Freeman, Michael L'Heureux, Christopher Furleigh, Dan Pope, Duke BE Freeman, M TI Insurgent and Terrorist Finances in Iraq SO FINANCING TERRORISM: CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Freeman, Michael] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [L'Heureux, Christopher] US Army, Washington, DC USA. [Furleigh, Dan; Pope, Duke] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Pope, Duke] 18th Flight Test Squadron FLTS, Operat, Hurlburt Field, FL USA. RP Freeman, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4262-2; 978-1-4094-4261-5 PY 2012 BP 29 EP 47 PG 19 WC Business, Finance; Criminology & Penology SC Business & Economics; Criminology & Penology GA BC3GW UT WOS:000351635200003 ER PT B AU Freeman, M AF Freeman, Michael BE Freeman, M TI Thinking Critically about Terrorist Financing SO FINANCING TERRORISM: CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Freeman, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Def Anal, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4262-2; 978-1-4094-4261-5 PY 2012 BP 237 EP 243 PG 7 WC Business, Finance; Criminology & Penology SC Business & Economics; Criminology & Penology GA BC3GW UT WOS:000351635200014 ER PT S AU Hobart, KD Imhoff, EA Duong, TH Hefner, AR AF Hobart, K. D. Imhoff, E. A. Duong, T. H. Hefner, A. R. BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Ohtani, N Bakowski, M Garg, R TI Optimization of Si IGBT/SiC JBS Diode Hybrid Modules for Medium Voltage Applications SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies as part of ECS Fall Meeting CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP ECS AB The optimization of medium voltage hybrid Si IGBT/SiC junction barrier Schottky diode modules is explored. The primary variant in the study is the active device area of the SiC JBS diodes for a fixed Si IGBT area. The optimization is performed through electro-thermal circuit simulations using validated physics-based device models. Parameters tracked include device switching losses, conduction losses and junction temperature. Finally, reliability issues were considered. SiC JBS diodes were subject to surge conditions and diode surge current was evaluated during module optimization. C1 [Hobart, K. D.; Imhoff, E. A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Duong, T. H.; Hefner, A. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hobart, KD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office Naval Research FX That authors would like to thank Scott Leslie at Powerex, Inc. for helpful discussions and for the surge testing by Biswajit Ray at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania. The work is sponsored by the Naval Research Laboratory and by the Office Naval Research which is monitored by Joseph Borraccini. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-351-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1149/05003.0065ecst PG 10 WC Crystallography; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Crystallography; Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA7TJ UT WOS:000337755900007 ER PT S AU Myers-Ward, RL Gaskill, DK Stahlbush, RS Mahadik, NA Wheeler, VD Nyakiti, LO Eddy, CR AF Myers-Ward, R. L. Gaskill, D. K. Stahlbush, R. S. Mahadik, N. A. Wheeler, V. D. Nyakiti, L. O. Eddy, C. R., Jr. BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Ohtani, N Bakowski, M Garg, R TI Managing Basal Plane Dislocations in SiC: Perspective and Prospects SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies as part of ECS Fall Meeting CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP ECS ID 8-DEGREES OFF-CUT; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; EPILAYERS; DIODES AB Conversion of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) to threading edge dislocations in 8 and 4 degrees offcut SiC material has been studied in order to eliminate the nucleation source of Shockley-type stacking faults in the active region of bipolar devices. Ex situ and in situ growth interrupts were used to convert BPDs in the 8 degrees material, where conversion rates up to 98% were achieved for in situ interrupts in epilayers with doping <1x10(16) cm(-3). Complete spontaneous conversion of BPDs was found to be possible in 4 degrees offcut material after similar to 20 m of epitaxial growth for both intentionally and unintentionally doped films. C1 [Myers-Ward, R. L.; Gaskill, D. K.; Stahlbush, R. S.; Mahadik, N. A.; Wheeler, V. D.; Nyakiti, L. O.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Adv SiC Epitaxial Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Myers-Ward, RL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Adv SiC Epitaxial Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; ASEE; NRC - NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Programs FX Research at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory is supported by the Office of Naval Research. G. D. Wheeler and L. O. Nyakiti acknowledge support from the ASEE and N. Mahadik acknowledges NRC - NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Programs. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-351-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1149/05003.0103ecst PG 6 WC Crystallography; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Crystallography; Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA7TJ UT WOS:000337755900011 ER PT S AU Guth, PL AF Guth, Peter L. BE Whitmeyer, SJ Bailey, JE DePaor, DG Ornduff, T TI Automated export of GIS maps to Google Earth: Tool for research and teaching SO GOOGLE EARTH AND VIRTUAL VISUALIZATIONS IN GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION AND RESEARCH SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GEOMORPHOMETRY; EVOLUTION AB Google Earth offers an excellent example of software design balancing enough power while retaining a simple and intuitive interface, and provides tremendous capabilities both for teaching and research interaction. It displays data with a well-documented, standard keyhole markup language (KML) format on generally high resolution base imagery, with roads, borders and other relevant layers which can be turned on and off, and allows easy combination of multiple data sets. Google Earth lacks the analysis capabilities of geographical information system (GIS) software, but is outstanding for visualization and dissemination of results. Users can zoom in and out and view animations or 3-D displays of the data. The freeware MICRODEM program allows easy export of GIS data to KML and linking of text and graphics to an icon on the map, and it facilitates registration of maps. Examples of this usage include student projects, animations used for teaching, sharing data among research groups, and interactive display of published maps. For the earth sciences, where almost all data has a geographic component, virtual globes provide an integrated way to interact with information. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Guth, PL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM pguth@usna.edu NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2492-8 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2012 VL 492 BP 165 EP 182 DI 10.1130/2012.2492(12) D2 10.1130/9780813724928 PG 18 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Education & Educational Research; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJS23 UT WOS:000329918400013 ER PT B AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, Mark BE Tsymbal, EY Zutic, I TI Spin Injection, Accumulation, and Relaxation in Metals SO HANDBOOK OF SPIN TRANSPORT AND MAGNETISM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; THERMOMAGNETOELECTRIC SYSTEM; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; FERROMAGNETIC-FILMS; ELECTRON-GAS; RESONANCE; INTERFACE; TRANSPORT; POLARIZATION; CHARGE C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-0378-3; 978-1-4398-0377-6 PY 2012 BP 115 EP 136 PG 22 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC9AE UT WOS:000356247000007 ER PT B AU Jonker, BT AF Jonker, Berend T. BE Tsymbal, EY Zutic, I TI Electrical Spin Injection and Transport in Semiconductors SO HANDBOOK OF SPIN TRANSPORT AND MAGNETISM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; METAL/TUNNEL BARRIER CONTACT; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; N-TYPE SILICON; FERROMAGNETIC-SEMICONDUCTOR; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; QUANTUM-WELLS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE C1 Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Magnetoelect Mat & Devices Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Magnetoelect Mat & Devices Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 193 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-0378-3; 978-1-4398-0377-6 PY 2012 BP 329 EP 369 PG 41 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC9AE UT WOS:000356247000018 ER PT B AU Stanney, KM Cohn, JV AF Stanney, Kay M. Cohn, Joseph V. BE Jacko, JA TI Virtual Environments SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION HANDBOOK: FUNDAMENTALS, EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES, AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS, 3RD EDITION SE Human Factors and Ergonomics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REALITY EXPOSURE THERAPY; CORIOLIS-FORCE PERTURBATIONS; OF-THE-LITERATURE; NEUROLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS; DISPLAY; DESIGN; PERFORMANCE; EXPERIENCE; ANXIETY; MEMORY C1 [Stanney, Kay M.] Design Interact Inc, Oviedo, FL 32765 USA. [Cohn, Joseph V.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Stanney, KM (reprint author), Design Interact Inc, Oviedo, FL 32765 USA. NR 211 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-2944-8; 978-1-4398-2943-1 J9 HUM FACTORS ERGON PY 2012 BP 643 EP 667 D2 10.1201/b11963 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC8EB UT WOS:000355562500032 ER PT J AU Crane, R McDowell, LK AF Crane, Robert McDowell, Luke K. BE Filipe, J Fred, A TI INVESTIGATING MARKOV LOGIC NETWORKS FOR COLLECTIVE CLASSIFICATION SO ICAART: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGENTS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence CY FEB 06-08, 2012 CL PORTUGAL DE Collective classification; Statistical relational learning; Markov logic networks AB Collective Classification (CC) is the process of simultaneously inferring the class labels of a set of inter-linked nodes, such as the topic of publications in a citation graph. Recently, Markov Logic Networks (MLNs) have attracted significant attention because of their ability to combine first order logic with probabilistic reasoning. A few authors have used this ability of MLNs in order to perform CC over linked data, but the relative advantages of MLNs vs. other CC techniques remains unknown. In response, this paper compares a wide range of MLN learning and inference algorithms to the best previously studied CC algorithms. We find that MLN accuracy is highly dependent on the type of learning and the input rules that are used, which is not unusual given MLNs flexibility. More surprisingly, we find that even the best MLN performance generally lags that of the best previously studied CC algorithms. However, MLNs do excel on the one dataset that exhibited the most complex linking patterns. Ultimately, we find that MLNs may be worthwhile for CC tasks involving data with complex relationships, but that MLN learning for such data remains a challenge. C1 [Crane, Robert; McDowell, Luke K.] US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Crane, R (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCITEPRESS PI SETUBAL PA AV D MANUELL, 27A 2 ESQ, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 978-989-8425-95-9 PY 2012 BP 5 EP 15 DI 10.5220/0003702600050015 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BIB31 UT WOS:000327208400001 ER PT J AU Crabbe, FL AF Crabbe, Frederick L. BE Filipe, J Fred, A TI EFFICIENTLY FINDING (NEARLY) MINIMAL FST OF REPETITIVE UNSEGMENTED DEMONSTRATION DATA SO ICAART: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGENTS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence CY FEB 06-08, 2012 CL PORTUGAL DE Robots; Plan Learning; Learning from Demonstration; Minimal Programs ID SEARCH AB This paper presents an algorithm that enables a robot to learn from demonstration by inferring a nearly minimal plan instead of the more common policy, The algorithm uses only the demon- strated actions to build the plan, without relying on observation of the world states during the demonstration. By making assumptions about the format of the data. it can generate this plan in O(n(5)). C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Crabbe, FL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 572M Holloway Rd Stop 9F, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCITEPRESS PI SETUBAL PA AV D MANUELL, 27A 2 ESQ, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 978-989-8425-95-9 PY 2012 BP 673 EP 678 DI 10.5220/0003881906730678 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BIB31 UT WOS:000327208400093 ER PT S AU Judd, KP Colbert, CM Smith, R Vilardebo, K Waterman, J Petty, G Kilzer, J AF Judd, K. Peter Colbert, Costa M. Smith, Russ Vilardebo, Ken Waterman, Jim Petty, Greg Kilzer, Joel BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI A Compact Deployable Mid-Wave Infrared Imaging System for Wide-Area Persistence Surveillance in Maritime Environments SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXVIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVIII CY APR 23-27, 2012 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Large Format Array; Mid-wave Infrared; Detection; Tracking; Maritime ID TRACKING AB The development, integration and testing of a compact system for wide-area persistence surveillance in dedicated maritime environments is presented. The system is based around a large-format, 2560 x 512 pixel focal plane array, high dynamic range (16 bit), mid-wave infrared (MWIR) imager operating at 30 Hz that is equipped with a 90 degrees horizontal field-of-view (HFOV) lens. The digitized image data is fed to a standard commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) workstation equipped with a graphical processing unit (GPU) that is used to perform image de-warping, nonuniformity corrections, and algorithms for real-time object detection and tracking (NRL Harbor Tracking Software-NRLHaTS). Data is presented from several field experiments that illustrate the capabilities of the integrated system. C1 [Judd, K. Peter; Waterman, Jim] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petty, Greg; Kilzer, Joel] NSWC Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. [Colbert, Costa M.; Smith, Russ] Smart Log Inc, Vienna, VA 22180 USA. [Vilardebo, Ken] V Syst Inc, Satellite Beach, FL 32937 USA. RP Judd, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9031-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8353 AR 83530O DI 10.1117/12.919207 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BBE01 UT WOS:000306604400024 ER PT J AU Robertson, KL Vora, GJ AF Robertson, Kelly L. Vora, Gary J. TI Locked Nucleic Acid Flow Cytometry-fluorescence in situ Hybridization (LNA flow-FISH): a Method for Bacterial Small RNA Detection SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Immunology; Issue 59; fluorescence in situ hybridization; FISH; flow cytometry; locked nucleic acid; sRNA; Vibrio AB Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful technique that is used to detect and localize specific nucleic acid sequences in the cellular environment. In order to increase throughput, FISH can be combined with flow cytometry (flow-FISH) to enable the detection of targeted nucleic acid sequences in thousands of individual cells. As a result, flow-FISH offers a distinct advantage over lysate/ensemble-based nucleic acid detection methods because each cell is treated as an independent observation, thereby permitting stronger statistical and variance analyses. These attributes have prompted the use of FISH and flow-FISH methods in a number of different applications and the utility of these methods has been successfully demonstrated in telomere length determination(1,2), cellular identification and gene expression(3,4), monitoring viral multiplication in infected cells(5), and bacterial community analysis and enumeration(6). Traditionally, the specificity of FISH and flow-FISH methods has been imparted by DNA oligonucleotide probes. Recently however, the replacement of DNA oligonucleotide probes with nucleic acid analogs as FISH and flow-FISH probes has increased both the sensitivity and specificity of each technique due to the higher melting temperatures (T-m) of these analogs for natural nucleic acids(7,8). Locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes are a type of nucleic acid analog that contain LNA nucleotides spiked throughout a DNA or RNA sequence(9,10). When coupled with flow-FISH, LNA probes have previously been shown to outperform conventional DNA probes(7,11) and have been successfully used to detect eukaryotic mRNA(12) and viral RNA in mammalian cells(5). Here we expand this capability and describe a LNA flow-FISH method which permits the specific detection of RNA in bacterial cells (Figure 1). Specifically, we are interested in the detection of small non-coding regulatory RNA (sRNA) which have garnered considerable interest in the past few years as they have been found to serve as key regulatory elements in many critical cellular processes13. However, there are limited tools to study sRNAs and the challenges of detecting sRNA in bacterial cells is due in part to the relatively small size (typically 50-300 nucleotides in length) and low abundance of sRNA molecules as well as the general difficulty in working with smaller biological cells with varying cellular membranes. In this method, we describe fixation and permeabilzation conditions that preserve the structure of bacterial cells and permit the penetration of LNA probes as well as signal amplification steps which enable the specific detection of low abundance sRNA (Figure 2). C1 [Robertson, Kelly L.; Vora, Gary J.