FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Zimmerman, AT Lynch, JP Ferrese, FT AF Zimmerman, Andrew T. Lynch, Jerome P. Ferrese, Frank T. TI Market-Based Resource Allocation for Distributed Data Processing in Wireless Sensor Networks SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON EMBEDDED COMPUTING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Performance; Experimentation; Wireless sensor networks; optimization; pricing; distributed algorithms ID ALGORITHMS; SYSTEMS AB In recent years, improved wireless technologies have enabled the low-cost deployment of large numbers of sensors for a wide range of monitoring applications. Because of the computational resources (processing capability, storage capacity, etc.) collocated with each sensor in a wireless network, it is often possible to perform advanced data analysis tasks autonomously and in-network, eliminating the need for the post-pocessing of sensor data. With new parallel algorithms being developed for in-network computation, it has become necessary to create a framework in which all of a wireless network's scarce resources (CPU time, wireless bandwidth, storage capacity, battery power, etc.) can be best utilized in the midst of competing computational requirements. In this study, a market-based method is developed to autonomously distribute these scarce network resources across various computational tasks with competing objectives and/or resource demands. This method is experimentally validated on a network of wireless sensing prototypes, where it is shown to be capable of Pareto-optimally allocating scarce network resources. Then, it is applied to the real-world problem of rupture detection in shipboard chilled water systems. C1 [Zimmerman, Andrew T.; Lynch, Jerome P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ferrese, Frank T.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Zimmerman, AT (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM atzimmer@umich.edu; jerlynch@umich.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-1-0596, N00014-09-C0103]; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program FX This work is supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (Contracts N00014-05-1-0596 and N00014-09-C0103 granted to J. P. Lynch). Additional support has been provided to A. T. Zimmerman by the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1539-9087 EI 1558-3465 J9 ACM T EMBED COMPUT S JI ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 12 IS 3 AR 84 DI 10.1145/2442116.2442134 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 175FS UT WOS:000321216900018 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL Rachford, FJ AF Carroll, Thomas L. Rachford, Frederic J. TI Object identification based on filtering SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID TARGET IDENTIFICATION; RADAR; NOISE AB The authors use an acoustic experiment to test a method for identifying radar or sonar targets based on information from the target's impulse response function. The new algorithm uses a long modulated pulse of relatively low resolution. Using concepts from the field of dynamics, the algorithm measures the similarity between a signal reflected from a target and a previously recorded reference. The authors conducted acoustic experiments with some simple objects to validate the algorithm, although the actual target identification method could be used for radar or sonar. C1 [Carroll, Thomas L.; Rachford, Frederic J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Thomas.Carroll@nrl.navy.mil OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 7 IS 3 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn.2012.0194 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 181YQ UT WOS:000321707300006 ER PT J AU Khemlani, S Johnson-Laird, PN AF Khemlani, Sangeet Johnson-Laird, P. N. TI Cognitive changes from explanations SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Explanations; Inconsistency; Mental models; Minimalism; Reasoning ID BELIEF REVISION; INCONSISTENCIES AB When individuals detect that a description is inconsistent, theorists from William James onwards have argued that a cognitive change occurs: They modify the description in a minimal way to make it consistent. We present an alternative hypothesis: Reasoners create an explanation that resolves the inconsistency, and the explanation entails a revision or reinterpretation of the description. According to this principle of resolution, revision is consequent upon explanation. Hence, when individuals have such an explanation in mind, they should be faster than otherwise to modify assertions to make them consistent. Two experiments corroborated this prediction. C1 [Khemlani, Sangeet] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Johnson-Laird, P. N.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Khemlani, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM skhemlani@gmail.com NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE BN3 2FA, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 2044-5911 J9 J COGN PSYCHOL JI J. Cogn. Psychol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 2 SI SI BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1080/20445911.2012.720968 PG 8 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 189XT UT WOS:000322302300002 ER PT J AU Sivaprakasam, V Huston, AL Schultz, A Eversole, JD AF Sivaprakasam, Vasanthi Huston, Alan L. Schultz, Abraham Eversole, Jay D. TI A Novel Polarized Elastic Scatter Detection Method of Aerosol Particle Velocimetry with Reduced Errors Due to Coincidence and Phantom Particles SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE AB This article describes a novel polarized elastic scattering method to measure flow velocities of aerosol particles. Velocities of individual aerosol particles of mixed size, and composition have been determined from time differences between scattered light pulses as they move between two parallel laser beams separated by a fixed distance, known as a time-of-flight method. By using two orthogonally polarized laser beams, the detected light pulses can be assigned to each beam by simultaneously determining their respective depolarization ratio. This implementation of time-of-flight velocimetry provides a mechanically robust distance between the two beams, which reduces error in the measurement and improves both its precision and accuracy, but more importantly, the use of the polarization features of the scattered light reduces errors due to particle coincidence and phantom particles caused by confusion of start and stop timing pulses. This approach was developed and demonstrated in an application to provide effective timing for subsequent selective actions on individual particles downstream such as: further diagnostic measurement, electrical charging and capture. These downstream actions require accurately predicted individual particle trajectories. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research C1 [Sivaprakasam, Vasanthi; Huston, Alan L.; Eversole, Jay D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schultz, Abraham] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Sivaprakasam, V (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vasanthi.sivaprakasam@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 3 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1080/02786826.2012.746777 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 174RM UT WOS:000321173100003 ER PT J AU Metcalf, AR Loza, CL Coggon, MM Craven, JS Jonsson, HH Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Metcalf, Andrew R. Loza, Christine L. Coggon, Matthew M. Craven, Jill S. Jonsson, Haflidi H. Flagan, Richard C. Seinfeld, John H. TI Secondary Organic Aerosol Coating Formation and Evaporation: Chamber Studies Using Black Carbon Seed Aerosol and the Single-Particle Soot Photometer SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MASS-SPECTROMETER; SMOG-CHAMBER; MIXING STATE; HYGROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; SOUTHERN AFRICA AB We report a protocol for using black carbon (BC) aerosol as the seed for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in an environmental chamber. We employ a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) to probe single-particle SOA coating growth dynamics and find that SOA growth on nonspherical BC aerosol is diffusion-limited. Aerosol composition measurements with an Aerodyne high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) confirm that the presence of BC seed does not alter the composition of SOA as compared to self-nucleated SOA or condensed SOA on ammonium sulfate seed. We employ a 3-wavelength photoacoustic soot spectrometer (PASS-3) to measure optical properties of the systems studied, including fullerene soot as the surrogate BC seed, nucleated naphthalene SOA from high-NOx photooxidation, and nucleated -pinene SOA from low-NOx photooxidation. A core-and-shell Mie scattering model of the light absorption enhancement is in good agreement with measured enhancements for both the low- and high-NOx -pinene photooxidation systems, reinforcing the assumption of a core-shell morphology for coated BC particles. A discrepancy between measured and modeled absorption enhancement factors in the naphthalene photooxidation system is attributed to the wavelength-dependence of refractive index of the naphthalene SOA. The coating of high-NOx -pinene SOA decreases after reaching a peak thickness during irradiation, reflecting a volatility change in the aerosol, as confirmed by the relative magnitudes of f(43) and f(44) in the AMS spectra. The protocol described here provides a framework by which future studies of SOA optical properties and single-particle growth dynamics may be explored in environmental chambers. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research C1 [Metcalf, Andrew R.; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Metcalf, Andrew R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. [Loza, Christine L.; Coggon, Matthew M.; Craven, Jill S.; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jonsson, Haflidi H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, 1200 E Calif Blvd,Mail Code 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Metcalf, Andrew/C-5666-2012; Coggon, Matthew/I-8604-2016 OI Metcalf, Andrew/0000-0003-0385-1356; Coggon, Matthew/0000-0002-5763-1925 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006626] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-SC0006626. NR 103 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 92 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 3 BP 326 EP 347 DI 10.1080/02786826.2012.750712 PG 22 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 174RM UT WOS:000321173100010 ER PT J AU Schnieders, J Garbe, CS Peirson, WL Smith, GB Zappa, CJ AF Schnieders, J. Garbe, C. S. Peirson, W. L. Smith, G. B. Zappa, C. J. TI Analyzing the footprints of near-surface aqueous turbulence: An image processing-based approach SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; LANGMUIR CIRCULATIONS; GAS TRANSFER; TEMPERATURE FIELD; STREAK FORMATION; HEAT-FLUX; SEA HEAT; EXCHANGE; RENEWAL; OCEAN AB In this contribution, a detailed investigation of surface thermal patterns on the water surface is presented, with wind speeds ranging from 1 to 7 m s(-1) and various surface conditions. Distinct structures can be observed on the surface-small-scale short-lived structures termed fish scales and larger-scale cold streaks that are consistent with the footprints of Langmuir circulations. The structure of the surface heat pattern depends strongly on wind-induced stress. Consistent behavior regarding the spacing of cold streaks can be observed in a range of laboratory facilities when expressed as a function of water-sided friction velocity, u*. This behavior systematically decreased until a point of saturation at u* = 0.7 cm/s. We present a new image processing-based approach to the analysis of the spacing of cold streaks based on a machine learning approach to classify the thermal footprints of near-surface turbulence. Comparison is made with studies of Langmuir circulation and the following key points are found. Results suggest a saturation in the tangential stress, anticipating that similar behavior will be observed in the open ocean. A relation to Langmuir numbers shows that thermal footprints in infrared images are consistent with Langmuir circulations and depend strongly on wind wave conditions. C1 [Schnieders, J.; Garbe, C. S.] Heidelberg Univ, Interdisciplinary Ctr Sci Comp IWR, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany. [Peirson, W. L.] Univ New S Wales, Water Res Lab, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Smith, G. B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zappa, C. J.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Garbe, CS (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Interdisciplinary Ctr Sci Comp IWR, Speyerer Str 6, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany. EM Christoph.Garbe@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de OI Peirson, William/0000-0001-8775-5200 FU HGS Mathcomp Graduate School; DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) FX We are grateful to Roland Rocholz and Maximilian Bopp for providing mean square slope and friction velocity measurements. We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. This work was supported by the HGS Mathcomp Graduate School and the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service). NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1272 EP 1286 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20102 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 163GE UT WOS:000320323200016 ER PT J AU Penko, AM Calantoni, J Rodriguez-Abudo, S Foster, DL Slinn, DN AF Penko, A. M. Calantoni, J. Rodriguez-Abudo, S. Foster, D. L. Slinn, D. N. TI Three-dimensional mixture simulations of flow over dynamic rippled beds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATORY FLOW; SAND RIPPLES; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; VORTEX RIPPLES; NORTH-CAROLINA; GEOMETRY; ENTRAINMENT; DIMENSIONS; MIGRATION AB A three-dimensional mixture theory model for flow and sediment transport in the seafloor boundary layer, SedMix3D, simulated the flow over and the resulting sediment entrainment and evolution of rippled beds. SedMix3D treats the fluid-sediment mixture as a continuum of varying density and viscosity with the concentration of sediment and velocity of the mixture simulated by the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with a sediment flux equation for the mixture. Model validation was performed by comparing simulated time-dependent flow quantities and bulk flow statistics with measurements obtained in the laboratory under scaled forcing conditions. Two-dimensional planes extracted from a three-dimensional simulation were compared to observations made using planar Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) in a laboratory flume. The simulated results of time-averaged velocities and time-dependent quantities of vorticity and swirling strength were in good agreement with the observations. The model was used to analyze the three-dimensionality of vortex formation and ejection produced by oscillatory flow over vortex ripples, a process that cannot be observed in the laboratory with planar PIV measurements. The three-dimensional simulated results showed that the swirling strength varied significantly in the cross-flow direction, indicating that the vortices formed and dissipated non-uniformly due to random fluctuations. Subsequently, an order of magnitude difference in offshore sediment flux was observed using two different methods to calculate sediment fluxes (spatially averaging and at a point). The results suggest that while a two-dimensional plane may be sufficient to examine the general hydrodynamics over ripples, three-dimensional analysis is necessary for a complete understanding of sediment transport. C1 [Penko, A. M.; Calantoni, J.] USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Rodriguez-Abudo, S.; Foster, D. L.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Foster, D. L.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Slinn, D. N.] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Penko, AM (reprint author), USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Code 7434,1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Code7434@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation [CTS-0348203] FX A. M. P. was supported by the Jerome and Isabella Karle Distinguished Scholar Fellowship Program at the Naval Research Laboratory. J. C. was supported under base funding to the Naval Research Laboratory from the Office of Naval Research. S. R. A. and D. L. F. were supported by the National Science Foundation (CTS-0348203). This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the NAVY, AFRL, and the ERDC DSRC. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1543 EP 1555 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20120 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 163GE UT WOS:000320323200035 ER PT J AU Giordano, S Ciaravella, A Raymond, JC Ko, YK Suleiman, R AF Giordano, S. Ciaravella, A. Raymond, J. C. Ko, Y-K Suleiman, R. TI UVCS/SOHO catalog of coronal mass ejections from 1996 to 2005: Spectroscopic proprieties SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CME CURRENT SHEETS; SHOCK-WAVE DRIVEN; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; SOHO OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR CORONA; UV; RECONNECTION; TEMPERATURE AB Ultraviolet spectra of the extended solar corona have been routinely obtained by SOHO/UltraViolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) since 1996. Sudden variations of spectral parameters are mainly due to the detection of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) crossing the instrumental slit. We present a catalog of CME ultraviolet spectra based upon a systematic search of events in the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) CME catalog, and we discuss their statistical properties. Our catalog includes 1059 events through the end of 2005, covering nearly a full solar cycle. It is available online at the URL http://solarweb.oato.inaf.it/UVCS_CME and embedded in the online LASCO CME catalog (http://cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov/CME_list). The emission lines observed provide diagnostics of CME plasma parameters, such as the light-of-sight velocity, density, and temperature and allow to link the CME onset data to the extended corona white-light images. The catalog indicates whether there are clear signatures of features such as shock waves, current sheets, O VI flares, helical motions, and which part of the CME structures (front, cavity, or prominence material) are detected. The most common detected structure is the cool prominence material (in about 70% of the events). For each event, the catalog also contains movies, images, plots, and information relevant to address detailed scientific investigations. The number of events detected in UV is about one tenth of the LASCO CMEs and about one fourth of the halo events. We find that UVCS tends to detect faster, more massive, and energetic CME than LASCO, and for about 40% of the events, it has been possible to determine the plasma light-of-sight velocity. C1 [Giordano, S.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. [Ciaravella, A.] Osserv Astron Palermo, INAF, Palermo, Italy. [Raymond, J. C.; Suleiman, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ko, Y-K] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Giordano, S (reprint author), Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. EM giordano@oato.inaf.it OI Ciaravella, Angela/0000-0002-3127-8078; Giordano, Silvio/0000-0002-3468-8566 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG06GG78G, NNX09AB17G, NNX11AB61G] FX This work was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grants NNG06GG78G, NNX09AB17G, and NNX11AB61G to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The LASCO CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and the Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the NASA. UVCS is a joint project of NASA, Italian Space Agency (ASI), and the Swiss Funding Agencies. We thank Antonio Volpicelli for help to release the online catalog. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 967 EP 981 DI 10.1002/jgra.50166 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 135FP UT WOS:000318274000002 ER PT J AU Mahmoudian, A Scales, WA Bernhardt, PA Samimi, A Kendall, E Ruohoniemi, JM Isham, B Vega-Cancel, O Bordikar, M AF Mahmoudian, A. Scales, W. A. Bernhardt, P. A. Samimi, A. Kendall, E. Ruohoniemi, J. M. Isham, B. Vega-Cancel, O. Bordikar, M. TI Ion gyro-harmonic structuring in the stimulated radiation spectrum and optical emissions during electron gyro-harmonic heating SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POWER RADIO-WAVES; ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION; ENHANCED AIRGLOW; DOWNSHIFTED PEAK; FREQUENCY; IONOSPHERE; PLASMA; INSTABILITY; SIMULATION; GENERATION AB Stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEEs) are secondary radiation produced during active space experiments in which the ionosphere is actively heated with high power high frequency (HF) ground-based radio transmitters. Recently, there has been significant interest in ion gyro-harmonic structuring the SEE spectrum due to the potential for new diagnostic information available such as electron acceleration and creation of artificial ionization layers. These relatively recently discovered gyro-harmonic spectral features have almost exclusively been studied when the transmitting frequency is near the second electron gyro-harmonic frequency. The first extensive systematic experimental investigations of the possibility of these spectral features for third electron gyro-harmonic heating are provided here. Discrete spectral features shifted from the transmit frequency ordered by harmonics of the ion gyro-frequency were observed for third electron gyro-harmonic heating for the first time at a recent campaign at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility. These features were also closely correlated with a broader band feature at a larger frequency shift from the transmit frequency known as the downshifted peak (DP). The power threshold of these spectral features was measured, as well as their behavior with heater beam angle, and proximity of the transmit frequency to the third electron gyro-harmonic frequency. Comparisons were also made with similar spectral features observed during second electron gyro-harmonic heating during the same campaign. A theoretical model is provided that interprets these spectral features as resulting from parametric decay instabilities in which the pump field ultimately decays into high frequency upper hybrid/electron Bernstein and low frequency neutralized ion Bernstein IB and/or obliquely propagating ion acoustic waves at the upper hybrid interaction altitude. Coordinated optical and SEE observations were carried out in order to provide a better understanding of electron acceleration and precipitation processes. Optical emissions were observed associated with SEE gyro-harmonic features for pump heating near the second electron gyro-harmonic during the campaign. The observations affirm strong correlation between the gyro-structures and the pump-induced optical emissions. C1 [Mahmoudian, A.; Scales, W. A.; Samimi, A.; Ruohoniemi, J. M.; Bordikar, M.] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Bernhardt, P. A.] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Kendall, E.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Isham, B.; Vega-Cancel, O.] Inter Amer Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Nat Sci & Math, Bayamon, PR USA. RP Mahmoudian, A (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM alirezam@vt.edu FU National Science Foundation; Army Research Office [W911NF-11-0217, W911NF-10-1-0002] FX Some of this work was supported by the National Science Foundation. B. I. and O.V.-C. were supported by Army Research Office grants W911NF-11-0217 and W911NF-10-1-0002. The observations reported here were supported by the HAARP program through the Polar Aeronomy and Radio Science (PARS) Summer School. HAARP is a DoD program operated jointly by the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy. The authors wish to thank HAARP personnel for their assistance in designing this experiment and Bill Bristow for providing SuperDARN measurements. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1270 EP 1287 DI 10.1002/jgra.50167 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 135FP UT WOS:000318274000029 ER PT J AU Wang, C AF Wang, Chong TI Conscious Capitalism Firms: DO THEY BEHAVE AS THEIR PROPONENTS SAY? SO CALIFORNIA MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Conscious Capitalism; Corporate Social Responsibility; Stakeholder Orientation ID EARNINGS MANAGEMENT; JAMES-OTOOLE; HALF CHEERS; PERFORMANCE; ACCRUALS AB Proponents of the Conscious Capitalism (CC) movement claim that CC firms should demonstrate a lower gross margin, a higher profit margin, a lower SG&A, and a lower marketing expense than their non-CC comparable firms. Using a sample of industry-year-size matched control firms as the CC firms' benchmark, this article shows that empirical evidence largely disagrees with these conjectures. It further shows that in contrast to the implications of the CC movement, CC firms neither demonstrated superior stock performance relative to the S&P 500 in recent years, nor do they respond less to the pressures from the equity market. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI alrefaei, hessa/F-1443-2015 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 19 PU UNIV CALIF PI BERKELEY PA GRAD SCH BUSINESS ADMIN, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA SN 0008-1256 J9 CALIF MANAGE REV JI Calif. Manage. Rev. PD SPR PY 2013 VL 55 IS 3 BP 60 EP 86 DI 10.1525/cmr.2013.55.3.60 PG 27 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 136TM UT WOS:000318386300003 ER PT J AU Wang, C AF Wang, Chong TI On the Scientific Status of the Conscious Capitalism Theory SO CALIFORNIA MANAGEMENT REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material DE Conscious Capitalism; Refutability; Consistency; Generality ID HALF CHEERS AB This note is a response to Rajendra Sisodia's commentary on my article on the topic of Conscious Capitalism (in this issue of California Management Review). First, it raises new concerns based on Sisodia's commentary and challenges the scientific status of the Conscious Capitalism theory. It focuses on refutability, consistency, and generality, as these three characteristics are essential features of any scientific theory. Second, it responds to Sisodia's various comments. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CALIF PI BERKELEY PA GRAD SCH BUSINESS ADMIN, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA SN 0008-1256 J9 CALIF MANAGE REV JI Calif. Manage. Rev. PD SPR PY 2013 VL 55 IS 3 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1525/cmr.2013.55.3.97 PG 10 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 136TM UT WOS:000318386300005 ER PT J AU Powley, EH AF Powley, Edward H. TI The Process and Mechanisms of Organizational Healing SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE organizational healing; leadership; positive organizational scholarship; organizational resilience; empathy; relationships at work; organizational culture ID POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH; CRITICAL PERIOD; HUMAN CAPACITY; RESILIENCE; TRAUMA; COMPASSION; CONSTRUCT; LEADERS; EVENTS; STRESS AB Organizational healing refers to the work of repairing practices, routines, and structures in the face of disruption and strengthening organizational functioning through social relationships. Healing, more than resilience, coping, or recovery, enables greater organizational strength than what previously existed. Its unique characteristics make it an important construct for further explaining what accounts for developing exceptional organizational systems. Based on the financial and economic challenges facing Prudential Real Estate after the housing market crash in 2008, and parallels from physiological healing processes, I provide an in-depth description of the process of organizational healing that is supported by four mechanisms: empathy, interventions, collective effort, and leadership. Together the process and mechanisms explain how organizational healing enables both resilience and strengthening. These mechanisms point to activities practitioners and leaders may consider when promoting virtuous human systems. C1 [Powley, Edward H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Powley, EH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 555 Dyer Rd,Bldg 330,IN 209, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ehpowley@nps.edu NR 103 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 28 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0021-8863 J9 J APPL BEHAV SCI JI J. Appl. Bahav. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 SI SI BP 42 EP 68 DI 10.1177/0021886312471192 PG 27 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Applied; Management; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Business & Economics GA 140IY UT WOS:000318649000003 ER PT J AU Espinoza, CM Guillemot, L Celik, O Weltevrede, P Stappers, BW Smith, DA Kerr, M Zavlin, VE Cognard, I Eatough, RP Freire, PCC Janssen, GH Camilo, F Desvignes, G Hewitt, JW Hou, X Johnston, S Keith, M Kramer, M Lyne, A Manchester, RN Ransom, SM Ray, PS Shannon, R Theureau, G Webb, N AF Espinoza, C. M. Guillemot, L. Celik, Oe Weltevrede, P. Stappers, B. W. Smith, D. A. Kerr, M. Zavlin, V. E. Cognard, I. Eatough, R. P. Freire, P. C. C. Janssen, G. H. Camilo, F. Desvignes, G. Hewitt, J. W. Hou, X. Johnston, S. Keith, M. Kramer, M. Lyne, A. Manchester, R. N. Ransom, S. M. Ray, P. S. Shannon, R. Theureau, G. Webb, N. TI Six millisecond pulsars detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope and the radio/gamma-ray connection of millisecond pulsars SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE pulsars: general; gamma-rays: general; X-rays: general ID NEUTRON-STAR ATMOSPHERES; NANCAY RADIO TELESCOPE; PULSED GAMMA-RAYS; PSR J2051-0827; LIGHT CURVES; GIANT PULSES; POLARIZATION OBSERVATIONS; TIMING OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BINARY-SYSTEM AB We report on the discovery of gamma-ray pulsations from five millisecond pulsars (MSPs) using the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and timing ephemerides provided by various radio observatories. We also present confirmation of the gamma-ray pulsations from a sixth source, PSR J2051-0827. Five of these six MSPs are in binary systems: PSRs J1713+0747, J1741+1351, J1600-3053 and the two black widow binary pulsars PSRs J0610-2100 and J2051-0827. The only isolated MSP is the nearby PSR J1024-0719, which is also known to emit X-rays. We present X-ray observations in the direction of PSRs J1600-3053 and J2051-0827. While PSR J2051-0827 is firmly detected, we can only give upper limits for the X-ray flux of PSR J1600-3053. There are no dedicated X-ray observations available for the other three objects. The MSPs mentioned above, together with most of the MSPs detected by Fermi, are used to put together a sample of 30 gamma-ray MSPs. This sample is used to study the morphology and phase connection of radio and gamma-ray pulse profiles. We show that MSPs with pulsed gamma-ray emission which is phase-aligned with the radio emission present the steepest radio spectra and the largest magnetic fields at the light cylinder among all MSPs. Also, we observe a trend towards very low, or undetectable, radio linear polarization levels. These properties could be attributed to caustic radio emission produced at a range of different altitudes in the magnetosphere. We note that most of these characteristics are also observed in the Crab pulsar, the only other radio pulsar known to exhibit phase-aligned radio and gamma-ray emission. C1 [Espinoza, C. M.; Weltevrede, P.; Stappers, B. W.; Janssen, G. H.; Kramer, M.; Lyne, A.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Guillemot, L.; Eatough, R. P.; Freire, P. C. C.; Desvignes, G.; Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Celik, Oe; Hewitt, J. W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, Oe] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, Oe] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Smith, D. A.; Hou, X.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Kerr, M.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kerr, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Zavlin, V. E.] NASA, Space Sci Lab, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Zavlin, V. E.] USRA Sci & Technol Inst, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, UMR 6115, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Desvignes, G.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, INSU, Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Camilo, F.] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Johnston, S.; Keith, M.; Manchester, R. N.; Shannon, R.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Ransom, S. M.] NRAO, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Ray, P. S.] USN, Space Sci Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Webb, N.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Webb, N.] Univ Toulouse, UPS, OMP, GAHEC,IRAP, Toulouse, France. RP Espinoza, CM (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM cme@jb.man.ac.uk OI Shannon, Ryan/0000-0002-7285-6348; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; Commonwealth Government; National Science Foundation [AST-1100968] FX The Nancay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). The Lovell Telescope is owned and operated by the University of Manchester as part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, with support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. The Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope is operated by the Netherlands Foundation for Radio Astronomy, ASTRON. The Parkes Radio Telescope is part of the Australia Telescope, which is funded by the Commonwealth Government for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. We thank our colleagues for their assistance with the radio timing observations. The Arecibo Observatory is operated by SRI International under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (AST-1100968), and in alliance with Ana G. Mendez-Universidad Metropolitana and the Universities Space Research Association. NR 100 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 430 IS 1 BP 571 EP 587 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts657 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 135FU UT WOS:000318274500051 ER PT J AU Capra, GG Ge, XX Balough, BJ Shah, AN Turner, S Mullin, DP Pfannenstiel, TJ AF Capra, Gregory G. Ge, Xianxi Balough, Ben J. Shah, Anil N. Turner, Sam Mullin, David P. Pfannenstiel, Travis J. TI Management of the Incus Body in Ossiculoplasty SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article DE ossiculoplasty; incus; laser Doppler vibrometry; round window membrane; mass; incus body; incus strut prosthesis; middle ear; sound transmission; ossicular chain reconstruction ID MIDDLE-EAR FUNCTION; OSSICULAR CHAIN; STAPES; MASS; MALLEUS; TRANSMISSION; PROSTHESES; MECHANICS; OSSICLES; SOUND AB Objective. (1) Evaluate the sound transfer impact of removal of the incus body in ossicular chain reconstruction (OCR) using an incus strut prosthesis. (2) Provide basic science data to assist clinical decision making in ossiculoplasty. Study Design. Basic science. Setting. Cadaveric temporal bone research laboratory. Subjects and Methods. Ossicular chain reconstruction with an incus strut prosthesis was performed on 7 human temporal bones with and without the incus body. The difference in round window membrane (RWM) peak-to-peak displacements (90-dB sound pressure level, 250-8000 Hz) using single-point laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) was compared with observed baseline, intact ossicular chain values. Results. Comparing OCR using an incus strut prosthesis to an intact ossicular chain across all 7 temporal bones, the largest differences in RWM velocity occurred at 1011 and 2011 Hz. With increasing frequencies, RWM velocities of the OCR approached the intact ossicular chain. Using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test comparing the ossicular chain with and without the incus body showed no statistically significant difference across all frequencies (P = .925). Removing the incus body resulted in improved median RWM velocity (x10(-2) mm/s) by 0.6 at 1011 Hz and a decrease of 0.6 at 2011 Hz. A rank-sum test to evaluate the difference at 1011 and 2011 Hz did not demonstrate statistical significance. Conclusion. Removal of the incus body in OCR using an incus strut prosthesis did not significantly change sound transfer function of the middle ear relative to its preservation. Our data suggest the impact of the retained mass in OCR to be minimal. C1 [Capra, Gregory G.; Ge, Xianxi; Shah, Anil N.; Mullin, David P.] USN, Dept Otolaryngol, Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Balough, Ben J.] Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento, Sacramento, CA USA. [Turner, Sam] USN, Hosp Camp Lejeune, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. [Pfannenstiel, Travis J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Capra, GG (reprint author), USN, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Med Ctr San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA USA. EM gregory.capra@med.navy.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 148 IS 3 BP 482 EP 487 DI 10.1177/0194599812472641 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 136LD UT WOS:000318362500021 PM 23302148 ER PT J AU Rose, DV Miller, CL Portillo, S Welch, DR AF Rose, D. V. Miller, C. L. Portillo, S. Welch, D. R. TI Electrode-plasma-driven radiation cutoff in long-pulse, high-power microwave devices SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION-LINE OSCILLATOR; BACKWARD-WAVE OSCILLATOR; PARTICLE-IN-CELL; MILO; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; ION; GENERATION; OPERATION; EMISSION AB The impact of electrode plasma dynamics on the radiation production in a high power microwave device is examined using particle-in-cell simulations. Using the design of a compact 2.4 GHz magnetically insulated line oscillator (MILO) as the basis for numerical simulations, we characterize the time-dependent device power and radiation output over a range of cathode plasma formation rates. These numerical simulations can self-consistently produce radiation characteristics that are similar to measured signals in long pulse duration MILOs. This modeling capability should result in improved assessment of existing high-power microwave devices and lead to new designs for increased radiation pulse durations. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794955] C1 [Rose, D. V.; Miller, C. L.; Welch, D. R.] Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Portillo, S.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Rose, DV (reprint author), Voss Sci LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM David.Rose@vosssci.com FU U.S. Department of Defense through NSWC, Dahlgren, VA FX Funding for this work was provided by U.S. Department of Defense through NSWC, Dahlgren, VA. The numerical simulations presented here were carried out on parallel computer systems at Voss Scientific, with assistance from R. Clark and C. Mostrom. We thank Dr. W. Stygar for insightful discussions regarding the role of electrode plasmas in high-power magnetically insulated systems and Dr. J. Luginsland and Professor E. Schamiloglu for discussions on HPM device characteristics and modeling. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAR PY 2013 VL 20 IS 3 AR 034501 DI 10.1063/1.4794955 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 122DA UT WOS:000317295200082 ER PT J AU Chirita, A Kukhtarev, N Kukhtareva, T Gallegos, S AF Chirita, Arcadi Kukhtarev, Nikolai Kukhtareva, Tatiana Gallegos, Sonia TI Remote sensing and characterization of oil on water using coherent fringe projection and holographic in-line interferometry SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE in-line holographic interferometry; coherent fringe projection; laser cleaning; crude oil spill; photoluminescence ID SPILL AB We suggest combining several optical methods for remote sensing and characterization of crude oil films and emulsions. These are coherent fringe projection illumination (CFP), holographic in-line interferometry (HILI), and laser-induced fluorescence. The combined methods of CFP and HILI are described in the frame of coherent superposition of partial interference patterns. It is shown that in addition to detection and identification of oil, laser illumination in the green-blue region can also degrade oil. This finding indicates that properly structured laser cleanup can be an alternative method of decontamination. (C) 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.52.3.035601] C1 [Chirita, Arcadi] State Univ Moldova, Dept Phys, MD-2009 Kishinev, Moldova. [Kukhtarev, Nikolai; Kukhtareva, Tatiana] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Gallegos, Sonia] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Chirita, A (reprint author), State Univ Moldova, Dept Phys, 60 A Mateevici St, MD-2009 Kishinev, Moldova. EM arc_chirita@yahoo.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 3 AR 035601 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.3.035601 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 134XB UT WOS:000318248000029 ER PT J AU Stoneback, M Ishimaru, A Reinhardt, C Kuga, Y AF Stoneback, Matthew Ishimaru, Akira Reinhardt, Colin Kuga, Yasuo TI Temperature rise in objects due to optical focused beam through atmospheric turbulence near ground and ocean surface SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE turbulence; laser-induced damage; atmospheric optics; infrared lasers; absorption ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; SOLIDS; METALS AB We consider an optical beam propagated through the atmosphere and incident on an object causing a temperature rise. In clear air, the physical characteristics of the optical beam transmitted to the object surface are influenced primarily by the effect of atmospheric turbulence, which can be significant near the ground or ocean surface. We use a statistical model to quantify the expected power transfer through turbulent atmosphere and provide guidance toward the threshold of thermal blooming for the considered scenarios. The bulk thermal characteristics of the materials considered are used in a thermal diffusion model to determine the net temperature rise at the object surface due to the incident optical beam. These results of the study are presented in graphical form and are of particular interest to operators of high power laser systems operating over large distances through the atmosphere. Numerical examples include a CO2 laser (lambda = 10.6 mu m) with: aperture size of 5 cm, varied pulse duration, and propagation distance of 0.5 km incident on 0.1-mm copper, 10-mm polyimide, 1-mm water, and 10-mm glass/resin composite targets. To assess the effect of near ground/ocean laser propagation, we compare turbulent (of varying degrees) and nonturbulent atmosphere. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.52.3.036001] C1 [Stoneback, Matthew; Ishimaru, Akira; Kuga, Yasuo] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Reinhardt, Colin] USN, Atmospher Propagat Branch, SSC PAC, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Stoneback, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Campus Box 352500, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM matt0825@uw.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N000141110358]; National Science Foundation [ECCS0925034] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (N000141110358) and the National Science Foundation (ECCS0925034). NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 3 AR 036001 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.3.036001 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 134XB UT WOS:000318248000033 ER PT J AU Han, X Bui, H Mandal, S Pattipati, KR Kleinman, DL AF Han, Xu Bui, Huy Mandal, Suvasri Pattipati, Krishna R. Kleinman, David L. TI Optimization-Based Decision Support Software for a Team-In-The-Loop Experiment: Asset Package Selection and Planning SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN CYBERNETICS-SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE m best asset packages; mission planning; operational planning; resource allocation ID SCHEDULING PROBLEMS; MIXED-INTEGER; ART SURVEY; ALGORITHMS; ASSIGNMENT AB This paper presents two domain-independent optimization-based planning algorithms for efficiently allocating assets that are needed to execute a set of interdependent tasks. The first algorithm is an asset package selection module that combines mixed integer programming and an extended Murty's decision space partitioning algorithm that can be used to provide human planners with a set of alternative asset packages that meet individual task requirements, while maximizing task execution accuracy. This asset package selection module was embedded in a decision aid that supported a mixed-initiative team-in-the-loop planning experiment (MOC-1) conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School in March 2009. The experiment examined the effectiveness and efficiency of two different Maritime Operations Center (MOC) organizational structures for conducting a mission planning activity that required the use of scarce resources. The second algorithm is a planning module that integrates weighted length algorithm, asset package selection module, rollout strategy, and a pairwise exchange method to assist experiment designers to set the parametric conditions for the mission planning activity (e. g., asset types and numbers, task requirements, and asset capabilities) and to assure that the tasks as presented to the human planners would, in fact, be achievable to a specified level of accuracy. C1 [Han, Xu; Pattipati, Krishna R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect Engn, Storrs, CT 06029 USA. [Bui, Huy] Global Equipment Serv, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. [Mandal, Suvasri] Qualtech Syst Inc, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Kleinman, David L.] USN, Dept Informat Sci, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Han, X (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect Engn, Storrs, CT 06029 USA. EM xuh06002@engr.uconn.edu; ngochuy55@gmail.com; suvasri.mandal@gmail.com; krishna@engr.uconn.edu; dlkleinm@nps.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0062, N00014-12-1-0238] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Contracts N00014-09-1-0062 and N00014-12-1-0238. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor J.-B. Yang. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-2216 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY-S JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. -Syst. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 43 IS 2 BP 237 EP 251 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2012.2201467 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 126KR UT WOS:000317614400001 ER PT J AU Wang, ZH Zhou, SL Catipovic, J Willett, P AF Wang, Zhaohui Zhou, Shengli Catipovic, Josko Willett, Peter TI Asynchronous Multiuser Reception for OFDM in Underwater Acoustic Communications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Asynchronous multiuser communications; OFDM; underwater acoustic channels; overlapped truncation; interference aggregation ID CHANNEL ESTIMATION; INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION; NETWORKS; MITIGATION; SYSTEMS; EQUALIZATION; CHALLENGES AB Recently significant progress has been made on point-to-point underwater acoustic communications, and the interest has grown on the application of those techniques in multiuser communication settings, where the asynchronous nature of multiuser communication poses a grand challenge. This paper develops a time-asynchronous multiuser reception approach for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions in underwater acoustic channels. The received data burst is segmented and apportioned to multiple processing units in an overlapped fashion, where the length of the processing unit depends on the maximum asynchronism among users on the OFDM block level. Interference cancellation is adopted to reduce the interblock interference between overlapped processing units. Within each processing unit, the residual inter-block interference from multiple users is aggregated as one external interference which can be parameterized. Multiuser channel estimation, data detection, and interference mitigation are then carried out in an iterative fashion. Simulation and emulated experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed receiver with signal asynchronism among multiple users in both time-invariant and time-varying environments. It is observed that the receiver decoding performance degrades as the channel time variation and the maximum relative delay among users increase. C1 [Wang, Zhaohui; Zhou, Shengli; Willett, Peter] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Catipovic, Josko] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wang, ZH (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 371 Fairfield Way U-4157, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM zhwang@engr.uconn.edu; shengli@engr.uconn.edu; josko.catipovic@navy.mil; wil-lett@engr.uconn.edu FU ONR [N00014-09-1-0704]; NSF [ECCS-1128581, CNS-1228936] FX Z.-H. Wang and S. Zhou are supported by the ONR grant N00014-09-1-0704 (PECASE) as well as the NSF grants ECCS-1128581 and CNS-1228936. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 EI 1558-2248 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 12 IS 3 BP 1050 EP 1061 DI 10.1109/TWC.2013.011713.120075 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 115GY UT WOS:000316801800009 ER PT J AU Chen, W Mied, RP AF Chen, Wei Mied, Richard P. TI Optical flow estimation for motion-compensated compression SO IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Optical flow; Optical flow determination; Optical flow estimation; Displacement estimation; Velocity estimation; Motion compensation; Motion-compensated prediction; Motion-compensated interpolation; Motion-Compensated Compression ID IMAGE SEQUENCES; COMPUTATION; FIELDS; DISCONTINUITIES AB The computation of optical flow within an image sequence is one of the most widely used techniques in computer vision. In this paper, we present a new approach to estimate the velocity field for motion-compensated compression. It is derived by a nonlinear system using the direct temporal integral of the brightness conservation constraint equation or the Displaced Frame Difference (DFD) equation. To solve the nonlinear system of equations, an adaptive framework is used, which employs velocity field modeling, a nonlinear least-squares model, Gauss-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt techniques, and an algorithm of the progressive relaxation of the over-constraint. The three criteria by which successful motion-compensated compression is judged are 1.) The fidelity with which the estimated optical flow matches the ground truth motion, 2.) The relative absence of artifacts and "dirty window" effects for frame interpolation, and 3.) The cost to code the motion vector field. We base our estimated flow field on a single minimized target function, which leads to motion-compensated predictions without incurring penalties in any of these three criteria. In particular, we compare our proposed algorithm results with those from Block-Matching Algorithms (BMA), and show that with nearly the same number of displacement vectors per fixed block size, the performance of our algorithm exceeds that of BMA in all the three above points. We also test the algorithm on synthetic and natural image sequences, and use it to demonstrate applications for motion-compensated compression. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chen, Wei; Mied, Richard P.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wei.chen@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research at the Naval Research Laboratory [WU-4279-02] FX This research work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the project WU-4279-02 at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-8856 EI 1872-8138 J9 IMAGE VISION COMPUT JI Image Vis. Comput. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 31 IS 3 BP 275 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.imavis.2013.01.002 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA 122NK UT WOS:000317324600005 ER PT J AU Edoh, K Hughes, D Katz, R AF Edoh, Kossi Hughes, Derke Katz, Richard TI NONLINEARITY IN CICADA SOUND SIGNALS SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Cicada; Acoustic Signal; Chaos Theory; Burgers' Equation ID TIME-SERIES; DETERMINISTIC CHAOS; PROPAGATION; ACOUSTICS; SYSTEM; CALLS; MODEL AB The nonlinearity of acoustic signals produced by male cicadas and their propagation in the atmosphere using the theory of dynamical systems and partial differential equations are explored in this paper. Previous research using a Volterra equation has shown that the signal data from the vibrations of cicada tymbals and that from the recordings of the acoustic signals about 5 inches away from the cicada exhibit some nonlinear characteristics. The experimental results shown in this paper confirm the nonlinearity of the signals farther from the cicada. A number of nonlinear acoustic signal propagation models are discussed - among them the Burgers' equation which has been implemented and whose results are quite promising. C1 [Edoh, Kossi] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Math, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Hughes, Derke; Katz, Richard] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Edoh, K (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Math, 1601 East Market St, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM edoh@ncat.edu; derke.hughes@navy.mil; richard.katz@navy.mil FU office of Naval Research, Summer Faculty Research Program - ASEE FX The authors acknowledge the support provided by the office of Naval Research, Summer Faculty Research Program - ASEE. The authors thank the Associate Editor for making valuable detailed suggestions on how to improve the paper. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 24 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3390 J9 J BIOL SYST JI J. Biol. Syst. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 21 IS 1 AR 1350004 DI 10.1142/S0218339013500046 PG 13 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 130ID UT WOS:000317906200004 ER PT J AU Latimer, KM AF Latimer, Kelly M. TI Chronic headache: Stop the pain before it starts SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE; QUALITY STANDARDS SUBCOMMITTEE; EPISODIC MIGRAINE PREVENTION; DAILY-PERSISTENT HEADACHE; DOUBLE-BLIND; GENERAL-POPULATION; TRANSFORMED MIGRAINE; MEDICATION-OVERUSE; FREQUENT HEADACHE; AMERICAN ACADEMY C1 [Latimer, Kelly M.] USN Hosp, Camp Lejeune Family Med Residency, Camp Lejeune, NC 28542 USA. RP Latimer, KM (reprint author), USN Hosp, Camp Lejeune, NC 28542 USA. EM kelly.latimer@med.navy.mil NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 62 IS 3 BP 126 EP 133 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 124TO UT WOS:000317490100004 PM 23520582 ER PT J AU Zipf, RK Gamezo, VN Sapko, MJ Marchewka, WP Mohamed, KM Oran, ES Kessler, DA Weiss, ES Addis, JD Karnack, FA Sellers, DD AF Zipf, R. K., Jr. Gamezo, V. N. Sapko, M. J. Marchewka, W. P. Mohamed, K. M. Oran, E. S. Kessler, D. A. Weiss, E. S. Addis, J. D. Karnack, F. A. Sellers, D. D. TI Methane-air detonation experiments at NIOSH Lake Lynn Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention, and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Keio Univ, Hiyoshi Campus, Yokohama, JAPAN SP Keio Univ, Ctr Educ & Res Symbiot, Safe & Secure Syst Design, Global COE Program, Assoc Powder Proc Ind & Engn (APPIE), JEC Fund Project HO Keio Univ, Hiyoshi Campus DE Detonation; Methane; Experiments; Limits ID MIXTURES AB The methane-air detonation experiments are performed to characterize high pressure explosion processes that may occur in sealed areas of underground coal mines. The detonation tube used for these studies is 73 m long, 105 cm internal diameter, and closed at one end. The test gas is 97.5% methane with about 1.5% ethane, and the methane-air test mixtures varied between 4% and 19% methane by volume. Detonations were successfully initiated for mixtures containing between 5.3% and 15.5% methane. The detonations propagated with an average velocity between 1512 and 1863 m/s. Average overpressures recorded behind the first shock pressure peak varied between 1.2 and 1.7 MPa. The measured detonation velocities and pressures are close to their corresponding theoretical Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation velocity (D-CJ) and detonation pressure (P-CJ). Outside of these detonability limits, failed detonations produced decaying detached shocks and flames propagating with velocities of approximately 1/2 D-CJ. Cell patterns on smokefoils during detonations were very irregular and showed secondary cell structures inside primary cells. The measured width of primary cells varied between 20 cm near the stoichiometry and 105 cm (tube diameter) near the limits. The largest detonation cell (105 cm wide and 170 cm long) was recorded for the mixture containing 15.3% methane. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zipf, R. K., Jr.; Sapko, M. J.; Marchewka, W. P.; Mohamed, K. M.; Weiss, E. S.; Addis, J. D.; Karnack, F. A.; Sellers, D. D.] NIOSH, OMSHR, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Gamezo, V. N.; Oran, E. S.; Kessler, D. A.] USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zipf, RK (reprint author), POB 18070,626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM rzipf@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-4230 J9 J LOSS PREVENT PROC JI J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 SI SI BP 295 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.jlp.2011.05.003 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 123EY UT WOS:000317372400004 ER PT J AU Ogawa, T Gamezo, VN Oran, ES AF Ogawa, Takanobu Gamezo, Vadim N. Oran, Elaine S. TI Flame acceleration and transition to detonation in an array of square obstacles SO JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention, and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions CY SEP 05-10, 2010 CL Keio Univ, Hiyoshi Campus, Yokohama, JAPAN SP Keio Univ, Ctr Educ & Res Symbiot, Safe & Secure Syst Design, Global COE Program, Assoc Powder Proc Ind & Engn (APPIE), JEC Fund Project HO Keio Univ, Hiyoshi Campus DE DDT; Flame acceleration; Numerical simulation ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PROPAGATION; COMBUSTION; MECHANISM AB We study flame acceleration and DDT in a two-dimensional staggered array of square obstacles by solving the compressible multidimensional reactive Navier Stokes equations. The energy release rate for a stoichiometric H-2-air mixture is modeled by a one-step Arrhenius kinetics. The space between obstacles is filled with a stoichiometric H-2-air mixture at 1 atm and 298 K. Initially, the flow is at rest, and a flame is ignited at the center of the array. Computations show effects of the obstacles as a series of events leading to DDT. During the initial flame acceleration, the speed of the flame depends on the direction of flame propagation since some directions are more obstructed than others. This affects the macroscopic shape of the expanding burned region, which forms concave boundaries in more obstructed directions. As the flame accelerates, shocks form ahead of the flame, reflect from obstacles, and interact with the flame. There are more shock flame interactions in more obstructed directions, and this leads to a greater flame acceleration and stronger leading shocks. When the shocks become strong enough, their collisions with obstacles ignite the gas mixture, and detonations form. The simulation shows four independent DDT events within a 90-degree sector, all in more obstructed directions. Resulting detonations spread in all directions. Some parts of detonation fronts are quenched by diffractions around obstacles, but they are reignited by collisions of decoupled shocks, or overtaken by other detonations. Thus detonations continue to spread and quickly burn all the material between the obstacles. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ogawa, Takanobu] Seikei Univ, Musashino, Tokyo 1808633, Japan. [Gamezo, Vadim N.; Oran, Elaine S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ogawa, T (reprint author), Seikei Univ, 3-3-1 Kichijoji Kitamachi, Musashino, Tokyo 1808633, Japan. EM ogawa@st.seikei.ac.jp NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-4230 J9 J LOSS PREVENT PROC JI J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 SI SI BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.jlp.2011.12.009 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 123EY UT WOS:000317372400013 ER PT J AU Dixon, M Verma, R AF Dixon, Michael Verma, Rohit TI Sequence effects in service bundles: Implications for service design and scheduling SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Service operations; Empirical research; Archival data analysis; Econometric modeling ID RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATIONS; COMBINING EXPERIENCES; DURATION NEGLECT; BRAND EQUITY; SATISFACTION; CHOICE; MODEL; PRODUCTS; EVENTS; TIME AB Researchers in several academic disciplines have investigated the effect of the sequence of pleasure and pain on the customer in service, experience, or healthcare-related interactions. Specifically, past research from psychology, behavioral economics, and other related fields suggests that the sequence effect can significantly impact a customer's overall impression of a service interaction. In this article, we test the influence that the sequence of discrete events separated by several days or weeks plays on customers' assessment of service bundles. If the relative importance of the sequence effect for discrete bundles is known, then a service designer and event scheduler can optimize and develop a better sequence of interactions for the customers, leading to higher satisfaction, loyalty, and repurchase. Using an extensive multi-year ticket purchase database from a world-renowned performing arts venue, we develop and test econometric models to predict season ticket subscription repurchase. The estimated models show that sequence effects do indeed play a significant role in determining customer repurchase of subscriptions. These results have important implications for effective service design and capacity planning for a wide range of service industries. This article suggests both managerial implications and future research opportunities related to sequence effects in service operations. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dixon, Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Arlington, VA USA. [Verma, Rohit] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Verma, R (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rv54@cornell.edu NR 75 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0272-6963 EI 1873-1317 J9 J OPER MANAG JI J. Oper. Manag. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 31 IS 3 BP 138 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.jom.2012.12.002 PG 15 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 120LI UT WOS:000317171400003 ER PT J AU Christophersen, M Fadeyev, V Ely, S Phlips, BF Sadrozinski, HFW AF Christophersen, M. Fadeyev, V. Ely, S. Phlips, B. F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. TI The effect of different dicing methods on the leakage currents of n-type silicon diodes and strip sensors SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Silicon diodes; Dark current; Quiescent current; Dry process dicing; Radiation detectors ID LAYER AB All silicon wafers are singulated into individual chips after device processing (front-end) and before packaging. Silicon wafer singulation is dominated by blade- and laser-dicing techniques, both leave some damage. We are using scribing and cleaving to singulate silicon radiation detectors. Scribing and cleaving is known to leave almost damage free sidewalls when applied to III-V compound semiconductors. The technique is not well developed for dicing silicon devices. We used silicon sensors working in a full depletion mode to determine the damage from different scribing techniques (laser-, diamond, and etch-scribing). Etch-scribing shows very low leakage currents and enables cuts at the edge of the active area of the sensor/die. Furthermore, the leakage currents for laser- and diamond-scribed devices can be reduced by a gaseous sidewall etch step. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Christophersen, M.; Phlips, B. F.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Arlington, VA 22240 USA. [Fadeyev, V.; Ely, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, SCIPP, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Christophersen, M (reprint author), USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Code 7654, Arlington, VA 22240 USA. EM marc.christophersen@nrl.navy.mil RI Christophersen, Marc/B-6795-2008 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX We would like to thank the Institute for Nanoscience (NSI) at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the NSI staff. This work has been performed within the framework of the CERN RD50 Collaboration. The work done at the NRL was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). Furthermore, we thank Loomis Industries Inc. for their help with scribing and cleaving test devices. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 81 BP 8 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2012.12.006 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 124DQ UT WOS:000317444400003 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Toporkov, JV Sletten, MA Menk, SP AF Hwang, Paul A. Toporkov, Jakov V. Sletten, Mark A. Menk, Steven P. TI Mapping Surface Currents and Waves with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar in Coastal Waters: Observations of Wave Breaking in Swell-Dominant Conditions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR INTEGRAL TRANSFORM; OCEAN WAVE; GRAVITY-WAVES; SAR MEASUREMENTS; IMAGE SPECTRUM; SEA-SURFACE; WIND; WAVENUMBER; DEPENDENCE; COMPONENTS AB Airborne and spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radars (InSARs) produce surface velocity measurements at very high spatial resolutions over a large area. The data allow construction of the velocity strain field for highlighting ocean surface processes such as wave breaking and rip currents. Also, coherence between signals from two interferometric channels is a descriptor of the correlation condition of the surface roughness that scatters back the radar signals and it is an indication of the ocean surface turbulence. Wave breaking is a major turbulence source causing surface roughness decorrelation, thus the coherence parameter serves as an independent means for detecting wave breaking. The results of breaking detection using roughness decorrelation and critical local acceleration are comparable. In this paper, the breaking fraction in swell-dominant mixed seas along a cross-shore transect is compared with several steepness parameters characterizing different length scales of surface waves. The highest correlation coefficient (from 0.90 to 0.99) is between the breaking fraction and windsea mean square slope contributed primarily by short waves. This result reinforces the previous field observations showing that the length scales of breaking waves are much shorter than the energetic components near the spectral peak, although dominant waves and the associated wave group modulation are important in triggering the breaking process. The large spatial coverage of airborne or spaceborne operation further offers the opportunity to investigate evolution of the surface wave spectrum in high spatial (subkilometer) resolution. This capability is very useful for monitoring the coastal wave and current environment. C1 [Hwang, Paul A.; Toporkov, Jakov V.; Sletten, Mark A.; Menk, Steven P.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrl.navy.mil NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 43 IS 3 BP 563 EP 582 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0128.1 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 119RJ UT WOS:000317114800006 ER PT J AU Donovan, DC Boris, DR Kulcinski, GL Santarius, JF Piefer, GR AF Donovan, D. C. Boris, D. R. Kulcinski, G. L. Santarius, J. F. Piefer, G. R. TI Measuring time of flight of fusion products in an inertial electrostatic confinement fusion device for spatial profiling of fusion reactions SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON SOURCE; IEC AB A new diagnostic has been developed that uses the time of flight (TOF) of the products from a nuclear fusion reaction to determine the location where the fusion reaction occurred. The TOF diagnostic uses charged particle detectors on opposing sides of the inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) device that are coupled to high resolution timing electronics to measure the spatial profile of fusion reactions occurring between the two charged particle detectors. This diagnostic was constructed and tested by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Group in the IEC device, HOMER, which accelerates deuterium ions to fusion relevant energies in a high voltage (similar to 100 kV), spherically symmetric, electrostatic potential well [J. F. Santarius, G. L. Kulcinski, R. P. Ashley, D. R. Boris, B. B. Cipiti, S. K. Murali, G. R. Piefer, R. F. Radel, T. E. Radel, and A. L. Wehmeyer, Fusion Sci. Technol. 47, 1238 (2005)]. The TOF diagnostic detects the products of D(d,p)T reactions and determines where along a chord through the device the fusion event occurred. The diagnostic is also capable of using charged particle spectroscopy to determine the Doppler shift imparted to the fusion products by the center of mass energy of the fusion reactants. The TOF diagnostic is thus able to collect spatial profiles of the fusion reaction density along a chord through the device, coupled with the center of mass energy of the reactions occurring at each location. This provides levels of diagnostic detail never before achieved on an IEC device. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793771] C1 [Donovan, D. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Boris, D. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kulcinski, G. L.; Santarius, J. F.] Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Piefer, G. R.] Phoenix Nucl Labs, Madison, WI 53713 USA. RP Donovan, DC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 84 IS 3 AR 033501 DI 10.1063/1.4793771 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 117PS UT WOS:000316966200015 PM 23556815 ER PT J AU Muller, S Ferrigno, C Kuhnel, M Schonherr, G Becker, PA Wolff, MT Hertel, D Schwarm, FW Grinberg, V Obst, M Caballero, I Pottschmidt, K Furst, F Kreykenbohm, I Rothschild, RE Hemphill, P Nunez, SM Torrejon, JM Klochkov, D Staubert, R Wilms, J AF Mueller, S. Ferrigno, C. Kuehnel, M. Schoenherr, G. Becker, P. A. Wolff, M. T. Hertel, D. Schwarm, F. -W. Grinberg, V. Obst, M. Caballero, I. Pottschmidt, K. Fuerst, F. Kreykenbohm, I. Rothschild, R. E. Hemphill, P. Nunez, S. M. Torrejon, J. M. Klochkov, D. Staubert, R. Wilms, J. TI No anticorrelation between cyclotron line energy and X-ray flux in 4U 0115+634 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-rays: binaries; pulsars: individual 4U 0115+634; magnetic fields ID TIMING-EXPLORER; GIANT OUTBURST; RESONANCE ENERGIES; ABSORPTION FEATURE; PULSAR 4U-0115+63; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NEUTRON-STARS; INTEGRAL DATA; EXO 2030+375 AB We report on an outburst of the high mass X-ray binary 4U 0115+634 with a pulse period of 3.6 s in 2008 March/April as observed with RXTE and INTEGRAL. During the outburst the neutron star's luminosity varied by a factor of 10 in the 3-50 keV band. In agreement with earlier work we find evidence of five cyclotron resonance scattering features at similar to 10.7, 21.8, 35.5, 46.7, and 59.7 keV. Previous work had found an anticorrelation between the fundamental cyclotron line energy and the X-ray flux. We show that this apparent anticorrelation is probably due to the unphysical interplay of parameters of the cyclotron line with the continuum models used previously, e. g., the negative and positive exponent power law (NPEX). For this model, we show that cyclotron line modeling erroneously leads to describing part of the exponential cutoff and the continuum variability, and not the cyclotron lines. When the X-ray continuum is modeled with a simple exponentially cutoff power law modified by a Gaussian emission feature around 10 keV, the correlation between the line energy and the flux vanishes, and the line parameters remain virtually constant over the outburst. We therefore conclude that the previously reported anticorrelation is an artifact of the assumptions adopted in the modeling of the continuum. C1 [Mueller, S.; Kuehnel, M.; Hertel, D.; Schwarm, F. -W.; Grinberg, V.; Obst, M.; Kreykenbohm, I.; Wilms, J.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Karl Remeis Observ, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Mueller, S.; Kuehnel, M.; Hertel, D.; Schwarm, F. -W.; Grinberg, V.; Obst, M.; Kreykenbohm, I.; Wilms, J.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Ferrigno, C.] Univ Geneva, ISDC Data Ctr Astrophys, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Schoenherr, G.] Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Becker, P. A.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wolff, M. T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Caballero, I.] Univ Paris 07, CEA Saclay, CNRS, DSM IRFU SAp UMR AIM 7158,CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Pottschmidt, K.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pottschmidt, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pottschmidt, K.] UMBC, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Fuerst, F.] CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rothschild, R. E.; Hemphill, P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nunez, S. M.; Torrejon, J. M.] Univ Alicante, Inst Univ Fis Aplicada Ciencias & Tecnol, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. [Klochkov, D.; Staubert, R.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP Muller, S (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Karl Remeis Observ, Sternwartstr 7, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. EM Sebastian.Mueller@sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013; Kreykenbohm, Ingo/H-9659-2013; Torrejon, Jose /K-6395-2014; OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410; Kreykenbohm, Ingo/0000-0001-7335-1803; Torrejon, Jose /0000-0002-5967-5163; Hemphill, Paul/0000-0002-1676-6954 FU Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie under Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt [50OR0808, 50OR0905, 50OR1113]; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst; US Office of Naval Research; French Space Agency CNES through CNRS; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (MCINN) [AYA2010-15431]; ESA; [AIB2010DE-00057] FX We thank the referee for his/her insightful comments. We also thank the schedulers of RXTE and INTEGRAL for their role in making this campaign possible, and the International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland, for their hospitality. We acknowledge funding by the Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie under Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt grants 50OR0808, 50OR0905, and 50OR1113, and by the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst. M. T. W. is supported by the US Office of Naval Research. IC acknowledges financial support from the French Space Agency CNES through CNRS. S.M.N. and J.M.T. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (MCINN) through grant AYA2010-15431 and the use of the computer facilities made available through the grant AIB2010DE-00057. This research is in part based on observations with INTEGRAL, an ESA project with instruments and science data centre funded by ESA member states (especially the PI countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Spain), Czech Republic, and Poland, and with the participation of Russia and USA. We thank John E. Davis for the development of the SLxfig module, which was used to create all figures in the paper. NR 58 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 551 AR A6 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201220359 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 110QR UT WOS:000316460600006 ER PT J AU Yang, R Huang, L Lai, YC Grebogi, C Pecora, LM AF Yang, Rui Huang, Liang Lai, Ying-Cheng Grebogi, Celso Pecora, Louis M. TI Harnessing quantum transport by transient chaos SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID FRACTAL CONDUCTANCE FLUCTUATIONS; SINAI BILLIARD; SCATTERING; GRAPHENE; CAVITIES; SOFT AB Chaos has long been recognized to be generally advantageous from the perspective of control. In particular, the infinite number of unstable periodic orbits embedded in a chaotic set and the intrinsically sensitive dependence on initial conditions imply that a chaotic system can be controlled to a desirable state by using small perturbations. Investigation of chaos control, however, was largely limited to nonlinear dynamical systems in the classical realm. In this paper, we show that chaos may be used to modulate or harness quantum mechanical systems. To be concrete, we focus on quantum transport through nanostructures, a problem of considerable interest in nanoscience, where a key feature is conductance fluctuations. We articulate and demonstrate that chaos, more specifically transient chaos, can be effective in modulating the conductance-fluctuation patterns. Experimentally, this can be achieved by applying an external gate voltage in a device of suitable geometry to generate classically inaccessible potential barriers. Adjusting the gate voltage allows the characteristics of the dynamical invariant set responsible for transient chaos to be varied in a desirable manner which, in turn, can induce continuous changes in the statistical characteristics of the quantum conductance-fluctuation pattern. To understand the physical mechanism of our scheme, we develop a theory based on analyzing the spectrum of the generalized non-Hermitian Hamiltonian that includes the effect of leads, or electronic waveguides, as self-energy terms. As the escape rate of the underlying non-attracting chaotic set is increased, the imaginary part of the complex eigenenergy becomes increasingly large so that pointer states are more difficult to form, making smoother the conductance-fluctuation pattern. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790863] C1 [Yang, Rui; Huang, Liang; Lai, Ying-Cheng] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Huang, Liang] Lanzhou Univ, Inst Computat Phys & Complex Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Huang, Liang] Lanzhou Univ, Key Lab Magnetism & Magnet Mat MOE, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Lai, Ying-Cheng] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lai, Ying-Cheng; Grebogi, Celso] Univ Aberdeen, Univ London Kings Coll, Inst Complex Syst & Math Biol, Sch Nat & Comp Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. [Pecora, Louis M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, R (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Huang, Liang/A-1671-2009 FU AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0095]; ONR [N00014-08-1-0627]; NSFC [11005053] FX We thank P.-P. Li for assisting in generating Fig. 4. This work was supported by AFOSR under Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0095 and by ONR under Grant No. N00014-08-1-0627. L. H. was also supported by NSFC under Grant No. 11005053. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 1 AR 013125 DI 10.1063/1.4790863 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 117KA UT WOS:000316950900025 PM 23556962 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Algar, WR Berti, L Gemmill, KB Casey, BJ Oh, E Stewart, MH Medintz, IL AF Sapsford, Kim E. Algar, W. Russ Berti, Lorenzo Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman Casey, Brendan J. Oh, Eunkeu Stewart, Michael H. Medintz, Igor L. TI Functionalizing Nanoparticles with Biological Molecules: Developing Chemistries that Facilitate Nanotechnology SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE NANOPARTICLES; COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; DRUG-DELIVERY SYSTEMS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; HISTIDINE-TAGGED PROTEINS C1 [Sapsford, Kim E.; Casey, Brendan J.] US FDA, Div Biol, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oh, Eunkeu; Stewart, Michael H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Algar, W. Russ] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Berti, Lorenzo] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Oh, Eunkeu] Sotera Def Solut, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL; NRL NSI; ONR; DARPA; DTRA-JSTO MIPR [B112582M]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Susan G. Komen for the Cure; Division of Biology, FDA; Critical Path Initiative FX The authors thank Dr. Melissa Massey for helpful comments on the manuscript. The authors acknowledge NRL, NRL NSI, ONR, DARPA, and DTRA-JSTO MIPR No. B112582M for financial support. W.R.A. is grateful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for a postdoctoral fellowship. L.B. acknowledges Susan G. Komen for the Cure for supporting his research through a Career Catalyst Award. K.E.S. acknowledges the Division of Biology, FDA, and the Critical Path Initiative for financial support. K.E.S thanks Dr. T. Umbreit and Dr. K. S. Phillips for their comments and review of this manuscript. This paper reflects the current thinking and experience of the authors. The mention of commercial products, their sources, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as either an actual or implied endorsement of such products by the Department of Health and Human Services. NR 2075 TC 409 Z9 412 U1 121 U2 1392 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 113 IS 3 BP 1904 EP 2074 DI 10.1021/cr300143v PG 171 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107TL UT WOS:000316243600015 PM 23432378 ER PT J AU Cook, AM Joye, CD Kimura, T Wright, EL Calame, JP AF Cook, Alan M. Joye, Colin D. Kimura, Takuji Wright, Edward L. Calame, Jeffrey P. TI Broadband 220-GHz Vacuum Window for a Traveling-Wave Tube Amplifier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE High-power amplifiers; millimeter wave (mmW) devices; mmW measurements AB We present electromagnetic cold-test measurements of BeO ceramic pillbox vacuum windows for a 220-GHz traveling-wave tube amplifier. Transmission and reflection measurements show better than 20 dB return loss over a 25 GHz bandwidth, with band centers in the range of 212-225 GHz. We observe tuning of the window response as the circular waveguide length is changed. High-power testing is performed at 2.5W, 100% duty at 218 GHz. C1 [Cook, Alan M.; Joye, Colin D.; Calame, Jeffrey P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kimura, Takuji] Commun & Power Ind Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Wright, Edward L.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Cook, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alan.cook@nrl.navy.mil; colin.joye@nrl.navy.mil; takuji.kimura@cpii.com; ewright.bwresearch@comcast.net; jeffrey.calame@nrl.navy.mil RI Cook, Alan/D-2557-2013 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; DARPA FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research and by DARPA. The review of this brief was arranged by Editor R. Carter. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAR PY 2013 VL 60 IS 3 BP 1257 EP 1259 DI 10.1109/TED.2012.2232929 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 115NW UT WOS:000316820000052 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, CA Barker, K AF MacKenzie, Cameron A. Barker, Kash TI Empirical Data and Regression Analysis for Estimation of Infrastructure Resilience with Application to Electric Power Outages SO JOURNAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Infrastructure; Electric power; Data analysis; Natural disasters; Resilience; Interdependence; Regression; Power outages ID SYSTEMS; INOPERABILITY; INPUT; INTERDEPENDENCIES; SIMULATION; HURRICANES; FRAMEWORK; RECOVERY; MODELS AB Recent natural disasters have highlighted the need for increased planning for disruptive events. Forecasting damage and time that a system will be inoperable is important for disruption planning. The resilience of critical infrastructure systems, or their ability to recover quickly from a disruption, can mitigate adverse consequences of the disruption. This paper quantifies the resilience of a critical infrastructure sector through the dynamic inoperability input-output model (DIIM). The DIIM, which describes how inoperability propagates through a set of interdependent industry and infrastructure sectors following a disruptive event, includes a resilience parameter that has not yet been adequately assessed. This paper provides a data-driven approach to derive the resilience parameter through regression models. Data may contain different disruption scenarios, and regression models can incorporate these scenarios through the use of categorical or dummy variables. A mixed-effects model offers an alternate approach of accounting for these scenarios, and these models estimate parameters based on the combination of all scenarios (fixed effects) and an individual scenario (random effects). These regression models are illustrated with electric power outage data and a regional disruption that uses the DIIM to model production losses in Oklahoma following an electric power outage. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000103. (c) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [MacKenzie, Cameron A.] USN, Def Resources Management Inst, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [MacKenzie, Cameron A.; Barker, Kash] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP MacKenzie, CA (reprint author), USN, Def Resources Management Inst, Postgrad Sch, 699 Dyer Rd,Bldg 234, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM camacken@nps.edu; kashbarker@ou.edu OI Barker, Kash/0000-0002-0142-1558 FU National Science Foundation, Division of Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation [0927299] FX This work was funded in part by the National Science Foundation, Division of Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation, under award 0927299. The authors also thank the thoughtful suggestions of the reviewers, whose comments contributed significantly to this paper. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 41 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1076-0342 J9 J INFRASTRUCT SYST JI J. Infrastruct. Syst. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 19 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000103 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 112AJ UT WOS:000316563500003 ER PT J AU Young, G Roberts, C Dunham, S AF Young, Gregory Roberts, Colin Dunham, Steven TI Combustion Behavior of Solid Oxidizer/Gaseous Fuel Diffusion Flames SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 06-13, 2012 CL Nashville, TN SP AIAA, US AF Off Sci Res ID AMMONIUM DINITRAMIDE DECOMPOSITION; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; BURNING RATE; PART 1; PERCHLORATE; KINETICS; NITRATE; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISM AB The diffusion flame combustion behavior of several solid oxidizers (ammonium nitrate, phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, and ammonium dinitramide) in combination with a hydrocarbon fuel (ethylene) was examined. The oxidizers were first analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and evolved gas analysis to gain an understanding of their basic decomposition characteristics. Next, an opposed flow burner was used to establish a diffusion flame between the decomposition products of the oxidizer(s) and the fuel. Regression rates of the solid oxidizer were measured by a linear variable displacement transducer as a function of fuel flow rate. Ammonium dinitramide demonstrated the highest linear regression rate characteristics by up to two orders of magnitude, followed by anunonium perchlorate, phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate, and finally ammonium nitrate. When comparing mass burning rates, ammonium perchlorate compares favorably to solid fuels such as hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene. In addition, the flame zone(s) were imaged via high-speed photography to provide detailed information of flame characteristics. Flame imaging revealed large melt layers and boiling type behavior for ammonium nitrate and phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate as well as droplet ejection from the melt layer. The goal of this study was to gain an understanding of the fundamental combustion behavior of a diffusion flame between a solid oxidizer and a hydrocarbon fuel as a stepping-stone to more complex systems such as reverse hybrid rockets. C1 [Young, Gregory; Roberts, Colin; Dunham, Steven] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, RTD&E Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Young, G (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, RTD&E Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM gregory.young1@navy.mil NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 2 BP 362 EP 370 DI 10.2514/1.B34568 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 110HM UT WOS:000316433200009 ER PT J AU Chiu, LYS Reeder, DB Chang, YY Chen, CF Chiu, CS Lynch, JF AF Chiu, Linus Y. S. Reeder, D. Benjamin Chang, Yuan-Ying Chen, Chi-Fang Chiu, Ching-Sang Lynch, James F. TI Enhanced acoustic mode coupling resulting from an internal solitary wave approaching the shelfbreak in the South China Sea SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND-PROPAGATION; PENETRABLE BOTTOM; SHALLOW-WATER; OCEAN; SOLITONS; INTENSITY; EQUATION; PACKETS; WEDGE; RANGE AB Internal waves and bathymetric variation create time-and space-dependent alterations in the ocean acoustic waveguide, and cause subsequent coupling of acoustic energy between propagating normal modes. In this paper, the criterion for adiabatic invariance is extended to the case of an internal solitary wave (ISW) encountering a sloping bathymetry (i.e., continental shelfbreak). Predictions based on the extended criterion for adiabatic invariance are compared to experimental observations from the Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment. Using a mode 1 starter field, results demonstrate time-dependent coupling of mode 1 energy to higher adjacent modes, followed by abrupt coupling of mode 5-7 energy to nonadjacent modes 8-20, produces enhanced mode coupling and higher received levels downrange of the oceanographic and bathymetric features. Numerical simulations demonstrate that increasing ISW amplitude and seafloor slope enhance the coupling of energy to adjacent and nonadjacent modes. This enhanced coupling is the direct result of the simultaneous influence of the ISW and its proximity to the shelfbreak, and, compared to the individual effect of the ISW or shelfbreak, has the capacity to scatter 2-4 times the amount of acoustic energy from below the thermocline into the upper water column beyond the shelfbreak in realistic environments. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4789358] C1 [Chiu, Linus Y. S.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Appl Marine Phys & Undersea Technol, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Reeder, D. Benjamin; Chen, Chi-Fang] USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chang, Yuan-Ying; Chen, Chi-Fang] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Ocean Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Lynch, James F.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Chiu, LYS (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Appl Marine Phys & Undersea Technol, 70 Lienhai Rd, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. EM linus@mail.nsysu.edu.tw FU National Science Council of Taiwan; U.S. Office of Naval Research; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 100-2611-M-110-017-] FX The ASIAEX and NLIWI experiments were supported jointly by the National Science Council of Taiwan and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. Special thanks are offered to all of the ASIAEX and NLIWI experiment participants for their successful efforts, to the lead Principal Investigators from the U.S. and Taiwan, and to the crew members of the research vessels R/V OR1, R/V OR2, and R/V OR3. Special thanks are also offered to Dr. Ying-Tsong Lin for his useful comments on this manuscript. This work is supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan with project No. NSC 100-2611-M-110-017-. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 133 IS 3 BP 1306 EP 1319 DI 10.1121/1.4789358 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 108NP UT WOS:000316300900024 PM 23464003 ER PT J AU Shaffer, JW Moretti, D Jarvis, S Tyack, P Johnson, M AF Shaffer, Jessica Ward Moretti, David Jarvis, Susan Tyack, Peter Johnson, Mark TI Effective beam pattern of the Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) and implications for passive acoustic monitoring SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ECHOLOCATION SIGNALS; PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; CLICKS; BEHAVIOR; TAG AB The presence of beaked whales in mass-strandings coincident with navy maneuvers has prompted the development of methods to detect these cryptic animals. Blainville's beaked whales, Mesoplodon densirostris, produce distinctive echolocation clicks during long foraging dives making passive acoustic detection a possibility. However, performance of passive acoustic monitoring depends upon the source level, beam pattern, and clicking behavior of the whales. In this study, clicks recorded from Digital acoustic Tags (DTags) attached to four M. densirostris were linked to simultaneous recordings from an 82-hydrophone bottom-mounted array to derive the source level and beam pattern of the clicks, as steps towards estimating their detectability. The mean estimated on-axis apparent source level for the four whales was 201 dB(rms97). The mean 3 dB beamwidth and directivity index, estimated from sequences of clicks directed towards the far-field hydrophones, were 13 degrees and 23 dB, respectively. While searching for prey, Blainville's beaked whales scan their heads horizontally at a mean rate of 3.6 degrees/s over an angular range of some +/-10 degrees. Thus, while the DI indicates a narrow beam, the area of ensonification over a complete foraging dive is large given the combined effects of body and head movements associated with foraging. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4776177] C1 [Shaffer, Jessica Ward; Moretti, David; Jarvis, Susan] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Tyack, Peter; Johnson, Mark] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. RP Shaffer, JW (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Code 74,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM jessica.a.shaffer@navy.mil RI Tyack, Peter/D-6209-2013 OI Tyack, Peter/0000-0002-8409-4790 FU Environmental Readiness Division of the U.S. Navy [N45]; U.S. Office of Naval Research; U.S. Chief of Naval Operations Submarine Warfare Division [IWS5]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program; National Oceanographic Partnership Program: the Ocean Acoustics Program of the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources; International Association of Oil and Gas Producers Joint Industry Programme on Exploration and Production Sound and Marine Life; Marine Alliance for Science and Technology Scotland FX These data were collected during the 2006 Bahamas Species Verification Test and 2007 Behavioral Response Study funded by the Environmental Readiness Division of the U.S. Navy (N45), U.S. Office of Naval Research, U.S. Chief of Naval Operations Submarine Warfare Division (Undersea Surveillance IWS5) and Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. We would like to thank the entire field team that participated in the 2007 BRS for supporting the effort that provided the data for this study. This work was funded by two partners under the National Oceanographic Partnership Program: the Ocean Acoustics Program of the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, and the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers Joint Industry Programme on Exploration and Production Sound and Marine Life. Research permits were issued to John Boreman (US NMFS 1121-1900), Peter Tyack (US NMFS 981-1578), and Ian Boyd (Bahamas permit #02/07). The tagging research was approved by the WHOI and Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organisation Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. M.J. and P.T. are supported by the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology Scotland. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 133 IS 3 BP 1770 EP 1784 DI 10.1121/1.4776177 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 108NP UT WOS:000316300900067 PM 23464046 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ AF Finneran, James J. TI Dolphin "packet" use during long-range echolocation tasks SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AUTOMATIC GAIN-CONTROL; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN; SIGNALS; TARGET AB When echolocating, dolphins typically emit a single broadband "click," then wait to receive the echo before emitting another click. However, previous studies have shown that during long-range echolocation tasks, they may instead emit a burst, or " packet," of several clicks, then wait for the packet of echoes to return before emitting another packet of clicks. The reasons for the use of packets are unknown. In this study, packet use was examined by having trained bottlenose dolphins perform long-range echolocation tasks. The tasks featured "phantom" echoes produced by capturing the dolphin's outgoing echolocation clicks, convolving the clicks with an impulse response to create an echo waveform, and then broadcasting the delayed, scaled echo to the dolphin. Dolphins were trained to report the presence of phantom echoes or a change in phantom echoes. Target range varied from 25 to 800 m. At ranges below 75 m, the dolphins rarely used packets. As the range increased beyond 75m, two of the three dolphins increasingly produced packets, while the third dolphin instead utilized very high click repetition rates. The use of click packets appeared to be governed more by echo delay (target range) than echo amplitude. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4788997] C1 USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, Code 71510,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. FU SSC Pacific Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE) program FX The author greatly appreciates the efforts of Megan Tormey, Kimberly Bahktiari, Amy Black, Arial Brewer, and Gavin Goya who trained the bottlenose dolphins. The author thanks Teri Wu for assistance with the data collection and analysis, and Randall Dear and Jim Powell for logistic support. The author also thanks Patrick Moore, Dorian Houser, Brian Branstetter, and Jason Mulsow for many helpful discussions on the experimental approach and data. The study followed a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at SSC Pacific and the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, and followed all applicable U.S. Department of Defense guidelines. Financial support was provided by the SSC Pacific Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE) program. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 26 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 133 IS 3 BP 1796 EP 1810 DI 10.1121/1.4788997 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 108NP UT WOS:000316300900069 PM 23464048 ER PT J AU Branstetter, BK Trickey, JS Bakhtiari, K Black, A Aihara, H Finneran, JJ AF Branstetter, Brian K. Trickey, Jennifer S. Bakhtiari, Kimberly Black, Amy Aihara, Hitomi Finneran, James J. TI Auditory masking patterns in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) with natural, anthropogenic, and synthesized noise SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MODULATION TRANSFER-FUNCTIONS; VENTRAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; CRITICAL BANDWIDTH; SIGNAL DURATION; CRITICAL RATIOS; RELEASE; THRESHOLDS; PINNIPEDS; CUES AB Auditory masking occurs when one sound ( usually called noise) interferes with the detection, discrimination, or recognition of another sound ( usually called the signal). This interference can lead to detriments in a listener's ability to communicate, forage, and navigate. Most studies of auditory masking in marine mammals have been limited to detection thresholds of pure tones in Gaussian noise. Environmental noise marine mammals encounter is often more complex. In the current study, detection thresholds were estimated for bottlenose dolphins with a 10 kHz signal masked by natural, anthropogenic, and synthesized noise. Using a band-widening paradigm, detection thresholds exhibited a pattern where signal thresholds increased proportionally to bandwidth for narrow band noise. However, when noise bandwidth was greater than a critical band, masking patterns diverged. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the auditory mechanisms responsible for the divergent masking patterns were related to across-channel comparison and within-valley listening. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4789939] C1 [Branstetter, Brian K.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Trickey, Jennifer S.; Bakhtiari, Kimberly; Black, Amy; Aihara, Hitomi] G2 Software Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Finneran, James J.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Branstetter, BK (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM branstet@gmail.com OI Trickey, Jennifer/0000-0002-6080-8744 FU U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program; Office of Naval Research FX We would like to thank the staff and interns of the U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program for their support. We also thank Marc O. Lammers and Jennifer Miksis-Olds for generously providing us with field recordings of natural noise. Financial support was provided by the Office of Naval Research. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 39 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 133 IS 3 BP 1811 EP 1818 DI 10.1121/1.4789939 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 108NP UT WOS:000316300900070 PM 23464049 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Schlundt, CE AF Finneran, James J. Schlundt, Carolyn E. TI Effects of fatiguing tone frequency on temporary threshold shift in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OCTAVE-BAND NOISE; MASKED HEARING THRESHOLDS; PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; EXPOSURE; RECOVERY; LEVEL; INTENSITIES; POTENTIALS; DURATION AB Temporary threshold shift (TTS) was measured in two bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) after exposure to 16-s tones between 3 and 80 kHz to examine the effects of exposure frequency on the onset, growth, and recovery of TTS. Hearing thresholds were measured approximately one-half octave above the exposure frequency using a behavioral response paradigm featuring an adaptive staircase procedure. Results show frequency-specific differences in TTS onset and growth, and suggest increased susceptibility to auditory fatigue for frequencies between approximately 10 and 30 kHz. Between 3 and 56 kHz, the relationship between exposure frequency and the exposure level required to induce 6 dB of TTS, measured 4min post-exposure, agrees closely with an auditory weighting function for bottlenose dolphins developed from equal loudness contours [Finneran and Schlundt. (2011). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130, 3124-3136]. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4776211] C1 [Finneran, James J.] USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Schlundt, Carolyn E.] ITT Exelis Corp, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, Code 71510,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM james.finneran@navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research Marine Mammal Science and Technology Program [32] FX We thank R. Dear, L. Green, J. Powell, E. Robinson, M. Tormey, K. Bakhtiari, H. Aihara, M. Sloan, K. Wickersham, and G. Goya for animal training and logistics support. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research Marine Mammal Science and Technology Program (Code 32). The study followed a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at SSC Pacific, and the US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 46 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 133 IS 3 BP 1819 EP 1826 DI 10.1121/1.4776211 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 108NP UT WOS:000316300900071 PM 23464050 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK Valente, D Nykaza, ET Pettit, CL AF Wilson, D. Keith Valente, Dan Nykaza, Edward T. Pettit, Chris L. TI Information-criterion based selection of models for community noise annoyance SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE AB Statistical evidence for various models relating day-night sound level (DNL) to community noise annoyance is assessed with the Akaike information criterion. In particular, community-specific adjustments such as the community tolerance level (CTL, the DNL at which 50% of survey respondents are highly annoyed) and community tolerance spread (CTS, the difference between the DNL at which 90% and 10% are highly annoyed) are considered. The results strongly support models characterizing annoyance on a community-by-community basis, rather than with complete pooling and analysis of all available surveys. The most likely model was found to be a 2-parameter logistic model, with CTL and CTS fit independently to survey data from each community. C1 [Wilson, D. Keith] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Valente, Dan; Nykaza, Edward T.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. [Pettit, Chris L.] USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM d.keith.wilson@usace.army.mil; daniel.p.valente@usace.army.mil; edward.t.nykaza@erdc.dren.mil; pettitcl@usna.edu RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 FU U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Geospatial Research and Engineering business area FX This research was funded by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Geospatial Research and Engineering business area. Permission to publish was granted by Director, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and are not to be construed as official positions of the funding agency or the Department of the Army unless so designated by other authorized documents. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 133 IS 3 BP EL195 EP EL201 DI 10.1121/1.4790820 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 108NP UT WOS:000316300900008 ER PT J AU Hanna, KH Jeffery, SLA AF Hanna, K. H. Jeffery, S. L. A. TI Radial forearm flaps as durable soft tissue coverage for local nationals being treated in the field hospital setting SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS LA English DT Article AB The current conflict in Afghanistan has seen the increasing use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) in insurgency attacks. In addition to the coalition forces killed and injured from these devices, local national civilians are also injured. Injuries often include amputations, open fractures and large areas of skin affected by fragmentation. Local national access to long-term care after an IED injury is limited, and often when the patient leaves a coalition hospital this concludes the care the patient will receive. Definitive, durable treatment options are needed for these patients. In the IED-injured patient with open extremity wounds and open metacarpal fractures, pedicled radial forearm flaps offer a suitable soft tissue coverage option. Four cases are reported on IED-injured Afghan patients treated at a Role 3 hospital facility. C1 [Hanna, K. H.] USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Jeffery, S. L. A.] Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Burns & Plast Surg, Royal Ctr Def Med, Birmingham B15 2TH, W Midlands, England. RP Jeffery, SLA (reprint author), Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Burns & Plast Surg, Royal Ctr Def Med, Mindlesohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, W Midlands, England. EM slajeffery@rcsed.ac.uk RI Hanna, Khalil/G-9932-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU RAMC JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBERELY SURREY PA HQ AMS, FASC, SLIM RD, CAMBERELY SURREY, GU15 4NP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8665 J9 J ROY ARMY MED CORPS JI J. R. Army Med. Corps PD MAR PY 2013 VL 159 IS 1 BP 21 EP 23 DI 10.1136/jramc-2013-000010 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 114XX UT WOS:000316777400005 ER PT J AU Waibel, JS Wulkan, AJ Shumaker, PR AF Waibel, Jill S. Wulkan, Adam J. Shumaker, Peter R. TI Treatment of hypertrophic scars using laser and laser assisted corticosteroid delivery SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE drug delivery systems; fractional laser; hypertrophic scar; scar therapy; triamcinolone acetonide; laser assisted delivery systems ID PULSED-DYE-LASER; FRACTIONAL LASER; KELOIDS; IMPROVEMENT; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT; PRESSURE; BURNS AB Background and Objectives Hypertrophic scars and contractures are common following various types of trauma and procedures despite skilled surgical and wound care. Following ample time for healing and scar maturation, many millions of patients are burdened with persistent symptoms and functional impairments. Cutaneous scars can be complex and thus the approach to therapy is often multimodal. Intralesional corticosteroids have long been a staple in the treatment of hypertrophic and restrictive scars. Recent advances in laser technology and applications now provide additional options for improvements in function, symptoms, and cosmesis. Fractional ablative lasers create zones of ablation at variable depths of the skin with the subsequent induction of a wound healing and collagen remodeling response. Recent reports suggest these ablative zones may also be used in the immediate post-operative period to enhance delivery of drugs and other substances. We present a case series evaluating the efficacy of a novel combination therapy that incorporates the use of an ablative fractional laser with topically applied triamcinolone acetonide suspension in the immediate post-operative period. Methods This is a prospective case series including 15 consecutive subjects with hypertrophic scars resulting from burns, surgery or traumatic injuries. Subjects were treated according to typical institutional protocol with three to five treatment sessions at 2- to 3-month intervals consisting of fractional ablative laser treatment and immediate post-operative topical application of triamcinolone acetonide suspension at a concentration of 10 or 20mg/ml. Three blinded observers evaluated photographs taken at baseline and six months after the final treatment session. Scores were assigned using a modified Manchester quartile score to evaluate enhancements in dyschromia, hypertrophy, texture, and overall improvement. Limitations Small sample size and lack of a control arm. Results Combination same session laser therapy and immediate post-operative corticosteroid delivery resulted in average overall improvement of 2.73/3.0. Dyschromia showed the least amount of improvement while texture showed the most improvement. Conclusion Combination same-session therapy with ablative fractional laser-assisted delivery of triamcinolone acetonide potentially offers an efficient, safe and effective combination therapy for challenging hypertrophic and restrictive cutaneous scars. Lasers Surg. Med. 45: 135140, 2013. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Waibel, Jill S.] Miami Dermatol, Laser Inst, Miami, FL 33173 USA. [Wulkan, Adam J.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Shumaker, Peter R.] USN, Dept Dermatol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Waibel, JS (reprint author), Miami Dermatol & Laser Inst, 7800 SW 87th Ave, Miami, FL 33173 USA. NR 23 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 45 IS 3 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1002/lsm.22120 PG 6 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 117OU UT WOS:000316963800001 PM 23460557 ER PT J AU Conlin, AMS Bukowinski, AT Sevick, CJ DeScisciolo, C Crum-Cianflone, NF AF Conlin, Ava Marie S. Bukowinski, Anna T. Sevick, Carter J. DeScisciolo, Connie Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. TI Safety of the Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Among Pregnant U.S. Military Women and Their Newborns SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on San Diego Epidemiology Research Exchange CY APR 27, 2012 CL San Diego, CA ID UNITED-STATES; A H1N1; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; OUTCOMES; SURVEILLANCE; VIRUS; RISK AB OBJECTIVES: To assess adverse pregnancy outcomes among active-duty U.S. military women who received pandemic H1N1 vaccine during pregnancy as well as adverse health outcomes among the newborns resulting from these pregnancies. METHODS: The primary study population was a retrospective cohort of active-duty U.S. military women vaccinated during pregnancy with either the pandemic H1N1 vaccine between October 2009 and June 2010 or with seasonal influenza vaccine between October 2008 and June 2009. Rates of pregnancy loss, preeclampsia or eclampsia, and preterm labor were compared between pandemic H1N1 vaccine-exposed (n = 10,376) and seasonal influenza vaccine-exposed pregnancies (n = 7,560). A secondary study population consisted of newborns resulting from these pregnancies. Rates of preterm birth, birth defects, fetal growth problems, and the male-to-female sex ratio were compared between newborns exposed to pandemic H1N1 vaccine and newborns exposed to seasonal influenza vaccine in utero. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in rates of pregnancy loss (6.4% compared with 6.5%), preeclampsia or eclampsia (5.8% compared with 5.2%), or preterm labor (6.5% compared with 6.2%) between pandemic H1N1 vaccine-exposed and seasonal influenza vaccine-exposed pregnancies. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in rates of preterm birth (6.2% compared with 6.3%), birth defects (2.1% compared with 2.0%), fetal growth problems (2.6% compared with 2.4%), or the male-to-female sex ratio (1.05 compared with 1.07) between newborns exposed in utero to pandemic H1N1 vaccine compared with seasonal influenza vaccine. Rates of all outcomes were lower or similar to overall general population rates. This study had at least 80% power to detect hazard ratios of 1.18-1.21 or odds ratios of 1.10-1.36, depending on outcome prevalence. CONCLUSION: No adverse pregnancy or newborn health outcomes associated with pandemic H1N1 vaccination during pregnancy were noted among our cohort. These findings should be used to encourage increased vaccine coverage among pregnant women. (Obstet Gynecol 2013;121:511-8) DOI: http://10.1097/AOG.0b013e318280d64e C1 [Conlin, Ava Marie S.; Bukowinski, Anna T.; Sevick, Carter J.; DeScisciolo, Connie; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] NHRC, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Conlin, AMS (reprint author), NHRC, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM ava.conlin@med.navy.mil NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 121 IS 3 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318280d64e PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 112QN UT WOS:000316607600004 PM 23635612 ER PT J AU Mahon, RT Auker, CR Bradley, SG Mendelson, A Hall, AA AF Mahon, R. T. Auker, C. R. Bradley, S. G. Mendelson, A. Hall, A. A. TI The emulsified perfluorocarbon Oxycyte improves spinal cord injury in a swine model of decompression sickness SO SPINAL CORD LA English DT Article DE decompression illness; PFC; neurological DCS; diving ID INTRAVENOUS PERFLUOROCARBON; GAS-BUBBLES; ILLNESS; PROTECTION; EMBOLISM; RABBITS; DIVERS; OXYGEN; FC-43; MRI AB Study design: A prospective, animal model for pharmacological intervention of decompression sickness (DCS), including spinal cord (SC) injury. Background: Signs and symptoms of DCS can include joint pain, skin discoloration, cardiopulmonary congestion and SC injury; severity ranges from trivial to fatal. Non-recompressive therapy for DCS may improve time-to-treatment and therefore impact mortality and morbidity. Objectives: Oxycyte at 5 cc kg(-1) provides both SC protection and statistically significant survival benefit in a swine model of DCS. The purpose of this study was to test whether a reduced dose of Oxycyte (3 cc kg(-1)) would provide similar benefit. Setting: Silver Spring, MD, USA Methods: Male Yorkshire swine (N = 50) underwent a non-linear compression profile to 200 fsw (feet of sea water), which was identical to previous work using the 5cc kg(-1) dose of Oxycyte. After 31 min of bottom time, decompression was initiated at 30 fsw per minute until surface pressure was reached. Following decompression and the onset of DCS, intravenous Oxycyte or saline was administered with concurrent 100% O-2 for 1 h. The primary end point was DCS-induced mortality, with Tarlov score and SC histopathology as secondary end points. Results: Oxycyte administration of 3 cc kg(-1) following surfacing produced no significant detectable survival benefit. Animals that received Oxycyte, however, had reduced SC lesion area. Conclusion: Further studies to determine the lowest fully efficacious dose of Oxycyte for the adjunct treatment of DCS are warranted. Spinal Cord (2013) 51, 188-192; doi:10.1038/sc.2012.135; published online 20 November 2012 C1 [Mahon, R. T.; Auker, C. R.; Bradley, S. G.; Mendelson, A.; Hall, A. A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Undersea Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Mahon, RT (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Undersea Med Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Richard.Mahon@med.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [603792 N.02914.W050.A0710] FX The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Navy, Department of Defense, nor the US Government. This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research work unit #603792 N.02914.W050.A0710. The authors are US Government employees and this work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. provides that copyright protection is not available for work prepared as a part of official duties. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1362-4393 J9 SPINAL CORD JI Spinal Cord PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 BP 188 EP 192 DI 10.1038/sc.2012.135 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 114DO UT WOS:000316721300005 PM 23165506 ER PT J AU Christodoulou, JA AF Christodoulou, Julie A. TI Integrated Computational Materials Engineering and Materials Genome Initiative: Accelerating Materials Innovation SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 [Christodoulou, Julie A.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Christodoulou, JA (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Naval Mat Div Code332, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM julie.christodoulou@navy.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 23 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 171 IS 3 BP 28 EP 31 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 106SX UT WOS:000316166100005 ER PT J AU Knobel, DL Maina, AN Cutler, SJ Ogola, E Feikin, DR Junghae, M Halliday, JEB Richards, AL Breiman, RF Cleaveland, S Njenga, MK AF Knobel, Darryn L. Maina, Alice N. Cutler, Sally J. Ogola, Eric Feikin, Daniel R. Junghae, Muthoni Halliday, Jo E. B. Richards, Allen L. Breiman, Robert F. Cleaveland, Sarah Njenga, M. Kariuki TI Coxiella burnetii in Humans, Domestic Ruminants, and Ticks in Rural Western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID Q-FEVER; MORBIDITY; OUTBREAK; SEROPREVALENCE; SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY; HISTORY; DISEASE; CATTLE; HEALTH AB We conducted serological surveys for Coxiella burnetii in archived sera from patients that visited a rural clinic in western Kenya from 2007 to 2008 and in cattle, sheep, and goats from the same area in 2009. We also conducted serological and polymerase chain reaction-based surveillance for the pathogen in 2009-2010, in human patients with acute lower respiratory illness, in ruminants following parturition, and in ticks collected from ruminants and domestic dogs. Antibodies against C. burnetii were detected in 30.9% (N = 246) of archived patient sera and in 28.3% (N = 463) of cattle, 32.0% (N = 378) of goats, and 18.2% (N = 159) of sheep surveyed. Four of 135 (3%) patients with acute lower respiratory illness showed seroconversion to C. burnetii. The pathogen was detected by polymerase chain reaction in specimens collected from three of six small ruminants that gave birth within the preceding 24 hours, and in five of 10 pools (50%) of Haemaphysalis leachi ticks collected from domestic dogs. C1 [Knobel, Darryn L.] Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Trop Dis, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Maina, Alice N.; Richards, Allen L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Cutler, Sally J.] Univ E London, Sch Hlth Sports & Biosci, London E15 4LZ, England. [Feikin, Daniel R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Feikin, Daniel R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Baltimore, MD USA. [Halliday, Jo E. B.; Cleaveland, Sarah] Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Knobel, DL (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Trop Dis, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. EM darryn.knobel@up.ac.za; alicemaina727@gmail.com; S.Cutler@uel.ac.uk; EOgola@kemricdc.org; dfeikin@jhsph.edu; mjunghae@ke.cdc.gov; jo.halliday@glasgow.ac.uk; allen.richards@med.navy.mil; rbreiman@ke.cdc.gov; sarah.cleaveland@glasgow.ac.uk; knjenga@ke.cdc.gov RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Halliday, Jo/0000-0002-1329-9035 FU Wellcome Trust, UK [081828/B/06/Z]; U.S. Centers of Disease Control and Prevention and Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System Program [188M.0931.001.A0074] FX This research was supported by the Wellcome Trust, UK (grant no. 081828/B/06/Z) and U.S. Centers of Disease Control and Prevention and Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System Program (work unit no. 188M.0931.001.A0074). NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 88 IS 3 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0169 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 106QC UT WOS:000316158800020 PM 23382156 ER PT J AU Petryayeva, E Algar, WR Medintz, IL AF Petryayeva, Eleonora Algar, W. Russ Medintz, Igor L. TI Quantum Dots in Bioanalysis: A Review of Applications Across Various Platforms for Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Imaging SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Review DE Quantum dot; Fluorescence; Spectroscopy; Assay; Imaging; Microscopy; Flow cytometry; Single molecule; Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET); Multiplexing ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; COLLOIDAL SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; CROSS-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; PLASMON-COUPLED EMISSION; LIGAND-RECEPTOR BINDING; IN-VIVO; ELECTROGENERATED CHEMILUMINESCENCE; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; ENHANCED ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE AB Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are brightly luminescent nanoparticles that have found numerous applications in bioanalysis and bioimaging. In this review, we highlight recent developments in these areas in the context of specific methods for fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging. Following a primer on the structure, properties, and biofunctionalization of QDs, we describe Select examples of how QDs have been used in combination with steady-state or time-resolved spectroscopic techniques to develop a variety of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors that function via changes in QD photoluminescence intensity, polarization, or lifetime. Some special attention is paid to the use of Forster resonance energy transfer type methods in bioanalysis, including those based on bioluminescence and chemiluminescence. Direct chemiluminescence, electro-chemiluminescence, and charge transfer quenching are similarly discussed. We further describe the combination of QDs and flow cytometry, including traditional cellular analyses and spectrally encoded barcode-based assay technologies, before turning our attention to enhanced fluorescence techniques based on photonic crystals or plasmon coupling. Finally, we survey the use of QDs across different platforms for biological fluorescence imaging, including epilluorescence, confocal, and two. photon excitation microscopy; single particle tracking and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; super-resolution imaging; near-field scanning optical microscopy; and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. In each of the above-mentioned platforms, QDs provide the brightness needed for highly sensitive detection, the photostability needed for tracking dynamic processes, or the multiplexing capacity needed to elucidate complex systems. There is a clear synergy between advances in QD materials and spectroscopy and imaging techniques, as both must be applied in concert to achieve their full potential. C1 [Petryayeva, Eleonora; Algar, W. Russ] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Algar, WR (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM algar@chem.ubc.ca OI Petryayeva, Eleonora/0000-0001-9330-0499 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia FX Eleonora Petryayeva is grateful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for support through a postgraduate fellowship. W. Russ Algar and Eleonora Petryayeva acknowledge the University of British Columbia for financial support of this research. Igor L. Medintz acknowledges the Office of Naval Research, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), the NRL Nanosciences Institute, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Joint Science and Technological Office (DTRA-JSTO) Military Interdepartmental Purchase Requisition B112582M. NR 299 TC 159 Z9 164 U1 31 U2 550 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0003-7028 EI 1943-3530 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 67 IS 3 BP 215 EP 252 DI 10.1366/12-06948 PG 38 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 102GR UT WOS:000315833400001 PM 23452487 ER PT J AU Meylemans, HA Harvey, BG Reams, JT Guenthner, AJ Cambrea, LR Groshens, TJ Baldwin, LC Garrison, MD Mabry, JM AF Meylemans, Heather A. Harvey, Benjamin G. Reams, Josiah T. Guenthner, Andrew J. Cambrea, Lee R. Groshens, Thomas J. Baldwin, Lawrence C. Garrison, Michael D. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Synthesis, Characterization, and Cure Chemistry of Renewable Bis(cyanate) Esters Derived from 2-Methoxy-4-Methylphenol SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID EPOXY-RESINS; PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE; TRICYANATE ESTER; LIGNIN; POLYMERS; POLYURETHANES; POLYESTERS; RESOURCES; KINETICS AB A series of renewable bis(cyanate) esters have been prepared from bisphenols synthesized by condensation of 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (creosol) with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde. The cyanate esters have been fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy, H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. These compounds melt from 88 to 143 degrees C, while cured resins have glass transition temperatures from 219 to 248 degrees C, water uptake (96 h, 85 degrees C immersion) in the range of 2.05-3.21%, and wet glass transition temperatures from 174 to 193 degrees C. These properties suggest that creosol-derived cyanate esters may be useful for a wide variety of military and commercial applications. The cure chemistry of the cyanate esters has been studied with FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that cyanate esters with more sterically demanding bridging groups cure more slowly, but also more completely than those with a bridging methylene group. In addition to the structural differences, the purity of the cyanate esters has a significant effect on both the cure chemistry and final T-g of the materials. In some cases, post-cure of the resins at 350 degrees C resulted in significant decomposition and off-gassing, but cure protocols that terminated at 250-300 degrees C generated void-free resin pucks without degradation. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that cured resins were stable up to 400 degrees C and then rapidly degraded. TGA/FTIR and mass spectrometry results showed that the resins decomposed to phenols, isocyanic acid, and secondary decomposition products, including CO2. Char yields of cured resins under N-2 ranged from 27 to 35%, while char yields in air ranged from 8 to 11%. These data suggest that resins of this type may potentially be recycled to parent phenols, creosol, and other alkylated creosols by pyrolysis in the presence of excess water vapor. The ability to synthesize these high temperature resins from a phenol (creosol) that can be derived from lignin, coupled with the potential to recycle the composites, provides a possible route to the production of sustainable, high-performance, thermosetting resins with reduced environmental impact. C1 [Meylemans, Heather A.; Harvey, Benjamin G.; Cambrea, Lee R.; Groshens, Thomas J.; Baldwin, Lawrence C.; Garrison, Michael D.] USN, Res Dept, Div Chem, NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Reams, Josiah T.; Guenthner, Andrew J.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Harvey, BG (reprint author), USN, Res Dept, Div Chem, NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM benjamin.g.harvey@navy.mil FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [WP-2214] FX The authors would like to thank Ms. Roxanne Quintana for MS analysis and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Project WP-2214 for financial support of this work. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 EI 1526-4602 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD MAR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 3 BP 771 EP 780 DI 10.1021/bm3018438 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 105DB UT WOS:000316044700022 PM 23323677 ER PT J AU Ali, A Madan, H Barth, MJ Boos, JB Bennett, BR Datta, S AF Ali, Ashkar Madan, Himanshu Barth, Michael J. Boos, J. Brad Bennett, Brian R. Datta, Suman TI Effect of Interface States on the Performance of Antimonide nMOSFETs SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antimonide MOSFET; high-kappa dielectric; InAsSb; interface states AB Antimonide (Sb) quantum-well MOSFETs are demonstrated with an integrated high-kappa dielectric (1-nm Al2O3/10-nm HfO2). The effect of interface trap density D-it on the dc drive current and transconductance g(m) is studied in detail using split C-V/G-V, pulsed I-V, and radio-frequency measurements. Pulsed I-V measurements show improved ON current, transconductance, and subthreshold slope due to reduced charge trapping in the dielectric at high frequencies. The long-channel Sb nMOSFET exhibits effective electron mobility of 6000 cm(2)/V . s at high field (2 x 10(12) /cm(2) of charge density N-s), which is 15x higher than Si NMOS inversion layer mobility, and one of the highest values reported for III-V MOSFETs. The short-channel Sb nMOSFET (L-G = 150 nm) exhibits a cutoff frequency f(T) of 120 GHz, an f(T) x L-G product of 18 GHz . mu m, land a source-side injection velocity v(eff) of 2.7 x 10(7) cm/s at a drain bias V-DS of 0.75 V and a gate overdrive of 0.6 V. C1 [Ali, Ashkar; Madan, Himanshu; Barth, Michael J.; Datta, Suman] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Boos, J. Brad; Bennett, Brian R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ali, A (reprint author), Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. EM AshkarAli@psualum.com RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 FU Focus Center Research Program for Materials, Structures, and Devices; Semiconductor Research Corporation; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Office of Naval Research FX Manuscript received December 4, 2012; accepted December 21, 2012. Date of publication January 14, 2013; date of current version February 20, 2013. This work was supported by the Focus Center Research Program for Materials, Structures, and Devices sponsored by the Semiconductor Research Corporation and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and the Office of Naval Research. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor G. (GE) Meneghesso. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 34 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 34 IS 3 BP 360 EP 362 DI 10.1109/LED.2012.2236881 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 100SP UT WOS:000315723000010 ER PT J AU Moon, JS Seo, HC Antcliffe, M Le, D McGuire, C Schmitz, A Nyakiti, LO Gaskill, DK Campbell, PM Lee, KM Asbeck, P AF Moon, J. S. Seo, H-C. Antcliffe, M. Le, D. McGuire, C. Schmitz, A. Nyakiti, L. O. Gaskill, D. K. Campbell, P. M. Lee, K-M. Asbeck, P. TI Graphene FETs for Zero-Bias Linear Resistive FET Mixers SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE FET; f(MAX); f(T); graphene; linearity; mixer ID RF; TECHNOLOGY AB In this letter, we present the first graphene FET operation for zero-bias resistive FET mixers, utilizing modulation of graphene channel resistance rather than ambipolar mixer operations, up to 20 GHz. The graphene FETs with a gate length of 0.25 mu m have an extrinsic cutoff frequency f(T) of 40 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency f(MAX) of 37 GHz. At 2 GHz, the graphene FETs show a conversion loss of 14 dB with gate-pumped resistive FET mixing, with at least > 10-dB improvement over reported graphene mixers. The input third-order intercept points (IIP3s) of 27 dBm are demonstrated at a local oscillator (LO) power of 2.6 dBm. The excellent linearity demonstrated by graphene FETs at low LO power offers the potential for high-quality linear mixers. C1 [Moon, J. S.; Seo, H-C.; Antcliffe, M.; Le, D.; McGuire, C.; Schmitz, A.] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. [Nyakiti, L. O.; Gaskill, D. K.; Campbell, P. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lee, K-M.; Asbeck, P.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. RP Moon, JS (reprint author), HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. EM jmoon@hrl.com FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [N66001-08-C-2048] FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and monitored by Dr. J. Albrecht at DARPA under SPAWAR Contract N66001-08-C-2048. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this letter/presentation are those of the author/presenter and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the Department of Defense. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor Z. Chen. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 45 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 34 IS 3 BP 465 EP 467 DI 10.1109/LED.2012.2236533 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 100SP UT WOS:000315723000045 ER PT J AU Yoon, W Smith, AR Foos, EE Boercker, JE Heuer, WB Tischler, JG AF Yoon, Woojun Smith, Anthony R. Foos, Edward E. Boercker, Janice E. Heuer, William B. Tischler, Joseph G. TI Electrical Measurement Under Atmospheric Conditions of PbSe Nanocrystal Thin Films Passivated by Remote Plasma Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carrier transport; nanocrystal; PbSe; remote plasma atomic layer deposition (ALD); thin-film transistor (TFT) ID MULTIPLE EXCITON GENERATION; QUANTUM-DOT SOLIDS; PHOTODETECTORS; TRANSISTORS; EMISSION AB PbSe nanocrystal thin-film transistors (TFTs) were passivated using remote plasma atomic layer deposition (ALD) of a similar to 10 nm thick Al2O3 film at 150 degrees C. By using a highly reactive remote oxygen plasma source, the time for one complete ALD cycle was about 15 s with growth rates of similar to 1.1 angstrom/cycle. The effective mobilities measured under atmospheric condition from Al2O3-passivated PbSe nanocrystal TFTs were comparable to the values reported previously for air-free PbSe nanocrystal TFTs, demonstrating that ALD Al2O3 layers prevent oxidation and degradation of nanocrystal films from air exposure. The variation in the effective mobility of passivated devices was also found to be negligible under ambient conditions over a period of 30 days. The results show that remote plasma ALD processing of Al2O3 is capable of producing an effective passivation layer on air-sensitive nanocrystals with high deposition rates at reduced temperature. C1 [Yoon, Woojun; Smith, Anthony R.; Foos, Edward E.; Boercker, Janice E.; Tischler, Joseph G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Heuer, William B.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Yoon, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM woojun.yoon@ieee.org RI Yoon, Woojun/H-9734-2013 OI Yoon, Woojun/0000-0002-1946-5372 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX Manuscript received July 13, 2012; revised October 29, 2012; accepted December 11, 2012. Date of publication December 21, 2012; date of current version March 6, 2013. The work of W. Yoon and A. R. Smith was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. The review of this paper was arranged by Associate Editor J. Li. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 38 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 12 IS 2 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2012.2234761 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 107FT UT WOS:000316201000006 ER PT J AU Maue, AC Mohawk, KL Giles, DK Poly, F Ewing, CP Jiao, YN Lee, G Ma, ZC Monteiro, MA Hill, CL Ferderber, JS Porter, CK Trent, MS Guerry, P AF Maue, Alexander C. Mohawk, Krystle L. Giles, David K. Poly, Frederic Ewing, Cheryl P. Jiao, Yuening Lee, Ginyoung Ma, Zuchao Monteiro, Mario A. Hill, Christina L. Ferderber, Jason S. Porter, Chad K. Trent, M. Stephen Guerry, Patricia TI The Polysaccharide Capsule of Campylobacter jejuni Modulates the Host Immune Response SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROTYPE TYPHI; FETUS SUBSP-JEJUNI; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; INTESTINAL-MUCOSA; PHASE VARIATION; TH17 CELLS; LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE; INFECTION; MICE AB Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial diarrheal disease worldwide. The organism is characterized by a diversity of polysaccharide structures, including a polysaccharide capsule. Most C. jejuni capsules are known to be decorated nonstoichio-metrically with methyl phosphoramidate (MeOPN). The capsule of C. jejuni 81-176 has been shown to be required for serum resistance, but here we show that an encapsulated mutant lacking the MeOPN modification, an mpnC mutant, was equally as sensitive to serum killing as the nonencapsulated mutant. A nonencapsulated mutant, a kpsM mutant, exhibited significantly reduced colonization compared to that of wild-type 81-176 in a mouse intestinal colonization model, and the mpnC mutant showed an intermediate level of colonization. Both mutants were associated with higher levels of interleukin 17 (IL-17) expression from lamina propria CD4(+) cells than from cells from animals infected with 81-176. In addition, reduced levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 activation were observed following in vitro stimulation of human reporter cell lines with the kpsM and mpnC mutants compared to those with wild-type 81-176. The data suggest that the capsule polysaccharide of C. jejuni and the MeOPN modification modulate the host immune response. C1 [Maue, Alexander C.; Mohawk, Krystle L.; Poly, Frederic; Ewing, Cheryl P.; Hill, Christina L.; Ferderber, Jason S.; Porter, Chad K.; Guerry, Patricia] USN, Enter Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Giles, David K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Chattagnooga, TN USA. [Jiao, Yuening; Lee, Ginyoung; Ma, Zuchao; Monteiro, Mario A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Chem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Trent, M. Stephen] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Mol Genet & Microbiol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Enter Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM patricia.guerry@med.navy.mil FU NIAID [R56 AI080593, AI064184, AI76322]; Navy Work Unit [6000.RAD1.DA3.A0308]; ARO [61789-MA-MUR]; NSERC FX Work at NMRC was funded by NIAID R56 AI080593 (to P.G.) and Navy Work Unit 6000.RAD1.DA3.A0308. Work at UT Austin was funded by NIAID grants AI064184 and AI76322 and ARO grant 61789-MA-MUR (to M.S.T.). Work at the University of Guelph was funded by NSERC. NR 58 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 81 IS 3 BP 665 EP 672 DI 10.1128/IAI.01008 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 108RH UT WOS:000316313200007 PM 23250948 ER PT J AU Gordon, BR Hurst, DS Fornadley, JA Hunsaker, DH AF Gordon, Bruce R. Hurst, David S. Fornadley, John A. Hunsaker, Darrell H. TI Safety of intradermal skin tests for inhalants and foods: a prospective study SO INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intradermal skin tests; skin test safety; anaphylaxis; non-IgE-mediated food allergy; food allergy; inhalant allergy; subcutaneous immunotherapy ID SYSTEMIC REACTIONS; PREDICTING RESPONSE; NASAL PROVOCATION; ADVERSE-REACTIONS; AMERICAN-ACADEMY; DOUBLE-BLIND; ALLERGY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; PRICK; AEROALLERGENS AB Background Intradermal skin testing is a useful allergy diagnostic tool. Although considered safe when properly performed, systemic reactions have been reported. This is the first large, prospective study to record and evaluate all systemic reactions from intradermal skin testing (IDT) to inhalant or food antigens. Methods A 24-month prospective study by 40 physician practices, recording all IDT tests, including reactions, symptoms, severity, time after injection, and reaction treatments. Results Eighty systemic reactions (22 major) occurred among 20,530 patients (878,583 wheals). Nine had epinephrine treatment, 4 were observed in an emergency department, and there were no hospitalizations or fatalities. The overall systemic reaction risk was 0.009%. The risk of having a major reaction was 0.003%, or 1 reaction per 933 patients. Conclusion Intradermal skin tests for inhalants or foods, when performed with appropriate precautions, have a safety profile comparable to skin prick tests. C1 [Gordon, Bruce R.] Cape Cod Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol, Hyannis, MA USA. [Gordon, Bruce R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Laryngol & Otol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gordon, Bruce R.] Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hurst, David S.] Tufts Univ, Dept Otolaryngol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Fornadley, John A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Surg, Hershey, PA USA. [Hunsaker, Darrell H.] USN, Dept Otolaryngol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Gordon, BR (reprint author), Cape Cod ENT, 65 Cedar St, Hyannis, MA 02601 USA. EM docbruce@comcast.net FU American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy Foundation FX Funding sources for the study: American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy Foundation. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2042-6976 J9 INT FORUM ALLERGY RH JI Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 3 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1002/alr.21091 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 108BE UT WOS:000316265000002 PM 23044726 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR Saavedra, JE Cao, Z Keefer, LK Chakrapani, H AF Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Saavedra, Joseph E. Cao, Zhao Keefer, Larry K. Chakrapani, Harinath TI Stereochemical Origins of Chromophore Extension in O-2-Substituted Diazeniumdiolates, Prodrugs of Nitric Oxide SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Nitric oxide; Diazeniumdiolate; Crystallography; Ultraviolet spectrophotometry ID IN-VITRO; CHEMISTRY; RELEASE; FAMILY; IONS; NO AB Ultraviolet spectral data for nitric oxide prodrugs of structure R2NN(O)=NOR' tend to fall into two classes: those in which R2N is pyrrolidinyl have lambda(max) near 255 nm when R' is a simple alkyl substituent, while those in which R2N is not pyrrolidinyl display lambda(max) around 230 nm. To test the hypothesis that this spectral difference might reflect an electronic interaction large enough to affect key bond lengths and the configuration at the R2N nitrogen, we have compared the crystal structures of two compounds in which R' was beta-d-glucopyranosyl tetraacetate and R2N was pyrrolidinyl versus diethylamino. The X-ray studies revealed a pyramidyl R2N nitrogen for the diethylamino derivative while the pyrrolidine derivative's R2N approached planarity, consistent with substantial electronic interaction between the N(O)=NOR' chromophore and pyrrolidine's (but not diethylamine's) nitrogen atom. Compensatory changes in key bond lengths were also seen. These findings indicate that overlap between the pyrrolidine nitrogen's p orbital and the N(O)=NOR' chromophore can be an important determinant of structure and electron distribution in the diazeniumdiolate series. Ultraviolet spectral data for nitric oxide prodrugs of structure R2NN(O)=NOR' tend to fall into two classes and the wavelength of the ultraviolet absorbance maximum is a convenient and rather sensitive indicator of the tetrahedral versus planar steric arrangement at the R2N3 nitrogen. C1 [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Saavedra, Joseph E.; Cao, Zhao] NCI, Basic Sci Program, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Keefer, Larry K.] NCI, Biol Chem Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Chakrapani, Harinath] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6930,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM deschamps@nrl.navy.mil RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014; Keefer, Larry/N-3247-2014; OI Keefer, Larry/0000-0001-7489-9555; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [Y1-DA1101]; Naval Research Laboratory; Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute [HHSN261200800001E] FX Crystallographic studies presented in the paper were supported in part by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) under contract Y1-DA1101 and by the Naval Research Laboratory. Support was also provided by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, and with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute under Contract HHSN261200800001E. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 43 IS 3 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s10870-013-0394-1 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 108KW UT WOS:000316292900002 ER PT J AU Xargay, E Kaminer, I Pascoal, A Hovakimyan, N Dobrokhodov, V Cichella, V Aguiar, AP Ghabcheloo, R AF Xargay, E. Kaminer, I. Pascoal, A. Hovakimyan, N. Dobrokhodov, V. Cichella, V. Aguiar, A. P. Ghabcheloo, R. TI Time-Critical Cooperative Path Following of Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles over Time-Varying Networks SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID RECEDING HORIZON CONTROL; AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; MARINE CRAFT; COORDINATION; CONSENSUS; GRAPHS; SYNCHRONIZATION; OPTIMIZATION; CONVERGENCE AB This paper addresses the problem of steering a fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles along desired three-dimensional paths while meeting stringent spatial and temporal constraints. A representative example is the challenging mission scenario where the unmanned aerial vehicles are tasked to cooperatively execute collision-free maneuvers and arrive at their final destinations at the same time. In the proposed framework, the unmanned aerial vehicles are assigned nominal spatial paths and speed profiles along those, and then the vehicles are requested to execute cooperative path following, rather than open loop trajectory tracking maneuvers. This strategy yields robust behavior against external disturbances by allowing the unmanned aerial vehicles to negotiate their speeds along the paths in response to information exchanged over the supporting communications network. The paper considers the case where the graph that captures the underlying time-varying communications topology is disconnected during some interval of time or even fails to be connected at all times. Conditions are given under which the cooperative path-following closed-loop system is stable. Flight test results of a coordinated road-search mission demonstrate the efficacy of the multi-vehicle cooperative control framework developed in the paper. C1 [Xargay, E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kaminer, I.; Dobrokhodov, V.; Cichella, V.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Pascoal, A.; Aguiar, A. P.] Inst Super Tecn, Lab Robot & Syst Engn & Sci, P-1049 Lisbon, Portugal. [Hovakimyan, N.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ghabcheloo, R.] Tampere Univ Technol, Dept Intelligent Hydraul & Automat, Tampere 33720, Finland. RP Xargay, E (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM xargay@illinois.edu; kaminer@nps.edu; antonio@isr.ist.utl.pt; nhovakim@illinois.edu; vldobr@nps.edu; venanzio.cichella@gmail.com; pedro@isr.ist.utl.pt; reza.ghabcheloo@tut.fi RI Aguiar, A. Pedro/L-4305-2014; OI Aguiar, A. Pedro/0000-0001-7105-0505; PASCOAL, ANTONIO /0000-0002-0657-6671; Ghabcheloo, Reza/0000-0002-6043-4236 FU United States Special Operations Command; Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Army Research Office; European Commission; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia FX This research is supported in part by United States Special Operations Command, Office of Naval Research, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Army Research Office, European Commission FP7 MORPH Project, and Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia. NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 499 EP 516 DI 10.2514/1.56538 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 102GF UT WOS:000315832200013 ER PT J AU Sarobol, P Chen, WH Pedigo, AE Su, P Blendell, JE Handwerker, CA AF Sarobol, Pylin Chen, Wei-Hsun Pedigo, Aaron E. Su, Peng Blendell, John E. Handwerker, Carol A. TI Effects of local grain misorientation and beta-Sn elastic anisotropy on whisker and hillock formation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TIN WHISKERS; THIN-FILMS; TEXTURE; GROWTH; CU; ELECTRODEPOSITS; DIFFRACTION; MECHANISM AB A whisker and hillock growth model based on local film microstructure, grain misorientation, and elastic strain energy density (ESED) as the driving force for growth was developed to predict preferred sites for growth. Local grain orientations and strains measured by synchrotron microdiffraction in nine regions containing whiskers or hillocks were compared with elastic finite element analysis simulations including Sn elastic anisotropy. Whisker and hillock grains were observed to have higher crystallographic misorientations with neighboring grains than generally observed in the microstructure. While elastic simulations predicted higher local out-of-plane elastic strains and ESEDs at those locations with high misorientations before growth, synchrotron measurements of out-of-plane strains of whisker and hillock grains after growth showed relaxation, with correspondingly low ESEDs calculated from measured strains. Hence, highly localized out-of-plane elastic strains and ESEDs of grains with high relative misorientations with their neighbors determined, at least in part, which grains became whiskers or hillocks. C1 [Sarobol, Pylin; Chen, Wei-Hsun; Blendell, John E.; Handwerker, Carol A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pedigo, Aaron E.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. [Su, Peng] Cisco Syst Inc, Component Qual & Technol, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. RP Sarobol, P (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM psarobol@purdue.edu OI Chen, Wei-Hsun/0000-0002-3761-1038 FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program; Cisco Systems, Inc.; Naval Surface Warfare Center (Crane Division); DOE-BES [DE-FG02-05ER15637]; NSF [EAR-0337006, 0416243]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program, Cisco Systems, Inc., and Naval Surface Warfare Center (Crane Division). The authors would like to thank Martin Kunz, Nobumichi Tamura, Kai Chen, Benjamin Anglin, and Anthony Rollett for assistance with data extraction and valuable discussions. We acknowledge support from DOE-BES (Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER15637) and NSF (Grant No. EAR-0337006) and access to ALS beamline 12.3.2. ALS is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The microdiffraction program at the ALS beamline 12.3.2 was made possible by NSF Grant No. 0416243. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 5 BP 747 EP 756 DI 10.1557/jmr.2012.430 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 107LG UT WOS:000316218000011 ER PT J AU Closmann, JJ Eliot, CA Foss, RD AF Closmann, James J. Eliot, Colin A. Foss, Robert D. TI Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumor: Report of a Case With Description of Histologic and Immunohistochemical Findings SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ANTERIOR TONGUE C1 [Closmann, James J.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. [Eliot, Colin A.] Joint Base Pearl Harbor Hickam, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Honolulu, HI USA. [Foss, Robert D.] USN, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Pathol, Sch Postgrad Dent, Rockville, MD USA. RP Closmann, JJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM armyjawbreaker@gmail.com NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 71 IS 3 BP 545 EP 549 DI 10.1016/j.joms.2012.08.003 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 107YM UT WOS:000316256900015 PM 23043966 ER PT J AU Aldridge, RL Wynn, WW Britch, SC Allan, SA Walker, TW Geden, CJ Hogsette, JA Linthicum, KJ AF Aldridge, Robert L. Wynn, W. Wayne Britch, Seth C. Allan, Sandra A. Walker, Todd W. Geden, Christopher J. Hogsette, Jerome A. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI HIGH-THROUGHPUT MOSQUITO AND FLY BIOASSAY SYSTEM FOR NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATES TREATED WITH RESIDUAL INSECTICIDES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Barrier treatment; glass culture tube; aspirator; mosquito control; Deployed War-Fighter Protection Program ID BARRIER TREATMENTS; VEGETATION; EFFICACY; ENVIRONMENT AB A high-throughput bioassay system to evaluate the efficacy of residual pesticides against mosquitoes and muscid flies with minimal insect handling was developed. The system consisted of 4 components made of readily available materials: 1) a CO2 anaesthetizing chamber, 2) a specialized aspirator, 3) a cylindrical flat-bottomed glass bioassay chamber assembly, and 4) a customized rack. C1 [Aldridge, Robert L.; Wynn, W. Wayne; Britch, Seth C.; Allan, Sandra A.; Geden, Christopher J.; Hogsette, Jerome A.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Walker, Todd W.] USN, Entomol Ctr Excellence, Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Aldridge, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service; US Department of Defense (DoD) Deployed War-Fighter Protection Program; Kansas Biotechnology Authority (KBA) FX This research was supported by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, the US Department of Defense (DoD) Deployed War-Fighter Protection Program, and the Kansas Biotechnology Authority (KBA). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA, the DoD, or the KBA. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 84 EP 87 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 109KU UT WOS:000316368200015 PM 23687864 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR AF Deschamps, Jeffrey R. TI Characterization of chitin preparations using powder and film X-ray diffraction methods SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th European Powder Diffraction Conference (EPDIC) CY OCT 28-31, 2012 CL Grenoble, FRANCE DE chitin; chitosan; polysaccharide; X-ray diffraction ID ALPHA-CHITIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEIN AB Chitin is a natural polysaccharide found in many diverse phyla and almost always occurs in association with protein. In this study the chitin polymer is characterized by X-ray diffraction from its naturally occurring unprocessed state through various steps used in the purification procedure. In addition, the effect of different treatments on the final product is examined. These studies show that native chitin has a characteristic diffraction pattern that is not altered by the mild treatments used to isolate relatively pure chitin. Chitins prepared from different sources exhibit the same characteristic diffraction pattern. In addition, chitin films prepared using non-degrading solvents retain most of the characteristic patterns. De-acylation of chitin to produce chitosan results in large changes to the diffraction pattern. To a very limited extent features present in the diffraction pattern of native chitin can be recovered by re-acylation of chitosan. (C) 2013 International Centre for Diffraction Data. [doi: 10.1017/S0885715612000978] C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM deschamps@nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research. The author thanks Dr W. Wong-Ng and Dr James Kaduk for their advice in preparation and revision of the manuscript. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 EI 1945-7413 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1017/S0885715612000978 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 107PH UT WOS:000316229900006 ER PT J AU Moshman, ND Hobson, GV Sritharan, SS AF Moshman, Nathan D. Hobson, Garth V. Sritharan, Sivaguru S. TI Method for Optimally Controlling Unsteady Shock Strength in One Dimension SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP AIAA ID CONSERVATION-LAWS; GODUNOV METHOD; FLOWS; EQUATIONS; DESIGN AB This paper presents a new formulation and computational solution of an optimal control problem concerning unsteady shock wave attenuation. The adjoint system of equations for the unsteady Euler system in one dimension is derived and used in an adjoint-based solution procedure for the optimal control. A novel algorithm is used to satisfy all necessary first-order optimality conditions while locally minimizing an appropriate cost functional. Distributed control solutions with certain physical constraints are calculated for attenuating blast waves similar to those generated by ignition overpressure from the shuttle's solid rocket booster during launch. Results are presented for attenuating shocks traveling at Mach 1.5 and 3.5 down to 85%, 80%, and 75 % of the uncontrolled wave's driving pressure. The control solutions give insight into the magnitude and location of energy dissipation necessary to decrease a given blast wave's overpressure to a set target level over a given spatial domain while using only as much control as needed. The solution procedure is sufficiently flexible such that it can be used to solve other optimal control problems constrained by partial differential equations that admit discontinuities and have fixed initial data and free final data at a free final time. C1 [Moshman, Nathan D.; Hobson, Garth V.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sritharan, Sivaguru S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Decis Risk Controls & Signals Intelligence, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Moshman, ND (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, 700 Dyer Road, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Sritharan, Sivaguru/0000-0003-2845-332X NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 BP 606 EP 614 DI 10.2514/1.J051924 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 098LQ UT WOS:000315551200006 ER PT J AU Liu, J Kailasanath, K Boris, JP Heeb, N Munday, D Gutmark, E AF Liu, J. Kailasanath, K. Boris, J. P. Heeb, N. Munday, D. Gutmark, E. TI Effect of the Initial Turbulence Level on an Underexpanded Supersonic Jet SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LAYER C1 [Liu, J.; Kailasanath, K.; Boris, J. P.] USN, Res Lab, Labs Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Heeb, N.; Munday, D.; Gutmark, E.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Labs Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM JhLiu@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; kailas@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; boris@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; heebns@mail.uc.edu; mundaydd@ucmail.uc.edu; Ephraim.Gutmark@uc.edu OI Gutmark, Ephraim/0000-0001-7816-4257 FU Office of Naval Research; Office of Naval Research through NRL 6.1 Computational Physics Task Area FX This research has been sponsored by the Office of Naval Research through the Jet Noise Reduction Project under the Noise Induced Hearing Loss Program, as well as through the NRL 6.1 Computational Physics Task Area. The authors would like to thank Rainald Lohner from George Mason University for his significant help with the code, FEFLO. Computing resources have been provided by the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program Office. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 BP 741 EP 745 DI 10.2514/1.J051949 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 098LQ UT WOS:000315551200019 ER PT J AU Catrysse, PB Imai, FH von Berg, DCL Sheridan, JT AF Catrysse, Peter B. Imai, Francisco H. von Berg, Dale C. Linne Sheridan, John T. TI Imaging systems and applications SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CALIBRATION; DEPTH; ARRAY; FOCUS AB Imaging systems have numerous applications in industrial, military, consumer, and medical settings. Assembling a complete imaging system requires the integration of optics, sensing, image processing, and display rendering. This issue features original research ranging from fundamental theories to novel imaging modalities and provides a systems perspective to imaging. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Catrysse, Peter B.] Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Imai, Francisco H.] Canon USA Inc, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. [von Berg, Dale C. Linne] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sheridan, John T.] Sch Elect Elect & Commun Engn, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Catrysse, PB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Spilker Engn & Appl Sci Bldg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pcatryss@stanford.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 7 BP ISA1 EP ISA3 DI 10.1364/AO.52.00ISA1 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 101NQ UT WOS:000315782100014 PM 23458823 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Hyer, EJ Johnson, RS Holben, BN Yokelson, RJ Zhang, JL Campbell, JR Christopher, SA Di Girolamo, L Giglio, L Holz, RE Kearney, C Miettinen, J Reid, EA Turk, FJ Wang, J Xian, P Zhao, GY Balasubramanian, R Chew, BN Janjai, S Lagrosas, N Lestari, P Lin, NH Mahmud, M Nguyen, AX Norris, B Oanh, NTK Oo, M Salinas, SV Welton, EJ Liew, SC AF Reid, Jeffrey S. Hyer, Edward J. Johnson, Randall S. Holben, Brent N. Yokelson, Robert J. Zhang, Jianglong Campbell, James R. Christopher, Sundar A. Di Girolamo, Larry Giglio, Louis Holz, Robert E. Kearney, Courtney Miettinen, Jukka Reid, Elizabeth A. Turk, F. Joseph Wang, Jun Xian, Peng Zhao, Guangyu Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar Chew, Boon Ning Janjai, Serm Lagrosas, Nofel Lestari, Puji Lin, Neng-Huei Mahmud, Mastura Nguyen, Anh X. Norris, Bethany Oanh, Nguyen T. K. Oo, Min Salinas, Santo V. Welton, E. Judd Liew, Soo Chin TI Observing and understanding the Southeast Asian aerosol system by remote sensing: An initial review and analysis for the Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) program SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Southeast Asia; Maritime Continent; Meteorology; Aerosol ID BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; INDONESIAN FOREST-FIRES; OPTICAL TRANSIENT DETECTOR; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; BANGKOK METROPOLITAN REGION; OZONE MAPPING SPECTROMETER; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; INDIVIDUAL AVHRR CHANNELS; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; PEAT SWAMP FOREST AB Southeast Asia (SEA) hosts one of the most complex aerosol systems in the world, with convoluted meteorological scales, sharp geographic and socioeconomic features, high biological productivity, mixtures of a wide range of atmospheric pollutants, and likely a significant susceptibility to global climate change. This physical complexity of SEA is coupled with one of the world's most challenging environments for both in situ and remote sensing observation. The 7-Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) program was formed to facilitate interdisciplinary research into the integrated SEA aerosol environment via grass roots style collaboration. In support of the early 7SEAS program and the affiliated Southeast Asia Composition, Cloud, Climate Coupling Regional Study (SEAC(4)RS), this review was created to outline the network of connections linking aerosol particles in SEA with meteorology, climate and the total earth system. In this review, we focus on and repeatedly link back to our primary data source: satellite aerosol remote sensing and associated observability issues. We begin with a brief rationale for the program, outlining key aerosol impacts and, comparing their magnitudes to the relative uncertainty of observations. We then discuss aspects of SEA's physical, socio-economic and biological geography relevant to meteorology and observability issues associated with clouds and precipitation. We show that not only does SEA pose significant observability challenges for aerosol particles, but for clouds and precipitation as well. With the fundamentals of the environment outlined, we explore SEA's most studied aerosol issue: biomass burning. We summarize research on bulk aerosol properties for SEA, including a short synopsis of recent AERONET observations. We describe long range transport patterns. Finally, considerable attention is paid to satellite aerosol observability issues, with a face value comparison of common aerosol products in the region including passive and active aerosol products as well as fluxes. We show that satellite data products diverge greatly due to a host of known artifacts. These artifacts have important implications for how research is conducted, and care must be taken when using satellite products to study aerosol problems. The paper ends with a discussion of how the community can approach this complex and important environment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reid, Jeffrey S.; Hyer, Edward J.; Campbell, James R.; Reid, Elizabeth A.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Johnson, Randall S.; Zhang, Jianglong] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Holben, Brent N.; Welton, E. Judd] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yokelson, Robert J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Christopher, Sundar A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Di Girolamo, Larry; Zhao, Guangyu; Norris, Bethany] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Giglio, Louis] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Holz, Robert E.; Oo, Min] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kearney, Courtney] USN, Ocean Sci Div, Res Lab, Stennis, MS USA. [Miettinen, Jukka; Chew, Boon Ning; Salinas, Santo V.; Liew, Soo Chin] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Turk, F. Joseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Wang, Jun] Univ Nebraska, Dept Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Xian, Peng] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Janjai, Serm] Silpakorn Univ, Dept Phys, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. [Lagrosas, Nofel] Ateneo Manila Univ, Manila Observ, Quezon City, Philippines. [Lestari, Puji] Bandung Inst Technol, Dept Environm Engn, Bandung, Indonesia. [Lin, Neng-Huei] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Mahmud, Mastura] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Earth Observat Ctr, Babangi Selangor, Malaysia. [Nguyen, Anh X.] Acad Sci & Technol, Inst Geophys, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Oanh, Nguyen T. K.] Asian Inst Technol, Dept Environm Engn & Management, Klongluang, Thailand. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Liew, Soo Chin/C-9187-2011; Eclevia, Marian/I-6486-2013; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar/C-2243-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008; Chew, Boon Ning/M-2405-2016; Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Liew, Soo Chin/0000-0001-8342-4682; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar/0000-0002-5627-3628; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490; Chew, Boon Ning/0000-0002-2933-7788; Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; LAGROSAS, NOFEL/0000-0002-8672-4717 FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Program; NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program; Office of Naval Research [32]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; program for application-oriented fundamental research projects (Ministry of Science and Technology) FX This paper was compiled with the efforts of many individuals on the 7 Southeast Asian Studies team across Southeast Asia and the United States. Funding for the construction of this review was predominantly through the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. We are grateful to the AERONET program and its members for the use of Southeast Asian regional data. Randall Johnson and Jianglong Zhang were supported by the Office of Naval Research Code 32. James Campbell was supported by the Office of Naval Research Code 32. F. Joseph Turk's contribution was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Larry Di Girolamo was partially supported under contract with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Vietnam funding provided by the program for application-oriented fundamental research projects (Ministry of Science and Technology). We would like to thank Ralph Kahn and Andrew Sayer (NASA GSFC) for helpful comments. We are very grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for taking the time to perform a thorough review of this long manuscript and making many helpful suggestions. Finally, we remember our friend and colleague, Dr. Greg Leptoukh who recently passed away. He was instrumental in creating innovative ways to visualize and analyze satellite aerosol products. He will be greatly missed. NR 498 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 7 U2 123 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 122 BP 403 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.005 PG 66 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098LT UT WOS:000315551500032 ER PT J AU Xian, P Reid, JS Atwood, SA Johnson, RS Hyer, EJ Westphal, DL Sessions, W AF Xian, Peng Reid, Jeffrey S. Atwood, Samuel A. Johnson, Randall S. Hyer, Edward J. Westphal, Douglas L. Sessions, Walter TI Smoke aerosol transport patterns over the Maritime Continent SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Smoke; Smoke transport; Aerosol transport; Maritime Continent; El Nino; MJO ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INSULAR SOUTHEAST-ASIA; EL-NINO; INDIAN-OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; INDONESIAN RAINFALL AB Smoke transport patterns over the Maritime Continent (MC) are studied through a combination of approaches, including a) analyzing AODs obtained from satellite products; b) aerosol transport modeling with ADD assimilation along with the atmospheric flow patterns; c) analyzing smoke wet deposition distributions; and d) examining forward trajectories for smoke events defined in this study. It is shown that smoke transport pathways are closely related to the low-level atmospheric flow, i.e., during June-Sept, smoke originating from the MC islands with a dominant source over central and southern Sumatra, and southern and western Borneo, is generally transported northwestward south of the equator and northeastward north of the equator with the cross-equatorial flow, to the South China Sea (SCS), the Philippines and even further to the western Pacific. During the October-November transitional period, smoke transport paths are more zonally oriented compared to June-September. Smoke originating from Java, Bali, Timor etc, and southern New Guinea, which are in the domain of easterlies and southeasterlies during the boreal summer (June-November), is generally transported westward. It is also found that smoke transport over the MC exhibits multi-scale variability. Smoke typically lives longer and can be transported farther in El Nino years and later MJO phases compared with non El Nino years and earlier MJO phases. During El Nino periods there is much stronger westward transport to the east tropical Indian Ocean. Finally, orographic effect on smoke transport over the MC is also clearly discernable. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xian, Peng] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Reid, Jeffrey S.; Atwood, Samuel A.; Hyer, Edward J.; Westphal, Douglas L.; Sessions, Walter] USN, Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Atwood, Samuel A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnson, Randall S.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Xian, P (reprint author), USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM peng.lynch@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Sessions, Walter/O-8096-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Sessions, Walter/0000-0002-5376-4894 FU NRL Base Program; NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program FX Funding for this project was provided by the NRL Base Program and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. Mr. Atwoods' participation was as part of the NRL NREIP summer internship program. We thank Dr. Joseph Turk for his guide on using CMORPH precipitation data and Prof. Jianglong Zhang for his help with the satellite images. NR 89 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 122 BP 469 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.006 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098LT UT WOS:000315551500033 ER PT J AU Wang, J Ge, C Yang, ZF Hyer, EJ Reid, JS Chew, BN Mahmud, M Zhang, YX Zhang, MG AF Wang, Jun Ge, Cui Yang, Zhifeng Hyer, Edward J. Reid, Jeffrey S. Chew, Boon-Ning Mahmud, Mastura Zhang, Yongxin Zhang, Meigen TI Mesoscale modeling of smoke transport over the Southeast Asian Maritime Continent: Interplay of sea breeze, trade wind, typhoon, and topography SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Southeast Asian Maritime Continent; Smoke particles; Sea breeze; Trade wind; Typhoon ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; PLUME-RISE; WRF-CHEM; FIRE; EMISSIONS; MODIS; AFRICA; INDONESIA; CHEMISTRY; ENSEMBLE AB The online-coupled Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRFchem) is used to simulate the transport of smoke particles over the Southeast Asian Maritime Continent during September-October 2006. In this period, dry conditions associated with the moderate El Nino event caused the largest regional biomass burning outbreak since 1997. Smoke emission in WRFchem is specified according to the Fire Locating and Modeling of Burning Emissions (FLAMBE) database derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire products. The modeled smoke transport pathway is found to be consistent with the MODIS true color images and measured mass concentration of surface PM10 (particulate matter with diameter less than 10 mu m). The interplay of sea/land breezes, typhoons and storms over the subtropical western Pacific Ocean, trade winds, and topographic effects, can be clearly seen in the model simulation. The most severe smoke events in 1-5 October 2006 are found to be associated with the meteorological responses to the typhoon Xangsane (#18) over the western subtropical Pacific Ocean, which moved smoke from Sumatra eastward in the lower troposphere (below 700 hPa), forming smoke layers mixed with and above the boundary layer clouds over Borneo. In contrast, the second largest week-long smoke transport event of 15-18 October 2006 was associated with the seasonal monsoonal transition period, during which smoke plumes were wide spread over the 5 degrees S-5 degrees N zone as a result of (a) the near surface divergence coupled with the 700 hPa bifurcation of wind (flowing both to the west and to the east), and (b) the near-surface southeasterly and easterly winds along the equator transporting smoke from Borneo to Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Analysis of data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarisation (CALIOP) shows that smoke particles in October 2006 were primarily located within 3.5 km above the surface. Smoke particles contributed roughly half of the total aerosol extinction retrieved by CALIOP. Results suggest that the smoke injection height in the model should be set lower than the 2-5 km commonly used in transport simulations; smoke release at similar to 0.8 km instead of 2 km above surface gives a consistently better match to CALIOP observations. Numerical experiments further show that the Titiwangsa Mountains in Malaysia Peninsula and Tama Abu Mountains in Borneo have significant impacts on smoke transport and the surface air quality in the vicinity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wang, Jun; Ge, Cui; Yang, Zhifeng] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Hyer, Edward J.; Reid, Jeffrey S.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Chew, Boon-Ning] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Mahmud, Mastura] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Earth Observat Ctr, Bangi, Malaysia. [Zhang, Yongxin] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ge, Cui; Zhang, Meigen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Wang, J (reprint author), 303 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jwang7@unl.edu RI Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008; Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Yang, Zhifeng/I-8253-2015; Ge, Cui/I-6353-2016; Chew, Boon Ning/M-2405-2016 OI Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490; Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Ge, Cui/0000-0002-6182-6856; Chew, Boon Ning/0000-0002-2933-7788 FU NASA New Investigator Program [NNX08AQ86G]; NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program [NNX10AG60G]; NASA Applied Science Program [NNX11AJ03G]; NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program; NRL 6.1 base program FX This research is supported by NASA New Investigator Program (NNX08AQ86G) to J. Wang, NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program (NNX10AG60G), NASA Applied Science Program (NNX11AJ03G), and NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. Drs. Hyer's and Reid's contributions were supported by the NRL 6.1 base program. NR 61 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 122 BP 486 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.009 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098LT UT WOS:000315551500034 ER PT J AU Hyer, EJ Reid, JS Prins, EM Hoffman, JP Schmidt, CC Miettinen, JI Giglio, L AF Hyer, Edward J. Reid, Jeffrey S. Prins, Elaine M. Hoffman, Jay P. Schmidt, Christopher C. Miettinen, Jukka I. Giglio, Louis TI Patterns of fire activity over Indonesia and Malaysia from polar and geostationary satellite observations SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Biomass burning; Remote sensing; Fire; Smoke ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; INSULAR SOUTHEAST-ASIA; RADIATIVE POWER; DIURNAL FIRE; MODIS; RESOLUTION; AMERICA; VALIDATION; PRODUCT; AVHRR AB Biomass burning patterns over the Maritime Continent of Southeast Asia are examined using a new active fire detection product based on application of the Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WF_ABBA) to data from the imagers on the MTSAT geostationary satellites operated by the Japanese space agency JAXA. Data from MTSAT-1R and MTSAT-2 covering 34 months from September 2008 to July 2011 are examined for a study region consisting of Indonesia, Malaysia, and nearby environs. The spatial and temporal distributions of fires detected in the MTSAT WF_ABBA product are described and compared with active fire observations from MODIS MOD14 data. Land cover distributions for the two instruments are examined using a new 250 m land cover product from the National University of Singapore. The two products show broadly similar patterns of fire activity, land cover distribution of fires, and pixel fire radiative power (FRP). However, the MTSAT WF_ABBA data differ from MOD14 in important ways. Relative to MODIS, the MTSAT WF_ABBA product has lower overall detection efficiency, but more fires detected due to more frequent looks, a greater relative fraction of fires in forest and a lower relative fraction of fires in open areas, and significantly higher single-pixel retrieved FRP. The differences in land cover distribution and FRP between the MTSAT and MODIS products are shown to be qualitatively consistent with expectations based on pixel size and diurnal sampling. The MTSAT WF_ABBA data are used to calculate coverage-corrected diurnal cycles of fire for different regions within the study area. These diurnal cycles are preliminary but demonstrate that the fraction of diurnal fire activity sampled by the two MODIS sensors varies significantly by region and vegetation type. Based on the results from comparison of the two fire products, a series of steps is outlined to account for some of the systematic biases in each of these satellite products in order to produce a successful merged fire detection product. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hyer, Edward J.; Reid, Jeffrey S.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Prins, Elaine M.; Hoffman, Jay P.; Schmidt, Christopher C.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies Consulta, Madison, WI USA. [Miettinen, Jukka I.] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Giglio, Louis] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hyer, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM edward.hyer@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011 OI HOFFMAN, JAY/0000-0002-1127-6294; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026 FU NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program FX This work was supported by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 122 BP 504 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.011 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098LT UT WOS:000315551500035 ER PT J AU Campbell, JR Reid, JS Westphal, DL Zhang, JL Tackett, JL Chew, BN Welton, EJ Shimizu, A Sugimoto, N Aoki, K Winker, DM AF Campbell, James R. Reid, Jeffrey S. Westphal, Douglas L. Zhang, Jianglong Tackett, Jason L. Chew, Boon Ning Welton, Ellsworth J. Shimizu, Atsushi Sugimoto, Nobuo Aoki, Kazuma Winker, David M. TI Characterizing the vertical profile of aerosol particle extinction and linear depolarization over Southeast Asia and the Maritime Continent: The 2007-2009 view from CALIOP SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CALIPSO; Lidar; Southeast Asia; Maritime Continent; Aerosol particle scattering; Aerosol composition ID OPTICAL DEPTH; DATA-ASSIMILATION; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; RADIATIVE IMPACTS; SUMMER MONSOON; MODIS; CALIPSO; CLOUD; SATELLITE AB Vertical profiles of 0.532 mu m aerosol particle extinction coefficient and linear volume depolarization ratio are described for Southeast Asia and the Maritime Continent Quality-screened and cloud-cleared Version 3.01 Level 2 NASA Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) 5-km Aerosol Profile datasets are analyzed from 2007 to 2009. Numerical simulations from the U.S. Naval Aerosol Analysis and Predictive System (NAAPS), featuring two-dimensional variational assimilation of NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Multi-angle Imaging Spectra-Radiometer quality-assured datasets, combined with regional ground-based lidar measurements, are considered for assessing CALIOP retrieval performance, identifying bias, and evaluating regional representativeness. CALIOP retrievals of aerosol particle extinction coefficient and aerosol optical depth (AOD) are high over land and low over open waters relative to NAAPS (0.412/0.312 over land for all data points inclusive, 0.310/0.235 when the per bin average is used and each is treated as single data points; 0.102/0.151 and 0.086/0.124, respectively, over ocean). Regional means, however, are very similar (0.180/0.193 for all data points and 0.155/0.159 when averaged per normalized bin), as the two factors offset one another. The land/ocean offset is investigated, and discrepancies attributed to interpretation of particle composition and a-priori assignment of the extinction-to-backscatter ratio ("lidar ratio") necessary for retrieving the extinction coefficient from CALIOP signals. Over land, NAAPS indicates more dust present than CALIOP algorithms are identifying, indicating a likely assignment of a higher lidar ratio representative of more absorptive particles. NAAPS resolves more smoke over water than identified with CALIOP, indicating likely usage of a lidar ratio characteristic of less absorptive particles to be applied that biases low AOD there. Over open waters except within the Bay of Bengal, aerosol particle scattering is largely capped below 1.5 km MSL, though ground-based lidar measurements at Singapore differ slightly from this finding. Significant aerosol particle presence over land is similarly capped near 3.0 km MSL over most regions. Particle presence at low levels regionally, except over India, is dominated by relatively non-depolarizing particles. Industrial haze, sea salt droplets and fresh smoke are thus most likely present Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Campbell, James R.; Reid, Jeffrey S.; Westphal, Douglas L.] USN, Aerosol & Radiat Sci Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Zhang, Jianglong] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Folks, ND USA. [Tackett, Jason L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Chew, Boon Ning] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Welton, Ellsworth J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Shimizu, Atsushi; Sugimoto, Nobuo] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Aoki, Kazuma] Toyama Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Toyama 930, Japan. [Winker, David M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Campbell, JR (reprint author), USN, Aerosol & Radiat Sci Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM james.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Shimizu, Atsushi/C-2810-2009; Sugimoto, Nobuo/C-5189-2015; Chew, Boon Ning/M-2405-2016 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Shimizu, Atsushi/0000-0002-7306-7412; Sugimoto, Nobuo/0000-0002-0545-1316; Chew, Boon Ning/0000-0002-2933-7788 FU Office of Naval Research [35]; NASA Interagency Agreement on behalf of the Micropulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) [NNG11HG12I] FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Code 35. Author JRC acknowledges the support of NASA Interagency Agreement NNG11HG12I on behalf of the Micropulse Lidar Network (MPLNET). MPLNET is operated with the support of the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. The authors thank Mark A. Vaughan at NASA Langley Research Center with his help interpreting the CALIOP Level 2.0 Aerosol Profile datasets. The group acknowledges the NASA AERONET program, their contributing principal investigators and staff for coordinating the coastal and inland sites used in this investigation. NR 94 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 122 BP 520 EP 543 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.007 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098LT UT WOS:000315551500036 ER PT J AU Salinas, SV Chew, BN Miettinen, J Campbell, JR Welton, EJ Reid, JS Yu, LYE Liew, SC AF Salinas, Santo V. Chew, Boon Ning Miettinen, Jukka Campbell, James R. Welton, Ellsworth J. Reid, Jeffrey S. Yu, Liya E. Liew, Soo Chin TI Physical and optical characteristics of the October 2010 haze event over Singapore: A photometric and lidar analysis SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aerosols; Haze; Air quality; AERONET; MPLNET; South East Asia ID BIOMASS BURNING AEROSOLS; DIRECT SUN DATA; EL-NINO; FOREST-FIRES; AIR-QUALITY; INDONESIA; DEPTH; SMOKE; AERONET; IMPACT AB Trans-boundary biomass burning smoke episodes have increased dramatically during the past 20-30 years and have become an annual phenomenon in the South-East-Asia region. On 15th October 2010, elevated levels of fire activity were detected by remote sensing satellites (e.g. MODIS). On the same date, measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at Singapore and Malaysia found high levels of fine mode particles in the local environment. All these observations were indicative of the initial onset of a smoke episode that lasted for several days. In this work, we investigate the temporal evolution of this smoke episode by analyzing the physical and optical properties of smoke particles with the aid of an AERONET Sun photometer, an MPLNet micropulse lidar, and surface PM2.5 measurements. Elevated levels of fire activity coupled with high aerosol optical depth and PM2.5 were observed over a period of nine days. Increased variability of parameters such as aerosol optical depth, Angstrom exponent number and its fine mode equivalents all indicated high levels of fine particulate presence in the atmosphere. Smoke particle growth due to aging, coagulation and condensation mechanisms was detected during the afternoons and over several days. Retrieved lidar ratios were compatible with the presence of fine particulate within the boundary/aerosol layer. Moreover, retrieved particle size distribution as well as single scattering albedo indicated the prevalence of the fine mode particulate regime as well as particles showing enhanced levels of absorption respectively. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Salinas, Santo V.; Chew, Boon Ning; Miettinen, Jukka; Liew, Soo Chin] Natl Univ Singapore, CRISP, Singapore 119076, Singapore. [Campbell, James R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sigma Space Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Welton, Ellsworth J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Micropulse Lidar Network, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reid, Jeffrey S.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Yu, Liya E.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore 119076, Singapore. RP Salinas, SV (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, CRISP, Block S17,Level 2,10 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119076, Singapore. EM crsscsv@nus.edu.sg RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Yu, Liya/H-2573-2013; Liew, Soo Chin/C-9187-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015; Chew, Boon Ning/M-2405-2016 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Yu, Liya/0000-0001-9182-6593; Liew, Soo Chin/0000-0001-8342-4682; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Chew, Boon Ning/0000-0002-2933-7788 FU Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR) of Singapore FX The authors would like to thank AERONET and MPLNET for processing and archiving the Sun photometer and lidar data. CRISP would like to thank the Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR) of Singapore for Financial support. NR 60 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 122 BP 555 EP 570 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.021 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098LT UT WOS:000315551500038 ER PT J AU Betha, R Pradani, M Lestari, P Joshi, UM Reid, JS Balasubramanian, R AF Betha, Raghu Pradani, Maharani Lestari, Puji Joshi, Umid Man Reid, Jeffrey S. Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar TI Chemical speciation of trace metals emitted from Indonesian peat fires for health risk assessment SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Peat fires; Health risk; Chemical speciation; Trace metals ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; FOREST-FIRES; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DAILY MORTALITY; LUNG INJURY; EL-NINO; BIOMASS; AEROSOLS AB Regional smoke-induced haze in Southeast Asia, caused by uncontrolled forest and peat fires in Indonesia, is of major environmental and health concern. In this study, we estimated carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk due to exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) as emitted from peat fires at Kalimantan, Indonesia. For the health risk analysis, chemical speciation (exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable, and residual fractions) of 12 trace metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn) in PM2.5 was studied. Results indicate that Al, Fe and Ti together accounted for a major fraction of total metal concentrations (similar to 83%) in PM2.5 emissions in the immediate vicinity of peat fires. Chemical speciation reveals that a major proportion of most of the metals, with the exception of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni and Cd, was present in the residual fraction. The exchangeable fraction of metals, which represents their bioavailability, could play a major role in inducing human health effects of PM2.5. This fraction contained carcinogenic metals such as Cd (39.2 ng m(-3)) and Ni (249.3 ng m(-3)) that exceeded their WHO guideline values by several factors. Health risk estimates suggest that exposure to PM2.5 emissions in the vicinity of peat fires poses serious health threats. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Betha, Raghu; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Fac Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Pradani, Maharani; Lestari, Puji] Inst Technol Bandung, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, Dept Environm Engn, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. [Joshi, Umid Man; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar] Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore Delft Water Alliance, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Reid, Jeffrey S.] USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Balasubramanian, R (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Fac Engn, 1 Engn Dr 2,E1A-07-03, Singapore 117576, Singapore. EM ceerbala@nus.edu.sg RI Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar/C-2243-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Betha, Raghu/H-3888-2014 OI Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar/0000-0002-5627-3628; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; FU National University of Singapore FX This field study was conducted in Indonesia as part of the 7 SEAS program. We are thankful to the National University of Singapore for providing the financial support to carry out the PM2.5 characterization study. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 122 BP 571 EP 578 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.024 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098LT UT WOS:000315551500039 ER PT J AU Turk, FJ Xian, P AF Turk, F. Joseph Xian, Peng TI An assessment of satellite-based high resolution precipitation datasets for atmospheric composition studies in the maritime continent SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Aerosol; TRMM; GPM; MODIS ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE; RAINFALL; SMOKE; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS; REGIONS; ASIA AB The Maritime Continent (MC) region of Southeast Asia is known for land use practices that are modulated by precipitation occurrence and fire activity. The polluted environment may modify cloud/precipitation formation mechanisms, but meteorological or weather patterns may disrupt or otherwise influence these same processes. Since the simultaneous retrieval of precipitation and aerosol properties is not possible from current satellite observations, the choice of the precipitation dataset used for applications such as model assimilation and scavenging in aerosol transport models could provide very different results. In this article, a seven-year (2003-2009) time period was analyzed with five satellite-based high-resolution precipitation products (HRPP), the MERRA model reanalysis, and MODIS-derived aerosol observations within nine Southeast Asia domains. Substantially different trends between the aerosol concentration and precipitation time series were noted for different MC island regions, as well as HRPP differences in the precipitation diurnal variability and their capability to track precipitation extremes. For all regions, the most noticeable change to the diurnal cycle was noted during the genesis phase (Phase 1 in the MC) of the intraseasonal Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO). Since these studies do not take any aerosol transport or precipitation dynamics into account, the use of Lagrangian models is proposed to study non-localized aerosol/precipitation interactions and better establish their veracity in current model simulations. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Turk, F. Joseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Xian, Peng] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Turk, FJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jturk@jpl.nasa.gov FU NASA; Naval Research Laboratory Base Program; JST-CREST FX The authors acknowledge support from NASA's Interdisciplinary Science (IDS) program through Dr. Hal Maring. The first author's work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The second author acknowledges partial support from the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. The GSMaP Project was sponsored by JST-CREST and is promoted by the JAXA Precipitation Measuring Mission (PMM) Science Team, and the GSMaP products were distributed by the Earth Observation Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. The authors are grateful for the comments provided by the two independent reviewers. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 122 BP 579 EP 598 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.02.017 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098LT UT WOS:000315551500040 ER PT J AU Satter, EK AF Satter, Elizabeth K. TI DERMATOPATHOLOGY DIAGNOSIS The best diagnosis is: Kaposi Sarcoma SO CUTIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Satter, Elizabeth K.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Satter, Elizabeth K.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Satter, EK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 300, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM elizabeth.satter@med.navy.mil NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD MAR PY 2013 VL 91 IS 3 BP 120 EP + PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 105AQ UT WOS:000316038400002 PM 23617079 ER PT J AU Xu, P Ackerman, ML Barber, SD Schoelz, JK Qi, DJ Thibado, PM Wheeler, VD Nyakiti, LO Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK AF Xu, Peng Ackerman, Matthew L. Barber, Steven D. Schoelz, James K. Qi, Dejun Thibado, Paul M. Wheeler, Virginia D. Nyakiti, Luke O. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Gaskill, D. Kurt TI Graphene Manipulation on 4H-SiC(0001) Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; SURFACE AB Atomic-scale topography of epitaxial multilayer graphene grown on 4H-SiC(0001) was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Bunched nano-ridges ten times smaller than previously recorded were observed throughout the surface, the morphology of which was systematically altered using a relatively new technique called electrostatic-manipulation scanning tunneling microscopy. Transformed graphene formations sometimes spontaneously returned to their original morphology, while others permanently changed. Using an electrostatic model, we calculate that a force up to similar to 5 nN was exerted by the STM tip, and an energy of around 10 eV was required to alter the geometry of a similar to 100 x 200 nm(2) area. (c) 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Xu, Peng; Ackerman, Matthew L.; Barber, Steven D.; Schoelz, James K.; Qi, Dejun; Thibado, Paul M.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Wheeler, Virginia D.; Nyakiti, Luke O.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Xu, P (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RI Barber, Steven/C-2467-2012; Xu, Peng/I-9125-2014 OI Barber, Steven/0000-0002-3191-9453; FU ONR [N00014-10-1-0181]; NSF [DMR-0855358]; Office of Naval Research; ASEE FX P.X. and P.T. gratefully acknowledge the financial support of ONR under grant N00014-10-1-0181 and NSF under grant DMR-0855358. Work at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory is supported by the Office of Naval Research. LON gratefully acknowledges postdoctoral fellowship support through the ASEE. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 48 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 3 AR 035104 DI 10.7567/JJAP.52.035104 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 100BE UT WOS:000315668900029 ER PT J AU Henderson, GR Leathers, DJ Hanson, B AF Henderson, Gina R. Leathers, Daniel J. Hanson, Brian TI Circulation Response to Eurasian versus North American Anomalous Snow Scenarios in the Northern Hemisphere with an AGCM Coupled to a Slab Ocean Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; WINTER CLIMATE; LARGE-ENSEMBLE; COVER; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; PREDICTABILITY; PERTURBATIONS; NAO AB The difference between snow-covered and snow-free conditions is the most climatically significant natural seasonal change the land surface can experience. Most GCM studies investigating snow-atmosphere interactions have focused on impacts of Eurasian snow anomalies caused by the magnitude of snow mass, while North American snow has been shown to have a weaker relationship with downstream climate. Experiment design of recent snow-atmosphere interactions studies has been limited to atmosphere-only models, with sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice extent represented as boundary conditions. The authors explore the circulation response to anomalous snow scenarios, for both North America and Eurasia, using a slab ocean model. Surface response include significant SST cooling directly downstream of each individual forcing region in addition to upstream centers of remote cooling under maximum snow conditions. Atmospheric response to anomalous snow conditions is consistent through multiple levels in the lower troposphere under maximum snow conditions throughout much of the midlatitudes in both experiments during early winter. Areas of strengthened midtropospheric eddy kinetic energy correlate well with steep geopotential height gradient differences and increased zonal wind at 250 hPa over the western Pacific. Both experiments show similar atmospheric response pathways; however, circulation response to maximum Eurasian snow is focused downstream in early winter, whereas upstream response is particularly evident from the North American experiment. This paper focuses on differences as a result of Eurasian versus North American snow forcing in atmospheric circulation response using an AGCM with a slab ocean model. C1 [Henderson, Gina R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Leathers, Daniel J.; Hanson, Brian] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. RP Henderson, GR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ghenders@usna.edu FU Georgia State's IBM system p5 supercomputer through a partnership of the Southeastern Universities Research Association; IBM; Georgia Research Alliance FX The authors thank Dr. Hengchun Ye for her assistance with the regridding of the observed Eurasian snow depth data. The computing aspect of this project was supported by Georgia State's IBM system p5 supercomputer, acquired through a partnership of the Southeastern Universities Research Association and IBM supporting the SURAgrid initiative, with additional support from the Georgia Research Alliance. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1502 EP 1515 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00465.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098TK UT WOS:000315571800003 ER PT J AU Terwey, W Abarca, SF Montgomery, MT AF Terwey, Wesley Abarca, Sergio F. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Comments on "Convectively Generated Potential Vorticity in Rainbands and Formation of the Secondary Eyewall in Hurricane Rita of 2005" SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; SIMULATED TROPICAL CYCLONE; CONCENTRIC EYEWALLS; INTENSITY CHANGES; SPIRAL BANDS; PART I; EVOLUTION; TYPHOONS; FLOW AB In a previous paper Judt and Chen propose that secondary eyewall formation can be the result of the accumulation of convectively generated potential vorticity in the rainbands. They argue that secondary potential vorticity maxima precede the development of the secondary wind maximum and conclude that vortex Rossby waves do not contribute to the formation of the secondary eyewall. Amidst examination of their thought-provoking study, some questions arose regarding their methodology, interpretation, and portrayal of previous literature. Here the authors inquire about aspects of the methodology for diagnosing vortex Rossby waves and assessing their impact on their simulation. Inaccuracies in the literature review are noted and further analysis of existing, three-dimensional, full-physics, numerical hurricane integrations that exhibit canonical secondary eyewalls are encouraged. C1 [Terwey, Wesley] Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Abarca, Sergio F.; Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, AOML Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Terwey, W (reprint author), 307 Univ Blvd N,LSCB 136, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM terwey@usouthal.edu NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 984 EP 988 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-030.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 101YW UT WOS:000315811300016 ER PT J AU Javaux, C Mahler, B Dubertret, B Shabaev, A Rodina, AV Efros, AL Yakovlev, DR Liu, F Bayer, M Camps, G Biadala, L Buil, S Quelin, X Hermier, JP AF Javaux, C. Mahler, B. Dubertret, B. Shabaev, A. Rodina, A. V. Efros, Al. L. Yakovlev, D. R. Liu, F. Bayer, M. Camps, G. Biadala, L. Buil, S. Quelin, X. Hermier, J-P. TI Thermal activation of non-radiative Auger recombination in charged colloidal nanocrystals SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; BLINKING; INTERMITTENCY; EXCITON; SPECTROSCOPY; NANORODS AB Applications of semiconductor nanocrystals such as biomarkers and light-emitting optoelectronic devices require that their fluorescence quantum yield be close to 100%. However, such quantum yields have not been obtained yet, in part, because non-radiative Auger recombination in charged nanocrystals could not be suppressed completely. Here, we synthesize colloidal core/thick-shell CdSe/CdS nanocrystals with 100% quantum yield and completely quenched Auger processes at low temperatures, although the nanocrystals are negatively photocharged. Single particle and ensemble spectroscopy in the temperature range 30-300 K shows that the non-radiative Auger recombination is thermally activated around 200 K. Experimental results are well described by a model suggesting a temperature-dependent delocalization of one of the trion electrons from the CdSe core and enhanced Auger recombination at the abrupt CdS outer surface. These results point to a route for the design of core/shell structures with 100% quantum yield at room temperature. C1 [Javaux, C.; Mahler, B.; Dubertret, B.] ESPCI, CNRS, Lab Phys & Etud Mat, F-75231 Paris, France. [Shabaev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rodina, A. V.; Yakovlev, D. R.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Efros, Al. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yakovlev, D. R.; Liu, F.; Bayer, M.] TU Dortmund Univ, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. [Camps, G.; Biadala, L.; Buil, S.; Quelin, X.; Hermier, J-P.] Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvelines, CNRS, UMR8635, Grp Etud Mat Condensee, F-78035 Versailles, France. RP Dubertret, B (reprint author), ESPCI, CNRS, Lab Phys & Etud Mat, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris, France. EM benoit.dubertret@espci.fr; sasha.efros@nrl.navy.mil; hermier@physique.uvsq.fr RI Mahler, Benoit/O-8592-2016; OI Mahler, Benoit/0000-0001-5471-5608; Biadala, Louis/0000-0002-1953-9095 FU Office of Naval Research and Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation; Center for Advanced 212 Solar Photophysics (CASP); Energy Frontier Research Center; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Region Ile-de-France; ESPCI; Institut Universitaire de France; EU [237252] FX AI.L.E. acknowledges financial support from the Office of Naval Research and Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation. A.S. acknowledges support from the Center for Advanced 212 Solar Photophysics (CASP), an Energy Frontier Research Center founded by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (OBES), Office of Science (OS), US Department of Energy (US DOE). C.J., B.D. and J-P.H. acknowledge support from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, and the Region Ile-de-France. B.D. acknowledges support from the ESPCI and J-P.H acknowledges support from the Institut Universitaire de France. F.L. and D.R.Y. acknowledge support from the EU Seventh Framework Programme (grant no. 237252, Spin-optronics). The authors thank T. Pons, N. Lequeux, E. Cassette, M. Tessier, I. Maksimovic, N. Bergeal and R. Lobo for stimulating discussions and advice. The authors are also grateful to Xiangzhen Xu for expert help with TEM measurements. NR 40 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 8 U2 153 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 BP 206 EP 212 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2012.260 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 106OR UT WOS:000316154900018 PM 23396313 ER PT J AU Farjo, AA Sugar, A Schallhorn, SC Majmudar, PA Tanzer, DJ Trattler, WB Cason, JB Donaldson, KE Kymionis, GD AF Farjo, Ayad A. Sugar, Alan Schallhorn, Steven C. Majmudar, Parag A. Tanzer, David J. Trattler, William B. Cason, John B. Donaldson, Kendall E. Kymionis, George D. TI Femtosecond Lasers for LASIK Flap Creation A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU KERATOMILEUSIS; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; TRANSIENT LIGHT-SENSITIVITY; DIFFUSE LAMELLAR KERATITIS; SUB-BOWMANS KERATOMILEUSIS; CORNEAL ABERRATION CHANGES; MORIA M2 MICROKERATOME; 80 EXCIMER-LASER; HUMAN DONOR EYES; MECHANICAL-MICROKERATOME AB Objective: To review the published literature to assess the safety, efficacy, and predictability of femtosecond lasers for the creation of corneal flaps for LASIK; to assess the reported outcomes of LASIK when femtosecond lasers are used to create corneal flaps; and to compare the differences in outcomes between femtosecond lasers and mechanical microkeratomes. Methods: Literature searches of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were last conducted on October 12, 2011, without language or date limitations. The searches retrieved a total of 636 references. Of these, panel members selected 58 articles that they considered to be of high or medium clinical relevance, and the panel methodologist rated each article according to the strength of evidence. Four studies were rated as level I evidence, 14 studies were rated as level II evidence, and the remaining studies were rated as level III evidence. Results: The majority of published studies evaluated a single laser platform. Flap reproducibility varied by device and the generation of the device. Standard deviations in flap thicknesses ranged from 4 to 18.4 mu m. Visual acuities and complications reported with LASIK flaps created using femtosecond lasers are within Food and Drug Administration safety and efficacy limits. Of all complications, diffuse lamellar keratitis is the most common after surgery but is generally mild and self-limited. Corneal sensation was reported to normalize by 1 year after surgery. Unique complications of femtosecond lasers included transient light-sensitivity syndrome, rainbow glare, opaque bubble layer, epithelial breakthrough of gas bubbles, and gas bubbles within the anterior chamber. Conclusions: Available evidence (levels I and II) indicates that femtosecond lasers are efficacious devices for creating LASIK flaps, with accompanying good visual results. Overall, femtosecond lasers were found to be as good as or better than mechanical microkeratomes for creating LASIK flaps. There are unique complications that can occur with femtosecond lasers, and long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate the technology fully. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references. Ophthalmology 2013;120: e5-e20 (C) 2013 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 [Farjo, Ayad A.] Brighton Vis Ctr, Brighton, MI USA. [Sugar, Alan] Univ Michigan, WK Kellogg Eye Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Schallhorn, Steven C.