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vora, GJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gary.vora@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research via US Naval Research Laboratory core funds FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research via US Naval Research Laboratory core funds. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD JAN PY 2012 IS 59 AR UNSP e3655 DI 10.3791/3655 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V36PD UT WOS:000209222600049 PM 22258228 ER PT S AU Cheek, GT AF Cheek, G. T. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Electrochemical Investigation of Quinone Complexation by Lewis Acids in a Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALT; ALUMINUM-CHLORIDE; 9,10-ANTHRAQUINONE AB The electrochemical behavior of 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) has been investigated in the initially neutral aluminum chloride : 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid. It has been found that AQ is characterized by a single irreversible redox process in the neutral melt. Additions of AlCl3 cause a positive potential shift, first by the formation of two reversible redox processes corresponding to AlCl3 complexes of AQ under mildly acidic conditions, and then by the appearance of a shifted irreversible redox process in an acidic melt. HfCl4 additions cause similar behavior, except that the reversible systems persist at higher Lewis acid levels than for AlCl3. At the 11:1 Lewis acid: AQ point, AQ is still soluble as an orange solution for AlCl3 additions, but a yellow solid precipitates from a yellow (amber) solution for HfCl4 additions. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cheek, GT (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1149/05011.0079ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200008 ER PT S AU Cheek, GT Roeper, DF O'Grady, WE AF Cheek, G. T. Roeper, D. F. O'Grady, W. E. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Voltammetric Studies of Proton Reduction in 1-Butyl-1-Methylpyrrolidinium Trifluoromethanesulfonate SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co ID TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS; WATER AB The reduction of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (triflic acid) in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (BMPY TfO) has been investigated at platinum. In the concentration range 7 mM to 55 mM, triflic acid undergoes a broad reduction process at -0.25V vs Ag/AgCl at 100 mV/s, followed by a narrower oxidation process at +0.40V. Addition of water results in shifts of these potentials to more central values, with closer peak spacing (340 mV) at the 4.00 : 1.00 mole ratio H2O : triflic acid point. These results suggest that the proton is associated via a three-center bond with two triflate anions in the BMPY TfO / triflic acid solution. Addition of water leads to complexation of the proton by water molecules, with a resulting potential shift for the redox processes. C1 [Cheek, G. T.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Roeper, D. F.; O'Grady, W. E.] EXCET Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [O'Grady, W. E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cheek, GT (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1149/05011.0097ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200010 ER PT S AU Brown, EK Haverhals, LM Foley, MP De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Brown, Eva K. Haverhals, Luke M. Foley, Matthew P. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Electrospinning of Biopolymers from Ionic Liquid-Co-Solvent Systems SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co ID CELLULOSE; DISSOLUTION AB In the present work, solutions of cellulose dissolved in an ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate) and a molecular co-solvent were investigated for their ability to form spinnable fibers at room-temperature without the use of controlled environment or coagulation bath. The impact of polymer, ionic liquid, and solvent concentration on fiber formation and characteristics was investigated. C1 [Brown, Eva K.; Haverhals, Luke M.; Foley, Matthew P.; Trulove, Paul C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Directorate Math Informat & Life, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Brown, EK (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU U. S. Air Force Office; U. S. Naval Academy FX We are grateful to the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding this work and the U. S. Naval Academy for providing facilities. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Air Force or the U. S. Navy. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 595 EP 602 DI 10.1149/05011.0595ecst PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200061 ER PT S AU Haverhals, LM Foley, MP Brown, EK Nevin, LM Fox, DM De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Haverhals, Luke M. Foley, Matthew P. Brown, E. Kathryn Nevin, Laura M. Fox, Douglas M. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Ionic Liquid-based Solvents for Natural Fiber Welding SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co ID ALL-CELLULOSE NANOCOMPOSITE; PROCESS VARIABLES; DISSOLUTION; COMPOSITES; SURFACE AB Certain ionic liquids (ILs) are known to be efficient solvents for biopolymers. That said, solvent efficacy is strongly impacted by the presence of both adventitious molecular components and purposeful additives. For example, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate often contains water and acetic acid (polar protic) impurities (by-products of IL synthesis) that can have significant effects upon the dissolution of biopolymers. Additionally, ILs can be mixed with solvents such as acetonitrile (polar aprotic) that also impact the dissolution process. Data are presented that explore the effect of IL-based solvent composition on fiber welding: the controlled, partial dissolution of fibrous materials to create composite materials. Results suggest that IL-based solvents can be tailored for specific outcomes. Additionally, the fiber welding processes and material analysis techniques utilized are themselves useful to quantify solvent efficacy. C1 [Haverhals, Luke M.; Foley, Matthew P.; Brown, E. Kathryn; Nevin, Laura M.; Trulove, Paul C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Fox, Douglas M.] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Haverhals, LM (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU U. S. Air Force Office; U. S. Naval Academy FX We are grateful to the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and U. S. Naval Academy for funding portions of this work. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Air Force or the U. S. Navy. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 603 EP 613 DI 10.1149/05011.0603ecst PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200062 ER PT S AU Haverhals, LM Brown, EK Foley, MP De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Haverhals, Luke M. Brown, E. Kathryn Foley, Matthew P. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Formation of Surface Structures on Biopolymer Substrates Through the Inkjet Printing of Ionic Liquids SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co ID ALL-CELLULOSE NANOCOMPOSITE; PROCESS VARIABLES; DISSOLUTION; FABRICATION; COMPOSITES AB Ionic liquids (ILs) represent a class of printable material for use in the inkjet technique. Additionally, some ILs are effective solvents for biopolymers (i.e., cellulose and silk). The combination of the ILs ability to solvate biopolymers and the highly controllable delivery of liquids utilized in inkjet printing technology provide a means to pattern substrates and build structures. In this report, the delivery of IL-based solvents to cellulosic papers by inkjet printing is demonstrated. In particular, imaging data that characterize morphological alterations to cellulosic paper substrates are discussed. Results suggest that printed materials with unique properties are possible for a wide range of applications. C1 [Haverhals, Luke M.; Brown, E. Kathryn; Foley, Matthew P.; Trulove, Paul C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Haverhals, LM (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU U. S. Air Force Office; U. S. Naval Academy FX We are grateful to the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding and to the U. S. Naval Academy for facilities utilized to perform this work. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Air Force or the U. S. Navy. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 615 EP 621 DI 10.1149/05011.0615ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200063 ER PT S AU Haverhals, LM Reichert, WM Nazare, S Zammarano, M Gilman, JW De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Haverhals, Luke M. Reichert, W. Matthew Nazare, Shonali Zammarano, Mauro Gilman, Jeffrey W. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Ionic Liquid Facilitated Introduction of Functional Materials into Biopolymer Polymer Substrates SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co ID ALL-CELLULOSE NANOCOMPOSITE; ARAMID COMPOSITE FIBERS; PROCESS VARIABLES; DISSOLUTION; SURFACE AB In addition to being efficient solvents for biopolymers, several ionic liquids (ILs) have been shown to be effective solvents for synthetic polymers such as meta-aramids, i.e., Nomex (R) (1-5). In this report, meta-aramid/cotton composites are generated by the partial dissolution of fibrous materials. Composite materials are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and flammability testing. Results suggest that the ionic liquid facilitated processes demonstrated are potentially powerful methods for enhancing the thermal stability and flammability characteristics of biopolymers without the denaturation of important native micro and meso structures. C1 [Haverhals, Luke M.; Trulove, Paul C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Reichert, W. Matthew] Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Nazare, Shonali; De Long, Hugh C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nazare, Shonali; De Long, Hugh C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Haverhals, LM (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU U. S. Air Force Office; U. S. Naval Academy; National Institute of Standard and Technology FX We are grateful to the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding and to the U. S. Naval Academy for facilities utilized to perform this work. We are also grateful for National Institute of Standard and Technology personnel, funding, and facilities which enabled flammability testing. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Air Force, U. S. Navy, or the National Institute of Standard and Technology. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 631 EP 640 DI 10.1149/05011.0631ecst PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200065 ER PT S AU Roeper, DF Cheek, GT Pandya, KI O'Grady, WE AF Roeper, D. F. Cheek, G. T. Pandya, K. I. O'Grady, W. E. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Cyclic Voltammetry and XAS Studies of Transition Metal Chlorides in the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-Methyl Imidazolium Chloride/Aluminum Chloride SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALT; GAS-PHASE; NICKEL; ALLOYS; ELECTRODEPOSITION; EXAFS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; CHLOROALUMINATE; SPECTROSCOPY; BEHAVIOR AB Anhydrous nickel, niobium and tantalum chlorides were studied with cyclic voltammetry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in acidic and basic aluminum chloride/1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride (EMIC) ionic liquids. Nickel chloride in an acidic melt displays metal stripping peaks which are not observed in the basic melt. XAS analysis shows that the nickel is tetrahedrally coordinated in the basic melt while in the acidic melt, it is coordinated by 6 chloride ions that are also associated with aluminum ions. For Nb2Cl10, the XAS data shows that the Nb has a coordination shell of 5 in both the acidic and basic melts, indicating that the Nb2Cl10 breaks up into two NbCl5 entities in both melts. For Ta2Cl10 in the acidic melt, the tantalum has five chlorides in its coordination shell. In the basic solution, the tantalum is coordinated by 7 chlorides. This indicates that the Lewis acidity of the tantalum chloride causes the Ta to coordinate differently in the acidic and the basic ionic liquids. C1 [Roeper, D. F.] Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Cheek, G. T.; O'Grady, W. E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Pandya, K. I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, SAIC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [O'Grady, W. E.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roeper, DF (reprint author), Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; American Society for Engineering Education; U. S Department of Energy; Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Naval Research, the American Society for Engineering Education and the U. S Department of Energy. This research was carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 643 EP 653 DI 10.1149/05011.0643ecst PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200066 ER PT S AU Sutto, TE Duncan, TT AF Sutto, Thomas E. Duncan, Teresa T. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Intercalation Chemistry of Ionic Liquids SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTROLYTE; NANOCOMPOSITES; BATTERIES; GRAPHITE AB The use of ionic liquids as electrolytes for the intercalation of TiS2 by Li+ and Mg++ has been studied using a short chain and long chain substituted imidazolium based ionic liquid: 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-propylimidazolium and 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-ocylimidazolium, both paired with the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anion. Results indicate co-intercalation of the shorter chain ionic liquid with the Li+ cation, while intercalation into TiS2 was not observed for the longer chain ionic liquid. For the longer chain system, intercalation of TiS2 by both Li+ and Mg++ is observed. Intercalation behavior is characterized by electrochemical and x-ray powder diffraction studies of the intercalates. Charge/discharge efficiencies for the shorter chain ionic liquid were typically below 50%, likely due to co-intercalation of the ionic liquid itself. Charge/discharge experiments of Li+ and Mg++ intercalation into TiS2 using the longer chain ionic liquid resulted in efficiencies over 90 %. C1 [Sutto, Thomas E.] Naval Res Lab, Code 6364,Bldg 3,Rm 225 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Duncan, Teresa T.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6364,Bldg 3,Rm 225 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 655 EP 663 DI 10.1149/05011.0655ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200067 ER PT S AU Fox, DM Zammarano, M Novy, M Haverhals, LM De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Fox, D. M. Zammarano, M. Novy, M. Haverhals, L. M. De Long, H. C. Trulove, P. C. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Dispersion of Organically Modified Layered Silicates in Melt Blended Poly(lactic acid) Composites: Effects of Cation Head Groups and Oxygenated Alkyl Chains SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co ID NANOCOMPOSITES; SUSTAINABILITY; POLYLACTIDES; EXFOLIATION; STABILITY; KINETICS; PLASTICS AB Extruded organically modified layered silicate (OMLS) - poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites exhibit a mixed intercalated/exfoliated morphology. To explore effects of surfactant hydrophobicity and polarity on the quality of dispersion, a series of OMLS were prepared from quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and imidazolium salts, including some synthesized hexadecanoic acid containing ionic liquids. The alkyl chains were modified to include aromatic and oxygen moieties while keeping the same long alkyl chain length. Nile Blue was co-exchanged to add a fluorescent tag to the layered silicates. The effectiveness of this technique for PLA and different Nile Blue salts were assessed. Degree of exfoliation was monitored using x-ray diffraction and fluorescence spectroscopy. Thermal characteristics of the new OMLS were measured. C1 [Fox, D. M.; Zammarano, M.; Novy, M.] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Haverhals, L. M.; Trulove, P. C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, H. C.] US Air Force Off Sci Res, Directorate Math Informat & Life Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. FU Air Force office of Scientific Research [F1ATA00049G002]; NIST-BFRL Extramural Fire Research Grants Program [60NANB11D174] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force office of Scientific Research under Award No. F1ATA00049G002 and by the NIST-BFRL Extramural Fire Research Grants Program under Award No. 60NANB11D174. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials or companies are identified in this paper in order to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the Air Force, Navy, or National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for this purpose. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 665 EP 675 DI 10.1149/05011.0665ecst PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200068 ER PT S AU Boeneman, K Delehanty, JB Susumu, K Stewart, MH Deschamps, JR Medintz, IL AF Boeneman, Kelly Delehanty, James B. Susumu, Kimihiro Stewart, Michael H. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Medintz, Igor L. BE Zahavy, E Ordentlich, A Yitzhaki, S Shafferman, A TI Quantum Dots and Fluorescent Protein FRET-Based Biosensors SO NANO-BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOMEDICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Oholo Conference on Novel Approaches in Nano Bio-Technology for Biomedical and Diagnostics Research CY DEC, 2010 CL Eilat, ISRAEL DE Biosensing; Cell imaging; Fluorescent proteins; Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET); Quantum dots (QDs); Semiconductor; Fluorescence; Enzyme; Caspase ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY; CELLS; BIOCONJUGATION; PEPTIDES; PROGRESS; LIGANDS; PROBES; DONORS AB There has been considerable recent interest in the creation of nanoparticle-biomolecule hybrid materials for uses such as in vitro and in vivo biosensing, biological imaging, and drug delivery. Nanoparticles have a high surface to volume ratio, making them capable of being decorated with various biomolecules on their surface which retain their biological activity. Techniques to bind these biomolecules to nanoparticle surfaces are also advancing rapidly. Here we demonstrate hybrid materials assembled around CdSe/ZnS core/shell semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). These intrinsically fluorescent materials are conjugated to the fluorescent proteins YFP, mCherry and the light harvesting complex b-phycoerythrin (b-PE). QDs have fluorescent properties that make them ideal as donor fluorophores for Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) while the fluorescent proteins are able to act as FRET acceptors displaying many advantages over organic dyes. We examine FRET interactions between QDs and all three fluorescent proteins. Furthermore, we show QD-mCherry hybrid materials can be utilized for in vitro biosensing of caspase-3 enzymatic activity. We further show that QDs and fluorescent proteins can be conjugated together intracellularly with strong potential for live-cell imaging and biosensing applications. C1 [Boeneman, Kelly; Delehanty, James B.; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Stewart, Michael H.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0065-2598 BN 978-94-007-2554-6; 978-94-007-2555-3 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2012 VL 733 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-2555-3_7 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BA9CQ UT WOS:000339176500007 PM 22101713 ER PT B AU Salamanca-Riba, L Isaacs, R Mansour, AN Hall, A Forrest, DR LeMieux, MC Shugart, J AF Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes Isaacs, Romaine Mansour, Azzam N. Hall, Adam Forrest, David R. LeMieux, Melburne C. Shugart, Jason BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI A New Type of Carbon Nanostructure Formed Within a Metal-Matrix SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 1: ADVANCED MATERIALS, CNTS, PARTICLES, FILMS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol DE covetics; metal-carbon compounds; nanocarbon; Raman; EELS ID AMORPHOUS-CARBON; NANOTUBES AB Recent advances in nanomanufacturing have made it possible for large amounts (> 6 wt.%) of carbon to be incorporated as nanoscale carbon during a reaction process in molten aluminum, copper, silver, and other metals. These materials developed by Third Millennium Metals, LLC are called "covetics". The carbon is highly stable despite its form not being predicted in phase diagrams, and remains dispersed after remelting and resolidification. The carbon incorporates into the metal matrix and has an effect on several of the properties of the material. We have performed a detailed investigation of the structure and composition of several covetics using a variety of microscopy and spectroscopy techniques and found that the carbon forms nanoparticles of 5-200 nm diameter that are embedded in the host matrix. EELS spectra obtained from these regions show characteristic shape of carbon nanotubes (CNT). Raman data obtained from these samples also show the G-mode and D-mode characteristic of CNT. C1 [Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes; Isaacs, Romaine] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mansour, Azzam N.; Forrest, David R.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD USA. [Hall, Adam] Univ North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC USA. [LeMieux, Melburne C.] C3Nano, Hayward, CA USA. [Shugart, Jason] Third Millenium Met LLC, Waverly, OH USA. RP Salamanca-Riba, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM riba@umd.edu; azzam.mansour@navy.mil; arhall5@uncg.edu; david.forrest@navy.mil; melbs@3cnano.com; ishugart@Jrnmetals.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6274-5 PY 2012 BP 278 EP 281 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BG7DX UT WOS:000391247800074 ER PT B AU Forrest, DR Jasiuk, I Brown, CL Joyce, P Mansour, A Salamanca-Riba, L AF Forrest, David R. Jasiuk, Iwona Brown, Capt Lloyd Joyce, Peter Mansour, Azzam Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Novel Metal-Matrix Composites with Integrally-Bound Nanoscale Carbon SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 1: ADVANCED MATERIALS, CNTS, PARTICLES, FILMS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol DE nanocarbon; covetic; nanomaterial; metal-matrix composite AB We characterized the chemical, thermophysical, and mechanical properties of nanomaterials with up to 5 wt% nanocarbon (aka "covetics") in aluminum and copper metals. The nanocarbon is detectable by EDS and XPS but not by analytical methods such as LECO and GDMS. Nanocarbon raises the melting point and significantly alters surface tension, and thus porosity, during solidification. Open questions remain about the observation of higher density than would be predicted by the rule of mixtures. In aluminum alloys, we observed an increase in as-rolled strength and hardness with increasing amounts of nanocarbon. In copper, thermal conductivity was anisotropic: up to 50% higher in the extrusion direction and at least 25% lower in the transverse direction, and was different between transient and steady state test conditions. In aluminum, we observed a significant increase in electrical conductivity with nanocarbon, from 47 to 67% IACS. These materials are commercially promising because they are produced by conversion of inexpensive carbon powder to nanocarbon in the melt paving the way for the production of nanomaterials in pyrometallurgical operations with economies of scale. C1 [Forrest, David R.; Mansour, Azzam] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Jasiuk, Iwona] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. [Brown, Capt Lloyd; Joyce, Peter] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Forrest, DR (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM david.r.forrest@navy.mil; ijasiuk@illinois.edu; lbrown@usna.edu; pjoyce@usna.edu; azzam.mansour@navy.mil; riba@umd.edu OI Joyce, Peter/0000-0001-6774-2170; Jasiuk, Iwona/0000-0001-9663-4734 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6274-5 PY 2012 BP 560 EP 563 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BG7DX UT WOS:000391247800148 ER PT B AU Baturina, OA Garsany, Y Gould, BD Swider-Lyons, KE AF Baturina, Olga A. Garsany, Yannick Gould, Benjamin D. Swider-Lyons, Karen E. BE Wang, H Li, H Yuan, XZ TI Contaminant-Induced Degradation SO PEM FUEL CELL FAILURE MODE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; PT/VULCAN CARBON ELECTROCATALYSTS; INDUCED CATHODE DEGRADATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE OPERATION; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; PEMFC PERFORMANCE; AIR CONTAMINANTS; WATER MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; SULFUR-DIOXIDE C1 [Baturina, Olga A.; Garsany, Yannick; Gould, Benjamin D.; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garsany, Yannick] EXCET Inc, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Baturina, OA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 99 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-3918-8; 978-1-4398-3917-1 PY 2012 BP 199 EP 241 PG 43 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BC9BR UT WOS:000356276400009 ER PT B AU Brandt, J AF Brandt, Jordan BE Ayres, P TI The death of determinism SO PERSISTENT MODELLING: EXTENDING THE ROLE OF ARCHITECTURAL REPRESENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Brandt, Jordan] Horizontal Syst, New York, NY 10036 USA. [Brandt, Jordan] Struct Engn Off Adams Kara Taylor, BIM Programme, London, England. [Brandt, Jordan] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. [Brandt, Jordan] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Brandt, Jordan] GSA, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Brandt, J (reprint author), Horizontal Syst, New York, NY 10036 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-59407-3; 978-0-203-78254-5; 978-0-415-59406-6 PY 2012 BP 105 EP 116 PG 12 WC Architecture SC Architecture GA BB4AM UT WOS:000343119500010 ER PT J AU Breed, M Venter, C Harding, AK Johnson, TJ AF Breed, M. Venter, C. Harding, A. K. Johnson, T. J. BE VanRensburg, JJ TI The Effect of Different Magnetospheric Structures on Predictions of Gamma-ray Pulsar Light Curves SO PROCEEDINGS OF SAIP2012: THE 57TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Conference of the South-African-Institute-of-Physics (SAIP) CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Univ Pretoria, Phys Dept, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA SP South African Inst Phys HO Univ Pretoria, Phys Dept ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; RADIATION; POLARIZATION; MODELS; FIELD; GAPS AB The second pulsar catalogue of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) will contain in excess of 100 gamma-ray pulsars. The light curves (LCs) of these pulsars exhibit a variety of shapes, and also different relative phase lags with respect to their radio pulses, hinting at distinct underlying emission properties (e.g., inclination and observer angles) for the individual pulsars. Detailed geometric modelling of the radio and gamma-ray LCs may provide constraints on the B-field structure and emission geometry. We used different B-field solutions, including the static vacuum dipole and the retarded vacuum dipole, in conjunction with an existing geometric modelling code, and constructed radiation sky maps and LCs for several different pulsar parameters. Standard emission geometries were assumed, namely the two-pole caustic (TPC) and outer gap (OG) models. The sky maps and LCs of the various B-field and radiation model combinations were compared to study their effect on the resulting LCs. As an application, we compared our model LCs with Fermi LAT data for the Vela pulsar, and inferred the most probable configuration in this case, thereby constraining Vela's high-altitude magnetic structure and system geometry. C1 [Breed, M.; Venter, C.] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Harding, A. K.] NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Johnson, T. J.] Naval Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC USA. RP Breed, M (reprint author), North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom Campus,Private Bag X6001, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. EM 20574266@nwu.ac.za NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH AFRICAN INST PHYSICS PI LYNNWOOD RIDGE PA POSTNET STE 165, PRIVATE BAG X025, LYNNWOOD RIDGE, 0040, SOUTH AFRICA BN 978-1-77592-070-0 PY 2012 BP 316 EP 321 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BE1GH UT WOS:000367878700055 ER PT J AU Seyffert, AS Venter, C Johnson, TJ Harding, AK AF Seyffert, A. S. Venter, C. Johnson, T. J. Harding, A. K. BE VanRensburg, JJ TI The anatomy of gamma-ray pulsar light curves SO PROCEEDINGS OF SAIP2012: THE 57TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Conference of the South-African-Institute-of-Physics (SAIP) CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Univ Pretoria, Phys Dept, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA SP South African Inst Phys HO Univ Pretoria, Phys Dept ID 2MASS REDSHIFT SURVEY; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; PERSEUS SUPERCLUSTER; MILKY-WAY; AVOIDANCE; GALAXIES; ZONE; EXTENSION; UNIVERSE; CATALOG AB To obtain constraints on the inclination angle (alpha, between the magnetic and rotation axes) and observer angle (zeta, line-of-sight relative to the rotation axis) of a gamma-ray pulsar from its observed light curve (LC), we make use of geometric models detailing the position and extent of emission regions (acceleration gaps) located in the magnetosphere. We do this by generating a sky map of the relative emission intensity for a range of a, and at each a extracting a set of LCs covering the entire range of zeta. This effectively yields an atlas of LCs characterised by a specific set of model parameters, such as pulsar period, gap width and position, and radial gap extent. This atlas can then be used to obtain fits to observed pulsar LCs (including rough errors on alpha and zeta) by eye through a systematic search of the possible (alpha,zeta) solution space. In the case of radio-loud gamma-ray pulsars, significantly better constraints on the viewing geometry (alpha and zeta values) can be obtained by doing this not only for the observed gamma-ray LC, but concurrently for the observed radio LC. This multiwavelength approach has been used successfully to obtain constraints on the viewing geometries of 6 LAT pulsars [1]. It is crucial, however, to understand how the set of model parameters which characterizes an LC atlas, influences the shapes and properties of the LCs contained in that atlas, since such an understanding enables improved parameter constraints, and directs future model refinement. A simple first approach is to vary these parameters and study the changes they bring about in the LCs. This approach proves useful in some respects (and is indeed adequate for understanding the LC atlases produced by the relatively simple radio models). However, due to the complex structure of many of the produced gamma-ray LCs (sometimes displaying up to 4 individual peaks), this approach doesn't give a comprehensive enough understanding of how all the LCs are produced in terms of the underlying magnetospheric structure and accelerator geometry. In this paper we explore a second approach to investigating the interplay between the model parameters and the LC atlas. In this approach we do not attempt to understand how the set of model parameters influences the LC shapes directly, but rather, more fundamentally, investigate how the set of model parameters affects the sky maps from which the latter are extracted. This allows us to also recognise structure within the atlas itself, as we are now able to attribute certain features of the LCs to specific features on the sky map, meaning that we not only understand how the structure of single LCs come about, but how their structure changes as we move through (alpha,zeta)-space, and why. C1 [Seyffert, A. S.; Venter, C.] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Johnson, T. J.] Naval Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Harding, A. K.] NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Seyffert, AS (reprint author), North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom Campus,Private Bag X6001, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. EM 20126999@nwu.ac.za NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH AFRICAN INST PHYSICS PI LYNNWOOD RIDGE PA POSTNET STE 165, PRIVATE BAG X025, LYNNWOOD RIDGE, 0040, SOUTH AFRICA BN 978-1-77592-070-0 PY 2012 BP 373 EP 379 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BE1GH UT WOS:000367878700065 ER PT B AU Cowart, JS Fischer, W Hamilton, LJ Caton, PA Sarathy, SM Pitz, WJ AF Cowart, Jim S. Fischer, Warren Hamilton, Len J. Caton, Patrick A. Sarathy, S. Mani Pitz, William J. GP ASME TI HYDROTREATED RENEWABLE JET FUEL IGNITION DELAY PERFORMANCE IN A MILITARY DIESEL ENGINE: AN EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE - 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY SEP 23-26, 2012 CL Westport Innovat Inc, Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Westport Innovat Inc AB In an effort towards predicting the combustion behavior of a new fuel in a conventional diesel engine, Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ) fuel was first run in a military diesel engine across the entire speed-load operating range. Ignition delay was characterized for this fuel at each operating condition. Next, a HRJ surrogate fuel was developed in order to predict the combustion performance of this new renewable fuel. A chemical ignition delay was then predicted across the speed-load range using a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism model based on an 8-component surrogate representative of HRJ. The modeling suggests that rich fuel-air parcels developed from the diesel spray are the first to ignite. The chemical ignition delay results also show decreasing ignition delays with increasing engine load and speed just as shown by the empirical data. A moderate difference between the total and chemical ignition delays was then characterized as a physical delay period which scales inversely with engine speed. The approach used in this study suggests that the ignition delay and thus start of combustion may be predicted with reasonable accuracy allowing for the analytical assessment of the acceptability of a new fuel in a conventional engine. C1 [Cowart, Jim S.; Fischer, Warren; Hamilton, Len J.; Caton, Patrick A.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Sarathy, S. Mani; Pitz, William J.] LLNl, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cowart, JS (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Sarathy, S. Mani/M-5639-2015 OI Sarathy, S. Mani/0000-0002-3975-6206 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Sharon Beerman-Curtin and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for their support of this work. Appreciation is also extended to Mr. Taylor Holland and AM General for providing the test engine. The work at LLNL performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5509-6 PY 2012 BP 153 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XX UT WOS:000335097100016 ER PT B AU Hamilton, LJ Cowart, JS Luning-Prak, D Caton, PA AF Hamilton, Leonard J. Cowart, Jim S. Luning-Prak, Dianne Caton, Patrick A. GP ASME TI AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NORMAL-HEXADECANE AND ISO-DODECANE BINARY FUEL BLENDS IN A MILITARY DIESEL ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE - 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY SEP 23-26, 2012 CL Westport Innovat Inc, Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Westport Innovat Inc AB The molecular composition of new hydrotreated renewable fuels consists of both straight chain and branched alkanes. These new fuels do not contain aromatic or cyclo-paraffinic hydro-carbon compounds which are regularly seen in conventional petroleum fuels. Both experimental and modeling work has shown that straight chain alkanes have shorter ignition delays (e.g. higher cetane number) as compared to branched alkanes. In order to better understand the effects of branched and straight chain alkanes fuels in diesel engines, an experimental study was pursued using binary blends of iso-dodecane (iC(12)H(26) with abbreviation: iC12) and normal-hexadecane (nC(16)H(34) with abbreviation nC16) in a military diesel engine (AM General HMMWV 'Humvee' engine). Mixtures of 50% iC12 with 50% nC16 as well as 25% iC12 with 75% nC16 were compared to 100% nC16 (cetane) fueled engine operation across the entire speed-load range. Higher nC16 fuel content operation resulted in modestly earlier fuel injection events and combustion phasing that delievered slightly worse engine brake performance (torque and fuel consumption). Interestingly, ignition delay and overall burn durations were relatively insensitive to the binary blends tested. The significantly different physical properties of iC12 relative to nC16 are believed to affect the fuel injection event leading to later fuel injection with increasing iC12 content. Later injection into a hotter chamber mitigates the lower cetane number of the higher iC12 content fuel blends. C1 [Hamilton, Leonard J.; Cowart, Jim S.; Luning-Prak, Dianne; Caton, Patrick A.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hamilton, LJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5509-6 PY 2012 BP 191 EP 203 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XX UT WOS:000335097100020 ER PT B AU Caton, PA Williams, SA Kamin, RA Luning-Prak, D Hamilton, LJ Cowart, JS AF Caton, Patrick A. Williams, Sherry A. Kamin, Richard A. Luning-Prak, Dianne Hamilton, Leonard J. Cowart, Jim S. GP ASME TI HYDROTREATED ALGAE RENEWABLE FUEL PERFORMANCE IN A MILITARY DIESEL ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION SPRING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference CY MAY 06-09, 2012 CL Politecn Torino, Torino, ITALY SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Politecn Torino AB A vegetable oil from algae has been processed into a Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel (HRD) fuel. This HRD fuel was tested in an extensively instrumented legacy military diesel engine along with conventional Navy diesel fuel. Both fuels performed well across the speed-load range of this HMMWV engine. The high cetane value of the HRD (77 v. 43) leads to significantly shorter ignition delays with associated longer combustion durations and modestly lower peak cylinder pressures as compared to diesel fuel operation. Both brake torque and brake fuel consumption are better (5-10%) with HRD due to the cumulative IMEP effect with moderatly longer combustion durations. Carbon dioxide emmisions are considerably lower with HRD due to the improved engine efficiency as well the more advantageous hydrogen-carbon ratio of this HRD fuel. C1 [Caton, Patrick A.; Luning-Prak, Dianne; Hamilton, Leonard J.; Cowart, Jim S.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Williams, Sherry A.; Kamin, Richard A.] NAVAIRSYSCOM, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Cowart, JS (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM cowart@usna.edu FU Sharon Beerman-Curtin and the Office of Naval Research (ONR); AM FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Sharon Beerman-Curtin and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for their support of this work. Appreciation is also extended to Mr. Taylor Holland and AM General for providing the test engine. Additionally, Mr. John Hein, Mr. Charles Baesch and Mr. Bob Woody are thanked for their technical laboratory support. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4466-3 PY 2012 BP 121 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XU UT WOS:000335091000013 ER PT B AU Ghosh, S Risley, T Sobolewski, D Welch, W Williams, S AF Ghosh, Sujit Risley, Tom Sobolewski, David Welch, William Williams, Sherry GP ASME TI MARINE ALTERNATIVE FUEL PERFORMANCE TESTING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION SPRING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference CY MAY 06-09, 2012 CL Politecn Torino, Torino, ITALY SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Politecn Torino AB As part of the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) marine application of alternative fuel initiative, the U.S. Navy provided neat hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD), derived from the hydroprocessing of algal oils, for operational and exhaust emission testing onboard the T/S STATE OF MICHIGAN. This vessel has diesel-electric propulsion with four caterpillar D-398 compression ignition engines; one of these ship service diesel engines was selected as the test engine. The diesel generator sets power both the propulsion motors propelling the ship and provide the electrical power for the hotel loads of the ship. Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) was blended with the neat HRD fuel in a 50/50-by-volume blend and tested for over 440 hours on the vessel. Exhaust emissions testing was performed while underway on Lake Michigan using the baseline ULSD assessed earlier. A similar profile was run using the blended test fuel. Emission testing was conducted using the ISO 8178 (D2) test cycle. When emissions testing was completed a series of underway and pierside test runs were conducted to accumulate the remaining engine hours, After all testing, the engine conditions were assessed again using a combination of visual inspection and oil analysis. The remainder of the test fuel will be used to conduct a long-term stability test. The setup, test, and results of this testing, currently underway, are reported here with a discussion of MARAD's alternative fuels test initiative. C1 [Ghosh, Sujit] US Maritime Adm, Washington, DC 20590 USA. [Risley, Tom] Life Cycle Engn, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Sobolewski, David] TS STATE MICHIGAN, Traverse City, MI USA. [Welch, William] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA. [Williams, Sherry] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Ghosh, S (reprint author), US Maritime Adm, Washington, DC 20590 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4466-3 PY 2012 BP 203 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XU UT WOS:000335091000021 ER PT B AU Sriram, RD Michopoulos, J Kumar, A AF Sriram, Ram D. Michopoulos, John Kumar, Ashok GP ASME TI 32ND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (CIE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div C1 [Sriram, Ram D.] NIST, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. [Michopoulos, John] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kumar, Ashok] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Sriram, RD (reprint author), NIST, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700001 ER PT B AU Wimmer, SA Pan, MJ DeGiorgi, VG Gorzkowski, EP AF Wimmer, Stephanie A. Pan, Ming-Jen DeGiorgi, Virginia G. Gorzkowski, Edward P. GP ASME TI MODELING TAPE CAST CERAMICS WITH LAYERS OF FUGITIVE PHASES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB New fabrication methods for topologically complex monolithic ceramic components with accurate dimensions are being investigated. A common problem in the fabrication of precision ceramic components is controlling the forming process to attain uniform density in the green body; otherwise the tolerances achieved with green ceramics do not carry over to acceptable tolerances on the finished ceramic due to distortion and warping that occur during sintering. One of the fabrication methods under study is the fugitive phase approach in which a sacrificial material is used to form the desired channels and cavities. This paper is a continuation of previously presented work and examines the lamination step of the fugitive phase approach. In the lamination step, the green, pre-sintered, ceramic parts are layered with the sacrificial material parts and pressed together to remove air voids. During pressing uneven pressure distributions can be created in the green ceramic and the fugitive phase parts are slightly displaced or rotated. A computational model of the lamination process is used to examine how the material plasticity of the green ceramic, computational boundary conditions, and pressing duration affect the resulting geometry produced at the end of the lamination step prior to sintering. The resting stress, plastic strain, and deformed shapes are examined and compared. This information is used to complement experimental investigations of the fugitive phase approach. C1 [Wimmer, Stephanie A.; Pan, Ming-Jen; DeGiorgi, Virginia G.; Gorzkowski, Edward P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wimmer, SA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700009 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Iliopoulos, A Young, M AF Michopoulos, John G. Iliopoulos, Athanasios Young, Marcus GP ASME TI TOWARDS STATIC CONTACT MULTIPHYSICS OF ROUGH SURFACES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID INTERFACIAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; WEIERSTRASS-MANDELBROT FUNCTION; THIN INSULATING FILM; SLOW SLIDING REGIME; RESISTANCE THEORY; FRACTAL THEORY; MODEL AB This paper is describing the current status of ongoing work on developing a comprehensive modeling and simulation infrastructure capable of addressing the multiphysics behavior aspects of rough surfaces in contact. The electrical and thermal response of bodies in contact wider the influence of mechanical load electric currents and thermal fluxes, is a topic of interest for many application areas. We are presenting a multiscale theory leading to derivations of expressions of electric and thermal conductivities for the case of static contact. The associated model contains both an asperity based comprehensive model as well as its continuum level coupling. The mechanical pressure and the repulsion effect from electric current through the micro-contacts as well as temperature and strain rate dependence of the plastic behavior of the asperity are accounted for as well. This formalism enables the derivation of physical properties from surface topography and bulk material properties for the interface between two rough surfaces in contact. Numerical analysis results present the dependence of the derived properties from the surface characteristics applied external load and the electric current. C1 [Michopoulos, John G.; Young, Marcus] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 FU Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors acknowledge support for this work by the Naval Research Laboratory's core funding. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 165 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700020 ER PT B AU Russ, B Dabbeeru, MM Chorney, AS Gupta, SK AF Russ, Brian Dabbeeru, Madan M. Chorney, Andrew S. Gupta, Satyandra K. GP ASME TI AUTOMATED ASSEMBLY MODEL SIMPLIFICATION FOR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Analyzing complex 3D assembly models using finite element analysis software requires suppressing parts that are not likely to influence the analysis results, but may significantly improve the computational performance during the analysis. The part suppression step often depends on many factors within the context and application of the model. Currently, most analysts perform this step manually. This step can take a long time to perform on a complex model and can be tedious in nature. In this paper, we present an approach to multi-part suppression based on the specified criteria. We have developed utilities in Pro/Engineer CAD system to identify parts that meet the specified criteria and suppress them. We present several examples to illustrate the value of the proposed approach. C1 [Russ, Brian; Dabbeeru, Madan M.; Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chorney, Andrew S.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Russ, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bruss@umd.edu; mmd@umd.edu; andrew.chorney@navy.mil; skgupta@umd.edu FU Patuxent River Naval Air Warfare Center FX This work is done in collaboration and funded by Patuxent River Naval Air Warfare Center. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 197 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700023 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Iliopoulos, A AF Michopoulos, John G. Iliopoulos, Athanasios GP ASME TI HIGH DIMENSIONAL FULL INVERSE CHARACTERIZATION OF FRACTAL VOLUMES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID INTERFACIAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; WEIERSTRASS-MANDELBROT FUNCTION; DISSIPATED ENERGY DENSITY; ELASTIC-PLASTIC CONTACT; STRAIN-INDUCED DAMAGE; SLOW SLIDING REGIME; ROUGH SURFACES; MULTISCALE ROUGHNESS; SIMULATION; PROFILES AB The present paper describes a methodology for the inverse identification of the complete set of parameters associated with the Weirstrass-Mandelbrot (W-M) function that can describe any fractal scalar field distribution of measured data defined within " a volume. Our effort is motivated by the need to be able to describe a scalar field quantity distribution in a volume in order to be able to represent analytically various non-homogeneous material properties distributions for engineering and science applications. Our method involves utilizing a refactoring of the W-M function that permits defining the characterization problem as a high dimensional singular value decomposition problem for the determination of the so-called phases of the function. Coupled with this process is a second level exhaustive search that enables the determination of the density of the frequencies involved in defining the trigonometric functions involved in the definition of the W-M function. Numerical applications of the proposed method on both synthetic and actual volume data, validate the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed approach. This approach constitutes a radical departure from the traditional fractal dimension characterization studies and opens the road for a very large number of applications and generalizes the approach developed by the authors for fractal surfaces to that of fractal volumes. C1 [Michopoulos, John G.] Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] George Mason Univ Fairfax, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Naval Res Lab, Resident Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 FU Naval Research Laboratory's FX The authors acknowledge support for this work by the Naval Research Laboratory's core funding. The authors are indebted to Dr. Paul Lagace, Aeronautics and Astronautics Professor of Engineering Systems, MacVicar Faculty Fellow at the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics of the Massachusetts Institute of Technonology and his graduate student Jeffrey Chambers, for providing the micro-tomography scans of our composite specimens. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 883 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700098 ER PT B AU Furukawa, T Koo, B Xu, F Michopoulos, JG AF Furukawa, Tomonari Koo, Bonsung Xu, Fei Michopoulos, John G. GP ASME TI MULTI-SENSOR DEFECT IDENTIFICATION UNDER SENSOR UNCERTAINTIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; NETWORK; DAMAGE; LOCALIZATION AB This paper presents a methodology for identifying defects by multiple sensors under the presence of both sensor and defect uncertainties. This methodology introduces a representation of the beliefs of both the locations of defects and the sensors each by a probability density function and updates them using the extended Kalman filter. Since the beliefs are recursively maintained while the sensor is moving and the associated observation data are updated, the proposed methodology considers not only the current observation data but also the prior knowledge, the past observation data and beliefs, which include both sensor and defect uncertainties. The concept of differential entropy also has been introduced and is utilized as a performance measure to evaluate the result of defect identification and handle the identification of multiple defects. The verification and evaluation of the proposed methodology performance were conducted via parametric numerical studies. The results have shown the successful identification Of defects with reduced uncertainty when the number of measurements increases, even under the presence of large sensor uncertainties. Furthermore, the proposed methodology was applied to the more realistic problem of identifying multiple defects located on a specimen and have demonstrated its applicability to practical defect identification problems. C1 [Furukawa, Tomonari; Koo, Bonsung] Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Eng, IALR, 150 Slayton Ave, Danville, VA 24540 USA. [Xu, Fei] Northwestern Polytech Univ, Dept Aeronaut Struct Eng, Shaanxi 210072, Peoples R China. [Michopoulos, John G.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Comp Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Furukawa, T (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Eng, IALR, 150 Slayton Ave, Danville, VA 24540 USA. EM tomonari@vt.edu RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 FU Army International Technology Center - Pacific [FA5209-11-T0204] FX The work described in this paper is supported by the Army International Technology Center - Pacific grant (FA5209-11-T0204). NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 893 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700099 ER PT B AU Furukawa, T Wada, Y Michopoulos, JG Iliopoulos, A AF Furukawa, Tomonari Wada, Yoshitaka Michopoulos, John G. Iliopoulos, Athanasios GP ASME TI PROBABILISTIC VISION-BASED FULL-FIELD DISPLACEMENT AND STRAIN MEASUREMENT VIA UNCERTAINTY PROPAGATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB This paper presents formulations that enable the vision-based measurement of displacement and strain fields extensively in a probabilistic manner. The proposed formulations are built on the dot centroid tracking (DCT) method by digital cameras, which measures the darkness of each pixel in gray scale, identify dots marked on a specimen, derives dot centroids using pixel darkness information and derives displacement and strain fields by tracking the centroids and interpolating the nodal displacements and strains. Under the Gaussian assumption, the proposed formulations analytically propagate the standard deviation of uncertainty in darkness measurement and estimate that in the displacement and strain field measurement. As the first step, the formulations were completed for continuous field measurement with triangular elements. Most advantageously, the proposed formulations allow discussion on measurement error bounds, which also enables the quantitative comparison of the DCT method to the other measurement techniques. For numerical validation, standard deviations of nodal displacements and strains estimated from the known darkness uncertainty were compared to those derived from large samples created with the same darkness uncertainty. The results show the validity of the proposed formulations and their potential in measurement with reliability. C1 [Furukawa, Tomonari] Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Eng, IALR, 150 Slayton Ave, Danville, VA 24540 USA. [Wada, Yoshitaka] Kindai Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Osaka 5778502, Japan. [Michopoulos, John G.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Resident Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Furukawa, T (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Eng, IALR, 150 Slayton Ave, Danville, VA 24540 USA. EM tomonari@vt.edu RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 FU Army International Technology Center - Pacific [FA5209-11-T0204] FX The work described in this paper is supported by the Army International Technology Center - Pacific grant (FA5209-11-T0204). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 981 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700108 ER PT B AU Furukawa, T Pan, JW Cheng, JQ Michopoulos, JG Wada, Y AF Furukawa, Tomonari Pan, Jan Wei Cheng, Jinquan Michopoulos, John G. Wada, Yoshitaka GP ASME TI MULTI-LINEAR MODELING FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID VIRTUAL FIELDS METHOD; PARAMETER-IDENTIFICATION; ELASTIC CHARACTERIZATION; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; MULTIAXIAL TESTS; CONSTANTS; DESIGN AB This paper presents a multi-linear modeling technique to characterize the nonlinear behavior of anisotropic materials. The nonlinear behavior of anisotropic materials is represented with a multi-linear stress-strain model under the assumption that the material is path-, rate- and temperature- independent. The multilinear model is constructed by adopting. the energy-based characterization, which equates the applied external work to the induced strain energy and inversely solves for the multi-linear model. A numerical technique based on Kalman filter stochastically identifies multi-linear coefficients and constructs the multilinear model by modeling prior knowledge and empirical knowledge probabilistically. Since the coefficients are estimated with their associated variance, differential entropy can measure the certainty of all estimated coefficients as a single quantity. The validity of the proposed technique in estimating the multi-linear coefficients has been first demonstrated using pseudo-experimental data created by the finite element analysis. Further investigation of the effectiveness of the proposed technique under different measurement noises show its stable ability for nonlinear characterization of anisotropic materials. C1 [Furukawa, Tomonari] VirginiaTech, Dept Mech Engn, IALR, 150 Slayton Ave, Danville, VA 24540 USA. [Pan, Jan Wei] Liebherr Min Equipment, R&D Mech Grp, Newport News 23607, VA USA. [Cheng, Jinquan] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci Eng, Columbus 43221, OH USA. [Michopoulos, John G.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Comp Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wada, Yoshitaka] Kindai Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Osaka 5778502, Japan. RP Furukawa, T (reprint author), VirginiaTech, Dept Mech Engn, IALR, 150 Slayton Ave, Danville, VA 24540 USA. EM tomonari@vt.edu RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 FU Army International Technology Center - Pacific [FA5209-11-T0204]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0190]; Naval Research Laboratory's FX The work described in this paper is supported by the Army International Technology Center - Pacific grant (FA5209-11-T0204). Partial support from the Office of Naval Research grant (N00014-09-1-0190) and from the Naval Research Laboratory's core funding are also greatly acknowledged. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 989 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700109 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Hermanson, JC Iliopoulos, A AF Michopoulos, John G. Hermanson, John C. Iliopoulos, Athanasios GP ASME TI FIRST INDUSTRIAL STRENGTH MULTI-AXIAL ROBOTIC TESTING CAMPAIGN FOR COMPOSITE MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID ELASTIC CHARACTERIZATION; MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION; ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS; DISPLACEMENT; STIFFNESSES; SENSITIVITY; FORMULATION; STRAINS; MODELS; FIELDS AB In this paper we are reporting on the first successful campaign of systematic, automated and massive multiaxial tests for composite material constitutive characterization. The 6 degrees of freedom system developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) called NRL66.3, was used for this task This was the inaugural run that served as the validation of the proposed overall constitutive characterization methodology. It involved accomplishing performing 1152 tests in 12 business days reaching a peak throughput of 212 tests per day. We describe the context of the effort in terms of the reasoning and the actual methods behind it. Finally, we present representative experimental data and associated constitutive characterization results for representative loading paths. C1 [Michopoulos, John G.] Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 999 EP 1009 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700110 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Iliopoulos, A Hermanson, JC Orifici, AC Thomson, RS AF Michopoulos, John G. Iliopoulos, Athanasios Hermanson, John C. Orifici, Adrian C. Thomson, Rodney S. GP ASME TI PRELIMINARY VALIDATION OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL CONSTITUTIVE CHARACTERIZATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB This paper is describing the preliminary results of an effort to validate a methodology developed for composite material constitutive characterization. This methodology involves using massive amounts of data produced from multiaxially tested coupons via a 6-DoF robotic system called NRL66.3 developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. The testing is followed by the employment of energy based design optimization principles to solve the inverse problem that determines the unknown parameters of the constitutive model under consideration. In order to validate identified constitutive models, finite element simulations using these models were exercised for three distinct specimen geometries. The first geometry was that of the characterization coupon under multiaxial loading. The second was that of open hole specimens in tension. The final one was that of stiffened panel substructures under tension. Actual experimental data from testing all these specimens were collected by the use of load cells, full field displacement and strain methods and strain gauges. Finally, the theoretical predictions were compared with the experimental ones in terms of strain field distributions and load-strain responses. The comparisons demonstrated excellent predictability of the determined constitutive responses with the predictions always within the error band of the methods used to collect the experimental data. C1 [Michopoulos, John G.] Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] Naval Res Lab, Resident Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hermanson, John C.] USDA Forest Serv, Wood Based Mat & Structures, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Orifici, Adrian C.] RMIT Univ, Sch Aerosp, Mech & Mfg Engn, Victoria 3001, Australia. [Thomson, Rodney S.] Adv Composite Structures Ltd, Cooperat Res Ctr, Victoria 3207, Australia. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016; OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838; Orifici, Adrian/0000-0001-8573-7228 FU US Office of Naval Research (ONR) under NICOP [N000140-71-05-68]; Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL); ONR to NRL FX This research was partly supported by the US Office of Naval Research (ONR) under NICOP grant N000140-71-05-68, and Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) core funding as well as funding from ONR to NRL. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance in experimental testing of Mark McVilley of CRC-ACS and Andrew Litchfield of RMIT University. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 1011 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700111 ER PT B AU Iliopoulos, A Michopoulos, JG AF Iliopoulos, Athanasios Michopoulos, John G. GP ASME TI DIRECT STRAIN IMAGING FOR FULL FIELD MEASUREMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID DEFORMATION FUNCTION; DISPLACEMENT AB Full field strain measurement techniques are based on computing the spatial derivatives of the approximation or interpolation of the underlying displacement fields extracted from digital imaging methods. These methods implicitly assume that the medium satisfies the compatibility conditions, which for any practical reason is only true in the case of a continuum body that remains continuum throughout the history of its mechanical loading. In the present work we introduce a method that can be used to calculate the strain components directly from typical digital imaging data, without the need of the continuum hypothesis and the need for displacement field differentiation. Thus it allows the imaging and measurement of strain fields from surfaces with discontinuities (i,.e small cracks). Numerical comparisons are performed based on synthetic data produced from an analytical solution for an open hole domain in tension. Mean absolute error distributions are calculated for the cases of both the traditional mesh free random grid method and the direct strain method introduced in the paper are given. It is established that the more refined representation of strain provided by this approach is more accurate everywhere in the domain, but most importantly, near the boundaries of the representation domain, where the error is higher for traditional methods. C1 [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Michopoulos, John G.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Iliopoulos, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory's FX The authors acknowledge support for this work by the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Laboratory's core funding. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 1021 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700112 ER PT B AU Nichols, JW Lele, SK Ham, FE Martens, S Spyropoulos, JT AF Nichols, Joseph W. Lele, Sanjiva K. Ham, Frank E. Martens, Steve Spyropoulos, John T. GP ASME TI CRACKLE NOISE IN HEATED SUPERSONIC JETS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID SIMULATION AB Crackle noise from heated supersonic jets is characterized by the presence of strong positive pressure impulses resulting in a strongly skewed far-field pressure signal. These strong positive pressure impulses are associated with. "N-shaped" waveforms involving a shock-like compression, and thus is very annoying to observers when it occurs. Unlike broadband shock-associated noise which dominates at upstream angles, crackle reaches a maximum at downstream angles associated with the peak jet noise directivity. Recent experiments [1] have shown that the addition of chevrons to the nozzle lip can significantly reduce crackle, especially in full-scale high-power tests. Because of these observations, it was conjectured that crackle is associated with coherent large scale flow structures produced by the baseline nozzle, and that the formation of these structures are interrupted by the presence of the chevrons, which leads to noise reduction. In particular, shocklets attached to large eddies are postulated as a possible aerodynamic mechanism for the formation of crackle. In this paper, we test this hypothesis through high-fidelity Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of a hot supersonic jet of Mach number 1.56 and total temperature temperature ratio of 3.65. We use the LES solver "CharLES," developed by Cascade Technologies, Inc., to capture the turbulent jet plume on fully-unstructured meshes. C1 [Nichols, Joseph W.; Lele, Sanjiva K.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ham, Frank E.] Cascade Technol Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Martens, Steve] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY USA. [Spyropoulos, John T.] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Nichols, JW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4467-0 PY 2012 BP 337 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4HH UT WOS:000335720700032 ER PT B AU Morscher, GN Baker, C Ramasamy, S Choi, S Faucett, C AF Morscher, Gregory N. Baker, Christopher Ramasamy, Sivakumar Choi, Sung Faucett, Calvin GP ASME TI USE OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION TO ASSESS IMPACT DAMAGE STATES IN TWO SIC-BASED CMCS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; STRESS-RUPTURE; ACCUMULATION; AIR AB The need to assess damage is essential to accurately predict the degradation of the composite properties such as remaining strength and specimen/component life expectancy. Two methods were used to assess as to their usefulness for damage quantification (acoustic emission) and damage monitoring (electrical resistivity) on two different CMC composites which have undergone impact damage. In particular melt-infiltrated composites with fiber types, SA and ZMI, are examined which were impacted with high velocity projectiles (similar to Mach 1), and tested in tension after high velocity impact. Electrical resistivity was used as both an inspection technique (measured before and after impact testing) as well as a damage monitoring technique in parallel with acoustic emission during tensile testing. The effect of damage was evident from the change in measured electrical resistivity due to impact and during tensile testing. It was also evident from AE activity during tensile testing that crack propagation occurred at relatively low stresses for composites with significant impact damage. C1 [Morscher, Gregory N.; Baker, Christopher; Ramasamy, Sivakumar] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Choi, Sung; Faucett, Calvin] NAVAIR, Patuxen, MD USA. RP Morscher, GN (reprint author), Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. FU ONR [N00014-11-10765] FX This work is sponsored by an ONR Grant N00014-11-10765 and monitored by William Nickerson. We also wish to thank Goodrich Inc. for the composites used in this study. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4467-0 PY 2012 BP 487 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4HH UT WOS:000335720700044 ER PT B AU Choi, SR Faucett, DC AF Choi, Sung R. Faucett, D. Calvin GP ASME TI COMBINED EFFECTS OF CMAS AND FOD IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst DE CMAS (calcium-magnesium-aluminosilicate); salt (sodium sulfate); ceramic matrix composites (CMCs); MI SiC/SiC; N720/alumina; oxide/oxide; foreign object damage (FOD); ballistic impact testing; strength degradation; mechanical testing ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; DELAMINATION; INFILTRATION; DEGRADATION; CORROSION; MECHANISM; SUBJECT AB The combined effects of CMAS (calcium magnesium aluminosilicate) and POD (foreign object damage) were determined in three different ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), two melt-infiltrated (MI) SiC/SiCs and one oxide/oxide. Foreign object damage was introduced at ambient temperature in CMC test targets using 1.6 mm steel ball projectiles at an impact velocity of 340 m/s utilizing a ballistic impact gun. One type of target support, partial support, was used. The impact-damaged test coupons were then CMAS-exposed at 1200 degrees C for 10 hrs in air. Additional tests were also performed by exposing impact-damaged test coupons to a mixture of CMAS and salt (sodium sulfate) at 1200 degrees C for 10 hrs in air. The combined effects of POD and CMAS or CMAS/salt were quantified by determining the residual strengths of test coupons after exposures. Also, six different sands ingested into aeroengines were analyzed in their chemical compositions. The melt CMAS solid, melted at 1300 degrees C and solidified, was assessed in its mechanical properties of microhardness and fracture toughness. C1 [Choi, Sung R.; Faucett, D. Calvin] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choi1@navy.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4467-0 PY 2012 BP 493 EP 500 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4HH UT WOS:000335720700045 ER PT B AU Ibrahim, MB Vinci, S Kartuzova, O Volino, RJ AF Ibrahim, Mounir B. Vinci, Samuel Kartuzova, Olga Volino, Ralph J. GP ASME TI CFD SIMULATIONS OF UNSTEADY WAKES ON A HIGHLY LOADED LOW PRESSURE TURBINE AIRFOIL (L1A) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID TRANSITION; FLOWS; LIFT AB A study of a very high lift, low-pressure turbine airfoil in the presence of unsteady wakes was performed computationally and compared against experimental results. The experiments were conducted in a low speed wind tunnel under high (4.9%) and then low (0.6%) freestream turbulence intensity conditions with a flow coefficient (zeta)of 0.7. The experiments were done on a linear cascade with wakes that were produced from moving rods upstream of the cascade with the rod to blade spacing varied from 1 to 1.6 to 2. In the present study two different Reynolds numbers (25,000 and 50,000, based on the suction surface length and the nominal exit velocity from the cascade) were considered. The experimental and computational data have shown that in cases without wakes, the boundary layer separated and did not reattach. The CFD was performed with Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS), Transition-SST, utilizing the finite-volume code ANSYS FLUENT under the same freestream turbulence and Reynolds number conditions as the experiment but only at a rod to blade spacing of 1. With wakes, separation was largely suppressed, particularly if the wake passing frequency was sufficiently high. Similar effect was predicted by 3D CFD simulations. Computational results for the pressure coefficients and velocity profiles were in a reasonable agreement with experimental ones for all cases examined. The 2D CFD efforts failed to capture the three dimensionality effects of the wake and thus were less consistent with the experimental data. As a further computational study, cases were run to simulate higher wake passing frequencies which were not run experimentally. The results of these computational cases showed that an initial 25% increase from the experimental dimensionless wake passing frequency of F=0.45 greatly reduced the size of the separation bubble, nearly completely suppressing it, however an additional 33% increase on top of this did not prove to have much of an effect. C1 [Ibrahim, Mounir B.; Vinci, Samuel] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Kartuzova, Olga] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Volino, Ralph J.] US Naval Acad, Mech Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ibrahim, MB (reprint author), Cleveland State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. EM m.ibrahim@csuohio.edu; olga.kartuzova@nasa.gov; volino@usna.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The grant monitor is Dr. James Heidmann of the NASA Glenn Research Center. The support of the United States Naval Academy Technical Support Department Shop and Fluids Laboratory is greatly appreciated. We greatly appreciate the computer time provided for us by the Ohio Super Computer (OSC). The OSC Computer Cluster has been made available as part of the Center's mission to support Ohio Universities. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4470-0 PY 2012 BP 843 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JP UT WOS:000335868900074 ER PT B AU Enright, MP Moody, JP Chandra, R Pentz, AC AF Enright, Michael P. Moody, Jonathan P. Chandra, Ramesh Pentz, Alan C. GP ASME TI INFLUENCE OF MISSION VARIABILITY ON FRACTURE RISK OF GAS TURBINE ENGINE COMPONENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 7, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The need for application of probabilistic methods to fatigue life prediction of gas turbine engine components is being increasingly recognized by the U.S. Military. A physics-based probabilistic approach to risk assessment provides improved accuracy compared to a statistical assessment of failure data because it can be used to (1) predict future risk and (2) assess the influences of both deterministic and random variables that are not included in the failure data. Probabilistic risk and fatigue life prediction of gas turbine engine fracture critical components requires estimates of the applied stress and temperature values throughout the life of the component. These values are highly dependent upon the, mission type and may vary from flight to flight within the same mission. Currently, standard missions are specified and used during the engine design process, but the associated stresses can differ significantly from stress values that are based on flight data recorder (FDR) information. For this reason, efforts are made to periodically update the standard missions and to assess the impact on component structural integrity and associated risk of fracture. In this paper, the influence of mission type and variability on fracture risk is illustrated for an actual gas turbine engine disk subjected to a number of different mission loadings. Disk stresses associated with each mission were obtained by scaling finite element model results based on RPM values obtained from engine flight recorder data. The variability in stress values throughout the life of the component was modeled using two different approaches to identify the upper and lower bound value influences on the risk of fracture. The remaining variables were based on default values provided in FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 33.14-1 "Damage Tolerance for High Energy Turbine Engine Rotors". The risk of fracture was computed using a probabilistic damage tolerance computer code called DARWIN (R) (Design Assessment of Reliability With Inspection) and compared for each mission type to illustrate the maximum influence of mission type on fracture risk. The results can be used to gain insight regarding the influence of mission type and associated variability on the risk of fracture of realistic engine components. C1 [Enright, Michael P.; Moody, Jonathan P.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Chandra, Ramesh; Pentz, Alan C.] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Enright, MP (reprint author), SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. FU NAVAIR [N00178-05-D-4395 M801] FX This work was supported by NAVAIR under Contract N00178-05-D-4395 M801. The authors wish to acknowledge the finite element modeling support provided by Mr. Jim Maltby of NAVAIR. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4473-1 PY 2012 BP 439 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JO UT WOS:000335868800049 ER PT B AU Gannon, AJ Hobson, GV Hedges, CR Descovich, GL AF Gannon, Anthony J. Hobson, Garth V. Hedges, Collin R. Descovich, Gregory L. GP ASME TI INVESTIGATION AND PREDICTION OF STEAM-INDUCED STALL-MARGIN REDUCTION IN TWO TRANSONIC ROTOR FANS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 8, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB A comprehensive investigation into the behavior of two transonic compressor rotors operating at near-stall conditions while ingesting hot-steam was undertaken. This type of inlet flow was similar to that experienced by naval aircraft during steam catapult launches and has had the potential to adversely affect engine performance. The research was undertaken in three broad areas. The first phase of the investigation was experimental. The Naval Postgraduate School's, transonic compressor rig was modified to include the capability of adding hot steam to the rig inlet flow. Two rotor-only tests, one with an unswept rotor and the other with a forward swept rotor were completed. The experimental program yielded two sets of results. The first was data on the operational behavior of a transonic compressor ingesting a super-heated steam and air mixture, notably the quantification of their stall margin reduction. The second was transient data of the inlet flow which was used in the next phase of the investigation. This second phase was a theoretical analysis based on a thermodynamic model of the inlet flow. It was found that little information was available for higher temperature steam-air mixtures of this type. The analysis used certain simplifying assumptions to perform a fundamental thermodynamic analysis of the inflow. This allowed insights to be gained into the inlet flow properties. The third part of the investigation was numerical. A fully transient simulation over the time period of interest would not be practical due to the large computational requirements that would be needed. A quasi-transient method with large intermediate time-steps was developed. It was found to be reasonable at predicting the stall-margin reduction when compared to the available experimental results while being computationally inexpensive. This would have potential use in design applications and for evaluating existing compressor steam ingestion tolerance. C1 [Gannon, Anthony J.; Hobson, Garth V.; Hedges, Collin R.; Descovich, Gregory L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gannon, AJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Gannon, Anthony/E-9598-2017 OI Gannon, Anthony/0000-0002-4602-4396 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4474-8 PY 2012 BP 2513 EP 2522 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4HJ UT WOS:000335720901057 ER PT B AU McBride, WM AF McBride, William M. BE Leggett, D Dunn, R TI Nineteenth-Century American Warships: The Pursuit of Exceptionalist Design SO RE-INVENTING THE SHIP: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND THE MARITIME WORLD, 1800-1918 SE Corbett Centre for Maritime Policy Studies Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; HISTORY C1 [McBride, William M.] US Naval Acad, Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [McBride, William M.] US Naval Acad, Hist Sci & Technol, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [McBride, William M.] US Naval Acad, Hist Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [McBride, William M.] US Naval Acad, Post Mil & Strateg Hist 1815, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [McBride, William M.] US Naval Acad, Amer Naval Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [McBride, William M.] James Madison Univ, Hist Fac, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [McBride, William M.] Yale Univ, Int Secur Studies Program, Strateg Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-1850-4; 978-1-4094-1849-8 J9 CORB CENTRE MARIT PY 2012 BP 173 EP 207 PG 35 WC Engineering, Marine; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BF9KD UT WOS:000385716300010 ER PT S AU Radamson, HH Noroozi, M Jamshidi, A Thompson, PE Ostling, M AF Radamson, H. H. Noroozi, M. Jamshidi, A. Thompson, P. E. Ostling, M. BE Harame, D Krishnamohan, T Miyazaki, S Reznicek, A Tillack, B Yeo, YC Caymax, M Masini, G Niu, G Saraswat, K Vincent, B Uchida, K TI Strain engineering in GeSnSi materials SO SIGE, GE, AND RELATED COMPOUNDS 5: MATERIALS, PROCESSING, AND DEVICES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th SiGe, Ge, and Related Compounds - Materials, Processing and Devices Symposium held at the 220th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Elect & Photon Div, IBM, Matheson, Voltaix, ASM, Horiba, Appl Mat, Luxtera, Praxair ID SI AB In this study, Ge1-x-ySnxSiy layers (0.01 <= x <= 0.06 and 0 <= y <= 0.12) using Ge2H6, SnCl4 (SnD4) and Si2H6 have successfully grown at 290-310 degrees C on Ge virtual layer on Si(100) by using RPCVD technique. It has been demonstrated that the quality of epitaxial layers is dependent on the growth parameters, layer thickness and the quality of Ge virtual layer. The incorporation of P and B in GeSn matrix has been studied and the effect of dopant specie and concentration on Sn content has been presented. It was found that a proper balance of P, B or Si and Sn flux during the epitaxy improves the incorporation of Sn in Ge matrix. This is explained by the compensation of tensile strain induced by dopants or Si with the compressive strain caused by Sn to obtain the minimum energy in Ge matrix. P-i-n type doped structures of Ge-Sn-Si were grown and the layer quality was analyzed. C1 [Radamson, H. H.; Noroozi, M.; Jamshidi, A.; Ostling, M.