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Schallhorn, Steven C.; Tanzer, David J.] Gordon Weiss Schanzlin Vis Inst, San Diego, CA USA. [Majmudar, Parag A.] Chicago Cornea Consultants Ltd, Chicago, IL USA. [Trattler, William B.] Ctr Excellence Eye Care, Miami, FL USA. [Cason, John B.] USN, Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Clin, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Donaldson, Kendall E.] Bascom Palmer Eye Inst Plantat, Plantation, FL USA. [Kymionis, George D.] Univ Crete, Fac Med, IVO, Iraklion, Crete, Greece. RP Farjo, AA (reprint author), Care of Collins N, Amer Acad Ophthalmol, POB 7424, San Francisco, CA 94120 USA. EM ncollins@aao.org FU American Academy of Ophthalmology FX Funded without commercial support by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. NR 81 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD MAR PY 2013 VL 120 IS 3 BP E5 EP E20 DI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.08.013 PG 16 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 100XJ UT WOS:000315738200001 PM 23174396 ER PT J AU Holmes, JR AF Holmes, James R. TI ASIAN MARITIME POWER IN THE 21ST CENTURY: Strategic Transactions: China, India and Southeast Asia SO PACIFIC AFFAIRS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Holmes, James R.] USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Holmes, JR (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PACIFIC AFFAIRS UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA PI VANCOUVER PA #164-1855 WEST MALL, VANCOUVER, BC V6T 1Z2, CANADA SN 0030-851X J9 PAC AFF JI Pac. Aff. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 86 IS 1 BP 118 EP 120 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 098GS UT WOS:000315537500007 ER PT J AU Chamberlain, LJ Wu, S Lewis, G Graff, N Javier, JR Park, JSR Johnson, CL Woods, SD Patel, M Wong, D Blaschke, GS Lerner, M Kuo, AK AF Chamberlain, Lisa J. Wu, Susan Lewis, Gena Graff, Nancy Javier, Joyce R. Park, Joseph S. R. Johnson, Christine L. Woods, Steven D. Patel, Mona Wong, Daphne Blaschke, Gregory S. Lerner, Marc Kuo, Anda K. CA Calif Community Pediat Legislative TI A Multi-Institutional Medical Educational Collaborative: Advocacy Training in California Pediatric Residency Programs SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS; INTERNAL-MEDICINE; CHILD HEALTH; CONSORTIA; CARE; DIRECTORS; OUTCOMES AB Educational collaboratives offer a promising approach to disseminate educational resources and provide faculty development to advance residents' training, especially in areas of novel curricular content; however, their impact has not been clearly described. Advocacy training is a recently mandated requirement of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education that many programs struggle to meet. The authors describe the formation (in 2007) and impact (from 2008 to 2010) of 13 California pediatric residency programs working in an educational collaboration ("the Collaborative") to improve advocacy training. The Collaborative defined an overarching mission, assessed the needs of the programs, and mapped their strengths. The infrastructure required to build the collaboration among programs included a social networking site, frequent conference calls, and face-to-face semiannual meetings. An evaluation of the Collaborative's activities showed that programs demonstrated increased uptake of curricular components and an increase in advocacy activities. The themes extracted from semistructured interviews of lead faculty at each program revealed that the Collaborative (1) reduced faculty isolation, increased motivation, and strengthened faculty academic development, (2) enhanced identification of curricular areas of weakness and provided curricular development from new resources, (3) helped to address barriers of limited resident time and program resources, and (4) sustained the Collaborative's impact even after formal funding of the program had ceased through curricular enhancement, the need for further resources, and a shared desire to expand the collaborative network. C1 [Chamberlain, Lisa J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wu, Susan; Javier, Joyce R.; Patel, Mona] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Wu, Susan; Javier, Joyce R.; Patel, Mona] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. [Lewis, Gena] Childrens Hosp, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Lewis, Gena] Res Ctr Oakland, Oakland, CA USA. [Graff, Nancy] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Graff, Nancy] Rady Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. [Park, Joseph S. R.] Prevent Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. [Johnson, Christine L.; Blaschke, Gregory S.] USN, Dept Pediat, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Woods, Steven D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Woods, Steven D.] Kaiser Los Angeles Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Wong, Daphne; Lerner, Marc] Childrens Hosp Orange Cty, Orange, CA 92668 USA. [Blaschke, Gregory S.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Lerner, Marc] Orange Cty Dept Educ, Orange, CA USA. [Lerner, Marc] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Kuo, Anda K.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Chamberlain, LJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, 770 Welch Rd,100, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM lchamberlain@stanford.edu FU California Endowment FX The program described in this article was funded by the California Endowment. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 88 IS 3 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182806291 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 098CJ UT WOS:000315522600015 PM 23348081 ER PT J AU Howley, ET Baldwin, A Rippe, JM AF Howley, Edward T. Baldwin, Andrew Rippe, James M. TI SUMMIT SPEAKERS Getting to Know the 2013 Keynoters for ACSM's Health & Fitness Summit & Exposition SO ACSMS HEALTH & FITNESS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USS Makin Isl, San Diego, CA USA. [Baldwin, Andrew] USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. [Rippe, James M.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1091-5397 J9 ACSMS HEALTH FIT J JI ACSMS Health Fit. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 17 IS 2 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1249/FIT.0b013e318282a69d PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 096MS UT WOS:000315409000006 ER PT J AU Heath, SK Bard, JF Morrice, DJ AF Heath, Susan K. Bard, Jonathan F. Morrice, Douglas J. TI A GRASP for simultaneously assigning and sequencing product families on flexible assembly lines SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GRASP; Production sequencing; Nearly orthogonal Latin hypercubes; Nonlinear integer programming ID MANUFACTURER; ASSIGNMENT; ALGORITHM; COSTS AB This paper introduces a new model and solution methodology for a real-world production scheduling problem arising in the electronics industry. The production environment is a high volume, just-in-time, make-to-order facility with volatile demand over many product families that are assembled on flexible lines. A distinguishing characteristic of the problem is the presence of non-traditional sequence-dependant setup costs, which complicate our ability to find high-quality solutions. The scheduling problem arose when product variety exceeded the mix that the existing lines could accommodate. A nonlinear integer programming formulation is presented for the problem of minimizing setup costs, and a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) is developed to find solutions. To select the GRASP parameter values, an efficient, space-filling experimental design method is used based on nearly orthogonal Latin hypercubes. The proposed methodology is tested on actual factory data and compared to a prior heuristic presented in the literature; our heuristic provides a cost savings in 7 out of the 10 cases examined, and an average improvement of 17.39 % which is shown to be highly statistically significant. This improvement is due in part to the introduction of a pre-processing step to determine preferential and non-preferential line assignment information. C1 [Heath, Susan K.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Bard, Jonathan F.] Univ Texas Austin, Grad Program Operat Res & Ind Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Morrice, Douglas J.] Univ Texas Austin, McCombs Sch Business, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Heath, SK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 555 Dyer Rd,IN-233, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM skheath@nps.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 203 IS 1 BP 295 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s10479-012-1167-5 PG 29 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 095RW UT WOS:000315353300015 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, Peter J. TI Moods, Wicked Problems, and Learning SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat, Postgrad Sch Monterey, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat, Postgrad Sch Monterey, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD MAR PY 2013 VL 56 IS 3 BP 30 EP 32 DI 10.1145/2428556.2428566 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 096ON UT WOS:000315414200014 ER PT J AU Dees, RA Nestler, ST Kewley, R AF Dees, Robert A. Nestler, Scott T. Kewley, Robert TI WholeSoldier Performance Appraisal to Support Mentoring and Personnel Decisions SO DECISION ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE value-focused thinking; performance appraisal; mentoring; personnel decisions; applications: military; practice ID BALANCED SCORECARD AB We present a multiattribute model called Whole Soldier Performance that measures the performance of junior enlisted soldiers in the U.S. Army; currently there is no formal performance appraisal system in place. The application is unique to decision analysis in that we utilize a common constructed scale and single-dimensional value function for all attributes to match the natural framework of model users and based on operability concerns. Additionally, we discuss model validation in both the terms of decision analysis and psychometrics in models that are used for repeated or routine assessments and thus generate significant quantities of data. We highlight visualization of data for use to support mentoring and personnel decisions to better train, assign, retain, promote, and separate current personnel. Last, we address common cultural concerns related to performance appraisals in organizations by offering a method to standardize ratings and hold raters accountable for their responsibility to mentor subordinates as well as identify their performance to the larger organization. C1 [Dees, Robert A.] Univ Texas Austin, McCombs Sch Business, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Nestler, Scott T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kewley, Robert] US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Dees, RA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, McCombs Sch Business, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM rob.dees@utexas.edu; scott.nestler@gmail.com; robert.kewley@usma.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 1545-8490 J9 DECIS ANAL JI Decis. Anal. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 10 IS 1 BP 82 EP 97 DI 10.1287/deca.1120.0263 PG 16 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 098HJ UT WOS:000315539600006 ER PT J AU Hofmeister, EP AF Hofmeister, Eric P. TI The Hand in Art: Remembering the Hand Surgery Profession While in Western Europe SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Dept Orthoped Surg, Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Hofmeister, EP (reprint author), USN, Dept Orthoped Surg, Med Ctr San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM hofmeistere@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 38A IS 3 BP 563 EP 563 DI 10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.12.034 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 099XW UT WOS:000315660200022 ER PT J AU Penano, JR Gordon, DF Hafizi, B AF Penano, Joseph R. Gordon, Daniel F. Hafizi, Bahman TI Generation of mid-IR and visible radiation from four-wave amplification of ultrashort laser pulses in transparent dielectrics SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC-AMPLIFIER; MIDINFRARED PULSES; FEMTOSECOND; FIBERS; LIGHT AB We analyze and simulate the generation of mid-IR radiation from the propagation of bichromatic laser pulses in transparent, centrosymmetric dielectrics. The process relies on using the beatwave associated with the bichromatic pulse to seed four-wave parametric amplification in the mid-IR. We derive propagation equations describing the evolution of the pump waves and scattered waves including the effects of third-order nonlinearity, dispersion, and finite laser spot size. An expression for the growth rate of the scattered waves due to four-wave mixing is derived in the limit of negligible pump depletion and is characterized for various transparent dielectric materials. For fused silica, it is found that a bichromatic pump with wavelengths near 1 mu m can generate forward-directed radiation near 3 mu m. Fully explicit particle-in-cell modeling shows exponential growth and high conversion efficiency to mid-IR and visible radiation when the beat-wave-generated frequency comb is tuned to overlap the gain band of the four-wave amplification process. C1 [Penano, Joseph R.; Gordon, Daniel F.; Hafizi, Bahman] USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Penano, JR (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.penano@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors thank Dr. Antonio Ting and Dr. Michael Helle for useful discussions. This work is supported by U.S. Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 funding. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 30 IS 3 BP 708 EP 716 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 099EO UT WOS:000315603400032 ER PT J AU Manheimer, W AF Manheimer, Wallace TI The velocity dependent Krook model to calculate energetic electron transport in a laser produced plasma SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article ID HYDRODYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS; CONDUCTION; IMPLOSION AB Energetic electrons, with energy from many tens to several hundred keV can be generated in laser produced plasmas by such laser plasma instabilities as the 2 omega(p) instability, which occurs at the quarter critical density. It is important to know not only how these are produced, but also how they are transported and deposit their energy in the interior and whether they preheat the fuel. We introduce the velocity dependent Krook approach to this problem, and compare it to other approaches that have appeared in the literature as regards accuracy and economy of incorporating in a fluid simulation. This velocity dependent Krook technique is reasonably accurate and reasonably simple and economical to incorporate into a fluid simulation. C1 [Manheimer, Wallace] USN, Laser Plasma Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Manheimer, Wallace] Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD USA. RP Manheimer, W (reprint author), USN, Laser Plasma Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wallymanheimer@yahoo.com FU NNSA; Research Support Instruments, Lanham, Maryland [N00173-06-C-2049] FX This work was supported by NNSA. The work was done at the Research Support Instruments, Lanham, Maryland, contract number N00173-06-C-2049, in support to the Laser Plasma Branch at Naval Research Laboratory. The author thanks Denis Colombant for a number of very helpful discussions. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 EI 1469-803X J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD MAR PY 2013 VL 31 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1017/S0263034612000730 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 096DJ UT WOS:000315383900013 ER PT J AU O'Brien, T AF O'Brien, Timothy TI TAKING THE CALF TO MARKET IN ROBERT FROST'S "THE PASTURE" SO NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY INC PI BOSTON PA MESERVE HALL 243 NORTHEASTERN UNIV 360 HUNTINGTON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4866 J9 NEW ENGL QUART JI New Engl. Q.-Hist. Rev. New Engl. Life Lett. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 86 IS 1 BP 125 EP 136 PG 12 WC History; Literature, American SC History; Literature GA 098GM UT WOS:000315536800006 ER PT J AU Hessert, MJ Bennett, BL AF Hessert, M. Josephine Bennett, Brad L. TI Optimizing Emergent Surgical Cricothyrotomy for use in Austere Environments SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE cricothyroidotomy; cricothyrotomy; airway; austere environment; battlefield; prehospital ID RAPID 4-STEP TECHNIQUE; OPERATION-ENDURING-FREEDOM; DIFFICULT-AIRWAY; GUIDED CRICOTHYROTOMY; CLINICAL ANATOMY; MEDICAL-SERVICE; TRAUMA PATIENTS; IRAQI-FREEDOM; GLOBAL WAR; CRICOTHYROIDOTOMY AB Emergent cricothyrotomy is an infrequently performed procedure used in the direst of circumstances on the most severely injured patients. Austere environments present further unique challenges to effective emergency medical practice. Recently, military trauma registry data were searched for the frequency of cricothyrotomy use and success rates during a 22-month period. These data revealed that cricothyrotomy performed in the most rigorous austere environment (ie, battlefield) had many successes, but also a large number of failed (33%) attempts by medics owing to many factors. Thus, the aim of this review article is to present what is known about cricothyrotomy and apply this knowledge to any austere environment for qualified providers. The National Library of Medicine's PubMed was used to conduct a thorough search using the terms "prehospital," "cricothyroidotomy," "cricothyrotomy," and "surgical airway." The findings were further narrowed by applicability to the austere environment. This review presents relevant airway anatomy, incidences, indications, contraindications, procedures, and equipment, including improvised devices, success rates, complications, and training methods. Recommendations are proffered for ways to optimize procedures, equipment, and training for successful application of this emergent skill set in the austere environment. C1 [Hessert, M. Josephine] USN, Dept Emergency Med, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Bennett, Brad L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Bennett, BL (reprint author), POB 235, Bena, VA 23018 USA. EM dr.blbennett@gmail.com NR 105 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1080-6032 EI 1545-1534 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD SPR PY 2013 VL 24 IS 1 BP 53 EP 66 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 097KP UT WOS:000315473300013 PM 23062323 ER PT J AU Brown, ME Silver, KC Rajagopalan, K AF Brown, Molly E. Silver, Kirk C. Rajagopalan, Krishnan TI A city and national metric measuring isolation from the global market for food security assessment SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Transportation; Food security; Global market; Index; Economics ID AGRICULTURE; POVERTY AB The World Bank has invested in infrastructure in developing countries for decades. This investment aims to reduce the isolation of markets, reducing both seasonality and variability in food availability and food prices. Here we combine city market price data, global distance to port, and country infrastructure data to create a new Isolation Index for countries and cities around the world. Our index quantifies the isolation of a city from the global market. We demonstrate that an index built at the country level can be applied at a sub-national level to quantify city isolation. In doing so, we offer policy makers with an alternative metric to assess food insecurity. We compare our isolation index with other indices and economic data found in the literature. We show that our Index measures economic isolation regardless of economic stability using correlation and analysis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brown, Molly E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Silver, Kirk C.] Univ Rhode Isl, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Coastal Inst MESM 106, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Rajagopalan, Krishnan] USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brown, ME (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Code 618, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM molly.brown@nasa.gov RI Brown, Molly/E-2724-2010 OI Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 38 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.11.015 PG 10 WC Geography SC Geography GA 094FI UT WOS:000315248000012 ER PT J AU Hsieh, WWS AF Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang TI The Civil War in the East: Struggle, Stalemate, and Victory SO CIVIL WAR HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hsieh, WWS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KENT STATE UNIV PRESS PI KENT PA C/O JOURNALS DEPT, KENT, OH 44242 USA SN 0009-8078 J9 CIVIL WAR HIST JI Civil War Hist. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 59 IS 1 BP 102 EP 104 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 094DZ UT WOS:000315244500007 ER PT J AU Burstedde, C Stadler, G Alisic, L Wilcox, LC Tan, E Gurnis, M Ghattas, O AF Burstedde, Carsten Stadler, Georg Alisic, Laura Wilcox, Lucas C. Tan, Eh Gurnis, Michael Ghattas, Omar TI Large-scale adaptive mantle convection simulation SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Numerical solutions; Mantle processes; Dynamics: convection currents; and mantle plumes ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; STOKES-FLOW PROBLEMS; SPHERICAL-SHELL; VARIABLE-VISCOSITY; ERROR ESTIMATION; MESH REFINEMENT; PARALLEL; EQUATIONS; ALGORITHMS AB A new generation, parallel adaptive-mesh mantle convection code, Rhea, is described and benchmarked. Rhea targets large-scale mantle convection simulations on parallel computers, and thus has been developed with a strong focus on computational efficiency and parallel scalability of both mesh handling and numerical solvers. Rhea builds mantle convection solvers on a collection of parallel octree-based adaptive finite element libraries that support new distributed data structures and parallel algorithms for dynamic coarsening, refinement, rebalancing and repartitioning of the mesh. In this study we demonstrate scalability to 122 880 compute cores and verify correctness of the implementation. We present the numerical approximation and convergence properties using 3-D benchmark problems and other tests for variable-viscosity Stokes flow and thermal convection. C1 [Burstedde, Carsten; Stadler, Georg; Wilcox, Lucas C.; Ghattas, Omar] Univ Texas Austin, ICES, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Burstedde, Carsten] Univ Bonn, Inst Numer Simulat, Bonn, Germany. [Alisic, Laura; Gurnis, Michael] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Alisic, Laura] Univ Cambridge, Bullard Labs, Cambridge, England. [Wilcox, Lucas C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA USA. [Tan, Eh] CIG, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tan, Eh] Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. [Ghattas, Omar] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ghattas, Omar] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Burstedde, C (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, ICES, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM burstedde@ins.uni-bonn.de RI Tan, Eh/N-8320-2013 FU NSF PetaApps program [OCI-0749334, OCI-0748898]; NSF CDI program [CMMI-1028889, CMMI-1028978]; DOE Office of Science [DE-FC02-06ER25782, DE-SC0002710]; Caltech Tectonics Observatory; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; [EAR-0426271]; [EAR-0810303]; [DMS-072474] FX The authors would like to thank Shijie Zhong for discussion and feedback. The NSF PetaApps program (OCI-0749334, OCI-0748898), the NSF CDI program (CMMI-1028889, CMMI-1028978), TeraGrid allocation (TG-MCA04N026) and further grants (EAR-0426271, EAR-0810303, DMS-072474) are gratefully acknowledged, as well as funding by the DOE Office of Science (DE-FC02-06ER25782, DE-SC0002710) and support by the Caltech Tectonics Observatory (by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation). The Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) and Oak Ridge National Laboratories provided outstanding help and support for our use of the Ranger and Jaguar supercomputers, respectively. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 192 IS 3 BP 889 EP 906 DI 10.1093/gji/ggs070 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 091LP UT WOS:000315051300001 ER PT J AU Milton, GB AF Milton, Gregory B. TI The transition from ecclesiastical scribania to professional notariate in Santa Coloma de Queralt SO JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE notary; scribania; commerce; Crown of Aragon; Catalonia AB Commerce and notarial writing were closely related activities for the Mediterranean world of the thirteenth century, and both were integral to rural commercial communities by the last decades of the century. The transformation of the scribania of Santa Coloma de Queralt from proto-notarial to professional notarial institution during the second half of the thirteenth century demonstrates the changes in the process of written documentation and the growth of commercial activity as sophisticated economic and political development occurred in many areas of rural Catalonia. The professional notarial scribes of the period provided administrative services in many different arenas, but more significantly provided a reliable means accurate, flexible and legal of monitoring the commercial transactions they recorded for their customers. The value of professional notarial writing helped create and further the increased commercial activity of the period within the Crown of Aragon. While scholars have long considered this process in major urban centres, it was also a significant factor for rural communities in Catalonia, which utilised and benefited from regular access to professional writing for the necessities of daily life. C1 [Milton, Gregory B.] USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Milton, Gregory B.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Milton, Gregory B.] Marquette Univ, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. [Milton, Gregory B.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM gbmhistory@gmail.com NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0304-4181 J9 J MEDIEVAL HIST JI J. Mediev. Hist. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1080/03044181.2012.738787 PG 19 WC Medieval & Renaissance Studies SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 092HU UT WOS:000315112000001 ER PT J AU Wang, LB Tao, J Xiao, CS Yang, TC AF Wang, Longbao Tao, Jun Xiao, Chengshan Yang, T. C. TI Low-complexity turbo detection for single-carrier low-density parity-check-coded multiple-input multiple-output underwater acoustic communications SO WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE turbo detection; frequency-domain equalization; underwater acoustic communication ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN EQUALIZATION; CHANNELS AB A low-complexity turbo detection scheme is proposed for single-carrier multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic (UWA) communications using low-density parity-check (LDPC) channel coding. The low complexity of the proposed detection algorithm is achieved in two aspects: first, the frequency-domain equalization technique is adopted, and it maintains a low complexity irrespective of the highly dispersive UWA channels; second, the computation of the soft equalizer output, in the form of extrinsic log-likelihood ratio, is performed with an approximating method, which further reduces the complexity. Moreover, attributed to the LDPC decoding, the turbo detection converges within only a few iterations. The proposed turbo detection scheme has been used for processing real-world data collected in two different undersea trials: WHOI09 and ACOMM09. Experimental results show that it provides robust detection for MIMO UWA communications with different modulations and different symbol rates, at different transmission ranges. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wang, Longbao; Tao, Jun; Xiao, Chengshan] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Yang, T. C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Xiao, CS (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM xiaoc@mst.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0174]; National Science Foundation [CCF-0915846] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-10-1-0174 and the National Science Foundation under Grant CCF-0915846. The authors thank Mr. Lee Freitag and Mr. Keenan Ball and their team for conducting the WHOI09 experiment. L. Wang is grateful to Dr. Jian Zhang for his helpful discussion. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-8669 J9 WIREL COMMUN MOB COM JI Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 13 IS 4 BP 439 EP 450 DI 10.1002/wcm.1161 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 092EJ UT WOS:000315101700007 ER PT J AU Carbone, PN Carbone, DL Carstairs, SD Luzi, SA AF Carbone, Peter N. Carbone, David L. Carstairs, Shaun D. Luzi, Scott A. TI Sudden Cardiac Death Associated With Methylone Use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methylone; bath salts; sudden cardiac death; cathinone; toxicity ID LEGAL HIGHS; CATHINONE; INTERNET; ABUSE AB The rise in popularity of "bath salts" as safe alternatives to MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), methamphetamine, and other illicit substances has resulted in increased scrutiny of the contents and toxicology associated with these products. We report a case of sudden death related to the synthetic cathinone methylone (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinonmethylone) in a previously healthy 19-year-old man. Although several fatal case reports have been published involving methylone and other synthetic cathinones, this is the first reported case of sudden cardiac death associated with methylone use. Although lack of published data prevented a comparison of blood methylone concentrations between our case and existing reports, the amount of methylone we detected postmortem (0.07 mg/dL) is below those reported in MDMA-related fatalities. Our report suggests that methylone toxicity has been greatly underestimated by users of this synthetic cathinone. C1 [Carbone, Peter N.; Luzi, Scott A.] USN, Dept Anat Pathol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Carbone, David L.] Univ Arizona, Coll Med Phoenix, Dept Basic Med Sci, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Carstairs, Shaun D.] USN, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Carbone, PN (reprint author), USN, Dept Anat Pathol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM peter.carbone@med.navy.mil OI Carstairs, Shaun/0000-0003-4558-9704 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 34 IS 1 BP 26 EP 28 DI 10.1097/PAF.0b013e31827ab5da PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 089NI UT WOS:000314916900011 PM 23403480 ER PT J AU Lim, AA Allam, KA Taneja, R Kawamoto, HK AF Lim, Alan A. Allam, Karam A. Taneja, Rashmi Kawamoto, Henry K. TI Constructing the Philtral Column in the Secondary Cleft Lip Deformity Utilizing the Palmaris Longus Graft SO ANNALS OF PLASTIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE cleft lip; cleft lip revision; palmaris longus; palmaris longus graft; philtrum; philtral column; secondary cleft lip deformity ID ORBICULARIS ORIS MUSCLE; RECONSTRUCTION; REPAIR; TENDON; AUGMENTATION; DIMPLE AB Background: The philtrum and the Cupid's bow are the most prominent features of the upper lip and are crucial for normal appearance. Unfortunately, projection of the philtral column is a common deficiency of the repaired cleft lip. Although a multitude of methods for constructing the philtral dimple and ridge have been described, no single procedure has achieved complete satisfactory results. The authors describe their technique for construction of the philtral column using palmaris longus tendon. Methods: Between 1998 and 2009, a retrospective study was performed for identifying patients with depression of the philtral scar following cleft lip repair. Pre- and postoperative photographs were taken with at least 6 months follow-up. Postoperative patient satisfaction and occurrence of complications are reported. Results: In all, 17 patients who developed depression of the philtral ridge following cleft lip repair underwent philtral reconstruction utilizing palmaris longus tendon grafts by the senior author (H. K. K.). At the time of surgery, average age for 11 females and 6 males was 18.5 years. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 126 months, with an average of 42.3 months. In the early postoperative period, 2 complications in the form of graft exposure occurred. However, both cases were successfully managed with preservation of the graft. All patients were satisfied with their long-term results, and none required further surgery. Conclusions: The use of palmaris longus tendon graft is an effective, reproducible, and safe method by which to construct the philtral column in the secondary cleft lip deformity. C1 [Lim, Alan A.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Allam, Karam A.] Sohag Univ Hosp, Dept Plast Surg, Sohag, Egypt. [Taneja, Rashmi] Fortis Flt Lt Rajan Dhali Hosp, Dept Plast Surg, New Delhi, India. [Kawamoto, Henry K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Kawamoto, HK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, 1301 20th St,Suite 460, Santa Monica, CA 90404 USA. EM kawamoto@ucla.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-7043 J9 ANN PLAS SURG JI Ann. Plast. Surg. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 296 EP 300 DI 10.1097/SAP.0b013e3182326ef3 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 092BI UT WOS:000315093400011 PM 23038138 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Asano, K Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bottacini, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Burnett, TH Busetto, G Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Charles, E Chaty, S Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Cillis, AN Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Colafrancesco, S Conrad, J Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Palma, F Dermer, CD Silva, EDE Drell, S Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Fortin, P Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grandi, P Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hou, X Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Jogler, T Johannesson, G Johnson, RP Johnson, AS Kamae, T Kataoka, J Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Lavalley, C Lee, SH Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mignani, RP Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Naumann-Godo, M Nemmen, R Nishino, S Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Pelassa, V Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Pierbattista, M Piron, F Pivato, G Poon, H Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Reyes, LC Ritz, S Rochester, LS Romoli, C Roth, M Sanchez, DA Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Snyder, A Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stephens, TE Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Tinivella, M Tosti, G Troja, E Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V von Kienlin, A Waite, AP Wallace, E Weltevrede, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Wood, M Yang, Z Zimmer, S AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Asano, K. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Burnett, T. H. Busetto, G. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chaty, S. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Cillis, A. N. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Colafrancesco, S. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grandi, P. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hou, X. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, A. S. Kamae, T. Kataoka, J. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Lavalley, C. Lee, S. -H. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mignani, R. P. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Naumann-Godo, M. Nemmen, R. Nishino, S. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Pelassa, V. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Poon, H. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reyes, L. C. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Romoli, C. Roth, M. Sanchez, D. A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Snyder, A. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stephens, T. E. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Tinivella, M. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. von Kienlin, A. Waite, A. P. Wallace, E. Weltevrede, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Yang, Z. Zimmer, S. TI DETERMINATION OF THE POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION FOR THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE FROM ON-ORBIT DATA AND LIMITS ON PAIR HALOS OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: halos; gamma rays: galaxies; instrumentation: detectors; intergalactic medium ID EXTRAGALACTIC MAGNETIC-FIELDS; VHE GAMMA-RAYS; TEV BLAZARS; BACKGROUND LIGHT; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SOURCE CATALOG; 1ES 0229+200; PULSAR; CONSTRAINTS; DISCOVERY AB The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is a pair-conversion telescope designed to detect photons with energies from approximate to 20 MeV to > 300 GeV. The pre-launch response functions of the LAT were determined through extensive Monte Carlo simulations and beam tests. The point-spread function (PSF) characterizing the angular distribution of reconstructed photons as a function of energy and geometry in the detector is determined here from two years of on-orbit data by examining the distributions of gamma rays from pulsars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Above 3 GeV, the PSF is found to be broader than the pre-launch PSF. We checked for dependence of the PSF on the class of gamma-ray source and observation epoch and found none. We also investigated several possible spatial models for pair-halo emission around BL Lac AGNs. We found no evidence for a component with spatial extension larger than the PSF and set upper limits on the amplitude of halo emission in stacked images of low-and high-redshift BL Lac AGNs and the TeV blazars 1ES0229 + 200 and 1ES0347-121. C1 [Ackermann, M.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bottacini, E.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kerr, M.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Snyder, A.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bottacini, E.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kerr, M.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Snyder, A.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Asano, K.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Interact Res Ctr Sci, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Chaty, S.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Pierbattista, M.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Busetto, G.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Busetto, G.; Buson, S.; Pivato, G.; Poon, H.; Rando, R.; Romoli, C.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; D'Ammando, F.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Knoedlseder, J.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Brandt, T. J.; Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, GAHEC, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse, France. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Roth, M.; Wallace, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEE CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.; Razzaque, S.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Cillis, A. N.] Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, Parbellon IAFE, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Cillis, A. N.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Hays, E.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Nemmen, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Stephens, T. E.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ciprini, S.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Lavalley, C.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Colafrancesco, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Yang, Z.; Zimmer, S.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Larsson, S.; Yang, Z.; Zimmer, S.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.] IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Nishino, S.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Grandi, P.] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guiriec, S.; Pelassa, V.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hayashida, M.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Hou, X.; Lott, B.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Hughes, R. E.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, M. S.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Lee, S. -H.] Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mignani, R. P.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Moiseev, A. A.; Perkins, J. S.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Phys, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reyes, L. C.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. [Sanchez, D. A.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Stephens, T. E.] Wyle Labs, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tajima, H.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Tibolla, O.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [von Kienlin, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Weltevrede, P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM mar0@uw.edu; mdwood@slac.stanford.edu RI Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Saz Parkinson, Pablo Miguel/I-7980-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012 OI orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Stephens, Thomas/0000-0003-3065-6871; Grandi, Paola/0000-0003-1848-6013; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Chaty, Sylvain/0000-0002-5769-8601; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Commonwealth Government; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation.; The Parkes radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope which is funded by the Commonwealth Government for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. We thank our colleagues for their assistance with the radio timing observations.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 765 IS 1 AR 54 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/765/1/54 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 090CZ UT WOS:000314957900054 ER PT J AU Sargent, BA Patel, NA Meixner, M Otsuka, M Riebel, D Srinivasan, S AF Sargent, Benjamin A. Patel, N. A. Meixner, M. Otsuka, M. Riebel, D. Srinivasan, S. TI CO J=2-1 EMISSION FROM EVOLVED STARS IN THE GALACTIC BULGE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; radio lines: stars; stars: AGB and post-AGB ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; ROTATIONAL LINE-PROFILES; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; RED SUPERGIANT STARS; MASS-LOSS HISTORY; ALL-SKY SURVEY; OH/IR STARS; AGB STARS; CENTER REGION; FORMING REGIONS AB We observe a sample of eight evolved stars in the Galactic bulge in the CO J = 2-1 line using the Submillimeter Array with angular resolution of 1 ''-4 ''. These stars have been detected previously at infrared wavelengths, and several of them have OH maser emission. We detect CO J = 2-1 emission from three of the sources in the sample: OH 359.943 + 0.260, [SLO2003] A12, and [SLO2003] A51. We do not detect the remaining five stars in the sample because of heavy contamination from the galactic CO emission. Combining CO data with observations at infrared wavelengths constraining dust mass loss from these stars, we determine the gas-to-dust ratios of the Galactic bulge stars for which CO emission is detected. For OH 359.943 + 0.260, we determine a gas mass-loss rate of 7.9 (+/- 2.2) x 10(-5)M(circle dot) yr(-1) and a gas-to-dust ratio of 310 (+/- 89). For [SLO2003] A12, we find a gas mass-loss rate of 5.4 (+/- 2.8) x 10(-5)M(circle dot) yr(-1) and a gas-to-dust ratio of 220 (+/- 110). For [SLO2003] A51, we find a gas mass-loss rate of 3.4 (+/- 3.0) x 10(-5)M(circle dot) yr(-1) and a gas-to-dust ratio of 160 (+/- 140), reflecting the low quality of our tentative detection of the CO J = 2-1 emission from A51. We find that the CO J = 2-1 detections of OH/IR stars in the Galactic bulge require lower average CO J = 2-1 backgrounds. C1 [Sargent, Benjamin A.; Meixner, M.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sargent, Benjamin A.] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Sargent, Benjamin A.] Rochester Inst Technol, Lab Multiwavelength Astrophys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Patel, N. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Otsuka, M.; Srinivasan, S.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Riebel, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Riebel, D.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Srinivasan, S.] Inst Astrophys Paris, UPMC CNRS UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Sargent, BA (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM baspci@rit.edu FU Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; NASA [1407]; NASA ADP grant [NNX11AB06G] FX The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. The authors acknowledge Anders Winnberg for discussions via email that have been very helpful in interpreting our SMA data. The authors thank the anonymous referee for comments that greatly improved this manuscript. This work makes use of observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under NASA contract 1407. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This research has made use of the VizieR catalog access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France. The original description of the VizieR service was published in A&AS, 143, 23 (Ochsenbein et al. 2000). This research was supported by NASA ADP grant NNX11AB06G. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 765 IS 1 AR 20 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/765/1/20 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 090CZ UT WOS:000314957900020 ER PT J AU Mohr, SB Gorham, ED Alcaraz, JE Kane, CI Macera, CA Parsons, JK Wingard, DL Horst, R Garland, CF AF Mohr, Sharif B. Gorham, Edward D. Alcaraz, John E. Kane, Christopher I. Macera, Caroline A. Parsons, J. Kellogg Wingard, Deborah L. Horst, Ronald Garland, Cedric F. TI Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer in the military: a case-control study utilizing pre-diagnostic serum SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Vitamin D; Breast neoplasms; Case-control studies; 25-hyrdoxyvitamin D; Epidemiology ID VITAMIN-D INTAKE; PLASMA 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; POOLED ANALYSIS; OVARIAN-CANCER; COLON CANCER; RISK; MORTALITY; CALCIUM; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D AB The objective of this study was to ascertain whether a relationship exists between pre-diagnostic serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and risk of breast cancer in young women. About 600 incident cases of breast cancer were matched to 600 controls as part of a nested case-control study that utilized pre-diagnostic sera. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and breast cancer risk, controlling for race and age. According to the conditional logistic regression for all subjects, odds ratios for breast cancer by quintile of serum 25(OH)D from lowest to highest were 1.2, 1.0, 0.9, 1.1, and 1.0 (reference) (p trend = 0.72). After multivariate regression for subjects whose blood had been collected within 90 days preceding diagnosis, odds ratios for breast cancer by quintile of serum 25(OH)D from lowest to highest were 3.3, 1.9, 1.7, 2.6, and 1.0 (reference) (p trend = 0.09). An inverse association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and risk of breast cancer was not present in the principal analysis, although an inverse association was present in a small subgroup analysis of subjects whose blood had been collected within 90 days preceding diagnosis. Further prospective studies of 25(OH)D and breast cancer risk are needed. C1 [Mohr, Sharif B.; Gorham, Edward D.; Kane, Christopher I.; Wingard, Deborah L.; Garland, Cedric F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Epidemiol, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mohr, Sharif B.; Gorham, Edward D.; Garland, Cedric F.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Alcaraz, John E.; Macera, Caroline A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Parsons, J. Kellogg] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Surg, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Horst, Ronald] Heartland Assays, Ames, IA USA. RP Mohr, SB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Epidemiol, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr 0620, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM sbmohr75@yahoo.com FU Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, under Work Unit at the Naval Health Research Center (San Diego, CA, USA) [60126] FX This research was supported by a Congressional allocation to the Penn State Cancer Institute of the Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, through the Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, under Work Unit No. 60126 at the Naval Health Research Center (San Diego, CA, USA). The views presented here are solely the opinions of the authors and do not represent an official position of the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Thanks to Dr. Angelee Ferber of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command for providing the blood samples used in this study and for her outstanding support of the research. Thanks to June J. Kim, B. S., of Naval Health Research Center for her valued work editing the manuscript. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 EI 1573-7225 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAR PY 2013 VL 24 IS 3 BP 495 EP 504 DI 10.1007/s10552-012-0140-6 PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 090KC UT WOS:000314976900009 PM 23296455 ER PT J AU Montgomery, MT Coffin, RB Boyd, TJ Osburn, CL AF Montgomery, Michael T. Coffin, Richard B. Boyd, Thomas J. Osburn, Christopher L. TI Incorporation and mineralization of TNT and other anthropogenic organics by natural microbial assemblages from a small, tropical estuary SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE TNT; Incorporation; Mineralization; Biodegradation; Bacteria; Kahana Bay ID BACTERIAL-GROWTH EFFICIENCY; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE TNT; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; FRONT; MATTER; TRANSFORMATION; DEGRADATION; EXPLOSIVES; SEDIMENTS AB 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) metabolism was compared across salinity transects in Kahana Bay, a small tropical estuary on Oahu, HI. In surface water, TNT incorporation rates (range: 3-121 mu g C L-1 d(-1)) were often 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than mineralization rates suggesting that it may serve as organic nitrogen for coastal microbial assemblages. These rates were often an order of magnitude more rapid than those for RDX and two orders more than HMX. During average or high stream flow, TNT incorporation was most rapid at the riverine end member and generally decreased with increasing salinity. This pattern was not seen during low flow periods. Although TNT metabolism was not correlated with heterotrophic growth rate, it may be related to metabolism of other aromatic compounds. With most TNT ring-carbon incorporation efficiencies at greater than 97%, production of new biomass appears to be a more significant product of microbial TNT metabolism than mineralization. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Montgomery, Michael T.; Coffin, Richard B.; Boyd, Thomas J.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Osburn, Christopher L.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Code 6114,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.montgomery@nrl.navy.mil; richard.coffin@nrl.navy.mil; thomas.boyd@nrl.navy.mil; closburn@ncsu.edu OI Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, Environmental Restoration projects [ER-1431, ER-2124] FX This work was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, Environmental Restoration projects ER-1431 and ER-2124 to MTM and CLO (Program Manager: Dr. Andrea Leeson). The authors also wish to thank Qing Li, Charlie Nelson, Joe Smith, and Jane Casteline for site and sampling support and for the comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 174 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.036 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 090SZ UT WOS:000315001600035 PM 23287075 ER PT J AU Forsberg, JA Wedin, R Bauer, H AF Forsberg, Jonathan Agner Wedin, Rikard Bauer, Henrik TI Which Implant Is Best After Failed Treatment for Pathologic Femur Fractures? SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Meeting of the International-Society-of-Limb-Salvage (ISOLS) CY 2011 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Limb Salvage (ISOLS) ID SKELETAL METASTATIC LESIONS; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; ENDOPROSTHETIC REPLACEMENT; PROXIMAL FEMUR; HIP; COMPLICATIONS; ARTHROPLASTY; SURVIVAL; SURGERY; DISEASE AB Successful treatment of pathologic femur fractures can preserve a patient's independence and quality of life. The choice of implant depends on several disease- and patient-specific variables; however, its durability must generally match the patient's estimated life expectancy. Failures do occur, however, it is unclear which implants are associated with greater risk of failure. We evaluated patients with femoral metastases in whom implants failed to determine (1) the rate of reoperation; (2) the timing of and most common causes for failure; and (3) incidence of perioperative complications and death. From a prospectively collected registry, we identified 93 patients operated on for failed treatment of femoral metastases from 1990 to 2010. We excluded five patients who subsequently underwent amputations leaving 88 who underwent salvage procedures. These included intramedullary nails (n = 11), endoprostheses (n = 61), and plate fixation (n = 16). The primary outcome was reoperation after salvage treatment. Seventeen of the 88 patients (19%) required subsequent reoperation a median of 10 months (interquartile range, 4-14) from the time of salvage surgery: 15 for material failure, one for local progression of tumor, and one for a combination of these. Five patients died within 4 weeks of surgery. Although perioperative complications were higher in the endoprosthesis group and dislocations occurred, overall treatment failures after salvage surgery were lower in the that group (four of 61) compared the group with plate fixation (eight of 16) and intramedullary nail groups (five of 11). Despite relatively common perioperative complications, salvage using endoprostheses may be associated with fewer treatment failures as compared with internal fixation. Level III, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. C1 [Forsberg, Jonathan Agner] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Forsberg, Jonathan Agner; Wedin, Rikard; Bauer, Henrik] Karolinska Inst, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Sect Orthopaed & Sports Med, Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Forsberg, JA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jaforsberg@me.com OI Wedin, Rikard/0000-0002-2440-1218 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 471 IS 3 BP 735 EP 740 DI 10.1007/s11999-012-2558-2 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 084EC UT WOS:000314518500008 PM 22948531 ER PT J AU Forsberg, JA Sjoberg, D Chen, QR Vickers, A Healey, JH AF Forsberg, Jonathan Agner Sjoberg, Daniel Chen, Qing-Rong Vickers, Andrew Healey, John H. TI Treating Metastatic Disease: Which Survival Model Is Best Suited for the Clinic? SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CANCER-PATIENTS; PREDICTION; PROGNOSIS; SURGERY; CURVE; CARE AB To avoid complications associated with under- or overtreatment of patients with skeletal metastases, doctors need accurate survival estimates. Unfortunately, prognostic models for patients with skeletal metastases of the extremities are lacking, and physician-based estimates are generally inaccurate. We developed three types of prognostic models and compared them using calibration plots, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and decision curve analysis to determine which one is best suited for clinical use. A training set consisted of 189 patients who underwent surgery for skeletal metastases. We created models designed to predict 3- and 12-month survival using three methods: an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN), and logistic regression. We then performed crossvalidation and compared the models in three ways: calibration plots plotting predicted against actual risk; area under the ROC curve (AUC) to discriminate the probability that a patient who died has a higher predicted probability of death compared to a patient who did not die; and decision curve analysis to quantify the clinical consequences of over- or undertreatment. All models appeared to be well calibrated, with the exception of the BBN, which underestimated 3-month survival at lower probability estimates. The ANN models had the highest discrimination, with an AUC of 0.89 and 0.93, respectively, for the 3- and 12-month models. Decision analysis revealed all models could be used clinically, but the ANN models consistently resulted in the highest net benefit, outperforming the BBN and logistic regression models. Our observations suggest use of the ANN model to aid decisions about surgery would lead to better patient outcomes than other alternative approaches to decision making. Level II, prognostic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. C1 [Forsberg, Jonathan Agner] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Forsberg, Jonathan Agner] Karolinska Inst, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Sect Orthopaed & Sports Med, Stockholm, Sweden. [Sjoberg, Daniel; Vickers, Andrew] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Chen, Qing-Rong] NCI, Ctr Bioinformat & Informat Technol, Rockville, MD USA. [Healey, John H.] Cornell Univ, Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Orthopaed Surg Serv, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Healey, John H.] Cornell Univ, Weill Coll Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Forsberg, JA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jaforsberg@me.com OI Vickers, Andrew/0000-0003-1525-6503 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA008748] NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 471 IS 3 BP 843 EP 850 DI 10.1007/s11999-012-2577-z PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 084EC UT WOS:000314518500021 PM 22983682 ER PT J AU Downey, RH Brewer, LN Karunasiri, G AF Downey, R. H. Brewer, L. N. Karunasiri, G. TI Determination of mechanical properties of a MEMS directional sound sensor using a nanoindenter SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE MEMS; Nanoindenter; Linear elastic stiffness; Spring constant; Resonant frequencies AB We use a nanoindenter to measure the stiffness of mechanical components of a microelectromechanical directional sound sensor. The results validate analytical and numerical linear elastic models, identify the physical structures associated with each resonant frequency, and provide an estimate of the maximum sound pressure the sensor can tolerate. Because the sensor has bending and twisting components that act as springs in series, the overall compliance is the sum of several terms, each of which varies with the location of the loading force along the sensor's surface. By fitting a curve to a plot of the measured overall stiffness vs. location of the loading force, we quantify the separate compliance terms and thereby estimate the resonant frequencies of the corresponding vibrational modes. The frequencies estimated by this method for the two modes are in reasonably good agreement with the measured resonant frequencies. Finally, we establish a minimum failure strength of the sensor, from which we estimate that it can tolerate a sound pressure level greater than about 162 dB without damage. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Downey, R. H.; Karunasiri, G.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Brewer, L. N.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Downey, RH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rhdowney@nps.edu; lnbrewer@nps.edu; karunasiri@nps.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 191 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2012.11.033 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 082HN UT WOS:000314383000004 ER PT J AU Santomauro, M Reina, GA Stroup, SP L'Esperance, JO AF Santomauro, Michael Reina, G. Anthony Stroup, Sean P. L'Esperance, James O. TI Telementoring in robotic surgery SO CURRENT OPINION IN UROLOGY LA English DT Review DE laparoscopy; remote surgery; robotic surgery; telementoring; telestration; telesurgery ID TELESURGERY; TOOL AB Purpose of review To provide an overview of the current concepts regarding telementoring with robotic surgery highlighting recent advances with respect to urological minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Recent findings As robotic surgery continues to evolve, telementoring will become a viable alternative to traditional on-site surgical proctoring. Summary MIS represents one of the most important breakthroughs in medicine over the past few decades. Newcomers to MIS need the guidance of more experienced, 'high volume' mentors to achieve the superior outcomes promised by MIS over conventional techniques. Telementoring, a subset of telemedicine, allows a surgeon at a remote site to offer intraoperative guidance via telecommunication networks. MIS lends itself well to telementoring techniques for several reasons; the primary surgeon performing MIS is working off of video images of the surgical field or images sent to a console. As such, the mentor is seeing the exact same images as the primary surgeon. In this review, we highlight many of the latest technologies in telemedicine, which are applicable to MIS and provide an overview of the pitfalls, which need to be overcome to make telementoring (and eventually telesurgery) a standard tool in the MIS arsenal. C1 [Santomauro, Michael; Reina, G. Anthony; Stroup, Sean P.; L'Esperance, James O.] USN, Dept Urol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP L'Esperance, JO (reprint author), USN, Dept Urol, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM james.lesperance@med.navy.mil NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0963-0643 J9 CURR OPIN UROL JI Curr. Opin. Urol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 IS 2 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32835d4cc2 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 080ZY UT WOS:000314285100007 PM 23357931 ER PT J AU Demirkan, H Dolk, D AF Demirkan, Haluk Dolk, Daniel TI Analytical, computational and conceptual modeling in service science and systems SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND E-BUSINESS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Service science; Service systems; Cloud services; Service level agreements; Service-oriented architecture; Software-as-a-service AB While the service economy is growing very fast, more organizations are reorienting their processes, tools, and products towards service-oriented applications. This service-oriented paradigm is creating new challenges and opportunities for organizations. In this article, we discuss service science and systems, and provide a conceptual view of the service ecosystem in the context of analytical, computational and conceptual modeling. As service scientists, our ultimate goal should be to develop and provide a science-based approach to the dynamic, scalable, secure, and knowledge-driven design and development of service ecosystems, while in the process fostering the development of academic researchers and industry professionals to work in diverse, interdisciplinary teams for engineering adaptable solutions to distributed computing problems. C1 [Demirkan, Haluk] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Dolk, Daniel] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Demirkan, H (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM haluk.demirkan@asu.edu; drdolk@nps.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 37 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-9846 EI 1617-9854 J9 INF SYST E-BUS MANAG JI Inf. Syst. E-Bus. Manag. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 11 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s10257-012-0189-5 PG 11 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 082SE UT WOS:000314411800001 ER PT J AU Kridel, D Dolk, D AF Kridel, Don Dolk, Daniel TI Automated self-service modeling: predictive analytics as a service SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND E-BUSINESS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Customer targeting service; Predictive analytics; Service-oriented architecture; Model management; Automated modeling ID SYSTEMS AB Research into service provision and innovation is becoming progressively more important as automated service-provision via the web matures as a technology. We describe a web-based targeting platform that uses advanced dynamic model building techniques to conduct intelligent reporting and modeling. The impact of the automated targeting services is realized through a knowledge base that drives the development of predictive model(s). The knowledge base is comprised of a rules engine that guides and evaluates the development of an automated model-building process. The template defines the model classifier (e.g., logistic regression, multinomial logit, ordinary least squares, etc.) in concert with rules for data filling and transformations. Additionally, the template also defines which variables to test ("include" rules) and which variables to retain ("keep" rules). The "final" model emerges from the iterative steps undertaken by the rules engine, and is utilized to target, or rank, the best prospects. This automated modeling approach is designed to cost-effectively assist businesses in their targeting activities-independent of the firm's size and targeting needs. We describe how the service has been utilized to provide "targeting services" for a small to medium business direct marketing campaign, and for direct sales-force targeting in a larger firm. Empirical results suggest that the automated modeling approach provides superior "service" in terms of cost and timing compared to more traditional manual service provision. C1 [Kridel, Don] Univ Missouri, Dept Econ, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Dolk, Daniel] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA USA. RP Dolk, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA USA. EM kridel@umsl.edu; drdolk@nps.edu NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 41 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-9846 J9 INF SYST E-BUS MANAG JI Inf. Syst. E-Bus. Manag. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 11 IS 1 SI SI BP 119 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s10257-011-0185-1 PG 22 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 082SE UT WOS:000314411800006 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, AK Moody, NR Holroyd, NJH Ricker, RE AF Vasudevan, A. K. Moody, N. R. Holroyd, N. J. H. Ricker, R. E. TI International Symposium on the Environmental Damage under Static and Cyclic Loads in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures-II Foreword SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Vasudevan, A. K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Moody, N. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Holroyd, N. J. H.] Luxfer Gas Cylinders, Riverside, CA USA. [Ricker, R. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 44A IS 3 BP 1163 EP 1163 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1537-2 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 082BK UT WOS:000314366500004 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, AK AF Vasudevan, A. K. TI Applied Stress Affecting the Environmentally Assisted Cracking SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Environmental Damage under Static and Cyclic Loads in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures-II CY AUG 14-19, 2011 CL Krakow, POLAND ID CORROSION CRACKING; COMPRESSIVE STRESS; HYDROGEN SOLUBILITY; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; DIFFUSION; EMBRITTLEMENT; GA; MECHANISM; SURFACES AB Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is affected by the mode of applied stress, i.e., tension, compression, or torsion. The cracking is measured in terms of initiation time to nucleate a crack or time to failure. In a simple uniaxial loading under tension or compression, it is observed that the initiation time can vary in orders of magnitude depending on the alloy and the environment. Fracture can be intergranular or transgranular or mixed mode. Factors that affect SCC are solubility of the metal into surrounding chemical solution, and diffusion rate (like hydrogen into a tensile region) of an aggressive element into the metal and liquid metallic elements in the grain boundaries. Strain hardening exponent that affects the local internal stresses and their gradients can affect the diffusion kinetics. We examine two environments (Ga and 3.5 pct NaCl) for the same alloy 7075-T651, under constant uniaxial tension and compression load. These two cases provide us application to two different governing mechanisms namely liquid metal embrittlement (7075-Ga) and hydrogen-assisted cracking (7075-NaCl). We note that, in spite of the differences in their mechanisms, both systems show similar behavior in the applied K vs crack initiation time plots. One common theme among them is the transport mechanism of a solute element to a tensile-stress region to initiate fracture. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 332,875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM vasudea@onr.navy.mil NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 44A IS 3 BP 1254 EP 1267 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1585-7 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 082BK UT WOS:000314366500011 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Lynch, S Holroyd, NJH Knight, SP Holtz, RL AF Goswami, Ramasis Lynch, Stanley Holroyd, N. J. Henry Knight, Steven P. Holtz, Ronald L. TI Evolution of Grain Boundary Precipitates in Al 7075 Upon Aging and Correlation with Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Environmental Damage under Static and Cyclic Loads in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures-II CY AUG 14-19, 2011 CL Krakow, POLAND ID ZN-MG ALLOYS; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; CU ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RETROGRESSION; MICROSTRUCTURES; CHEMISTRY; COPPER AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to investigate the microchemistry and microstructure of grain boundary precipitates in Al 7075 aged at room temperature for several hours, at 393 K (120 A degrees C) for 12 hours (under aged), at peak aged (T651) and over aged (T73) conditions. High resolution TEM analysis of precipitates at grain boundaries and fine probe energy dispersive spectrometry showed that the grain boundary precipitates at peak and over aged conditions are hexagonal eta phase with stoichiometry Mg(Cu (x) Zn1-x )(2). Considerable increase in Cu content in the grain boundary eta in the over aged condition compared to the peak aged condition was observed. The average Cu content in the over aged condition was found to be 20 at. pct. The higher Cu content of the precipitate is associated with a lower stress corrosion cracking plateau velocity. C1 [Goswami, Ramasis; Holtz, Ronald L.] USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lynch, Stanley] Def Sci & Technol Org, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Knight, Steven P.] RMIT Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6351, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramasis.goswami@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research, program officers Dr. L. Kabacoff and Dr. A. K. Vasudevan for funding this work. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 44A IS 3 BP 1268 EP 1278 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1413-0 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 082BK UT WOS:000314366500012 ER PT J AU Mikheevskiy, S Glinka, G Lee, E AF Mikheevskiy, S. Glinka, G. Lee, E. TI Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis Under Spectrum Loading in Various Environmental Conditions SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Environmental Damage under Static and Cyclic Loads in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures-II CY AUG 14-19, 2011 CL Krakow, POLAND ID HARDENING MATERIAL; DRIVING-FORCE; TIP; PARAMETERS AB The fatigue process consists, from the engineering point of view, of three stages: crack initiation, fatigue crack growth, and the final failure. It is also known that the fatigue process near notches and cracks is governed by local strains and stresses in the regions of maximum stress and strain concentrations. Therefore, the fatigue crack growth can be considered as a process of successive crack increments, and the fatigue crack initiation and subsequent growth can be modeled as one repetitive process. The assumptions mentioned above were used to derive a fatigue crack growth model based, called later as the UniGrow model, on the analysis of cyclic elastic-plastic stresses-strains near the crack tip. The fatigue crack growth rate was determined by simulating the cyclic stress-strain response in the material volume adjacent to the crack tip and calculating the accumulated fatigue damage in a manner similar to fatigue analysis of stationary notches. The fatigue crack growth driving force was derived on the basis of the stress and strain history at the crack tip and the Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) fatigue damage parameter, D = sigma(max)Delta epsilon/2. It was subsequently found that the fatigue crack growth was controlled by a two-parameter driving force in the form of a weighted product of the stress intensity range and the maximum stress intensity factor, Delta K (p) K (max) (1-p) . The effect of the internal (residual) stress induced by the reversed cyclic plasticity has been accounted for and therefore the two-parameter driving force made it possible to predict the effect of the mean stress including the influence of the applied compressive stress, tensile overloads, and variable amplitude spectrum loading. It allows estimating the fatigue life under variable amplitude loading without using crack closure concepts. Several experimental fatigue crack growth datasets obtained for the Al 7075 aluminum alloy were used for the verification of the proposed unified fatigue crack growth model. The method can be also used to predict fatigue crack growth under constant amplitude and spectrum loading in various environmental conditions such as vacuum, air, and corrosive environment providing that appropriate limited constant amplitude fatigue crack growth data obtained in the same environment are available. The proposed methodology is equally suitable for fatigue analysis of smooth, notched, and cracked components. C1 [Mikheevskiy, S.; Glinka, G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Mech Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Lee, E.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mikheevskiy, S (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Mech Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM smikheev@engmail.uwaterloo.ca RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 44A IS 3 BP 1301 EP 1310 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1577-7 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 082BK UT WOS:000314366500015 ER PT J AU Ricker, RE Lee, EU Taylor, R Lei, C Pregger, B Lipnickas, E AF Ricker, R. E. Lee, E. U. Taylor, R. Lei, C. Pregger, B. Lipnickas, E. TI Chloride Ion Activity and Susceptibility of Al Alloys 7075-T6 and 5083-H131 to Stress Corrosion Cracking SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Environmental Damage under Static and Cyclic Loads in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures-II CY AUG 14-19, 2011 CL Krakow, POLAND ID THERMODYNAMIC ACTIVITY QUANTITIES; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DISSOLUTION RATES; CLOSED SYSTEMS; AQUEOUS SODIUM; 25-DEGREES-C; COPPER; REEVALUATION; 20-DEGREES-C; PASSIVITY AB The influence of chloride ion activity on the susceptibility of aluminum alloys 5083-H131 and 7075-T6 to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was investigated by conducting slow strain-rate tensile tests at a strain-rate of 10(-7) s(-1) in naturally aerated aqueous solutions with varying NaCl mass fraction (0.001 to 20 pct) and in a 3.5 pct mass fraction NaCl solution with varying strain-rates (10(-8) to 10(-4) s(-1)). This study found that both alloys exhibited reduced strengths and failure strains (times) in the solutions compared with laboratory air. The extent of these reductions was greater in alloy 5083 for the conditions examined. The strength and ductility of both alloys decreased with chloride ion activity in a manner that indicates a chemical reaction is responsible. The strength and ductility of both alloys decreased with strain-rate in a sigmoidal manner, but the transition in alloy 7075 occurred at slower strain-rates of approximately two orders of magnitude. It was deduced that the chloride ion interacts chemically with the passivated surface in the potential gradient at the crack tip to cause SCC. While no mechanism of cracking can be eliminated on the basis of these results alone, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that the absorbed hydrogen causes cracking in alloy 7075 while cracking in 5083 is the result of a dissolution mechanism. C1 [Ricker, R. E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, E. U.; Taylor, R.; Lei, C.; Pregger, B.; Lipnickas, E.] USN, Mat Engn Div, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Ricker, RE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eun.lee@navy.mil RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 FU Office of Naval Research at the Naval Air Systems Command [N0001412AF00002] FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for supporting this investigation at the Naval Air Systems Command (Reference No. N0001412AF00002). Special thanks are due to Drs. R. Williams and A. K. Vasudevan, and Mr. W. C. Nickerson for monitoring and providing technical guidance to this study. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 44A IS 3 BP 1353 EP 1364 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1500-2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 082BK UT WOS:000314366500020 ER PT J AU Giachetti, RE Marcelli, V Cifuentes, J Rojas, JA AF Giachetti, Ronald E. Marcelli, Veronica Cifuentes, Jose Rojas, Jose A. TI An agent-based simulation model of human-robot team performance in military environments SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE agent-based simulation; teams; military operations; shared mental model; system test and evaluation ID SHARED MENTAL MODELS; DESIGN; COORDINATION AB Prior to deploying human-robot teams on military missions, system designers need to understand how design decisions affect team performance. This paper describes a multiagent simulation model that captures both team coordination and human-robot interaction. The purpose of the model is to evaluate proposed team designs in uncertain Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) scenarios and determine which design factors are most critical to team performance. The simulation model is intended to be a tool in the systems engineering iterations of proposing designs, testing them, and then evaluating them during the conceptual design phase. To illustrate the model's usefulness for this purpose, a fractional factorial design of experiments is conducted to evaluate team design factors and the two-factor interaction between controllable factors and noise factors that described the environment and robot reliability. The experimental results suggest that (1) larger teams have more robust performance over the noise factors, (2) robot reliability is critical to the formation of human-robot teams, and (3) high centralization of decision-making authority created communication bottlenecks at the commander in large teams. This work contributes to the agent-based modeling of teams, and to understanding how the U.S. Army can attain its goal of greater utilization of robots in future military operations. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 15 C1 [Giachetti, Ronald E.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Marcelli, Veronica; Cifuentes, Jose; Rojas, Jose A.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33174 USA. RP Giachetti, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM regiache@nps.edu FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory through the University of Central Florida [W911NF-06-2-0041] FX Contract grant sponsor: U.S. Army Research Laboratory through the University of Central Florida and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-06-2-0041 NR 70 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1098-1241 EI 1520-6858 J9 SYSTEMS ENG JI Syst. Eng. PD SPR PY 2013 VL 16 IS 1 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1002/sys.21216 PG 14 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 076VT UT WOS:000313987700002 ER PT J AU Thomas, LD Hanley, JM Rhatigan, JL Neubek, D AF Thomas, L. Dale Hanley, Jeffrey M. Rhatigan, Jennifer L. Neubek, Deborah TI NASA's Constellation Program: The final word SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE program management; requirements development; system design methodologies; risk informed design; decision making AB NASA's Constellation Program, formulated in 2005 to achieve the objectives of maintaining American presence in low Earth orbit, returning to the Moon for purpose of establishing an outpost, and exploring Mars and beyond in the first half of the 21st century, was cancelled in 2010 [US Congress, NASA Authorization Act, Public Law 11-267, 2010]. This paper describes the lessons learned developed by the staff of the Constellation Program to advise future programs, as well as program and system engineering managers of similar national efforts. These lessons learned are offered by those who experienced the day-to-day challenges of managing an effort planned as a multidecade undertaking. This effort spanned all 10 NASA Centers, multiple large-scale acquisitions, and required modernizing an infrastructure designed and sized largely for the Apollo program in the 1960s. Moreover, it required leading a workforce generationally removed from the previous human spacecraft launch and entry development challenges. Key lessons learned from the Constellation Program are addressed and cover program elements in which systems engineers provide leadership and/or assistance to program management, including program planning, requirements development, system design methodology, management structure, decision-making, and communications in a national program. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 16: C1 [Thomas, L. Dale] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Hanley, Jeffrey M.; Rhatigan, Jennifer L.; Neubek, Deborah] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Rhatigan, JL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dale.thomas@nasa.gov; jeffrey.m.hanley@nasa.gov; jennifer.l.rhatigan@nasa.gov; debo-rah.j.neubek@nasa.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1098-1241 J9 SYSTEMS ENG JI Syst. Eng. PD SPR PY 2013 VL 16 IS 1 BP 71 EP 86 DI 10.1002/sys.21219 PG 16 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 076VT UT WOS:000313987700005 ER PT J AU Blackwell, WJ Adams, IS AF Blackwell, William J. Adams, Ian S. TI The IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing (FARS) Technical Committee SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 [Blackwell, William J.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Adams, Ian S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blackwell, WJ (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-6831 J9 IEEE GEOSC REM SEN M JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Mag. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 1 IS 1 BP 59 EP 61 DI 10.1109/MGRS.2013.2244698 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V45AR UT WOS:000209790000005 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR Gochenour, Z AF Henderson, David R. Gochenour, Zachary TI War and Presidential Greatness SO INDEPENDENT REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 [Henderson, David R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Henderson, David R.] Stanford Univ, Hoover Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gochenour, Zachary] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Henderson, DR (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDEPENDENT INST PI OAKLAND PA 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 USA SN 1086-1653 J9 INDEP REV JI Indep. Rev. PD SPR PY 2013 VL 17 IS 4 BP 505 EP 516 PG 12 WC Economics; Political Science SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA AQ4RI UT WOS:000342787000002 ER PT J AU Truscott, TT Belden, J Nielson, JR Daily, DJ Thomson, SL AF Truscott, Tadd T. Belden, Jesse Nielson, Joseph R. Daily, David J. Thomson, Scott L. TI Determining 3D Flow Fields via Multi-camera Light Field Imaging SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Physics; Issue 73; Mechanical Engineering; Fluid Mechanics; Engineering; synthetic aperture imaging; light field; camera array; particle image velocimetry; three dimensional; vector fields; image processing; auto calibration; vocal chords; bubbles; flow; fluids AB In the field of fluid mechanics, the resolution of computational schemes has outpaced experimental methods and widened the gap between predicted and observed phenomena in fluid flows. Thus, a need exists for an accessible method capable of resolving three-dimensional (3D) data sets for a range of problems. We present a novel technique for performing quantitative 3D imaging of many types of flow fields. The 3D technique enables investigation of complicated velocity fields and bubbly flows. Measurements of these types present a variety of challenges to the instrument. For instance, optically dense bubbly multiphase flows cannot be readily imaged by traditional, non-invasive flow measurement techniques due to the bubbles occluding optical access to the interior regions of the volume of interest. By using Light Field Imaging we are able to reparameterize images captured by an array of cameras to reconstruct a 3D volumetric map for every time instance, despite partial occlusions in the volume. The technique makes use of an algorithm known as synthetic aperture (SA) refocusing, whereby a 3D focal stack is generated by combining images from several cameras post-capture (1). Light Field Imaging allows for the capture of angular as well as spatial information about the light rays, and hence enables 3D scene reconstruction. Quantitative information can then be extracted from the 3D reconstructions using a variety of processing algorithms. In particular, we have developed measurement methods based on Light Field Imaging for performing 3D particle image velocimetry (PIV), extracting bubbles in a 3D field and tracking the boundary of a flickering flame. We present the fundamentals of the Light Field Imaging methodology in the context of our setup for performing 3DPIV of the airflow passing over a set of synthetic vocal folds, and show representative results from application of the technique to a bubble-entraining plunging jet. C1 [Truscott, Tadd T.; Nielson, Joseph R.; Daily, David J.; Thomson, Scott L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Belden, Jesse] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Truscott, TT (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM truscott@byu.edu FU NSF grant CMMI [1126862]; In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) funds; NIH/NIDCD [R01DC009616]; University of Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT); Rocky Mountain NASA Space Grant Consortium FX We would like to thank NSF grant CMMI #1126862 for funding the equipment and development of the synthetic aperture algorithms at BYU, In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) funds (monitored by Dr. Tony Ruffa) for funding the equipment and development at NUWC Newport, and NIH/NIDCD grant R01DC009616 for funding SLT, DJD and JRN and data relating to the vocal fold experiments and the University of Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT) for partial support of SLT. Finally, the Rocky Mountain NASA Space Grant Consortium for funding JRN. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD MAR PY 2013 IS 73 AR UNSP e4325 DI 10.3791/4325 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V36QW UT WOS:000209226900005 PM 23486112 ER PT J AU Springborg, R AF Springborg, Robert TI GCC Countries as "Rentier States" Revisited SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Review C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Springborg, R (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MIDDLE EAST INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N ST NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD SPR PY 2013 VL 67 IS 2 BP 301 EP 309 DI 10.3751/67.2.3 PG 9 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA AG2UT UT WOS:000335273300008 ER PT J AU Hubbard, M Barrick, D Garfield, N Pettigrew, J Ohlmann, C Gough, M AF Hubbard, Maxwell Barrick, Donald Garfield, Newell Pettigrew, Jim Ohlmann, Carter Gough, Matthew TI A New Method for Estimating High-Frequency Radar Error Using Data from Central San Francisco Bay SO OCEAN SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HF radar; remote sensing; surface currents; sensor calibration; drifter; instrument bias ID SURFACE CURRENT MEASUREMENTS; HF RADAR; CURRENTS AB This study offers a new method for estimating High-Frequency (HF) radar surface current velocity error in data comparisons with other types of instrumentation. A new method is needed in order to remove the zero-mean random spatial and temporal fluctuations present in surface-current measurements from all sensors. Conventional methods for calculating radar error when comparing with another instrument have included their root mean square differences and scatter plots that provide correlation coefficient and slope/intercept of the regression line. It seems that a meaningful estimate of radar error should attempt to remove both sensors' zero mean random fluctuations, inasmuch as possible. We offer and compare a method that does this. The method was tested on data collected in the Central San Francisco Bay, where GPS surface-drifter deployments were conducted within the coverage of four 42 MHz radars over six days in October of 2008. Drifters were continuously deployed in these areas over the sampling days, providing 525 usable drifter measurements. Drifter and radar measurements were averaged into thirty-minute time bins. The three-day long-term averages from the sampling areas were then subtracted from the thirtyminute averages to remove biases associated with comparisons done with short, disjoint time-sample periods. These were then used to develop methods that give radar error or bias after the random fluctuations have been removed. Results for error estimates in this study are commensurate with others where random fluctuations have been filtered, suggesting they are valid. The estimated error for the radars in the SF Bay is low, ranging from -7.57 cm/s to 0.59 cm/s. C1 [Hubbard, Maxwell; Barrick, Donald] CODAR Ocean Sensors Ltd, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Garfield, Newell; Pettigrew, Jim] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Ohlmann, Carter] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gough, Matthew] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Barrick, D (reprint author), CODAR Ocean Sensors Ltd, 1914 Plymouth St, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM don@codar.com NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREA OCEAN RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT INST PI SEOUL PA P O BOX 29, SEOUL, 425-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-5261 EI 2005-7172 J9 OCEAN SCI J JI Ocean Sci. J. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1007/s12601-013-0009-y PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AG4ON UT WOS:000335399800009 ER PT J AU Chen, W Gao, BC AF Chen, Wei Gao, Bo-Cai TI A Multispectral Decomposition Technique for the Recovery of True Sea WiFS Top-of-Atmosphere Radiances SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Multispectral decomposition transform (MDT) corrections; out-of-band (OOB) corrections; OOB effects; OOB responses; spectral bandpass correction ID OCEAN AB A method for correcting the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) out-of-band (OOB) effects in the Level-1B radiance data product through a multispectral decomposition transform (MDT) is described. The crosstalk information contained in multichannel spectral radiometer data provides the possibility of using the MDT technique to make the corrections. An MDT matrix for the SeaWiFS optical system is derived from the laboratory-measured filter transmittance functions. The OOB correction can be performed by a product between the SeaWiFS MDT matrix and a multispectral image vector. Performance of the SeaWiFS MDT method for the OOB correction is demonstrated by simulation results using hyperspectral data measured with both the AVIRIS and Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean sensors. This OOB correction technique is very different from that currently implemented in the operational SeaWiFS data-processing software package. C1 [Chen, Wei; Gao, Bo-Cai] USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Code 7230, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wei.chen@nrl.navy.mil; bgao@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; Joint Polar Satellite System of NOAA and NASA FX Manuscript received March 19, 2012; revised May 18, 2012 and May 21, 2012; accepted June 1, 2012. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research and the Joint Polar Satellite System of NOAA and NASA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 10 IS 2 BP 288 EP 292 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2012.2203293 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 034VS UT WOS:000310901600017 ER PT J AU Lewis, TG AF Lewis, Ted G. TI Cognitive stigmergy: A study of emergence in small-group social networks SO COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stigmergy; Self-organization; Emergence; Social network analysis; Betweeness; Small world ID SCALE-FREE NETWORKS; WORLD-WIDE-WEB; COMPLEX NETWORKS; HISTORY AB This paper proposes a model and theory of leadership emergence whereby (1) small social groups are modeled as small world networks and a betweeness metric is shown to be a property of networks with strong leadership, and (2) a theory of group formation based on stigmergy explains how such networks evolve and form. Specifically, dominant actors are observed to emerge from simulations of artificial termites constructing a wood chip network in a random walk, suggesting a correlation between various preferential attachment rules and emergent network topologies. Three attachment rules are studied: maximizing node betweeness (intermediary power), maximizing node degree (node connectivity), and limiting radius (size of the network in terms of network distance). The simulation results suggest that a preference for maximizing betweeness produces networks with structure similar to the 62-node 9-11 terrorist network. Further simulations of emergent networks with small world properties (small radius) and high betweeness centrality (strong leader) are shown to match the topological structure of the 9-11 terrorist network, also. Interestingly, the same properties are not found in a small sampling of human made physical infrastructure networks such as power grids, transportation systems, water and pipeline networks, suggesting a difference between social network emergence and physical infrastructure emergence. Additionally, a contagion model is applied to random and structured networks to understand the dynamics of anti-leader sentiment (uprisings and counter-movements that challenge the status quo). For random networks, simulated pro-leader (pro-government) and anti-leader (pro-rebel) sentiments are propagated throughout a social network like opposing diseases to determine which sentiment eventually prevails. Simulations of the rise of rebel sentiment versus the ratio of rebel to government sentiment show that rebel sentiment rises on less than 100% rebel/government sentiment when government sentiment is high (strong leadership), but requires greater than 100% rebel/government sentiment when government sentiment is low (weak leadership). However, when applied to the structured 9-11 terrorist network, rebel sentiment is slow to rise against strong leadership, because of the high betweeness structure of the 9-11 network. These results suggest a theory of how and why human stigmergy evolves networks with strong leaders, and why successful social networks are resilient against anti-leader sentiment. The author concludes that a combination of small world and high betweeness structure explain how social networks emerge strong leadership structure and why the resulting networks are resilient against being overthrown by a dissenting majority. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Homeland Def & Secur, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lewis, TG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Homeland Def & Secur, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tlewis@nps.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-0417 J9 COGN SYST RES JI Cogn. Syst. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 21 BP 7 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.cogsys.2012.06.002 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 031MC UT WOS:000310643900002 ER PT J AU Krall, J Huba, JD Fritts, DC AF Krall, J. Huba, J. D. Fritts, D. C. TI On the seeding of equatorial spread F by gravity waves SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL WINDS; THERMOSPHERE; IRREGULARITIES; TEMPERATURE; IONOSPHERE; REGION AB The Naval Research Laboratory three-dimensional simulation code SAMI3/ESF is used to study the response of the postsunset ionosphere to plane gravity waves. The effect of the vertical wind component of the wave is included as well as the effect of the background vertical wind, which can suppress equatorial spread F (ESF). It is shown that the strength of the coupling of the gravity wave to ESF increases with the vertical wavelength of the gravity wave. Long vertical wavelength modes (lambda > 100 km) are more effective for seeding ESF. Citation: Krall, J., J. D. Huba, and D. C. Fritts (2013), On the seeding of equatorial spread F by gravity waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 661-664, doi:10.1002/grl.50144. C1 [Krall, J.; Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fritts, D. C.] GATS Inc, Boulder Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Krall, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.krall@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Funds; NASA [NNH11CC67C, NNH12CC04C] FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Funds and NASA (JK and JDH), and NASA contracts NNH11CC67C and NNH12CC04C (DF). NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 4 BP 661 EP 664 DI 10.1002/GRL.50144 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 129IE UT WOS:000317831800001 ER PT J AU Tsai, HC Elsberry, RL AF Tsai, Hsiao-Chung Elsberry, Russell L. TI Detection of tropical cyclone track changes from the ECMWF ensemble prediction system SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL ENSEMBLE; FORECASTS; CONSENSUS AB A cluster analysis of the 51 member European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts ensemble forecast tracks of existing tropical storms from the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble archive is utilized to detect multiple track solutions, and weighted-mean vector motion (WMVM) tracks are calculated for the ensemble tracks and for the individual track clusters. When three track clusters were present, larger errors occurred in the corresponding deterministic model forecast. Reliability of the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts ensemble forecast tracks when two distinct clusters exist is examined in terms of the hit rates when the cluster with the larger number of members is selected. A larger hit rate is achieved if track clusters with at least 70%, 80%, or 90% of the members are selected. In these situations, the forecaster can select the WMVM tracks for those clusters and have confidence that a more accurate track than the overall WMVM track will generally be predicted. Citation: Tsai, H.-C., and R. L. Elsberry (2013), Detection of tropical cyclone track changes from the ECMWF ensemble prediction system, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 797-801, doi: 10.1002/grl.50172. C1 [Tsai, Hsiao-Chung; Elsberry, Russell L.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Elsberry@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section FX Hsiao-Chung Tsai is a National Research Council post-doc at the Naval Postgraduate School. He and Russell Elsberry are supported by the Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section. Mrs. Penny Jones provided skillful manuscript preparation assistance. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 4 BP 797 EP 801 DI 10.1002/grl.50172 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 129IE UT WOS:000317831800025 ER PT J AU Hou, WL Jarosz, E Woods, S Goode, W Weidemann, A AF Hou, Weilin Jarosz, Ewa Woods, Sarah Goode, Wesley Weidemann, Alan TI Impacts of underwater turbulence on acoustical and optical signals and their linkage SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC TURBULENCE; SCATTERING; MICROSTRUCTURE; POLARIZATION; TEMPERATURE; RESTORATION; VISIBILITY; IMAGES; MODEL AB Acoustical and optical signal transmission underwater is of vital interest for both civilian and military applications. The range and signal to noise during the transmission, as a function of system and water optical properties, in terms of absorption and scattering, determines the effectiveness of deployed electro-optical (EO) technology. The impacts from turbulence have been demonstrated to affect system performance comparable to those from particles by recent studies. This paper examines the impacts from underwater turbulence on both acoustic scattering and EO imaging degradation, and establishes a framework that can be used to correlate these. It is hypothesized here that underwater turbulence would influence the acoustic scattering cross section and the optical turbulence intensity coefficient in a similar manner. Data from a recent field campaign, Skaneateles Optical Turbulence Exercise (SOTEX, July, 2010) is used to examine the above relationship. Results presented here show strong correlation between the acoustic scattering cross-sections and the intensity coefficient related to the modulation transfer function of an EO imaging system. This significant finding will pave ways to utilize long range acoustical returns to predict EO system performance. (C)2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Hou, Weilin; Jarosz, Ewa; Woods, Sarah; Goode, Wesley; Weidemann, Alan] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hou, WL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM hou@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 25 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 4 BP 4367 EP 4375 DI 10.1364/OE.21.004367 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 104KU UT WOS:000315992600043 PM 23481970 ER PT J AU Katzir, Y Ferber, Y Penano, R Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P Zigler, A AF Katzir, Y. Ferber, Y. Penano, R. Hubbard, R. F. Sprangle, P. Zigler, A. TI Boron Nitride plasma micro lens for high intensity laser pre-pulse suppression SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL CONTRAST; FEMTOSECOND; PROPAGATION AB We demonstrate that amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and pre-pulses for high power lasers can be suppressed by propagating the pulse through a boron nitride plasma microlens. The microlens is created by ablating a boron-nitride (BN) disk with a central hole using an Nd:YAG laser. The plasma lens produced in the ablation process exhibits different focal lengths for the high intensity main pulse and low intensity pre-pulse that increases the main pulse/pre-pulse contrast ratio by one order of magnitude while maintaining high transmittance of the pulse energy. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Katzir, Y.; Ferber, Y.; Zigler, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Penano, R.; Hubbard, R. F.; Sprangle, P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Katzir, Y (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM yiftach.katzir@mail.huji.ac.il NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 25 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 4 BP 5077 EP 5085 DI 10.1364/OE.21.005077 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 104KU UT WOS:000315992600115 PM 23482042 ER PT J AU Goldbogen, JA Calambokidis, J Friedlaender, AS Francis, J DeRuiter, SL Stimpert, AK Falcone, E Southall, BL AF Goldbogen, Jeremy A. Calambokidis, John Friedlaender, Ari S. Francis, John DeRuiter, Stacy L. Stimpert, Alison K. Falcone, Erin Southall, Brandon L. TI Underwater acrobatics by the world's largest predator: 360 degrees rolling manoeuvres by lunge-feeding blue whales SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mysticeti; manoeuvrability; foraging ID RORQUAL WHALES; FIN WHALES; BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE; KINEMATICS; MECHANICS; CAPACITY; WATER; SIZE; TAG AB The extreme body size of blue whales requires a high energy intake and therefore demands efficient foraging strategies. As an obligate lunge feeder on aggregations of small zooplankton, blue whales engulf a large volume of prey-laden water in a single, rapid gulp. The efficiency of this feeding mechanism is strongly dependent on the amount of prey that can be captured during each lunge, yet food resources tend to be patchily distributed in both space and time. Here, we measured the three-dimensional kinematics and foraging behaviour of blue whales feeding on krill, using suction-cup attached multi-sensor tags. Our analyses revealed 3608 rolling lunge-feeding manoeuvres that reorient the body and position the lower jaws so that a krill patch can be engulfed with the whale's body inverted. We also recorded these rolling behaviours when whales were in a searching mode in between lunges, suggesting that this behaviour also enables the whale to visually process the prey field and maximize foraging efficiency by surveying for the densest prey aggregations. These results reveal the complex manoeuvrability that is required for large rorqual whales to exploit prey patches and highlight the need to fully understand the three-dimensional interactions between predator and prey in the natural environment. C1 [Goldbogen, Jeremy A.; Calambokidis, John; Falcone, Erin] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari S.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Francis, John] Natl Geog, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [DeRuiter, Stacy L.] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Stimpert, Alison K.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari S.; Southall, Brandon L.] Southall Environm Associates, Aptos, CA 95003 USA. RP Goldbogen, JA (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 218,1-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM jgoldbogen@gmail.com NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 AR 20120986 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0986 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 070MB UT WOS:000313509400046 PM 23193050 ER PT J AU Foos, EE AF Foos, Edward E. TI The Complex Interaction of Spectroscopic Shifts and Electronic Properties in Semiconductor Nanocrystal Films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOTS; BINARY NANOPARTICLE SUPERLATTICES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PBSE NANOCRYSTALS; SURFACE LIGANDS; THIN-FILMS; SOLIDS; EXCITON; PHOTOVOLTAICS; CONFINEMENT AB Absorption spectroscopy has traditionally served as a powerful technique for the study of solution synthesized semiconductor nanocrystals, enabling information on the size, dispersity, concentration, and overall quality of a sample to be obtained quickly and easily. When thin, densely packed films of these materials are produced through ligand exchange, spectroscopic shifts to both higher and lower energy are observed. Reduction of the internanocrystal distance can result in both a change to the overall dielectric constant of the film as well as increased electronic coupling, producing a redshift. At the same time, surface oxidation has the effect of increasing the confinement, producing a blueshift. This Perspective focuses on PbSe, a material of current interest, and the potential for correlating these spectroscopic shifts to optoelectronic properties, highlighting both recent work in the literature and areas in need of additional study. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Foos, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is gratefully acknowledged for financial support of this work. In addition, Drs. J. Boercker, W. Heuer (USNA), A. Smith, J. Tischler, and W. Yoon are acknowledged for many helpful discussions and contributions to the carboxylic acid work conducted at NRL. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD FEB 21 PY 2013 VL 4 IS 4 BP 625 EP 632 DI 10.1021/jz3021364 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 096VE UT WOS:000315432000013 PM 26281877 ER PT J AU Kruger, AJ Richter, MJ Carr, JS Najita, JR Moerchen, MM Doppmann, GW Seifahrt, A AF Kruger, Andrew J. Richter, Matthew J. Carr, John S. Najita, Joan R. Moerchen, Margaret M. Doppmann, Greg W. Seifahrt, Andreas TI THE CURIOUS CASE OF GLASS I: HIGH IONIZATION AND VARIABILITY OF DIFFERENT TYPES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; infrared: stars; protoplanetary disks; stars: individual (Glass I); stars: pre-main sequence ID T-TAURI STARS; IRRADIATED PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; YOUNG CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; STRUCTURE LINE EMISSION; CHAMELEON DARK CLOUD; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; SYMBIOTIC STARS; FORMING REGION; NE-II AB Our Spitzer IRS observation of the infrared companion Glass Ib revealed fine-structure emission with high ionization ([Ne III]/[Ne II] = 2.1 and [S IV]/[S III] = 0.6) that indicates that the gas is likely illuminated by hard radiation. While models suggest that extreme-ultraviolet radiation could be present in T Tauri stars, this is the first detection of [S IV] and such a high [Ne III]/[Ne II] ratio in a young star. We also find that Glass Ib displays the molecules HCN, CO2, and H2O in emission. Here we investigate the Glass I binary system and consider possible mechanisms that may have caused the high ionization, whether from an outflow or disk irradiation. We also model the spectral energy distributions of Glass Ia and Ib to test if the system is a young member of the Chameleon I star-forming region, and we consider other possible classifications for the system. We find that Glass Ib is highly variable, showing changes in continuum strength and emission features at optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared wavelengths. The optical light curve indicates that a central stellar component in Glass Ib became entirely visible for 2.5 years beginning in mid-2002 and possibly displayed periodic variability with repeated, short-period dimming during that time. As the fine-structure emission was not detected in observations before or after our Spitzer IRS observation, we explore whether the variable nature of Glass Ib is related to the gas being highly ionized, possibly due to variable accretion or an X-ray flare. C1 [Kruger, Andrew J.] Wilbur Wright Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60634 USA. [Richter, Matthew J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Carr, John S.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Najita, Joan R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Moerchen, Margaret M.] European So Observ, Santiago 3107, Chile. [Moerchen, Margaret M.] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Doppmann, Greg W.] WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Seifahrt, Andreas] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kruger, AJ (reprint author), Wilbur Wright Coll, Dept Phys Sci, 4300 N Narragansett Ave, Chicago, IL 60634 USA. FU National Science Foundation [AST-0708074]; NASA through contract RSA issued by JPL/Caltech [1346810]; NASA FX We thank Serge Correia, Giles Novak, Kevin Volk, John Lacy, and the anonymous reviewer for their constructive help, comments, and suggestions. Support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant No. AST-0708074, and by NASA through contract RSA No. 1346810, issued by JPL/Caltech. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Gemini Observatory, and the ESO Telescope at the Paranal Observatory under programme IDs 072.A-9005(A), 072.A-9016(A), 075.C-0335(A), and 084.C-1095(A). The Spitzer Space Telescope is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. The Gemini Observatory is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Science and Technology FacilitiesCouncil (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia (Brazil), and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Productiva (Argentina). This paper has also made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Basic research in infrared astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2013 VL 764 IS 2 AR 127 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/764/2/127 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 088CY UT WOS:000314812600015 ER PT J AU Patsourakos, S Vourlidas, A Stenborg, G AF Patsourakos, S. Vourlidas, A. Stenborg, G. TI DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR A FAST CORONAL MASS EJECTION DRIVEN BY THE PRIOR FORMATION AND SUBSEQUENT DESTABILIZATION OF A MAGNETIC FLUX ROPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; SOLAR-FLARES; ENERGY-RELEASE; FILAMENT ERUPTIONS; ACCELERATION PHASE; CAVITY; MODEL; PROMINENCE; CME; RECONNECTION AB Magnetic flux ropes play a central role in the physics of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Although a flux-rope topology is inferred for the majority of coronagraphic observations of CMEs, a heated debate rages on whether the flux ropes pre-exist or whether they are formed on-the-fly during the eruption. Here, we present a detailed analysis of extreme-ultraviolet observations of the formation of a flux rope during a confined flare followed about 7 hr later by the ejection of the flux rope and an eruptive flare. The two flares occurred during 2012 July 18 and 19. The second event unleashed a fast (>1000 km s(-1)) CME. We present the first direct evidence of a fast CME driven by the prior formation and destabilization of a coronal magnetic flux rope formed during the confined flare on July 18. C1 [Patsourakos, S.] Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Sect Astrogeophys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Vourlidas, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stenborg, G.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci SPACS, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Patsourakos, S (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Sect Astrogeophys, POB 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 FU European Union; Greek national funds through the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)-Research Funding Program: Thales; FP7 Marie Curie Grant [FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG/268288]; NASA [S-136361-Y, NNX11AD40G] FX The AIA data used here are courtesy of SDO (NASA) and the AIA consortium. We thank the AIA team for the easy access to calibrated data. We thank the referee for useful comments on the manuscript and S. K. Antiochos, J. T. Karpen, S. Lukin, and J. Zhang for useful discussions. The SECCHI data are courtesy of STEREO and the SECCHI consortium. This research has been partly co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund; ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)-Research Funding Program: Thales. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund. S. P. acknowledges support from an FP7 Marie Curie Grant (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG/268288). A. V. is supported by NASA contract S-136361-Y to the Naval Research Laboratory. The work of G. S. was partly funded by NASA contract NNX11AD40G. NR 89 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2013 VL 764 IS 2 AR 125 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/764/2/125 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 088CY UT WOS:000314812600013 ER PT J AU Hartley, DJ Janssens, RVF Riedinger, LL Riley, MA Wang, X Miller, S Ayangeakaa, AD Bertone, PF Carpenter, MP Chiara, CJ Chowdhury, P Garg, U Gurdal, G Hota, SS Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Ma, WC Matta, J McCutchan, EA Mukhopadhyay, S Pedicini, EE Vanhoy, JR Zhu, S AF Hartley, D. J. Janssens, R. V. F. Riedinger, L. L. Riley, M. A. Wang, X. Miller, S. Ayangeakaa, A. D. Bertone, P. F. Carpenter, M. P. Chiara, C. J. Chowdhury, P. Garg, U. Guerdal, G. Hota, S. S. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. Ma, W. C. Matta, J. McCutchan, E. A. Mukhopadhyay, S. Pedicini, E. E. Vanhoy, J. R. Zhu, S. TI Multiple band structures in Re-169,Re-170: Search for the wobbling mode in Re-169, and residual-interaction analysis of structures in Re-170 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN STRUCTURE; COINCIDENCE DATA; BETA-DECAY; EXCITATIONS; NUCLEI; CONFIGURATION; ISOTOPES; LU-165; PHONON AB Although the observation of wobbling was once thought to be possibly confined to lutetium isotopes in N approximate to 94 nuclei, the identification of this exotic collective mode in Ta-167 has raised the question of the role of the proton Fermi surface with regard to this phenomenon. To investigate this issue, an experiment was performed to populate high-spin states in the N = 94 nucleus Re-169. The heavy-ion reaction Mn-55 + Sn-118 was used in conjunction with Gammasphere to detect the emitted gamma rays. More than 130 new transitions were added to the Re-169 level scheme, including the first identification of the pi i(13/2) rotational sequence in this nucleus. This configuration is the structure on which all known wobbling sequences are based, but no wobbling band was observed, likely owing to the fact that the pi i(13/2) sequence is located at a relatively high energy in comparison with the other structures found in Re-169. Nine decay sequences are now established in this nucleus and are described within the context of the cranked shell model. In addition, significant extension of the level scheme of the odd-odd Re-170 nucleus was possible and a discussion of the residual interactions for the pi h(9/2)nu i(13/2) and pi i(13/2)nu i(13/2) configurations in this region is given as well. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.87.024315 C1 [Hartley, D. J.; Pedicini, E. E.; Vanhoy, J. R.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Janssens, R. V. F.; Bertone, P. F.; Carpenter, M. P.; Chiara, C. J.; Lauritsen, T.; McCutchan, E. A.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Riedinger, L. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Riley, M. A.; Wang, X.; Miller, S.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Ayangeakaa, A. D.; Garg, U.; Matta, J.; Mukhopadhyay, S.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Chiara, C. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chiara, C. J.; Guerdal, G.; Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chowdhury, P.; Hota, S. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Ma, W. C.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Hartley, DJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Ayangeakaa, Akaa/F-3683-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Ayangeakaa, Akaa/0000-0003-1679-3175 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-1203100, PHY-0754674, PHY10-68192]; US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-94ER40848, DE-FG02-96ER40983, DE-FG02-94ER40834] FX The authors thank the ANL operations staff at Gammasphere and gratefully acknowledge the efforts of J. P. Greene for target preparation. We thank D. C. Radford and H. Q. Jin for their software support. This work is funded by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. PHY-1203100 (USNA), No. PHY-0754674 (FSU), and No. PHY10-68192 (ND), as well as by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL), No. DE-FG02-94ER40848 (UML), No. DE-FG02-96ER40983 (UT), and No. DE-FG02-94ER40834 (UMCP). NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB 20 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 2 AR 024315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.87.024315 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 092UI UT WOS:000315148000003 ER PT J AU Kamykowski, D Pridgen, KG Morrison, JM McCulloch, AA Nyadjro, ES Thomas, CA Sinclair, GA AF Kamykowski, D. Pridgen, K. Grabowski Morrison, J. M. McCulloch, A. A. Nyadjro, E. S. Thomas, C. A. Sinclair, G. A. TI Cold front induced changes on the Florida panhandle shelf during October 2008 SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Karenia brevis; Pycnocline erosion; Winter mixing; Hydrographic transition; Pigment taxonomy; Gulf of Mexico ID KARENIA-BREVIS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CLASS ABUNDANCES; HPLC MEASUREMENTS; PHYTOPLANKTON; CIRCULATION; SEDIMENTS; CHEMTAX; GROWTH; DINOFLAGELLATE AB A significant step transition between seasonally stratified and destratified hydrographic conditions occurred during an October 2008 cruise to the Florida Panhandle Shelf along a cross-shelf transect that was sampled before and after a cold front passed through the area. Meteorological measurements from nearby ocean and land-based stations characterized the event. Cross-shelf continuous Acrobat profiles and discrete CTD stations characterized water column hydrographic patterns, while mid-shelf multicorer and box corer samples characterized sediment texture and nutrients. Water samples collected from selected depths biased toward the sediment interface were analyzed for nutrient content and phytoplankton community composition. Pre-front, the cross-shelf water column exhibited vertical stratification with complex temperature and salinity patterns. A prominent near-bottom chlorophyll a maximum of similar to 1.5 mu g L-1 between the 25-35 m isobaths occurred with the 1% light level at similar to 18 m depth and a near-bottom nitrate+nitrite (NO3-+NO2-) maximum >3 mu M between the 30-40 m isobaths. HPLC-determined phytoplankton community composition in the near-bottom chlorophyll a maximum consisted of gyroxanthin-containing dinoflagellates (Karenia brevis) and less abundant diatoms, both verified by FlowCAM analysis, mixed with detectable cryptophytes and chlorophytes. Sediment trends based on limited core replicates suggested the sediments were a potential source of nutrients to near-bottom populations of K. brevis and that shell hash could provide abundant pore space for K. brevis incursions. Between the 40-50 m isobaths, diatoms, cryptophytes and chlorophytes dominated near-bottom, gyroxanthin-containing dinoflagellates and prasinophytes occurred throughout the water column, and cyanophytes dominated near-surface. Post-front, the cross-shelf water column exhibited destratification with temperature and salinity increasing offshore. A chlorophyll a maximum of similar to 0.75 mu g Chl a L-1 left the sediment between 25-35 m isobaths and extended offshore especially in the lower water column with the 1% light level at similar to 15 m depth and NO3-+NO2- concentrations similar to 2 mu M to the 60 m isobath. HPLC-determined phytoplankton community composition of the offshore plume retained the signature of gyroxanthin-containing dinoflagellates and chlorophytes. Between the 30-50 m isobaths, prasinophytes increased in the lower water column, while cyanophytes increased at all depths across the shelf. The observed step transition from stratification to destratification on the Florida Panhandle Shelf contributed to altered phytoplankton community patterns in response to predominant downwelling favorable winds. Pre-front, K. brevis cells were broadly distributed cross-shelf, but concentrated near-bottom between the 25-35 m isobaths and staged for prolific bloom seeding in response to the upwelling favorable west winds more typical of spring-summer. Post-front, K. brevis cells were mixed throughout the mid-shelf water column and were staged for diffuse bloom seeding in response to either the downwelling or upwelling favorable winds occurring fall-winter. Cyanophytes located predominantly near-surface offshore pre-front, were ubiquitous cross-shelf and more closely associated with K. brevis post-front. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kamykowski, D.; Thomas, C. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pridgen, K. Grabowski] USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Morrison, J. M.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [McCulloch, A. A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Nyadjro, E. S.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Sinclair, G. A.] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Defelice Ctr, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. RP Kamykowski, D (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dkamyko@ncsu.edu FU NSF [OCE-0726271] FX NSF grant OCE-0726271 awarded to Kamykowski/Janowitz/ Thomas/Morrison supported the work. We thank the R/V Pelican crew and the LUMCON staff for their help and cooperation. PAR data were obtained from National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Estuarine Research Reserve System-wide Monitoring Program, Centralized Data Management Office, Baruch Marine Field Lab, University of South Carolina (http:// cdmo.baruch.sc.edu). Air pressure, wind speed and water temperature measured at NOAA Buoy (NB) 42039 (29.212 degrees N 88.207 degrees W) were obtained from U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Weather Service, National Data Buoy Center (http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/). HPLC samples were run in the laboratory of Dr. J.L. Pinckney, University of South Carolina. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 54 BP 52 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2012.12.006 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 106RV UT WOS:000316163300005 ER PT J AU Peterson, D Wang, J Ichoku, C Hyer, E Ambrosia, V AF Peterson, David Wang, Jun Ichoku, Charles Hyer, Edward Ambrosia, Vincent TI A sub-pixel-based calculation of fire radiative power from MODIS observations: 1 Algorithm development and initial assessment SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire; Wildfire; Biomass burning; Fire radiative power (FRP); MODIS; Fire area; Fire temperature; Sub-pixel; Fire detection; Airborne ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; INFRARED DATA; SENSOR DATA; EOS-MODIS; SATELLITE; TEMPERATURE; AVHRR; PRODUCTS; WILDFIRE AB Developed as a quantitative measurement of fire intensity, fire radiative power (FRP) and the potential applications to smoke plume injection heights, are currently limited by the pixel resolution of a satellite sensor. As a result, this study, the first in a two-part series, develops a new sub-pixel-based calculation of fire radiative power (FRPf) for fire pixels detected at 1 km(2) nominal spatial resolution by the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire detection algorithm (collection 5), which is subsequently applied to several large wildfire events in California. The methodology stems from the heritage of earlier bi-spectral retrievals of sub-pixel fire area and temperature. However, in the current investigation, a radiative transfer model is incorporated to remove solar effects and account for atmospheric effects as a function of Earth-satellite geometry at 3.96 and 11 mu m (MODIS fire detection channels). The retrieved sub-pixel fire (flaming) area is assessed via the multispectral, high-resolution data (3-50 m) obtained from the Autonomous Modular Sensor (AMS), flown aboard the NASA Ikhana unmanned aircraft. With fire sizes ranging from 0.001 to 0.02 km(2), pixel-level fire area comparisons between MODIS and AMS are highly variable, regardless of the viewing zenith angle, and show a low bias with a modest correlation (R=0.59). However, when lower confidence fire pixels and point-spread-function effects (fire hot spots on the pixel edge) are removed, the correlation becomes much stronger (R=0.84) and the variability between MODIS and AMS is reduced. To account for these random errors via averaging, two clustering techniques are employed and the resulting AMS and MODIS comparisons of fire area, after correcting for overlapping MODIS pixels, are even more encouraging (R=0.91). Drawing from the retrieved fire area and temperature, the FRPf is calculated and compared to the current MODIS pixel area-based FRP. While the two methods are strongly correlated (R=0.93), the FRPf, in combination with retrieved fire cluster area, allows a large fire burning at a low intensity to be separated from a small fire burning at a high intensity. Similarly, the flux of FRPf over the retrieved fire area can be calculated, allowing for improved estimates of smoke plume injection heights in modeling studies and creating potential applications for the future VIIRS and GOES-R fire detection algorithms. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Peterson, David; Wang, Jun] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Ichoku, Charles] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hyer, Edward] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Ambrosia, Vincent] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Peterson, D (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 130 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM david.peterson@huskers.unl.edu; jwang7@unl.edu; charles.m.ichoku@nasa.gov; edward.hyer@nrlmry.navy.mil; vincent.g.ambrosia@nasa.gov RI Ichoku, Charles/E-1857-2012; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; peterson, david/L-2350-2016 OI Ichoku, Charles/0000-0003-3244-4549; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; FU NASA Applied Science award [NNX09AT09G]; NASA RA award [NNH07AF47I] FX We are grateful to the AMS wildfire measurement team at the NASA Ames Research Center for providing the airborne (AMS) fire data used in this study. We thank Luke Ellison at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for his work with overlapping MODIS pixels. We also thank Dr. Mark Anderson, Dr. John Lenters, and Dr. Bob Oglesby at the University of Nebraska - Lincoln and Dr. Wilfrid Schroeder at the University of Maryland - College Park for their constructive comments. The project was funded by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (to D. Peterson) and the NASA New Investigator Program (to Dr. Jun Wang). Dr. Hyer's participation was funded by NASA Applied Science award #NNX09AT09G and NASA R&A award #NNH07AF47I. NR 78 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 129 BP 262 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.036 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 095BA UT WOS:000315308300021 ER PT J AU Muller, A Behrens, J Giraldo, FX Wirth, V AF Mueller, Andreas Behrens, Joern Giraldo, Francis X. Wirth, Volkmar TI Comparison between adaptive and uniform discontinuous Galerkin simulations in dry 2D bubble experiments SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive mesh refinement; Discontinuous Galerkin; IMEX; Meteorology; Dry warm air bubble ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; SHALLOW-WATER MODEL; SEMIIMPLICIT FORMULATION; SPECTRAL ELEMENT; CONVECTION; INSTABILITY; ALGORITHM; TRIANGLE; WEATHER; CUMULUS AB Adaptive mesh refinement generally aims to increase computational efficiency without compromising the accuracy of the numerical solution. However it is an open question in which regions the spatial resolution can actually be coarsened without affecting the accuracy of the result. This question is investigated for a specific example of dry atmospheric convection, namely the simulation of warm air bubbles. For this purpose a novel numerical model is developed that is tailored towards this specific application. The compressible Euler equations are solved with a discontinuous Galerkin method. Time integration is done with an IMEX-method and the dynamic grid adaptivity uses space filling curves via the AMATOS function library. So far the model is able to simulate dry flow in two-dimensional geometry without subgrid-scale modeling. The model is tested with three standard test cases. An error indicator is introduced for a warm air bubble test case which allows one to compare the accuracy between different choices of refinement regions without knowing the exact solution. Essentially this is done by comparing features of the solution that are strongly sensitive to spatial resolution. For the rising warm air bubble the additional error by using adaptivity is smaller than 1% of the total numerical error if the average number of elements used for the adaptive simulation is about a factor of two times smaller than the number used for the simulation with the uniform fine-resolution grid. Correspondingly the adaptive simulation is almost two times faster than the uniform simulation. Furthermore the adaptive simulation is more accurate than a uniform simulation when both use the same CPU-time. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mueller, Andreas; Giraldo, Francis X.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Behrens, Joern] Univ Hamburg, D-20144 Hamburg, Germany. [Wirth, Volkmar] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55127 Mainz, Germany. RP Muller, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM amueller@anmr.de; joern.behrens@zmaw.de; fxgirald@nps.edu; vwirth@uni-mainz.de RI Behrens, Jorn/A-1863-2013 OI Behrens, Jorn/0000-0001-9836-8716 FU German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [SPP 1276]; Office of Naval Research [PE-0602435N] FX We are grateful to the reviewers for giving many excellent suggestions for improving this paper. Financial support for this work was provided by the priority program MetStrom (SPP 1276) of the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). FXG gratefully acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research through program element PE-0602435N. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 235 BP 371 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2012.10.038 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 079ET UT WOS:000314153900021 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bottacini, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Busetto, G Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Chaty, S Chaves, RCG Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Chiaro, G Cillis, AN Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Corbel, S Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A de Palma, F Dermer, CD Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Falletti, L Favuzzi, C Ferrara, EC Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Germani, S Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hayashi, K Hays, E Hewitt, JW Hill, AB Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Jogler, T Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Kamae, T Kataoka, J Katsuta, J Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Massaro, F Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mignani, RP Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nakamori, T Nemmen, R Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Ritz, S Romoli, C Sanchez-Conde, M Schulz, A Sgro, C Simeon, PE Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stecker, FW Strong, AW Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibaldo, L Tibolla, O Tinivella, M Troja, E Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V Waite, AP Werner, M Winer, BL Wood, KS Wood, M Yamazaki, R Yang, Z Zimmer, S AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Busetto, G. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Celik, O. Charles, E. Chaty, S. Chaves, R. C. G. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Cillis, A. N. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Corbel, S. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Falletti, L. Favuzzi, C. Ferrara, E. C. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hayashi, K. Hays, E. Hewitt, J. W. Hill, A. B. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Kamae, T. Kataoka, J. Katsuta, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Massaro, F. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mignani, R. P. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nakamori, T. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Ritz, S. Romoli, C. Sanchez-Conde, M. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Simeon, P. E. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stecker, F. W. Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibaldo, L. Tibolla, O. Tinivella, M. Troja, E. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Werner, M. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Yamazaki, R. Yang, Z. Zimmer, S. TI Detection of the Characteristic Pion-Decay Signature in Supernova Remnants SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; IC 443; COSMIC-RAYS; FERMI LAT; SNR W44; ACCELERATION; CLOUDS; DISCOVERY; RADIATION AB Cosmic rays are particles (mostly protons) accelerated to relativistic speeds. Despite wide agreement that supernova remnants (SNRs) are the sources of galactic cosmic rays, unequivocal evidence for the acceleration of protons in these objects is still lacking. When accelerated protons encounter interstellar material, they produce neutral pions, which in turn decay into gamma rays. This offers a compelling way to detect the acceleration sites of protons. The identification of pion-decay gamma rays has been difficult because high-energy electrons also produce gamma rays via bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton scattering. We detected the characteristic pion-decay feature in the gamma-ray spectra of two SNRs, IC 443 and W44, with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. This detection provides direct evidence that cosmic-ray protons are accelerated in SNRs. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bottacini, E.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Katsuta, J.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Massaro, F.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Simeon, P. E.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bottacini, E.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Katsuta, J.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Massaro, F.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Simeon, P. E.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Chaty, S.; Chaves, R. C. G.; Corbel, S.; Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM, CEA Saclay,CEA IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Busetto, G.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Busetto, G.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Pivato, G.; Rando, R.; Romoli, C.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; D'Ammando, F.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Celik, O.; Cillis, A. N.; Ferrara, E. C.; Guiriec, S.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Hewitt, J. W.; McEnery, J. E.; Nemmen, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Stecker, F. W.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ & Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEE CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Celik, O.; Moiseev, A. A.; Perkins, J. S.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, O.; Moiseev, A. A.; Perkins, J. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, O.; Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, O.; Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Razzaque, S.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Razzaque, S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] USN, Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Chiaro, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Cillis, A. N.] Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Ciprini, S.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Falletti, L.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Yang, Z.; Zimmer, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. 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A.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mignani, R. P.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ohno, M.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Perkins, J. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Stecker, F. W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tajima, H.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Tanaka, T.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Thorsett, S. E.] Willamette Univ, Dept Phys, Salem, OR 97031 USA. [Tibolla, O.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Troja, E.] NASA, Postdoctoral Program, Washington, DC USA. [Vianello, G.] Consorzio Interuniv Fis Spaziale, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Yamazaki, R.] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys & Math, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan. RP Funk, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM funk@slac.stanford.edu; ttanaka@cr.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp; uchiyama@slac.stanford.edu RI Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; OI Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Chaty, Sylvain/0000-0002-5769-8601; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU NASA; U.S. Department of Energy (United States); CEA/Irfu; IN2P3/CNRS (France); ASI; INFN (Italy); MEXT; KEK; JAXA (Japan); K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; National Space Board (Sweden) FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy (United States); CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS (France); ASI and INFN (Italy); MEXT, KEK, and JAXA (Japan); and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board (Sweden). Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. Fermi LAT data are available from the Fermi Science Support Center (http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc). NR 29 TC 185 Z9 190 U1 2 U2 76 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 339 IS 6121 BP 807 EP 811 DI 10.1126/science.1231160 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 088YS UT WOS:000314874400045 PM 23413352 ER PT J AU Richie, TL Villasante, EF AF Richie, Thomas L. Villasante, Eileen F. TI Use of Adenovirus Serotype 5 Vaccine Vectors in Seropositive, Uncircumcised Men: Safety Lessons from the Step Trial SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Richie, Thomas L.; Villasante, Eileen F.] USN, Malaria Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Richie, TL (reprint author), USN, Malaria Dept, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM thomas.richie@med.navy.mil OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 207 IS 4 BP 689 EP 690 DI 10.1093/infdis/jis737 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 078TG UT WOS:000314121800021 PM 23204174 ER PT J AU Golden, JP Verbarg, J Howell, PB Shriver-Lake, LC Ligler, FS AF Golden, J. P. Verbarg, J. Howell, P. B., Jr. Shriver-Lake, L. C. Ligler, F. S. TI Automated processing integrated with a microflow cytometer for pathogen detection in clinical matrices SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Anniversary World Congress on Biosensors / Summer School on Printed Biosensors and Electronics CY MAY 15-18, 2012 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Elsevier, Linkoping Univ, Erkon DE Integrated sample processing; Microfluidics; Flow cytometry; Magnetic microspheres; Multiplexed analysis ID MAGNETIC BEADS; HYBRIDIZATION; IMMUNOASSAY; SYSTEMS; DEVICE; TOXINS; POINT; TRAP; DNA AB A spinning magnetic trap (MagTrap) for automated sample processing was integrated with a microflow cytometer capable of simultaneously detecting multiple targets to provide an automated sample-to-answer diagnosis in 40 min. After target capture on fluorescently coded magnetic microspheres, the magnetic trap automatically concentrated the fluorescently coded microspheres, separated the captured target from the sample matrix, and exposed the bound target sequentially to biotinylated tracer molecules and streptavidin-labeled phycoerythrin. The concentrated microspheres were then hydrodynamically focused in a microflow cytometer capable of 4-color analysis (two wavelengths for microsphere identification, one for light scatter to discriminate single microspheres and one for phycoerythrin bound to the target). A three-fold decrease in sample preparation time and an improved detection limit, independent of target preconcentration, was demonstrated for detection of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 using the MagTrap as compared to manual processing. Simultaneous analysis of positive and negative controls, along with the assay reagents specific for the target, was used to obtain dose-response curves, demonstrating the potential for quantification of pathogen load in buffer and serum. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Golden, J. P.; Verbarg, J.; Howell, P. B., Jr.; Shriver-Lake, L. C.; Ligler, F. S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI075489]; PHS HHS [U01 A1075489] NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1 SI SI BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.015 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 061CX UT WOS:000312825800003 PM 22960010 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, LA Petersen, ER Leary, DH Nadeau, LJ Soto, CM Ray, RI Little, BJ Ringeisen, BR Johnson, GR Vora, GJ Biffinger, JC AF Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Petersen, Emily R. Leary, Dagmar H. Nadeau, Lloyd J. Soto, Carissa M. Ray, Richard I. Little, Brenda J. Ringeisen, Bradley R. Johnson, Glenn R. Vora, Gary J. Biffinger, Justin C. TI Shewanella frigidimarina microbial fuel cells and the influence of divalent cations on current output SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Anniversary World Congress on Biosensors / Summer School on Printed Biosensors and Electronics CY MAY 15-18, 2012 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Elsevier, Linkoping Univ, Erkon DE Shewanella frigidimarina; Shewanella oneidensis MR-1; Microbial fuel cell; Extracellular electron transfer ID EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; OUTER-MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; ONEIDENSIS MR-1; SOLUBLE CYTOCHROMES; STATISTICAL-MODEL; REDUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; ELECTRICITY; GEOBACTER; MTRC AB The genes involved in the proposed pathway for Shewanella extracellular electron transfer (EET) are highly conserved. While extensive studies involving EET from a fresh water Shewanella microbe (S. oneidensis MR-1) to soluble and insoluble electron acceptors have been published, only a few reports have examined EET from marine strains of Shewanella. Thus, Shewanella frigidimarina (an isolate from Antarctic Sea ice) was used within miniature microbial fuel cells (mini-MFC) to evaluate potential power output. During the course of this study several distinct differences were observed between S. oneidensis MR-1 and S. frigidimarina under comparable conditions. The maximum power density with S. frigidimarina was observed when the anolyte was half-strength marine broth (1/2 MB) (0.28 mu W/cm(2)) compared to Luria-Bertani (LB) (0.07 mu W/cm(2)) or a defined growth minimal medium (MM) (0.02 mu W/cm(2)). The systematic modification of S. frigidimarina cultured in 1/2 MB and LB with divalent cations shows that a maximum current output can be generated independent of internal ionic ohmic losses and the presence of external mediators. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.; Biffinger, Justin C.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petersen, Emily R.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Leary, Dagmar H.] NRL, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nadeau, Lloyd J.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall Afb, FL 32403 USA. [Soto, Carissa M.; Vora, Gary J.] USN, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ray, Richard I.; Little, Brenda J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, John C Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Biffinger, JC (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil OI Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 EI 1873-4235 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1 SI SI BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2012.06.039 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 061CX UT WOS:000312825800017 PM 22796023 ER PT J AU Chuang, I Sedegah, M Cicatelli, S Spring, M Polhemus, M Tamminga, C Patterson, N Guerrero, M Bennett, JW McGrath, S Ganeshan, H Belmonte, M Farooq, F Abot, E Banania, JG Huang, J Newcomer, R Rein, L Litilit, D Richie, NO Wood, C Murphy, J Sauerwein, R Hermsen, CC McCoy, AJ Kamau, E Cummings, J Komisar, J Sutamihardja, A Shi, M Epstein, JE Maiolatesi, S Tosh, D Limbach, K Angov, E Bergmann-Leitner, E Bruder, JT Doolan, DL King, CR Carucci, D Dutta, S Soisson, L Diggs, C Hollingdale, MR Ockenhouse, CF Richie, TL AF Chuang, Ilin Sedegah, Martha Cicatelli, Susan Spring, Michele Polhemus, Mark Tamminga, Cindy Patterson, Noelle Guerrero, Melanie Bennett, Jason W. McGrath, Shannon Ganeshan, Harini Belmonte, Maria Farooq, Fouzia Abot, Esteban Banania, Jo Glenna Huang, Jun Newcomer, Rhonda Rein, Lisa Litilit, Dianne Richie, Nancy O. Wood, Chloe Murphy, Jittawadee Sauerwein, Robert Hermsen, Cornelus C. McCoy, Andrea J. Kamau, Edwin Cummings, James Komisar, Jack Sutamihardja, Awalludin Shi, Meng Epstein, Judith E. Maiolatesi, Santina Tosh, Donna Limbach, Keith Angov, Evelina Bergmann-Leitner, Elke Bruder, Joseph T. Doolan, Denise L. King, C. Richter Carucci, Daniel Dutta, Sheetij Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Hollingdale, Michael R. Ockenhouse, Christian F. Richie, Thomas L. TI DNA Prime/Adenovirus Boost Malaria Vaccine Encoding P-falciparum CSP and AMA1 Induces Sterile Protection Associated with Cell-Mediated Immunity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; PHASE 2A TRIAL; NAIVE ADULTS; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; SPOROZOITE INOCULATION; VIRUS ANKARA; DOUBLE-BLIND; IMMUNIZATION AB Background: Gene-based vaccination using prime/boost regimens protects animals and humans against malaria, inducing cell-mediated responses that in animal models target liver stage malaria parasites. We tested a DNA prime/adenovirus boost malaria vaccine in a Phase 1 clinical trial with controlled human malaria infection. Methodology/Principal Findings: The vaccine regimen was three monthly doses of two DNA plasmids (DNA) followed four months later by a single boost with two non-replicating human serotype 5 adenovirus vectors (Ad). The constructs encoded genes expressing P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1). The regimen was safe and well-tolerated, with mostly mild adverse events that occurred at the site of injection. Only one AE (diarrhea), possibly related to immunization, was severe (Grade 3), preventing daily activities. Four weeks after the Ad boost, 15 study subjects were challenged with P. falciparum sporozoites by mosquito bite, and four (27%) were sterilely protected. Antibody responses by ELISA rose after Ad boost but were low (CSP geometric mean titer 210, range 44-817; AMA1 geometric mean micrograms/milliliter 11.9, range 1.5-102) and were not associated with protection. Ex vivo IFN-gamma ELISpot responses after Ad boost were modest (CSP geometric mean spot forming cells/million peripheral blood mononuclear cells 86, range 13-408; AMA1 348, range 88-1270) and were highest in three protected subjects. ELISpot responses to AMA1 were significantly associated with protection (p = 0.019). Flow cytometry identified predominant IFN-gamma mono-secreting CD8+ T cell responses in three protected subjects. No subjects with high pre-existing anti-Ad5 neutralizing antibodies were protected but the association was not statistically significant. Significance: The DNA/Ad regimen provided the highest sterile immunity achieved against malaria following immunization with a gene-based subunit vaccine (27%). Protection was associated with cell-mediated immunity to AMA1, with CSP probably contributing. Substituting a low seroprevalence vector for Ad5 and supplementing CSP/AMA1 with additional antigens may improve protection. C1 [Chuang, Ilin; Sedegah, Martha; Tamminga, Cindy; Patterson, Noelle; McGrath, Shannon; Ganeshan, Harini; Belmonte, Maria; Farooq, Fouzia; Abot, Esteban; Banania, Jo Glenna; Huang, Jun; Litilit, Dianne; McCoy, Andrea J.; Sutamihardja, Awalludin; Epstein, Judith E.; Maiolatesi, Santina; Limbach, Keith; Doolan, Denise L.; Carucci, Daniel; Hollingdale, Michael R.; Richie, Thomas L.] USN, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Cicatelli, Susan; Spring, Michele; Polhemus, Mark; Guerrero, Melanie; Bennett, Jason W.; Newcomer, Rhonda; Rein, Lisa; Richie, Nancy O.; Wood, Chloe; Murphy, Jittawadee; Kamau, Edwin; Cummings, James; Komisar, Jack; Shi, Meng; Tosh, Donna; Angov, Evelina; Bergmann-Leitner, Elke; Dutta, Sheetij; Ockenhouse, Christian F.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sauerwein, Robert; Hermsen, Cornelus C.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Bruder, Joseph T.; King, C. Richter] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Richie, TL (reprint author), USN, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM thomas.richie@med.navy.mil RI Sauerwein, Robert/C-8519-2013; Bennett, Jason/B-3547-2011; Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011; Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; Hermsen, C.C./L-4368-2015; OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956; Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU USAID "Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Malaria Vaccines" [GHA-P-00-03-00006-01, 936-3118]; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program "Development of Recombinant Adenoviral-based Vaccines against Malaria" [W81XWH-05-2-0041]; Military Infectious Research Program "Phase 1/2a clinical trials assessing the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity protective efficacy of Ad5-CA, a two-antigen, adenovirus-vectored Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine, in healthy, malaria-nave adults" [62787A 870 F 1432] FX This work was supported by USAID "Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Malaria Vaccines" Grant #: GHA-P-00-03-00006-01, Project Number 936-3118; and the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program "Development of Recombinant Adenoviral-based Vaccines against Malaria" Grant #: W81XWH-05-2-0041.. Website: https://cdmrp.org. Military Infectious Research Program "Phase 1/2a clinical trials assessing the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity & protective efficacy of Ad5-CA, a two-antigen, adenovirus-vectored Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine, in healthy, malaria-nave adults", work unit number 62787A 870 F 1432. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 14 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e55571 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0055571 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 099EJ UT WOS:000315602700019 PM 23457473 ER PT J AU Junkermeier, CE Solenov, D Reinecke, TL AF Junkermeier, Chad E. Solenov, Dmitry Reinecke, Thomas L. TI Adsorption of NH2 on Graphene in the Presence of Defects and Adsorbates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article AB Amine, NH2, is of interest as a linker between organic molecules and graphene in novel biotechnologies. We used ab initio electronic structure calculations to study NH2 adsorption on graphene in the presence of surface defects and other adsorbates, including N, B, F, H, and OH. Amine is found to form a semi-ionic bond of 0.778 eV on pristine graphene. Its binding is found to be modified near other defects, and the adsorption energy is dependent on the neighbor order. C1 [Junkermeier, Chad E.; Solenov, Dmitry; Reinecke, Thomas L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reinecke, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM reinecke@nrl.navy.mil RI Solenov, Dmitry/H-6250-2012 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was partially supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. The DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program provided computer resources. C.E.J. and D.S. are National Research Council Postdoctoral Associates. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 14 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 6 BP 2793 EP 2798 DI 10.1021/jp309419x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 093HH UT WOS:000315181800048 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alakhverdyants, AV Alekseev, I Alford, J Anson, CD Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, E Averichev, GS Balewski, J Banerjee, A Barnovska, Z Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Borowski, W Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Brovko, SG Bruna, E Bultmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chung, P Chwastowski, J Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Cui, X Das, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J de Souza, RD Dhamija, S Didenko, L Ding, F Dion, A Djawotho, P Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Elnimr, M Engelage, J Eppley, G Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Geurts, F Gibson, A Gliske, S Gorbunov, YN Grebenyuk, OG Grosnick, D Gupta, S Guryn, W Haag, B Hajkova, O Hamed, A Han, LX Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, HZ Huck, P Humanic, TJ Huo, L Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jena, C Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kapitan, J Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kesich, A Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisel, I Kisiel, A Kizka, V Klein, SR Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Koroleva, L Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, L Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lima, LM Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Lu, Y Luo, X Luszczak, A Ma, GL Ma, YG Don, DMMDM Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mall, OI Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D McShane, TS Mioduszewski, S Mitrovski, MK Mohammed, Y Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, B Munhoz, MG Mustafa, MK Naglis, M Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nogach, LV Novak, J Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Oliveira, RAN Olson, D Ostrowski, P Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peryt, W Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Powell, CB Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Przybycien, M Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Redwine, R Reed, R Riley, CK Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Ross, JF Ruan, L Rusnak, J Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandacz, A Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, B Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seele, J Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, B Sharma, M Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Solanki, D Sorensen, P deSouza, UG Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Steadman, SG Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Tian, J Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Turnau, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vossen, A Wada, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Witzke, W Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Xue, L Yang, Y Yang, Y Yepes, P Yi, Y Yip, K Yoo, IK Zawisza, M Zbroszczyk, H Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alakhverdyants, A. V. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anson, C. D. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Banerjee, A. Barnovska, Z. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Brovko, S. G. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Cai, X. Z. Caines, H. de la Barca Sanchez, M. Calderon Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chung, P. Chwastowski, J. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Cui, X. Das, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derradi de Souza, R. Dhamija, S. Didenko, L. Ding, F. Dion, A. Djawotho, P. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fisyak, Y. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Gliske, S. Gorbunov, Y. N. Grebenyuk, O. G. Grosnick, D. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hajkova, O. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Huo, L. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jena, C. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kapitan, J. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kesich, A. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Kizka, V. Klein, S. R. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Koroleva, L. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, L. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lima, L. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Lu, Y. Luo, X. Luszczak, A. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Mall, O. I. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Mioduszewski, S. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohammed, Y. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, B. Munhoz, M. G. Mustafa, M. K. Naglis, M. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nogach, L. V. Novak, J. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Oliveira, R. A. N. Olson, D. Ostrowski, P. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Powell, C. B. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Przybycien, M. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Redwine, R. Reed, R. Riley, C. K. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ross, J. F. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandacz, A. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, B. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seele, J. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Sharma, M. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. deSouza, U. G. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Steadman, S. G. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szanto de Toledo, A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thein, D. Thomas, J. H. Tian, J. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Turnau, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Vossen, A. Wada, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Whitten, C., Jr. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Witzke, W. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xue, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yi, Y. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Zawisza, M. Zbroszczyk, H. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Single spin asymmetry AN in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Polarization; Elastic scattering ID 1ST MEASUREMENT; IMPACT-PICTURE; PP; INTERFERENCE; POMERON; REGION; ENERGY; BEAM; A(N) AB We report a high precision measurement of the transverse single spin asymmetry A(N) at the center of mass energy root s = 200 GeV in elastic proton-proton scattering by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The A(N) was measured in the four-momentum transfer squared t range 0.003 <= vertical bar t vertical bar <= 0.035 (GeV/c)(2), the region of a significant interference between the electromagnetic and hadronic scattering amplitudes. The measured values of A(N) and its t-dependence are consistent with a vanishing hadronic spin-flip amplitude, thus providing strong constraints on the ratio of the single spin-flip to the non-flip amplitudes. Since the hadronic amplitude is dominated by the Pomeron amplitude at this root s, we conclude that this measurement addresses the question about the presence of a hadronic spin flip due to the Pomeron exchange in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; Didenko, L.; Dion, A.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Huang, B.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Adamczyk, L.; Przybycien, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Gliske, S.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. 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[Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Koroleva, L.; Morozov, B.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Kizka, V.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Keane, D.; Kumar, L.; Margetis, S.; Pandit, Y.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Webb, G.; Witzke, W.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Eun, L.; Grebenyuk, O. G.; Kiryluk, J.; Kisel, I.; Klein, S. R.; Kulakov, I.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. 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[Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Pawlik, B.; Turnau, J.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Nogach, L. V.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Hirsch, A.; Kikola, D. P.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Mustafa, M. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.; Yi, Y.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Lima, L. M.; Munhoz, M. G.; Oliveira, R. A. N.; deSouza, U. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Szanto de Toledo, A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Cui, X.; Li, C.; Lu, Y.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cai, X. Z.; Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shou, Q. Y.; Tian, J.; Xue, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Borowski, W.; Kabana, S.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Li, X.; Surrow, B.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Djawotho, P.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Huo, L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mohammed, Y.; Mondal, M. M.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Li, L.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Thein, D.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Sahoo, N. R.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. [Kisiel, A.; Ostrowski, P.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Sandacz, A.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Putschke, J.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Riley, C. K.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Yip, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kinyip@bnl.gov RI Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Pandit, Yadav/I-2170-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Yang, Yanyun/B-9485-2014; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Aparecido Negrao de Oliveira, Renato/G-9133-2015; Bruna, Elena/C-4939-2014; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; OI Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Pandit, Yadav/0000-0003-2809-7943; Yang, Yanyun/0000-0002-5982-1706; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Bruna, Elena/0000-0001-5427-1461; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179 FU Office of NP within the US DOE Office of Science; Office HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; Sloan Foundation; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; GA of the Czech Republic; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM of the Netherlands; NWO of the Netherlands; DAE of India; DST of India; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Sci. and Higher Ed.; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Ed. and Sci. of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, Polish Ministry of Sci. and Higher Ed., National Research Foundation (NRF-2012004024), Ministry of Sci., Ed. and Sports of the Rep. of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD FEB 12 PY 2013 VL 719 IS 1-3 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2013.01.014 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 091QT UT WOS:000315065600008 ER PT J AU Adam, O MacDonald, C Rivet, D Ritter, J May, T Barefield, M Duckworth, J La Barge, D Asher, D Drinkwine, B Brody, D AF Adam, Octavian MacDonald, Christine Rivet, Dennis Ritter, John May, Todd Barefield, Maria Duckworth, Josh La Barge, Donald Asher, Dean Drinkwine, Benjamin Brody, David TI Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Acute Blast-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Injured Service Members in Afghanistan SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Neurology (AAN) CY MAR 16-23, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Neurol C1 [Adam, Octavian; Rivet, Dennis; La Barge, Donald] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [MacDonald, Christine; Brody, David] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. [Ritter, John] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [May, Todd] Naval Hosp Camp Pendleton Camp, Pendleton, CA USA. [Barefield, Maria] Naval Hosp Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Duckworth, Josh; Asher, Dean; Drinkwine, Benjamin] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 EI 1526-632X J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD FEB 12 PY 2013 VL 80 SU S MA S14002 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AB8VR UT WOS:000332068606033 ER PT J AU Schermer, RT Villarruel, CA Bucholtz, F McLaughlin, CV AF Schermer, Ross T. Villarruel, Carl A. Bucholtz, Frank McLaughlin, Colin V. TI Reconfigurable liquid metal fiber-optic mirror for continuous, widely-tunable true-time-delay SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SIGNALS; MERCURY AB This paper reports the demonstration of a widely-translatable fiber-optic mirror based on the motion of liquid metal through the hollow core of a photonic bandgap fiber. By moving a liquid metal mirror within the hollow core of an optical fiber, large, continuous changes in optical path length are achieved in a comparatively small package. A fiber-optic device is demonstrated which provided a continuously-variable optical path length of over 3.6 meters, without the use of free-space optics or resonant optical techniques (i.e. slow light). This change in path length corresponds to a continuously-variable true-time delay of over 12 ns, or 120 periods at a modulation frequency of 10 GHz. Wavelength dependence was shown to be negligible across the C and L bands. C1 [Schermer, Ross T.; Villarruel, Carl A.; Bucholtz, Frank; McLaughlin, Colin V.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schermer, RT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ross.schermer@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 11 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 3 BP 2741 EP 2747 DI 10.1364/OE.21.002741 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 104KJ UT WOS:000315991400021 PM 23481731 ER PT J AU Daniele, MA North, SH Naciri, J Howell, PB Foulger, SH Ligler, FS Adams, AA AF Daniele, Michael A. North, Stella H. Naciri, Jawad Howell, Peter B. Foulger, Stephen H. Ligler, Frances S. Adams, Andre A. TI Rapid and Continuous Hydrodynamically Controlled Fabrication of Biohybrid Microfibers SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE cell encapsulation; microfiber extrusion; hydrogel; microfabrication; hydrodynamic focusing ID POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) HYDROGELS; IMMOBILIZED BACTERIA; MICROBIAL-CELLS; ENCAPSULATION; BEHAVIOR; FIBERS; CHONDROCYTES; SENSORS; SYSTEMS; SPORES AB Cell encapsulation is critical for many biotechnology applications including environmental remediation, bioreactors, and regenerative medicine. Here, the development of biohybrid microfibers comprised of encapsulated bacteria in hydrogel matrices produced on-chip using microfluidics is reported. The fiber production process utilizes hydrodynamic shaping of a cell-laden core fluid by a miscible sheath fluid. Production of the fibers containing viable bacteria was continuous in contrast to the more typical methods in which cells infiltrated or were attached to prepared fibers. The biohybrid fibers were composed of poly (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) matrices and individually both E. coli and B. cereus were explored as model cellular payloads. Post processing growth curves (24 h) of bacteria within fibers were in excellent agreement with that of controls suggesting minimal impact. Finally, the biohybrid fibers showed even distribution of encapsulated cells and >90% cell viability. C1 [Daniele, Michael A.; Foulger, Stephen H.] Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Opt Mat Sci & Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [North, Stella H.; Naciri, Jawad; Howell, Peter B.; Ligler, Frances S.; Adams, Andre A.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Daniele, MA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Opt Mat Sci & Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM andre.admas@nrl.navy.mil OI Adams, Andre/0000-0002-2979-249X FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); Office of Naval Research (ONR) [MA041-06-4286] FX The authors thank Igor L. Medintz for providing the E. coli pRSET-B mCherry used herein. This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) 6.1 work unit MA041-06-4286. The views expressed here represent those of the authors and do not reflect those of NRL, the Navy, or the Department of Defense. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 93 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD FEB 11 PY 2013 VL 23 IS 6 BP 698 EP 704 DI 10.1002/adfm.201202258 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 089QK UT WOS:000314924900005 ER PT J AU Lampen, P Bingham, NS Phan, MH Kim, H Osofsky, M Pique, A Phan, TL Yu, SC Srikanth, H AF Lampen, P. Bingham, N. S. Phan, M. H. Kim, H. Osofsky, M. Pique, A. Phan, T. L. Yu, S. C. Srikanth, H. TI Impact of reduced dimensionality on the magnetic and magnetocaloric response of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOTRANSPORT PROPERTIES; STRAIN; FILMS AB Understanding the impact of reduced dimensionality on the magnetic and magnetocaloric responses of a material is vital in incorporating it as an active magnetic refrigerant in cooling devices. By contrasting the magnetic and magnetocaloric behaviors of bulk polycrystalline, sol-gel derived nanocrystalline, and pulsed laser deposited thin film forms of the La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 system, we show that reducing the dimensionality of a ferromagnetic material tends to broaden and shift the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition to lower temperatures, while decreasing the saturation magnetization and the magnitude of the magnetic entropy change. Relative to its bulk counterpart, a pronounced broadening of the magnetic entropy change peak in the thin film leads to enhanced refrigerant capacity-an important figure-of-merit for active magnetic refrigeration technology. With reduced dimensionality, universal curves based on re-scaled entropy change curves tend toward collapse, indicating a weakening of the first order nature of the transition in the nanocrystalline samples and a crossover to second order in the thin film. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4792239] C1 [Lampen, P.; Bingham, N. S.; Phan, M. H.; Srikanth, H.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Bingham, N. S.; Kim, H.; Osofsky, M.; Pique, A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Phan, T. L.; Yu, S. C.] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. RP Phan, MH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM phanm@usf.edu; scyu@chungbuk.ac.kr; sharihar@usf.edu RI Phan, Manh-Huong/A-6709-2014; Bingham, Nicholas/B-3768-2016 FU DOE BES Physical Behavior of Materials Program [DE-FG02-07ER46438]; University of South Florida; Florida Cluster for Advanced Smart Sensor Technologies (FCASST); Office of Naval Research; Converging Research Center Program; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2012K001431] FX The work at the University of South Florida was supported by DOE BES Physical Behavior of Materials Program through Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46438. P. L. acknowledges support from the University of South Florida's Presidential Doctoral Fellowship. M. H. P. acknowledges support from the Florida Cluster for Advanced Smart Sensor Technologies (FCASST). H. K., M.O., and A. P. acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research. S.C.Y. and T. L. P. acknowledge support from the Converging Research Center Program funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012K001431). NR 26 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 54 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 6 AR 062414 DI 10.1063/1.4792239 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 091MH UT WOS:000315053300055 ER PT J AU Efroimsky, M Makarov, VV AF Efroimsky, Michael Makarov, Valeri V. TI TIDAL FRICTION AND TIDAL LAGGING. APPLICABILITY LIMITATIONS OF A POPULAR FORMULA FOR THE TIDAL TORQUE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics; Moon; planet-star interactions; planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; planets and satellites: general ID SPIN-ORBIT RESONANCES; CLOSE BINARY-SYSTEMS; BODILY TIDES; EVOLUTION; SATELLITES; EXOPLANETS; DISSIPATION; MODEL; MOON AB Tidal torques play a key role in rotational dynamics of celestial bodies. They govern these bodies' tidal despinning and also participate in the subtle process of entrapment of these bodies into spin-orbit resonances. This makes tidal torques directly relevant to the studies of habitability of planets and their moons. Our work begins with an explanation of how friction and lagging should be built into the theory of bodily tides. Although much of this material can be found in various publications, a short but self-consistent summary on the topic has been lacking in the hitherto literature, and we are filling the gap. After these preparations, we address a popular concise formula for the tidal torque, which is often used in the literature, for planets or stars. We explain why the derivation of this expression, offered in the paper by Goldreich and in the books by Kaula (Equation (4.5.29)) and Murray & Dermott (Equation (4.159)), implicitly sets the time lag to be frequency independent. Accordingly, the ensuing expression for the torque can be applied only to bodies having a very special (and very hypothetical) rheology which makes the time lag frequency independent, i.e., the same for all Fourier modes in the spectrum of tide. This expression for the torque should not be used for bodies of other rheologies. Specifically, the expression cannot be combined with an extra assertion of the geometric lag being constant, because at finite eccentricities the said assumption is incompatible with the constant-time-lag condition. C1 [Efroimsky, Michael; Makarov, Valeri V.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Efroimsky, M (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM michael.efroimsky@usno.navy.mil; vvm@usno.navy.mil OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887; Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2013 VL 764 IS 1 AR 26 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/26 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 081PV UT WOS:000314335200026 ER PT J AU Leake, JE Linton, MG AF Leake, James E. Linton, Mark G. TI EFFECT OF ION-NEUTRAL COLLISIONS IN SIMULATIONS OF EMERGING ACTIVE REGIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; IONIZED SOLAR ATMOSPHERE; MAGNETIC-FLUX; CONVECTION ZONE; ALFVEN WAVES; EMERGENCE; CHROMOSPHERE; FIELD; PLASMA; TUBES AB We present results of 2.5D numerical simulations of the emergence of sub-surface magnetic flux into the solar atmosphere, with emerging flux regions ranging from 10(18) to 10(21) Mx, representing both ephemeral and active regions. We include the presence of neutral hydrogen in the governing equations, improve upon previous models by including the ionization in the equation of state, and use a more realistic convection zone model. We find that ionization and recombination of plasma during the rise of a convection zone flux tube reduces the rise speed of the tube's axis. The presence of neutral hydrogen allows the effective flow of mass across field lines, by the addition of a Pedersen resistivity to the generalized Ohm's law, which dissipates current perpendicular to the magnetic field. This causes an increase of up to 10% in the amount of magnetic in-plane flux supplied to the corona and a reduction of up to 89% in the amount of sub-surface plasma brought up into the corona. However, it also reduces the amount of free magnetic energy supplied to the corona, and thus does not positively affect the likelihood of creating unstable coronal structures. C1 [Leake, James E.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Linton, Mark G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leake, JE (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jleake@gmu.edu FU NASA; ONR; NRL-Hinode analysis program; DoD HPC program FX This work has been supported by the NASA Living With a Star, Solar & Heliospheric Physics programs, the ONR 6.1 Program, and the NRL-Hinode analysis program. The simulations were performed under a grant of computer time from the DoD HPC program. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2013 VL 764 IS 1 AR 54 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/54 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 081PV UT WOS:000314335200054 ER PT J AU Makarov, VV Efroimsky, M AF Makarov, Valeri V. Efroimsky, Michael TI NO PSEUDOSYNCHRONOUS ROTATION FOR TERRESTRIAL PLANETS AND MOONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics; Moon; planet-star interactions; planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; planets and satellites: general ID CHROMOSPHERICALLY ACTIVE STARS; SPIN-ORBIT RESONANCES; TIDAL DISSIPATION; BODILY TIDES; FRICTION; EVOLUTION; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOMETRY; EXOPLANETS AB We re-examine the popular belief that a telluric planet or a satellite on an eccentric orbit can, outside a spin-orbit resonance, be captured in a quasi-static tidal equilibrium called pseudosynchronous rotation. The existence of such configurations was deduced from oversimplified tidal models assuming either a constant tidal torque or a torque linear in the tidal frequency. A more accurate treatment requires that the torque be decomposed into the Darwin-Kaula series over the tidal modes, and that this decomposition be combined with a realistic choice of rheological properties of the mantle, which we choose to be a combination of the Andrade model at ordinary frequencies and the Maxwell model at low frequencies. This development demonstrates that there exist no stable equilibrium states for solid planets and moons, other than spin-orbit resonances. C1 [Makarov, Valeri V.; Efroimsky, Michael] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Makarov, VV (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM vvm@usno.navy.mil; michael.efroimsky@usno.navy.mil OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887; Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2013 VL 764 IS 1 AR 27 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/27 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 081PV UT WOS:000314335200027 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Wang, Y. -M. Sheeley, N. R., Jr. TI THE SOLAR WIND AND INTERPLANETARY FIELD DURING VERY LOW AMPLITUDE SUNSPOT CYCLES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; solar wind; Sun: activity; Sun: heliosphere; sunspots; Sun: surface magnetism ID SCALE MAGNETIC-FIELD; GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; MAUNDER MINIMUM; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; FLUX TRANSPORT; CORONAL HOLES; MODULATION; EVOLUTION; SUN; REGION AB Cosmogenic isotope records indicate that a solar-cycle modulation persists through extended periods of very low sunspot activity. One immediate implication is that the photospheric field during such grand minima did not consist entirely of ephemeral regions, which produce a negligible amount of open magnetic flux, but continued to have a large-scale component originating from active regions. Present-day solar and heliospheric observations show that the solar wind mass flux and proton density at the coronal base scale almost linearly with the footpoint field strength, whereas the wind speed at Earth is uncorrelated with the latter. Thus a factor of similar to 4-7 reduction in the total open flux, as deduced from reconstructions of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during the Maunder Minimum, would lead to a similar decrease in the solar wind densities, while leaving the wind speeds largely unchanged. We also demonstrate that a decrease in the strengths of the largest active regions during grand minima will reduce the amplitude of the Sun's equatorial dipole relative to the axial component, causing the IMF strength to peak near sunspot minimum rather than near sunspot maximum, a result that is consistent with the phase shift observed in the Be-10 record during the Maunder Minimum. Finally, we discuss the origin of the 5 yr periodicity sometimes present in the cosmogenic isotope data during low and medium amplitude cycles. C1 [Wang, Y. -M.; Sheeley, N. R., Jr.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yi.wang@nrl.navy.mil; neil.sheeley@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA; Office of Naval Research FX This work was instigated by discussions at the International Space Science Institute team workshop on "Long-Term Reconstruction of Solar and Solar Wind Parameters" (2012 May), and was funded by NASA and the Office of Naval Research. NR 67 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2013 VL 764 IS 1 AR 90 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/90 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 081PV UT WOS:000314335200090 ER PT J AU Fromm, M Nedoluha, G Charvat, Z AF Fromm, Michael Nedoluha, Gerald Charvat, Zdenek TI Comment on "Large Volcanic Aerosol Load in the Stratosphere Linked to Asian Monsoon Transport" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Bourassa et al. (Reports, 6 July 2012, p. 78) report on the 13 June 2011 eruption of the Nabro volcano and satellite observations of stratospheric aerosol that they attribute to troposphere to stratosphere ascent via the Asian monsoon. They claim (citing another source) that the 13 June top injection height was well below the tropopause. We will show that the 13 June Nabro eruption plume was clearly stratospheric and contained both volcanic gases and aerosols. Moreover, we will show height-resolved stratospheric sulfur dioxide and volcanic aerosol enhancements 1 to 3 days old, unaffected by the Asian monsoon, precisely connected to the volcano. The observed stratospheric aerosols and gases are fully explained by the 13 June eruption and do not require a monsoon vehicle. C1 [Fromm, Michael; Nedoluha, Gerald] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Charvat, Zdenek] Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, Prague 14306, Czech Republic. RP Fromm, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 8 PY 2013 VL 339 IS 6120 DI 10.1126/science.1228605 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 085BM UT WOS:000314585600019 PM 23393246 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL AF Jensen, Kevin L. TI Scattering and the relationship between quantum efficiency and emittance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATHODES; PHOTOEMISSION; METALS AB Simple models of the quantum efficiency (QE) and emittance (epsilon(n,rms)) of metals are based on the neglect of scattered electrons to the emission current. The leading order terms in the Fowler-Dubridge equation for QE and the Dowell-Schmerge equation for emittance entail QE proportional to epsilon(4)(n). Here, a method to account for next-order contributions and the impact of scattered electrons to the relation is given. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790874] C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Joint Technology Office; Office of Naval Research FX We thank the Joint Technology Office and the Office of Naval Research for their support. We also thank (alph) D. W. Feldman, E. J. Montgomery, P. G. O'Shea, J. L. Shaw, and J. E. Yater for numerous useful discussions. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 5 AR 056101 DI 10.1063/1.4790874 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 087FH UT WOS:000314746200089 ER PT J AU Swider-Lyons, KE Campbell, SA AF Swider-Lyons, Karen E. Campbell, Stephen A. TI Physical Chemistry Research Toward Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Advancement SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; OXIDE-SUPPORTED PLATINUM; CATALYST LAYERS; TANTALUM OXYPHOSPHATE; ELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; HYDROGEN OXIDATION; ALLOY CATALYSTS; ELECTROCATALYSTS AB Hydrogen fuel cells, the most common type of which are proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), are on a rapid path to commercialization. We credit physical chemistry research in oxygen reduction electrocatalysis and theory with significant breakthroughs, enabling more cost-effective fuel cells. However, most of the physical chemistry has been restricted to studies of platinum and related alloys. More work is needed to better understand electrocatalysts generally in terms of properties and characterization. While the advent of such highly active catalysts will enable smaller, less expensive, and more powerful stacks, they will require better understanding and a complete restructuring of the diffusion media in PEMFCs to facilitate faster transport of the reactants (O-2) and products (H2O). Even Ohmic losses between materials become more important at high power. Such lessons from PEMFC research are relevant to other electrochemical conversion systems, including Li-air batteries and flow batteries, C1 [Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Campbell, Stephen A.] AFCC Automot Fuel Cell Cooperat Corp, Burnaby, BC V5J 5J8, Canada. RP Swider-Lyons, KE (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM karen.lyons@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; AFCC Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation Corp. FX K.S.L. is grateful to the Office of Naval Research for financial support. We also thank Drs. Benjamin Gould, Yannick Garsany, and Olga Baturina for providing MEA data and valuable discussions. Professor Dave Ramaker provided insights into the first-principles theories. The high-angle annular dark-field scanning tunneling electron microscopy (HAADF STEM) figures are credited to Karren More, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. S.A.C. thanks AFCC Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation Corp. for financial support. NR 77 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD FEB 7 PY 2013 VL 4 IS 3 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1021/jz3019012 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 089JT UT WOS:000314907500010 PM 26281730 ER PT J AU Joo, S Kim, T Shin, SH Lim, JY Hong, J Song, JD Chang, J Lee, HW Rhie, K Han, SH Shin, KH Johnson, M AF Joo, Sungjung Kim, Taeyueb Shin, Sang Hoon Lim, Ju Young Hong, Jinki Song, Jin Dong Chang, Joonyeon Lee, Hyun-Woo Rhie, Kungwon Han, Suk Hee Shin, Kyung-Ho Johnson, Mark TI Magnetic-field-controlled reconfigurable semiconductor logic SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SILICON; MAGNETOCONCENTRATION AB Logic devices based on magnetism show promise for increasing computational efficiency while decreasing consumed power. They offer zero quiescent power and yet combine novel functions such as programmable logic operation and non-volatile built-in memory(1-5). However, practical efforts to adapt a magnetic device to logic suffer from a low signal-to-noise ratio and other performance attributes that are not adequate for logic gates. Rather than exploiting magnetoresistive effects that result from spin-dependent transport of carriers, we have approached the development of a magnetic logic device in a different way: we use the phenomenon of large magnetoresistance found in non-magnetic semiconductors in high electric fields(6,7). Here we report a device showing a strong diode characteristic that is highly sensitive to both the sign and the magnitude of an external magnetic field, offering a reversible change between two different characteristic states by the application of a magnetic field. This feature results from magnetic control of carrier generation(8) and recombination in an InSb p-n bilayer channel(9). Simple circuits combining such elementary devices are fabricated and tested, and Boolean logic functions including AND, OR, NAND and NOR are performed. They are programmed dynamically by external electric or magnetic signals, demonstrating magnetic-field-controlled semiconductor reconfigurable logic at room temperature. This magnetic technology permits a new kind of spintronic device, characterized as a current switch rather than a voltage switch, and provides a simple and compact platform for non-volatile reconfigurable logic devices. C1 [Joo, Sungjung; Kim, Taeyueb; Chang, Joonyeon; Han, Suk Hee; Shin, Kyung-Ho] KIST, Spin Convergence Res Ctr, Seoul 130650, South Korea. [Joo, Sungjung; Kim, Taeyueb; Hong, Jinki; Rhie, Kungwon] Korea Univ, Dept Display & Semicond Phys, Sejong 339700, South Korea. [Shin, Sang Hoon; Lim, Ju Young; Song, Jin Dong] KIST, Nano Photon Res Ctr, Seoul 130650, South Korea. [Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Johnson, Mark] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hong, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Display & Semicond Phys, Sejong 339700, South Korea. EM jkhongjkhong@korea.ac.kr; jdsong@kist.re.kr RI Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008 OI Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093 FU KIST; NRF; MEST [2010-0000506, 2011-0012386, 2012-0005631, 2012K001280]; industrial strategic technology development programme; MKE [KI002182]; GRL; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the KIST vision 21 programme, NRF grants funded by MEST (2010-0000506,2011-0012386 and 2012-0005631), the industrial strategic technology development programme funded by MKE (KI002182), the Dream project, MEST (2012K001280), GRL and the Office of Naval Research. NR 21 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 145 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 7 PY 2013 VL 494 IS 7435 BP 72 EP 76 DI 10.1038/nature11817 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 087DJ UT WOS:000314741200036 PM 23364687 ER PT J AU Gallagher, TQ Brigger, MT Hartnick, CJ AF Gallagher, Thomas Q. Brigger, Matthew T. Hartnick, Christopher J. TI Bleeding Risk and Dexamethasone Use in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Gallagher, Thomas Q.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Brigger, Matthew T.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Hartnick, Christopher J.] Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Pediat Otolaryngol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Gallagher, TQ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol, Portsmouth, VA USA. EM christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 6 PY 2013 VL 309 IS 5 BP 437 EP 438 DI 10.1001/jama.2012.113521 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 083LY UT WOS:000314466900012 PM 23385257 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, V. M. TI Investigation of the Interaction of gamma-Al2O3 with Aqueous Solutions of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Using Infrared Multiple Internal Reflection Spectroscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANTS; ALUMINUM-OXIDE; METAL-OXIDES; ADSORBED ORGANOPHOSPHONATES; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; PHOSPHONATE ESTERS; BASIC HYDROLYSIS; SILICA SURFACES; GAMMA-ALUMINA; AB-INITIO AB The interaction of dilute solutions of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) in H2O with thin porous layers of gamma-Al2O3 has been studied under steady-state conditions using infrared multiple-internal-reflection spectroscopy. Upon the initial introduction of the DMMP solution to a previously H2O-saturated surface, DMMP diffuses into the porous layer and displaces weakly hydrogen-bonded H2O molecules. This is accompanied by hydrolysis of the gamma-Al2O3 to form Al(OH)(3) and/or AlO(OH). The P=O group of DMMP interacts predominantly with H2O and gives no clear indication of bonding to the oxide surface itself, from which it is inferred that the displacement of weakly adsorbed H2O results from the interaction of acidic Al-OH sites with the methoxy O atoms of DMMP. No hydrolysis of the DMMP, either in solution or in contact with the oxide, was detectable under the present conditions. The results have practical implications in the decontamination of materials following exposure to toxic reagents related to DMMP. C1 USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM victor.bermudez@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [TAS-CBS.FATE.03.10.NRL.001] FX This work was funded and supported by Contract TAS-CBS.FATE.03.10.NRL.001 from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). C. P. Tripp is thanked for helpful information on the sample preparation, and J. C. Culbertson is thanked for help with the Raman measurements. We are grateful to F. K. Perkins for growing the thermal a-SiO2 layer. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1483 EP 1489 DI 10.1021/la304744u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 086HZ UT WOS:000314676000020 PM 23350945 ER PT J AU Sergeev, E Grach, S Shindin, A Mishin, E Bernhardt, P Briczinski, S Isham, B Broughton, M LaBelle, J Watkins, B AF Sergeev, E. Grach, S. Shindin, A. Mishin, E. Bernhardt, P. Briczinski, S. Isham, B. Broughton, M. LaBelle, J. Watkins, B. TI Artificial Ionospheric Layers during Pump Frequency Stepping Near the 4th Gyroharmonic at HAARP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS; SPECTRA; PLASMA AB We report on artificial descending plasma layers created in the ionosphere F region by high-power high-frequency (HF) radio waves from High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program at frequencies f(0) near the fourth electron gyroharmonic 4f(ce). The data come from concurrent measurements of the secondary escaping radiation from the HF-pumped ionosphere, also known as stimulated electromagnetic emission, reflected probing signals at f(0), and plasma line radar echoes. The artificial layers appeared only for injections along the magnetic field and f(0) > 4f(ce) at the nominal HF interaction altitude in the background ionosphere. Their average downward speed similar to 0.5 km/s holds until the terminal altitude where the local fourth gyroharmonic matches f(0). The total descent increases with the nominal offset f(0) - 4f(ce). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.065002 C1 [Sergeev, E.; Grach, S.; Shindin, A.] Radiophys Res Inst, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Sergeev, E.; Grach, S.; Shindin, A.] Lobachevsky State Univ Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Mishin, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Bernhardt, P.; Briczinski, S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Isham, B.] Interamer Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bayamon, PR 00957 USA. [Broughton, M.; LaBelle, J.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Watkins, B.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sergeev, E (reprint author), Radiophys Res Inst, 25A-12 Bolshaya Pecherskaya St, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. RI Shindin, Alexey/R-8728-2016; OI Shindin, Alexey/0000-0003-1242-5666; Grach, Savely/0000-0003-1726-4793 FU EOARD/AFOSR; RFBR [11-02-00125-a, 12-02-00513-a]; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [14.132.21.1434]; AFOSR [W911NF-11-1-0217]; ONR [W911NF-11-1-0217]; ARO [W911NF-11-1-0217] FX HAARP is a DoD program operated jointly by the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy. E.S., S.G., and A.S. were supported by EOARD/AFOSR and RFBR Grants No. 11-02-00125-a and No. 12-02-00513-a and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Project No. 14.132.21.1434. E.M., P.B. and S.B., and B.I. were supported by AFOSR, ONR, and ARO Grant No. W911NF-11-1-0217, respectively. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 6 AR 065002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.065002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 086MD UT WOS:000314687300020 PM 23432261 ER PT J AU Gavrilov, D Maeva, E Grube, O Vodyanoy, I Maev, R AF Gavrilov, Dmitry Maeva, Elena Grube, Oleg Vodyanoy, Igor Maev, Roman TI EXPERIMENTAL COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE APPLICABILITY OF INFRARED TECHNIQUES FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF PAINTINGS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE thermography; nondestructive; analysis; defectoscopy ID THERMOGRAPHY AB Noninvasive methods of near-infrared, short-wave infrared, and thermographic inspection of artwork are described in this article and compared in terms of their ability to reveal both hidden graphite underdrawings and subsurface degradations. This inspection aids the understanding of the artist's work methods and locates hidden areas of damage. While all three inspection methods are suitable for locating sketches and changes in composition, this study has proven that thermographic methods are very useful in detecting structural defects such as delaminations and cavities, as demonstrated with experiments conducted on test samples and real paintings. C1 [Gavrilov, Dmitry; Maeva, Elena; Maev, Roman] Univ Windsor, Inst Diagnost Imaging Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Vodyanoy, Igor] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Gavrilov, D (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Inst Diagnost Imaging Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM gavrilo@uwindsor.ca; maeva@uwindsor.ca; igor.vodyanoy@navy.mil; maev@uwindsor.ca NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0197-1360 J9 J AM INST CONSERV JI J. Am. Inst. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 52 IS 1 BP 48 EP 60 DI 10.1179/0197136012.Z.0000000002 PG 13 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 227IB UT WOS:000325104800004 ER PT J AU Belden, J AF Belden, Jesse TI Calibration of multi-camera systems with refractive interfaces SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; SELF-CALIBRATION AB A method for performing bundle adjustment-based calibration of a multi-camera setup with refractive interfaces in the optical path is presented. The method contributes to volumetric multi-camera fluid experiments, where it is desirable to avoid tedious alignment of calibration grids in multiple locations and where a premium is placed on accurately locating world points. Cameras are calibrated from image point correspondences of unknown world points, and the location of the refractive interface need not be accurately known a priori. Physical models for two practically relevant imaging configurations are presented; the first is a planar wall separating cameras and a liquid, and the second is a liquid-containing cylindrical tank with finite wall thickness. Each model allows the cameras to be in general location and orientation relative to the interface. A thorough numerical study demonstrates the ability of the calibration method to accurately estimate camera parameters, interface orientation, and world point locations. The numerical study explores the convergence, accuracy, and sensitivity of the calibration method as a function of initialization, camera configuration, volume size, and interface type. The technique is applied to real calibration data where the algorithm is supplied with errant initial parameter estimates and shown to provide accurate results. The ease of implementation and accuracy of the refractive calibration method make the approach attractive for three-dimensional multi-camera fluid measurement methods. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Belden, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM jesse.belden@navy.mil FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) funds FX This work was funded by Naval Undersea Warfare Center In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) funds (monitored by Dr. Tony Ruffa). The author also greatly acknowledges the insightful and critical comments and suggestions of the reviewers, which led to a much improved manuscript. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD FEB PY 2013 VL 54 IS 2 AR 1463 DI 10.1007/s00348-013-1463-0 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 133RE UT WOS:000318156200018 ER PT J AU Kilic, E Stanica, P AF Kilic, E. Stanica, P. TI GENERAL APPROACH IN COMPUTING SUMS OF PRODUCTS OF BINARY SEQUENCES SO HACETTEPE JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Second order recurrences; Sums; Products AB In this paper we find a general approach to find closed forms of sums of products of arbitrary sequences satisfying the same recurrence with different initial conditions. We apply successfully our technique to sums of products of such sequences with indices in (arbitrary) arithmetic progressions. It generalizes many results from literature. We propose also an extension where the sequences satisfy different recurrences. C1 [Kilic, E.] TOBB Econ & Technol Univ, Dept Math, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. [Stanica, P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kilic, E (reprint author), TOBB Econ & Technol Univ, Dept Math, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. EM ekilic@etu.edu.tr; pstanica@nsp.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU HACETTEPE UNIV, FAC SCI PI BEYTEPE PA HACETTEPE UNIV, FAC SCI, BEYTEPE, ANKARA 06800, TURKEY SN 1303-5010 J9 HACET J MATH STAT JI Hacet. J. Math. Stat. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Mathematics; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 142VX UT WOS:000318826800001 ER PT J AU Barr, ED Guillemot, L Champion, DJ Kramer, M Eatough, RP Lee, KJ Verbiest, JPW Bassa, CG Camilo, F Celik, O Cognard, I Ferrara, EC Freire, PCC Janssen, GH Johnston, S Keith, M Lyne, AG Michelson, PF Parkinson, PMS Ransom, SM Ray, PS Stappers, BW Wood, KS AF Barr, E. D. Guillemot, L. Champion, D. J. Kramer, M. Eatough, R. P. Lee, K. J. Verbiest, J. P. W. Bassa, C. G. Camilo, F. Celik, O. Cognard, I. Ferrara, E. C. Freire, P. C. C. Janssen, G. H. Johnston, S. Keith, M. Lyne, A. G. Michelson, P. F. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Ransom, S. M. Ray, P. S. Stappers, B. W. Wood, K. S. TI Pulsar searches of Fermi unassociated sources with the Effelsberg telescope SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE pulsars: general; pulsars: individual: PSR J1745+1017; gamma-rays: general ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; GAMMA-RAY PULSARS; EGRET ERROR BOXES; MILLISECOND PULSAR; RADIO PULSARS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SOURCE CATALOG; LIGHT CURVES; DISCOVERY; EMISSION AB Using the 100-m Effelsberg radio telescope operating at 1.36 GHz, we have performed a targeted radio pulsar survey of 289 unassociated gamma-ray sources discovered by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard the Fermi satellite and published in the 1FGL catalogue (Abdo et al. 2010a). This survey resulted in the discovery of millisecond pulsar J1745+1017, which resides in a short-period binary system with a low-mass companion, M-c,M-min similar to 0.0137 M-circle dot, indicative of 'black widow' type systems. A 2-yr timing campaign has produced a refined radio ephemeris, accurate enough to allow for phase-folding of the LAT photons, resulting in the detection of a dual-peaked gamma-ray light curve, proving that PSR J1745+1017 is the source responsible for the gamma-ray emission seen in 1FGL J1745.5+1018 (2FGL J1745.6+1015; Nolan et al. 2012). We find the gamma-ray spectrum of PSR J1745+1017 to be well modelled by an exponentially cut-off power law with cut-off energy 3.2 GeV and photon index 1.6. The observed sources are known to contain a further 10 newly discovered pulsars which were undetected in this survey. Our radio observations of these sources are discussed and in all cases limiting flux densities are calculated. The reasons behind the seemingly low yield of discoveries are also discussed. C1 [Barr, E. D.; Guillemot, L.; Champion, D. J.; Kramer, M.; Eatough, R. P.; Lee, K. J.; Verbiest, J. P. W.; Freire, P. C. C.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Kramer, M.; Bassa, C. G.; Janssen, G. H.; Lyne, A. G.; Stappers, B. W.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Camilo, F.] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Celik, O.; Ferrara, E. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, O.] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, O.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, O.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Cognard, I.] CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, LPCE, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.] Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, CNRS INSU, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Johnston, S.; Keith, M.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Michelson, P. F.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Michelson, P. F.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ NRAO, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Ray, P. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Space Sci Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barr, ED (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM ebarr@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; guillemo@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de RI Saz Parkinson, Pablo Miguel/I-7980-2013; OI Champion, David/0000-0003-1361-7723; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU European Union under Marie-Curie Intra-European Fellowship [236394]; European Research Council under ERC Starting Grant Beacon [279702]; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) FX JPWV acknowledges support by the European Union under Marie-Curie Intra-European Fellowship 236394.; PCCF and JPWV acknowledge support by the European Research Council under ERC Starting Grant Beacon (contract no. 279702).; We would like to thank Matthew Kerr for his input regarding initial source selection. Pulsar research and observations at Jodrell Bank Observatory have been supported through Rolling Grants from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 429 IS 2 BP 1633 EP 1642 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts449 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134UC UT WOS:000318239300056 ER PT J AU Sanghera, SS Francescutti, V Miller, A Burke, RA Skitzki, JJ Kane, JM AF Sanghera, S. S. Francescutti, V. Miller, A. Burke, R. A. Skitzki, J. J. Kane, J. M. TI Superficial Soft Tissue Sarcomas - Homogenous Good Outcome in a Heterogeneous Group of Tumors SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society-of-Surgical-Oncology (SSO) CY MAR 06-09, 2013 CL National Harbor, MD SP Soc Surg Oncol (SSO) C1 [Sanghera, S. S.; Francescutti, V.; Miller, A.; Skitzki, J. J.; Kane, J. M.] Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. [Burke, R. A.] USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 20 SU 1 BP S123 EP S123 PG 1 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 133XR UT WOS:000318174700363 ER PT J AU Vreeland, TJ Berry, JS Trappey, AF Hale, D Clifton, GT Sears, A Shumway, NM Holmes, JP Ponniah, S Mittendorf, EA Ioannides, CG Peoples, GE AF Vreeland, T. J. Berry, J. S. Trappey, A. F. Hale, D. Clifton, G. T. Sears, A. Shumway, N. M. Holmes, J. P. Ponniah, S. Mittendorf, E. A. Ioannides, C. G. Peoples, G. E. TI Use of an Attenuated Version of a Strongly Immunogenic, Peptide-based Vaccine to Enhance an Anti-cancer Immune Response against Folate Receptor-alpha (FR alpha) SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society-of-Surgical-Oncology (SSO) CY MAR 06-09, 2013 CL National Harbor, MD SP Soc Surg Oncol (SSO) C1 [Vreeland, T. J.; Berry, J. S.; Trappey, A. F.; Hale, D.; Clifton, G. T.; Sears, A.; Shumway, N. M.; Peoples, G. E.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Mittendorf, E. A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ponniah, S.; Ioannides, C. G.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Holmes, J. P.] USN, Dept Hematol & Med Oncol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 20 SU 1 BP S59 EP S59 PG 1 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 133XR UT WOS:000318174700156 ER PT J AU Reniers, AJHM Gallagher, EL MacMahan, JH Brown, JA van Rooijen, AA de Vries, JSMV van Prooijen, BC AF Reniers, A. J. H. M. Gallagher, E. L. MacMahan, J. H. Brown, J. A. van Rooijen, A. A. de Vries, J. S. M. van Thiel van Prooijen, B. C. TI Observations and modeling of steep-beach grain-size variability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID FLOW SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SURF-ZONE; SHEET FLOW; SWASH ZONE; GENERATED TURBULENCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; BREAKING WAVES; SHEAR-STRESS; SUSPENSION; ACCELERATION AB Novel observations of surface grain-size distributions are used in combination with intra-wave modeling to examine the processes responsible for the sorting of sediment grains on a relatively steep beach (slope = 1:7.5). The field observations of the mean grain size collected with a digital camera system at consecutive low and high tides for a 2 week period show significant temporal and spatial variation. This variation is reproduced by the modeling approach when the surf zone flow-circulation is relatively weak, showing coarse grain sizes at the location of the shore break and finer sediment onshore and offshore of the shore break. The model results suggest that grain size sorting is dominated by the wave-breaking-related suspended sediment transport which removes finer sediment from the shore break and transports it both on-shore and offshore. The transport capacity of wave-breaking-related suspended sediment is controlled by the sediment response time scale in the advection-diffusion equation, where small (large) values promote onshore (offshore) transport. Comparisons with the observed beach profile evolution suggest a relatively short time scale for the suspended sediment response which could be explained by the vigorous breaking of the waves at the shore break. Citation: Reniers, A. J. H. M., E. L. Gallagher, J. H. MacMahan, J. A. Brown, A. A. van Rooijen, J. S. M. van Thiel de Vries, and B. C. van Prooijen (2013), Observations and modeling of steep-beach grain-size variability, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, 577-591, doi:10.1029/2012JC008073. C1 [Reniers, A. J. H. M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gallagher, E. L.