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Devices & Circuits, Electrum 229, S-16640 Kista, Sweden. [Thompson, P. E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Radamson, HH (reprint author), KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Devices & Circuits, Electrum 229, S-16640 Kista, Sweden. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-357-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 9 BP 527 EP 531 DI 10.1149/05009.0527ecst PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA8DR UT WOS:000338015300062 ER PT S AU Murray, W AF Murray, Williamson BE OConnell, ME TI History and War: The Grim Record of the Past SO WHAT IS WAR?: AN INVESTIGATION IN THE WAKE OF 9/11 SE International Humanitarian Law Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Murray, Williamson] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Murray, Williamson] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Murray, Williamson] Air War Coll, Montgomery, AL USA. [Murray, Williamson] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. [Murray, Williamson] Naval War Coll, Newport, RI USA. [Murray, Williamson] Marine Corps Univ, Quantico, VA USA. [Murray, Williamson] Smithsonians Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC USA. [Murray, Williamson] Army War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Murray, W (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARTINUS NIJHOFF PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 163, AD-3300 DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-6776 BN 978-90-47-42581-6; 978-90-04-17234-0 J9 INT HUMANIT LAW PY 2012 VL 37 BP 183 EP 193 D2 10.1163/9789047425816 PG 11 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BA6KZ UT WOS:000337173100014 ER PT S AU Grassey, T AF Grassey, Thomas BE OConnell, ME TI The Precariousness of Rules SO WHAT IS WAR?: AN INVESTIGATION IN THE WAKE OF 9/11 SE International Humanitarian Law Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grassey, Thomas] US Naval War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Grassey, Thomas] USS MASSEY DD 778, Naples, Italy. [Grassey, Thomas] Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base, Naval Weap Orientat Grp, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. [Grassey, Thomas] Naval Postgrad Sch, Intelligence Studies Program, Monterey, CA USA. [Grassey, Thomas] Naval War Coll Press, Newport, RI USA. RP Grassey, T (reprint author), US Naval War Coll, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARTINUS NIJHOFF PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 163, AD-3300 DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-6776 BN 978-90-47-42581-6; 978-90-04-17234-0 J9 INT HUMANIT LAW PY 2012 VL 37 BP 211 EP 215 D2 10.1163/9789047425816 PG 5 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BA6KZ UT WOS:000337173100017 ER PT J AU Baggenstoss, PM AF Baggenstoss, Paul M. TI On the Equivalence of Hanning-Weighted and Overlapped Analysis Windows Using Different Window Sizes SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Parameter estimation; pulse-length estimation; time series analysis; window functions AB This letter is concerned with time-series analysis using overlapped processing windows shaded using the Hanning window function, such as is used in short-time Fourier transform (STFT) analysis. We present a special case where different analysis window sizes produce equivalent outputs where equivalence is defined by the existence of an orthonormal linear transformation relating the two analyses. We apply the concept to the problem of detecting pulses of unknown duration in Gaussian noise. We also demonstrate how the method can be used to apply the PDF projection theorem to shaded overlapped processing windows. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baggenstoss, PM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM p.m.baggenstoss@ieee.org FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center FX This work was supported by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center's in-house laboratory independent research (ILIR) program. Unclassified. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Kenneth E. Barner. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 19 IS 1 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.1109/LSP.2011.2175727 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 855SD UT WOS:000297583800004 ER PT J AU Champlain, JG AF Champlain, James G. TI A physics-based, small-signal model for graphene field effect transistors SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; Transistor; Small-signal model ID EPITAXIAL-GRAPHENE AB In this letter, a small-signal model for the graphene-based field effect transistor based on a physical description of the device's operation is presented. The small-signal model contains circuit elements similar to classical small-signal models for field effect transistors but these elements differ vastly in their behavior with bias, owing to the different physical behavior of these devices. Intrinsic and extrinsic small-signal models are presented. The high-frequency performance of the models in terms of short-circuit current gain and Mason's unilateral gain, and associated frequency figures-of-merit, are examined. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Champlain, JG (reprint author), USN, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.champlain@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The author would like to thank D.A. Deen for his helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 67 IS 1 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2011.07.015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 859LT UT WOS:000297878600010 ER PT J AU Champlain, JG Magno, R Park, D Newman, HS Boos, JB AF Champlain, James G. Magno, Richard Park, Doewon Newman, Harvey S. Boos, J. Brad TI High-frequency, 6.2 angstrom pN heterojunction diodes SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Semiconductor devices; Diodes; Mixers; Frequency conversion ID COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC DEVICES; OHMIC CONTACTS; LOW-RESISTANCE; ALLOYS AB Sb-based pN heterojunction diodes at 6.2 angstrom, consisting of narrow bandgap p-type In(0.27)Ga(0.73)Sb and wide bandgap n-type In(0.69)Al(0.41)As(0.41)Sb(0.59), have been fabricated and measured. These diodes show excellent electrical characteristics with an ideality factor of 1.2 and high current density. S-parameter measurements and subsequent analysis show that these diodes have RC-cutoff frequencies over 1 THz, making these diodes excellent choices for high-frequency applications, such as sub-harmonic mixers for frequency conversion. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Champlain, James G.; Magno, Richard; Park, Doewon; Newman, Harvey S.; Boos, J. Brad] USN, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Champlain, JG (reprint author), USN, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.champlain@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 67 IS 1 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2011.07.010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 859LT UT WOS:000297878600018 ER PT J AU Galanis, G Chu, PC Kallos, G Kuo, YH Dodson, CTJ AF Galanis, George Chu, Peter C. Kallos, George Kuo, Yu-Heng Dodson, C. T. J. TI Wave height characteristics in the north Atlantic ocean: a new approach based on statistical and geometrical techniques SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Numerical wave prediction models; Distribution of significant wave height; Radar altimetry; Information geometry; Fisher information metric ID ALTIMETER DATA; ASSIMILATION; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; PREDICTIONS; PASSAGE; MAXIMUM AB The main characteristics of the significant wave height in an area of increased interest, the north Atlantic ocean, are studied based on satellite records and corresponding simulations obtained from the numerical wave prediction model WAM. The two data sets are analyzed by means of a variety of statistical measures mainly focusing on the distributions that they form. Moreover, new techniques for the estimation and minimization of the discrepancies between the observed and modeled values are proposed based on ideas and methodologies from a relatively new branch of mathematics, information geometry. The results obtained prove that the modeled values overestimate the corresponding observations through the whole study period. On the other hand, 2-parameter Weibull distributions fit well the data in the study. However, one cannot use the same probability density function for describing the whole study area since the corresponding scale and shape parameters deviate significantly for points belonging to different regions. This variation should be taken into account in optimization or assimilation procedures, which is possible by means of information geometry techniques. C1 [Galanis, George] Hellen Naval Acad, Sect Math, Xatzikyriakion 18539, Piraeus, Greece. [Galanis, George; Kallos, George] Univ Athens, Sch Phys, Atmospher Modeling & Weather Forecasting Grp, Div Environm Phys Meteorol, Athens 15784, Greece. [Chu, Peter C.; Kuo, Yu-Heng] USN, Dept Oceanog, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Dodson, C. T. J.] Univ Manchester, Sch Math, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Galanis, G (reprint author), Hellen Naval Acad, Sect Math, Xatzikyriakion 18539, Piraeus, Greece. EM ggalanis@mg.uoa.gr FU MARINA [241402]; Research Promotion Foundation of Cyprus FX This work was partially supported by the MARINA project (7th Framework Programme, Grant agreement number: 241402, http://www.marina-platform.info/), and the E-wave project (funded by the Research Promotion Foundation of Cyprus, http://www.oceanography.ucy.ac.cy/ewave/). The anonymous reviewers are also acknowledged for their constructive suggestions that essentially contributed to the final form of this work. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 EI 1436-3259 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 26 IS 1 BP 83 EP 103 DI 10.1007/s00477-011-0540-2 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 858YK UT WOS:000297839400007 ER PT J AU Zhou, Z Peng, Z Cui, JH Jiang, ZH AF Zhou, Zhong Peng, Zheng Cui, Jun-Hong Jiang, Zaihan TI Handling Triple Hidden Terminal Problems for Multichannel MAC in Long-Delay Underwater Sensor Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Underwater acoustic sensor network; multichannel; medium access control; energy efficiency ID COLLISION-AVOIDANCE PROTOCOL; CHALLENGES; COMMUNICATION AB In this paper, we investigate the multichannel MAC problem in underwater acoustic sensor networks. To reduce hardware cost, only one acoustic transceiver is often preferred on every node. In a single-transceiver multichannel long-delay underwater network, new hidden terminal problems, namely, multichannel hidden terminal and long-delay hidden terminal (together with the traditional multihop hidden terminal problem, we refer to them as "triple hidden terminal problems"), are identified and studied in this paper. Based on our findings, we propose a new MAC protocol, called CUMAC, for long-delay multichannel underwater sensor networks. CUMAC utilizes the cooperation of neighboring nodes for collision detection, and a simple tone device is designed for distributed collision notification, providing better system efficiency while keeping overall cost low. Analytical and simulation results show that CUMAC can greatly improve the system throughput and energy efficiency by effectively solving the complicated triple hidden terminal problems. C1 [Zhou, Zhong; Peng, Zheng; Cui, Jun-Hong] Univ Connecticut, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Jiang, Zaihan] USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhou, Z (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 371 Fairfield Way,Unit 2155, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM zhz05002@engr.uconn.edu; zhengpeng@engr.uconn.edu; jcui@engr.uconn.edu; zaihan.jiang@nrl.navy.mil RI Peng, Zheng/J-3629-2014 OI Peng, Zheng/0000-0001-9055-1436 FU US National Science Foundation [0644190, 0709005, 0721834, 0821597]; US Office of Navy Research under YIP [N000140810864] FX This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation under CAREER Grant No. 0644190, Grant No. 0709005, Grant No. 0721834, and Grant No. 0821597, and the US Office of Navy Research under YIP Grant No. N000140810864. Part of this work was presented at IEEE INFOCOM 2010, San Diego, California. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1233 J9 IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT JI IEEE. Trans. Mob. Comput. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 139 EP 154 DI 10.1109/TMC.2011.28 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 852PY UT WOS:000297371100012 ER PT J AU Pirlo, RK Wu, P Liu, J Ringeisen, B AF Pirlo, Russell Kirk Wu, Peter Liu, Jinny Ringeisen, Bradley TI PLGA/hydrogel biopapers as a stackable substrate for printing HUVEC networks via BioLP (TM) SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE biopaper; PLGA scaffold; tissue engineering; HUVEC; microvascular; cell printing ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; IN-VITRO; PLGA SCAFFOLDS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; CAPILLARY MORPHOGENESIS; BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; BLOOD-VESSELS; CELL; ANGIOGENESIS AB Two major challenges in tissue engineering are mimicking the native cellcell arrangements of tissues and maintaining viability of three-dimension (3D) tissues thicker than 300 mu m. Cell printing and prevascularization of engineered tissues are promising approaches to meet these challenges. However, the printing technologies used in biofabrication must balance the competing parameters of resolution, speed, and volume, which limit the resolution of thicker 3D structures. We suggest that high-resolution conformal printing techniques can be used to print 2D patterns of vascular cells onto biopaper substrates which can then be stacked to form a thicker tissue construct. Towards this end we created 1cmx1cmx300 mu m biopapers to be used as the transferable, stackable substrate for cell printing. 3.6% w/v poly-lactide-co-glycolide was dissolved in chloroform and poured into molds filled with NaCl crystals. The salt was removed with DI water and the scaffolds were dried and loaded with a Collagen Type I or Matrigel (TM). SEM of the biopapers showed extensive porosity and gel loading throughout. Biological laser printing (BioLP (TM)) was used to deposit human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in a simple intersecting pattern to the surface of the biopapers. The cells differentiated and stretched to form networks preserving the printed pattern. In a separate experiment to demonstrate stackability, individual biopapers were randomly seeded with HUVECs and cultured for 1 day. The mechanically stable and viable biopapers were then stacked and cultured for 4 days. Three-dimensional confocal microscopy showed cell infiltration and survival in the compound multilayer constructs. These results demonstrate the feasibility of stackable biopapers as a scaffold to build 3D vascularized tissues with a 2D cell-printing technique. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 262273. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Ringeisen, Bradley] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pirlo, Russell Kirk] Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Wu, Peter] So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Liu, Jinny] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ringeisen, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradley.ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL BLK 6.2 [62236N]; ONR through NRL BLK [62236N] FX Contract grant sponsor: NRL BLK 6.2; Contract grant number: PE#62236N; Ashutosh Goel contributed to the computer aided design (CAD) translation to G-code programming. This work was supported by ONR through NRL BLK 6.2 funds (PE#62236N). R. K. P. thanks the National Research Council for his postdoctoral associateship. NR 68 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 73 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 109 IS 1 BP 262 EP 273 DI 10.1002/bit.23295 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 849FF UT WOS:000297110300027 PM 21830203 ER PT J AU Gannon, AJ Hobson, GV Davis, WL AF Gannon, Anthony J. Hobson, Garth V. Davis, William L. TI Axial Transonic Rotor and Stage Behavior Near the Stability Limit SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSORS AB Transient casing pressure data from a transonic rotor and rotor-stator stage measured using high-speed pressure probes embedded in the casewall over the rotor tips are analyzed. Using long data sets sampled at a high frequency, low-frequency (less than once-per-revolution) nonaxisymmetric flow phenomena were detected while operating at steady-state conditions near stall. Both the rotor and stage cases are investigated, and the difference in behavior of a rotor with and without a stator blade row is investigated. Data for both cases over the speed range 70-100% of design and from choke to near the stability limit (stall or surge) are presented. The root mean square power of the low-frequency signal as well as its fraction of the total pressure signal is presented. It was thought that the behavior of these signals as stall was approached could lead to some method of detecting the proximity of stall. For the rotor-only configuration, the strength of these nonaxisymmetric phenomena increased as stall was approached for all speed-lines. However, for the stage configuration, more representative of an operational machine, these were of a lower magnitude and did not exhibit a clearly increasing trend as stall was approached. This would seem to indicate that the stator suppressed these signals somewhat. It is also shown that these nonaxisymmetric phenomena led to a significant variation of the mean relative inlet flow angle into the rotor blade. During stable operation near to stall at 100% speed for the rotor-only case, a 1.9 deg variation of this angle was measured. This compared with a 5.6 deg variation over the entire speed-line. Further, it was observed that while the rotor and stage cases had different stability limits, their peak relative inlet flow angles near stall were similar for both along most speed-lines. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4003225] C1 [Gannon, Anthony J.; Hobson, Garth V.; Davis, William L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept MAE, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. RP Gannon, AJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept MAE, 700 Dyer Rd,RM 245, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. EM ajgannon@nps.edu; gvhobson@nps.edu; william.l.davis@uscg.mil RI Gannon, Anthony/E-9598-2017 OI Gannon, Anthony/0000-0002-4602-4396 FU Propulsion and Power Department of the Naval Air Warfare Centre, Patuxent River, MD FX This study was part of the compressor research program sponsored by the Propulsion and Power Department of the Naval Air Warfare Centre, Patuxent River, MD, with Ravi Ravindranath as the technical monitor. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2012 VL 134 IS 1 AR 011009 DI 10.1115/1.4003225 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 773QG UT WOS:000291322100009 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ AF Volino, Ralph J. TI Effect of Unsteady Wakes on Boundary Layer Separation on a Very High Lift Low Pressure Turbine Airfoil SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE INTENSITY; SUCTION SURFACE; FLOW CONDITION; TRANSITION; BLADE; REGION AB Boundary layer separation has been studied on a very high lift, low pressure turbine airfoil in the presence of unsteady wakes. Experiments were done under low (0.6%) and high (4%) freestream turbulence conditions on a linear cascade in a low speed wind tunnel. Wakes were produced from moving rods upstream of the cascade. Flow coefficients were varied from 0.35 to 1.4 and wake spacing was varied from one to two blade spacings, resulting in dimensionless wake passing frequencies F = fL(j-te)/U(ave) (f is the frequency, L(j-te) is the length of the adverse pressure gradient region on the suction surface of the airfoils, and U(ave) is the average freestream velocity) ranging from 0.14 to 0.56. Pressure surveys on the airfoil surface and downstream total pressure loss surveys were documented. Instantaneous velocity profile measurements were acquired in the suction surface boundary layer and downstream of the cascade. Cases were considered at Reynolds numbers (based on the suction surface length and the nominal exit velocity from the cascade) of 25,000 and 50,000. In cases without wakes, the boundary layer separated and did not reattach. With wakes, separation was largely suppressed, particularly if the wake passing frequency was sufficiently high. At lower frequencies the boundary layer separated between wakes. Background freestream turbulence had some effect on separation, but its role was secondary to the wake effect. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4003232] C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM volino@usna.edu RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNC07IA10I]; United States Naval Academy Technical Support Department Shop; Fluids Laboratory FX This work was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNC07IA10I. The grant monitors were Dr. Anthony Strazisar and Dr. James Heidmann of the NASA Glenn Research Center. The support of the United States Naval Academy Technical Support Department Shop and Fluids Laboratory is greatly appreciated. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2012 VL 134 IS 1 AR 011011 DI 10.1115/1.4003232 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 773QG UT WOS:000291322100011 ER PT J AU Miller, MS Wakefield, M AF Miller, Matthew S. Wakefield, Max TI Edge Colored Hypergraphic Arrangements SO PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE Subspace arrangements; characteristic polynomial; Massey products ID SUBSPACE ARRANGEMENTS; COMPLEMENT; COMPLEXES AB A subspace arrangement defined by intersections of hyperplanes of the braid arrangement can be encoded by an edge colored hypergraph. It turns out that the characteristic polynomial of this type of subspace arrangement is given by a generalized chromatic polynomial of the associated edge colored hypergraph. The main result of this paper supplies a sufficient condition for the existence of non-trivial Massey products of the subspace arrangements complex complement. This is accomplished by studying a spectral sequence associated to the Lie coalgebras of Sinha and Walter. C1 [Miller, Matthew S.] Vassar Coll, Dept Math, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. [Wakefield, Max] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Miller, MS (reprint author), Vassar Coll, Dept Math, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. EM mamiller@vassar.edu; wakefiel@usna.edu FU NSF [0600893]; NSF Japan FX The second author has been supported by NSF grant # 0600893 and the NSF Japan program. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PRESS BOSTON, INC PI SOMERVILLE PA PO BOX 43502, SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 USA SN 1558-8599 EI 1558-8602 J9 PURE APPL MATH Q JI Pure Appl. Math. Q. PY 2012 VL 8 IS 3 BP 757 EP 779 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 700UL UT WOS:000285769700009 ER PT J AU Shim, JS Kuznetsova, M Rastatter, L Hesse, M Bilitza, D Butala, M Codrescu, M Emery, B Foster, B Fuller-Rowell, T Huba, J Mannucci, AJ Pi, X Ridley, A Scherliess, L Schunk, RW Stephens, P Thompson, DC Zhu, L Anderson, D Chau, JL Sojka, JJ Rideout, B AF Shim, J. S. Kuznetsova, M. Rastaetter, L. Hesse, M. Bilitza, D. Butala, M. Codrescu, M. Emery, B. Foster, B. Fuller-Rowell, T. Huba, J. Mannucci, A. J. Pi, X. Ridley, A. Scherliess, L. Schunk, R. W. Stephens, P. Thompson, D. C. Zhu, L. Anderson, D. Chau, J. L. Sojka, J. J. Rideout, B. TI CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge for systematic assessment of ionosphere/thermosphere models: NmF2, hmF2, and vertical drift using ground-based observations SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; COUPLED ELECTRODYNAMICS; LOWER ATMOSPHERE; PHYSICAL MODELS; ART.; SATELLITE; MIDDLE; RADAR; VELOCITIES AB Objective quantification of model performance based on metrics helps us evaluate the current state of space physics modeling capability, address differences among various modeling approaches, and track model improvements over time. The Coupling, Energetics, and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions (CEDAR) Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge was initiated in 2009 to assess accuracy of various ionosphere/thermosphere models in reproducing ionosphere and thermosphere parameters. A total of nine events and five physical parameters were selected to compare between model outputs and observations. The nine events included two strong and one moderate geomagnetic storm events from GEM Challenge events and three moderate storms and three quiet periods from the first half of the International Polar Year (IPY) campaign, which lasted for 2 years, from March 2007 to March 2009. The five physical parameters selected were NmF2 and hmF2 from ISRs and LEO satellites such as CHAMP and COSMIC, vertical drifts at Jicamarca, and electron and neutral densities along the track of the CHAMP satellite. For this study, four different metrics and up to 10 models were used. In this paper, we focus on preliminary results of the study using ground-based measurements, which include NmF2 and hmF2 from Incoherent Scatter Radars (ISRs), and vertical drifts at Jicamarca. The results show that the model performance strongly depends on the type of metrics used, and thus no model is ranked top for all used metrics. The analysis further indicates that performance of the model also varies with latitude and geomagnetic activity level. C1 [Shim, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Butala, M.; Mannucci, A. J.; Pi, X.; Stephens, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Codrescu, M.; Fuller-Rowell, T.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chau, J. L.] Inst Geofis Peru, Radio Observat Jicamarca, Lima, Peru. [Emery, B.; Foster, B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Huba, J.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rideout, B.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Ridley, A.] Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Scherliess, L.; Schunk, R. W.; Zhu, L.; Sojka, J. J.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Thompson, D. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Anderson, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shim, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Bldg 21,251,Mail Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jasoon.shim@nasa.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; Rastaetter, Lutz/D-4715-2012; Kuznetsova, Maria/F-6840-2012; Chau, Jorge/C-7568-2013; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; Scherliess, Ludger/A-7499-2016 OI Rastaetter, Lutz/0000-0002-7343-4147; Chau, Jorge/0000-0002-2364-8892; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; Scherliess, Ludger/0000-0002-7388-5255 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) through Cornell University [0905448]; NSF FX The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peru operated with support from National Science Foundation (NSF) award AGS-0905448 through Cornell University. The Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar is supported by the NSF. This study made use of the CEDAR Data Base at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is supported by the NSF. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC 31 PY 2011 VL 9 AR S12003 DI 10.1029/2011SW000727 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 871TH UT WOS:000298760100002 ER PT J AU Heuer, AH Kahn, H Natishan, PM Martin, FJ Cross, LE AF Heuer, A. H. Kahn, H. Natishan, P. M. Martin, F. J. Cross, L. E. TI Electrostrictive stresses and breakdown of thin passive films on stainless steel SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Stainless steel; Corrosion; Passive film; Electrostrictive stress ID SURFACE-ANALYSIS; BORATE BUFFER; ELASTIC LAYER; CHLORIDE-ION; OXIDE FILMS; XPS; IRON; AES; SIMS; STABILITY AB A chemomechanical model of passive film breakdown (pitting corrosion) of stainless steel undergoing anodic oxidation is presented; it also likely has validity for many other Cr-containing corrosion-resistant alloys. The model is based on several recent observations. Firstly, remarkable improvements in corrosion resistance of 316L austenitic stainless steel have been realized by low temperature interstitial hardening [1,2]. Secondly, as reported by Natishan et al. [3], XPS studies of 316L stainless steel samples polarized in 0.6 M NaCl solutions at various potentials did not reveal any chloride incorporated into or chemisorbed on the passive oxide film. Also, the removal of MnS inclusions by electropolishing does not produce the same improvements in corrosion resistance as interstitial hardening, and the Cr:Fe ratio in the passive film is not enhanced by interstitial hardening [4]. Lastly, we have observed [4] that for 316L stainless steel in 0.6 M NaCl solutions, film breakdown occurs at a critical average film thickness of approximate to 3 nm. These observations preclude the current models of passive film breakdown, which invariably involve chloride incorporation, while the final finding suggests a chemomechanical effect. To explain these observations, we appeal to the large electric fields present during anodic oxidation which cause large electrostrictive stresses. These add to the "intrinsic" or growth stresses that inevitably accompany thin film growth. The combined stresses in turn can induce morphological instabilities-thickness fluctuations in the passive film to reduce the strain energy density within the films. Dielectric breakdown leading to pitting corrosion can then occur in the thinnest regions of the films. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Heuer, A. H.; Kahn, H.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Natishan, P. M.; Martin, F. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cross, L. E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Heuer, AH (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM heuer@case.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Dr. Airan Perez, Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD DEC 30 PY 2011 VL 58 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.09.027 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 871VH UT WOS:000298765300023 ER PT J AU O'Grady, WE Roeper, DF Natishan, PM AF O'Grady, William E. Roeper, Donald F. Natishan, Paul M. TI Structure of Chlorine K-Edge XANES Spectra During the Breakdown of Passive Oxide Films on Aluminum SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID METASTABLE PITTING BEHAVIOR; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; ELECTRON-DENSITY; SPECTROSCOPY; IONS; BACKSCATTERING; CL AB We generated molecular simulations of Cl(-) interacting at different sites in aluminum oxide models and carried out FEFF8 calculations to obtain the local l-projected density of states (LDOS) spectra. These are compared to our earlier experimental X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) data in order to study the interactions of chloride ions with the passive oxide film on aluminum as a function of electrochemical potential at the Cl K edge. This led to a number of new insights in the mechanism of the breakdown of the passive film in chloride solutions. Importantly, we show the chloride first attacks the hydroxyl components of the aluminum oxide, penetrates the oxide film, and finally attacks the metal surface. C1 [O'Grady, William E.; Natishan, Paul M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roeper, Donald F.] EXCET Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP O'Grady, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6134, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ogrady@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; American Society for Engineering Education; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Naval Research and the American Society for Engineering Education. This research was carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 29 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 51 BP 25298 EP 25303 DI 10.1021/jp2056305 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 864CO UT WOS:000298214800015 ER EF