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. [MacMahan, J. H.; Brown, J. A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [van Rooijen, A. A.; de Vries, J. S. M. van Thiel] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. [van Rooijen, A. A.; de Vries, J. S. M. van Thiel; van Prooijen, B. C.] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. RP Reniers, AJHM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM areniers@rsmas.miami.edu FU Deltares-Rijkswaterstaat Coastal Maintenance Research Program Kustlijnzorg; National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research Coastal Geosciences grants; NSF [EAR0952225, EAR0952164, OCE0340758, EAR-0952182, OCE-0926750]; ONR [N000140710556, N000140510153, N0001409WR20221, N0001409WR20222] FX This work was funded by Deltares-Rijkswaterstaat Coastal Maintenance Research Program Kustlijnzorg, the National Science Foundation grants, and the Office of Naval Research Coastal Geosciences grants. AR was funded through NSF grant EAR0952225 and ONR grant N000140710556. EG was funded through NSF grants EAR0952164 and OCE0340758 and ONR grant N000140510153. JM was funded through NSF grants EAR-0952182 and OCE-0926750 and ONR grants N0001409WR20221 and N0001409WR20222. Friends and colleagues who also helped enormously include Ian Smithgall, Clement Gandon, Ron Cowen, Keith Wycoff, and Ed Thornton. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2013 VL 118 IS 2 BP 577 EP 591 DI 10.1029/2012JC008073 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 129LK UT WOS:000317840700002 ER PT J AU Dossing, A Jackson, HR Matzka, J Einarsson, I Rasmussen, TM Olesen, AV Brozena, JM AF Dossing, A. Jackson, H. R. Matzka, J. Einarsson, I. Rasmussen, T. M. Olesen, A. V. Brozena, J. M. TI On the origin of the Amerasia Basin and the High Arctic Large Igneous Province-Results of new aeromagnetic data SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arctic; aeromagnetics; Alpha Ridge; Lomonosov Ridge; Large Igneous Province; plate tectonics ID FRANZ JOSEF LAND; LOMONOSOV RIDGE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; ALPHA-RIDGE; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; SEISMIC DATA; MAGNETIC-ANOMALIES; ELLESMERE-ISLAND; MENDELEEV RIDGE; MAKAROV BASINS AB The history of the 2.5 million km(2) Amerasia Basin (sensu lato) is in many ways the least known in the global tectonic system. Radically different hypotheses proposed to explain its origin are supported only by inconclusive and/or indirect observations and several outstanding issues on the origin of the Basin remain unaddressed. The difficulty lies in the geodynamic evolution and signature of the Basin being overprinted by excess volcanism of the Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge complex, part of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) and one of the largest (>1 million km(2)) and most intense magmatic and magnetic complexes on Earth. Here, we present the results of a 550,000 km(2) aerogeophysical survey over the poorly explored Lomonosov Ridge (near Greenland) and adjoining Amerasia and Eurasia Basins that provides the first direct evidence for consistent linear magnetic features between the Alpha and Lomonosov Ridges, enabling the tectonic origin of both the Amerasia Basin and the HALIP to be constrained. A landward Lower Cretaceous (similar to 138-125(120) Ma) giant dyke swarm (minimum 350 x 800 km(2)) and tentative oceanward Barremian (or alternatively lower Valanginian-Barremian) seafloor spreading anomalies are revealed. Prior to Cenozoic opening of the Eurasia Basin the giant dyke swarm stretched from Franz Josef Land to the southern Alpha Ridge and possibly further to Queen Elisabeth Islands, Canada. The swarm points towards a 250-km-wide donut-shaped anomaly on the southern Alpha Ridge, which we propose was the centre of the HALIP mantle plume, suggesting that pronounced intrusive activity, associated with an Alpha Ridge mantle plume, took place well before the Late Cretaceous Superchron and caused continental breakup in the northern Amerasia Basin. Our results imply that at least the southern Alpha Ridge as well as large parts of the area between the Lomonosov and southern Alpha Ridges are highly attenuated continental crust formed by poly-phase breakup with LIP volcanic addition. Significantly, our results are consistent with an early (similar to pre-120 Ma) overall continental scale rotational opening of the Amerasia Basin in which the Eurasian continental margin is rifted from the Canadian-southern Alpha Ridge margin about one or more poles in the Mackenzie Delta (Alaska). The findings provide a key to resolving Arctic plate reconstructions and LIPs in the Mesozoic. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dossing, A.; Matzka, J.; Einarsson, I.; Olesen, A. V.] DTU Space, Natl Space Inst, DK-2850 Lyngby, Denmark. [Jackson, H. R.] GSCA, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Rasmussen, T. M.] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland GEUS, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Brozena, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dossing, A (reprint author), DTU Space, Natl Space Inst, DK-2850 Lyngby, Denmark. EM ards@space.dtu.dk RI Matzka, Jurgen/J-9420-2014; Olesen, Arne /M-3398-2016; OI Matzka, Jurgen/0000-0001-9926-2796; Olesen, Arne /0000-0001-9555-9787; Dossing, Arne/0000-0003-0369-3984 NR 78 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 363 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.013 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 113CH UT WOS:000316643300021 ER PT J AU Boulais, KA Santiago, F Wick, PL Mejeur, JM Rayms-Keller, A Lowry, MS Long, KJ Sessions, WD AF Boulais, Kevin A. Santiago, Francisco Wick, Peter L., Jr. Mejeur, Joel M. Rayms-Keller, Alfredo Lowry, Michael S. Long, Karen J. Sessions, Walter D. TI Circuit Analysis of Photosensitive Capacitance in Semi-Insulating GaAs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Capacitance; EL2; photosensitive; reactance; undoped semi-insulating GaAs (USI) ID CAPTURE; CENTERS; LEVEL; FILMS; EL2 AB We describe a circuit model for photosensitive capacitance in bulk semi-insulating GaAs toward tunable resonant applications. Capacitances from two separate regions are considered to interpret experimental results. A smaller valued capacitance exists between the depletion edges within the bulk material. Photodoping in this region progressively shorts out the bulk capacitance, leaving only the higher valued depletion capacitance. The depletion capacitance also increases with illumination, and numerical simulation is used to aid interpretation. Thus, the series combination of capacitance can be optically varied over orders of magnitude. Our results indicate that capacitance is nearly independent of applied voltage over a usable parameter space, making the concept attractive for linear application. C1 [Boulais, Kevin A.; Santiago, Francisco; Wick, Peter L., Jr.; Mejeur, Joel M.; Rayms-Keller, Alfredo; Lowry, Michael S.; Long, Karen J.; Sessions, Walter D.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Boulais, KA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM kevin.boulais@navy.mil; francisco.santiago1@navy.mil; peter.wick@navy.mil; joel.mejeur@navy.mil; alfredo.rayms-keller@navy.mil; michael.s.lowry@navy.mil; karen.j.long@navy.mil; walter.d.sessions@navy.mil FU Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division (NSWCDD) In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program; Naval Innovative Science and Engineering fund; Office of Naval Research FX Manuscript received September 14, 2012; revised November 27, 2012; accepted December 13, 2012. Date of publication January 9, 2013; date of current version January 18, 2013. This work was supported in part by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division (NSWCDD) In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program, by the Naval Innovative Science and Engineering fund managed by NSWCDD, and by the Office of Naval Research. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor A. Haque. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD FEB PY 2013 VL 60 IS 2 SI SI BP 793 EP 798 DI 10.1109/TED.2012.2235070 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 115NB UT WOS:000316817900038 ER PT J AU Day, RM Davis, TA Barshishat-Kupper, M McCart, EA Tipton, AJ Landauer, MR AF Day, R. M. Davis, T. A. Barshishat-Kupper, M. McCart, E. A. Tipton, A. J. Landauer, M. R. TI Enhanced hematopoietic protection from radiation by the combination of genistein and captopril SO INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Radiation protection; Genistein; Captopril; Hematopoietic cell recovery; Erythropoietin; Micronuclei ID TOTAL-BODY IRRADIATION; ANGIOTENSIN-II; PROSTATE-CANCER; SOY ISOFLAVONES; NECK-CANCER; STEM-CELLS; MITIGATION; MICE; THERAPY; INJURY AB The hematopoietic system is sensitive to radiation injury, and mortality can occur due to blood cell deficiency and stem cell loss. Genistein and the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril are two agents shown to protect the hematopoietic system from radiation injury. In this study we examined the combination of genistein with captopril for reduction of radiation-induced mortality from hematopoietic damage and the mechanisms of radiation protection. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 8.25 Gy Co-60 total body irradiation (TBI) to evaluate the effects of genistein and captopril alone and in combination on survival, blood cell recovery, hematopoietic progenitor cell recovery, DNA damage, and erythropoietin production. 8.25 Gy TBI resulted in 0% survival after 30 days in untreated mice. A single subcutaneous injection of genistein administered 24 h before TBI resulted in 72% survival. Administration of captopril in the drinking water, from I h through 30 days postirradiation, increased survival to 55%. Genistein plus captopril increased survival to 95%. Enhanced survival was reflected in a reduction of radiation-induced anemia, improved recovery of nucleated bone marrow cells, splenocytes and circulating red blood cells. The drug combination enhanced early recovery of marrow progenitors: erythroid (CFU-E and BFU-E), and myeloid (CFU-GEMM, CPU-GM and CFU-M). Genistein alone and genistein plus captopril protected hematopoietic progenitor cells from radiation-induced micronuclei, while captopril had no effect Captopril alone and genistein plus captopril, but not genistein alone, suppressed radiation-induced erythropoietin production. These data suggest that genistein and captopril protect the hematopoietic system from radiation injury via independent mechanisms. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Day, R. M.; Barshishat-Kupper, M.; McCart, E. A.; Tipton, A. J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Davis, T. A.] USN, Dept Regenerat Med, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Landauer, M. R.] Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Day, RM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bldg C,Room 2023,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM regina.day@usuhs.edu FU AFRRI Research grant [RAB2GL]; DTRA [H.10025_07_R]; BUMED workunit [604771N.C165.001.A0812] FX Some of the authors are U.S. Government employees. This work was prepared as part of their official duties. Copyright protection is not available for any work of the United States Government under Title 17 U.S.C 101 defined as U.S. Government work prepared by a military service member or U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily the views, official policy or position of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Federal Government. This work was supported by: AFRRI Research grant RAB2GL (MRL), DTRA grant H.10025_07_R (RMD and MRL), and BUMED workunit 604771N.C165.001.A0812 (TAD). MRL holds a patent on the use of isoflavones for radioprotection. All other authors report no conflicts of interest. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-5769 EI 1878-1705 J9 INT IMMUNOPHARMACOL JI Int. Immunopharmacol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 15 IS 2 BP 348 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.12.029 PG 9 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 114VB UT WOS:000316769700022 PM 23328620 ER PT J AU Littman, AJ Jacobson, IG Boyko, EJ Powell, TM Smith, TC AF Littman, A. J. Jacobson, I. G. Boyko, E. J. Powell, T. M. Smith, T. C. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Weight change following US military service SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE military veterans; weight gain; prospective; cohort; posttraumatic stress disorder; military deployment ID VETERANS; OBESITY; COHORT; OVERWEIGHT; VALIDITY; BURDEN AB BACKGROUND: Although overweight and obesity are less prevalent among active-duty military personnel compared with similar persons not serving in the military, no such differences have been observed between veterans and non-veterans. OBJECTIVES: To assess the magnitude of weight changes before, concurrent with and following discharge from the military, relative to weight during service, and to determine the demographic, service-related and psychological characteristics associated with clinically important weight gain among those who were discharged from military service during follow-up. METHODS: Eligible Millennium Cohort Study participants (n = 38 686) completed the questionnaires approximately every 3 years (2001, 2004 and 2007) that were used to estimate annual weight changes, as well as the percentage experiencing clinically important weight gain, defined as >= 10%. Analyses were stratified by sex. RESULTS: Weight gain was greatest around the time of discharge from service and in the 3 years before discharge (1.0-1.3 kg per year), while it was nearly half as much during service (0.6-0.7 kg per year) and >= 3 years after service ended (0.7 kg per year). Consequently, 6-year weight gain was over 2 kg greater in those who were discharged compared with those who remained in the military during follow-up (5.7 vs 3.5 kg in men; 6.3 vs 4.0 kg in women). In those who were discharged, younger age, less education, being overweight at baseline, being in the active-duty component (vs Reserve/National Guard) and having experienced deployment with combat exposures (vs non-deployment) were associated with increased risks of clinically important weight gain. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first prospectively collected evidence for an increased rate of weight gain around the time of military discharge that may explain previously reported higher rates of obesity in veterans, and identifies characteristics of higher-risk groups. Discharge from military service presents a window of risk and opportunity to prevent unhealthy weight gain in military personnel and veterans. International Journal of Obesity (2013) 37, 244-253; doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.46; published online 10 April 2012 C1 [Littman, A. J.; Boyko, E. J.] Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Littman, A. J.] Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jacobson, I. G.; Powell, T. M.; Smith, T. C.] USN, Dept Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Littman, AJ (reprint author), Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst 152E, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, 1100 Olive Way,Suite 1400, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM alyson@u.washington.edu FU Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD; VA Rehabilitation Research and Development Career Development Award [6982]; Cooperative Studies Program, Department of Veterans; Puget Sound VA Medical Center; Department of Defense [60002] FX We are indebted to the Millennium Cohort Study participants, without whom these analyses would not be possible. In addition to the authors, the Millennium Cohort Study Team includes Paul J Amoroso, MD; Gary D Gackstetter, MD, from the Analytic Services, Inc., Arlington, VA; Gregory C Gray, MD, MPH, from the College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Tomoko Hooper, MD, from the Departments of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD; James R Riddle, DVM, MPH, from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH; Margaret AK Ryan, MD, MPH, from Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton, Occupational Health Department; Melissa Bagnell, MPH; Nancy Crum-Cianflone, MD, MPH; Gia Gumbs, MPH; Nisara Granado, MPH, PhD; Jaime Horton; Kelly Jones, MPH; Cynthia LeardMann, MPH; William Lee; Travis Leleu; Michelle Linfesty; Gordon Lynch; Jamie McGrew; Hope McMaster, PhD; Sheila Medina-Torne, MPH; Amanda Pietrucha, MPH; Donald Sandweiss, MD; Amber Seelig, MPH; Beverly Sheppard; Katherine Snell; Steven Speigle; Kari Sausedo, MA; Donald Slymen, PhD; Besa Smith, MPH, PhD; Jennifer Walstrom; Timothy S Wells, DVM, MPH, PhD; Martin White, MPH; James Whitmer; and Charlene Wong, MPH; from the Department of Deployment Health Research, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA. We thank Scott L Seggerman and Greg D Boyd from the Management Information Division, Defense Manpower Data Center, Monterey, CA. Additionally, we thank Michelle LeWark from the Naval Health Research Center. We also thank all the professionals from the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, especially those from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program, Fort Detrick, MD. We appreciate the support of the Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD. Dr Littman was supported by a VA Rehabilitation Research and Development Career Development Award (#6982).; The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs or the US Government. This material is the result of work partly supported with resources and the use of facilities from the Cooperative Studies Program, Department of Veterans and the Puget Sound VA Medical Center. This work represents report 0934, supported by the Department of Defense, under work unit no. 60002. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (Protocol NHRC.2000.007). NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 37 IS 2 BP 244 EP 253 DI 10.1038/ijo.2012.46 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 117DK UT WOS:000316932100014 PM 22491091 ER PT J AU Schultz, MP Flack, KA AF Schultz, M. P. Flack, K. A. TI Reynolds-number scaling of turbulent channel flow SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; WALL TURBULENCE; PIPE; LENGTH AB Results of an experimental study of smooth-wall, fully developed, turbulent channel flow are presented. The Reynolds number (Re-m) based on the channel height and the bulk mean velocity ranged from 10 000 to 300 000. The present results indicate that the skin-friction coefficient (C-f) closely follows a power law for Re-m < 62 000. At higher Reynolds numbers, C-f is best described by a log law. Detailed two-component velocity measurements taken at friction Reynolds numbers of Re-tau = 1000-6000 indicate that the mean flow and Reynolds shear stress display little or no Reynolds-number dependence. The streamwise Reynolds normal stress (<(u('2))over bar>(+)), on the other hand, varies significantly with Reynolds number. The inner peak in (u('2)) over bar (+) is observed to grow with Reynolds number. Growth in (u('2)) over bar (+) farther from the wall is documented over the entire range of Reynolds number giving rise to a plateau in the streamwise Reynolds normal stress in the overlap region of the profile for Re-tau <= 6000. The wall-normal Reynolds normal stress ((v('2)) over bar (+)) displays no Reynolds-number dependence near the wall. Some increase in (v('2)) over bar (+) in the outer layer is noted for Re-tau <= 4000. The trends in the present Reynolds stress results agree qualitatively with recent experimental results from pipe and boundary layer flows. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4791606] C1 [Schultz, M. P.] USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Flack, K. A.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schultz, MP (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for financial support of this research. A debt of gratitude is owed Bill Beaver of the USNA Hydromechanics Lab for his help with the design of the experimental facility. Thanks are due to Dale Bower, Tim Snipes, and Brandon Stanley of the USNA Project Support Branch for machining and constructing the experimental facility. Many thanks also go to Don Bunker and Dan Rhodes of the USNA Hydromechanics Lab for assisting with the experimental setup and data collection. The authors are also very grateful to Professor Henrik Alfredsson, Professor Javier Jimenez, and Dr. Jason Monty for thoughtful discussions and for providing data that have served to improve the present work. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD FEB PY 2013 VL 25 IS 2 AR 025104 DI 10.1063/1.4791606 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 117KI UT WOS:000316951700031 ER PT J AU Wachtor, AJ Grinstein, FF DeVore, CR Ristorcelli, JR Margolin, LG AF Wachtor, A. J. Grinstein, F. F. DeVore, C. R. Ristorcelli, J. R. Margolin, L. G. TI Implicit large-eddy simulation of passive scalar mixing in statistically stationary isotropic turbulence SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-REYNOLDS-NUMBER; HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; FLOWS; FLUX; TRANSPORT; GRADIENT; SCHEMES; JETS AB Turbulent mixing of a passive scalar by forced isotropic turbulence with a prescribed mean scalar gradient is studied in the context of implicit large-eddy simulation. The simulation strategy uses a multi-dimensional compressible flux-corrected transport algorithm, with low wavenumber momentum forcing imposed separately for the solenoidal and dilatational velocity components. Effects of grid resolution on the flow and scalar mixing are investigated at turbulent Mach numbers 0.13 and 0.27. Turbulence metrics are used to show that an implicit large-eddy simulation can accurately capture the mixing transition and asymptotic self-similar behaviors predicted by previous theoretical, laboratory, and direct numerical simulation studies, including asymptotically constant scalar variance and increasing velocity-to-scalar Taylor micro-scales ratio as function of effective Reynolds number determined by grid resolution. The results demonstrate the feasibility of predictive under-resolved simulations of high Reynolds number turbulent scalar mixing using implicit large-eddy simulation. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4783924] C1 [Wachtor, A. J.; Grinstein, F. F.; Ristorcelli, J. R.; Margolin, L. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [DeVore, C. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wachtor, AJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI DeVore, C/A-6067-2015; OI DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X; Wachtor, Adam/0000-0003-0609-9171 FU U.S. Department of Energy NNSA [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; LANL LDRD-ER [20100441ER] FX The authors thank Daniel Livescu for stimulating discussions and for sharing detailed information on his compressible turbulence forcing strategy. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is operated by the Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy NNSA under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. This work was made possible by funding from the LANL LDRD-ER on "LES Modeling for Predictive Simulations of Material Mixing," through exploratory research Project No. 20100441ER. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD FEB PY 2013 VL 25 IS 2 AR 025101 DI 10.1063/1.4783924 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 117KI UT WOS:000316951700028 ER PT J AU Apruzese, JP Giuliani, JL Thornhill, JW Coverdale, CA Jones, B Ampleford, DJ AF Apruzese, J. P. Giuliani, J. L. Thornhill, J. W. Coverdale, C. A. Jones, B. Ampleford, D. J. TI Analysis of spatially resolved Z-pinch spectra to investigate the nature of "bright spots" SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID K-SHELL RADIATION; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; WIRE ARRAYS; ATOMIC-NUMBER; HOT-SPOTS; PLASMAS; PHYSICS; ARGON; LINE; MA AB Localized, intensely radiating regions are often observed in Z pinches. High resolution images of such areas have been recorded at least as far back as the 1970s. However, there is as yet no widely accepted consensus on the nature of these "bright spots" or how they are formed. This phenomenon has also been referred to "hot spots" or "micropinches." To shed further light on this issue, we have analyzed axially resolved K-shell spectra from 4 Z pinches driven by the refurbished Z generator ("ZR") at Sandia National Laboratories, and the previous version of the Z machine ("Z"). The atomic numbers of the loads varied from 13 to 29. We find that higher spatial K-shell intensity in the Al pinch correlates with density. The K-shell intensity within a copper shot taken on ZR correlates strongly with increased electron temperature, but another, somewhat less well-diagnosed copper shot from Z shows correlation with density. The bright spots in a Ti pinch correlate with neither density nor temperature, but do correlate with the product of density and diameter (proportional to opacity). This opacity correlation is also observed in the other 3 pinches. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4792256] C1 [Apruzese, J. P.; Giuliani, J. L.; Thornhill, J. W.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Coverdale, C. A.; Jones, B.; Ampleford, D. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), NRL Engil Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Sandia National Laboratories FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, and by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2013 VL 20 IS 2 AR 022707 DI 10.1063/1.4792256 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 122BK UT WOS:000317289800046 ER PT J AU Weaver, JL Oh, J Phillips, L Afeyan, B Seely, J Kehne, D Brown, CM Obenschain, SP Serlin, V Schmitt, AJ Feldman, U Lehmberg, RH Mclean, E Manka, C AF Weaver, J. L. Oh, J. Phillips, L. Afeyan, B. Seely, J. Kehne, D. Brown, C. M. Obenschain, S. P. Serlin, V. Schmitt, A. J. Feldman, U. Lehmberg, R. H. Mclean, E. Manka, C. TI Observation of parametric instabilities in the quarter critical density region driven by the Nike KrF laser SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; INHOMOGENEOUS PLASMAS; VARIATIONAL APPROACH; RAMAN-SCATTERING; 2-PLASMON DECAY; FUSION; FREQUENCY; EMISSION; FACILITY; PERFORMANCE AB The krypton-fluoride (KrF) laser is an attractive choice for inertial confinement fusion due to its combination of short wavelength (lambda = 248 nm), large bandwidth (up to 3 THz), and superior beam smoothing by induced spatial incoherence. These qualities improve the overall hydrodynamics of directly driven pellet implosions and should allow use of increased laser intensity due to higher thresholds for laser plasma instabilities when compared to frequency tripled Nd:glass lasers (lambda = 351 nm). Here, we report the first observations of the two-plasmon decay instability using a KrF laser. The experiments utilized the Nike laser facility to irradiate solid plastic planar targets over a range of pulse lengths (0.35 ns <= tau <= 1.25 ns) and intensities (up to 2 x 10(15) W/cm(2)). Variation of the laser pulse created different combinations of electron temperature and electron density scale length. The observed onset of instability growth was consistent with the expected scaling that KrF lasers have a higher intensity threshold for instabilities in the quarter critical density region. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4789379] C1 [Weaver, J. L.; Kehne, D.; Brown, C. M.; Obenschain, S. P.; Serlin, V.; Schmitt, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oh, J.; Lehmberg, R. H.; Mclean, E.; Manka, C.] Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20905 USA. [Phillips, L.] Alogus Res Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. [Afeyan, B.] Polymath Res Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. [Seely, J.; Feldman, U.] Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Weaver, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU DoE/NNSA FX Work supported by DoE/NNSA. The authors would also like to thank Glenn Holland of NIST for help with diagnostic development and Dr. F. Young of NRL for discussions regarding hard x-ray diagnostics. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2013 VL 20 IS 2 AR 022701 DI 10.1063/1.4789379 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 122BK UT WOS:000317289800040 ER PT J AU Garfinkel, SL AF Garfinkel, Simson L. TI Digital media triage with bulk data analysis and bulk_extractor SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Digital forensics; Bulk data analysis; bulk_extractor; Optimistic decompression; Windows hibernation files; EnCase; Forensic path; Margin; Parallelized forensic analysis; Stream-based forensics ID FORENSICS; XML AB Bulk data analysis eschews file extraction and analysis, common in forensic practice today, and instead processes data in "bulk," recognizing and extracting salient details ("features") of use in the typical digital forensics investigation. This article presents the requirements, design and implementation of the bulk_extractor, a high-performance carving and feature extraction tool that uses bulk data analysis to allow the triage and rapid exploitation of digital media. Bulk data analysis and the bulk_extractor are designed to complement traditional forensic approaches, not replace them. The approach and implementation offer several important advances over today's forensic tools, including optimistic decompression of compressed data, context-based stop-lists, and the use of a "forensic path" to document both the physical location and forensic transformations necessary to reconstruct extracted evidence. The bulk_extractor is a stream-based forensic tool, meaning that it scans the entire media from beginning to end without seeking the disk head, and is fully parallelized, allowing it to work at the maximum I/O capabilities of the underlying hardware (provided that the system has sufficient CPU resources). Although bulk_extractor was developed as a research prototype, it has proved useful in actual police investigations, two of which this article recounts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. RP Garfinkel, SL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, 900N Glebe, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. EM slgarfin@nps.edu FU NSF [DUE-0919593]; Department of Defense FX The author gratefully acknowledges the participation of John Lehr at the San Luis Obispo Police Department for his use of early bulk_extractor prototypes and his permission to print here the stories regarding the use of bulk_extractor in actual cases. Rob Beverly, Beth Rosenberg and others reviewed earlier versions of this paper and provided useful feedback. Anonymous reviewers provided additional information and criticism that was quite thought-provoking and useful in refining this article. This work was supported by NSF Award DUE-0919593 and the Department of Defense. The views expressed in this document are those of the author and do not represent those of the Department of Defense or the US Government. NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 EI 1872-6208 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 32 BP 56 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.cose.2012.09.011 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 101FD UT WOS:000315759700005 ER PT J AU Chiodi, F Witt, JDS Smits, RGJ Qu, L Halasz, GB Wu, CT Valls, OT Halterman, K Robinson, JWA Blamire, MG AF Chiodi, F. Witt, J. D. S. Smits, R. G. J. Qu, L. Halasz, Gabor B. Wu, C-T Valls, O. T. Halterman, K. Robinson, J. W. A. Blamire, M. G. TI Supra-oscillatory critical temperature dependence of Nb-Ho bilayers SO EPL LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNET; SUPERCURRENT; MULTILAYERS AB We investigate the critical temperature T-c of a thin s-wave superconductor (Nb) proximity coupled to a helical rare-earth ferromagnet (Ho). As a function of the Ho layer thickness, we observe multiple oscillations of T-c superimposed on a slow decay, that we attribute to the influence of the Ho on the Nb proximity effect. Because of the inhomogeneous magnetization in Ho, singlet and triplet pair correlations are present in the bilayers. We take both into consideration when solving the self-consistent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, and we find a reasonable agreement with the experiments. We also observe non-trivial transitions into the superconducting state, the zero resistance state being attained after two successive transitions which appear to be associated with the magnetic structure of Ho. Copyright (c) EPLA, 2013 C1 [Chiodi, F.; Smits, R. G. J.; Qu, L.; Halasz, Gabor B.; Robinson, J. W. A.; Blamire, M. G.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Chiodi, F.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Elect Fondamentale, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Witt, J. D. S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, EC Stoner Lab, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Wu, C-T; Valls, O. T.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Halterman, K.] USN, Michelson Lab, Div Phys, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Valls, O. T.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Chiodi, F (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. EM francesca.chiodi@u-psud.fr; jjr33@cam.ac.uk FU UK EPSRC; Royal Society through a University research Fellowship; IARPA grant [N66001-12-1-2023] FX This work was funded by the UK EPSRC and the Royal Society through a University research Fellowship. OTV and CTW thank IARPA grant N66001-12-1-2023 for partial support. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD FEB PY 2013 VL 101 IS 3 AR 37002 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/101/37002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 096KH UT WOS:000315402200023 ER PT J AU Joo, YH Cho, SG Goh, EM Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Joo, Young-Hyuk Cho, Soo Gyeong Goh, Eun Mee Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Synthesis of Aminotetrazolyl Esters from Cyanogen Azide with Amino Esters SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Synthetic methods; Nitrogen heterocycles; Azides; Amines ID COORDINATION POLYMERS; CONJUGATE ADDITION; TETRAZOLE CATALYST; ACID; CHEMISTRY; ORGANOCATALYST; INHIBITORS; LIGANDS; ANALOGS; ENONES AB Several alpha-amino esters (and their hydrochloride salts) were treated with cyanogen azide at ambient temperature in a mixture of water and acetonitrile to form chiral 5-aminotetrazole derivatives in good yields (47-69%). The cyanogen azide was prepared from cyanogen bromide and sodium azide. Other functionalized alpha-amino esters (cysteine, arginine, histidine, and serine) were formed in only trace amounts and were difficult to purify by column chromatography. All 5-aminotetrazoles (i.e., 1-8) were characterized by IR spectroscopy, H-1, C-13, and N-15 NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The structures of 3-7 were obtained by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. C1 [Joo, Young-Hyuk] Hanwha Corp, Def R&D Ctr, Dept Energet Mat & Pyrotech, Taejon 305156, South Korea. [Cho, Soo Gyeong; Goh, Eun Mee] Agcy Def Dev, Def Adv R&D Ctr, Taejon 305600, South Korea. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM joo2011@hanwha.co.kr; jshreeve@uidaho.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-0097]; Agency for Defense Development (Korea) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research, Dr. Clifford Bedford (grant number N00014-10-0097) and the Agency for Defense Development (Korea). NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 33 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-193X J9 EUR J ORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Org. Chem. PD FEB PY 2013 IS 4 BP 688 EP 692 DI 10.1002/ejoc.201201153 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 107CT UT WOS:000316193000008 ER PT J AU Meylemans, HA Baldwin, LC Harvey, BG AF Meylemans, Heather A. Baldwin, Lawrence C. Harvey, Benjamin G. TI Low-Temperature Properties of Renewable High-Density Fuel Blends SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID JET FUEL; HYDROCARBON FUELS; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; DIESEL FUELS; OILS; BIODIESEL AB The low-temperature properties of high-density terpene dimer fuels and fuel mixtures with JP-8, JP-10, and hydrogenated pinene have been studied by shear viscometry and thermomechanical analysis (TMA). Neat terpene dimers have a viscosity of 3.94 X 10(3) mPa.s at -10 degrees C, while 50:50 mixtures with JP-10, RJ-4, pinane, and JP-8 have viscosities 2-3 orders of magnitude lower at 23.9, 53.0, 24.9, and 3.7 mPa.s, respectively. Linear and branched alkanes in JP-8 disrupt glass formation of the dimers, explaining the significant difference between the viscosity afforded by bicyclic diluents and JP-8. To complement the viscosity data, TMA was used to observe low-temperature transitions (T-m and T-g) of the blended fuels. Mixtures of the terpene chillers with cyclic molecules show only glass transition temperatures with no observable melting points, while mixtures with JP-8 and decane show T-g values that transition to melting points at high concentrations of terpene dimers. The results suggest that blending conventional fuels with terpene dimers is an effective strategy for mitigating the high viscosity of the C20 molecules. In addition, blending these renewable fuels with conventional jet fuel (JP-8) imparts both a higher density as well as an improved volumetric net heat of combustion while maintaining an acceptable low-temperature viscosity when compared to JP-8 alone. C1 [Meylemans, Heather A.; Baldwin, Lawrence C.; Harvey, Benjamin G.] USN, Naval Air Syst Command NAVAIR, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Chem,Res Dept,Weap Div NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Meylemans, HA (reprint author), USN, Naval Air Syst Command NAVAIR, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Chem,Res Dept,Weap Div NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM heather.meylemans@navy.mil; benjamin.g.harvey@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001411WX20949] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research (Award N0001411WX20949). The authors thank Roxanne Quintana for GC-MS analysis and Shannon Haines for synthesizing the pinane. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 883 EP 888 DI 10.1021/ef301608z PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 096VD UT WOS:000315431900033 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL Cowart, JS Hamilton, LJ Hoang, DT Brown, EK Trulove, PC AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning Cowart, Jim S. Hamilton, Leonard J. Hoang, David T. Brown, Eva K. Trulove, Paul C. TI Development of a Surrogate Mixture for Algal-Based Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; SURFACE-TENSION; FUEL; KEROSENE AB In this study, the chemical composition and physical properties of an algal-based hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) fuel were used to develop a surrogate mixture containing commercially available hydrocarbons. Analysis of the chemical composition of the algal HRD showed a small quantity of low-molecular-weight components and a high quantity of four high-molecular-weight components: n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane, and n-octadecane. Using these four components, a fifth branched component was added to match the physical properties of the algal HRD. Candidates for the fifth component were 2-methyloctane, 2-methylnonane, isooctane, and isododecane. The isooctane- and isododecane-based surrogates were tested in a Yanmar engine along with algal HRD and petroleum F76 diesel to assess the start of ignition, start of combustion, ignition delay, maximum rate of heat release, and overall combustion duration. The surrogate that best matches the physical properties of the flash point, density, viscosity, and surface tension as well as most closely reflecting the combustion metrics is one containing isododecane, n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane, and n-octadecane. C1 [Prak, Dianne J. Luning; Hoang, David T.; Brown, Eva K.; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cowart, Jim S.; Hamilton, Leonard J.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research for funding this project. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 954 EP 961 DI 10.1021/ef301879g PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 096VD UT WOS:000315431900040 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, K Allison, RD Wang, RY Bare, P Matsuura, K Schechterly, C Murthy, K Marincola, FM Alter, HJ AF Fujiwara, Kei Allison, Robert D. Wang, Richard Y. Bare, Patricia Matsuura, Kentaro Schechterly, Cathy Murthy, Krishna Marincola, Francesco M. Alter, Harvey J. TI Investigation of Residual Hepatitis C Virus in Presumed Recovered Subjects SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HCV-INFECTED PATIENTS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; REPLICATION; PERSISTENCE; DONORS; RNA; REEMERGENCE AB Recent studies have found hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the majority of presumed recovered subjects. We investigated this unexpected finding using samples from patients whose HCV RNA and anti-HCV status had been serially confirmed. HCV RNA was detected in PBMCs from 66 of 67 chronic HCV carriers. Subpopulation analysis revealed that the viral load (log copies/10(6) cells) in B cells (4.14 +/- 0.71) was higher than in total PBMCs (3.62 +/- 0.71; P < 0.05), T cells (1.67 +/- 0.88; P < 0.05), and non-B/T cells (2.48 +/- 1.15; P < 0.05). HCV negative-strand RNA was not detected in PBMCs from any of 25 chronically infected patients. No residual viral RNA was detected in total PBMCs or plasma of 59 presumed recovered subjects (11 spontaneous and 48 treatment induced) using nested real-time polymerase chain reaction with a detection limit of 2 copies/mu g RNA (from similar to 1 x 10(6) cells). PBMCs from 2 healthy HCV-negative blood donors became HCV RNA positive, with B-cell predominance, when mixed in vitro with HCV RNA-positive plasma, thus passively mimicking cells from chronic HCV carriers. No residual HCV was detected in liver or other tissues from 2 spontaneously recovered chimpanzees. Conclusion: (1) HCV RNA was detected in PBMCs of most chronic HCV carriers and was predominant in the B-cell subpopulation; (2) HCV detected in PBMCs was in a nonreplicative form; (3) HCV passively adsorbed to PBMCs of healthy controls in vitro, becoming indistinguishable from PBMCs of chronic HCV carriers; and (4) residual HCV was not detected in plasma or PBMCs of any spontaneous or treatment-recovered subjects or in chimpanzee liver, suggesting that the classic pattern of recovery from HCV infection is generally equivalent to viral eradication. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;57:483-491) C1 [Fujiwara, Kei; Allison, Robert D.; Wang, Richard Y.; Bare, Patricia; Schechterly, Cathy; Marincola, Francesco M.; Alter, Harvey J.] NIH, Dept Transfus Med, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Matsuura, Kentaro] Nagoya City Univ, Dept Gastroenterol & Metab, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Murthy, Krishna] Texas Biomed Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Fujiwara, Kei] Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Allison, Robert D.] USN, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Bare, Patricia] Acad Nacl Med Buenos Aires, Inst Invest Hematol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Alter, HJ (reprint author), NIH, Dept Transfus Med, Bldg 10,Room 1C-711,10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM HAlter@cc.nih.gov OI Allison, Robert/0000-0001-8458-5250 FU Intramural Research Program of the Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health; Hepatitis Virus Research Foundation of Japan FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health. K.F. was supported by the Hepatitis Virus Research Foundation of Japan NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD FEB PY 2013 VL 57 IS 2 BP 483 EP 491 DI 10.1002/hep.25921 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 099TA UT WOS:000315643400009 PM 22729600 ER PT J AU Masterson, DM AF Masterson, Daniel M. TI Japanese and Nikkei at Home and Abroad: Negotiating Identities in a Global World SO JOURNAL OF ETHNIC AND MIGRATION STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Masterson, Daniel M.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Masterson, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM masterso@usna.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1369-183X J9 J ETHN MIGR STUD JI J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 39 IS 2 SI SI BP 331 EP 332 DI 10.1080/1369183X.2012.740973 PG 2 WC Demography; Ethnic Studies SC Demography; Ethnic Studies GA 100QY UT WOS:000315717500011 ER PT J AU El-Gendy, AM Mansour, A Shaheen, HI Monteville, MR Armstrong, AW El-Sayed, N Young, SYN Klena, JD AF El-Gendy, Atef M. Mansour, Adel Shaheen, Hind I. Monteville, Marshall R. Armstrong, Adam W. El-Sayed, Nasr Young, Sylvia Y. N. Klena, John D. TI Genotypic characterization of Egypt enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates expressing coli surface antigen 6 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LA English DT Article DE Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; children; diarrhea; Egypt ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; COLONIZATION FACTOR CS6; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; VIRULENCE FACTORS; STRAINS; CHILDREN; ETEC AB Introduction: One approach to control enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections has been to develop vaccines focused on inducing protective immunity against surface expressed antigenic factors. One such factor is coli surface antigen 6 (CS6); ETEC isolates expressing CS6 may also simultaneously co-express surface antigens CS4 or CS5. However, there is little information regarding the inter-relationships of isolates expressing the CS6 antigen alone or in combination with CS4 or CS5. Methodology: A total of 62 CS6-associated ETEC isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial susceptibility, mechanisms of resistance, toxin genes, colonization factor expression, and XbaI-pulsed-field gel electrophoretic profiles. Results: We observed 46 XbaI profiles; 31 were exclusive to ETEC expressing CS6 alone and 15 among the ETEC co-expressing CS4 or CS5. Nearly half (47%) of these isolates were resistant to ampicillin, a third (37%) of the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 24% of the isolates were tetracycline-resistant. A bla(TEM) gene was detected in 24 (83%) ampicillin-resistant isolates. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates (n = 23) carried either sulI (n = 1, 4%), sulII (n = 8, 35%) or both genes (n = 10, 43%); 4 had no detectable sul gene. Conclusion: Our results show a lack of clonality among Egypt CS6 E. coli isolates and supports the use and the further research on vaccines targeting this cell surface antigen. C1 [El-Gendy, Atef M.; Mansour, Adel; Shaheen, Hind I.; Monteville, Marshall R.; Armstrong, Adam W.; Young, Sylvia Y. N.; Klena, John D.] US Naval Med Res Unit 3, Clin Trials & Mil Studies Program, Cairo, Egypt. [El-Sayed, Nasr] Egyptian Minist Hlth, Cairo, Egypt. [Monteville, Marshall R.; Young, Sylvia Y. N.] USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 6, Honolulu, HI USA. [Armstrong, Adam W.] USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Cent HIV Program, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Klena, JD (reprint author), Unit 7300, Box 060, Dpo, AP 96521 USA. EM irc4@cn.cdc.gov FU Naval Medical Research Command [M00101.HIX.3421, M00101.PIX.3270]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [Y1-HD-0026-01]; World Health Organization Global Program for Vaccines and Immunization; World Health Organization Control of Diarrheal Diseases Program FX The opinions and assertions herein are the private views of the authors and should not be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the United States Department of the Navy, US Department of Defense, nor the US Government. Financial support for the study was provided by the Naval Medical Research Command (Work Unit no. M00101.HIX.3421 and M00101.PIX.3270), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Interagency Agreement Y1-HD-0026-01), the World Health Organization Global Program for Vaccines and Immunization, and the World Health Organization Control of Diarrheal Diseases Program. The study from which the bacterial strains characterized herein were derived (DOD # 30967) was performed in strict conformity with all ethical guidelines of the U.S. government. Informed consent was obtained from a parent of each subject before screening; this consent included phenotypic and genetic characterization of the ETEC isolates. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU J INFECTION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES PI TRAMANIGLIO PA JIDC CENT OFF PORTO CONTE RICERCHE RES CTR, S P 55, PORTO CONTE CAPO CACCIA KM 8.400 LOC, TRAMANIGLIO, 07041, ITALY SN 1972-2680 J9 J INFECT DEV COUNTR JI J. Infect. Dev. Ctries. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 7 IS 2 BP 90 EP 100 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 092JU UT WOS:000315117600004 PM 23416654 ER PT J AU Sanghera, J Kim, W Villalobos, G Shaw, B Baker, C Frantz, J Sadowski, B Aggarwal, I AF Sanghera, Jasbinder Kim, Woohong Villalobos, Guillermo Shaw, Brandon Baker, Colin Frantz, Jesse Sadowski, Bryan Aggarwal, Ishwar TI Ceramic laser materials: Past and present SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Laser Ceramics Symposium (LCS) CY NOV 14-17, 2011 CL Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore, SINGAPORE HO Nanyang Technol Univ DE Ceramics; Laser materials; Solid state lasers; Sesquioxides; Non-oxide ceramics ID SOLID-STATE LASERS; PERFORMANCE; GENERATION; EFFICIENCY; CRYSTALS AB Recently, 100 KW output power from YAG ceramic laser system has been demonstrated. It is a remarkable achievement considering that only a few milli-watt power was observed from the ceramic laser materials when first reported in the 1960s. This great improvement is mainly due to the success in high purity powder synthesis, development in new sintering technology and novel ideas in optics and device design. Additional developments have included highly doped microchip lasers, ultrashort pulse lasers, novel materials such as sesquioxides, fluoride ceramic lasers, selenide ceramic lasers in the 2-3 mu m region, composite ceramic lasers for better thermal management, and single crystal lasers derived from polycrystalline ceramics. In this paper, we highlight some of these notable milestones and achievements and forecast the future in polycrystalline ceramic laser materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sanghera, Jasbinder; Kim, Woohong; Villalobos, Guillermo; Shaw, Brandon; Baker, Colin; Frantz, Jesse] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sadowski, Bryan; Aggarwal, Ishwar] Sotera Def Solut, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Sanghera, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jas.sanghera@nrl.navy.mil; rick.kim@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015 NR 26 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 8 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 EI 1873-1252 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 35 IS 4 SI SI BP 693 EP 699 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2012.04.021 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 096UY UT WOS:000315431400002 ER PT J AU Ancona, MG Snow, AW Perkins, FK Pate, B Park, D AF Ancona, M. G. Snow, A. W. Perkins, F. K. Pate, B. Park, D. TI Analyte kinetics in a nanocluster-based chemiresistor: A case study SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Chemiresistor; Chemical kinetics; Gold nanoclusters; Amines; Diffusion ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; SENSOR; METAL; RESISTIVITY; ENSEMBLE; CLUSTER; SYSTEM; AMINES AB Nanoparticulate metal-insulator-metal ensemble chemiresistors in which the Au nanoclusters are functionalized with mercaptohexanoic acid are investigated as sensors of amines, and especially of triethylamine to which they are found to be extraordinarily sensitive with a minimum detectable level of less than 500 ppt. The dependences of the response on dose, time, and temperature are studied in detail. Modeling indicates that the entire data set is well explained by the interaction of partitioning and diffusion processes, both of which are temperature dependent. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ancona, M. G.; Snow, A. W.; Perkins, F. K.; Pate, B.; Park, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ancona@estd.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research for funding support. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 177 BP 936 EP 946 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2012.11.105 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 101BU UT WOS:000315751000125 ER PT J AU Currie, M Dianat, P Persano, A Martucci, MC Quaranta, F Cola, A Nabet, B AF Currie, Marc Dianat, Pouya Persano, Anna Martucci, Maria Concetta Quaranta, Fabio Cola, Adriano Nabet, Bahram TI Performance Enhancement of a GaAs Detector with a Vertical Field and an Embedded Thin Low-Temperature Grown Layer SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE photodetector; photodiode; GaAs; low-temperature grown GaAs; electro-optic sampling; ultrafast detector; heterojunction; Schottky contact ID SEMICONDUCTOR-METAL PHOTODETECTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY AB Low temperature growth of GaAs (LT-GaAs) near 200 degrees C results in a recombination lifetime of nearly 1 ps, compared with approximately 1 ns for regular temperature similar to 600 degrees C grown GaAs (RT-GaAs), making it suitable for ultra high speed detection applications. However, LT-GaAs detectors usually suffer from low responsivity due to low carrier mobility. Here we report electro-optic sampling time response measurements of a detector that employs an AlGaAs heterojunction, a thin layer of LT-GaAs, a channel of RT-GaAs, and a vertical electric field that together facilitate collection of optically generated electrons while suppressing collection of lower mobility holes. Consequently, these devices have detection efficiency near that of RT-GaAs yet provide pulse widths nearly an order of magnitude faster-similar to 6 ps for a cathode-anode separation of 1.3 mu m and similar to 12 ps for distances more than 3 mu m. C1 [Currie, Marc] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dianat, Pouya; Nabet, Bahram] Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Persano, Anna; Martucci, Maria Concetta; Quaranta, Fabio; Cola, Adriano] IMM CNR, Unit Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. RP Currie, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.currie@nrl.navy.mil; pouya.dianat@gmail.com; anna.persano@le.imm.cnr.it; concetta.martucci@le.imm.cnr.it; fabio.quaranta@le.imm.cnr.it; adriano.cola@le.imm.cnr.it; bahram.nabet@drexel.edu RI Dianat, Pouya/C-6471-2013; Cola, Adriano/G-2379-2010; OI PERSANO, ANNA/0000-0002-4239-4074 FU NSF Award [ECCS-0702716]; Office of Naval Research; ASEE-ONR Summer Faculty Research Fellowship FX This work was partially supported by NSF Award No. ECCS-0702716, the Office of Naval Research, and an ASEE-ONR Summer Faculty Research Fellowship. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 22 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD FEB PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 2475 EP 2483 DI 10.3390/s130202475 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 096KS UT WOS:000315403300063 PM 23429510 ER PT J AU Rostkier-Edelstein, D Hacker, JP AF Rostkier-Edelstein, Dorita Hacker, Joshua P. TI Impact of Flow Dependence, Column Covariance, and Forecast Model Type on Surface-Observation Assimilation for Probabilistic PBL Profile Nowcasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; KALMAN FILTER; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; FACTOR SEPARATION; ENSEMBLE-FILTER; PART I; STATE; CONVECTION; IMPLEMENTATION; PREDICTIONS AB A probabilistic verification and factor-separation analysis (FSA) elucidate skillful nowcasts of planetary boundary layer (PBL) temperature, moisture, and wind profiles with a single-column model (SCM) and ensemble filter (EF) assimilation of surface observations. Recently, an FSA showed the importance of surface assimilation versus advection and radiation on ensemble-mean skill. That work addressed the necessary complexity of the model and assimilation scheme for improving PBL nowcasts, relative to deterministic-mesoscale predictions. Here, probabilistic ensemble-based SCM forecasts are compared to a simple probabilistic postprocessing scheme termed climatological dressing (CD). CD adjusts a deterministic mesoscale forecast using surface-atmosphere 3D-climatological covariances, a 30-min persistence model, and surface-forecast errors. It also dresses the adjusted profile with an in-sample uncertainty distribution (obtained from archives) scaled by the 30-min forecast error. Superior deterministic skill from SCM/EF results during night when flow-dependent covariances are more accurate than climatological covariances. CD is deterministically more skillful for temperature and moisture profiles during daytime because SCM/PBL parameterization yields biased covariances. SCM/EF is most probabilistically skillful because (a) the EF covariances accommodate large seasonal variability, (b) the 30-min error persistence assumption fails during nighttime, and (c) vertical error covariance estimates from archived forecasts are generally poor estimates of actual error covariances. A probabilistic FSA of the SCM/EF shows the relative importance of surface assimilation, radiation parameterization, and advection during night. Results confirm surface assimilation as the most important factor. A factor can be deterministically beneficial and probabilistically detrimental, or vice versa, depending on its role in reducing mean error or improving sharpness. Assimilation results in notable probabilistic improvement for nowcasts of low-level jet structures. C1 [Rostkier-Edelstein, Dorita] Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-74100 Ness Ziona, Israel. [Hacker, Joshua P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Rostkier-Edelstein, D (reprint author), Israel Inst Biol Res, POB 19, IL-74100 Ness Ziona, Israel. EM doritar@iibr.gov.il FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division FX The authors are grateful to the developers of the NCAR Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) for providing a useful platform for experimentation. We acknowledge M. Pocernic and E. Gilleland for guidance on the R packages ("verification" and "bootstrap"; http://www.r-project.org) that were used for our calculations. We acknowledge T. Hopson and Z. Klausner for insightful discussions on the bootstrap technique. Yehuda Alexander is thanked for fruitful discussion. Data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 29 EP 54 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00043.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HT UT WOS:000315540800002 ER PT J AU Metzger, E Nuss, WA AF Metzger, Eric Nuss, Wendell A. TI The Relationship between Total Cloud Lightning Behavior and Radar-Derived Thunderstorm Structure SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SEVERE WEATHER; NORTH TEXAS; PART II; SUPERCELLS; SIGNATURES; INTENSITY; TRENDS; ARRAY AB Total lightning detection systems have been in development since the mid-1980s and deployed in several areas around the world. Previous studies on total lightning found intra- and intercloud lightning (IC) activity tends to fluctuate significantly during the lifetime of thunderstorms and have indicated that lightning jumps or rapid changes in lightning flash rates are closely linked to changes in the vertical integrated liquid (VIL) reading on the National Weather Service's Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) systems. This study examines the total lightning and its relationship to WSR-88D signatures used operationally to determine thunderstorm severity to highlight the potential benefit of a combined forecast approach. Lightning and thunderstorm data from the Dallas Fort Worth, Texas, and Tucson, Arizona, areas from 2006 to 2009, were used to relate total lightning behavior and radar interrogation techniques. The results indicate that lightning jumps can be classified into severe wind, hail, or mixed-type jumps based on the behavior of various radar-based parameters. In 25 of 34 hail-type jumps and in 18 of 20 wind-type jumps, a characteristic change in cloud-to-ground (CG) versus IC lightning flash rates occurred prior to the report of severe weather. For hail-type jumps, IC flash rates increased, while CG flash rates were steady or decreased. For wind-type jumps, CG flash rates increased, while IC flash rates either increased (12 of 18) or were steady or decreased (6 of 18). Although not every lightning jump resulted in a severe weather report, the characteristic behavior in flash rates adds information to radar-based approaches for nowcasting the severe weather type. C1 [Metzger, Eric; Nuss, Wendell A.] USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nuss, WA (reprint author), USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Root Hall 254,Code MR Nu,589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nuss@nps.edu NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 237 EP 253 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00157.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HT UT WOS:000315540800013 ER PT J AU Tyndall, DP Horel, JD AF Tyndall, Daniel P. Horel, John D. TI Impacts of Mesonet Observations on Meteorological Surface Analyses SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; DATA ASSIMILATION; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; SINGULAR VECTORS; REAL-TIME; SENSITIVITY; ADJOINT; INTERPOLATION; PREDICTION; RADIOSONDE AB Given the heterogeneous equipment, maintenance and reporting practices, and siting of surface observing stations, subjective decisions that depend on the application tend to be made to use some observations and to avoid others. This research determines objectively high-impact surface observations of 2-m temperature, 2-m dewpoint, and 10-m wind observations using the adjoint of a two-dimensional variational surface analysis over the contiguous United States. The analyses reflect a weighted blend of 1-h numerical forecasts used as background grids and available observations. High-impact observations are defined as arising from poor observation quality, observation representativeness errors, or accurate observed weather conditions not evident in the background field. The impact of nearly 20 000 surface observations is computed over a sample of 100 analysis hours during 25 major weather events. Observation impacts are determined for each station as well as within broad network categories. For individual analysis hours, high-impact observations are located in regions of significant weather-typically, where the background field fails to define the local weather conditions. Low-impact observations tend to be ones where there are many observations reporting similar departures from the background. When averaged over the entire 100 cases, observations with the highest impact are found within all network categories and depend strongly on their location relative to other observing sites and the amount of variability in the weather; for example, temperature observations have reduced impact in urban areas such as Los Angeles, California, where observations are plentiful and temperature departures from the background grids are small. C1 [Tyndall, Daniel P.; Horel, John D.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Tyndall, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dan.tyndall.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil FU National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, CSTAR program [NA10NWS 468005] FX We wish to thank Xia Dong for her participation in the application of the UU2DVar, Zachary Hansen for his assistance with the manual blacklisting of the observations, and Matthew Lammers for his investigations of observation bias and impact. We also appreciate the three anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments that improved this paper. This research was supported by the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA10NWS 468005 as part of the CSTAR program. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 254 EP 269 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00027.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HT UT WOS:000315540800014 ER PT J AU Sampson, CR Wittmann, PA Serra, EA Tolman, HL Schauer, J Marchok, T AF Sampson, Charles R. Wittmann, Paul A. Serra, Efren A. Tolman, Hendrik L. Schauer, Jessica Marchok, Timothy TI Evaluation of Wave Forecasts Consistent with Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Wind Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED-FETCH WAVES; HURRICANE SEASON; MODELS; SYSTEM; NCEP; PERFORMANCE; CURRENTS; OCEAN; NAVY AB An algorithm to generate wave fields consistent with forecasts from the official U.S. tropical cyclone forecast centers has been made available in near real time to forecasters since summer 2007. The algorithm removes the tropical cyclone from numerical weather prediction model surface wind field forecasts, replaces the removed winds with interpolated values from surrounding grid points, and then adds a surface wind field generated from the official forecast into the background. The modified wind fields are then used as input into the WAVEWATCH III model to provide seas consistent with the official tropical cyclone forecasts. Although this product is appealing to forecasters because of its consistency and its superior tropical cyclone track forecast, there has been only anecdotal evaluation of resulting wave fields to date. This study evaluates this new algorithm for two years' worth of Atlantic tropical cyclones and compares results with those of WAVEWATCH III run with U.S. Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) surface winds alone. Results show that the new algorithm has generally improved forecasts of maximum significant wave heights and 12-ft seas' radii in proximity to tropical cyclones when compared with forecasts produced using only the NO GAPS surface winds. C1 [Sampson, Charles R.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Wittmann, Paul A.] Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. [Serra, Efren A.] DeVine Consulting, Monterey, CA USA. [Tolman, Hendrik L.] NOAA NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Schauer, Jessica] Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Marchok, Timothy] NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), NRL, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sampson@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge the staffs at NHC, JTWC, and the ship routers at the Naval Maritime Forecast Centers for suggestions, evaluations, and moral support. Special thanks are extended to Chris Landsea for his careful reading of this manuscript and for his efforts within the JHT. Thanks to Chris Sisko, Chris Lauer, Hugh Cobb, Scott Stripling, and the rest of the TAFB unit at NHC for technical expertise and feedback. Thanks are extended to John Cook, Jim Hansen, Ted Tsui, and Simon Chang for their efforts to get operationally oriented projects like this funded. Thanks to Mike Fiorino, Chuck Skupniewicz, Ann Schrader, Mike Frost, and Glenn Nelson for their contributions. The manuscript is funded by the Office of Naval Research, and the support and advocacy of Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, is greatly appreciated. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00060.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HT UT WOS:000315540800016 ER PT J AU Brouillet, N Despois, D Baudry, A Peng, TC Favre, C Wootten, A Remijan, AJ Wilson, TL Combes, F Wlodarczak, G AF Brouillet, N. Despois, D. Baudry, A. Peng, T. -C. Favre, C. Wootten, A. Remijan, A. J. Wilson, T. L. Combes, F. Wlodarczak, G. TI CH3OCH3 in Orion-KL: a striking similarity with HCOOCH3 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; ISM: molecules; radio lines: ISM; ISM: individual objects: Orion-KL ID MOLECULAR LINE SURVEY; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY; DIMETHYL ETHER; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; METHYL FORMATE; HOT-CORE; INTERSTELLAR-MOLECULES; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; COMPLEX CHEMISTRY AB Context. Orion-KL is a remarkable, nearby star-forming region where a recent explosive event has generated shocks that could have released complex molecules from the grain mantles. Aims. A comparison of the distribution of the different complex molecules will help in understanding their formation and constraining the chemical models. Methods. We used several data sets from the Plateau de Bure Interferometer to map the dimethyl ether emission with different arcsec spatial resolutions and different energy levels (from E-up = 18 to 330 K) to compare with our previous methyl formate maps. Results. Our data show remarkable similarity between the dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3) and the methyl formate (HCOOCH3) distributions even on a small scale (1.8 '' x 0.8 '' or similar to 500 AU). This long suspected similarity, seen from both observational and theoretical arguments, is demonstrated with unprecedented confidence, with a correlation coefficient of maps similar to 0.8. Conclusions. A common precursor is the simplest explanation of our correlation. Comparisons with previous laboratory work and chemical models suggest the major role of grain surface chemistry and a recent release, probably with little processing, of mantle molecules by shocks. In this case the CH3O radical produced from methanol ice would be the common precursor (whereas ethanol, C2H5OH, is produced from the radical CH2OH). The alternative gas phase scheme, where protonated methanol CH3OH2+ is the common precursor to produce methyl formate and dimethyl ether through reactions with HCOOH and CH3OH, is also compatible with our data. Our observations cannot yet definitely allow a choice between the different chemical processes, but the tight correlation between the distributions of HCOOCH3 and CH3OCH3 strongly contrasts with the different behavior we observe for the distributions of ethanol and formic acid. This provides a very significant constraint on models. C1 [Brouillet, N.; Despois, D.; Baudry, A.; Peng, T. -C.] Univ Bordeaux, LAB, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France. [Brouillet, N.; Despois, D.; Baudry, A.; Peng, T. -C.] CNRS, LAB, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France. [Favre, C.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Wootten, A.; Remijan, A. J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Wilson, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Combes, F.] Observ Paris, CNRS, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Wlodarczak, G.] Univ Lille 1, Lab Phys Lasers Atomes & Mol, UMR 8523, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Brouillet, N (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux, LAB, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France. EM brouillet@obs.u-bordeaux1.fr; despois@obs.u-bordeaux1.fr; baudry@obs.u-bordeaux1.fr; favre@phys.au.dk; awootten@nrao.edu; aremijan@nrao.edu; tom.wilson@nrl.navy.mil; francoise.combes@obspm.fr; georges.wlodarczak@univ-lille1.fr FU INSU/CNRS (France); MPG (Germany); IGN (Spain); CNRS national programs PCMI (Physics and Chemistry of the Interstellar Medium); GDR Exobiology FX Based on observations carried out with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain).; This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at the CDS, Strasbourg, France, and of the Splatalogue database (http://www.splatalogue.net, Remijan et al. 2007). This work was supported by the CNRS national programs PCMI (Physics and Chemistry of the Interstellar Medium) and GDR Exobiology. We thank J. Cernicharo for his IRAM 30 m spectra. We thank the referee and the editor for raising interesting issues. NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 550 AR A46 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201219983 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089AJ UT WOS:000314879700046 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Fischer, J Bruderer, S Muller, HSP Gracia-Carpio, J Sturm, E Lutz, D Poglitsch, A Feuchtgruber, H Veilleux, S Contursi, A Sternberg, A Hailey-Dunsheath, S Verma, A Christopher, N Davies, R Genzel, R Tacconi, L AF Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Fischer, J. Bruderer, S. Mueller, H. S. P. Gracia-Carpio, J. Sturm, E. Lutz, D. Poglitsch, A. Feuchtgruber, H. Veilleux, S. Contursi, A. Sternberg, A. Hailey-Dunsheath, S. Verma, A. Christopher, N. Davies, R. Genzel, R. Tacconi, L. TI Excited OH+, H2O+, and H3O+ in NGC 4418 and Arp 220 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE line: formation; line: identification; ISM: abundances; galaxies: ISM; infrared: galaxies; molecular processes ID IMPACT ROTATIONAL-EXCITATION; LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; LASER MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; RAY IONIZATION RATE; STARBURST GALAXY; INTERSTELLAR OH+; HERSCHEL-PACS; MOLECULAR GAS; DOMINATED REGIONS AB We report on Herschel/PACS observations of absorption lines of OH+, H2O+ and H3O+ in NGC 4418 and Arp 220. Excited lines of OH+ and H2O+ with E-lower of at least 285 and similar to 200 K, respectively, are detected in both sources, indicating radiative pumping and location in the high radiation density environment of the nuclear regions. Abundance ratios OH+/H2O+ of 1-2.5 are estimated in the nuclei of both sources. The inferred OH+ column and abundance relative to H nuclei are (0.5-1) x 10(16) cm(-2) and similar to 2 x 10(-8), respectively. Additionally, in Arp 220, an extended low excitation component around the nuclear region is found to have OH+/H2O+ similar to 5-10. H3O+ is detected in both sources with N(H3O+) similar to (0.5-2) x 10(16) cm(-2), and in Arp 220 the pure inversion, metastable lines indicate a high rotational temperature of similar to 500 K, indicative of formation pumping and/or hot gas. Simple chemical models favor an ionization sequence dominated by H+ -> O+ -> OH+ -> H2O+ -> H3O+, and we also argue that the H+ production is most likely dominated by X-ray/cosmic ray ionization. The full set of observations and models leads us to propose that the molecular ions arise in a relatively low density (similar to 10(4) cm(-3)) interclump medium, in which case the ionization rate per H nucleus (including secondary ionizations) is zeta > 10(-13) s(-1), a lower limit that is several x 10(2) times the highest current rate estimates for Galactic regions. In Arp 220, our lower limit for zeta is compatible with estimates for the cosmic ray energy density inferred previously from the supernova rate and synchrotron radio emission, and also with the expected ionization rate produced by X-rays. In NGC 4418, we argue that X-ray ionization due to an active galactic nucleus is responsible for the molecular ion production. C1 [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis & Matemat, Madrid 28871, Spain. [Fischer, J.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bruderer, S.; Gracia-Carpio, J.; Sturm, E.; Lutz, D.; Poglitsch, A.; Feuchtgruber, H.; Contursi, A.; Davies, R.; Genzel, R.; Tacconi, L.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Mueller, H. S. P.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Veilleux, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Veilleux, S.] NASA, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sternberg, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Hailey-Dunsheath, S.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Verma, A.; Christopher, N.] Univ Oxford, Oxford Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Gonzalez-Alfonso, E (reprint author), Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis & Matemat, Campus Univ, Madrid 28871, Spain. EM eduardo.gonzalez@uah.es OI Mueller, Holger/0000-0002-0183-8927 FU BMVIT (Austria); ESAPRODEX (Belgium); CEA/CNES (France); DLR (Germany); ASI/INAF (Italy); CICYT/MCYT (Spain); Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [AYA2010-21697-C05-01]; NHSC; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) [FKZ 50OF0901]; NASA [RSA 1427277]; NASA FX We thank the referee, David A. Neufeld, for useful indications that improved the manuscript. PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM (France); MPIA (Germany); INAFIFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy); IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESAPRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). E. G.-A. is a Research Associate at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and thanks the support by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion under project AYA2010-21697-C05-01. Basic research in IR astronomy at NRL is funded by the US ONR; J.F. also acknowledges support from the NHSC. H. S. P. M. acknowledges support by the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) through project FKZ 50OF0901 (ICC HIFI Herschel). S. V. thanks NASA for partial support of this research via Research Support Agreement RSA 1427277, support from a Senior NPP Award from NASA, and his host institution, the Goddard Space Flight Center. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System (ADS) and of GILDAS software (http://www.iram.fr/IRAMFR/GILDAS). NR 89 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 550 AR A25 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201220466 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 089AJ UT WOS:000314879700025 ER PT J AU Gemmill, KB Deschamps, JR Delehanty, JB Susumu, K Stewart, MH Glaven, RH Anderson, GP Goldman, ER Huston, AL Medintz, IL AF Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Delehanty, James B. Susumu, Kimihiro Stewart, Michael H. Glaven, Richard H. Anderson, George P. Goldman, Ellen R. Huston, Alan L. Medintz, Igor L. TI Optimizing Protein Coordination to Quantum Dots with Designer Peptidyl Linkers SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SINGLE-DOMAIN ANTIBODIES; BIOCOMPATIBLE SEMICONDUCTOR; LIGANDS; BINDING; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; PURIFICATION; CONJUGATION; STABILITY AB Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) demonstrate select optical properties that make them of particular use in biological imaging and biosensing. Controlled attachment of biomolecules such as proteins to the QD surface is thus critically necessary for development of these functional nanobiomaterials. QD surface coatings such as poly(ethylene glycol) impart colloidal stability to the QDs, making them usable in physiological environments, but can impede attachment of proteins due to steric interactions. While this problem is being partially addressed through the development of more compact QD ligands, here we present an alternative and complementary approach to this issue by engineering rigid peptidyl linkers that can be appended onto almost all expressed proteins. The linkers are specifically designed to extend a terminal polyhistidine sequence out from the globular protein structure and penetrate the QD ligand coating to enhance binding by metal-affinity driven coordination. a-Helical linkers of two lengths terminating in either a single or triple hexahistidine motif were fined onto a single-domain antibody; these were then self-assembled onto QDs to create a model immunosensor system targeted against the biothreat agent ricin. We utilized this system to systematically evaluate the peptidyl linker design in functional assays using QDs stabilized with four different types of coating ligands including poly(ethylene glycol). We show that increased linker length, but surprisingly not added histidines, can improve protein to QD attachment and sensor performance despite the surface ligand size with both custom and commercial QD preparations. Implications for these findings on the development of QD-based biosensors are discussed. C1 [Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.; Delehanty, James B.; Glaven, Richard H.; Anderson, George P.; Goldman, Ellen R.; Medintz, Igor L.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Stewart, Michael H.; Huston, Alan L.] USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Glaven, Richard H.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil RI Gemmill, Kelly/G-2167-2012; Anderson, George/D-2461-2011; OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU DTRA JSTO MIPR [B112582M] FX The authors thank D. Prasuhn for technical assistance with peptide preparation and acknowledge the NRL NSI, DARPA, and DTRA JSTO MIPR # B112582M. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 24 IS 2 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.1021/bc300644p PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 095HS UT WOS:000315325900014 ER PT J AU Hargrave, B Downey, H Strange, R Murray, L Cinnamond, C Lundberg, C Israel, A Chen, YJ Marshall, W Heller, R AF Hargrave, B. Downey, H. Strange, R., Jr. Murray, L. Cinnamond, C. Lundberg, C. Israel, A. Chen, Y-J Marshall, W., Jr. Heller, R. TI Electroporation-mediated gene transfer directly to the swine heart SO GENE THERAPY LA English DT Article DE electroporation; heart; in vivo; gene transfer; swine ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; PLASMID DNA; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; IN-VIVO; COLLATERAL DEVELOPMENT; ISCHEMIC-MYOCARDIUM; PORCINE HEART; BLOOD-FLOW; THERAPY; INJECTION AB In vivo gene transfer to the ischemic heart via electroporation holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of heart disease. In the current study, we investigated the use of in vivo electroporation for gene transfer using three different penetrating electrodes and one non-penetrating electrode. The hearts of adult male swine were exposed through a sternotomy. Eight electric pulses synchronized to the rising phase of the R wave of the electrocardiogram were administered at varying pulse widths and field strengths following an injection of either a plasmid encoding luciferase or one encoding green fluorescent protein. Four sites on the anterior wall of the left ventricle were treated. Animals were killed 48 h after injection and electroporation and gene expression was determined. Results were compared with sites in the heart that received plasmid injection but no electric pulses or were not treated. Gene expression was higher in all electroporated sites when compared with injection only sites demonstrating the robustness of this approach. Our results provide evidence that in vivo electroporation can be a safe and effective non-viral method for delivering genes to the heart, in vivo. Gene Therapy (2013) 20, 151-157; doi:10.1038/gt.2012.15; published online 29 March 2012 C1 [Hargrave, B.; Downey, H.; Lundberg, C.; Israel, A.; Chen, Y-J; Heller, R.] Old Dominion Univ, Frank Reidy Res Ctr Bioelect, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Hargrave, B.] Old Dominion Univ, Coll Sci, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Strange, R., Jr.; Cinnamond, C.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Murray, L.] Sobran, Fairfax, VA USA. [Marshall, W., Jr.] Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Tampa, FL USA. [Heller, R.] Old Dominion Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. RP Heller, R (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Frank Reidy Res Ctr Bioelect, 4211 Monarch Way,Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. EM rheller@odu.edu RI Heller, Richard/I-6605-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [R21 HL005441]; Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics at Old Dominion University FX This research was supported in part by a research grant from the National Institutes of Health R21 HL005441 and by the Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics at Old Dominion University. We thank Dr Mark Jaroszeski (University of South Florida) for construction of the electrode arrays. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0969-7128 J9 GENE THER JI Gene Ther. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 20 IS 2 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1038/gt.2012.15 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 091UD UT WOS:000315074400006 PM 22456328 ER PT J AU Walper, SA Lee, PAB Goldman, ER Anderson, GP AF Walper, Scott A. Lee, P. Audrey Brozozog Goldman, Ellen R. Anderson, George P. TI Comparison of single domain antibody immobilization strategies evaluated by surface plasmon resonance SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Single domain antibodies; Ricin; EA1; SPR; Avidin; MAGPIX ID PHOSPHATASE FUSION PROTEINS; LIGHT-CHAINS; FRAGMENTS; BIOTINYLATION; DISPLAY; STREPTAVIDIN; TECHNOLOGY; EXPRESSION; STABILITY; SELECTION AB The use of single domain antibodies (sdAbs) in place of conventional antibodies for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications continues to grow. SdAbs offer a number of advantages when compared to conventional antibodies such as their small size and low structural complexity which allows them to readily be produced as fusions in a variety formats. In this work we compared the utility of various C-terminal fusions and immobilization strategies for two sdAbs; one which recognizes ricin and the other EA1, an S-layer protein, of Bacillus anthracis. Comparisons were made between direct covalent attachment and affinity immobilization using a biotin-streptavidin interaction for the standard sdAb monomers, randomly and site-specifically biotinylated monomers, and fusion constructs of alkaline phosphatase dimers and streptavidin core tetramers. The sdAb binding and regeneration was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance in a multiplexed format. The construct that provided the highest density of active molecules by at least a factor of two was the sdAb-streptavidin core tetramer, followed by the sdAb-alkaline phosphatase and then the site-specifically biotinylated monomer. The poorest performing immobilization methods were the two most common, direct covalent attachment and the randomly biotinylated sdAb attached via NeutrAvidin. These improvements directly correlated to antigen capture in SPR assays. Similarly, the oriented immobilization method also translated to improvements in limit of detection assays using a bead-based system. The sdAb-streptavidin core provided more than a 100-fold improvement in the limit of detection of EA1, from similar to 200 ng/mL to to 1.6 ng/mL, while improvement for ricin detection was less but still a significant 5-fold decrease, going from 1.6 ng/mL down to 0.32 ng/mL This demonstrated improvement in limits of detection is an advantage that should be transferable to most assay formats. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Walper, Scott A.; Goldman, Ellen R.; Anderson, George P.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lee, P. Audrey Brozozog] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM George.anderson@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011; OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893; LEE, PAMELA/0000-0002-9341-0759 FU JSTO-CBD/DTRA Project [MEDBIO 04 10 NRL 001]; Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); Office of Naval Research (ONR) [6.1] FX This work was supported by JSTO-CBD/DTRA Project #-CBS MEDBIO 04 10 NRL 001 and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) 6.1 base funding. We would like to thank Dr. Jill Czarnecki and Tetracore for the antibodies they freely donated to our research efforts. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD FEB PY 2013 VL 388 IS 1-2 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2012.11.014 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 095WM UT WOS:000315365700010 PM 23261918 ER PT J AU Perkins, FK Friedman, AL Cobas, E Campbell, PM Jernigan, GG Jonker, BT AF Perkins, F. K. Friedman, A. L. Cobas, E. Campbell, P. M. Jernigan, G. G. Jonker, B. T. TI Chemical Vapor Sensing with Mono layer MoS2 SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Chemical sensor; MoS2; molybdenum disulfide; two-dimensional materials; vapor sensing ID CARBON NANOTUBES; LARGE-AREA; GRAPHENE; TRANSISTORS; GROWTH; PHOTOTRANSISTORS; GAP AB Two-dimensional materials such as graphene show great potential for future nanoscale electronic devices. The high surface-to-volume ratio is a natural asset for applications such as chemical sensing, where perturbations to the surface resulting in charge redistribution are readily manifested in the transport characteristics. Here we show that single monolayer MoS2 functions effectively as a chemical sensor, exhibiting highly selective reactivity to a range of analytes and providing sensitive transduction of transient surface physisorption events to the conductance of the monolayer channel. We find strong response upon exposure to triethylamine, a decomposition product of the V-series nerve gas agents. We discuss these results in the context of analyte/sensor interaction in which the analyte serves as either an electron donor or acceptor, producing a temporary charge perturbation of the sensor material. We find highly selective response to electron donors and little response to electron acceptors, consistent with the weak n-type character of our MoS2. The MoS2 sensor exhibits a much higher selectivity than carbon nanotube-based sensors. C1 [Perkins, F. K.; Friedman, A. L.; Cobas, E.; Campbell, P. M.; Jernigan, G. G.; Jonker, B. T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Perkins, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keith.perkins@nrl.navy.mil; berry.jonker@nrl.navy.mil RI Friedman, Adam/D-9610-2011 OI Friedman, Adam/0000-0003-0597-5432 FU core programs at NRL; NRL Karles Fellow program FX This work was supported by core programs at NRL. E.C. and A.L.F. gratefully acknowledge support through the NRL Karles Fellow program. The authors gratefully acknowledge Olaf van't Erve for creating Figure la, Jeremy Robinson for the graphene used in the sensor, and Arthur Snow for the distilled triethylamine. The authors further acknowledge use of facilities in the NRL Nanoscience Institute and thank David Zapotok and Dean St. Amand for continual technical support. F.KP., A.L.F., and B.T.J. conceived of the experiment; A.L.F. fabricated the samples; F.K.P. performed the analyte exposures and recorded the sensor response; F.KP. and G.G.J. provided chemical analysis; A.L.F. and P.M.C. performed electrical characterization. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the data; F.K.P., A.L.F., and B.T.J. wrote the paper. NR 28 TC 307 Z9 312 U1 45 U2 561 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 668 EP 673 DI 10.1021/nl3043079 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 091WC UT WOS:000315079500057 PM 23339527 ER PT J AU Blau, J Cohn, K Colson, WB AF Blau, Joseph Cohn, Keith Colson, William B. TI High average power free-electron lasers SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE free-electron lasers; high-power lasers; laser applications ID ENERGY RECOVERY LINACS; SHORT-RAYLEIGH-LENGTH; 1ST OPERATION; STIMULATED-EMISSION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; FEL; RADIATION; MODE; ERL; EXTRACTION AB Ever since the first free-electron laser (FEL) was both conceived and demonstrated in the 1970s at Stanford, it has attracted much attention as a promising foundation for a high average power light source. Since its light is produced from free electrons, an FEL can be designed to lase at virtually any wavelength. Furthermore, since its light is generated from a relativistic beam that is continually replenished, its gain medium cannot be damaged by any conventional means. Accordingly, as there have been several ambitious attempts to design and construct high average power FELs over the past several decades, we chronicle some of these efforts. Additionally, we provide an overview of FEL technology and theory, discuss some of the obstacles that remain in the construction of a high-power FEL, and provide a road map toward a megawatt-class device. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.52.2.021013] C1 [Blau, Joseph; Cohn, Keith; Colson, William B.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Blau, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM blau@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors wish to thank Todd Smith, George Neil, and Charlie Brau for useful discussions and suggestions. This work has been funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 AR 021013 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.2.021013 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 092WX UT WOS:000315154800017 ER PT J AU Bowman, SR AF Bowman, Steven R. TI High-power diode-pumped solid-state lasers SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE rare earth; solid-state laser materials; diode pumping ID CRYSTAL FIBER LASER; ND-YAG; HEAT-GENERATION; CERAMIC LASER; EMISSION; SLAB AB Diode-pumped solid-state laser technology is reviewed with an emphasis on laser materials and concepts important to high power systems with excellent beam quality. A first principal approach to power scaling is taken in order to summarize and compare the wide variety of laser architectures. Successful approaches are highlighted and directions for future work are discussed. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.52.2.021012] C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Mat & Devices Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Mat & Devices Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Steven.bowman@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was support by the Office of Naval Research. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 42 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 AR 021012 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.2.021012 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 092WX UT WOS:000315154800016 ER PT J AU Kiel, DH AF Kiel, David H. TI Is this the time for a high-energy laser weapon program? SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Department of Defense; high-energy laser weapon; laser system and components; Navy; Soviet; warfare AB The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has made large investments weaponizing laser technology for air defense. Despite billions of dollars spent, there has not been a successful transition of a high-energy laser (HEL) weapon from the lab to the field. Is the dream of a low-cost-per-shot, deep-magazine, speed-of-light HEL weapon an impossible dream or a set of technologies that are ready to emerge on the modern battlefield? Because of the rapid revolution taking place in modern warfare that is making conventional defensive weapons very expensive relative to the offensive weapons systems, the pull for less expensive air defense may necessitate a HEL weapon system. Also, due to the recent technological developments in solid-state lasers (SSL), especially fiber lasers, used throughout manufacturing for cutting and welding, a HEL weapon finally may be able to meet all the requirements of ease of use, sustainability, and reliability. Due to changes in warfare and SSL technology advances, the era of HEL weapons isn't over; it may be just starting if DoD takes an evolutionary approach to fielding a HEL weapon. The U.S. Navy, with its large ships and their available electric power, should lead the way. (c) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.52.2.021008] C1 [Kiel, David H.] USN, Arlington, VA USA. RP Kiel, DH (reprint author), 1834 Burke St SE, Washington, DC 20003 USA. EM dkiel@innolog.com NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 AR 021008 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.2.021008 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 092WX UT WOS:000315154800012 ER PT J AU Kim, W Villalobos, G Baker, C Frantz, J Shaw, B Bayya, S Sadowski, B Hunt, M Aggarwal, I Sanghera, J AF Kim, Woohong Villalobos, Guillermo Baker, Colin Frantz, Jesse Shaw, Brandon Bayya, Shyam Sadowski, Bryan Hunt, Michael Aggarwal, Ishwar Sanghera, Jasbinder TI Ceramic windows and gain media for high-energy lasers SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE spinel; transparent ceramics; laser ceramics; sesquioxide; beta-SiC AB Recent progress in high-quality transparent ceramic window materials (MgAl2O4 spinel and beta-SiC) and high-power solid-state laser materials (Yb3+ : Y2O3, Yb3+ : Lu2O3, and Ho3+ : Lu2O3) is reported. Spinel ceramic demonstrates a record low-absorption loss of 6 ppm/cm at 1.06 mu m. The capability of fabricating various shapes and sizes of spinel ceramics is also demonstrated. We also report optical transparency from a beta-SiC ceramic fabricated by field assisted sintering technology (FAST). We report lasing in hot-pressed Yb3+ : Y2O3 and Yb3+ : Lu2O3 ceramic made from coprecipitated powder. The highest ever reported output power and efficiency from 10% doped Yb3+ : Lu2O3 ceramic is also presented. Lasing oscillation from hot pressed composite of five-layered Yb3+ : Y2O3 ceramic is also demonstrated for the first time. (c) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.52.2.021003] C1 [Kim, Woohong; Villalobos, Guillermo; Baker, Colin; Frantz, Jesse; Shaw, Brandon; Bayya, Shyam; Sanghera, Jasbinder] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sadowski, Bryan; Aggarwal, Ishwar] Sotera Def Solut, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Hunt, Michael] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Kim, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rick.kim@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 35 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 AR 021003 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.2.021003 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 092WX UT WOS:000315154800007 ER PT J AU Janosi, L Compton, JR Legler, PM Steele, KE Davis, JM Matyas, GR Millard, CB AF Janosi, Laszlo Compton, Jaimee R. Legler, Patricia M. Steele, Keith E. Davis, Jon M. Matyas, Gary R. Millard, Charles B. TI Disruption of the Putative Vascular Leak Peptide Sequence in the Stabilized Ricin Vaccine Candidate RTA1-33/44-198 SO TOXINS LA English DT Article DE ricin; recombinant vaccines; vascular leak peptide; amino acid substitutions; BALB/c mice; D75N/R48C/T77C; RTA1-33/44-198 ID A-CHAIN; MOLECULAR-GRAPHICS; PROTEIN VACCINE; MICE; INHALATION; PROTECTION; ANTIBODIES; EFFICACY; AEROSOL; BINDING AB Vitetta and colleagues identified and characterized a putative vascular leak peptide (VLP) consensus sequence in recombinant ricin toxin A-chain (RTA) that contributed to dose-limiting human toxicity when RTA was administered intravenously in large quantities during chemotherapy. We disrupted this potentially toxic site within the more stable RTA1-33/44-198 vaccine immunogen and determined the impact of these mutations on protein stability, structure and protective immunogenicity using an experimental intranasal ricin challenge model in BALB/c mice to determine if the mutations were compatible. Single amino acid substitutions at the positions corresponding with RTA D75 (to A, or N) and V76 (to I, or M) had minor effects on the apparent protein melting temperature of RTA1-33/44-198 but all four variants retained greater apparent stability than the parent RTA. Moreover, each VLP(-) variant tested provided protection comparable with that of RTA1-33/44-198 against supralethal intranasal ricin challenge as judged by animal survival and several biomarkers. To understand better how VLP substitutions and mutations near the VLP site impact epitope structure, we introduced a previously described thermal stabilizing disulfide bond (R48C/T77C) along with the D75N or V76I substitutions in RTA1-33/44-198. The D75N mutation was compatible with the adjacent stabilizing R48C/T77C disulfide bond and the T-m was unaffected, whereas the V76I mutation was less compatible with the adjacent disulfide bond involving C77. A crystal structure of the RTA1-33/44-198 R48C/T77C/D75N variant showed that the structural integrity of the immunogen was largely conserved and that a stable immunogen could be produced from E. coli. We conclude that it is feasible to disrupt the VLP site in RTA1-33/44-198 with little or no impact on apparent protein stability or protective efficacy in mice and such variants can be stabilized further by introduction of a disulfide bond. C1 [Janosi, Laszlo; Steele, Keith E.; Matyas, Gary R.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Compton, Jaimee R.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Legler, Patricia M.] USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Davis, Jon M.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Millard, Charles B.] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Legler, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Labs, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lacipaci@yahoo.com; jaimee.compton.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; patricia.legler@nrl.navy.mil; steeleK@medImmune.com; jon.davis@osd.mil; gmatyas@hivresearch.org; charles.b.millard@us.army.mil OI Matyas, Gary/0000-0002-2074-2373 FU U.S. Army; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Joint Science & Technology Office award [S.S.0003_06_WR_B]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [5U01AI082120-04] FX We would like to thank Paul Facemire for providing photographs of healthy lung tissue. This work was supported by the U.S. Army and a Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Joint Science & Technology Office award S.S.0003_06_WR_B (to CBM) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) sub-award 5U01AI082120-04 (to PML). The opinions or assertions contained herein belong to the authors and are not necessarily the official views of the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the NIH. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD FEB PY 2013 VL 5 IS 2 BP 224 EP 248 DI 10.3390/toxins5020224 PG 25 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 096MJ UT WOS:000315408000002 PM 23364220 ER PT J AU Tailleart, NR Martin, FJ Rayne, RJ Natishan, PM Kahn, H Heuer, AH AF Tailleart, N. R. Martin, F. J. Rayne, R. J. Natishan, P. M. Kahn, H. Heuer, A. H. TI Interstitial Hardening with Nitrogen for Improved Corrosion Resistance SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID CARBON SUPERSATURATION; STAINLESS-STEELS; CARBURIZATION C1 [Tailleart, N. R.; Martin, F. J.; Rayne, R. J.; Natishan, P. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kahn, H.; Heuer, A. H.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Natishan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM natishan@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Laboratory for support of this work. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 171 IS 2 BP 20 EP 23 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 091RH UT WOS:000315067000004 ER PT J AU DiNoto, V Fontanella, JJ Wintersgill, MC Giffin, GA Vezzu, K Piga, M Negro, E AF DiNoto, V. Fontanella, J. J. Wintersgill, M. C. Giffin, G. A. Vezzu, K. Piga, M. Negro, E. TI Pressure, Temperature, and Dew Point Broadband Electrical Spectroscopy (PTD-BES) for the Investigation of Membranes for PEMFCs SO FUEL CELLS LA English DT Article DE AC-Impedance Spectroscopy; Ionic Conductivity; PEM Fuel Cell; Membrane; Internal Humidification ID PROTON CONDUCTING MEMBRANES; FUEL-CELLS; NAFION(R) AB This work describes the construction, testing, and implementation of an instrument to measure the complex impedance (Z*()) spectra, from which the complex conductivity (sigma*()) and complex permittivity (E*()) spectra are derived, of conducting polymer membranes for fuel cells. The instrument consists of several interconnected components including a humidifier, a broadband electrical measurement cell with pressure, temperature, and humidity sensors, a heat circulator and a broadband electrical spectrometer. It is possible to control the cell (Tgas) and dew point (Tdp) temperatures with a precision greater than +/- 0.2 degrees C to obtain values of relative humidity (RH) with an error lower than +/- 1.4%. The experiments demonstrate that the values of Tdp and Tgas inside the cell are stable over time at the set point temperatures of Tgas=0140 degrees C and Tdp=-2099.9 degrees C (for any desired value of Tgas within +/- 0.2 degrees C). The powerful capability of the broadband electrical spectroscopy (BES) method is demonstrated by studying the electrical response of Nafion117 (R) at various temperatures and dew points. This technique allows the investigation of the electrical response of ionomeric materials, where the thermal effects are decoupled from the compositional modulation of the membranes in the presence of water vapor. C1 [DiNoto, V.; Giffin, G. A.; Vezzu, K.; Piga, M.; Negro, E.] Univ Padua, Dept Chem Sci, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [DiNoto, V.] ISTM CNR, Dept Chem Sci, Inst Mol Sci & Technol, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Fontanella, J. J.; Wintersgill, M. C.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Vezzu, K.] Univ Venice, Dept Mol Sci & Nanosyst, I-30121 Venice, VE, Italy. RP DiNoto, V (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Chem Sci, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM vito.dinoto@unipd.it OI Negro, Enrico/0000-0002-3340-3899; Vezzu', Keti/0000-0003-4156-7479; DI NOTO, VITO/0000-0002-8030-6979 FU Italian MURST [4148]; Office of Naval Research FX This research was funded by the Italian MURST project PRIN2008, entitled "Direct polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: synthesis and study in prototype cells of hybrid inorganic-organic membranes and electrode materials" and Regione del Veneto (SMUPR n. 4148, Polo di ricerca del set-tore fotovoltaico). The work of two of the authors (JJF and MCW) was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-6846 EI 1615-6854 J9 FUEL CELLS JI Fuel Cells PD FEB PY 2013 VL 13 IS 1 SI SI BP 48 EP 57 DI 10.1002/fuce.201200112 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 089NF UT WOS:000314916600011 ER PT J AU Luhrs, C Kane, M Leseman, Z Phillips, J AF Luhrs, Claudia Kane, Margaret Leseman, Zayd Phillips, Jonathan TI Novel Process for Solid State Reduction of Metal Oxides and Hydroxides SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; IRON NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; NICKEL NANOPARTICLES; LASER PYROLYSIS; THIN-FILMS; PARTICLES; BIOMEDICINE AB Recently the reductive expansion synthesis (RES) method was introduced as a means to create nano- and sub-micron metal particles and alloys by rapid heating of physical mixtures of urea with a metal nitrate. In the present work the generality of the RES method was demonstrated by creating metal micron and sub-micron particles from oxide and hydroxide precursors, and outlining the impact of temperature, precursor ratio, and gas flow rate on the product. For example, precursor selection impacted the temperature required for complete reduction, the amount of carbon present, and the size of the metal particles. For complete NiO reduction to micron scale particles, high urea content and a high temperature [ca. 1073 K (800 A degrees C)] were required. In contrast, Ni(OH)(2) was reduced to metal at far lower temperatures. Moreover, the Ni particles formed from NiOH were sub-micron (ca. 200 nm) in size and carbon encapsulated. Other parameter variations had a similarly significant impact. Indeed, the reciprocal relationship between inert gas flow rate and the extent of reduction supports the supposition that the primary mechanism of reduced metal particle formation is the reduction of metal oxide particles by gases produced by urea decomposition. Collectively these and other findings indicate the RES method can be manipulated to create a range of micron and sub-micron reduced metal particle architectures appropriate for different applications. C1 [Luhrs, Claudia; Kane, Margaret] USN, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Leseman, Zayd] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Phillips, Jonathan] USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luhrs, C (reprint author), USN, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jphillip@nps.edu RI Phillips, Jonathan/D-3760-2011 NR 50 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5615 J9 METALL MATER TRANS B JI Metall. Mater. Trans. B-Proc. Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 44 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s11663-012-9756-x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 089KI UT WOS:000314909000015 ER PT J AU Yaremchuk, M Nechaev, D AF Yaremchuk, Max Nechaev, Dmitry TI Covariance Localization with the Diffusion-Based Correlation Models SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BACKGROUND-ERROR COVARIANCES; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; DATA ASSIMILATION; POLYNOMIALS; OPERATORS; EQUATION AB Improving the performance of ensemble filters applied to models with many state variables requires regularization of the covariance estimates by localizing the impact of observations on state variables. A covariance localization technique based on modeling of the sample covariance with polynomial functions of the diffusion operator (DL method) is presented. Performance of the technique is compared with the non-adaptive (NAL) and adaptive (AL) ensemble localization schemes in the framework of numerical experiments with synthetic covariance matrices in a realistically inhomogeneous setting. It is shown that the DL approach is comparable in accuracy with the AL method when the ensemble size is less than 100. With larger ensembles, the accuracy of the DL approach is limited by the local homogeneity assumption underlying the technique. Computationally, the DL method is comparable with the NAL technique if the ratio of the local decorrelation scale to the grid step is not too large. C1 [Yaremchuk, Max] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Nechaev, Dmitry] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Yaremchuk, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM max.yaremchuk@nrlssc.navy.mil FU ONR [0602435N]; North Pacific Research Board [828]; NSF [362492-190200-05] FX This study was supported by the ONR Program Element 0602435N as part of the projects "Observation Impact" and ECOVARDA. Dmitri Nechaev was supported by the North Pacific Research Board Award 828 and by the NSF Award 362492-190200-05. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 141 IS 2 BP 848 EP 860 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00089.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 088LD UT WOS:000314835000026 ER PT J AU Wechsler, LR Tsao, JW Levine, SR Swain-Eng, RJ Adams, RJ Demaerschalk, BM Hess, DC Moro, E Schwamm, LH Steffensen, S Stern, BJ Zuckerman, SJ Bhattacharya, P Davis, LE Yurkiewicz, IR Alphonso, AL AF Wechsler, Lawrence R. Tsao, Jack W. Levine, Steven R. Swain-Eng, Rebecca J. Adams, Robert J. Demaerschalk, Bart M. Hess, David C. Moro, Elena Schwamm, Lee H. Steffensen, Steve Stern, Barney J. Zuckerman, Steven J. Bhattacharya, Pratik Davis, Larry E. Yurkiewicz, Ilana R. Alphonso, Aimee L. TI Teleneurology applications Report of the Telemedicine Work Group of the American Academy of Neurology SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEEP BRAIN-STIMULATION; ACUTE STROKE; COST-ANALYSIS; CARE; TELESTROKE; FEASIBILITY; EXPERIENCE; TELEPHONE AB Objective: To review current literature on neurology telemedicine and to discuss its application to patient care, neurology practice, military medicine, and current federal policy. Methods: Review of practice models and published literature on primary studies of the efficacy of neurology telemedicine. Results: Teleneurology is of greatest benefit to populations with restricted access to general and subspecialty neurologic care in rural areas, those with limited mobility, and those deployed by the military. Through the use of real-time audio-visual interaction, imaging, and store-and-forward systems, a greater proportion of neurologists are able to meet the demand for specialty care in underserved communities, decrease the response time for acute stroke assessment, and expand the collaboration between primary care physicians, neurologists, and other disciplines. The American Stroke Association has developed a defined policy on teleneurology, and the American Academy of Neurology and federal health care policy are beginning to follow suit. Conclusions: Teleneurology is an effective tool for the rapid evaluation of patients in remote locations requiring neurologic care. These underserved locations include geographically isolated rural areas as well as urban cores with insufficient available neurology specialists. With this technology, neurologists will be better able to meet the burgeoning demand for access to neurologic care in an era of declining availability. An increase in physician awareness and support at the federal and state level is necessary to facilitate expansion of telemedicine into further areas of neurology. Neurology (R) 2013;80:670-676 C1 [Wechsler, Lawrence R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Tsao, Jack W.] USN, Bur Med & Surg, Falls Church, VA USA. [Levine, Steven R.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. [Levine, Steven R.] Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Downstate Stroke Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. [Swain-Eng, Rebecca J.] Amer Acad Neurol, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Adams, Robert J.] Med Univ S Carolina, Stroke Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. [Demaerschalk, Bart M.] Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Hess, David C.] Georgia Hlth Sci Univ, Augusta, GA USA. [Moro, Elena] Univ Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurol, Movement Disorders Ctr,UHN, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. [Schwamm, Lee H.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Steffensen, Steve] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Stern, Barney J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Zuckerman, Steven J.] Neurol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Bhattacharya, Pratik] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Davis, Larry E.] New Mexico VA Hlth Care Syst, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Yurkiewicz, Ilana R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Alphonso, Aimee L.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Wechsler, LR (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. OI Schwamm, Lee/0000-0003-0592-9145 FU Telemedicine; Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army; NIH; Arizona Department of Health Services; Athersys, Inc.; Lundbeck; St. Jude Medical; Medtronic; Remedy Pharmaceuticals FX L. Wechsler has served as a consultant for Abbott Vascular, Lunbeck, and Ferrer; is on the Data and Safety Monitoring Board for DIAS 3/4/J and the steering committee for CLOSURE, ACT I; and owns stock in Neurointerventional Therapeutics. J. Tsao has received funding from the Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, United States Army, to develop a military neurology telemedicine system. S. Levine has given expert review and testimony on medical legal cases and has received research funding from the NIH. R. Swain-Eng is a full-time employee of the American Academy of Neurology. R. J. Adams is cofounder of REACHCall Inc., a for-profit telemedicine platform provider. He is also a co-owner of the company with <5% of outstanding stock. He is employed by Medical University of South Carolina, which offers telestroke consultation for fair market value to hospitals in South Carolina. He also is a speaker for Genentech, which makes tPA, but owns no stock. B. Demaerschalk has received telemedicine research grant funding from the Arizona Department of Health Services. Dr. Hess is a cofounder of REACHCall Inc., a for-profit telemedicine platform provider. He is also a co-owner of the company with <5% of outstanding stock. He is employed by Georgia Health Sciences University, which offers telestroke consultation for fair market value to hospitals in Georgia. He also has research contracts with Athersys, Inc., and Lundbeck. E. Moro has received honoraria from Medtronic for consulting services and speaking. She has received research grant support from St. Jude Medical and educational grants from Medtronic and St. Jude Medical. L. Schwamm serves as a consultant to LifeImage, a teleradiology company, and on the International Steering Committee for the DIAS3/4 trial. His employer, The Massachusetts General Hospital, offers an array of telehealth services at fair market value to many area hospitals, including telestroke. He has also given expert review and testimony on medical legal cases and has received research funding from the NIH on thrombolysis and HRSA on telemedicine. S. Steffensen reports no disclosures. B. Stern has received research support from Remedy Pharmaceuticals per patient research costs and research grants from the NIH. He has also received compensation for expert witness testimony. S. Zuckerman and P. Bhattacharya report no disclosures. L. Davis is a part of the VA Teleneurology group for which the VA pays part of the research costs for the nursing staff. I. Yurkiewicz and A. Alphonso report no disclosures. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, or the Department of Veterans Affairs. Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD FEB PY 2013 VL 80 IS 7 BP 670 EP 676 DI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182823361 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 088ZY UT WOS:000314878500015 PM 23400317 ER PT J AU Guo, C Webb, NJ Abzug, R Peck, LR AF Guo, Chao Webb, Natalie J. Abzug, Rikki Peck, Laura R. TI Religious Affiliation, Religious Attendance, and Participation in Social Change Organizations SO NONPROFIT AND VOLUNTARY SECTOR QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE religious affiliation; religious attendance; social change; volunteering for social change; advocacy ID VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION PARTICIPATION; NONPROFIT ADVOCACY ORGANIZATIONS; CIVIC ENGAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY; CONGREGATIONS; INTEGRATION; RESOURCES; AMERICA; WORK AB How does religion affect an individual's likelihood of volunteering for social change causes? This study reports on findings from an analysis of the 2005 wave of the COPPS supplement to the PSID to examine the effects of religious tradition (affiliation) and religious attendance (religiosity) on social change volunteering. We find that adherents to the more liberal Christian denominations-mainline Protestant and Catholic-are more likely to volunteer with social change organizations than are Evangelicals. We also find that adherents to other minority religions such as Judaism and Buddhism and individuals with no religious belief are all more likely to volunteer with social change organizations than are Evangelicals. We find a positive and significant relationship between religious attendance and social change volunteering, but find little difference in the effect of religious attendance on social change volunteering between Evangelicals and other religious traditions (except for Catholics). C1 [Guo, Chao] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Webb, Natalie J.] USN, Def Resources Management Inst, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Abzug, Rikki] Ramapo Coll, Anislield Sch Business, Mahwah, NJ USA. [Peck, Laura R.] Abt Associates Inc, Social & Econ Policy Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Guo, C (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, IUPUI, 801 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM chaoguo@iupui.edu NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 23 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0899-7640 J9 NONPROF VOLUNT SEC Q JI Nonprofit Volunt. Sect. Q. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 42 IS 1 BP 34 EP 58 DI 10.1177/0899764012473385 PG 25 WC Social Issues SC Social Issues GA 083MU UT WOS:000314469300003 ER PT J AU Lacey, BW Lin, A AF Lacey, Brent W. Lin, Andrew TI Radiologic Evaluation of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Myxomas SO TEXAS HEART INSTITUTE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Heart neoplasms; magnetic resonance imaging; myxoma/diagnosis/surgery; tomography, X-ray computed; ventricular outflow tract, right ID RESECTION AB A 22-year-old man was referred for palpitations. On transthoracic echocardiography, he was found to have a right ventricular outflow tract mass. Further cardiac imaging was conducted by means of transesophageal echocardiography, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance. Complete surgical resection of the tumor was achieved, and pathologic examination revealed the lesion to be a myxoma. Cardiac tumors located in the right ventricular outflow tract are rare and can present unusual diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance are becoming more widely available and can be useful adjuncts in the management of such tumors. (Tex Heart Inst J 2013;40(1):68-70) C1 [Lacey, Brent W.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Lin, Andrew] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Lacey, BW (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM brent.lacey@med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXAS HEART INST PI HOUSTON PA PO BOX 20345, HOUSTON, TX 77225-0345 USA SN 0730-2347 J9 TEX HEART I J JI Tex. Heart Inst. J. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1 BP 68 EP 70 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 090ZF UT WOS:000315017800015 PM 23466872 ER PT J AU Maroules, CD Adams, DZ Whiting, ED Antevil, JL Mitchell, ES AF Maroules, Christopher D. Adams, Daniel Z. Whiting, Eric D. Antevil, Jared L. Mitchell, Eric S. TI Anomalous Origin of the Right Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery Evaluation with Use of 64-Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography SO TEXAS HEART INSTITUTE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Adams, Daniel Z.; Antevil, Jared L.] USN, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Maroules, Christopher D.; Whiting, Eric D.] USN, Dept Radiol, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Mitchell, Eric S.] USN, Dept Cardiol, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Maroules, CD (reprint author), USN, Dept Radiol, Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM Christopher.Maroules@gmail.com FU United States Navy FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the United States government. All financial support for this study was provided by the United States Navy. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXAS HEART INST PI HOUSTON PA PO BOX 20345, HOUSTON, TX 77225-0345 USA SN 0730-2347 J9 TEX HEART I J JI Tex. Heart Inst. J. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1 BP 106 EP 108 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 090ZF UT WOS:000315017800026 PM 23468587 ER PT J AU Kollman, C Klein, JP Spellman, SR Hassebroek, A Confer, D Fernandez-Vina, M Hartzman, R Hurley, CK Maiers, M Mueller, CR Setterholm, M Woolfrey, A Yu, N Eapen, M AF Kollman, Craig Klein, John P. Spellman, Stephen R. Hassebroek, Anna Confer, Dennis Fernandez-Vina, Marcelo Hartzman, Robert Hurley, Carolyn Katovich Maiers, Martin Mueller, Carlheinz R. Setterholm, Michelle Woolfrey, Ann Yu, Neng Eapen, Mary TI The Effect of Donor Characteristics On Graft Vs. Host Disease (GVHD) and Survival After Unrelated Donor Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancy SO BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT BMT Tandem Meetings CY FEB 13-17, 2013 CL Salt Lake City, UT C1 [Kollman, Craig] Jaeb Ctr Hlth Res, Tampa, FL USA. [Klein, John P.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Spellman, Stephen R.] CIBMTR, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Hassebroek, Anna] CIBMTR Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Confer, Dennis] CIBMTR Natl Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Fernandez-Vina, Marcelo] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Hartzman, Robert] USN, Bone Marrow Res Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. [Hurley, Carolyn Katovich] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Maiers, Martin] Natl Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Mueller, Carlheinz R.] ZKRD Zent Knochenmarkspender Register Deutschland, Ulm, Germany. [Setterholm, Michelle] Natl Marrow Donor Program, Sci Serv, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Woolfrey, Ann] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Yu, Neng] Amer Red Cross, HLA Lab, Dedham, MA USA. [Eapen, Mary] Med Coll Wisconsin, CIBMTR, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1083-8791 J9 BIOL BLOOD MARROW TR JI Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 19 IS 2 SU 2 MA 67 BP S146 EP S147 PG 2 WC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation SC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation GA 083DC UT WOS:000314441900068 ER PT J AU Hendricks, AM Amara, J Baker, E Charns, MP Gardner, JA Iverson, KM Kimerling, R Krengel, M Meterko, M Pogoda, TK Stolzmann, KL Lew, HL AF Hendricks, Ann M. Amara, Jomana Baker, Errol Charns, Martin P. Gardner, John A. Iverson, Katherine M. Kimerling, Rachel Krengel, Maxine Meterko, Mark Pogoda, Terri K. Stolzmann, Kelly L. Lew, Henry L. TI Screening for mild traumatic brain injury in OEF-OIF deployed US military: An empirical assessment of VHA's experience SO BRAIN INJURY LA English DT Article DE Afghanistan; blast injuries; brain injuries; depression; Iraq; non-blast injuries; post-traumatic stress disorder; screening; Veterans ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; PERSISTENT POSTCONCUSSIVE SYMPTOMS; POLYTRAUMA CLINICAL TRIAD; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; VETERANS; IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; CARE; TBI; CHALLENGES AB Background: VHA screens for traumatic brain injury (TBI) among patients formerly deployed to Afghanistan or Iraq, referring those who screen positive for a Comprehensive TBI Evaluation (CTBIE). Methods: To assess the programme, rates were calculated of positive screens for potential TBI in the population of patients screened in VHA between October 2007 through March 2009. Rates were derived of TBI confirmed by comprehensive evaluations from October 2008 through July 2009. Patient characteristics were obtained from Department of Defense and VHA administrative data. Results: In the study population, 21.6% screened positive for potential TBI and 54.6% of these had electronic records of a CTBIE. Of those with CTBIE records, evaluators confirmed TBI in 57.7%, yielding a best estimate that 6.8% of all those screened were confirmed to have TBI. Three quarters of all screened patients and virtually all those evaluated (whether TBI was confirmed or not) had VHA care the following year. Conclusions: VHA's TBI screening process is inclusive and has utility in referring patients with current symptoms to appropriate care. More than 90% of those evaluated received further VHA care and confirmatory evaluations were associated with significantly higher average utilization. Generalizability is limited to those who seek VHA healthcare. C1 [Hendricks, Ann M.; Baker, Errol; Charns, Martin P.; Gardner, John A.; Iverson, Katherine M.; Krengel, Maxine; Meterko, Mark; Pogoda, Terri K.; Stolzmann, Kelly L.] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA 02130 USA. [Hendricks, Ann M.; Charns, Martin P.; Meterko, Mark; Pogoda, Terri K.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Amara, Jomana] USN, Postgrad Sch, DRMI, Monterey, CA USA. [Iverson, Katherine M.; Krengel, Maxine] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Kimerling, Rachel] VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Lew, Henry L.] Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. [Lew, Henry L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Hendricks, AM (reprint author), VA Boston Healthcare Syst, 150 S Huntington Ave,152 H, Boston, MA 02130 USA. EM ahendricksphd@gmail.com OI Charns, Martin/0000-0002-7102-5331; Krengel, Maxine/0000-0001-7632-590X; Kimerling, Rachel/0000-0003-0996-4212 FU Office of Research and Development, Health Services R&D Service, Department of Veterans Affairs [SDR 08-405] FX This paper is based on work supported by the Office of Research and Development, Health Services R&D Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, through SDR 08-405. The opinions expressed in this article are the authors' and do not reflect those of the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development, the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center or the Department of Defense. We thank Douglas Bidelspach, David Cifu, Carlos Tun and three anonymous reviewers for comments on prior versions of this paper. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0269-9052 J9 BRAIN INJURY JI Brain Inj. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.3109/02699052.2012.729284 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 083PX UT WOS:000314478500001 PM 23384211 ER PT J AU Cowart, JS Fischer, WP Hamilton, LJ Caton, PA Sarathy, SM Pitz, WJ AF Cowart, Jim S. Fischer, Warren P. Hamilton, Leonard J. Caton, Patrick A. Sarathy, S. Mani Pitz, William J. TI An experimental and modeling study investigating the ignition delay in a military diesel engine running hexadecane (cetane) fuel SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Diesel; engine; fuel; ignition delay; hexadecane; cetane; combustion kinetics ID HYDROCARBONS AB In an effort aimed at predicting the combustion behavior of a new fuel in a conventional diesel engine, cetane (n-hexadecane) fuel was used in a military engine across the entire speed-load operating range. The ignition delay was characterized for this fuel at each operating condition. A chemical ignition delay was also predicted across the speed-load range using a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism with a constant pressure reactor model. At each operating condition, the measured in-cylinder pressure and predicted temperature at the start of injection were applied to the detailed n-hexadecane kinetic mechanism, and the chemical ignition delay was predicted without any kinetic mechanism calibration. The modeling results show that fuel-air parcels developed from the diesel spray with an equivalence ratio of 4 are the first to ignite. The chemical ignition delay results also showed decreasing igntion delays with increasing engine load and speed, just as the experimental data revealed. At lower engine speeds and loads, the kinetic modeling results show the characteristic two-stage negative temperature coefficient behavior of hydrocarbon fuels. However, at high engine speeds and loads, the reactions do not display negative temperature coefficient behavior, as the reactions proceed directly into high-temperature pathways due to higher temperatures and pressure at injection. A moderate difference between the total and chemical ignition delays was then characterized as a phyical delay period that scales inversely with engine speed. This physical delay time is representative of the diesel spray development time and is seen to become a minority fraction of the total igntion delay at higher engine speeds. The approach used in this study suggests that the ignition delay and thus start of combustion may be predicted with reasonable accuracy using kinetic modeling to determine the chemical igntion delay. Then, in conjunction with the physical delay time (experimental or modeling based), a new fuel's acceptability in a conventional engine could be assessed by determining that the total ignition delay is not too short or too long. C1 [Cowart, Jim S.; Fischer, Warren P.; Hamilton, Leonard J.; Caton, Patrick A.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Sarathy, S. Mani; Pitz, William J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Cowart, JS (reprint author), USN Acad, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM cowart@usna.edu RI Sarathy, S. Mani/M-5639-2015 OI Sarathy, S. Mani/0000-0002-3975-6206 FU Office of Naval Research FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1468-0874 J9 INT J ENGINE RES JI Int. J. Engine Res. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 14 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1177/1468087412446884 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Transportation GA 088LQ UT WOS:000314836400006 ER PT J AU Shimada, M Berjohn, C Tanen, DA AF Shimada, Mai Berjohn, Catherine Tanen, David A. TI ASCITES AS THE INITIAL PRESENTATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL CARCINOMA SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ascites; malignancy; gastrointestinal carcinoma; weight loss; abdominal pain ID ABDOMINAL PARACENTESIS; MALIGNANT ASCITES; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; CIRRHOSIS AB Background: The rapid development of ascites in a patient without known liver disease is an uncommon occurrence in the Emergency Department. Initial stabilization may include therapeutic peritoneal lavage to reduce diaphragmatic pressure and halt the progression of respiratory compromise. In the absence of liver disease, the differential diagnosis should include a search for malignancy, which has been reported to account for up to 10% of all cases of newly diagnosed ascites. Objectives: To discuss the differential diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment options associated with the development of acute malignant ascites. Case Report: We report the case of an 86-year-old woman who presented with the chief complaint of an enlarging abdomen and worsening shortness of breath of 1 week's duration. Bedside ultrasound rapidly revealed a large amount of intraperitoneal free fluid as a cause for her abdominal distension and respiratory compromise. Laboratory analysis of her blood along with computed tomography scan of her abdomen and pelvis were unremarkable. Diagnostic and therapeutic peritoneal lavage was done and the patient's symptoms improved. Pathologic examination of the peritoneal fluid revealed metastatic gastrointestinal carcinoma. Conclusion: Rapidly progressing ascites may be the sole presenting symptom of metastatic gastrointestinal carcinoma. (c) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shimada, Mai] Univ Tokyo, Sch Med, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Berjohn, Catherine; Tanen, David A.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Tanen, DA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 32800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 44 IS 2 BP E195 EP E198 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.02.060 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 086EC UT WOS:000314665400013 PM 22766406 ER PT J AU McGray, CD Stavis, SM Giltinan, J Eastman, E Firebaugh, S Piepmeier, J Geist, J Gaitan, M AF McGray, Craig D. Stavis, Samuel M. Giltinan, Joshua Eastman, Eric Firebaugh, Samara Piepmeier, Jenelle Geist, Jon Gaitan, Michael TI MEMS Kinematics by Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence microscopy; kinematics; MEMS; scratch drive; super-resolution ID SCRATCH DRIVE ACTUATOR; INPLANE; LOCALIZATION; RESOLUTION; MOTION; REGISTRATION; NANOSCALE; DEVICES; SYSTEM; WEAR AB Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is used for the first time to study the nanoscale kinematics of a MEMS device in motion across a surface. A device under test is labeled with fluorescent nanoparticles that form amicroscale constellation of near-ideal point sources of light. The constellation is imaged by widefield epifluorescence microscopy, and the image of each nanoparticle is fit to a Gaussian distribution to calculate its position. Translations and rotations of the device are measured by computing the rigid transform that best maps the constellation from one image to the next. This technique is used to measure the stepwise motion of a scratch drive actuator across each of 500 duty cycles with 0.13-nm localization precision, 1.85-nm displacement uncertainty, and 100-mu rad orientation uncertainty for a constellation diameter of 15 mu m. This novel measurement reveals acute aperiodic variations in the step size of the actuator, which have been neither previously observed nor predicted by any of the published models of the operation of the device. These unexpected results highlight the importance of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to the measurement of MEMS kinematics, which will have broad impact in fundamental investigations of surface forces, wear, and tribology in MEMS and related applications. C1 [McGray, Craig D.; Stavis, Samuel M.; Geist, Jon; Gaitan, Michael] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Giltinan, Joshua] Towson Univ, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Giltinan, Joshua] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Eastman, Eric; Firebaugh, Samara; Piepmeier, Jenelle] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McGray, CD (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.mcgray@nist.gov OI Geist, Jon/0000-0001-7749-318X FU Physical Measurement Laboratory; Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at the National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Naval Academy; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act FX This work was supported in part by the Physical Measurement Laboratory and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in part by the U.S. Naval Academy, and in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Subject Editor C. Rembe. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 46 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2012.2216506 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 086YT UT WOS:000314726900017 ER PT J AU Abreu, F Sousa, AA Aronova, MA Kim, Y Cox, D Leapman, RD Andrade, LR Kachar, B Bazylinski, DA Lins, U AF Abreu, Fernanda Sousa, Alioscka A. Aronova, Maria A. Kim, Youngchan Cox, Daniel Leapman, Richard D. Andrade, Leonardo R. Kachar, Bechara Bazylinski, Dennis A. Lins, Ulysses TI Cryo-electron tomography of the magnetotactic vibrio Magnetovibrio blakemorei: Insights into the biomineralization of prismatic magnetosomes SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Magnetosome; Magnetotactic bacteria; Cryo-electron tomography; Biomineralization ID MAGNETOSPIRILLUM-GRYPHISWALDENSE; GENE CLUSTERS; CELL BIOLOGY; PROTEIN MAMK; BACTERIA; CRYSTALS; ACTIN; MEMBRANE; PROKARYOTES; BIOGENESIS AB We examined the structure and biomineralization of prismatic magnetosomes in the magnetotactic marine vibrio Magnetovibrio blakemorei strain MV-1 and a non-magnetotactic mutant derived from it, using a combination of cryo-electron tomography and freeze-fracture. The vesicles enveloping the Magnetovibrio magnetosomes were elongated and detached from the cell membrane. Magnetosome crystal formation appeared to be initiated at a nucleation site on the membrane inner surface. Interestingly, while scattered filaments were observed in the surrounding cytoplasm, their association with the magnetosome chains could not be unequivocally established. Our data suggest fundamental differences between prismatic and octahedral magnetosomes in their mechanisms of nucleation and crystal growth as well as in their structural relationships with the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Abreu, Fernanda; Lins, Ulysses] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Inst Microbiol Paulo de Goes, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Sousa, Alioscka A.; Aronova, Maria A.; Cox, Daniel; Leapman, Richard D.] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kim, Youngchan] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Andrade, Leonardo R.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Inst Ciencias Biomed, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Andrade, Leonardo R.; Kachar, Bechara] Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Lab Cell Struct & Dynam, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Bazylinski, Dennis A.] Univ Nevada, Sch Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Lins, U (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, Ctr Ciencias Saude, Bloco 1,Ave Carlos Chagas Filho 373, BR-21941902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. EM ulins@micro.ufrj.br RI Inbeb, Inct/K-2317-2013; Andrade, Leonardo/C-9554-2011; Lins, Ulysses/N-7282-2015 OI Andrade, Leonardo/0000-0002-0004-5677; Lins, Ulysses/0000-0002-1786-1144 FU CNPq Brazilian agency; FAPERJ Brazilian agency; CAPES Brazilian agency; US National Science Foundation [EAR-0920718]; Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health FX UL and FA acknowledge partial financial support from CNPq, FAPERJ and CAPES Brazilian agencies. DAB is supported by US National Science Foundation grant EAR-0920718. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 52 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 181 IS 2 BP 162 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2012.12.002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 085PV UT WOS:000314627600009 PM 23246783 ER PT J AU Bucaro, JA Lagakos, N Houston, BH Dey, S Zalalutdinov, M AF Bucaro, J. A. Lagakos, N. Houston, B. H. Dey, Saikat Zalalutdinov, M. TI Compact directional acoustic sensor using a multi-fiber optical probe SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY SENSOR; MICROPHONE; INTENSITY; ARRAYS AB A compact directional acoustic sensor is described which uses a two-fiber optical probe, a light emitting diode (LED), a photo-diode detector, and a slender cylindrical cantilever to the end of which is attached an optical reflector. Acoustically induced transverse displacement of the cantilever tip modulates the light reflected by it into the collection fiber, which conveys the light to a photo-detector. Directional sensitivity is achieved through the dependence of the collected light on the cosine of the angle between a line through the centers of the two fibers and the cantilever tip displacement (the sound direction). The sensor requires relatively low power, and its LED source has low levels of 1/f noise. These attributes make it a good choice for remote low frequency applications requiring long operating lifetimes. An analytic model of the acoustic response of the cantilever is constructed, which is partially verified using a finite element model and experimentally validated using measurements of the acoustic response in air. The model is used to predict to what extent and over what frequency band that response depends upon the acoustically generated flow (drag) force [Yuan et al., IEEE Sensor J. 8, 1114-1117 (2008)]. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4773275] C1 [Bucaro, J. A.] Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Lagakos, N.] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Bucaro, J. A.; Lagakos, N.; Houston, B. H.; Dey, Saikat; Zalalutdinov, M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bucaro, JA (reprint author), Excet Inc, 8001 Braddock Rd,Suite 105, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM joseph.bucaro.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This research was carried out under support from the Office of Naval Research. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 27 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 133 IS 2 BP 832 EP 841 DI 10.1121/1.4773275 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 080TW UT WOS:000314267200032 PM 23363102 ER PT J AU Sarkissian, A Houston, B Bucaro, J Kraus, L AF Sarkissian, Angie Houston, Brian Bucaro, Joseph Kraus, Larry TI Near-field to far-field projection algorithm for free-field or buried scatterer SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB A near-field to far-field projection algorithm is applied to a structure in the free-field case and generalized to a buried scatterer. The method of superposition is applied where the scattered field produced by the target may be approximated by the field produced by a number of point sources placed near the target. The source strengths are determined by requiring the field they produce to satisfy boundary conditions on the measurement surface. In the free-field case, the expression of the Green's function is simple. In the buried case, the two-domain Green's function may be expressed as an integral over special functions. Once the source strengths are determined, the far-field is computed as a superposition of the fields produced by the individual sources. The algorithm is tested on numerically generated data. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4773860] C1 [Sarkissian, Angie; Houston, Brian] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bucaro, Joseph] Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Kraus, Larry] Global Strategies Grp, Crofton, MD 20813 USA. RP Sarkissian, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM angie.sarkissian@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program FX This work was supported by The Office of Naval Research and Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 133 IS 2 BP 912 EP 917 DI 10.1121/1.4773860 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 080TW UT WOS:000314267200039 PM 23363109 ER PT J AU Magann, EF Lutgendorf, MA Keiser, SD Porter, S Siegel, ER McKelvey, SA Morrison, JC AF Magann, Everett F. Lutgendorf, Monica A. Keiser, Sharon D. Porter, Stephanie Siegel, Eric R. McKelvey, Samantha A. Morrison, John C. TI Risk Factors for a Prolonged Third Stage of Labor and Postpartum Hemorrhage SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE risk factors; postpartum hemorrhage; prolonged third stage of labor ID POPULATION; DELIVERIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MISOPROSTOL; TRIAL AB Objectives: To determine the effect of a third stage of labor >= 15 minutes on bleeding after delivery and other risk factors for a postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Methods: This was a case-control study of women undergoing vaginal delivery with placental delivery >= 15 minutes matched by gestational age to the next delivery with placental delivery <15 minutes. Multiple risk factors were evaluated for association with delayed placenta and with PPH. Results: There were 226 pregnancies >= 15 minutes (cases) versus 226 whose placental time was <15 minutes (controls). The best-fit model identified placental delivery >= 15 minutes, history of retained placenta, nulliparity, and increased length of first stage of labor as significant factors for PPH. Conclusions: The best risk model for PPH includes placental delivery >= 15 minutes, history of retained placenta, nulliparity, and longer first stage of labor. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Biostat, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Morrison, JC (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. EM jmorrison@umc.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 106 IS 2 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3182824d1e PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 086VG UT WOS:000314715600003 PM 23380748 ER PT J AU Legler, PM Zabetakis, D Anderson, GP Lam, A Hol, WGJ Goldman, ER AF Legler, Patricia M. Zabetakis, Dan Anderson, George P. Lam, Anita Hol, Wim G. J. Goldman, Ellen R. TI Structure of a low-melting-temperature anti-cholera toxin: llama VHH domain SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEMENTARITY-DETERMINING REGIONS; HEAVY-CHAIN ANTIBODIES; FRAGMENTS; AGGREGATION; STABILITY; COOT AB Variable heavy domains derived from the heavy-chain-only antibodies found in camelids (VHH domains) are known for their thermal stability. Here, the structure of A9, an anti-cholera toxin VHH domain (K-d = 77 +/- 5 nM) that has an unusually low melting temperature of 319.9 +/- 1.6 K, is reported. The CDR3 residues of A9 form a beta-hairpin that is directed away from the former V-H-V-L interfacial surface, exposing hydrophobic residues to the solvent. A DALI structural similarity search showed that this CDR3 conformation is uncommon. C1 [Legler, Patricia M.; Zabetakis, Dan; Anderson, George P.; Goldman, Ellen R.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lam, Anita; Hol, Wim G. J.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Legler, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM patricia.legler@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU US Defense Threat Reduction Agency JSTO [CBCALL12-LS6-2-0036] FX We thank Stewart Turley for assistance with X-ray data collection. This work was funded in part by the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency JSTO award CBCALL12-LS6-2-0036. Disclaimer: The opinions or assertions contained herein belong to the authors and are not necessarily the official views of the US Navy or the US Department of Defense. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 69 BP 90 EP 93 DI 10.1107/S1744309112050750 PN 2 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 083MB UT WOS:000314467200003 PM 23385744 ER PT J AU Hammond, JE Bryant, B AF Hammond, James E. Bryant, Brandon TI Biceps Adhesion to the Rotator Cuff A Case Report SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE SLAP; biceps; shoulder; arthroscopy ID LONG HEAD; PROXIMAL BICEPS; TENDON; MANAGEMENT; ORIGIN C1 [Hammond, James E.; Bryant, Brandon] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Hammond, JE (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM shoulderfixr@gmail.com NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 41 IS 2 BP 302 EP 305 DI 10.1177/0363546512471182 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 081GY UT WOS:000314307500012 PM 23263295 ER PT J AU Wong, JH Peterson, MS AF Wong, Jason H. Peterson, Matthew S. TI What we remember affects how we see: Spatial working memory steers saccade programming SO ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Attention and memory; Eye movements and visual attention ID VISUAL-ATTENTION; EYE-MOVEMENTS; DIRECTING ATTENTION; OCULOMOTOR CAPTURE; PREMOTOR THEORY; TIME-COURSE; INHIBITION; REHEARSAL; MAINTENANCE; ALLOCATION AB Relationships between visual attention, saccade programming, and visual working memory have been hypothesized for over a decade. Awh, Jonides, and Reuter-Lorenz (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 24(3):780-90, 1998) and Awh et al. (Psychological Science 10(5):433-437, 1999) proposed that rehearsing a location in memory also leads to enhanced attentional processing at that location. In regard to eye movements, Belopolsky and Theeuwes (Attention, Perception & Psychophysics 71(3):620-631, 2009) found that holding a location in working memory affects saccade programming, albeit negatively. In three experiments, we attempted to replicate the findings of Belopolsky and Theeuwes (Attention, Perception & Psychophysics 71(3):620-631, 2009) and determine whether the spatial memory effect can occur in other saccade-cuing paradigms, including endogenous central arrow cues and exogenous irrelevant singletons. In the first experiment, our results were the opposite of those in Belopolsky and Theeuwes (Attention, Perception & Psychophysics 71(3):620-631, 2009), in that we found facilitation (shorter saccade latencies) instead of inhibition when the saccade target matched the region in spatial working memory. In Experiment 2, we sought to determine whether the spatial working memory effect would generalize to other endogenous cuing tasks, such as a central arrow that pointed to one of six possible peripheral locations. As in Experiment 1, we found that saccade programming was facilitated when the cued location coincided with the saccade target. In Experiment 3, we explored how spatial memory interacts with other types of cues, such as a peripheral color singleton target or irrelevant onset. In both cases, the eyes were more likely to go to either singleton when it coincided with the location held in spatial working memory. On the basis of these results, we conclude that spatial working memory and saccade programming are likely to share common overlapping circuitry. C1 [Wong, Jason H.; Peterson, Matthew S.] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wong, Jason H.] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wong, JH (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Bldg 1171-2,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM jason.h.wong@navy.mil FU Department of Defense SMART scholarship FX The authors thank our lab members for helpful comments on the manuscript and, in particular, Allison Sleeman, Bobby Azarian, Eric Blumberg, and Melissa Smith for their help with Experiments 1 and 2. This work was adapted from a portion of J. H. Wong's doctoral dissertation and was funded by a Department of Defense SMART scholarship to J. H. Wong. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jason H. Wong, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Building 1171/2, Newport, RI 02841 (email: jason.h.wong@navy.mil). NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1943-3921 J9 ATTEN PERCEPT PSYCHO JI Atten. Percept. Psychophys. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 75 IS 2 BP 308 EP 321 DI 10.3758/s13414-012-0388-7 PG 14 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 081BX UT WOS:000314291700009 PM 23093301 ER PT J AU Yang, JH Kennedy, Q Sullivan, J Fricker, RD AF Yang, Ji Hyun Kennedy, Quinn Sullivan, Joseph Fricker, Ronald D., Jr. TI Pilot Performance: Assessing How Scan Patterns & Navigational Assessments Vary by Flight Expertise SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE expertise; scan strategy; cognition; subjective assessment ID DECISION-MAKING AB YANG JH, KENNEDY Q, SULLIVAN J, FRICKER Jr RD. Pilot performance: assessing how scan patterns & navigational assessments vary by flight expertise. Aviat Space Environ Med 2013; 84:116-24. Introduction: Helicopter overland navigation is a cognitively complex task that requires continuous monitoring of system and environmental parameters and many hours of training to master. This study investigated the effect of expertise on pilots' gaze measurements, navigation accuracy, and subjective assessment of their navigation accuracy in overland navigation on easy and difficult routes. Methods: A simulated overland task was completed by 12 military officers who ranged in flight experience as measured by total flight hours (TFH). They first studied a map of a route that included both easy and difficult route sections, and then had to 'fly' this simulated route in a fixed-base helicopter simulator. They also completed pre-task estimations and post-task assessments of the navigational difficulty of the transit to each waypoint in the route. Their scan pattern was tracked via eye tracking systems, which captured both the subject's out-the-window (OTW) and topographical map scan data. Results: TFH was not associated with navigation accuracy or root mean square (RMS) error for any route section. For the easy routes, experts spent less time scanning out the window (rho = -0.61) and had shorter OTW dwell (rho = -0.66). For the difficult routes, experts appeared to slow down their scan by spending as much time scanning out the window as the novices while also having fewer Map fixations (rho = -0.65) and shorter OTW dwell (rho = -0.69). However, TFH was not significantly correlated with more accurate estimates of route difficulty. Discussion: This study found that TFH did not predict navigation accuracy or subjective assessment, but was correlated with some gaze parameters. C1 [Yang, Ji Hyun; Kennedy, Quinn; Sullivan, Joseph; Fricker, Ronald D., Jr.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yang, JH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 700 Dyer Rd,Bldg 245,Rm 265, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jyan1@nps.edu FU Naval Modeling Simulation Office (NMSO); Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work is funded by the Naval Modeling Simulation Office (NMSO) and Office of Naval Research (ONR). We are grateful to Noah Lloyd-Edelman for helping us in calibrating the experimental device and to Michael Day for providing technical support for the experimental setup. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 84 IS 2 BP 116 EP 124 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3372.2013 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 079VO UT WOS:000314200500005 PM 23447849 ER PT J AU Bartlett, JL Sessoms, PH Reini, SA AF Bartlett, Jamie L. Sessoms, Pinata H. Reini, Seth A. TI Strength Through Science: Using Virtual Technology to Advance the Warfighter SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TREADMILL WALKING C1 [Bartlett, Jamie L.; Sessoms, Pinata H.; Reini, Seth A.] USN, Warfighter Performance Dept, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Bartlett, JL (reprint author), USN, Warfighter Performance Dept, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RI Bartlett, Jamie/B-9756-2014 OI Bartlett, Jamie/0000-0001-7934-7119 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 84 IS 2 BP 165 EP 166 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3578.2013 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 079VO UT WOS:000314200500013 PM 23447856 ER PT J AU Boey, YK Kwon, YW AF Boey, Y. K. Kwon, Y. W. TI Progressive damage and failure strength of notched woven fabric composites under axial loading with varying strain rates SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Damage and failure; Varying strain rate; Woven fabric composite ID PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; GLASS/EPOXY COMPOSITES; FIBROUS COMPOSITES; CIRCULAR HOLE; FRACTURE; BEHAVIOR; CRACK AB This study investigated the failure of notched and un-notched plain weave composite specimens subjected to varying strain rate loading. Different strain rate axial loads were applied to observe the rate effect on the failure. Both uniform and non-uniform strain rate loads were applied to the notched and un-notched composite specimens, respectively. Notched specimens showed initial cracks at the edge of the hole before final fracture. The initial crack under tensile loading became smaller as the strain rate increased. The initial crack length was predicted using the finite element analysis of the non-homogeneous, micromechanics-based model. The predicted length agreed well with the experimental measurement. Application of the initial crack size for the characteristic distance of the Average Stress failure criterion yielded acceptable tensile notch strengths. The compressive notch strength was less sensitive to the tensile notch strength. The non-constant, varying strain rate loading showed that the failure strength and stiffness depend on the history of the applied loading rates. The effects of the varying strain rates on both notched and un-notched specimens were different qualitatively. However, the strength ratios of the notched to un-notched specimens under varying rates were greater than those under constant rates regardless of tensile or compressive loading. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Boey, Y. K.; Kwon, Y. W.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM ywkwon@nps.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 96 BP 824 EP 832 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.09.035 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 073XR UT WOS:000313776900080 ER PT J AU Porter, CK Thura, N Ranallo, RT Riddle, MS AF Porter, C. K. Thura, N. Ranallo, R. T. Riddle, M. S. TI The Shigella human challenge model SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Review DE Gastrointestinal infections; Shigella; travellers' infection ID IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; FLEXNERI 2A; CLINICAL-TRIALS; SONNEI VACCINE; INFECTION; METAANALYSIS; VOLUNTEERS; EFFICACY; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION AB Shigella is an important bacterial cause of infectious diarrhoea globally. The Shigella human challenge model has been used since 1946 for a variety of objectives including understanding disease pathogenesis, human immune responses and allowing for an early assessment of vaccine efficacy. A systematic review of the literature regarding experimental shigellosis in human subjects was conducted. Summative estimates were calculated by strain and dose. While a total of 19 studies evaluating nine strains at doses ranging from 10 to 1 x 10(10) colony-founing units were identified, most studies utilized the S. sonnei strain 53G and the S. flexneri strain 2457T. Inoculum solution and pre-inoculation buffering has varied over time although diarrhoea attack rates do not appear to increase above 75-80%, and dysentery rates remain fairly constant, highlighting the need for additional dose-ranging studies. Expansion of the model to include additional strains from different serotypes will elucidate serotype and strain-specific outcome variability. C1 [Porter, C. K.] USN, Enter Dis Dept, Infect Dis Directorate, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ranallo, R. T.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Live Attenuated Shigella Vaccines, Bacterial Dis Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Porter, CK (reprint author), USN, Enter Dis Dept, Infect Dis Directorate, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chad.porter@med.navy.mil FU Military Infectious Disease Research Program funding FX This study was conducted under support of Military Infectious Disease Research Program funding. The opinions and assertions herein should not be construed as official or representing the views of the Department of the Navy, Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This is a U.S. Government work. There are no restrictions on its use. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 141 IS 2 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1017/S0950268812001677 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 077FN UT WOS:000314013400001 PM 22906296 ER PT J AU Augier, M AF Augier, Mie TI The early evolution of the foundations for behavioral organization theory and strategy SO EUROPEAN MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Organization theory; Strategy; History of management; Behavioral organization theory; James March; Herbert Simon ID RATIONAL CHOICE; ECONOMICS AB While the field(s) of management theory and the history of modern ideas in management, business education and organizations have many different intellectual roots, the Carnegie Mellon Behavioral trio (James March, Herbert Simon and Richard Cyert) who founded the behavioral perspective on organizations stand out not just for their collective contribution to founding the field of organizational behavior as we know it today, but also for their subsequent individual contributions to the field. Organizations and Behavioral Theory of the Firm set the stage for several subsequent developments in organization and management theory including research on learning, strategic management, organizational economics and organizational routines (Gibbons, 2003; Pierce, Boerner & Teece, 2002; Williamson, 2002, 2004; Augier Et Teece, 2005, 2009). In addition to providing some background on the Carnegie work, this paper traces the genealogy and development of some of the work of the founding fathers, and making the points that (1) while the work of Herbert Simon crossed disciplinary boundaries, he saw himself as doing only one thing, working in understanding limited rationality in decision making and (2) the work of James March shaped the field in a co-evolutionary way since he has been influenced too by the developments in organization studies. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Augier, Mie] USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr New Secur Econ & Net Assessment, Monterey, CA 94943 USA. [Augier, Mie] Stanford Grad Sch Business, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Augier, M (reprint author), Stanford Grad Sch Business, 250 W Fac Bldg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM meaugier@nps.edu NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2373 EI 1873-5681 J9 EUR MANAG J JI Eur. Manag. J. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 31 IS 1 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.emj.2012.11.005 PG 10 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 082IY UT WOS:000314386700007 ER PT J AU Meyer, DJ Deen, DA Storm, DF Ancona, MG Katzer, DS Bass, R Roussos, JA Downey, BP Binari, SC Gougousi, T Paskova, T Preble, EA Evans, KR AF Meyer, David J. Deen, David A. Storm, David F. Ancona, Mario G. Katzer, D. Scott Bass, Robert Roussos, Jason A. Downey, Brian P. Binari, Steven C. Gougousi, Theodosia Paskova, Tanya Preble, Edward A. Evans, Keith R. TI High Electron Velocity Submicrometer AlN/GaN MOS-HEMTs on Freestanding GaN Substrates SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Atomic layer deposition; AlN; GaN; high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs); HfO2; hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) ID INSULATED-GATE HEMTS; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; RESISTANCE; F(T) AB AlN/GaN heterostructures with 1700-cm(2)/V . s Hall mobility have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on freestanding GaN substrates. Submicrometer gate-length (L-G) metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) fabricated from this material show excellent dc and RF performance. L-G = 100 nm devices exhibited a drain current density of 1.5 A/mm, current gain cutoff frequency f(T) of 165 GHz, a maximum frequency of oscillation f(max) of 171 GHz, and intrinsic average electron velocity v(e) of 1.5 x 10(7) cm/s. The 40-GHz load-pull measurements of L-G = 140 nm devices showed 1-W/mm output power, with a 4.6-dB gain and 17% power-added efficiency. GaN substrates provide a way of achieving high mobility, high v(e), and high RF performance in AlN/GaN transistors. C1 [Meyer, David J.; Deen, David A.; Storm, David F.; Ancona, Mario G.; Katzer, D. Scott; Bass, Robert; Roussos, Jason A.; Downey, Brian P.; Binari, Steven C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gougousi, Theodosia] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Paskova, Tanya; Preble, Edward A.; Evans, Keith R.] Kyma Technol, Raleigh, NC 27617 USA. RP Meyer, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.meyer@nrl.navy.mil; dadeen@umn.edu RI Paskova, Tanya/D-2203-2009; Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013; Gougousi, Theodosia/C-8156-2014 FU Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation [DMR 0846445] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research with funding from Dr. P. Maki. The work at the University of Maryland Baltimore County was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMR 0846445. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor J. A. del Alamo. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 65 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 34 IS 2 BP 199 EP 201 DI 10.1109/LED.2012.2228463 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 079LZ UT WOS:000314173200017 ER PT J AU Amin, R Gould, R Hou, WL Arnone, R Lee, ZP AF Amin, Ruhul Gould, Richard Hou, Weilin Arnone, Robert Lee, Zhongping TI Optical Algorithm for Cloud Shadow Detection Over Water SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral imagery; ocean color; optical algorithm; remote sensing; shadow detection ID AVHRR DATA; ILLUMINATION CONDITIONS; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; REMOVAL; ASSIMILATION; RETRIEVAL; CANADA; MODEL; LAND AB The application of ocean color product retrieval algorithms for pixels containing cloud shadows leads to erroneous results. Thus, shadows are an important scene type that should be identified and excluded from the set of clear-sky pixels. In this paper, we present an optical cloud shadow-detection technique called the Cloud Shadow Detection Index (CSDI). This approach is for homogeneous water bodies such as deep waters where shadow detection is very challenging due to the relatively small differences in the brightness values of the shadows and neighboring sunlit or some other regions. The CSDI technique is developed based on the small differences between the total radiances reaching the sensor from the shadowed and neighboring sunlit regions of similar optical properties by amplifying the differences through integrating the spectra of the two regions. The Integrated Value (IV) is then normalized by the mean of the IVs within a spatial adaptive sliding box where atmospheric and marine optical properties are assumed homogeneous. Assuming that the true color and the IV images represent accurate shadow locations, the results were visually compared. The CSDI images agree reasonably well with the corresponding true color and the IV images over open ocean. Also, the shape of the cloud shadow particularly for the isolated cloud closely follows that of the cloud, as expected, reconfirming the potential of the CSDI technique. C1 [Amin, Ruhul; Gould, Richard; Hou, Weilin; Arnone, Robert] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Lee, Zhongping] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Amin, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM ruhul.amin@nrlssc.navy.mil; gould@nrlssc.navy.mil; wilin.hou@nrlssc.navy.mil; arnone@nrlssc.navy.mil; zhongping.lee@umb.edu FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [PE0602435N] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Program Element PE0602435N "Realizing the Naval Scientific Return of HICO." NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 44 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2013 VL 51 IS 2 BP 732 EP 741 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2204267 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 077HW UT WOS:000314019500002 ER PT J AU Ardhuin, F Herbers, THC AF Ardhuin, Fabrice Herbers, T. H. C. TI Noise generation in the solid Earth, oceans and atmosphere, from nonlinear interacting surface gravity waves in finite depth SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE acoustics; geophysical and geological flows; surface gravity waves ID UNDERWATER SOUND; SEISMIC NOISE; SEA-FLOOR; RADIATION; PRESSURE; ENERGY; FIELD; MICROBAROMS; MICROSEISMS AB Oceanic pressure measurements, even in very deep water, and atmospheric pressure or seismic records, from anywhere on Earth, contain noise with dominant periods between 3 and 10 s, which is believed to be excited by ocean surface gravity waves. Most of this noise is explained by a nonlinear wave-wave interaction mechanism, and takes the form of surface gravity waves, acoustic or seismic waves. Previous theoretical work on seismic noise focused on surface (Rayleigh) waves, and did not consider finite-depth effects on the generating wave kinematics. These finite-depth effects are introduced here, which requires the consideration of the direct wave-induced pressure at the ocean bottom, a contribution previously overlooked in the context of seismic noise. That contribution can lead to a considerable reduction of the seismic noise source, which is particularly relevant for noise periods larger than 10 s. The theory is applied to acoustic waves in the atmosphere, extending previous theories that were limited to vertical propagation only. Finally, the noise generation theory is also extended beyond the domain of Rayleigh waves, giving the first quantitative expression for sources of seismic body waves. In the limit of slow phase speeds in the ocean wave forcing, the known and well-verified gravity wave result is obtained, which was previously derived for an incompressible ocean. The noise source of acoustic, acoustic-gravity and seismic modes are given by a mode-specific amplification of the same wave-induced pressure field near zero wavenumber. C1 [Ardhuin, Fabrice] IFREMER, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Herbers, T. H. C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ardhuin, F (reprint author), IFREMER, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, F-29280 Plouzane, France. EM ardhuin@ifremer.fr RI Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011 OI Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681 FU ERC [240009]; US National Ocean Partnership Program [N00014-10-1-0383]; US Office of Naval Research Littoral Geosciences and Optics Program; US National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) FX F.A. is funded by ERC grant 240009 'IOWAGA' with additional support from the US National Ocean Partnership Program, under grant N00014-10-1-0383. T.H.C.H. is supported by the US Office of Naval Research Littoral Geosciences and Optics Program and the US National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP). Discussions with S. Webb and L. Marie on the theoretical aspects are gratefully acknowledged. NR 57 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 716 BP 316 EP 348 DI 10.1017/jfm.2012.548 PG 33 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 082WF UT WOS:000314422800028 ER PT J AU Melcer, T Walker, GJ Sechriest, VF Galarneau, M Konoske, P Pyo, J AF Melcer, Ted Walker, G. Jay Sechriest, V. Franklin Galarneau, Michael Konoske, Paula Pyo, Jay TI Short-Term Physical and Mental Health Outcomes for Combat Amputee and Nonamputee Extremity Injury Patients SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE blast injury; combat amputee; extremity injury; postinjury infections; mental health diagnoses; posttraumatic stress disorder ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; ENDURING FREEDOM; IRAQ; INFECTIONS; RISK AB Objectives: The present study: (1) reports the early physical health complications, mental health outcomes, and outpatient health care utilization of patients with serious extremity injuries sustained during the Iraq or Afghanistan wars and (2) compares clinical outcomes between amputee and nonamputee extremity injury groups. Method: This was a retrospective review of clinical records in military health databases for patients injured in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Health outcomes of amputee (n = 382, injured 2001-2005) and nonamputee patients (n = 274, injured 2001-2007) with serious extremity injuries (abbreviated injury score >= 3) were followed up to 24 months post injury. This study was performed at Naval Health Research Center, San Diego. Results: Amputee and nonamputee groups had similar injury severity scores. Amputees had nearly double the risk of certain adverse complications (infections, anemia, septicemia, and thromboembolic disease), but other complications (osteomyelitis and nonhealing wound) were similar between the 2 groups. Amputees had significantly greater odds of certain mental health disorders including mood, sleep, pain, and postconcussion syndrome. However, amputees had significantly reduced odds of posttraumatic stress disorder compared with nonamputees. Amputees used various outpatient clinics significantly more than nonamputees. Conclusions: Patients with serious combat extremity injuries showed high rates of adverse health outcomes in the short term. Amputees had higher rates of many but not all clinically important physical and mental health outcomes compared to nonamputees. These results are important for military orthopaedic surgeons and allied providers who care for and counsel these patients and clinicians and researchers who seek to understand and improve health outcomes in patients with extremity war injuries. C1 [Melcer, Ted; Galarneau, Michael; Konoske, Paula] USN, Med Modeling Simulat & Miss Support Dept, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Walker, G. Jay] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Sechriest, V. Franklin] USN, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Pyo, Jay] USN, Comprehens Complex Casualty Care Ctr, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Melcer, T (reprint author), USN, Med Modeling Simulat & Miss Support Dept, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM ted.melcer@med.navy.mil FU Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs), US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Marine Corps Systems Command; Office of Naval Research: NHRC Work Unit [60332]; Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA [60332] FX Supported by Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs), US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Marine Corps Systems Command, and the Office of Naval Research: NHRC Work Unit: 60332. Report No. 10-24 was supported by the Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, under Work Unit No. 60332. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP E31 EP E37 DI 10.1097/BOT.0b013e3182517e1c PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 077VV UT WOS:000314058300002 PM 22495531 ER PT J AU Kuehner, CA AF Kuehner, Cynthia A. TI My military: A navy nurse practitioner's perspective on military culture and joining forces for veteran health SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS LA English DT Article DE Military culture; joining forces; nurse practitioner; veteran health AB Purpose This article responds to the need for improved integration of veteran health considerations across the broader community. A focus of the Joining Forces initiative is to foster partnerships between veterans and their communities through enhanced education, knowledge, and commitment of resources and support. Data resources Data and resources on known threats to veteran health are widely available in the literature. Personal perspectives on military culture and experience expand the body of knowledge and lead to improved outcomes in both established and evolving care delivery models and best practices for veteran health. Conclusions The need for veteran health care outside of military and Veterans Affairs facilities is vast and expanding. Enhancing resources for health care of veterans is of critical importance. An understanding of military culture offers a basic reference for nonmilitary care providers to consider when providing and facilitating care across the continuum of veterans health. Implications for practice Nurse practitioners (NPs) are ideal providers of care for veteran and military family healthcare needs. NP practice incorporates cultural sensitivity, prevention strategies, and wellness-focused care while delivering and facilitating optimal patient, family, and community outcomes. The NP will be of critical community value in joining forces for veteran health. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Kuehner, CA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM cynthia.kuehner@med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1041-2972 J9 J AM ACAD NURSE PRAC JI J. Am. Acad. Nurse Pract. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 25 IS 2 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2012.00810.x PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing GA 077ZK UT WOS:000314067700003 PM 23347243 ER PT J AU Lednicky, EJ Silvestrini, RT AF Lednicky, Eric J. Silvestrini, Rachel T. TI Quantifying Gains Using the Capabilities-Based Test and Evaluation Method SO QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE design of experiments; optimal design; specifications-based test and evaluation AB Today's military operating environments are more operationally diverse and technically challenging. Fielding relevant weapons systems to meet the demands of this environment is increasingly difficult, prompting policy shifts that mandate a focus on systems capable of combating a wide threat range. The capabilities-based test and evaluation construct is the Department of the Navy's effort to concentrate on integrated system design with the objective of satisfying a particular operational response (capability) under a robust range of operating conditions. One aspect of capabilities-based test and evaluation is the increased employment of advanced mathematical and statistical techniques in the test and evaluation (T&E) process. This case study illustrates advantages of incorporating these invaluable techniques, like design of experiments and modeling and simulation, within the T&E process. We found through statistical analysis that the application of design of experiment concepts to the System Under Test throughout three primary phases of T&E quantifiably improved the accomplishment of the selected response variable of interest. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lednicky, Eric J.; Silvestrini, Rachel T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Silvestrini, RT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM rtjohnso@nps.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0748-8017 J9 QUAL RELIAB ENG INT JI Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 139 EP 156 DI 10.1002/qre.1292 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 078RF UT WOS:000314116300013 ER PT J AU Pusateri, AE Weiskopf, RB Bebarta, V Butler, F Cestero, RF Chaudry, IH Deal, V Dorlac, WC Gerhardt, RT Given, MB Hansen, DR Hoots, WK Klein, HG Macdonald, VW Mattox, KL Michael, RA Mogford, J Montcalm-Smith, EA Niemeyer, DM Prusaczyk, WK Rappold, JF Rassmussen, T Rentas, F Ross, J Thompson, C Tucker, LD AF Pusateri, Anthony E. Weiskopf, Richard B. Bebarta, Vikhyat Butler, Frank Cestero, Ramon F. Chaudry, Irshad H. Deal, Virgil Dorlac, Warren C. Gerhardt, Robert T. Given, Michael B. Hansen, Dan R. Hoots, W. Keith Klein, Harvey G. Macdonald, Victor W. Mattox, Kenneth L. Michael, Rodney A. Mogford, Jon Montcalm-Smith, Elizabeth A. Niemeyer, Debra M. Prusaczyk, W. Keith Rappold, Joseph F. Rassmussen, Todd Rentas, Francisco Ross, James Thompson, Christopher Tucker, Leo D. CA US DoD Hemorrhage Resuscitation Re TI TRANEXAMIC ACID AND TRAUMA: CURRENT STATUS AND KNOWLEDGE GAPS WITH RECOMMENDED RESEARCH PRIORITIES SO SHOCK LA English DT Review DE Tranexamic acid; trauma; efficacy; safety; research requirements ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; CARDIAC-SURGERY; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; SEIZURES; APROTININ; HEMORRHAGE; TRANSFUSION; CRASH-2; SAFETY AB A recent large civilian randomized controlled trial on the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) for trauma reported important survival benefits. Subsequently, successful use of TXA for combat casualties in Afghanistan was also reported. As a result of these promising studies, there has been growing interest in the use of TXA for trauma. Potential adverse effects of TXA have also been reported. A US Department of Defense committee conducted a review and assessment of knowledge gaps and research requirements regarding the use of TXA for the treatment of casualties that have experienced traumatic hemorrhage. We present identified knowledge gaps and associated research priorities. We believe that important knowledge gaps exist and that a targeted, prioritized research effort will contribute to the refinement of practice guidelines over time. C1 [Pusateri, Anthony E.] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Weiskopf, Richard B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Butler, Frank] Def Hlth Board, Comm Tact Combat Casualty Care, Pensacola, FL USA. [Cestero, Ramon F.; Ross, James] USN, Med Res Unit, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Chaudry, Irshad H.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. [Deal, Virgil] US Special Operat Command, Macdill AFB, FL USA. [Dorlac, Warren C.] Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Gerhardt, Robert T.; Rassmussen, Todd] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Given, Michael B.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Hoots, W. Keith] NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Klein, Harvey G.] NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Macdonald, Victor W.; Michael, Rodney A.] US Army Med Mat Dev Act, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Mattox, Kenneth L.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mogford, Jon] Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA USA. [Montcalm-Smith, Elizabeth A.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Prusaczyk, W. Keith] USN, Med Res & Dev Ctr, Frederick, MD USA. [Rappold, Joseph F.] USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Rentas, Francisco] US Armed Serv Blood Program Off, Falls Church, VA USA. [Thompson, Christopher] USN, Undersea Med Inst, Groton, CT USA. [Tucker, Leo D.] USA, Med Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Pusateri, AE (reprint author), USA, DoD Hemorrhage & Resuscitat Res & Dev Program, Combat Casualty Care Res Program, Med Res & Mat Command, Bldg 722, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM anthony.pusateri@amedd.army.mil RI bebarta, vikhyat/K-3476-2015 NR 34 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD FEB PY 2013 VL 39 IS 2 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1097/SHK.0b013e318280409a PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 080ZF UT WOS:000314282900002 PM 23222525 ER PT J AU White, NJ Wang, X Bradbury, N Moon-Massat, PF Freilich, D Auker, C McCarron, R Scultetus, A Stern, SA AF White, Nathan J. Wang, Xu Bradbury, Nicole Moon-Massat, Paula F. Freilich, Daniel Auker, Charles McCarron, Richard Scultetus, Anke Stern, Susan A. TI FLUID RESUSCITATION OF UNCONTROLLED HEMORRHAGE USING A HEMOGLOBIN-BASED OXYGEN CARRIER: EFFECT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY SO SHOCK LA English DT Article DE Hemorrhage; traumatic brain injury; shock; fluid resuscitation; hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier ID BOVINE POLYMERIZED HEMOGLOBIN; SWINE MODEL; ORGAN FUNCTION; SHOCK; HBOC-201; SUPPRESSION; MORTALITY; RESPONSES; SURVIVAL; DELAY AB Animal models of combined traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock (HS) suggest a benefit of hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC)-based resuscitation, but their use remains controversial, and little is known of the specific effects of TBI and high-pressure (large arterial injury) bleeding on resuscitation. We examine the effect of TBI and aortic tear injury on low-volume HBOC resuscitation in a swine polytrauma model and hypothesize that HBOC-based resuscitation will improve survival in the setting of aortic tear regardless of the presence of TBI. Anesthetized swine subjected to HS with aortic tear with or without fluid percussion TBI underwent equivalent limited resuscitation with HBOC, lactated Ringer's solution, or HBOC + nitroglycerine (vasoattenuated HBOC) and were observed for 6 h. There was no independent effect of TBI on survival time after adjustment for fluid type, and there was no interaction between TBI and resuscitation fluid type. However, total catheter hemorrhage volume required to reach target shock blood pressure was less with TBI (14.0 mL . kg(-1) [confidence interval, 12.4-15.6 mL . kg(-1)]) versus HS only (21.0 mL . kg(-1) [confidence interval, 19.5-22.5 mL . kg(-1)]), with equivalent lactate accumulation. Traumatic brain injury did not affect survival in this polytrauma model, but less hemorrhage was required in the presence of TBI to achieve an equivalent degree of shock suggesting globally impaired cardiovascular response to hemorrhage in the presence of TBI. There was also no benefit of HBOC-based fluid resuscitation over lactated Ringer's solution, contrary to models using liver injury as the source of hemorrhage, considering wound location is of paramount importance when choosing resuscitation strategy. C1 [White, Nathan J.; Wang, Xu; Bradbury, Nicole; Stern, Susan A.] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Div Emergency Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Moon-Massat, Paula F.; Auker, Charles; McCarron, Richard; Scultetus, Anke] USN, NeuroTrauma Dept, OUMD, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Freilich, Daniel] Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. RP White, NJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Div Emergency Med, Box 359702,325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM whiten4@uw.edu FU Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC) [W81XWH-08-2-0166, HBOC-201]; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) [KL2 TR000421]; National Institutes of Health (NIH); NCRR [KL2 RR025015] FX This study was supported by the Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC) (CDMRP grant W81XWH-08-2-0166) and, in part, by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) (grant KL2 TR000421), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH); NMRC also provided HBOC-201 (Biopure; OPK Biotech). Dr White was funded under NCRR (grant KL2 RR025015). NR 35 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD FEB PY 2013 VL 39 IS 2 BP 210 EP 219 DI 10.1097/SHK.0b013e31827fd62b PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 080ZF UT WOS:000314282900015 PM 23324891 ER PT J AU Shattuck, NL Brown, SAT AF Shattuck, Nita Lewis Brown, Stephanie A. T. TI Wounded in Action: What the Sleep Community can Learn from Sleep Disorders of US Military Service Members SO SLEEP LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Shattuck, Nita Lewis] USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Shattuck, NL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nlshattu@nps.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 159 EP 160 DI 10.5665/sleep.2356 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 082LQ UT WOS:000314393700001 PM 23372259 ER PT J AU Zacharias, N Finch, CT Girard, TM Henden, A Bartlett, JL Monet, DG Zacharias, MI AF Zacharias, N. Finch, C. T. Girard, T. M. Henden, A. Bartlett, J. L. Monet, D. G. Zacharias, M. I. TI THE FOURTH US NAVAL OBSERVATORY CCD ASTROGRAPH CATALOG (UCAC4) SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; reference systems; stars: kinematics and dynamics ID PROPER-MOTION STARS; SKY SURVEY 2MASS; TO 0.''18 YR(-1); RIGHT ASCENSION; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; DECLINATIONS -90-DEGREES; SOUTHERN SKY; 13H 30M; DISCOVERY; -40-DEGREES AB The fourth United States Naval Observatory (USNO) CCD Astrograph Catalog, UCAC4, was released in 2012 August (double-sided DVD and CDS data center Vizier catalog I/322). It is the final release in this series and contains over 113 million objects; over 105 million of them with proper motions (PMs). UCAC4 is an updated version of UCAC3 with about the same number of stars also covering all-sky. Bugs were fixed, Schmidt plate survey data were avoided, and precise five-band photometry was added for about half the stars. Astrograph observations have been supplemented for bright stars by FK6, Hipparcos, and Tycho-2 data to compile a UCAC4 star catalog complete from the brightest stars to about magnitude R = 16. Epoch 1998-2004 positions are obtained from observations with the 20 cm aperture USNO Astrograph's "red lens," equipped with a 4k by 4k CCD. Mean positions and PMs are derived by combining these observations with over 140 ground-and space-based catalogs, including Hipparcos/Tycho and the AC2000.2, as well as unpublished measures of over 5000 plates from other astrographs. For most of the faint stars in the southern hemisphere, the first epoch plates from the Southern Proper Motion program form the basis for PMs, while the Northern Proper Motion first epoch plates serve the same purpose for the rest of the sky. These data are supplemented by 2MASS near-IR photometry for about 110 million stars and five-band (B, V, g, r, i) APASS data for over 51 million stars. Thus the published UCAC4, as were UCAC3 and UCAC2, is a compiled catalog with the UCAC observational program being a major component. The positional accuracy of stars in UCAC4 at mean epoch is about 15-100 mas per coordinate, depending on magnitude, while the formal errors in PMs range from about 1 to 10 mas yr(-1) depending on magnitude and observing history. Systematic errors in PMs are estimated to be about 1-4 mas yr(-1). C1 [Zacharias, N.; Finch, C. T.; Bartlett, J. L.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Girard, T. M.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Henden, A.] AAVSO, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Monet, D. G.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM nz@usno.navy.mil NR 41 TC 418 Z9 423 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 145 IS 2 AR 44 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/145/2/44 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 071FB UT WOS:000313571600018 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Asano, K Baldini, L Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bellazzini, R Blandford, RD Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bottacini, E Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Cecchi, C Charles, E Chaves, RCG Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A de Palma, F Dermer, CD Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Focke, WB Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Granot, J Greiner, J Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Hayashida, M Hays, E Hughes, RE Jackson, MS Jogler, T Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Knodlseder, J Kocevski, D Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mehault, J Meszaros, P Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monte, C Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Naumann-Godo, M Norris, JP Nuss, E Nymark, T Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E Paneque, D Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Racusin, JL Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Romoli, C Roth, M Ryde, F Sanchez, DA Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Sonbas, E Spinelli, P Stamatikos, M Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Tosti, G Troja, E Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V Waite, AP Winer, BL Wood, KS Yang, Z Gruber, D Bhat, PN Bissaldi, E Briggs, MS Burgess, JM Connaughton, V Foley, S Kippen, RM Kouveliotou, C McBreen, S McGlynn, S Paciesas, WS Pelassa, V Preece, R Rau, A van der Horst, AJ von Kienlin, A Kann, DA Filgas, R Klose, S Kruhler, T Fukui, A Sako, T Tristram, PJ Oates, SR Ukwatta, TN Littlejohns, O AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Asano, K. Baldini, L. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Blandford, R. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bottacini, E. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chaves, R. C. G. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Granot, J. Greiner, J. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Jackson, M. S. Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Knoedlseder, J. Kocevski, D. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Meszaros, P. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Naumann-Godo, M. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Nymark, T. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Racusin, J. L. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Romoli, C. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sanchez, D. A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Sonbas, E. Spinelli, P. Stamatikos, M. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. Gruber, D. Bhat, P. N. Bissaldi, E. Briggs, M. S. Burgess, J. M. Connaughton, V. Foley, S. Kippen, R. M. Kouveliotou, C. McBreen, S. McGlynn, S. Paciesas, W. S. Pelassa, V. Preece, R. Rau, A. van der Horst, A. J. von Kienlin, A. Kann, D. A. Filgas, R. Klose, S. Kruhler, T. Fukui, A. Sako, T. Tristram, P. J. Oates, S. R. Ukwatta, T. N. Littlejohns, O. TI MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF GRB 110731A: GeV EMISSION FROM ONSET TO AFTERGLOW SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB110731A) ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SWIFT ULTRAVIOLET/OPTICAL TELESCOPE; INTERNAL SHOCK MODEL; LIGHT CURVES; OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS; FERMI OBSERVATIONS; SPECTRAL CATALOG; PEAK LUMINOSITY AB We report on the multiwavelength observations of the bright, long gamma-ray burst GRB 110731A, by the Fermi and Swift observatories, and by the MOA and GROND optical telescopes. The analysis of the prompt phase reveals that GRB 110731A shares many features with bright Large Area Telescope bursts observed by Fermi during the first three years on-orbit: a light curve with short time variability across the whole energy range during the prompt phase, delayed onset of the emission above 100 MeV, extra power-law component and temporally extended high-energy emission. In addition, this is the first GRB for which simultaneous GeV, X-ray, and optical data are available over multiple epochs beginning just after the trigger time and extending for more than 800 s, allowing temporal and spectral analysis in different epochs that favor emission from the forward shock in a wind-type medium. The observed temporally extended GeV emission is most likely part of the high-energy end of the afterglow emission. Both the single-zone pair transparency constraint for the prompt signal and the spectral and temporal analysis of the forward-shock afterglow emission independently lead to an estimate of the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet Gamma similar to 500-550. C1 [Ackermann, M.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bottacini, E.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ajello, M.; Blandford, R. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Bottacini, E.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Waite, A. P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Asano, K.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Interact Res Ctr Sci, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Pivato, G.; Rando, R.; Romoli, C.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; D'Ammando, F.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.] IEEE CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Chaves, R. C. G.; Grenier, I. A.; Naumann-Godo, M.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chekhtman, A.; Razzaque, S.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ciprini, S.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Mehault, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Larsson, S.; Moretti, E.; Nymark, T.; Ryde, F.; Yang, Z.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Perkins, J. S.; Racusin, J. L.; Sonbas, E.; Stamatikos, M.; Troja, E.; Ukwatta, T. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Granot, J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Greiner, J.; Gruber, D.; Foley, S.; McBreen, S.; Rau, A.; von Kienlin, A.; Kann, D. A.; Filgas, R.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Guiriec, S.; Bhat, P. N.; Briggs, M. S.; Burgess, J. M.; Connaughton, V.; Paciesas, W. S.; Pelassa, V.; Preece, R.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hayashida, M.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Hughes, R. E.; Stamatikos, M.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, M. S.; Moretti, E.; Nymark, T.; Ryde, F.] AlbaNova, Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Knoedlseder, J.] IRAP, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, GAHEC, Toulouse, France. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Meszaros, P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Norris, J. P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Phys, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Ohno, M.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Razzano, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Razzano, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Bissaldi, E.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Bissaldi, E.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sanchez, D. A.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Sonbas, E.] Adiyaman Univ, Dept Phys, TR-02040 Adiyaman, Turkey. [Sonbas, E.] USRA, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Foley, S.; McBreen, S.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kouveliotou, C.; van der Horst, A. J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [McGlynn, S.; Kann, D. A.] Tech Univ Munich, Exzellenzcluster Universe, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kann, D. A.; Klose, S.] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. [Filgas, R.] Czech Tech Univ, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, Prague 12800, Czech Republic. [Kruhler, T.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Fukui, A.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Sako, T.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Tristram, P. J.] Victoria Univ Wellington, SCPS, Wellington Nz, New Zealand. [Oates, S. R.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Ukwatta, T. N.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Littlejohns, O.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM johan.bregeon@pi.infn.it; kocevski@slac.stanford.edu; srazzaque@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; eleonora.troja@nasa.gov; dgruber@mpe.mpg.de RI Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016 OI Moretti, Elena/0000-0001-5477-9097; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Kruehler, Thomas/0000-0002-8682-2384; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Burgess, James/0000-0003-3345-9515; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; McBreen, Sheila/0000-0002-1477-618X; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106 FU K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; UK Space Agency; DFG [HA 1850/28-1, Kl 766/16-1]; European Commission under the Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship Programme; MPE; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan FX Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, funded by a grant from the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation.; We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of dozens of members of the Swift team at OAB, PSU, UL, GSFC, ASDC, and MSSL and our subcontractors, who helped make these instruments possible. This work made use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester. S.R.O. acknowledges support from the UK Space Agency.; Part of the funding for GROND (both hardware and personnel) was generously granted from the Leibniz-Prize to Professor G. Hasinger (DFG grant HA 1850/28-1). T. K. acknowledges support by the European Commission under the Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship Programme. D. A. K. and S. K. acknowledge support by grant DFG Kl 766/16-1. D. A. K. is grateful for travel funding support through the MPE.; We acknowledge the MOA collaboration to permit target of opportunity observations for GRB afterglow. We also acknowledge the University of Canterbury for allowing MOA to use the B&C telescope. This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. NR 99 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 30 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 763 IS 2 AR 71 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/763/2/71 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 075FR UT WOS:000313869800002 ER PT J AU Finke, JD AF Finke, Justin D. TI COMPTON DOMINANCE AND THE BLAZAR SEQUENCE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: general; galaxies: active; gamma rays: galaxies; quasars: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; X-RAY-EMISSION; I RADIO GALAXIES; GAMMA-RAY; RELATIVISTIC JET; TEV BLAZARS; BEPPOSAX OBSERVATIONS AB Does the "blazar sequence" exist, or is it a result of a selection effect, due to the difficulty in measuring the redshifts of blazars with both high synchrotron peak frequencies (greater than or similar to 10(15) Hz) and luminosities (greater than or similar to 10(46) erg s(-1))? We explore this question with a sample of blazars from the second catalog of active galactic nuclei from the Fermi Large Area Telescope. The Compton dominance, the ratio of the peak of the Compton to the synchrotron peak luminosities, is essentially a redshift-independent quantity and thus crucial to answering this question. We find that a correlation exists between Compton dominance and the peak frequency of the synchrotron component for all blazars in the sample, including ones with unknown redshift. We then construct a simple model to explain the blazar properties in our sample, where the difference between sources is due to only the magnetic field of the blazar jet emitting region, the external radiation field energy density, and the jet angle to the line of sight, with the magnetic field strength and external energy density being correlated. This model can reproduce the trends of the blazars in the sample and predicts that blazars may be discovered in the future with high synchrotron peak frequencies and luminosities. At the same time the simple model reproduces the lack of high-synchrotron-peaked blazars with high Compton dominances (greater than or similar to 1). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Finke, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.finke@nrl.navy.mil FU Fermi GI Grant [NNH09ZDA001N] FX We are grateful to C. D. Dermer, M. Georganopoulos, M. Lister, and K. Wood for useful discussions on the blazar sequence; to C. D. Dermer and A. Wehrle, who gave helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript; to M. Hayashida for the SED of 3C 279; and to the anonymous referee for very useful comments. This work was partially supported by Fermi GI Grant NNH09ZDA001N. NR 76 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 763 IS 2 AR 134 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/763/2/134 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 075FR UT WOS:000313869800065 ER PT J AU Manoj, P Watson, DM Neufeld, DA Megeath, ST Vavrek, R Yu, V Visser, R Bergin, EA Fischer, WJ Tobin, JJ Stutz, AM Ali, B Wilson, TL Di Francesco, J Osorio, M Maret, S Poteet, CA AF Manoj, P. Watson, D. M. Neufeld, D. A. Megeath, S. T. Vavrek, R. Yu, Vincent Visser, R. Bergin, E. A. Fischer, W. J. Tobin, J. J. Stutz, A. M. Ali, B. Wilson, T. L. Di Francesco, J. Osorio, M. Maret, S. Poteet, C. A. TI HERSCHEL/PACS SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF PROTOSTARS IN ORION: THE ORIGIN OF FAR-INFRARED CO EMISSION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; ISM: jets and outflows; molecular processes; stars: formation; techniques: spectroscopic ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LOW-MASS PROTOSTARS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SHOCK-WAVES; BIPOLAR MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; STAR-FORMATION; LINE EMISSION; STATISTICAL-METHODS; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS AB We present far-infrared (57-196 mu m) spectra of 21 protostars in the Orion molecular clouds. These were obtained with the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on board the Herschel Space observatory as part of the Herschel Orion Protostar Survey program. We analyzed the emission lines from rotational transitions of CO, involving rotational quantum numbers in the range J(up) = 14-46, using PACS spectra extracted within a projected distance of less than or similar to 2000 AU centered on the protostar. The total luminosity of the CO lines observed with PACS (L-CO) is found to increase with increasing protostellar luminosity (L-bol). However, no significant correlation is found between L-CO and evolutionary indicators or envelope properties of the protostars such as bolometric temperature, T-bol, or envelope density. The CO rotational (excitation) temperature implied by the line ratios increases with increasing rotational quantum number J, and at least 3-4 rotational temperature components are required to fit the observed rotational diagram in the PACS wavelength range. The rotational temperature components are remarkably invariant between protostars and show no dependence on L-bol, T-bol, or envelope density, implying that if the emitting gas is in local thermodynamic equilibrium, the CO emission must arise in multiple temperature components that remain independent of L-bol over two orders of magnitudes. The observed CO emission can also be modeled as arising from a single-temperature gas component or from a medium with a power-law temperature distribution; both of these require sub-thermally excited molecular gas at low densities (n(H-2) less than or similar to 10(6) cm(-3)) and high temperatures (T greater than or similar to 2000 K). Our results suggest that the contribution from photodissociation regions, produced along the envelope cavity walls from UV-heating, is unlikely to be the dominant component of the CO emission observed with PACS. Instead, the "universality" of the rotational temperatures and the observed correlation between L-CO and L-bol can most easily be explained if the observed CO emission originates in shock-heated, hot (T greater than or similar to 2000 K), sub-thermally excited (n(H-2) less than or similar to 10(6) cm(-3)) molecular gas. Post-shock gas at these densities is more likely to be found within the outflow cavities along the molecular outflow or along the cavity walls at radii greater than or similar to several 100-1000 AU. C1 [Manoj, P.; Watson, D. M.; Yu, Vincent] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Neufeld, D. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Megeath, S. T.; Fischer, W. J.; Poteet, C. A.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Vavrek, R.] European Space Agcy, ESAC SRE OAH, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. [Visser, R.; Bergin, E. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Tobin, J. J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Stutz, A. M.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Stutz, A. M.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ali, B.] CALTECH, IPAC, NHSC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wilson, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Di Francesco, J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Natl Res Council Canada, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Osorio, M.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Maret, S.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, UMR 571, Lab Astrophys Grenoble,Observ Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble, France. RP Manoj, P (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM manoj@pas.rochester.edu OI Fischer, William J/0000-0002-3747-2496; Stutz, Amelia/0000-0003-2300-8200; Yu, Vincent/0000-0002-2802-6849; Maret, Sebastien/0000-0003-1104-4554 NR 89 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 763 IS 2 AR 83 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/763/2/83 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 075FR UT WOS:000313869800014 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Muglach, K AF Wang, Y. -M. Muglach, K. TI TRANSIENT BRIGHTENINGS ASSOCIATED WITH FLUX CANCELLATION ALONG A FILAMENT CHANNEL SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: chromosphere; Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: surface magnetism; Sun: UV radiation ID X-RAY JETS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ACTIVE-REGION; SOLAR PROMINENCES; EVOLUTION; RECONNECTION; ORIGIN; SITES; FLOWS; MODEL AB Filament channels coincide with large-scale polarity inversion lines of the photospheric magnetic field, where flux cancellation continually takes place. High-cadence Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) images recorded in He II 30.4 nm and Fe IX 17.1 nm during 2010 August 22 reveal numerous transient brightenings occurring along the edge of a filament channel within a decaying active region, where SDO line-of-sight magnetograms show strong opposite-polarity flux in close contact. The brightenings are elongated along the direction of the filament channel, with linear extents of several arcseconds, and typically last a few minutes; they sometimes have the form of multiple two-sided ejections with speeds on the order of 100 km s(-1). Remarkably, some of the brightenings rapidly develop into larger scale events, forming sheetlike structures that are eventually torn apart by the diverging flows in the filament channel and ejected in opposite directions. We interpret the brightenings as resulting from reconnections among filament-channel field lines having one footpoint located in the region of canceling flux. In some cases, the flow patterns that develop in the channel may bring successive horizontal loops together and cause a cascade to larger scales. C1 [Wang, Y. -M.] USN, Code 7682, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Muglach, K.] NASA, Code 674, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Muglach, K.] ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Code 7682, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yi.wang@nrl.navy.mil; karin.muglach@nasa.gov FU NASA; NSF; Office of Naval Research FX We thank S. F. Martin, N. Srivastava, and the referee for helpful comments. This work was supported by NASA, NSF, and the Office of Naval Research. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 763 IS 2 AR 97 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/763/2/97 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 075FR UT WOS:000313869800028 ER PT J AU Jung, W Brozena, J Peters, M AF Jung, W. Brozena, J. Peters, M. TI Predicting gravity and sediment thickness in Afghanistan SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Space geodetic surveys; Gravity anomalies and earth structure ID AIRBORNE GRAVITY; CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; BATHYMETRIC PREDICTION; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; FIELD MODEL; TERRAIN; GRAVIMETRY; SEA; GPS AB The US Naval Research Laboratory conducted comprehensive high-altitude (7 km above mean sea level) aero-geophysical surveys over Afghanistan in 2006 (Rampant Lion I). The surveys were done in collaboration with the US Geological Survey and upon the request of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ministry of Mines. In this study, we show that a best fitting admittance between topography and airborne gravity in western Afghanistan can be used to predict airborne gravity for the no-data area of eastern Afghanistan where the mountains are too high to conduct airborne surveys, due to the threat of ground fire. The differences between the airborne and the predicted gravity along a tie-track through the no-data area were found to be within +/- 12 mGal range with rms difference 7.3 mGal, while those between the predicted gravity from a simple Airy model (with compensation depth of 32 km and crustal density of 2.67 g cm(-3)) and the airborne gravity were within +/- 22 mGal range with rms difference 10.3 mGal. A combined airborne free-air anomaly has been constructed by merging the predicted gravity with the airborne data. We also demonstrate that sediment thickness can be estimated for basin areas where surface topography and airborne free-air anomaly profiles do not show a correlation presumably because of thick sediments. In order to estimate sediment thickness, we first determine a simple linear relationship from a scatter plot of the airborne gravity points and the interpolated Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) topography along the Rampant Lion I tracks, and computed corresponding quasi-topography tracks by multiplying the linear relationship with the airborne free-air anomalies. We then take the differences between the SRTM and quasi-topography as a first-order estimate of sediment thickness. A global gravity model (GOCO02S), upward continued to the same altitude (7 km above mean sea level) as the data collection, was compared with the low-pass filtered (with cutoff wavelength 132 km which is approximately equivalent to the reported safe degree and order 250 of GOCO02S at 34 boolean OR N) combined airborne free-air anomalies. The rms difference between the two data sets was 12.4 mGal. The observed admittance in the western Afghanistan mountains appears to be best fit to a theoretical elastic plate compensation model (with an effective elastic thickness of 5 km and crustal thickness of 22 km) where the ratio between surface load and subsurface load is equal. C1 [Jung, W.; Brozena, J.; Peters, M.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jung, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wooyeol.jung@nrl.navy.mil FU ONR [61153N] FX We thank the U. S. Navy's scientific development squadron VXS-1 and NRL staff, and USGS scientists who participated in the RAMPANT I survey. We thank David Ball for his expert help in processing the airborne gravity data. Comments and suggestions by Jerome Verdun, Peter Vogt, Bert Vermeersen (Editor) and an anonymous reviewer have improved this paper. We particularly acknowledge a valuable suggestion by Jerome Verdun to add another method to estimate sediment thickness. Figures were all drafted using GMT software (Wessel & Smith 1991). This work was supported by ONR core funding at NRL Battlespace Environments NS program (PE # 61153N). NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 192 IS 2 BP 586 EP 601 DI 10.1093/gji/ggs038 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 071VG UT WOS:000313623100009 ER PT J AU Chen, RC Wagner, K Blankenship, GL AF Chen, Richard C. Wagner, Kevin Blankenship, Gilmer L. TI Constrained Partially Observed Markov Decision Processes With Probabilistic Criteria for Adaptive Sequential Detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Dynamic programming; partially observed Markov decision process; probabilistic criteria; target confirmation ID TESTS AB Dynamic programming equations are derived which characterize the optimal value functions for a partially observed constrained Markov decision process problem with both total cost and probabilistic criteria. More specifically, the goal is to minimize an expected total cost subject to a constraint on the probability that another total cost exceeds a prescribed threshold. The Markov decision process is partially observed, but it is assumed that the constraint costs are available to the controller, i.e., they are fully observed. The problem is motivated by an adaptive sequential detection application. The application of the dynamic programming results to optimal adaptive truncated sequential detection is demonstrated using an example involving the optimization of a radar detection process. C1 [Chen, Richard C.; Wagner, Kevin] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Blankenship, Gilmer L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, RC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.chen@nrl.navy.mil; kevin.wagner@nrl.navy.mil; gilmer@eng.umd.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD FEB PY 2013 VL 58 IS 2 BP 487 EP 493 DI 10.1109/TAC.2012.2208312 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 079IF UT WOS:000314163100020 ER PT J AU Millett, PJ Schoenahl, JY Register, B Gaskill, TR van Deurzen, DFP Martetschlager, F AF Millett, Peter J. Schoenahl, Jean-Yves Register, Bradley Gaskill, Trevor R. van Deurzen, Derek. F. P. Martetschlaeger, Frank TI Reconstruction of posterior glenoid deficiency using distal tibial osteoarticular allograft SO KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Glenoid bone loss; Posterior shoulder instability; Bone deficiency; Allograft; Distal tibia ID BONE BLOCK PROCEDURE; SHOULDER INSTABILITY AB Posterior shoulder instability with glenoid deficiency is a rare entity and its surgical treatment is challenging. Reconstructive techniques have focused on extra-articular structural bone transfer that obstructs humeral translation and thereby prevents glenohumeral dislocation. However, long-term results are not as promising. In this report, the authors describe a technique for anatomic posterior glenoid reconstruction using an osteoarticular distal tibia allograft in two patients including their outcomes after 2 years. Level of evidence IV. C1 [Millett, Peter J.; Schoenahl, Jean-Yves; Martetschlaeger, Frank] Steadman Philippon Res Inst, Steadman Clin, Vail, CO 81657 USA. [Register, Bradley] Athens Orthoped Clin, Athens, GA 30606 USA. [Gaskill, Trevor R.] USN, Bone & Joints Sports Med Inst, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [van Deurzen, Derek. F. P.] OLVG, NL-1091 AC Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Martetschlaeger, Frank] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Orthopaed Sports Med, Univ Hosp Rechts Isar, D-81675 Munich, Germany. RP Millett, PJ (reprint author), Steadman Philippon Res Inst, Steadman Clin, 181 W Meadow Dr, Vail, CO 81657 USA. EM marilee.horan@sprivail.org NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0942-2056 J9 KNEE SURG SPORT TR A JI Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 21 IS 2 BP 445 EP 449 DI 10.1007/s00167-012-2254-5 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 074JU UT WOS:000313809600026 PM 23114865 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Fragiadakis, D Gamache, RM Casalini, R AF Roland, C. M. Fragiadakis, D. Gamache, R. M. Casalini, R. TI Factors influencing the ballistic impact resistance of elastomer-coated metal substrates SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE ballistic impact resistance; elastomer coatings; metal substrates; polyurea ID THIN POLYMER-FILMS; SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-ABSORPTION; GLASS-TRANSITION; POLYUREA; DYNAMICS; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE AB An experimental study was carried out of various factors affecting the ballistic penetration resistance of elastomer/steel bilayers. For blunt penetrators, the contribution of the coating to performance is optimized using the hardest substrates, front surface placement of the elastomer, and (when normalizing by added weight) thin, ca. 23?mm, coatings. These results, none of which are predicted by existing models, evince the marked coupling of coating and substrate in the impact response of the bilayer. We also show that nanoparticle fillers have a modest effect on ballistic performance of polyurea coatings, changing the penetration velocity by a few percent or less. This contrasts with the linear dynamic mechanical behavior, which shows much more significant increases in energy absorption due to nano-reinforcement. C1 [Roland, C. M.; Fragiadakis, D.; Casalini, R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gamache, R. M.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil RI Fragiadakis, Daniel/A-4510-2009 FU Office of Naval Research; [331] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, in part by Code 331. We thank C.B. Giller for the Brinell hardness measurements. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 93 IS 5 BP 468 EP 477 DI 10.1080/14786435.2012.722235 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 079JO UT WOS:000314166600003 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Pietrobon, R Taverniers, J Leon, MR Fern, BJ AF Taylor, Marcus K. Pietrobon, Ricardo Taverniers, John Leon, Matthew R. Fern, Benedict J. TI Relationships of hardiness to physical and mental health status in military men: a test of mediated effects SO JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Hardiness; Health; Mediated effects; Mental health; Physical health ID RESILIENCE INTERVENTION; PERSONALITY CONSTRUCT; PROTECTIVE FACTORS; COPING STRATEGIES; JOB-SATISFACTION; LIFE EVENTS; STRESS; ILLNESS; PREDICTORS; SUPPORT AB Evidence links the personality trait hardiness to both mental (MH) and physical health (PH) status, but few unifying models delineate interrelationships of these variables. The first purpose of this study was to examine the association of hardiness to MH and PH in military men. Second, we tested the hypothesis that MH would mediate the association of hardiness with PH. Identical measures were collected in two separate, demographically-similar samples (n = 65 and n = 55). All subjects completed a background questionnaire, the Dispositional Resilience Scale-15 and the Short Form 36 Medical Outcomes Survey. Associations between hardiness, PH and MH were examined using regression-based mediation analyses followed by the Sobel test of indirect effects. In the total sample, hardiness predicted PH in an initial regression model (beta = 0.37, p < .001). When MH was added to the model, however, PH's influence was substantially attenuated and no longer significant (beta = 0.06, p > .05). A Sobel test of significance confirmed a mediated effect (p < .001). Similar patterns were observed in each individual sample. Hardiness is associated with PH in military men, and this relationship is mediated by MH. C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.] USN, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Pietrobon, Ricardo] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Pietrobon, Ricardo] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Taverniers, John] Open Univ Netherlands, Fac Psychol, Heerlen, Netherlands. [Taverniers, John] Royal Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci, Brussels, Belgium. [Leon, Matthew R.; Fern, Benedict J.] USN, Operat Stress & Resilience Program, Aeromed Res Directorate, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), USN, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM marc.taylor@med.navy.mil NR 72 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0160-7715 J9 J BEHAV MED JI J. Behav. Med. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s10865-011-9387-8 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 068KT UT WOS:000313366300001 PM 22108762 ER PT J AU Ganesan, A Krantz, EM Hullsiek, KH Riddle, MS Weintrob, AC Lalani, T Okulicz, JF Landrum, M Agan, B Whitman, TJ Ross, MJ Crum-Cianflone, NF AF Ganesan, A. Krantz, E. M. Hullsiek, K. Huppler Riddle, M. S. Weintrob, A. C. Lalani, T. Okulicz, J. F. Landrum, M. Agan, B. Whitman, T. J. Ross, M. J. Crum-Cianflone, N. F. CA Infect Dis Clinical Res Program TI Determinants of incident chronic kidney disease and progression in a cohort of HIV-infected persons with unrestricted access to health care SO HIV MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE baseline CD4 count; ethnicity; highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV infection; kidney disease; socioeconomic status ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; NEPHROPATHY; SPECTRUM; RECOMMENDATIONS; ASSOCIATION; COMMUNITIES AB Objectives As socioeconomic factors may impact the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), we evaluated the incidence and risk factors of incident CKD among an HIV-infected cohort with universal access to health care and minimal injecting drug use (IDU). Methods Incident CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filteration rate (eGFR) <60?ml/min/1.73?m2 for =?90 days. eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Rates were calculated per 1000 person-years (PY). Associations with outcomes were assessed using two separate Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for baseline and time-updated covariates. Results Among 3360 participants [median age 29 years; 92% male; 44% African American (AA)] contributing 23?091 PY of follow-up, 116 developed incident CKD [5.0/1000 PY; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.26.0/1000 PY]. The median first eGFR value was 97.0?mL/min/1.73?m2 [interquartile range (IQR) 85.3110.1?mL/min/1.73?m2]. Baseline factors associated with CKD included older age, lower CD4 count at HIV diagnosis [compared with CD4 count =?500 cells/mu L, hazard ratio (HR) 2.1 (95% CI 1.23.8) for CD4 count 350499 cells/mu L; HR 3.6 (95% CI 2.06.3) for CD4 count 201349 cells/mu L; HR 4.3 (95% CI 2.09.4) for CD4 count =?200 cells/mu L], and HIV diagnosis in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. In the time-updated model, low nadir CD4 counts, diabetes, hepatitis B, hypertension and less HAART use were also associated with CKD. AA ethnicity was not associated with incident CKD in either model. Conclusions The low incidence of CKD and the lack of association with ethnicity observed in this study may in part be attributable to unique features of our cohort such as younger age, early HIV diagnosis, minimal IDU, and unrestricted access to care. Lower baseline CD4 counts were significantly associated with incident CKD, suggesting early HIV diagnosis and timely introduction of HAART may reduce the burden of CKD. C1 [Ganesan, A.; Krantz, E. M.; Hullsiek, K. Huppler; Weintrob, A. C.; Lalani, T.; Okulicz, J. F.; Landrum, M.; Agan, B.; Whitman, T. J.; Crum-Cianflone, N. F.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Ganesan, A.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Krantz, E. M.; Hullsiek, K. Huppler] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Weintrob, A. C.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Lalani, T.] USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Okulicz, J. F.; Landrum, M.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ross, M. J.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Crum-Cianflone, N. F.] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, N. F.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Ganesan, A (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM anuradha.ganesan@med.navy.mil OI Polis, Michael/0000-0002-9151-2268; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) programme executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences [IDCRP-015]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH) [Y1-AI-5072] FX We would like to thank the participants and their caregivers, without whom none of this work would be possible. We would also like to thank the research coordinators and support staff who have diligently worked on the Department of Defense HIV Natural History Study, as well as the members of the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program HIV Working Group, listed in the Appendix. Support for this work (IDCRP-015) was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) programme executed through the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. This project has been funded in whole, or in part, with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Inter-Agency Agreement Y1-AI-5072. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-2662 J9 HIV MED JI HIV Med. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2012.01036.x PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 063KV UT WOS:000312998300001 PM 22808988 ER PT J AU Sprouse, C Tosi, L Lipof, J Abdel-Ghani, M Clifford, H Norrell, K Leo, N Rentas, V Gordish-Dressman, H Devaney, J Kelly, K AF Sprouse, Courtney Tosi, Laura Lipof, Jason Abdel-Ghani, Mai Clifford, Hugo Norrell, Kirsten Leo, Nathanael Rentas, Victoria Gordish-Dressman, Heather Devaney, Joseph Kelly, Karen TI CKMM Polymorphism Is Associated with Physical Fitness Test Scores In Military Recruits SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY OCT 04-07, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Sprouse, Courtney; Tosi, Laura; Gordish-Dressman, Heather; Devaney, Joseph] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Lipof, Jason; Clifford, Hugo; Norrell, Kirsten; Leo, Nathanael] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Abdel-Ghani, Mai] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rentas, Victoria] Howard Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Kelly, Karen] Naval Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0884-0431 EI 1523-4681 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 28 SU 1 MA SA0194 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AB8JI UT WOS:000332035803107 ER PT J AU Aysun, U Brady, R Honig, A AF Aysun, Uluc Brady, Ryan Honig, Adam TI Financial frictions and the strength of monetary transmission SO JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MONEY AND FINANCE LA English DT Article DE Monetary transmission; Financial frictions; Bankruptcy costs AB This paper examines the effect of financial frictions on the strength of the monetary transmission mechanism. Credit channel theory implies that the transmission mechanism of monetary policy should be stronger in countries with high levels of financial frictions, all else equal. The intuition is that in these countries, external finance premiums are more sensitive to firms' financial leverage. By affecting asset prices, therefore, monetary policy has greater impact on external finance premiums and output. We test this theoretical prediction by estimating SVAR models on cross-country data to generate indicators for the strength of monetary transmission. We find a positive relationship between various measures of financial frictions and the strength of monetary transmission, supporting the predictions of credit channel theory. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Aysun, Uluc] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Brady, Ryan] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Honig, Adam] Amherst Coll, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. RP Aysun, U (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Coll Business Adm, Dept Econ, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM uaysun@bus.ucf.edu; ahonig@amherst.edu OI Aysun, Uluc/0000-0002-3136-2915 NR 57 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-5606 EI 1873-0639 J9 J INT MONEY FINANC JI J. Int. Money Finan. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 32 BP 1097 EP 1119 DI 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2012.09.003 PG 23 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA V38NL UT WOS:000209350000052 ER PT J AU Riley, MR Coats, T Haupt, K Jacobson, D AF Riley, Michael R. Coats, Tim Haupt, Kelly Jacobson, Donald TI Ride Severity Index: A Simplified Approach for Comparing Peak Acceleration Responses of High-Speed Craft SO JOURNAL OF SHIP PRODUCTION AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE seakeeping; wave impact; peak acceleration; planing craft AB This article presents a simplified approach to quantifying the comparison of acceleration responses of high-speed craft in rough seas. Statistical acceleration values, used to characterize craft seakeeping responses, including average of the highest one-third, one-tenth, and 1/100 th peak accelerations and the root mean square acceleration, are used to define the relative Ride Severity Index (RSI). The article first summarizes an unambiguous computational procedure for multiple investigators to calculate similar acceleration values. It then explains the theory and rational for relating statistical acceleration ratios to an indication of potential damage, whether resulting from cumulative wave impacts or single severe slam events, that can be used in comparative assessments of structural integrity, equipment susceptibility to malfunction, or personnel comfort and safety. Example ride severity comparison plots and computed values of RSI are presented to illustrate the simplicity of the approach and to demonstrate the ability to quantify what heretofore has relied primarily on the subjective experience of operators. C1 [Riley, Michael R.] Columbia Grp, Virginia Beach, VA 22312 USA. [Coats, Tim; Haupt, Kelly; Jacobson, Donald] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Combatant Craft Div, Virginia Beach, VA USA. RP Riley, MR (reprint author), Columbia Grp, Virginia Beach, VA 22312 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NAVAL ARCHITECTS MARINE ENGINEERS PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 2158-2866 EI 2158-2874 J9 J SHIP PROD DES JI J. Ship Prod. Des. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.5957/JSPD.29.1.120051 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA AW0CQ UT WOS:000345958300003 ER PT J AU Judge, CQ AF Judge, Carolyn Q. TI Comparisons Between Prediction and Experiment for Lift Force and Heel Moment for a Planing Hull SO JOURNAL OF SHIP PRODUCTION AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE planing hulls; hydrodynamics (general); model testing; dynamic stability ID STABILITY AB Even in calm water, high-speed vessels can display unstable behaviors such as chine walking, sudden large heel, and porpoising. Large heel results from the loss of transverse stability at high forward speed. When a planing craft begins to plane, the hydrodynamic lift forces raise the hull out of the water. The available righting moment resulting from the hydrostatic buoyancy is, therefore, reduced. As the righting moment resulting from hydrostatic buoyancy is reduced, the righting moment resulting from dynamic effects becomes important. These hydrodynamic righting effects are related to the hydrodynamic lift. This article explores the relationship between the hydrostatic lift and righting moment, the hydrodynamic lift and righting moment, and the total lift and heel-restoring moment of a planing craft operating at planing speeds. A series of tow tests using a prismatic hull with a constant deadrise of 20 degrees measured the lift force and righting moment at various angles of heel and at various model velocities. The model was completely constrained in surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch, and yaw. The underwater volume is determined from the known hull configuration and the underwater photography of the keel and chine wetted lengths. The results presented include the total lift and righting moment with the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic contributions for various model speeds at two model displacements. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Judge, CQ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N0001411WX21106] FX I acknowledge the work of William Beaver and Dan Rhodes, of the Hydromechanics Laboratory at the U.S. Naval Academy, who put considerable effort and talent into construction of the Forced Roll Mechanism and data collection for this project. The support of the Office of Naval Research is gratefully acknowledged through grant N0001411WX21106. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NAVAL ARCHITECTS MARINE ENGINEERS PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 2158-2866 EI 2158-2874 J9 J SHIP PROD DES JI J. Ship Prod. Des. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.5957/JSPD.29.1.120040 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA AW0CQ UT WOS:000345958300004 ER PT J AU Jones, DE Jones, F Suttinger, L Toler, A Hammond, P Medina, S AF Jones, David E. Jones, Franca Suttinger, Laura Toler, Ayessa Hammond, Patricia Medina, Steven TI Placement of Combat Stress Teams in Afghanistan: Reducing Barriers to Care SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material AB This article describes the medical planning process whereby combat stress and mental health clinicians were placed at Forward Operating Bases in southern and western Afghanistan during a period of intensive surge operations in 2009-2010. The distribution plan for the Combat Stress Control teams was based on previously published guidance on ratios of combat stress personnel to troop end-strength, population at-risk data, and kinetic activity associated with current and future combat operations. The article concludes with outcome data that validates the distribution decisions made through the planning process. Through dissemination of this information, it is hoped that future planners and clinicians can improve the processes involved in providing combat stress and mental health services to forward-deployed troops. C1 [Jones, David E.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Jones, Franca] Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Suttinger, Laura] 467th Med Detachment Combat Stress Control, Madison, WI 53715 USA. [Toler, Ayessa] CNO OPNAV, Med Resources Plans & Policy Div N931, Washington, DC 20350 USA. [Hammond, Patricia] US Army John F Kennedy Special Warfare Ctr & Sch, ATTN AOJK GRP, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. [Medina, Steven] NAS JRB, RC Fleet Hosp 15, Ft Worth, TX 76127 USA. RP Jones, DE (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 178 IS 2 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00163 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7TW UT WOS:000340804900003 PM 23495454 ER PT J AU Johannsen, DA Solka, JL AF Johannsen, David A. Solka, Jeffrey L. TI Embedding in space forms SO JOURNAL OF MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Metric MDS; Space form; Surface; Steepest descent minimization AB The goal of this paper is to give explicit procedures and equations for performing metric multidimensional scaling to surfaces. More specifically, we describe a method for determining a configuration of points in a closed and orientable surface (i.e., the MDS space) for which the interpoint distances closely approximate a given set of dissimilarities. More generally, these constant sectional curvature surfaces are examples of space forms (spaces which are quotients of Euclidean, spherical, or hyperbolic space by a subgroup of the isometry group of the space). We will cast our work in this language, thereby allowing the theory to easily be generalized to higher dimensions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Johannsen, David A.; Solka, Jeffrey L.] USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Johannsen, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code Q33,18444 Frontage Rd,Suite 327, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM david.johannsen@navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0047-259X J9 J MULTIVARIATE ANAL JI J. Multivar. Anal. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 114 BP 171 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.jmva.2012.06.002 PG 18 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 050FT UT WOS:000312039200012 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Hughes, JM Willauer, HD AF Mushrush, George W. Hughes, Janet M. Willauer, Heather D. TI Blends of Soybean Biodiesel with Petroleum Diesel: Advantages SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The use of bioderived materials both as fuels and/or as blending stocks becomes more attractive as the price of hydrocarbon transportation fuels continues to rise. Historically, many biomass and agricultural derived materials have been suggested. Middle distillate transportation fuels for military applications have more severe restrictions than for the regular commercial consumer. One of the most difficult requirements to meet is that of fuel storage stability. In the present research, Soygold, a soybean derived fuel, was added in concentrations of 10-20% to both stable and unstable petroleum middle distillate fuels. The addition of the soy liquid was shown by ASTM methods to enhance fuel combustion properties, greatly improve the stability of unstable fuels, and dramatically increase fuel lubricity. C1 [Mushrush, George W.; Willauer, Heather D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mushrush, George W.; Hughes, Janet M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Willauer, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6300-2,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heather.willauer@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research both directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN 30 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1764 EP 1768 DI 10.1021/ie302865x PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 083VB UT WOS:000314492200043 ER PT J AU Rong, CB Wang, DP Nguyen, VV Daniil, M Willard, MA Zhang, Y Kramer, MJ Liu, JP AF Rong, C. Bing Wang, Dapeng Vuong Van Nguyen Daniil, Maria Willard, Matthew A. Zhang, Ying Kramer, M. J. Liu, J. Ping TI Effect of selective Co addition on magnetic properties of Nd-2(FeCo)(14)B/alpha-Fe nanocomposite magnets SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS; INTERFACE STRUCTURE; ENERGY PRODUCT; SUBSTITUTION; ENHANCEMENT; SYSTEMS; ALLOYS; FE AB Nd2Fe14B/alpha-Fe-based hard/soft nanocomposite magnets with Co addition have been prepared by ball-milling and warm compaction. It was found that Co addition into the magnetically hard phase improves magnetic properties significantly, especially the remanence ratio and coercivity. The effect on the magnetic properties of the selective Co addition may be attributed to enhanced interdiffusion across the hard/soft interface that improves the interface conditions for effective interphase exchange coupling. By optimizing the Co content in the Nd15Fe79-xCoxB6 hard phase, an energy product value about 21 MG Oe can be obtained in the isotropic Nd-2(FeCo)(14)B/alpha-(FeCo) nanocomposite magnets compared with 15 MG Oe of Nd2Fe14B/alpha-Fe nanocomposite magnets prepared under the same conditions with the same grain size and microstructure, owing to the strengthened intergranular exchange interactions. C1 [Rong, C. Bing; Wang, Dapeng; Vuong Van Nguyen; Liu, J. Ping] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Daniil, Maria] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Willard, Matthew A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zhang, Ying; Kramer, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rong, CB (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, POB 19059, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM pliu@uta.edu RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 FU DARPA/ARO [W911NF-08-1-0249]; ARO [W911NF-11-1-0507.]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX This work has been supported in part by the DARPA/ARO under grant W911NF-08-1-0249 and ARO under grant W911NF-11-1-0507. The microscopy was performed at the Ames Laboratory, which is supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, under contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 43 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JAN 30 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 4 AR 045001 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/46/4/045001 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 071KL UT WOS:000313591300003 ER PT J AU Doctrow, BM Majumdar, A Schlessman, JL Garcia-MorenoE, B AF Doctrow, Brian M. Majumdar, Ananya Schlessman, Jamie L. Garcia-MorenoE, Bertrand TI Backbone Conformational Fluctuations as Determinants of pK(a) Values of Surface Residues in Proteins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 02-06, 2013 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Doctrow, Brian M.; Majumdar, Ananya; Garcia-MorenoE, Bertrand] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Schlessman, Jamie L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 29 PY 2013 VL 104 IS 2 SU 1 BP 72A EP 72A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 105MI UT WOS:000316074300370 ER PT J AU Caro, JA Dellarole, M Schlessman, JL Roumestand, C Royer, CA Garcia-Moreno, B AF Caro, Jose A. Dellarole, Mariano Schlessman, Jamie L. Roumestand, Christian Royer, Catherine A. Garcia-Moreno E, Bertrand TI Internal Cavities and their Role as Determinants of Pressure Unfolding of Proteins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 02-06, 2013 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Caro, Jose A.; Garcia-Moreno E, Bertrand] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD USA. [Dellarole, Mariano; Roumestand, Christian; Royer, Catherine A.] CNRS, Ctr Biochim Struct, Montpellier, France. [Schlessman, Jamie L.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 29 PY 2013 VL 104 IS 2 SU 1 BP 397A EP 397A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 105MI UT WOS:000316074304019 ER PT J AU Wenke, BB Schlessman, JL Heroux, A Lecomte, JTJ AF Wenke, Belinda B. Schlessman, Jamie L. Heroux, Annie Lecomte, Juliette T. J. TI Comparison of the Crystal and Solution Structures of a Cyanobacterial Hemoglobin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 02-06, 2013 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Wenke, Belinda B.; Lecomte, Juliette T. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Schlessman, Jamie L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Heroux, Annie] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 29 PY 2013 VL 104 IS 2 SU 1 BP 561A EP 561A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 105MI UT WOS:000316074305363 ER PT J AU Schlessman, JL Chimenti, MS Khangulov, VS Robinson, AC De Luca-Westrate, JN Riback, J Majumdar, A Fitch, CA Garcia-Moreno, B AF Schlessman, Jamie L. Chimenti, MIchael S. Khangulov, Victor S. Robinson, Aaron C. De Luca-Westrate, Javier N. Riback, Joshua Majumdar, Ananya Fitch, Carolyn A. Garcia-Moreno, Bertrand TI Structural Reorganization Triggered by the Ionization of Lys Residues buried in Hydrophobic Environments SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 02-06, 2013 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Schlessman, Jamie L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Chimenti, MIchael S.; Khangulov, Victor S.; Robinson, Aaron C.; Riback, Joshua; Majumdar, Ananya; Fitch, Carolyn A.; Garcia-Moreno, Bertrand] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [De Luca-Westrate, Javier N.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 29 PY 2013 VL 104 IS 2 SU 1 BP 564A EP 565A PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 105MI UT WOS:000316074305383 ER PT J AU Raphael, MP Christodoulides, JA Delehanty, JB Byers, JM AF Raphael, Marc P. Christodoulides, Joseph A. Delehanty, James B. Byers, Jeff M. TI The Application of Plasmonic Nanostructures for Quantitative Measurements of Cell Secretions SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 02-06, 2013 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Raphael, Marc P.; Christodoulides, Joseph A.; Delehanty, James B.; Byers, Jeff M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 29 PY 2013 VL 104 IS 2 SU 1 BP 675A EP 675A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 105MI UT WOS:000316074306413 ER PT J AU Kiser, J Finkel, P Gao, JQ Dolabdjian, C Li, JF Viehland, D AF Kiser, Jillian Finkel, Peter Gao, Junqi Dolabdjian, Christophe Li, Jiefang Viehland, D. TI Stress reconfigurable tunable magnetoelectric resonators as magnetic sensors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAMINATE COMPOSITES; MAGNETOSTRICTION AB We report a magnetoelastic effect in doubly clamped ferromagnetic magnetostrictive Metglas resonators with electrically and magnetically reconfigurable frequency response. The field-induced resonance frequency shift is due to magnetostrictive strain, which is shown to have a strong dependence on uniaxial stress. Here, we demonstrate that this magnetic field induced behavior can be used as the basis for a simple, tunable, magnetoelectric magnetic field sensor. The effect of tension on the field dependent magnetostrictive constant and the sensor sensitivity is examined, and the equivalent magnetic noise floor of such a sensor is estimated. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4789500] C1 [Kiser, Jillian; Finkel, Peter] USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Gao, Junqi; Li, Jiefang; Viehland, D.] Virginia Tech, Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dolabdjian, Christophe] Univ Caen Basse Normandie, ENSICAEN, F-14032 Caen, France. [Dolabdjian, Christophe] CNRS, GREYC UMR6072, F-14032 Caen, France. RP Finkel, P (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM peter.finkel@navy.mil RI Gao, Junqi/F-2989-2012 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 91 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 4 AR 042909 DI 10.1063/1.4789500 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 086XS UT WOS:000314723600066 ER PT J AU Freund, HP Nguyen, DC Sprangle, PA van der Slot, PJM AF Freund, H. P. Nguyen, D. C. Sprangle, P. A. van der Slot, P. J. M. TI Three-dimensional, time-dependent simulation of a regenerative amplifier free-electron laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; COHERENT AB Free-electron lasers have been designed to operate over virtually the entire electromagnetic spectrum from microwaves through x rays and in a variety of configurations including amplifiers and oscillators. Oscillators typically operate in the low-gain regime where the full spectral width is (Delta omega/omega) approximate to 1/N-w and the efficiency eta approximate to 1/(2.4N(w)). Further, since a low-gain oscillator saturates when the gain compensates for losses in the resonator G = L/(1 - L), this implies that the losses must be relatively small and the cavity Q must be relatively large. This imposes problems for high power oscillators because the high Q can result in mirror loading above the damage threshold, and in short-wavelength oscillators because sufficiently low loss resonators may not be possible at x-ray wavelengths. In contrast, regenerative amplifier FELs (RAFELs) employ high-gain wigglers that reach exponential gain and can operate with high loss (i.e., low Q) resonators. As such, RAFELs may be able to function at either high power levels or short wavelengths. In this paper, we describe a three-dimensional, time-dependent simulation of a RAFEL operating at a 2.2-mu m wavelength, and show that its behavior differs substantially from that of low-gain oscillators, and is closer to that of self-amplified spontaneous radiation FELs in regard to spectral linewidth and extraction efficiency. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.16.010707 C1 [Freund, H. P.; Nguyen, D. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sprangle, P. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [van der Slot, P. J. M.] Univ Twente, MESA Inst Nanotechnol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [van der Slot, P. J. M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Freund, HP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Nguyen, Dinh/0000-0001-8017-6599 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JAN 28 PY 2013 VL 16 IS 1 AR 010707 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.16.010707 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 078KU UT WOS:000314098500002 ER PT J AU Albers, JR McCormack, JP Nathan, TR AF Albers, John R. McCormack, John P. Nathan, Terrence R. TI Stratospheric ozone and the morphology of the northern hemisphere planetary waveguide SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOREAL WINTER MONTHS; 11-YEAR SOLAR-CYCLE; SUDDEN WARMINGS; ZONAL FLOW; TROPOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; MODEL; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; QBO AB A middle atmosphere general circulation model is used to examine the effects of zonally asymmetric ozone (ZAO) on the Northern Hemisphere planetary waveguide (PWG) during winter (December-February). The morphology of the PWG is measured by a refractive index, Eliassen-Palm flux vectors, the latitude of the subtropical zero wind line, and the latitude of the subtropical jet. ZAO causes the PWG to contract meridionally in the upper stratosphere, expand meridionally in the lower stratosphere, and expand vertically in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The ZAO-induced changes in the PWG are the result of increased upward and poleward flux of planetary wave activity into the extratropical stratosphere and lower mesosphere. These changes cause an increase in the Eliassen-Palm flux convergence at high latitudes, which produces a warmer and weaker stratospheric polar vortex and an increase in the frequency of stratospheric sudden warmings. The ability of ZAO to alter the flux of planetary wave activity into the polar vortex has important implications for accurately modeling wave-modulated and wave-driven phenomena in the middle atmosphere, including the 11-year solar cycle, stratospheric sudden warmings, and the phase of the Northern Hemisphere annular mode. Citation: Albers, J. R., J. P. McCormack, and T. R. Nathan (2013), Stratospheric ozone and the morphology of the northern hemisphere planetary waveguide, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 563-576, doi:10.1029/2012JD017937. C1 [Albers, John R.; Nathan, Terrence R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources Atmospher Sci Pro, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McCormack, John P.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Albers, JR (reprint author), Dept Land Air & Water Resources Atmospher Sci Pro, Davis, CA USA. EM albersjohn@hotmail.com OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 FU NSF [ATM-0733698]; NASA/NRL [NNH08AI67I]; Office of Naval Research; NASA [NNH08AI67I] FX We thank Dr. Nili Harnik and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. JRA and TRN were supported in part by NSF grant ATM-0733698 and by NASA/NRL grant NNH08AI67I. JPM was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research and in part by NASA Heliophysics Living with a Star TR&T Program award NNH08AI67I. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 2 BP 563 EP 576 DI 10.1029/2012JD017937 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129KN UT WOS:000317838100023 ER PT J AU Kaplan, ML Vellore, RK Lewis, JM Underwood, SJ Pauley, PM Martin, JE Krishnan, R AF Kaplan, Michael L. Vellore, Ramesh K. Lewis, John M. Underwood, S. Jeffrey Pauley, Patricia M. Martin, Jonathan E. Krishnan, R. TI Re-examination of the I-5 dust storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PART I; MODEL; IMPLEMENTATION; SENSITIVITY; ENVIRONMENT; ADJUSTMENT; SYSTEM; SCHEME; WAVE AB The infamous dust storm over the thanksgiving holiday of 1991 that led to loss of life from numerous automobile accidents on Interstate 5 (I-5) has been re-examined. Pauley et al. (1996) conducted an earlier investigation of this dust storm following the tenets of Danielsen's paradigm-a paradigm that links the tropopause fold phenomenon and a balanced thermally indirect circulation about the upper level jet stream. However, a cursory examination of mesoscale structures in the storm from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) indicated evidence of a low-level unbalanced thermally direct circulation that demanded further investigation using a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulation. Principal results from the present study follow: (1) Although the model simulation showed evidence of a weak indirect circulation in the upper troposphere in support of the Danielsen's paradigm, the dynamic control of the storm stemmed from the lower tropospheric mesoscale response to geostrophic imbalance. (2) A lower tropospheric direct circulation led to mass/temperature adjustments that were confirmed by upper air observations at locations in proximity to the accident site, and (3) boundary layer deepening and destabilization due to these mesoscale processes pinpointed the timing and location of the dust storm. Although the present study does not underestimate the value of analyses that focus on the larger/synoptic scales of motion, it does bring to light the value of investigation that makes use of the mesoscale resources in order to clarify synoptic-mesoscale interactions. C1 [Kaplan, Michael L.; Lewis, John M.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Vellore, Ramesh K.; Krishnan, R.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Ctr Climate Change Res, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Lewis, John M.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Underwood, S. Jeffrey] Georgia So Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Pauley, Patricia M.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Martin, Jonathan E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. RP Kaplan, ML (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM Mike.Kaplan@dri.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 2 BP 627 EP 642 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50131 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129KN UT WOS:000317838100028 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Gomez, RM Neal, H Lambert, A Hurst, D Boone, C Stiller, G AF Nedoluha, Gerald E. Gomez, R. Michael Neal, Helen Lambert, Alyn Hurst, Dale Boone, Chris Stiller, Gabriele TI Validation of long-term measurements of water vapor from the midstratosphere to the mesosphere at two Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change sites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; TEMPERATURE; MIPAS; SPECTROMETER; RADIOMETER; RETRIEVAL; CH4 AB We present measurements from the Water Vapor Millimeter-wave Spectrometer (WVMS) instruments at Table Mountain, California (34.4 degrees N, 242.3 degrees E), and Mauna Loa, Hawaii (19.5 degrees N, 204.4 degrees E), and highlight the extended altitude range of the measurements at these sites, which now provide measurements down to 26 km. We show that this extended altitude range has been acquired without disturbing the existing long-term WVMS data set at Mauna Loa. Validation of the successful transition is provided by comparing WVMS measurements with coincident satellite measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment, and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding. At the lowest altitudes where WVMS measurements are possible, we also compare with frost-point hygrometer balloon measurements. The water vapor mixing ratios measured at 50 km over Mauna Loa are the highest ever reported in the WVMS (since 1996) or MLS (since 2004) time series. Particularly encouraging for the new 26 km WVMS measurements is that they indicate an increase between 2010 and 2011 that is comparable to that observed by other instruments. This shows that these measurements are sensitive to variations at this altitude and that the instrumental baseline remains stable. C1 [Nedoluha, Gerald E.; Gomez, R. Michael] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Neal, Helen] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. [Lambert, Alyn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Hurst, Dale] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Boone, Chris] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Stiller, Gabriele] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Nedoluha, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil RI Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016 OI Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322 FU German Research Foundation (DFG) [STI 210/9-1]; NASA; Naval Research Laboratory FX We thank S. McDermid, D. Walsh, and T. LeBlanc at Table Mountain for their technical assistance. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The provision of MIPAS spectral data by ESA is gratefully acknowledged. Work at KIT was partly supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant STI 210/9-1 (SHARP-WV). This project was funded by NASA under the Upper Atmosphere Research Program and by the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 2 BP 934 EP 942 DI 10.1029/2012JD018900 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129KN UT WOS:000317838100050 ER PT J AU Dzebisashvili, N Massie, AB Lentine, KL Schnitzler, MA Segev, D Tuttle-Newhall, J Gentry, S Freeman, R Axelrod, DA AF Dzebisashvili, Nino Massie, Allan B. Lentine, Krista L. Schnitzler, Mark A. Segev, Dorry Tuttle-Newhall, Janet Gentry, Sommer Freeman, Richard Axelrod, David A. TI Following the Organ Supply: Assessing the Benefit of Inter-DSA Travel in Liver Transplantation SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE Healthcare disparities; Allocation policy; Geographic variation; Liver transplantation; Socioeconomic status; MELD ID DISPARITIES GEOCODING PROJECT; DONOR RISK INDEX; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; INEQUALITIES; DISEASE; MODEL; US; ALLOCATION; KIDNEY; MELD AB Background. Disparity in access to liver transplantation (LT) in the United States persists despite directives from the federal government to reduce geographic variation. We assessed the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) and traveling to alternative donation service areas (DSAs) on patient survival. Methods. A prospective cohort study integrating transplant registry and U. S. Census data was analyzed using multivariate linear Cox proportional hazards models. A separate matched-pairs analysis was used to assess the benefit of traveling on patient survival and transplantation rate. Results. High SES is associated with increased access to LT (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.01-1.08) and reduced mortality after waitlisting (aHR [95% CI], 0.88 [0.85-0.93]). Increased access is mediated, in part, through inter-DSA travel. Travel was associated with high SES, white race, blood group O, private insurance, and residence in regions 1, 5, and 11. Transplant candidates in the highest SES quartile were approximately 70% more likely to travel (aHR [95% CI], 1.67 [1.43-1.97]) than those in the lowest SES quartile. Compared with matched control patients, travelers were 74% more likely to be transplanted (aHR [95% CI], 1.74 [1.56-1.94]) and 20% less likely to die after listing (aHR [95% CI], 0.79 [0.69-0.92]). Conclusion. High SES and inter-DSA travel are strongly associated with increased LT access and reduced mortality. Travelers are more likely to be sociodemographically advantaged and privately insured and to live in regions with reduced access to deceased-donor organs. C1 [Dzebisashvili, Nino; Lentine, Krista L.; Schnitzler, Mark A.] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Outcomes Res, St Louis, MO USA. [Massie, Allan B.; Segev, Dorry] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Tuttle-Newhall, Janet] St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, St Louis, MO USA. [Gentry, Sommer] USN Acad, Baltimore, MD USA. [Freeman, Richard; Axelrod, David A.] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Axelrod, DA (reprint author), Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 1 Med Ctr Dr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM David.Axelrod@hitchcock.org OI Gentry, Sommer/0000-0003-4530-8917 FU National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases [RC1 1RC1DK086450-01, K08DK073036]; Hitchcock Foundation FX This work was supported by an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant from the National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases (RC1 1RC1DK086450-01). D. A. A. was supported by a grant from the Hitchcock Foundation. K. L. L. received career development support from the National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant K08DK073036). NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD JAN 27 PY 2013 VL 95 IS 2 BP 361 EP 371 DI 10.1097/TP.0b013e3182737cfb PG 11 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 073DB UT WOS:000313722500022 PM 23250334 ER PT J AU Zhang, GJ Cowled, C Shi, ZL Huang, ZY Bishop-Lilly, KA Fang, XD Wynne, JW Xiong, ZQ Baker, ML Zhao, W Tachedjian, M Zhu, YB Zhou, P Jiang, XT Ng, J Yang, L Wu, LJ Xiao, J Feng, Y Chen, YX Sun, XQ Zhang, Y Marsh, GA Crameri, G Broder, CC Frey, KG Wang, LF Wang, J AF Zhang, Guojie Cowled, Christopher Shi, Zhengli Huang, Zhiyong Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A. Fang, Xiaodong Wynne, James W. Xiong, Zhiqiang Baker, Michelle L. Zhao, Wei Tachedjian, Mary Zhu, Yabing Zhou, Peng Jiang, Xuanting Ng, Justin Yang, Lan Wu, Lijun Xiao, Jin Feng, Yue Chen, Yuanxin Sun, Xiaoqing Zhang, Yong Marsh, Glenn A. Crameri, Gary Broder, Christopher C. Frey, Kenneth G. Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, Jun TI Comparative Analysis of Bat Genomes Provides Insight into the Evolution of Flight and Immunity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DNA-DAMAGE; PHYLOGENY; ACTIVATION; PATHWAYS; VIRUSES; PROTEIN; STRESS; FAMILY; P53 AB Bats are the only mammals capable of sustained flight and are notorious reservoir hosts for some of the world's most highly pathogenic viruses, including Nipah, Hendra, Ebola, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). To identify genetic changes associated with the development of bat-specific traits, we performed whole-genome sequencing and comparative analyses of two distantly related species, fruit bat Pteropus alecto and insectivorous bat Myotis davidii. We discovered an unexpected concentration of positively selected genes in the DNA damage checkpoint and nuclear factor kappa B pathways that may be related to the origin of flight, as well as expansion and contraction of important gene families. Comparison of bat genomes with other mammalian species has provided new insights into bat biology and evolution. C1 [Zhang, Guojie; Huang, Zhiyong; Fang, Xiaodong; Xiong, Zhiqiang; Zhao, Wei; Zhu, Yabing; Jiang, Xuanting; Yang, Lan; Xiao, Jin; Feng, Yue; Chen, Yuanxin; Sun, Xiaoqing; Zhang, Yong; Wang, Jun] BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Guojie] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Ctr Social Evolut, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Cowled, Christopher; Wynne, James W.; Baker, Michelle L.; Tachedjian, Mary; Zhou, Peng; Ng, Justin; Marsh, Glenn A.; Crameri, Gary; Wang, Lin-Fa] CSIRO, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. [Shi, Zhengli; Zhou, Peng; Wu, Lijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Virol, State Key Lab Virol, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A.; Frey, Kenneth G.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A.; Frey, Kenneth G.] Henry M Jackson Fdn, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Broder, Christopher C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Wang, Lin-Fa] Duke Natl Univ Singapore Grad Med Sch, Program Emerging Infect Dis, Singapore 169857, Singapore. [Wang, Jun] Univ Copenhagen, Novo Nordisk Fdn Ctr Basic Metab Res, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Wang, Jun] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Zhang, GJ (reprint author), BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Peoples R China. EM zhanggj@genomics.org.cn; linfa.wang@csiro.au; wangj@genomics.org.cn RI Baker, Michelle/C-9694-2013; Marsh, Glenn/A-5418-2013; Cowled, Christopher/H-5308-2013; Crameri, Gary/H-8441-2013; Zhang, Guojie/B-6188-2014; Zhou, Peng/I-8578-2015; Wang, Jun/C-8434-2016; Wang, Jun/B-9503-2016 OI Marsh, Glenn/0000-0002-3469-1837; Cowled, Christopher/0000-0002-1969-9371; Zhang, Guojie/0000-0001-6860-1521; Zhou, Peng/0000-0003-1938-8255; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-8540-8931; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-2113-5874 FU China National Genebank at Shenzhen; CSIRO; Australian Research Council [FT110100234]; State Key Program for Basic Research [2011CB504701]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [81290341]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency of the USA FX We thank H. Field, C. Smith, and M. Yu for helping source genomic DNA; K. Itahana and J. J. Boomsma for constructive discussion; and M. Cowled for graphics assistance. We acknowledge financial support from the China National Genebank at Shenzhen, CSIRO (Office of the Chief Executive Science Leaders Award, Julius Award), The Australian Research Council (FT110100234), State Key Program for Basic Research (2011CB504701), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81290341), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency of the USA. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U. S. government. K. A. B.-L. and K. G. F. are contractors for the U. S. government. This work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17 U. S. C. 105 provides that "Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government." Title 17 U. S. C. 101 defines a U. S. government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U. S. government as part of that person's official duties. P. alecto and M. davidii genomes have been deposited at DNA Data Bank of Japan/European Molecular Biology Laboratory/GenBank under the accession nos. ALWS01000000 and ALWT01000000. Short-read data have been deposited into the Short Read Archive under accession nos. SRA056924 and SRA056925. Raw transcriptome data have been deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus as GSE39933. Tree files and alignments have been submitted to TreeBASE under Study Accession URL: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S13654. We also thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. Author contributions: J.W., L.-F.W., G.Z., C. C. B., and K. A. B.-L. conceived the study. M. T., M. L. B., G. A. M., G. C., L. W., and Z.S. prepared the samples. G.Z., Z. H., X. F., Z. X., W. Z., Y. Zhu, X.J., L. Y., J.X., Y. F., Y. C., X. S., Y. Zhang, K. G. F., K. A. B.-L., and J.W. performed genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation. G. Z. and J.W. supervised genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation. G. Z., C. C., Z. H., X. F., J.W. W., Z. X., J.N., W. Z., P. Z., Y. Zhu, M. T., and M. L. B. performed genome analyses. G. Z., Z. H., C. C., and J.W. W. carried out genetic analyses. G. Z., C. C., Z. H., X. F., P. Z., J.N., M. T., J.W. W., M. L. B., and L.-F.W. discussed the data. All authors contributed to data interpretation. C. C. and J.W. W. wrote the paper with significant contributions from G. Z., Z. H., P. Z., J.N., M. T., M. L. B., and L.-F.W. and input from all authors. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Requests for materials should be addressed to the authors for correspondence. NR 23 TC 135 Z9 143 U1 19 U2 267 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 25 PY 2013 VL 339 IS 6118 BP 456 EP 460 DI 10.1126/science.1230835 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 076MN UT WOS:000313960700046 PM 23258410 ER PT J AU Kutana, A Erwin, SC AF Kutana, Alex Erwin, Steven C. TI Nonpolar GaN films on high-index silicon: Lattice matching by design SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; SELECTIVE MOVPE; QUANTUM-WELLS; SEMIPOLAR GAN; GROWTH; SUBSTRATE AB We explore theoretically the possibility of growing GaN films in a nonpolar orientation on planar high-index Si(hhk) substrates. Candidate substrates were identified by requiring that they are well lattice matched, on a length scale of several unit cells, to GaN in the nonpolar m-plane orientation. These candidate orientations were then used to construct atomistic models of the GaN/Si(hhk) interface. Using density functional theory, we then computed the formation energies of these nonpolar interfaces and compared them to those of competing polar interfaces. We find that Si(112) and Si(113) offer potentially favorable substrates for the growth of nonpolar m-plane GaN. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.045314 C1 [Kutana, Alex; Erwin, Steven C.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kutana, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steve.erwin@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; ASEE program at NRL FX The authors thank Sergio Fernandez-Garrido for helpful and stimulating discussions and Noam Bernstein and Stephen Hellberg for a critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the ASEE program at NRL. Computations were performed at the DoD Major Shared Resource Center at AFRL and at the DoD HPCMP Open Research Systems. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 55 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 25 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 AR 045314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.045314 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 077HZ UT WOS:000314019800003 ER PT J AU Bertolo, L Ewing, CP Maue, A Poly, F Guerry, P Monteiro, MA AF Bertolo, Lisa Ewing, Cheryl P. Maue, Alexander Poly, Frederic Guerry, Patricia Monteiro, Mario A. TI The design of a capsule polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against Campylobacter jejuni serotype HS15 SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; Conjugate vaccine; Diarrheal vaccine; Capsule polysaccharide; 6-Deoxy-gulo-heptose ID CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; COLI; LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE; PATHOGENESIS; DIARRHEA; UPDATE; SUGARS AB Campylobacter jejuni infection is now the main cause of diarrhea-related illnesses in humans. An efficacious vaccine for the traveler and developing world market would be welcomed. We are engaged in the discovery and characterization of serotype-specific C. jejuni capsule polysaccharides (CPSs) to study their role in virulence and as protective vaccine antigens. Our prototype conjugate vaccine with serotype HS23 CPS (strain 81-176) has been shown to fully protect non-human primates against diarrhea inflicted by C. jejuni HS23, but ultimately, a useful CPS-based vaccine will have to be multivalent. To this end, we describe here the creation of a CPS-conjugate vaccine against C. jejuni serotype HS15. Structural analysis revealed that a repeating block consisting of L-alpha-arabinofuranose (Ara) and 6-deoxy-L-alpha-gulo-heptopyranose (6d-gulo-Hep) comprised the CPS of serotype HS15 type strain ATCC 43442 [-> 3)-alpha-L-Araf-(1 -> 3)-6d-L-alpha-gulo-Hepp(1 ->](n). Strategically, the non-reducing end of the CPS was activated and used in the attachment of CPS to CRM197 to yield a conjugate vaccine. A serological assessment of the CPSHS15-CRM197 conjugate with an anti-HS15 polyclonal antibody confirmed the conservation of antigenic epitopes, and subsequent inoculation of mice with CPSHS15-CRM197 revealed that this conjugate was indeed capable of raising anti-CPSHS15 antibodies. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bertolo, Lisa; Monteiro, Mario A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Chem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Ewing, Cheryl P.; Maue, Alexander; Poly, Frederic; Guerry, Patricia] USN, Dept Enter Dis, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Monteiro, MA (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Chem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM monteiro@uoguelph.ca FU NSERC; Navy Work Unit [6000.RAD1.DA3.A0308] FX Research at the University of Guelph was funded by NSERC. Work at NMRC was funded by Navy Work Unit 6000.RAD1.DA3.A0308. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. government. P.G. is an employee of the U.S. government and this work was prepared as part of her official duties. Title 17 USC 105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States government.' Title USC 101 defines a U.S. government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. government as part of that person's official duties. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JAN 25 PY 2013 VL 366 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2012.11.017 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 071CN UT WOS:000313563400007 PM 23261782 ER PT J AU Parks, AD Spence, SE AF Parks, A. D. Spence, S. E. TI Paradoxical behavior in a triple cascade of Mach-Zehnder interferometers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID WEAK-MEASUREMENT; COMPONENT; VALUES; SPIN AB A gedanken experiment is considered using a cascade of three Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). The first MZI in the cascade is used to judiciously prepare the pre-selected state of a single photon launched into one of its input ports and the third MZI in the cascade is used to judiciously prepare the post-selected state of the photon emerging from one of its output ports. Paradoxical behavior arises when a weak measurement of photon occupation number is independently performed along each of the two paths emerging from the first MZI's output ports, i.e., the pointer associated with the weak measurement along one path registers a large positive occupation number and that for the weak measurement along the other path registers a large negative occupation number. Although each of these measurements contradicts the fact that there is only one photon in the interferometer, quantum mechanics resolves this paradox in an interesting way by ensuring that the sum of these occupation numbers is always 1. C1 [Parks, A. D.; Spence, S. E.] USN, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Surface Warfare Ctr Dahlgren, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Parks, AD (reprint author), USN, Electromagnet & Sensor Syst Dept, Surface Warfare Ctr Dahlgren, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM allen.parks@navy.mil FU Naval Innovation in Science and Engineering program; Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division FX This research was supported by a grant from the Naval Innovation in Science and Engineering program sponsored by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD JAN 25 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 3 AR 035303 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/46/3/035303 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 059GZ UT WOS:000312693700011 ER PT J AU Schall, JD Harrison, JA AF Schall, J. David Harrison, Judith A. TI Reactive Bond-Order Potential for Si-, C-, and H-Containing Materials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; MICROWAVE PLASMA CVD; SILICON-CARBIDE; CARBON-FILMS; HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GROWTH-MECHANISM; TERSOFF-BRENNER AB A new bond-order potential for modeling systems containing silicon, carbon, and hydrogen, such as organosilicon molecules (CxSiyHz), solid silicon, solid carbon, and alloys of silicon and carbon, is presented. This reactive potential utilizes the formalism of the second-generation reactive empirical bond-order potential (REBO) [Brenner et al. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2002, 14, 783] for hydrocarbons and the REBO parameters for silicon [Schall, Gao, Harrison. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 77, 115209]. Modifications to the hydrocarbon REBO potential were made to improve the description of three-atom type systems. The widespread use of Brenner's REBO potential, its ability to model a wide range of hydrocarbon materials, and the existence of parameters for several atom types are some of the motivating factors for obtaining this Si-C-H (2B-SiCH) parametrization. The usefulness and flexibility of this potential is demonstrated by examining the properties of organosilicon molecules, the bulk, surface, and defect properties of SiC, and the properties of amorphous silicon carbide. C1 [Schall, J. David] Oakland Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. [Harrison, Judith A.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schall, JD (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. EM schall2@oakland.edu FU National Science Foundation [IAA 1129629, CMMI 1129630]; AFOSR [F1ATA00130G001]; Extreme Friction MURI [F1ATA09086G003]; United States Naval Academy Office of Research FX J.A.H. and J.D.S. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation grant numbers IAA 1129629 and CMMI 1129630. J.A.H. and J.D.S. acknowledge partial support from AFOSR grant number F1ATA00130G001 and as part of the Extreme Friction MURI (F1ATA09086G003). J.A.H. also acknowledges support from the United States Naval Academy Office of Research. The authors also thank Izabella Szulfarska for providing data shown in Figure 5 and Lars Pastewka for carefully reviewing the spline parameters and molecular energies. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 24 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 3 BP 1323 EP 1334 DI 10.1021/jp3074688 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 079XI UT WOS:000314205100013 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, PR Leinhos, HA Hellum, AM AF Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. Leinhos, Henry A. Hellum, Aren M. TI Handedness helps homing in swimming and flying animals SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNDERWATER VEHICLE; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; FISH; ASTYANAX; DYNAMICS; FLOWS; CILIA; MODEL; WINGS AB Swimming and flying animals rely on their ability to home on mobile targets. In some fish, physiological handedness and homing correlate, and dolphins exhibit handedness in their listening response. Here, we explore theoretically whether the actuators, sensors, and controllers in these animals follow similar laws of self-regulation, and how handedness affects homing. We find that the acoustic sensor (combined hydrophone-accelerometer) response maps are similar to fin force maps-modeled by Stuart-Landau oscillators-allowing localization by transitional vortex-propelled animals. The planar trajectories of bats in a room filled with obstacles are approximately reproduced by the states of a pair of strong and weak olivo-cerebellar oscillators. The stereoscopy of handedness reduces ambiguity near a mobile target, resulting in accelerated homing compared to even-handedness. Our results demonstrate how vortex-propelled animals may be localizing each other and circumventing obstacles in changing environments. Handedness could be useful in time-critical robot-assisted rescues in hazardous environments. C1 [Bandyopadhyay, Promode R.; Leinhos, Henry A.; Hellum, Aren M.] USN, Autonomous & Defens Syst Dept, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, PR (reprint author), USN, Autonomous & Defens Syst Dept, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM promode.bandyopadhya@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research, Biology-Inspired Autonomous Systems Program [ONR 341]; ASEE-ONR FX Support of this research came from the Office of Naval Research, Biology-Inspired Autonomous Systems Program (ONR 341) to PRB. AMH was supported by an ASEE-ONR Postdoctoral Fellowship. Helpful discussions with Prof. R. Llinas and Prof. J. Simmons are gratefully acknowledged. Prof. James Simmons is thanked for generously providing Fig. 5a. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 32 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JAN 24 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 1128 DI 10.1038/srep01128 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 081VM UT WOS:000314350500006 PM 23350035 ER PT J AU Feenstra, RM Srivastava, N Gao, Q Widom, M Diaconescu, B Ohta, T Kellogg, GL Robinson, JT Vlassiouk, IV AF Feenstra, R. M. Srivastava, N. Gao, Qin Widom, M. Diaconescu, Bogdan Ohta, Taisuke Kellogg, G. L. Robinson, J. T. Vlassiouk, I. V. TI Low-energy electron reflectivity from graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Low-energy reflectivity of electrons from single-and multilayer graphene is examined both theoretically and experimentally. A series of minima in the reflectivity over the energy range of 0-8 eV are found, with the number of minima depending on the number of graphene layers. Using first-principles computations, it is demonstrated that a freestanding n-layer graphene slab produces n - 1 reflectivity minima. This same result is also found experimentally for graphene supported on SiO2. For graphene bonded onto other substrates it is argued that a similar series of reflectivity minima is expected, although in certain cases an additional minimum occurs, at an energy that depends on the graphene-substrate separation and the effective potential in that space. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.041406 C1 [Feenstra, R. M.; Srivastava, N.; Gao, Qin; Widom, M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Diaconescu, Bogdan; Ohta, Taisuke; Kellogg, G. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Robinson, J. T.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vlassiouk, I. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Feenstra, RM (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010; Feenstra, Randall/P-2530-2014; Widom, Michael/P-2531-2014; Vlassiouk, Ivan/F-9587-2010 OI Feenstra, Randall/0000-0001-7120-5685; Widom, Michael/0000-0001-5972-5696; Vlassiouk, Ivan/0000-0002-5494-0386 FU National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research MURI program; Office of Naval Research; US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Science and Engineering; Sandia LDRD; US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; NRL's Nanoscience Institute FX Discussions with A. Locatelli, H. Petek, D. A. Stewart, and A. A. Zakharov are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation and by the Office of Naval Research MURI program. The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research and NRL's Nanoscience Institute. The work at Sandia National Laboratories was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Science and Engineering and by Sandia LDRD. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 54 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 24 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 AR 041406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.041406 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 076FQ UT WOS:000313942300001 ER PT J AU Hoffer, ME Balaban, C Slade, MD Tsao, JW Hoffer, B AF Hoffer, Michael E. Balaban, Carey Slade, Martin D. Tsao, Jack W. Hoffer, Barry TI Amelioration of Acute Sequelae of Blast Induced Mild Traumatic Brain Injury by N-Acetyl Cysteine: A Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; TYMPANIC MEMBRANE; RAT MODEL; NOISE; ACETYLCYSTEINE; EXPOSURE; RELIABILITY; MECHANISMS; INDUCTION; PRESSURE AB Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) secondary to blast exposure is the most common battlefield injury in Southwest Asia. There has been little prospective work in the combat setting to test the efficacy of new countermeasures. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) versus placebo on the symptoms associated with blast exposure mTBI in a combat setting. Methods: This study was a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled study that was conducted on active duty service members at a forward deployed field hospital in Iraq. All symptomatic U. S. service members who were exposed to significant ordnance blast and who met the criteria for mTBI were offered participation in the study and 81 individuals agreed to participate. Individuals underwent a baseline evaluation and then were randomly assigned to receive either N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or placebo for seven days. Each subject was re-evaluated at 3 and 7 days. Outcome measures were the presence of the following sequelae of mTBI: dizziness, hearing loss, headache, memory loss, sleep disturbances, and neurocognitive dysfunction. The resolution of these symptoms seven days after the blast exposure was the main outcome measure in this study. Logistic regression on the outcome of 'no day 7 symptoms' indicated that NAC treatment was significantly better than placebo (OR = 3.6, p = 0.006). Secondary analysis revealed subjects receiving NAC within 24 hours of blast had an 86% chance of symptom resolution with no reported side effects versus 42% for those seen early who received placebo. Conclusion: This study, conducted in an active theatre of war, demonstrates that NAC, a safe pharmaceutical countermeasure, has beneficial effects on the severity and resolution of sequelae of blast induced mTBI. This is the first demonstration of an effective short term countermeasure for mTBI. Further work on long term outcomes and the potential use of NAC in civilian mTBI is warranted. C1 [Hoffer, Michael E.] USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Balaban, Carey] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Otolaryngol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Balaban, Carey] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Neurobiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Balaban, Carey] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Balaban, Carey] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Bioengn, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Balaban, Carey; Slade, Martin D.] Yale Univ, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Tsao, Jack W.] USN, Bur Med & Surg, Wounded Ill & Injured Directorate M9, Washington, DC USA. [Hoffer, Barry] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Hoffer, ME (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM Michael.hoffer@med.navy.mil OI Balaban, Carey/0000-0002-3570-3844 FU Department of Defense FX Supported by the Department of Defense. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 23 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 AR e54163 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0054163 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 077IQ UT WOS:000314021500034 PM 23372680 ER PT J AU Peil, S Crane, S Hanssen, JL Swanson, TB Ekstrom, CR AF Peil, Steven Crane, Scott Hanssen, James L. Swanson, Thomas B. Ekstrom, Christopher R. TI Tests of local position invariance using continuously running atomic clocks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SPACE AB Tests of local position invariance (LPI) made by comparing the relative redshift of atomic clocks based on different atoms have been carried out for a variety of pairs of atomic species. In most cases, several absolute frequency measurements per year are used to look for an annual signal, resulting in tests that can span on order of a decade. By using the output of continuously running clocks, we carry out LPI tests with comparable or higher precision after less than 1.5 years. These include new measurements of the difference in redshift anomalies beta for hyperfine transitions in Rb-87 and Cs-133 and in H-1 and Cs-133 and a measurement comparing Rb-87 and H-1, resulting in a stringent limit on LPI, beta(Rb) - beta(H) = (-2.7 +/- 4.9) x 10(-7). The method of making these measurements for continuous clocks is discussed. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.010102 C1 [Peil, Steven; Crane, Scott; Hanssen, James L.; Swanson, Thomas B.; Ekstrom, Christopher R.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Peil, S (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM steven.peil@usno.navy.mil FU ONR; SPAWAR FX We are indebted to Paul Koppang for providing clock data and an understanding of the cesium ensemble, and we benefited from discussions with Demetrios Matsakis. Atomic fountain development at USNO has been funded by ONR and SPAWAR. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 22 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 1 AR 010102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.010102 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 076EI UT WOS:000313938900001 ER PT J AU Golubov, AA Mazin, II AF Golubov, A. A. Mazin, I. I. TI Designing phase-sensitive tests for Fe-based superconductors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PAIRING SYMMETRY; STATE AB We suggest experimental designs suitable to test pairing symmetry in multiband Fe-based superconductors. These designs are based on combinations of tunnel junctions and point contacts and should be accessible by existing sample fabrication techniques. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4788720] C1 [Golubov, A. A.] Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Technol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Golubov, A. A.] Univ Twente, MESA Inst Nanotechnol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Mazin, I. I.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Golubov, AA (reprint author), Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Technol, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 FU Dutch FOM; EU-Japan program "IRON SEA" FX We thank A. Brinkman, G. Pepe, and Y. Tanaka for useful discussions and acknowledge financial support from Dutch FOM and EU-Japan program "IRON SEA." We are also thankful to the anonymous referee who has provided us with a number of very useful comments. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 21 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 3 AR 032601 DI 10.1063/1.4788720 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 077MU UT WOS:000314032600061 ER PT J AU Vaxenburg, R Lifshitz, E Efros, A AF Vaxenburg, R. Lifshitz, E. Efros, Al L. TI Suppression of Auger-stimulated efficiency droop in nitride-based light emitting diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; RECOMBINATION AB We calculate the rate of nonradiative Auger recombination in InGaN/GaN quantum wells with rectangular and smooth confining potentials. The calculations show that the rate of Auger recombination in rectangular quantum wells is sufficiently high to explain the efficiency droop in nitride-based light emitting diodes (LEDs). This rate, however, can be reduced by softening of the confining potential and a three-fold suppression is demonstrated in the studied quantum wells. The suppression of the Auger recombination rate improves LED radiative efficiency and reduces the droop effect, as we show using the standard recombination (ABC) model. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4789364] C1 [Vaxenburg, R.; Lifshitz, E.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Schulich Fac Chem, Russell Berrie Nanotechnol Inst, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Vaxenburg, R.; Lifshitz, E.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Schulich Fac Chem, Inst Solid State, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Efros, Al L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vaxenburg, R (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Schulich Fac Chem, Russell Berrie Nanotechnol Inst, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RI Vaxenburg, Roman/P-8190-2016 FU USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation [2006-225]; US Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank A. Polkovnikov and C. Wetzel for valuable suggestions and comments. R. V. expresses his gratitude to Mr. Seymour Schulich for generous support. E. L. acknowledges support of USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation (Project # 2006-225). A. L. E. acknowledges support of the US Office of Naval Research. NR 35 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 99 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 21 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 3 AR 031120 DI 10.1063/1.4789364 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 077MU UT WOS:000314032600021 ER PT J AU Christophersen, M Fadeyev, V Phlips, BF Sadrozinski, HFW Parker, C Ely, S Wright, JG AF Christophersen, M. Fadeyev, V. Phlips, B. F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Parker, C. Ely, S. Wright, J. G. TI Alumina and silicon oxide/nitride sidewall passivation for P- and N-type sensors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE LHC; ATLAS; Radiation hardness; Slim edges AB Silicon detectors normally have an inactive region along the perimeter of the sensor. In this paper we describe a "scribe, cleave, and passivate" (SCP) technique for the fabrication of slim edges in a post processing with finished detectors. The scribing was done by laser-scribing and etching. After scribing and cleaving steps, the sidewalls are passivated with a dielectric. We present results for n- and p-type sensors with different sidewall passivations. The leakage current depends strongly on the type of sidewall passivation. An alumina passivation leads to very low leakage currents for p-type sensors because of a negative interface charge. For n-type sensors, a hydrogenated silicon nitride shows the lowest leakage currents. Furthermore, we applied the technique to large area n-type single-sided strip detectors (cleaving length up to 3.5 cm). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Christophersen, M.; Phlips, B. F.] USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fadeyev, V.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parker, C.; Ely, S.; Wright, J. G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Christophersen, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.christophersen@nrl.navy.mil RI Christophersen, Marc/B-6795-2008 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX We would like to thank the Institute for Nanoscience (NSI) at the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the NSI staff. This work has been performed within the framework of the CERN RD50 Collaboration. The work done at the NRL was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 21 PY 2013 VL 699 BP 14 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2012.04.077 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 060WO UT WOS:000312809200003 ER PT J AU Mied, RP Snow, CM Smith, GB Bachmann, CM Korwan, DR Fusina, RA Vermillion, MS Hagen, RA AF Mied, Richard P. Snow, Charlotte M. Smith, Geoffrey B. Bachmann, Charles M. Korwan, Daniel R. Fusina, Robert A. Vermillion, Michael S. Hagen, Rick A. TI Tidal constituents from remote sensing image sequences SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tidal constituents; tides; shorelines; coasts; digital elevation model; bathymetry ID WATERLINE EXTRACTION; MORPHODYNAMICS; DELTA; COASTLINES; SHORELINE; POSITIONS; AMERICA; BIGHT; SAR AB We address the problem of obtaining tidal constituents from a series of shoreline positions derived from time-sequential airborne imagery of the intertidal zone. A multi-sensor experiment (Bachmann et al., 2012) conducted at the Virginia Coast Reserve Long-Term Ecological Research (VCR LTER) site(1) supplied in-situ and airborne data. Hyperspectral and infrared shoreline imagery of the VCR LTER barrier islands, shallow lagoons, and mainland coastal areas as well as topographic LiDAR data were obtained from the same air platform over a nine-day period, and LiDAR and in-situ topographic beach surveys were used to specify the beach bathymetry and derive a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) over the primary area focused on in this paper at Wreck Island, VA. The DEM and shoreline positions are used to obtain a time sequence of tidal heights; these are found to be consistent with a time series from a GPS-equipped tide gage float anchored nearby. A least-squares fit of the five largest tidal constituents (M-2, N-2, S-2, O-1, K-1) to this one-week record indicates that the first three can be retrieved with only a +/- 15-20 % error, as determined by the one-year sea-surface height time series from a nearby NOAA Sea Surface Height (SSH) station at Wachapreague, VA. The broader question of how many images are needed to obtain tidal constituents from an annual record is also addressed. Using SSH values from a NOAA tide gage station as a surrogate for image-derived SSH values, we progressively decimate a yearlong tide record, calculating its tidal constituents at each level of decimation. We find that that only one image every ten days is needed to retrieve the five largest tidal constituents to within a 10% error. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mied, Richard P.; Snow, Charlotte M.; Smith, Geoffrey B.; Bachmann, Charles M.; Korwan, Daniel R.; Fusina, Robert A.; Vermillion, Michael S.; Hagen, Rick A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mied, RP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mied@nrl.navy.mil FU ONR [WU 72-6286] FX This research was conducted under the ONR-funded project, "Tidal constituents from remote sensing image sequences" (WU 72-6286). The authors are indebted to Dr. Jon Sellars (NOAA) for processing the sea-surface data from the GPS buoy. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN 20 PY 2013 VL 117 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2012.11.007 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 095GV UT WOS:000315323600015 ER PT J AU Zank, GP Heerikhuisen, J Wood, BE Pogorelov, NV Zirnstein, E McComas, DJ AF Zank, G. P. Heerikhuisen, J. Wood, B. E. Pogorelov, N. V. Zirnstein, E. McComas, D. J. TI HELIOSPHERIC STRUCTURE: THE BOW WAVE AND THE HYDROGEN WALL SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; ISM: magnetic fields; local interstellar matter; plasmas; shock waves; solar wind; Sun: heliosphere ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; LY-ALPHA ABSORPTION; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BOUNDARY-EXPLORER OBSERVATIONS; NONUNIFORM SOLAR-WIND; IBEX-LO OBSERVATIONS; TERMINATION SHOCK; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; 3-DIMENSIONAL FEATURES; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN AB Recent IBEX observations indicate that the local interstellar medium (LISM) flow speed is less than previously thought (23.2 km s(-1) rather than 26 km s(-1)). Reasonable LISM plasma parameters indicate that the LISM flow may be either marginally super-fast magnetosonic or sub-fast magnetosonic. This raises two challenging questions: (1) Can a LISM model that is barely super-fast or sub-fast magnetosonic account for Ly alpha observations that rely critically on the additional absorption provided by the hydrogen wall (H-wall)? and (2) If the LISM flow is weakly super-fast magnetosonic, does the transition assume the form of a traditional shock or does neutral hydrogen (H) mediate shock dissipation and hence structure through charge exchange? Both questions are addressed using three three-dimensional self-consistently coupled magnetohydrodynamic plasma-kinetic H models with different LISM magnetic field strengths (2, 3, and 4 mu G) as well as plasma and neutral H number densities. The 2 and 3 mu G models are fast magnetosonic far upwind of the heliopause whereas the 4 mu G model is fully subsonic. The 2 mu G model admits a broad (similar to 50-75 AU) bow-shock-like structure. The 3 mu G model has a smooth super-fast-sub-fast magnetosonic transition that resembles a very broad, similar to 200 AU thick, bow wave. A theoretical analysis shows that the transition from a super-fast to a sub-fast magnetosonic downstream state is due to the charge exchange of fast neutral H and hot neutral H created in the supersonic solar wind and hot inner heliosheath, respectively. For both the 2 mu G and the 3 mu G models, the super-fast magnetosonic LISM flow passes through a critical point located where the fast magnetosonic Mach number M = 1 and Q(e) = gamma/(gamma - 1)U Q(m), where Q(e) and Q(m) are the plasma energy and momentum source terms due to charge exchange, U is the LISM flow speed, and. is the plasma adiabatic index. Because the Mach number is only barely super-fast magnetosonic in the 3 mu G case, the hot and fast neutral H can completely mediate the transition and impose a charge exchange length scale on the structure, making the solar-wind-LISM interaction effectively bow-shock-free. The charge exchange of fast and hot heliospheric neutral H therefore provides a primary dissipation mechanism at the weak heliospheric bow shock, in some cases effectively creating a one-shock heliosphere (i.e., a heliospheric termination shock only). Both super-fast magnetosonic models produce a sizeable H-wall. We find that (1) a sub-fast magnetosonic LISM flow cannot model the observed Ly alpha absorption profiles along the four sightlines considered (alpha Cen, 36 Oph, DK UMa, and chi(1) Ori-upwind, sidewind, and downwind respectively); (2) both the super-fast magnetosonic models can account for the Ly alpha observations, with possibly the bow-shock-free 3 mu G model being slightly favored. Subject to further modeling and comparison against further lines of sight, we conclude with the tantalizing possibility that IBEX may have discovered a class of interstellar shocks mediated by neutral H. C1 [Zank, G. P.; Heerikhuisen, J.; Pogorelov, N. V.; Zirnstein, E.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Zank, G. P.; Heerikhuisen, J.; Pogorelov, N. V.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Wood, B. E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McComas, D. J.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [McComas, D. J.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Zank, GP (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. OI Heerikhuisen, Jacob/0000-0001-7867-3633 FU NASA [NNX08AJ33G, Subaward 37102-2, NNX09AG70G, NNX09AG63G, NNX09AJ79G, NNG05EC85C]; NSF [ATM-0904007]; NESSF [NNX11AP91H]; [A991132BT]; [NNX09AP74A]; [NNX10AE46G]; [NNX09AW45G]; [NNH09AM47I] FX We acknowledge the partial support of NASA grants NNX08AJ33G, Subaward 37102-2, NNX09AG70G, NNX09AG63G, NNX09AJ79G, NNG05EC85C, Subcontract A991132BT, NNX09AP74A, NNX10AE46G, NNX09AW45G, and NNH09AM47I, and NSF grant ATM-0904007. E.Z. acknowledges the support of an NESSF grant NNX11AP91H. This work was carried out as a part of the IBEX mission, which is part of NASA's Explorer Program. NR 78 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2013 VL 763 IS 1 AR 20 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/763/1/20 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 069SH UT WOS:000313456700020 ER PT J AU Ray, PS Ransom, SM Cheung, CC Giroletti, M Cognard, I Camilo, F Bhattacharyya, B Roy, J Romani, RW Ferrara, EC Guillemot, L Johnston, S Keith, M Kerr, M Kramer, M Pletsch, HJ Parkinson, PMS Wood, KS AF Ray, P. S. Ransom, S. M. Cheung, C. C. Giroletti, M. Cognard, I. Camilo, F. Bhattacharyya, B. Roy, J. Romani, R. W. Ferrara, E. C. Guillemot, L. Johnston, S. Keith, M. Kerr, M. Kramer, M. Pletsch, H. J. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Wood, K. S. TI RADIO DETECTION OF THE FERMI-LAT BLIND SEARCH MILLISECOND PULSAR J1311-3430 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pulsars: individual (PSR J1311-3430) ID X-RAY; BINARY AB We report the detection of radio emission from PSR J1311-3430, the first millisecond pulsar (MSP) discovered in a blind search of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray data. We detected radio pulsations at 2 GHz, visible for <10% of similar to 4.5 hr of observations using the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). Observations at 5 GHz with the GBT and at several lower frequencies with Parkes, Nancay, and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope resulted in non-detections. We also report the faint detection of a steep spectrum continuum radio source (0.1 mJy at 5 GHz) in interferometric imaging observations with the Jansky Very Large Array. These detections demonstrate that PSR J1311-3430 is not radio quiet and provide additional evidence that radio-quiet MSPs are rare. The radio dispersion measure of 37.8 pc cm(-3) provides a distance estimate of 1.4 kpc for the system, yielding a gamma-ray efficiency of 30%, typical of LAT-detected MSPs. We see apparent excess delay in the radio pulses as the pulsar appears from eclipse and we speculate on possible mechanisms for the non-detections of the pulse at other orbital phases and observing frequencies. C1 [Ray, P. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Cognard, I.] CNRS, LPCE, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.] Observ Paris, CNRS, Stn Radioastron Nancay, INSU, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Camilo, F.] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Bhattacharyya, B.] Interuniv Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. [Roy, J.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. [Romani, R. W.; Kerr, M.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Romani, R. W.; Kerr, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ferrara, E. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Guillemot, L.; Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Johnston, S.; Keith, M.] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Kramer, M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Pletsch, H. J.] Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Pletsch, H. J.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Ray, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Paul.Ray@nrl.navy.mil RI Saz Parkinson, Pablo Miguel/I-7980-2013; OI Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU Fermi Guest Observer Program; NRL; NASA [DPR S-15633-Y]; ASI-INAF [I/009/10/0] FX This work was partially supported by the Fermi Guest Observer Program, administered by NASA. The work of C. C. C. was completed while under contract with NRL and supported by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. M. G. acknowledges financial contribution from the agreement ASI-INAF I/009/10/0. We thank John Sarkissian for help with observations at Parkes. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2013 VL 763 IS 1 AR L13 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/763/1/L13 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 071CY UT WOS:000313564500013 ER PT J AU Ralston, ME Day, LT Slusher, TM Musa, NL Doss, HS AF Ralston, Mark E. Day, Louise T. Slusher, Tina M. Musa, Ndidiamaka L. Doss, Helen S. TI Global paediatric advanced life support: improving child survival in limited-resource settings SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID DENGUE-SHOCK-SYNDROME; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; EMERGENCY TRIAGE ASSESSMENT; POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE; CRITICALLY-ILL CHILDREN; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DEVELOPING-WORLD; CLINICAL SIGNS AB Nearly all global mortality in children younger than 5 years (99%) occurs in developing countries. The leading causes of mortality in children younger than 5 years worldwide, pneumonia and diarrhoeal illness, account for 1.396 and 0.801 million annual deaths, respectively. Although important advances in prevention are being made, advanced life support management in children in developing countries is often incomplete because of limited resources. Existing advanced life support management guidelines for children in limited-resource settings are mainly empirical, rather than evidence-based, written for the hospital setting, not standardised with a systematic approach to patient assessment and categorisation of illness, and taught in current paediatric advanced life support training courses from the perspective of full-resource settings. In this Review, we focus on extension of higher quality emergency and critical care services to children in developing countries. When integrated into existing primary care programmes, simple inexpensive advanced life support management can improve child survival worldwide. C1 [Ralston, Mark E.] Naval Hosp, Dept Pediat, Oak Harbor, WA 98278 USA. [Ralston, Mark E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Day, Louise T.] LAMB Hosp, Dept Pediat, Parbatipur 5250, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. [Slusher, Tina M.] Univ Minnesota, Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Ctr Global Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Musa, Ndidiamaka L.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pediat, Div Crit Care, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Doss, Helen S.] SIL Clin, Ukarumpa, Papua N Guinea. RP Ralston, ME (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Dept Pediat, Oak Harbor, WA 98278 USA. EM mark.ralston@med.navy.mil NR 116 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 19 PY 2013 VL 381 IS 9862 BP 256 EP 265 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 075LL UT WOS:000313887600037 PM 23332963 ER PT J AU Moody, G Singh, R Li, H Akimov, IA Bayer, M Reuter, D Wieck, AD Bracker, AS Gammon, D Cundiff, ST AF Moody, G. Singh, R. Li, H. Akimov, I. A. Bayer, M. Reuter, D. Wieck, A. D. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Cundiff, S. T. TI Influence of confinement on biexciton binding in semiconductor quantum dot ensembles measured with two-dimensional spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY AB The emission energy dependence of the biexciton binding energy is investigated in three semiconductor quantum dot (QD) systems that exhibit different quantum well -> QD confinement. Using two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy, we demonstrate that in strongly confining InAs QDs, the binding energy is independent of exciton emission energy and fluctuations in the ground state -> exciton transition energy are strongly correlated with those of the exciton -> biexciton. In contrast, the biexciton binding energy increases with emission energy in weakly confining interfacial GaAs QDs, and the level of correlation of exciton-biexciton broadening is reduced. A comparison with simulations reveals the significance of the strength and nature of confinement on Coulomb interactions responsible for biexciton renormalization. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.041304 C1 [Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Li, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Li, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Akimov, I. A.; Bayer, M.] Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Akimov, I. A.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Reuter, D.; Wieck, A. D.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Angew Festkorperphys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moody, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/C-5129-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483; Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, US Department of Energy; NSF; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft FX This work was financially supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, US Department of Energy, the NSF, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 18 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 AR 041304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.041304 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 073OD UT WOS:000313751500001 ER PT J AU Solenov, D Economou, SE Reinecke, TL AF Solenov, Dmitry Economou, Sophia E. Reinecke, T. L. TI Fast two-qubit gates for quantum computing in semiconductor quantum dots using a photonic microcavity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL CAVITY; SPINS; NANOCAVITY; SYSTEM AB Implementations for quantum computing require fast single- and multiqubit quantum gate operations. In the case of optically controlled quantum dot qubits, theoretical designs for long-range two-or multiqubit operations satisfying all the requirements in quantum computing are not yet available. We have developed a design for a fast, long-range two-qubit gate mediated by a photonic microcavity mode using excited states of the quantum-dot-cavity system that addresses these needs. This design does not require identical qubits, it is compatible with available optically induced single-qubit operations, and it advances opportunities for scalable architectures. We show that the gate fidelity can exceed 90% in experimentally accessible systems. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.035308 C1 [Solenov, Dmitry; Economou, Sophia E.; Reinecke, T. L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Solenov, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sophia.economou@nrl.navy.mil RI Solenov, Dmitry/H-6250-2012 FU NSA/LPS; ONR FX This work was supported in part by NSA/LPS and in part by ONR. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 17 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 AR 035308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.035308 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 073NR UT WOS:000313750200003 ER PT J AU Krall, J Huba, JD Joyce, G Hei, M AF Krall, J. Huba, J. D. Joyce, G. Hei, Matthew TI Simulation of the seeding of equatorial spread F by circular gravity waves SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TO-DAY VARIABILITY; IONOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; SHEAR AB The Naval Research Laboratory three-dimensional simulation code SAMI3/ESF is used to study the response of the postsunset ionosphere to circular gravity waves. We model the coupling of both circular (local) and plane wave (nonlocal) gravity waves to the bottomside F layer as a mechanism for triggering equatorial plasma bubbles. Results support the hypothesis that nonplane gravity waves can more strongly couple to the F layer than plane gravity waves. Results also show that the coupling of the seed wave to the F layer depends on the (nonlocal) growth rate and the local electron density at the position of the seed wave. Citation: Krall, J., J. D. Huba, G. Joyce, and M. Hei (2013), Simulation of the seeding of equatorial spread F by circular gravity waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1-5, doi: 10.1029/2012GL054022. C1 [Krall, J.; Huba, J. D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hei, Matthew] CNR, NRC Postdoc, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Krall, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.krall@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Funds; NASA FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Funds and NASA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1029/2012GL054022 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 129GF UT WOS:000317826300001 ER PT J AU Huba, J Krall, J AF Huba, J. Krall, J. TI Modeling the plasmasphere with SAMI3 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY MODEL; GLOBAL-MODEL AB The study of the plasmasphere is extremely important to understanding space weather phenomena; for example, it plays a critical role in the regulation of radiation belt dynamics. In this paper, the first 3D simulation of the plasmasphere based on the first-principles physics model SAMI3 is presented. We include the co-rotation potential, the neutral wind dynamo potential, and a time-dependent Volland-Stern-Maynard-Chen potential to model the response of the convection potential to an idealized magnetic storm. We find that prior to the storm the plasmasphere is largely toroidal and symmetric in magnetic local time with He+/H+ similar to 5-10%. After the storm, the plasmasphere substantially contracts because plasma is convected away from the outer plasmasphere by the enhanced convection velocity. Moreover, a plume-like structure forms in the mid-afternoon sector because of the modified convection pattern associated with the storm. Additionally good agreement is found between the simulation results and data for the L-shell dependence of the equatorial electron density as well as the electron density along the field line at a given L-shell under quiet geomagnetic conditions. Citation: Huba, J., and J. Krall (2013), Modeling the plasmasphere with SAMI3, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 6-10, doi: 10.1029/2012GL054300. C1 [Huba, J.; Krall, J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huba, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM huba@ppd.nrl.navy.mil FU LWS NASA grant; NRL Base Funds FX We thank J. Fedder for a critical reading of the manuscript and the referees for constructive comments. This research has been supported by an LWS NASA grant and NRL Base Funds. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1029/2012GL054300 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 129GF UT WOS:000317826300002 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE Stevens, MH Englert, CR Mlynczak, MG AF Siskind, David E. Stevens, Michael H. Englert, Christoph R. Mlynczak, M. G. TI Comparison of a photochemical model with observations of mesospheric hydroxyl and ozone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UPPER-STRATOSPHERE; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; EXPLORER; PHOTODISSOCIATION; SPECTROMETER; DEFICIT; CLO; O2; O-3; NM AB We present a comparison of a photochemical model with mesospheric hydroxyl (OH) data from the Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals (SHIMMER) and mesospheric ozone (O-3) data from the Sounding of the Atmosphere with Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER). Although SHIMMER and SABER do not measure the atmosphere coincidently, by sampling the photochemical model at the appropriate local time of each measurement, an effective concurrent test of mesospheric odd oxygen and odd hydrogen theory can be achieved. Consistent with previous, more limited analyses of SHIMMER data, we find no evidence of a systematic model overprediction of mesospheric OH. However, at 80 km, the standard chemical scheme shows a model deficit in the morning hours and a dramatic model excess in the late afternoon. Using a higher rate coefficient for the H + O-2 + M -> HO2 + M reaction ameliorates this problem. Such a higher rate is consistent with the only reported laboratory measurements at the low temperatures appropriate to the mesosphere. Regarding the SABER ozone, the model significantly underpredicts the data. Some of this could be explained by a previously reported, systematic high bias to the SABER ozone, and comparisons of our model with Microwave Limb Sounder data support that suggestion. Nonetheless, a persistent model ozone deficit remains. Since the model agreement with SHIMMER OH is generally very good, this model ozone deficit is unlikely to be due to a mischaracterization of mesospheric HOx. Citation: Siskind, D. E., M. H. Stevens, and C. R. Englert (2013), Comparison of a photochemical model with observations of mesospheric hydroxyl and ozone, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 195-207, doi: 10.1029/2012JD017971. C1 [Siskind, David E.; Stevens, Michael H.; Englert, Christoph R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.siskind@nrl.navy.mil OI Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168; Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 FU NASA's Geospace SRT program; Office of Naval Research; DoD Space Test Program; NASA Heliophysics Division; NASA AIM Explorer Science Project FX This work was supported by a grant from the NASA's Geospace SR&T program. SHIMMER was a joint program between NRL and the DoD Space Test Program. Support was provided by the Office of Naval Research, the DoD Space Test Program and the NASA Heliophysics Division. The NOGAPS-ALPHA analysis, which was used to provide the inputs to the photochemical model, was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the NASA AIM Explorer Science Project. We also thank the SABER team and J. M. Russell, PI, for helpful conversations about their data, the MLS team for the access to their data, and T. Slanger for the references on alternative ozone sources. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 195 EP 207 DI 10.1029/2012JD017971 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129JI UT WOS:000317834900014 ER PT J AU Sunyakumthorn, P Paris, DH Chan, TC Jones, M Luce-Fedrow, A Chattopadhyay, S Jiang, J Anantatat, T Turner, GDH Day, NPJ Richards, AL AF Sunyakumthorn, Piyanate Paris, Daniel H. Chan, Teik-Chye Jones, Margaret Luce-Fedrow, Alison Chattopadhyay, Suchismita Jiang, Ju Anantatat, Tippawan Turner, Gareth D. H. Day, Nicholas P. J. Richards, Allen L. TI An Intradermal Inoculation Model of Scrub Typhus in Swiss CD-1 Mice Demonstrates More Rapid Dissemination of Virulent Strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HOST DEFENSES; RICKETTSIAL INFECTIONS; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; VACCINE CANDIDATE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DENDRITIC CELLS; MACROPHAGES; RESISTANCE; JAPAN; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Scrub typhus is an important endemic disease of the Asia-Pacific region caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. To develop an effective vaccine to prevent scrub typhus infection, a better understanding of the initial host-pathogen interaction is needed. The objective of this study was to investigate early bacterial dissemination in a CD-1 Swiss outbred mouse model after intradermal injection of O. tsutsugamushi. Three human pathogenic strains of O. tsutsugamushi (Karp, Gilliam, and Woods) were chosen to investigate the early infection characteristics associated with bacterial virulence. Tissue biopsies of the intradermal injection site and draining lymph nodes were examined using histology and immunohistochemistry to characterize bacterial dissemination, and correlated with quantitative real-time PCR for O. tsutsugamushi in blood and tissue from major organs. Soluble adhesion molecules were measured to examine cellular activation in response to infection. No eschar formation was seen at the inoculation site and no clinical disease developed within the 7 day period of observation. However, O. tsutsugamushi was localized at the injection site and in the draining lymph nodes by day 7 post inoculation. Evidence of leukocyte and endothelial activation was present by day 7 with significantly raised levels of sL-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. Infection with the Karp strain was associated with earlier and higher bacterial loads and more extensive dissemination in various tissues than the less pathogenic Gilliam and Woods strains. The bacterial loads of O. tsutsugamushi were highest in the lungs and spleens of mice inoculated with Karp and Gilliam, but not Woods strains. Strains of higher virulence resulted in more rapid systemic infection and dissemination in this model. The CD-1 mouse intradermal inoculation model demonstrates features relevant to early scrub typhus infection in humans, including the development of regional lymphadenopathy, leukocyte activation and distant organ dissemination after low-dose intradermal injection with O. tsutsugamushi. C1 [Sunyakumthorn, Piyanate; Chan, Teik-Chye; Luce-Fedrow, Alison; Chattopadhyay, Suchismita; Jiang, Ju; Richards, Allen L.] USN, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sunyakumthorn, Piyanate; Paris, Daniel H.; Anantatat, Tippawan; Turner, Gareth D. H.; Day, Nicholas P. J.] Mahidol Univ, Mahidol Oxford Trop Med Res Unit, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Jones, Margaret; Turner, Gareth D. H.] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Lab Sci, Oxford, England. [Richards, Allen L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Allen.Richards@med.navy.mil FU U.S. Military Infectious Diseases Research Program [A0310]; Wellcome Trust of Great Britain [089275/Z/09/Z] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, work unit number A0310, and by the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain, grant 089275/Z/09/Z. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 16 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 AR e54570 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0054570 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 072OV UT WOS:000313682700128 PM 23342173 ER PT J AU Doukas, WC Hayda, RA Frisch, HM Andersen, RC Mazurek, MT Ficke, JR Keeling, JJ Pasquina, PF Wain, HJ Carlini, AR MacKenzie, EJ AF Doukas, William C. Hayda, Roman A. Frisch, H. Michael Andersen, Romney C. Mazurek, Michael T. Ficke, James R. Keeling, John J. Pasquina, Paul F. Wain, Harold J. Carlini, Anthony R. MacKenzie, Ellen J. TI The Military Extremity Trauma Amputation/Limb Salvage (METALS) Study Outcomes of Amputation Versus Limb Salvage Following Major Lower-Extremity Trauma SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION ASSESSMENT; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ENDURING FREEDOM; COMBAT; AFGHANISTAN; VETERANS; WAR AB Background: The study was performed to examine the hypothesis that functional outcomes following major lower-extremity trauma sustained in the military would be similar between patients treated with amputation and those who underwent limb salvage. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 324 service members deployed to Afghanistan or Iraq who sustained a lower-limb injury requiring either amputation or limb salvage involving revascularization, bone graft/bone transport, local/free flap coverage, repair of a major nerve injury, or a complete compartment injury/compartment syndrome. The Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire was used to measure overall function. Standard instruments were used to measure depression (the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD Checklist-military version), chronic pain (Chronic Pain Grade Scale), and engagement in sports and leisure activities (Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire). The outcomes of amputation and salvage were compared by using regression analysis with adjustment for age, time until the interview, military rank, upper-limb and bilateral injuries, social support, and intensity of combat experiences. Results: Overall response rates were modest (59.2%) and significantly different between those who underwent amputation (64.5%) and those treated with limb salvage (55.4%) (p = 0.02). In all SMFA domains except arm/hand function, the patients scored significantly worse than population norms. Also, 38.3% screened positive for depressive symptoms and 17.9%, for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One-third (34.0%) were not working, on active duty, or in school. After adjustment for covariates, participants with an amputation had better scores in all SMFA domains compared with those whose limbs had been salvaged (p < 0.01). They also had a lower likelihood of PTSD and a higher likelihood of being engaged in vigorous sports. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to the percentage of patients with depressive symptoms, pain interfering with daily activities (pain interference), or work/school status. Conclusions: Major lower-limb trauma sustained in the military results in significant disability. Service members who undergo amputation appear to have better functional outcomes than those who undergo limb salvage. Caution is needed in interpreting these results as there was a potential for selection bias. C1 Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. EM wcdoukas@ma.rr.com; Roman_Hayda@brown.edu; pdrhmf@msj.org; Romney.andersen@us.army.mil; james.ficke@amedd.army.mil; john.keeling@med.navy.mil; Paul.Pasquina@na.ameddarmy.mil; Harold.wain@na.amedd.army.mil; acarlini@jhsph.edu; emackenz@jhsph.edu NR 38 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 26 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN 16 PY 2013 VL 95A IS 2 BP 138 EP 145 DI 10.2106/JBJS.K.00734 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 076BO UT WOS:000313931700008 PM 23324961 ER PT J AU Stine, R Mulvaney, SP Robinson, JT Tamanaha, CR Sheehan, PE AF Stine, Rory Mulvaney, Shawn P. Robinson, Jeremy T. Tamanaha, Cy R. Sheehan, Paul E. TI Fabrication, Optimization, and Use of Graphene Field Effect Sensors SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID EFFECT-TRANSISTOR; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; GRAPHITE OXIDE; LARGE-AREA; SENSING APPLICATIONS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SELECTIVE DETECTION; COPPER FOILS; HIGH-QUALITY; LARGE-SCALE C1 [Stine, Rory] Nova Res, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Mulvaney, Shawn P.; Tamanaha, Cy R.; Sheehan, Paul E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Robinson, Jeremy T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stine, R (reprint author), Nova Res, 1900 Elkins St,Suite 230, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RI Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010; Stine, Rory/C-6709-2013; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 FU Office of Naval Research through basic programs at NRL FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research through basic programs at NRL. We thank James Champlain for helpful discussions. NR 151 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 224 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 2 SI SI BP 509 EP 521 DI 10.1021/ac303190w PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 072JY UT WOS:000313668400005 PM 23234380 ER PT J AU Singh, M Sanborn, A AF Singh, Mohenish Sanborn, Adam TI Painful Red Eye SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Singh, Mohenish; Sanborn, Adam] Naval Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Singh, M (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. EM Mohenish.Singh@med.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JAN 15 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 2 BP 127 EP 128 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 077GT UT WOS:000314016600007 PM 23317077 ER PT J AU Meijerink, R Kristensen, LE Weiss, A van der Werf, PP Walter, F Spaans, M Loenen, AF Fischer, J Israel, FP Isaak, K Papadopoulos, PP Aalto, S Armus, L Charmandaris, V Dasyra, KM Diaz-Santos, T Evans, A Gao, Y Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Gusten, R Henkel, C Kramer, C Lord, S Martin-Pintado, J Naylor, D Sanders, DB Smith, H Spinoglio, L Stacey, G Veilleux, S Wiedner, MC AF Meijerink, R. Kristensen, L. E. Weiss, A. van der Werf, P. P. Walter, F. Spaans, M. Loenen, A. F. Fischer, J. Israel, F. P. Isaak, K. Papadopoulos, P. P. Aalto, S. Armus, L. Charmandaris, V. Dasyra, K. M. Diaz-Santos, T. Evans, A. Gao, Y. Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Guesten, R. Henkel, C. Kramer, C. Lord, S. Martin-Pintado, J. Naylor, D. Sanders, D. B. Smith, H. Spinoglio, L. Stacey, G. Veilleux, S. Wiedner, M. C. TI EVIDENCE FOR CO SHOCK EXCITATION IN NGC 6240 FROM HERSCHEL SPIRE SPECTROSCOPY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (NGC 6240); galaxies: nuclei; galaxies: starburst; infrared: galaxies ID LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; MOLECULAR GAS; STAR-FORMATION; ARP 220; MARKARIAN 231; NGC-6240; DIAGNOSTICS; NUCLEI; DENSE; ENVIRONMENTS AB We present Herschel SPIRE FTS spectroscopy of the nearby luminous infrared galaxy NGC 6240. In total 20 lines are detected, including CO J = 4-3 through J = 13-12, 6 H2O rotational lines, and [C I] and [N II] fine-structure lines. The CO to continuum luminosity ratio is 10 times higher in NGC 6240 than Mrk 231. Although the CO ladders of NGC 6240 and Mrk 231 are very similar, UV and/or X-ray irradiation are unlikely to be responsible for the excitation of the gas in NGC 6240. We applied both C and J shock models to the H-2 v = 1-0 S(1) and v = 2-1 S(1) lines and the CO rotational ladder. The CO ladder is best reproduced by a model with shock velocity v(s) = 10 km s(-1) and a pre-shock density n(H) = 5 x 10(4) cm(-3). We find that the solution best fitting the H-2 lines is degenerate. The shock velocities and number densities range between v(s) = 17-47 km s(-1) and n(H) = 10(7)-5x10(4) cm(-3), respectively. The H-2 lines thus need a much more powerful shock than the CO lines. We deduce that most of the gas is currently moderately stirred up by slow (10 km s(-1)) shocks while only a small fraction (less than or similar to 1%) of the interstellar medium is exposed to the high-velocity shocks. This implies that the gas is rapidly losing its highly turbulent motions. We argue that a high CO line-to-continuum ratio is a key diagnostic for the presence of shocks. C1 [Meijerink, R.; Spaans, M.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Meijerink, R.; Kristensen, L. E.; van der Werf, P. P.; Loenen, A. F.; Israel, F. P.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Weiss, A.; Papadopoulos, P. P.; Guesten, R.; Henkel, C.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Walter, F.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Fischer, J.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Isaak, K.] Estec, ESA Astrophys Miss Div, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Aalto, S.] Chalmers, Onsala Observ, Dept Radio & Space Sci, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Armus, L.; Diaz-Santos, T.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Charmandaris, V.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece. [Dasyra, K. M.] Observ Paris, LERMA CNRS UMR8112, F-75014 Paris, France. [Evans, A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Evans, A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Gao, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, E-28871 Madrid, Spain. [Henkel, C.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Astron, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Kramer, C.] IRAM, E-18012 Granada, Spain. [Lord, S.] CALTECH, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Martin-Pintado, J.] CSIC, Inst Estruct Mat, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Naylor, D.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Space Imaging Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Sanders, D. B.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Smith, H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Spinoglio, L.] INAF, Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Stacey, G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Veilleux, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wiedner, M. C.] Observ Paris, LERMA, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Meijerink, R (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, POB 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. RI Charmandaris, Vassilis/A-7196-2008; Kristensen, Lars/F-4774-2011; Martin-Pintado, Jesus/H-6107-2015; OI Charmandaris, Vassilis/0000-0002-2688-1956; Kristensen, Lars/0000-0003-1159-3721; Martin-Pintado, Jesus/0000-0003-4561-3508; Meijerink, Rowin/0000-0001-7584-9293; Dasyra, Kalliopi/0000-0002-1482-2203; Spinoglio, Luigi/0000-0001-8840-1551 FU CSA in Canada; NAOC in China; CNES in France; CNRS in France; CEA in France; ASI in Italy; MEC in Spain; Stockholm Observatory in Sweden; STFC in the UK; NASA in the USA; ESA; NHSC; US ONR FX We acknowledge the constructive comments by the referee Christine Wilson. The following institutes have provided hardware and software elements to the SPIRE project: University of Lethbridge, Canada; NAOC, Beijing, China; CEA Saclay, CEA Grenoble and LAM in France; IFSI, Rome, and University of Padua, Italy; IAC, Tenerife, Spain; Stockholm Observatory, Sweden; Cardiff University, Imperial College London, UCL-MSSL, STFCRAL, UK ATC Edinburgh, and the University of Sussex in the UK. Funding for SPIRE has been provided by the national agencies of the participating countries and by internal institute funding: CSA in Canada; NAOC in China; CNES, CNRS, and CEA in France; ASI in Italy; MEC in Spain; Stockholm Observatory in Sweden; STFC in the UK; and NASA in the USA. Additional funding support for some instrument activities has been provided by ESA. US authors acknowledge support from the NHSC. Basic research in IR astronomy at NRL is funded by the US ONR. NR 29 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 2 AR L16 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/762/2/L16 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 237ND UT WOS:000325876300001 ER PT J AU Boyd, DA Shields, AR Naciri, J Ligler, FS AF Boyd, Darryl A. Shields, Adam R. Naciri, Jawad Ligler, Frances S. TI Hydrodynamic Shaping, Polymerization, and Subsequent Modification of Thiol Click Fibers SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE click chemistry; hydrodynamic focusing; microfibers; microfluidics; thiol-ene; thiol-yne ID ENE; CHEMISTRY; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATIONS; NETWORKS AB Hydrodynamic focusing in microfluidic channels is used to produce highly uniform, shaped polymer fibers at room temperature and under "green" conditions. Core streams of thiol-ene and thiol-yne prepolymer solutions were guided using a phase-matched sheath stream through microfluidic channels with grooved walls to determine shape. Size was dictated by the ratio of the flow rates of the core and sheath streams. Thiol click reactions were initiated using UV illumination to lock in predesigned cross-sectional shapes and sizes. This approach proved to be much more flexible than electrospinning in that highly uniform fibers can be produced from prepolymer solutions with varying compositions and viscosities with made-to-order sizes and shapes. Furthermore, a very simple manipulation of the composition provided reactive groups on the fiber surface for attachment of active ligands and biological components. A proof-of-principle experiment demonstrated that biotin attached to thiol groups on the fiber surface could specifically bind a fluorescent protein. C1 [Boyd, Darryl A.; Shields, Adam R.; Naciri, Jawad; Ligler, Frances S.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM frances.ligler@nrl.navy.mil RI Boyd, Darryl/F-4269-2016 OI Boyd, Darryl/0000-0001-7327-2443 FU ONR/NRL Work Unit 9899 FX The authors wish to thank Chris R. Taitt, Christopher M. Spillmann, Peter B. Howell, and Peter Matic for helpful suggestions during the course of these experiments. We would also like to acknowledge a summer student, Colleen O'Neil, for work she did related to this project. Darryl A. Boyd and Adam R. Shields are National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellows. The work was supported by ONR/NRL Work Unit 9899. The views are those of the authors and do not represent the opinion or policy of the U.S. Navy or Department of Defense. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 94 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JAN 9 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 114 EP 119 DI 10.1021/am3022834 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 065JE UT WOS:000313143800017 PM 23215013 ER PT J AU McCarthy, ED Zammarano, M Fox, DM Nieuwendaal, RC Kim, YS Maupin, PH Trulove, PC Gilman, JW AF McCarthy, Edward D. Zammarano, Mauro Fox, Douglas M. Nieuwendaal, Ryan C. Kim, Yeon S. Maupin, Paul H. Trulove, Paul C. Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Formation of extended ionomeric network by bulk polymerization of L,D-lactide with layered-double-hydroxide SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposite; Polylactide; Poly(lactic acid) ID POLY(LACTIC ACID); L-LACTIDE; POLYLACTONES; NANOCOMPOSITES; NMR; POLY(L-LACTIDE); NANOPARTICLES; DELIVERY; CATALYST; BEHAVIOR AB We report the formation of an ionomeric network in a poly(L,D-lactide) hybrid nanocomposite, (PLDLA-HYB) during in-situ melt polymerization of L,D-lactide in the presence of magnesium/aluminum layered-double-hydroxide (LDH) without added catalyst. The effect of LDH mass loading and reaction time on molecular mass and yield of soluble poly(L,D-lactide) (PLDLA-SOL) present in the hybrid was investigated for a better understanding of the conflicting roles of LDH in polymerization and degradation of PLDLA-SOL. High molecular mass PLDLA-SOL is obtained through initiation of polymerization by LDH. However an additional insoluble organic-inorganic fraction, INSOL, is also observed within the product when PLDLA-SOL is extracted using methylene chloride as solvent. It is proposed that INSOL is an ionomeric network comprising hydrogen-bonded, or otherwise co-ordinated, lactic acid monomer salts of magnesium, together with PLDLA in a 24%-76% mass ratio. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McCarthy, Edward D.; Zammarano, Mauro; Nieuwendaal, Ryan C.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro; Kim, Yeon S.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro; Fox, Douglas M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Maupin, Paul H.] Off Basic Energy Sci, Dept Energy, Chem Sci Geosci & Biosci Div, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Trulove, Paul C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov RI KIM, YEON SEOK/J-5864-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA00236G002, FA9550-10-1-0323] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award Nos. F1ATA00236G002 and FA9550-10-1-0323. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 8 PY 2013 VL 54 IS 1 BP 90 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.11.037 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 190QT UT WOS:000322356000012 ER PT J AU Liu, JL Zabetakis, D Acevedo-Velez, G Goldman, ER Anderson, GP AF Liu, Jinny L. Zabetakis, Dan Acevedo-Velez, Glendalys Goldman, Ellen R. Anderson, George P. TI Comparison of an antibody and its recombinant derivative for the detection of the small molecule explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Single chain antibody; Surface plasmon resonance; Circular dichroism; Competitive immunoassay; Explosive detection; MAGPIX; Magplex microspheres ID SINGLE-DOMAIN ANTIBODIES; CHAIN VARIABLE FRAGMENT; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LIGAND-BINDING; TNT-ANTIBODIES; SYSTEMS; HAPTEN; DEOXYNIVALENOL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN AB Antibodies are commonly used as recognition elements in immunoassays because of their high specificity and affinity, and have seen extensive use in competitive assays for the detection of small molecules. However, these complex molecules require production either in animals or by mammalian cell cultures, and are not easily tailored through genetic manipulation. Single chain antibodies (scFv), recombinantly expressed molecules consisting of only the antibody's binding region joined via a linking peptide, can provide an alternative to intact antibodies. We describe the characterization of a new monoclonal antibody (mAb), 2G5B5, able to detect the small molecule explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and the scFv derived from its variable regions. The mAb and scFv were tested by surface plasmon resonance to determine their affinity for an immobilized TNT surrogate; dissociation constants were determined to be 1.5 x 10(-13) M and 4.8 x 10(-10) M respectively. Circular dichroism was used to determine their melting temperatures. The mAb is more stable melting at similar to 75 degrees C while the scFv melts at similar to 65 degrees C. The recognition elements were incorporated into a competitive assay format using a bead-based multiplexing platform to examine their sensitivity and specificity. The scFv was able to detect TNT similar to 10-fold more sensitively than the mAb in this assay format, allowing detection of TNT concentrations down to at least 11 mu g L-1. The 2G5B gave similar detection limits to a commercial anti-TNT mAb, but was less specific, recognizing 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) equally well as TNT. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, Jinny L.; Zabetakis, Dan; Acevedo-Velez, Glendalys; Goldman, Ellen R.; Anderson, George P.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ellen.goldman@nrl.navy.mil; george.anderson@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU NSF [1004926-0001] FX The work presented here was performed under ONR/NRL 6.2 work unit T032-08. Glendalys Acevedo-Velez, an undergraduate at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo, was supported by an NSF program to provide summer internships to students from Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Tribal Colleges and minority institutions (Grant #1004926-0001). The opinions expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent those of the US Navy, the US Department of Defense, or the US government. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 8 PY 2013 VL 759 BP 100 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2012.10.051 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 073RX UT WOS:000313761300012 PM 23260682 ER PT J AU Raphael, MP Christodoulides, JA Delehanty, JB Long, JP Pehrsson, PE Byers, JM AF Raphael, Marc P. Christodoulides, Joseph A. Delehanty, James B. Long, James P. Pehrsson, Pehr E. Byers, Jeff M. TI Quantitative LSPR Imaging for Biosensing with Single Nanostructure Resolution SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; REAL-TIME; SENSITIVITY; GOLD; SENSORS; CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; SELECTIVITY; ADSORPTION AB Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) imaging has the potential to map complex spatio-temporal variations in analyte concentration, such as those produced by protein secretions from live cells. A fundamental roadblock to the realization of such applications is the challenge of calibrating a nanoscale sensor for quantitative analysis. Here, we introduce a new, to our knowledge, LSPR imaging and analysis technique that enables the calibration of hundreds of individual gold nanostructures in parallel. The calibration allowed us to map the fractional occupancy of surface-bound receptors at individual nanostructures with nanomolar sensitivity and a temporal resolution of 225 ms. As a demonstration of the technique's applicability to molecular and cell biology, the calibrated array was used for the quantitative LSPR imaging of anti-c-myc antibodies harvested from a cultured 9E10 hybridoma cell line without the need for further purification or processing. C1 [Raphael, Marc P.; Christodoulides, Joseph A.; Delehanty, James B.; Long, James P.; Pehrsson, Pehr E.; Byers, Jeff M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raphael, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.raphael@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory's Institute for Nanoscience FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory's Institute for Nanoscience. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 61 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 8 PY 2013 VL 104 IS 1 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.3821 PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 070VM UT WOS:000313541200006 PM 23332056 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Snow, AW Roland, CM AF Casalini, R. Snow, A. W. Roland, C. M. TI Temperature Dependence of the Johari-Goldstein Relaxation in Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Poly(thiomethyl methacrylate) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; BETA-RELAXATION; GLASS-FORMERS; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; COUPLING MODEL; DYNAMICS; PRESSURE; LIQUIDS AB To analyze the Johari-Goldstein (JG) secondary process, dielectric relaxation measurements were carried out on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(thiomethyl methacrylate) (PTMA). The latter has a sulfur atom replacing the oxygen in the ester of PMMA, making the pendant group much less polar. This weakens the intensity of the secondary relaxation, enabling facile resolution of the JG and primary structural relaxation peaks. We find that the JG relaxation time of PTMA has a substantially larger activation energy (factor of 2) in the liquid compared to the glassy state. Although deconvolution of the peaks in PMMA is more ambiguous due to the large dielectric strength of its JG relaxation, applying the same analysis leads to a very similar result. In light of previous results, we conclude very generally from their temperature-dependence that JG secondary motions sense the glass transition, consistent with their role as precursor to structural relaxation. C1 [Casalini, R.; Snow, A. W.; Roland, C. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors are grateful to A. Purdy for help in the synthesis of the PTMA and to D. Fragiadakis for assistance with the analysis software Grafity. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 8 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 1 BP 330 EP 334 DI 10.1021/ma3021322 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 067NY UT WOS:000313303600036 ER PT J AU Goodman, J Bertoncini, C AF Goodman, J. Bertoncini, C. TI Probability density for envelope of multiplicative noise SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB The closed-form probability density for the envelope of multiplicative noise, both for the zero and nonzero mean case, is considered. The distribution parameters are determined using a curve fitting optimisation that shows excellent agreement between the measured and parametric form of the density function. C1 [Goodman, J.; Bertoncini, C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goodman, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joel.goodman@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work has been supported in part by the Office of Naval Research NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 3 PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 39 EP 40 DI 10.1049/el.2012.3072 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 134SQ UT WOS:000318235200024 ER PT J AU Shon, S Han, DK Ko, H AF Shon, Suwon Han, David K. Ko, Hanseok GP IEEE TI Abnormal Acoustic Event Localization based on Selective Frequency Bin in High Noise Environment for Audio Surveillance SO 2013 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED VIDEO AND SIGNAL BASED SURVEILLANCE (AVSS 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS) CY AUG 27-30, 2013 CL Krakow, POLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Polish Soc Theoret & Appl Elect Engn, Poznan Sect, Polish Acad Sci, Signals, Circuits & Elect Syst Sect Elect & Telecommunicat Comm, Mitsubishi Elect ID MICROPHONE ARRAY; WEIGHTED CSP; TIME-DELAY; SRP-PHAT; IMPLEMENTATION; LOCATION AB In this paper, a method for source localization for surveillance system is presented. In particular, we propose an algorithm for abnormal acoustic event localization based on a novel approach of relevant frequency bin selections by statistical analyses. By means of selective frequency bin, it becomes possible to localize the event more accurately in high noise environment with low computational complexity. The effectiveness is verified through the experimental results in varied noise environments with different levels of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). C1 [Shon, Suwon; Ko, Hanseok] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Han, David K.] Off Naval Res, Ocean Engn & Marine Syst Team, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Shon, S (reprint author), Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul, South Korea. EM swshon@ispl.korea.ac.kr; ctmkhan@gmail.com; hsko@korea.ac.kr FU Seoul RBD Program [WR080951] FX This research was supported by Seoul R&BD Program (WR080951). NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0703-8 PY 2013 BP 87 EP 92 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB7LZ UT WOS:000345737900015 ER PT J AU Adams, A Tummala, M McEachen, J Scrofani, J AF Adams, Agur Tummala, Murali McEachen, John Scrofani, James BE Wysocki, TA Wysocki, BJ TI Source Localization and Tracking in a Cognitive Radio Environment Consisting of Frequency and Spatial Mobility SO 2013 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (ICSPCS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS) CY DEC 16-18, 2013 CL Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst ID NETWORKS AB Source localization and tracking of a Cognitive Radio (CR) is a significant challenge because of the dynamic opportunistic behavior of the radio across the spatial, frequency, and temporal domains. For any localization or tracking scheme to be effective, it must be able to adapt as a CR adapts to its surroundings. The extended semi range-based (ESRB) localization scheme was proposed as a solution to the aforementioned problem, but resulted in considerable communication overhead and storage requirements within the wireless sensor network (WSN) as well as poor reliability due to frequent divergence of the non-linear least squares method (NLSM) in the localization process. Furthermore, tracking a mobile CR was accomplished in a brute force manner by repeating the same positioning technique without taking advantage of prior position estimates. In this paper, the ESRB localization scheme is modified to incorporate the Kalman filter as a recursive estimator to reduce the burden placed on the WSN and integrate an efficient means to estimate the position and velocity of a mobile CR over time. The proposed modification is modeled in the MATLAB programming language, and its efficacy is demonstrated through simulation. It is shown that the Kalman filter is an appropriate recursive estimator for use in the ESRB localization scheme, while accounting for both frequency and spatial mobility inherent in the CR environment. C1 [Adams, Agur] US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John; Scrofani, James] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Adams, A (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM aadams@usna.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu; jwscrofa@nps.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1319-0 PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB7NA UT WOS:000345766100081 ER PT J AU Ngo, TA Tummala, M McEachen, JC Scrofani, JW AF Ngo, Tan A. Tummala, Murali McEachen, John C. Scrofani, James W. BE Wysocki, TA Wysocki, BJ TI Two-Stage Scheme for Geolocation using Mobile Sensor Networks with Optimal Formations SO 2013 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (ICSPCS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS) CY DEC 16-18, 2013 CL Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE Two-stage geolocation; TDOA; MLE; mobile wireless sensor network AB Recent advancements in low power micro sensors and wireless network technology have enabled a host of new sensor network applications. One such application is collaborative geolocation using time difference of arrival measurements from a wireless sensor network consisting of mobile ground or airborne sensor nodes. This paper introduces a two-stage geolocation scheme that begins in an optimal bearing estimate formation and then reconfigures to a formation that yields an optimal position estimate. Using optimal sensor formations for bearing and position estimates, enables a network to obtain an optimal estimate of a target emitter's position. Through simulation the performance of such a scheme is analyzed and compared to that of a random fixed array. Its implementation on an airborne quadrotor network is also explored and is shown to be viable despite the network's unsteady node station keeping. C1 [Ngo, Tan A.; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John C.; Scrofani, James W.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ngo, TA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tango@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu; jwscrofa@nps.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1319-0 PY 2013 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB7NA UT WOS:000345766100083 ER PT J AU Roth, JD Tummala, M McEachen, J Scrofani, J AF Roth, John D. Tummala, Murali McEachen, John Scrofani, James BE Wysocki, TA Wysocki, BJ TI A Configurable Fingerprint-Based Hidden-Markov Model for Tracking in Variable Channel Conditions SO 2013 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (ICSPCS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS) CY DEC 16-18, 2013 CL Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE Hidden-Markov Model; channel conditions; non-line-of-sight (NLOS); shadowing; positioning; geolocation; maximum-likelihood; fingerprinting; database correlation; cell-ID ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; LOCALIZATION; MITIGATION; TUTORIAL; LOCATION AB A novel scheme for mobile subscriber positioning is proposed based on the hidden-Markov model (HMM) and the cell-ID maximum-likelihood database correlation method also known as fingerprinting. Using a simulated channel environment, based on the Clearwire deployment of WiMAX base stations in San Jose, CA, we show that matching the right configuration of the model to the deployment environment can realize significant gains in performance. The proposed scheme balances the scalability inherent in hidden-Markov-based motion models deployed in large areas of interest against the existing channel conditions and computational capability. By utilizing a simulated channel this paper demonstrates the effect of base station deployment and shadowing on the fingerprint-based HMM motion model. Further, the benefits gained through scaling the HMM are explored. C1 [Roth, John D.] US Naval Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John; Scrofani, James] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Roth, JD (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jroth@usna.edu NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1319-0 PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB7NA UT WOS:000345766100037 ER PT J AU Tester, K Scrofani, J Tummala, M Garren, D McEachen, J AF Tester, Kristofer Scrofani, James Tummala, Murali Garren, David McEachen, John BE Wysocki, TA Wysocki, BJ TI A Spatiotemporal Clustering Approach to Maritime Domain Awareness SO 2013 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (ICSPCS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS) CY DEC 16-18, 2013 CL Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Univ Nebraska, Peter Kiewit Inst DE Spatiotemporal clustering; maritime domain AB Spatiotemporal clustering is the process of grouping objects based on both their spatial and temporal similarity. This approach is useful when considering the distance between objects and how that distance changes through time. Spatiotemporal clustering analysis is applied to the maritime domain in this paper, specifically to a defined area of water, during a period of time, in order to gain behavioral knowledge of vessel interactions and provide the opportunity to screen such interactions for further investigation. The proposed spatiotemporal clustering algorithm spatially clusters vessels in the water space using k-means clustering analysis, kinematically refines the clusters based on the similarity of vessel headings, speeds and the distance between them, and temporally analyzes the continuity of membership of the kinematic clusters through time to determine which clusters are moving. The algorithm is implemented in the MATLAB programming environment, verified with a synthetic data scenario, and validated with two real-world datasets. C1 [Tester, Kristofer; Scrofani, James; Tummala, Murali; Garren, David; McEachen, John] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Tester, K (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1319-0 PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB7NA UT WOS:000345766100019 ER PT S AU Julian, AL Oriti, G Pfender, ME AF Julian, Alexander L. Oriti, Giovanna Pfender, Mark E. GP IEEE TI SLR Converter Design for Multi-Cell Battery Charging SO 2013 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 15-19, 2013 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, IEEE Power Elect Soc ID FREQUENCY AB Series connected battery cells can use balancing circuits so that each individual cell has the same state of charge (SOC) as the others. In this paper series-loaded resonant (SLR) converters are used to trickle charge individual cells to accomplish this charge equalization goal and increase the reliability of the battery pack. Analytical equations are used to support the design of an SLR converter laboratory prototype. Additionally a physics based model implemented in Matlab/Simulink predicts the hardware behavior. Both analytical solutions and simulations are validated by laboratory experiments. C1 [Julian, Alexander L.; Oriti, Giovanna; Pfender, Mark E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Julian, AL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4799-0336-8 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2013 BP 743 EP 748 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BB6ZM UT WOS:000345216901005 ER PT S AU Kelly, RL Oriti, G Julian, AL AF Kelly, Ryan L. Oriti, Giovanna Julian, Alexander L. GP IEEE TI Reducing Fuel Consumption in a Forward Operating Base using an Energy Management System SO 2013 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE) SE IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) CY SEP 15-19, 2013 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, IEEE Power Elect Soc AB This paper presents the benefits of transitioning from traditional generator employment in a Forward Operating Base (FOB) to an alternative architecture using a power electronics based Energy Management System (EMS). The EMS provides an interface between power sources, loads, and energy storage elements to form a microgrid. Using power electronics and programmable logic, the EMS enables more efficient generator utilization by matching real time load demand to the smallest capable power source, reducing overall fuel consumption. The EMS offers redundancy as it can connect any one of multiple power sources to critical loads. A hardware-based laboratory experiment demonstrates the ability to transition from one power source to another while providing uninterrupted current to the load. The results of the experiment validate a Simulink model of the EMS. An example load profile was applied to the model to compare overall fuel consumption between the traditional architecture and the EMS-enabled microgrid. C1 [Kelly, Ryan L.; Oriti, Giovanna; Julian, Alexander L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kelly, RL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2329-3721 BN 978-1-4799-0336-8 J9 IEEE ENER CONV PY 2013 BP 1330 EP 1336 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BB6ZM UT WOS:000345216901088 ER PT B AU Ahmed, A AF Ahmed, Akbar BA Ahmed, A BF Ahmed, A TI THE THISTLE AND THE DRONE SO THISTLE AND THE DRONE: HOW AMERICA'S WAR ON TERROR BECAME A GLOBAL WAR ON TRIBAL ISLAM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ahmed, Akbar] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Ahmed, Akbar] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ahmed, Akbar] Brookings Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ahmed, A (reprint author), Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-2378-3; 978-0-8157-2379-0 PY 2013 BP 1 EP + PG 74 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BB6DO UT WOS:000344694600001 ER PT B AU Ahmed, A AF Ahmed, Akbar BA Ahmed, A BF Ahmed, A TI WAZIRISTAN: "The Most Dangerous Place in the World" SO THISTLE AND THE DRONE: HOW AMERICA'S WAR ON TERROR BECAME A GLOBAL WAR ON TRIBAL ISLAM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ahmed, Akbar] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Ahmed, Akbar] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ahmed, Akbar] Brookings Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ahmed, A (reprint author), Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-2378-3; 978-0-8157-2379-0 PY 2013 BP 43 EP 95 PG 53 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BB6DO UT WOS:000344694600002 ER PT B AU Ahmed, A AF Ahmed, Akbar BA Ahmed, A BF Ahmed, A TI BIN LADEN'S DILEMMA: Balancing Tribal and Islamic Identity SO THISTLE AND THE DRONE: HOW AMERICA'S WAR ON TERROR BECAME A GLOBAL WAR ON TRIBAL ISLAM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ahmed, Akbar] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Ahmed, Akbar] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ahmed, Akbar] Brookings Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ahmed, A (reprint author), Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-2378-3; 978-0-8157-2379-0 PY 2013 BP 96 EP 133 PG 38 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BB6DO UT WOS:000344694600003 ER PT B AU Ahmed, A AF Ahmed, Akbar BA Ahmed, A BF Ahmed, A TI MUSHARRAF'S DILEMMA: Balancing Center and Periphery SO THISTLE AND THE DRONE: HOW AMERICA'S WAR ON TERROR BECAME A GLOBAL WAR ON TRIBAL ISLAM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ahmed, Akbar] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Ahmed, Akbar] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ahmed, Akbar] Brookings Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ahmed, A (reprint author), Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-2378-3; 978-0-8157-2379-0 PY 2013 BP 134 EP 254 PG 121 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BB6DO UT WOS:000344694600004 ER PT B AU Ahmed, A AF Ahmed, Akbar BA Ahmed, A BF Ahmed, A TI OBAMA'S DILEMMA: Balancing Security and Human Rights SO THISTLE AND THE DRONE: HOW AMERICA'S WAR ON TERROR BECAME A GLOBAL WAR ON TRIBAL ISLAM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ahmed, Akbar] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Ahmed, Akbar] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ahmed, Akbar] Brookings Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ahmed, A (reprint author), Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-2378-3; 978-0-8157-2379-0 PY 2013 BP 255 EP 299 PG 45 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BB6DO UT WOS:000344694600005 ER PT B AU Ahmed, A AF Ahmed, Akbar BA Ahmed, A BF Ahmed, A TI HOW TO WIN THE WAR ON TERROR: Stopping a Thousand Genocides Now SO THISTLE AND THE DRONE: HOW AMERICA'S WAR ON TERROR BECAME A GLOBAL WAR ON TRIBAL ISLAM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ahmed, Akbar] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Ahmed, Akbar] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ahmed, Akbar] Brookings Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ahmed, A (reprint author), Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-2378-3; 978-0-8157-2379-0 PY 2013 BP 300 EP 360 PG 61 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BB6DO UT WOS:000344694600006 ER PT B AU Ahmed, A AF Ahmed, Akbar BA Ahmed, A BF Ahmed, A TI Of Tears and Nightmares SO THISTLE AND THE DRONE: HOW AMERICA'S WAR ON TERROR BECAME A GLOBAL WAR ON TRIBAL ISLAM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ahmed, Akbar] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Ahmed, Akbar] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ahmed, Akbar] Brookings Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ahmed, A (reprint author), Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-2378-3; 978-0-8157-2379-0 PY 2013 BP 361 EP 369 PG 9 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BB6DO UT WOS:000344694600007 ER PT S AU D'Ammando, F Orienti, M Finke, J Larsson, J Giroletti, M AF D'Ammando, F. Orienti, M. Finke, J. Larsson, J. Giroletti, M. CA Fermi Large Area Telescope BE Gomez, JL TI Relativistic jets in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. New discoveries and open questions SO INNERMOST REGIONS OF RELATIVISTIC JETS AND THEIR MAGNETIC FIELDS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Innermost Regions of Relativistic Jets and their Magnetic Field CY JUN 10-14, 2013 CL CSIC, Inst Astrofisica Andalucia, Granada, SPAIN SP RadioNet, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cientificas, Junta Andalucia HO CSIC, Inst Astrofisica Andalucia ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; RADIO-LOUD; PMN J0948+0022; QUASAR; OUTBURST; SEARCH; EXCESS AB Before the launch of the Fermi satellite only two classes of AGNs were known to produce relativistic jets and thus emit up to the gamma-ray energy range: blazars and radio galaxies, both hosted in giant elliptical galaxies. The first four years of observations by the Large Area Telescope on board Fermi confirmed that these two are the most numerous classes of identified sources in the extragalactic gamma-ray sky, but the discovery of gamma-ray emission from 5 radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies revealed the presence of a possible emerging third class of AGNs with relativistic jets. Considering that narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies seem to be typically hosted in spiral galaxy, this finding poses intriguing questions about the nature of these objects, the onset of production of relativistic jets, and the cosmological evolution of radio-loud AGN. Here, we discuss the radio-to-gamma-rays properties of the gamma-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, also in comparison with the blazar scenario. C1 [D'Ammando, F.; Orienti, M.; Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Finke, J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Larsson, J.] KTH, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP D'Ammando, F (reprint author), INAF Ist Radioastron, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM dammando@ira.inaf.it OI /0000-0003-0065-2933; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852 FU PRIN-INAF FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A.Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National dEtudes Spatiales in France. FD, MO, MG acknowledge financial contribution from grant PRIN-INAF-2011. FD thank also C. M. Raiteri, A. Doi, L. Stawarz, D. Dallacasa, T. Hovatta and the OVRO Team, E. Angelakis, L. Fuhrmann and the F-GAMMA Team, M. Lister and the MOJAVE Team, A. Drake and the CRTS Team, A. Lahteenmaki, E. Lindfors and the Metsahovi Team, for all the fruitful work done together on this topic. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2013 VL 61 AR UNSP 05006 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20136105006 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BB5CU UT WOS:000343671600051 ER PT S AU Farah-Stapleton, M Auguston, M AF Farah-Stapleton, Monica Auguston, Mikhail BE Dagli, CH TI Behavioral Modeling of Software Intensive System Architectures SO COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR EVOLVING SYSTEMS: SOCIO-TECHNICAL, CYBER AND BIG DATA SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Complex Adaptive Systems Conference CY NOV 13-15, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Engn Management & Syst Engn Dept, Lockheed Martin, Drexel Univ DE architecture; behaviors; function point analysis; event traces AB Architectural modeling and analysis are mechanisms that allow the capture of design decisions early in the process, so that they can be assessed and modified without incurring the costs of incorrect implementations. This paper addresses Monterey Phoenix (MP), a behavioral model for system and software architecture specification based on event traces, which supports architecture composition operations and views. MP captures behaviors and interactions between parts of the system and the environment with which it operates. As an executable architecture model leveraging "lightweight" formal methods and the small scope hypothesis, MP supports automatic generation of behavior examples (Use Cases) for early system architecture analysis, testing, verification, and validation. This paper also introduces a methodology utilizing MP that will inform quantifiable cost estimates (e.g. Function Point analysis) and ultimately project, program, and enterprise level resourcing decisions. Enhancing and emending DoDAF, UML, and SysML, MP is focused on behaviors, interactions, and automated tools for early verification. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Farah-Stapleton, Monica] OSD, Interagcy Program Off, 1700 N Moore St, Rosslyn, VA USA. [Auguston, Mikhail] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. RP Farah-Stapleton, M (reprint author), OSD, Interagcy Program Off, 1700 N Moore St, Rosslyn, VA USA. EM monica.farah-stapleton@tma.osd.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2013 VL 20 BP 270 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2013.09.272 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB2YC UT WOS:000342564700040 ER PT S AU Giammarco, K Auguston, M AF Giammarco, Kristin Auguston, Mikhail BE Dagli, CH TI Well, you didn't say not to! A Formal Systems Engineering Approach to Teaching an Unruly Architecture Good Behavior SO COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR EVOLVING SYSTEMS: SOCIO-TECHNICAL, CYBER AND BIG DATA SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Complex Adaptive Systems Conference CY NOV 13-15, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Engn Management & Syst Engn Dept, Lockheed Martin, Drexel Univ DE architecture; formal methods; scenario generation; system of systems; complex systems AB This paper proposes a formal modeling approach for predicting emergent reactive system and system of systems (SoS) behaviors resulting from the interactions among subsystems and among the system and its environment. The approach emphasizes specification of component behavior and component interaction as separate concerns at the architectural level, consistent with well-accepted definitions of SoS. The Monterey Phoenix (MP) approach provides features for prediction of emergent SoS behaviors. An example highlights limitations of current modeling languages and approaches that hinder prediction of emergent behavior, and demonstrates how the application of MP can enhance SoS modeling capability through the following principles: Model component interactions as general rules, orthogonal to the component behavior. Automatically extract possible scenarios (use cases) from descriptions of system behavior. Test system behavior against stakeholder expectations/requirements using scenario inspection and assertion checking. MP provides a new capability for automatically verifying system behaviors early in the lifecycle, when design flaws are most easily and inexpensively corrected. MP extends existing frameworks and allows multiple visualizations for different stakeholders, and has potential for application in multiple domains. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Giammarco, Kristin] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Auguston, Mikhail] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Giammarco, K (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kmgiamma@nps.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2013 VL 20 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2013.09.273 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB2YC UT WOS:000342564700041 ER PT S AU Butler, JT Sasao, T AF Butler, Jon T. Sasao, Tsutomu BE Brisk, P Coutinho, JGD Diniz, PC TI Hardware Index to Set Partition Converter SO RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING: ARCHITECTURES, TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Applied Reconfigurable Computing Symposium (ARC) CY MAR 25-27, 2013 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Univ So Calif, Informat Sci Inst AB We demonstrate, for the first time, high-speed circuits that generate partitions on a set S of n objects. We offer two versions. In the first, partitions are produced in lexicographical order in response to successive clock pulses. In the second, an index input determines the set partition produced. Such circuits are needed in the hardware implementation of the optimum distribution of tasks to processors. Our circuits are combinational. For large n, they can have large delay. However, one can easily pipeline them to produce one set partition per clock period. We show 1) analytical and 2) experimental time/complexity results that quantify the efficiency of our designs. Our results show that a hardware partition generator running on a 100 MHz FPGA produces partitions at a rate that is approximately 10 times the rate of a software implementation on a processor running at 2.26 GHz. C1 [Butler, Jon T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Kyushu Inst Technol, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. RP Butler, JT (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jon_butler@msn.com; sasao@ieee.org NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-36812-7; 978-3-642-36811-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2013 VL 7806 BP 72 EP 83 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB3PI UT WOS:000342984500007 ER PT S AU Ngo, TA Tummala, M McEachen, JC AF Ngo, Tan A. Tummala, Murali McEachen, John C. BE Matthews, MB TI Multicast Collaborative Beamforming from Airborne Wireless Sensor Network SO 2013 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID ARRAYS AB Recent advancements in low power micro sensors and wireless network technology have enabled a host of new sensor network applications. One such application is to perform multicast collaborative beamforming from a stationary airborne wireless sensor network. Such a network will be able to broadcast a signal to multiple distributed receivers simultaneously. Collaborative beamforming from such a network can also be an effective means of communication from an unobstructed vantage point. This paper explores the feasibility of such a network. We analyze the beam pattern fluctuations due to position errors from unsteady node station keeping. We show that the effects of minor position errors are manageable. Finally, a node repositioning based non-linear constrained optimization technique for multicast collaborative beamforming is introduced. C1 [Ngo, Tan A.; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ngo, TA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tango@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-2390-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2013 BP 537 EP 541 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB2HD UT WOS:000341772900099 ER PT S AU Sen Gupta, A Kirsteins, I AF Sen Gupta, Ananya Kirsteins, Ivars BE Matthews, MB TI Sonar Target Detection and Classification Against Non-stationary Interference Using Dynamic Time-Frequency Localization SO 2013 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE sparse dictionary; sonar target detection; time-frequency localization ID LARGE UNDERDETERMINED SYSTEMS; EQUATIONS; CHANNELS AB We address the well-known challenge of detecting a target in non-stationary clutter in active sonar using dynamic time-frequency localization. The challenge is to track a target against non-stationary reverberation from the bottom and sea surface, as well as backscatter from biologics. Definition of "target" is application-specific, e.g. in a Naval application the target would typically be a submarine or mine, in another application the target is an environmental AUV sensor tracing pollutant flow along the coast. Examples of non-targets include bathymetric features, wrecks, fish schools, other AUVs, etc. We present a concept for an adaptive subspace-tracking algorithm that navigates the time-frequency space of the target echo dynamically to provide enhanced target detection and classification. Simulation results are presented. C1 [Sen Gupta, Ananya] Univ Iowa, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kirsteins, Ivars] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Sen Gupta, A (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ananya-sengupta@uiowa.edu; ivars.kirsteins@navy.mil FU ONR [N000140710738, N000140510085, N000140710184, N000140710523] FX The authors thank Dr. James Preisig, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, for providing experimental field data collected at SPACE08 experiment, supported by ONR Grants N000140710738, N000140510085, N000140710184, and N000140710523. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-2390-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2013 BP 940 EP 944 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB2HD UT WOS:000341772900172 ER PT S AU Hagstette, ME Fargues, MP Cristi, R AF Hagstette, Matthew E. Fargues, Monique P. Cristi, Roberto BE Matthews, MB TI Extraction of a Weak Co-Channel Interfering Communication Signal using Complex Independent Component Analysis SO 2013 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Complex Independent Component Analysis (ICA); Co-channel interference AB Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithms taking advantage of the potential non-circular property of complex signals have been recently derived and shown to lead to improved performances. We investigate the performance of three ICA approaches to extract a weak co-channel interfering communications signal from a television broadcast signal over varied interference-to-noise ratios: complex maximization of non-Gaussianity by Novey et al., RobustICA by Zarzoso et al., and complex fixed-point algorithm by Douglas. Findings show improved performance and sensitivity to the prewhitening step as the number of sensors increases. C1 [Hagstette, Matthew E.; Fargues, Monique P.; Cristi, Roberto] Naval Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hagstette, ME (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, ECE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mehagste@nps.edu; fargues@nps.edu; rcristi@nps.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-2390-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2013 BP 1171 EP 1175 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB2HD UT WOS:000341772900213 ER PT S AU Wagner, KT Doroslovacki, MI AF Wagner, Kevin T. Doroslovacki, Milos I. BE Matthews, MB TI COMPLEX PROPORTIONATE-TYPE AFFINE PROJECTION ALGORITHMS SO 2013 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Adaptive filtering; convergence; affine projection algorithms AB An extension of complex proportionate-type normalized least mean square algorithms is proposed and derived. This new algorithm called the complex proportionate-type affine projection algorithm helps the estimation of unknown impulse responses when the input signal is colored. The derivation of the complex proportionate-type affine projection algorithm is performed by minimizing the second norm of the weighted difference between the current estimate of the impulse response and the estimate at the next time step under constraints that multiple a posteriori output errors are zero. Several variants of the algorithm are obtained as in the case of the complex proportionate-type normalized least mean square algorithm. It is shown how to use the algorithm in the case of widely linear systems. The learning curves of the algorithms are compared for several standard gain assignment laws for colored and speech input. Through simulation it was demonstrated that the complex proportionate-type affine projection algorithm offers superior convergence performance for colored input signals relative to complex proportionate-type normalized least mean square algorithms and that using separate gains to update the real and imaginary parts of the estimated impulse response, as opposed to the same gain, improves the convergence performance. C1 [Wagner, Kevin T.] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Doroslovacki, Milos I.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Wagner, KT (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-2390-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2013 BP 1510 EP 1514 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB2HD UT WOS:000341772900272 ER PT S AU Shepherd, KD Romero, RA AF Shepherd, Kevin D. Romero, Ric A. BE Matthews, MB TI Radar Waveform Design in Active Communications Channel SO 2013 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE waveform design; spectrum sharing; cognitive radar; electronic warfare; spectrum management AB In this paper, we investigate spectrally adaptive radar transmit waveform design and its effects on an active communication system. We specifically look at waveform design for point targets. The transmit waveform is optimized by accounting for the modulation spectrum of the communication system while trying to efficiently use the remaining spectrum. With the use of spectrally-matched radar waveform, we show that the SER detection performance of the communication system is minimally affected compared to the SER performance with a classical non-adaptive pulsed radar waveform. Moreover, we show the detection performance of the adaptive waveform is less impacted by the active communication compared to that of the pulsed radar waveform design. In other words the radar is able to coexist with a friendly communication system and thus share the spectrum with a friendly communication system. C1 [Shepherd, Kevin D.; Romero, Ric A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Shepherd, KD (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kdshephe@nps.edu; rnromero@nps.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-2390-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2013 BP 1515 EP 1519 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB2HD UT WOS:000341772900273 ER PT S AU Bordonaro, SV Willett, P Bar-Shalom, Y AF Bordonaro, Steven V. Willett, Peter Bar-Shalom, Yaakov BE Matthews, MB TI Performance Analysis of the Converted Range Rate and Position Linear Kalman Filter SO 2013 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID TRACKING AB In active sonar and radar applications measurements consist of range, bearing and often range rate - all nonlinear functions of the target state (usually modeled in Cartesian coordinates). The converted measurement Kalman filter (CMFK) first converts the range and bearing measurements into Cartesian coordinates to allow for the use of a linear Kalman filter. The extension of the CMKF to use range rate as a linear measurement however has been limited to cases with small bearing errors. The use of range rate as a nonlinear measurement requires the use of a nonlinear filter such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Due to the uncertain performance of the EKF, various modifications have been proposed, including use of a pseudo measurement, an alternative linearization of the measurement prediction function, and sequentially processing the converted position and range rate measurements (applied to the EKF and the Unscented Kalman Filter). Common to these approaches is that the measurement prediction function remains nonlinear. A measurement conversion from range, bearing and range rate to Cartesian position and velocity has recently been proposed [4]. This manuscript expands the evaluation of this new approach by comparing to the Sequential EKF, the Sequential Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (PCRLB). The new method is shown to have improved mean square error performance and exhibits improved constancy over the previously proposed methods, especially in cases with poor bearing accuracy. C1 [Bordonaro, Steven V.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Willett, Peter; Bar-Shalom, Yaakov] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Bordonaro, SV (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM steven.bordonaro@navy.mil; willett@engr.uconn.edu; ybs@engr.uconn.edu FU ONR In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR); Office of Naval Research [N000014-13-1-0231]; ARO [W911NF-10-1-0369]; ONR [N00014-10-1-0029] FX Steven Bordonaro was supported by ONR In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR). Peter Willett was supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract N000014-13-1-0231. Yaakov Bar Shalom was supported under ARO W911NF-10-1-0369 and ONR N00014-10-1-0029. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-2390-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2013 BP 1751 EP 1755 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB2HD UT WOS:000341772900317 ER PT S AU Romero, RA AF Romero, Ric A. BE Matthews, MB TI Detection Performance of Matched Transmit Waveform for Moving Extended Targets SO 2013 ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Extended Target; Moving Target; Eigenwaveform; Cognitive Radar; Waveform Design; Matched Waveform ID DESIGN AB Depending on the radar-target dynamics, the time extent and amplitude of a moving extended target from a radar's perspective may actually change as a function of relative motion. It follows that waveform design should accommodate for the increase or decrease of a target's time extent and changes in amplitude as the target moves towards or away from a radar or vice versa. This paper shows the performance gain and/or degradation of both matched transmit waveform (called eigenwaveform) and the classical wideband pulsed transmit waveform when the effect of motion on target's time extent and amplitude changes are considered. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Romero, RA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rnromero@nps.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-2390-8 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2013 BP 1956 EP 1960 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB2HD UT WOS:000341772900354 ER PT S AU Trautz, K Jenkins, P Walters, R Scheiman, D Hoheisel, R Tatavarti, R Chan, R Miyamoto, H Adams, J Elarde, V Stender, C Hains, A McPheeters, C Youtsey, C Pan, N Osowski, M AF Trautz, Kelly Jenkins, Phillip Walters, Robert Scheiman, David Hoheisel, Raymond Tatavarti, Rao Chan, Ray Miyamoto, Haruki Adams, Jessica Elarde, Victor Stender, Christopher Hains, Alexander McPheeters, Claiborne Youtsey, Chris Pan, Noren Osowski, Mark GP IEEE TI High Efficiency Flexible Solar Panels SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE Solar Cell; Solar Power Generation; Batteries; Photovoltaic Systems AB The military's need to reduce both fuel and battery resupply is a real time requirement for increasing combat effectiveness and decreasing vulnerability. Mobile photovoltaics (PV) are a technology that can address these needs by leveraging emerging, flexible space photovoltaic technology. In this ongoing project, the development and production of a semi-rigid, lightweight, efficient solar blanket with the ability to mount on, or stow in, a backpack and recharge a warfighter's battery was undertaken. The blanket consists of a 10 x 3 solar array of 20 cm(2) epitaxial lift-off (ELO) solar cells. In the first two phases of the project, single-junction cells with an efficiency of similar to 21% under AM1.5G illumination were used. Several of these systems were outfitted during Limited Objective Experiments (LOE) in February 2012 and August 2012. In the third and most current phase of this project, the panels will be made from IMM triple-junction cells with an efficiency of 28-30% under AM1.5G illumination. The results of laboratory tests of the new prototypes, as well as a test plan and expected outcome for a field experiment are presented here. C1 [Trautz, Kelly; Jenkins, Phillip; Walters, Robert; Scheiman, David] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Hoheisel, Raymond] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Tatavarti, Rao; Chan, Ray; Miyamoto, Haruki; Adams, Jessica; Elarde, Victor; Stender, Christopher; Hains, Alexander; McPheeters, Claiborne; Youtsey, Chris; Pan, Noren; Osowski, Mark] MicroLink Devices Inc, Niles, IL USA. RP Trautz, K (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 115 EP 119 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100026 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, M Lumb, MP Yakes, MK Bailey, CG Tischler, JG Hoheisel, R Abell, J Vurgaftman, I Meyer, J Maximenko, S Jenkins, PP Molina, SI Delgado-Gonzalez, FJ Bahena, D Ponce, A Adams, JGJ Fuhrer, M Ekins-Daukes, N Walters, RJ AF Gonzalez, M. Lumb, M. P. Yakes, M. K. Bailey, C. G. Tischler, J. G. Hoheisel, R. Abell, J. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. Maximenko, S. Jenkins, P. P. Molina, S. I. Delgado-Gonzalez, F. J. Bahena, D. Ponce, A. Adams, J. G. J. Fuhrer, M. Ekins-Daukes, N. Walters, R. J. GP IEEE TI Towards High Efficiency Multi-Junction Solar Cells Grown on InP Substrates SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE Multi-junction; InP; Quantum Wells; High Efficiency AB Progress toward the development of multi-junction solar cells grown on InP substrates is presented. In this material system, the optimal bandgaps for solar energy conversion are attained while the multi-junction structure is realized under lattice matched conditions. In this work, results for the characterization of material and devices of the individual sub cells are shown. For the top cell, InAlAsSb quaternary material is being developed. For the middle, InGaAsP and InGaAlAs are studied, and for the bottom, InGaAs will provide the possibility of adding multiple quantum wells for fine bandgap tunability. In addition, we will discuss electrical characterization of the tunnel diodes. C1 [Gonzalez, M.] Sotera Def Solut, 430 Business Pkwy,Suite 100, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Lumb, M. P.; Hoheisel, R.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Yakes, M. K.; Tischler, J. G.; Abell, J.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J.; Maximenko, S.; Jenkins, P. P.; Walters, R. J.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bailey, C. G.; Molina, S. I.] US Navy, Res Lab, NRC Post Doc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Delgado-Gonzalez, F. J.] Univ Cadiz, INNANOMAT Grp, Dpto Ciencia Mat & IMQI, E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain. [Bahena, D.; Ponce, A.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Adams, J. G. J.] MicroLink Devices Inc, Niles, IL 60714 USA. [Fuhrer, M.; Ekins-Daukes, N.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. RP Gonzalez, M (reprint author), Sotera Def Solut, 430 Business Pkwy,Suite 100, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. RI Molina, Sergio/A-8241-2008; Ponce Pedraza, Arturo/L-4712-2013 OI Molina, Sergio/0000-0002-5221-2852; Ponce Pedraza, Arturo/0000-0001-5529-6468 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 145 EP 148 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100031 ER PT S AU Frantz, JA Myers, JD Bekele, RY Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS AF Frantz, Jesse A. Myers, Jason D. Bekele, Robel Y. Nguyen, Vinh Q. Sanghera, Jas S. GP IEEE TI The Effects of In2Se3 Wetting Layers on Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 Thin Films and Devices SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE copper compounds; photovoltaic cells; solar energy; sputtering; thin film devices; thin films AB Thin films of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) are grown on substrates coated with thin (10-60 nm) In2Se3 wetting layers. The In2Se3 changes the surface energy of the substrate, impacting nucleation and grain growth of the CIGS. Films at various stages of growth are evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The March-Dollase approach is applied to quantify the degree of preferred orientation at each stage. Devices are fabricated using full thickness films deposited both with and without wetting layers. The morphology changes markedly in the presence of the wetting layer, even while the degree of preferred orientation and device properties remain relatively unchanged. These results offer one possible explanation for the variation in morphology that is seen in the literature, even while performance characteristics remain relatively constant among various laboratories and deposition methods. C1 [Frantz, Jesse A.; Myers, Jason D.; Nguyen, Vinh Q.; Sanghera, Jas S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bekele, Robel Y.] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Frantz, JA (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research and Sunlight Photonics, Inc. FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Office of Naval Research and Sunlight Photonics, Inc. We also thank Dr. Syed Qadri and Michael Hunt for their assistance with interpretation of the XRD data. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 376 EP 379 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100086 ER PT S AU Myers, JD Frantz, JA Bekele, RY Qadri, SB Sanghera, JS AF Myers, Jason D. Frantz, Jesse A. Bekele, Robel Y. Qadri, Syed B. Sanghera, Jas S. GP IEEE TI Nucleation, Growth, and Orientation Analysis of Quaternary-Sputtered Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE thin films; semiconductor growth; sputtering; x-ray diffraction; scanning electron microscopy ID FILM SOLAR-CELLS; PREFERRED ORIENTATION; THIN-FILMS; BACK CONTACT; EFFICIENCY AB Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 films of various thicknesses were deposited from a single quaternary sputtering target and evaluated using x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Strong evidence of Volmer-Weber growth is observed, with the bare molybdenum bottom contact still observable after 600 seconds of growth and a nominal film thickness of similar to 100 nm. X-ray diffraction characterization reveals that the degree of preferred orientation increases with additional growth time, indicating film reorganization and preferential adherence of deposited species. Further, the degree of preferred orientation decreases with the age of the sputtering target, making this a possible technique to monitor the remaining target lifetime. C1 [Myers, Jason D.; Frantz, Jesse A.; Qadri, Syed B.; Sanghera, Jas S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bekele, Robel Y.] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Myers, JD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research and Sunlight Photonics FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Office of Naval Research and Sunlight Photonics. We further thank Dr. Vinh Nguyen for his expertise in material batching and Michael Hunt for his assistance with XRD. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 402 EP 404 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100092 ER PT S AU Lumb, MP Bailey, CG Adams, JGJ Hillier, G Tuminello, F Elarde, VC Walters, RJ AF Lumb, Matthew P. Bailey, Christopher G. Adams, Jessica G. J. Hillier, Glen Tuminello, Francis Elarde, Victor C. Walters, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Analytical drift-diffusion modeling of GaAs solar cells incorporating a back mirror SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE Semiconductor device modeling; Photovoltaic cells; Reflection ID FRONT-SURFACE-FIELD; EFFICIENCY; SIMULATION; COHERENT AB In this work we extend the analytical drift-diffusion model, or Hovel model, to model the electrical characteristics of solar cells incorporating a back mirror. We use a compact summation approach to derive modified optical generation functions in homojunction solar cells, considering both coherent and incoherent reflections from the back reflector. We use the model to simulate the performance of a real GaAs solar cell device fabricated using an epitaxial-lift-off procedure, demonstrating excellent agreement between the simulated and measured characteristics. We also calculate the performance of the same solar cell with different back reflectors, including metal mirrors and a distributed Bragg reflector. C1 [Lumb, Matthew P.; Bailey, Christopher G.; Walters, Robert J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lumb, Matthew P.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Adams, Jessica G. J.; Hillier, Glen; Tuminello, Francis; Elarde, Victor C.] MicroLink Devices, Niles, IL 60714 USA. RP Lumb, MP (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors are extremely grateful to Dr. I. Vurgaftman and Dr. M. Gonzalez for many helpful discussions and suggestions during in the preparation of this paper. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 1063 EP 1068 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100235 ER PT S AU Yoon, W Townsend, TK Lumb, MP Tischler, JG Foos, EE AF Yoon, W. Townsend, T. K. Lumb, M. P. Tischler, J. G. Foos, E. E. GP IEEE TI Solution-deposited CdTe Nanocrystal Thin-films for Heterojunction Solar Cells SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE CdTe; nanocrystal; solution process heterojunction; buffer; photovoltaic devices; solar cells ID LAYER AB In this work, we develop a heterojunction solar cell using solution-based CdTe and CdSe deposition techniques. For the p-type absorber layer, CdTe thin-films were made using a layer-by-layer deposition process consisting of spin or spray coated colloidal CdTe nanocrystals followed by a sintering step. Among various buffer materials, we focus on CdSe nanocrystal thin-films due to excellent compatibility with solution processing. For the CdSe/CdTe heterojunction devices (Glass/ITO/CdSe/CdTe/Au) fabricated through spray processing, an improved open-circuit voltage of 549 +/- 8 mV with a fill factor of 50.1 +/- 1.3% was obtained under simulated one sun illumination, compared to the device with spin coating of CdTe. While the efficiency of the spray deposited device needs to be further improved, we demonstrate that spray-deposition has a potential to produce high junction quality for an efficient heterojunction solar cell. C1 [Yoon, W.; Townsend, T. K.; Lumb, M. P.; Tischler, J. G.; Foos, E. E.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yoon, W (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 1098 EP 1100 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100243 ER PT S AU Lumb, MP Yoon, W Bailey, CG Scheiman, D Tischler, JG Walters, RJ AF Lumb, Matthew P. Yoon, Woojun Bailey, Christopher G. Scheiman, David Tischler, Joseph G. Walters, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Modeling and analysis of multicolored anti-reflection coatings with high transmittance for different solar cell materials SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE Antireflection Coatings; Colorimetry ID SILICON; FILMS AB In this work solar cell anti-reflection coatings tuned to give a specific hue under solar illumination are investigated. We demonstrate that it is possible to form patterned coatings with large color contrast and high transmittance. We use colorimetric and thin film optics models to explore the relationship between the color and performance of bilayer anti-reflection coatings on crystalline Si, amorphous Si and GaAs. The colorimetric predictions were verified by measuring a series of coatings deposited on Si substrates. Finally, a patterned Si sample was produced using a simple, low-cost photolithography procedure to selectively etch only the top layer of a bilayer coating to demonstrate a high-performance anti-reflection coating with strong color contrast. C1 [Lumb, Matthew P.; Yoon, Woojun; Bailey, Christopher G.; Scheiman, David; Tischler, Joseph G.; Walters, Robert J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lumb, MP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 1888 EP 1893 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100421 ER PT S AU Bekele, RY Frantz, JA Myers, JD Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Bruce, A Frolov, SV Cyrus, M AF Bekele, R. Y. Frantz, J. A. Myers, J. D. Nguyen, V. Q. Sanghera, J. S. Bruce, A. Frolov, S. V. Cyrus, M. GP IEEE TI CIGS Sputtering Targets Fabricated From Reclaimed Materials SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE copper compounds; photovoltaic cells; thin film devices; recycling; sputtering; etching ID CU(IN,GA)SE-2; SELENIZATION AB The development of techniques to sputter Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films from a single quaternary target has the potential to make industrial scale fabrication of large area thin-film photovoltaic (PV) devices possible due to sputtering's well established ability to deposit uniform films over large areas. However, sputtering has the disadvantage that much of the target material becomes waste. Material is preferentially consumed from a "racetrack" that forms a ring on the target. Once this racetrack consumes enough material to reach the backing plate the target must be replaced even though there is still plenty of unused material in the other regions of the target. In this work we present a technique to reclaim the material in the spent targets and use them to make new targets that produce PV devices with equal efficiencies as devices made freshly batched targets. C1 [Bekele, R. Y.] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Frantz, J. A.; Myers, J. D.; Nguyen, V. Q.; Sanghera, J. S.] US Naval Acad, Washington, DC 21402 USA. [Bruce, A.; Frolov, S. V.; Cyrus, M.] Sunlight Photon Inc, South Plainfield, NJ USA. RP Bekele, RY (reprint author), Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 1938 EP 1940 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100433 ER PT S AU Yakes, MK Lumb, MP Bailey, CG Gonzalez, M Walters, RJ AF Yakes, Michael K. Lumb, Matthew P. Bailey, Christopher G. Gonzalez, Maria Walters, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Strain Balanced Double Quantum Well Tunnel Junctions SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE tunnel junction; III-V multijunction solar cells; quantum wells; strain balancing ID MULTIJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; V COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS AB Quantum well tunnel junctions have been shown to improve the performance of tunnel junctions within a concentrator solar cell with low absorption loss. In this work, we have demonstrated a strain balanced quantum well which may be used to incorporate materials within the tunnel junction which have more desirable bandgaps without any degradation in material properties. Our strained InAlAs/InGaAs QWTJ strain balanced to an InP substrate shows dramatically improved performance improvement over the baseline device in peak tunneling current and a 45,000x improvement in differential resistance. C1 [Yakes, Michael K.; Lumb, Matthew P.; Bailey, Christopher G.; Gonzalez, Maria; Walters, Robert J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yakes, MK (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 2147 EP 2150 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100483 ER PT S AU Maximenko, SI Messenger, SR Hoheisel, R Scheiman, D Gonzalez, M Lorentzen, J Jenkins, PP Walters, RJ AF Maximenko, S. I. Messenger, S. R. Hoheisel, R. Scheiman, D. Gonzalez, M. Lorentzen, J. Jenkins, P. P. Walters, R. J. GP IEEE TI Characterization Of High Fluence Irradiations On Advanced Triple Junction Solar Cells SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE Multijunction solar cells; SEM; diffusion length; irradiation damage AB Reported is the characterization of irradiated InGaP2/GaAs/Ge multijunction (MJ) solar cells using the cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging/spectroscopy and electron beam induced current (EBIC) modes of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These techniques were applied to verify the influence of radiation damage on the optoelectronic properties of each subcell in the monolithic triple junction structure and correlate them with the illuminated (AM0, 1 sun, 25 degrees C) current-voltage (IV) and quantum efficiency (QE) characteristics. C1 [Maximenko, S. I.; Messenger, S. R.; Scheiman, D.; Lorentzen, J.; Jenkins, P. P.; Walters, R. J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hoheisel, R.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Gonzalez, M.] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis, MD 20701 USA. RP Maximenko, SI (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 2797 EP 2800 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100637 ER PT S AU Wrosch, M Walmsley, N Stern, T Hausgen, P Wilt, D Jenkins, P AF Wrosch, Matthew Walmsley, Nicholas Stern, Theodore Hausgen, Paul Wilt, David Jenkins, Phillip GP IEEE TI Laminated Solar Panels for Space Using Multi-Cell Transparent Covers SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE solar cell assembly; encapsulated solar panels; inverted metamorphic cells; space environmental durability AB An approach to laying down, interconnecting, and encapsulating a space solar panel module is described that uses large-area multi-cell transparent covers. Coverglass replacement materials were evaluated and tested in a variety of environments, including a flight test on MISSE-7, and found to be durable in the LEO environment, with approaches to extending durability to GEO and other high radiation environments. The multi-cell cover approach enables assembling advanced cells, such as IMM, into a thin array using a laminating approach that implements co-planar front contact cells with thermosonic wire bonding interconnection. Coupons of the encapsulated panels were fabricated and found to have good durability in thermal cycling. C1 [Wrosch, Matthew; Walmsley, Nicholas; Stern, Theodore] Vanguard Space Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Hausgen, Paul; Wilt, David] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Jenkins, Phillip] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Wrosch, M (reprint author), Vanguard Space Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate and the Naval Research Laboratory NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 2809 EP 2811 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100640 ER PT S AU Warner, JH Messenger, SR Walters, RJ Hoheisel, R Romero, MJ AF Warner, Jeffrey H. Messenger, Scott R. Walters, Robert J. Hoheisel, Raymond Romero, Manuel J. GP IEEE TI Cathodoluminescence Study of Irradiated p(+)n GaAs Solar Cells SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon ID DAMAGE; LIFETIME; DIODES AB In this paper, cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra were measured on p(+)n GaAs solar cells after irradiation by protons at different fluences and energies. A damage constant (tau K-0(tau)) is determined at each proton energy by monitoring changes in the emitted CL intensity. The energy dependence of the CL damage constant is compared with the calculations of nonionizing energy loss (NIEL). It was found that the energy dependence of the CL damage constant closely tracks that for the open circuit voltage. C1 [Warner, Jeffrey H.; Messenger, Scott R.; Walters, Robert J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hoheisel, Raymond] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Romero, Manuel J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 2816 EP 2820 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100642 ER PT S AU Wilt, D Snyder, N Jenkins, P Gray, A AF Wilt, David Snyder, Neil Jenkins, Phillip Gray, Andy GP IEEE TI Novel Flexible Solar Cell Coverglass for Space Photovoltaic Devices SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon AB A flexible space solar cell coverglass replacement called Pseudomorphic Glass (PMG) has been under investigation in hopes of providing a robust, high transmissivity replacement for conventional coverglass. PMG is composed of ceria doped borosilicate or fused silica beads incorporated in a variety of polymer matrices. The glass beads provide the primary radiation protection and the polymer matrix provides the mechanical integrity. PMG development has recently focused on optimization of optical performance (transmissivity and scattering), bead material and development of optical coatings C1 [Wilt, David] Air Force Res Lab Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87116 USA. [Snyder, Neil] Schafer Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. [Jenkins, Phillip] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Gray, Andy] Qioptiq, Bodelwyddan, England. RP Wilt, D (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87116 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 2835 EP 2839 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100646 ER PT S AU Jenkins, PP Bentz, DC Barnds, J Binz, CR Messenger, SR Warner, JH Krasowski, MJ Prokop, NF Spina, DC O'Neill, M Eskenazi, M Brandhorst, HW Downard, E Crist, KC AF Jenkins, Phillip P. Bentz, Douglas C. Barnds, Jim Binz, Christopher R. Messenger, Scott R. Warner, Jeffrey H. Krasowski, Michael J. Prokop, Norman F. Spina, Dan C. O'Neill, Mark Eskenazi, Michael Brandhorst, Henry W. Downard, Eric Crist, Kevin C. GP IEEE TI Initial Results from the TacSat-4 Solar Cell Experiment SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE radiation effects; photovoltaic cells AB The TacSat-4 spacecraft carries a solar cell experiment characterizing a string of 3 triple-junction 1-sun solar cells and a string of triple junction solar cells under a flexible, linear Fresnel lens providing approximately 6 times solar concentration. TacSat-4 flies in a highly elliptical, four hour orbit, passing through proton and electron radiation belts 12 times per day. The damage to solar cells in this environment is severe. In this paper we examine the solar cell damage rates of the two solar cell strings. C1 [Jenkins, Phillip P.; Barnds, Jim; Binz, Christopher R.; Messenger, Scott R.; Warner, Jeffrey H.] US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bentz, Douglas C.] S GSS, West Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. [Krasowski, Michael J.; Prokop, Norman F.; Spina, Dan C.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [O'Neill, Mark] LLC, Keller, TX 76244 USA. [Eskenazi, Michael] ATK Space, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Brandhorst, Henry W.] LLC, Carbon Free Energy, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Downard, Eric; Crist, Kevin C.] EMCORE Photovolta, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Jenkins, PP (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU The Office of Naval Research (ONR); Office of Force Transformation (OFT); Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) FX The Office of Naval Research (ONR) sponsored the TSCE payload, as well as the TacSat-4 mission. Additionally, the Office of Force Transformation (OFT) and Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) Office sponsored portions of TacSat-4 development and operations. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 3108 EP 3111 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100701 ER PT S AU Likari, J Okumura, T Iwai, S Stone, SE Gasner, S Jenkins, PP Trautz, K Cho, M Lombardi, RE Toyoda, K AF Likari, Justin Okumura, Teppei Iwai, Shunsuke Stone, Stephen E. Gasner, Steve Jenkins, Phillip P. Trautz, Kelly Cho, Mengu Lombardi, Robert E. Toyoda, Kazuhiro GP IEEE TI Initial Results from Primary Arc effects on Solar Cells At LEO (PASCAL) Flight Experiment SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE spacecraft charging AB Repeated low power, or primary arcing, may adversely affect the performance of space solar cells. The cumulative effects of primary arcing on common solar cell performance parameters has been the subject of numerous ground studies in simulated plasma environments. The Primary Arc effects on Solar Cells At LEO (PASCAL) flight experiment is presently active aboard in the International Space Station (ISS) and characterizing such effects in-orbit for numerous state-of-the-art space solar cells with initial results presented herein. C1 [Likari, Justin; Stone, Stephen E.; Lombardi, Robert E.] Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Newtown, PA 18940 USA. [Okumura, Teppei] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. [Iwai, Shunsuke; Cho, Mengu; Toyoda, Kazuhiro] Kyushu Inst Technol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan. [Gasner, Steve] Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Sunnyvale, CA USA. [Jenkins, Phillip P.; Trautz, Kelly] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Likari, J (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Newtown, PA 18940 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 3112 EP 3114 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100702 ER PT S AU Messenger, SR Hoheise, R Lorentzen, J Scheiman, D Warner, JH Gonzalez, M Jenkins, PP AF Messenger, S. R. Hoheise, R. Lorentzen, J. Scheiman, D. Warner, J. H. Gonzalez, M. Jenkins, P. P. GP IEEE TI High Fluence Irradiations on Triple Junction Solar Cells SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE multijunction solar cells; radiation effects; displacement damage dose ID DEGRADATION AB Triple junction GaInP/InGaAs/Ge solar cells were irradiated with 3 MeV protons to extreme fluences as high as 10(15) p(+)/cm(2). In this paper, IV and QE results will be presented and a model will be developed to explain the radiation behavior. A carrier removal damage mechanism is evident which actually aids in the radiation hardness of these devices. C1 [Messenger, S. R.; Lorentzen, J.; Scheiman, D.; Warner, J. H.; Jenkins, P. P.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hoheise, R.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Gonzalez, M.] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 3121 EP 3127 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100704 ER PT S AU Forbes, DV Bailey, C Polly, SJ Podelll, A Hubbard, SM AF Forbes, David V. Bailey, Christopher Polly, Stephen J. Podelll, Adam Hubbard, Seth M. GP IEEE TI The Effect of GaAs Capping Layer Thickness on Quantum Dot Solar Cell Performance SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE bandgap engineering; GaAs; III-V nanostructures; photovoltaic cell; quantum dot ID EFFICIENCY AB The use of nanostructures such as quantum dots (QD) offers tremendous potential to realize high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) cells. The optimization of the electronic structure of the layers within the QD region should lead to improved PV performance. This includes the QD layer itself, but also the surrounding barrier and/or strain balancing layers that comprise the QD active region. In this paper, the effect of the GaAs capping layer thickness (i.e. the first layer grown following QD) on the optoelectronic properties of InAs QDs was investigated. The GaAs capping layer plays a crucial role in the physical and optoelectronic properties of the QD. The GaAs capping thickness strongly modifies the InAs QD wavelength and also enhances the QD emission relative to the wetting layer (WL) emission. This behavior implies a suppression of WL emission that is thought to be a drawback to high-efficiency photovoltaic performance. In the final paper, we investigate how this WL PL-suppression affects the performance of QD-enhanced GaAs single junction solar cell performance. C1 [Forbes, David V.; Polly, Stephen J.; Podelll, Adam; Hubbard, Seth M.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Bailey, Christopher] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Forbes, DV (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RI Polly, Stephen/C-1776-2015 OI Polly, Stephen/0000-0002-7563-6738 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 3203 EP 3207 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100718 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, M Hoheisel, R Lumb, MP Scheiman, DA Bailey, CG Lorentzen, J Maximenko, S Messenger, SR Jenkins, PP Tibbits, TND Imaizumi, M Ohshima, T Sato, S Walters, RJ AF Gonzalez, M. Hoheisel, R. Lumb, M. P. Scheiman, D. A. Bailey, C. G. Lorentzen, J. Maximenko, S. Messenger, S. R. Jenkins, P. P. Tibbits, T. N. D. Imaizumi, M. Ohshima, T. Sato, S. Walters, R. J. GP IEEE TI Radiation Study in Quantum Well III-V Multi-Junction Solar Cells SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE Space; Radiation; Electron; Proton; III-V; Multi-Junction; Multi-Quantum Well; MQW; Solar cells AB The effect of particle radiation in multi quantum well (MQW) multi-junction InGaP/MQW-InGaAs/Ge solar cells was studied. For comparison purposes, and to identify the origin of the degradation, the same study was performed in the correspondent iso-type cells. Results show that under 1MeV electron irradiation the MQW-middle junction dictates the degradation of the triple junction cell. Alternative, more radiation hard, designs are presented. C1 [Gonzalez, M.] Sotera Def Solut, 430 Business Pkwy,Suite 100, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Gonzalez, M.; Hoheisel, R.; Lumb, M. P.; Lorentzen, J.; Maximenko, S.; Messenger, S. R.; Jenkins, P. P.; Walters, R. J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hoheisel, R.; Lumb, M. P.; Scheiman, D. A.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Bailey, C. G.] US Naval Res Lab, NRC Post Doc Residing, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tibbits, T. N. D.] QuantaSol Ltd, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey, England. [Imaizumi, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Ohshima, T.; Sato, S.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy JAEA, Takasaki, Gumma 3701292, Japan. RP Gonzalez, M (reprint author), Sotera Def Solut, 430 Business Pkwy,Suite 100, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 3233 EP 3236 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100725 ER PT J AU Jones, DE Hammond, P Platoni, K AF Jones, David E. Hammond, Patricia Platoni, Kathy TI Traumatic Event Management in Afghanistan: A Field Report on Combat Applications in Regional Command-South SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material AB This article provides information on the use of Traumatic Event Management (TEM) strategies to debrief combat arms personnel whose units sustained traumatic losses in Afghanistan. The specific focus is on the application of Event-Driven Battlemind Psychological Debriefings to combat units. This article offers the first published account of TEM services employed in southern Afghanistan during intensive surge operations in 2009-2010. This article unfolds in three parts: (1) background to the region in which the debriefings occurred; (2) three case examples with a data summary of types of incidents observed; and (3) discussion of observations, lessons learned, and recommendations for training future clinicians to provide effective debriefings to combat arms personnel. C1 [Jones, David E.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Hammond, Patricia] US Army, John F Kennedy Special Warfare Ctr & Sch, ATTN AOJK GRP, Stop Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. [Platoni, Kathy] Armed Forces Reserve Ctr, Madison, WI 53704 USA. RP Jones, DE (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 178 IS 1 BP 4 EP 10 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00070 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7TV UT WOS:000340804800006 PM 23356111 ER PT J AU Trone, DW Cipriani, DJ Raman, R Wingard, DL Shaffer, RA Macera, CA AF Trone, Daniel W. Cipriani, Daniel J. Raman, Rema Wingard, Deborah L. Shaffer, Richard A. Macera, Caroline A. TI The Association of Self-Reported Measures With Poor Training Outcomes Among Male and Female U.S. Navy Recruits SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXERCISE-RELATED INJURIES; STRESS-FRACTURES; RISK-FACTORS; MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES; YOUNG MEN; MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BONE-DENSITY; ARMY; PREDICTORS AB This prospective study evaluated the association of self-reported health habits and behaviors in 2,930 Navy recruits with poor training outcomes, defined as graduating late or separating from training. Although 17% of the men and 21% of the women had a poor training outcome, results suggest that some self-reported measures were associated with poor training outcomes. Men who did not run or jog at least 1 month before basic training or had a previous lower limb injury without complete recovery and women reporting the same or less physical activity compared with their same-age counterparts were more likely to have a poor training outcome. An important first step in decreasing poor training outcomes is encouraging incoming recruits to participate in physical activity and taking steps to identify and rehabilitate recruits who are not completely healed from a lower limb musculoskeletal injury before reporting to basic training. C1 [Trone, Daniel W.; Shaffer, Richard A.; Macera, Caroline A.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Trone, Daniel W.; Wingard, Deborah L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Epidemiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Trone, Daniel W.; Macera, Caroline A.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Cipriani, Daniel J.] Chapman Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [Raman, Rema] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Biostat & Bioinformat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Trone, DW (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 178 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00271 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7TV UT WOS:000340804800013 PM 23356118 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK AF Taylor, Marcus K. TI Dehydroepiandrosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: Anabolic, Neuroprotective, and Neuroexcitatory Properties in Military Men SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SALIVARY ALPHA-AMYLASE; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; ADRENERGIC ACTIVITY; STRESS; RECEPTOR; CORTICOSTERONE; DHEA; HIPPOCAMPAL; RAT; METABOLITES AB Evidence links dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) to crucial military health issues, including operational stress, resilience, and traumatic brain injury. This study evaluated the anabolic, neuroprotective, and neuroexcitatory properties of DHEA(S) in healthy military men. A salivary sample was obtained from 42 men and assayed for DHEA(S), testosterone, nerve growth factor (NGF; which supports nerve cell proliferation), and salivary alpha amylase (sAA; a proxy of sympathetic nervous system function). Separate regression analyses were conducted with DHEA and DHEAS as independent variables, and testosterone, NGF, and sAA as dependent variables, respectively. The models explained 23.4% of variance in testosterone (p < 0.01), 17.2% of variance in NGF (p < 0.01), and 7.4% of variance in sAA (p = 0.09). Standardized beta coefficients revealed that DHEA independently influenced testosterone (beta = 0.40, p < 0.01), whereas DHEAS independently influenced NGF (beta = 0.48, p < 0.01) and sAA (beta = 0.36, p < 0.05). DHEA demonstrated anabolic properties, whereas DHEAS demonstrated neuroprotective and neuroexcitatory properties in military men. This area of study has broad implications for stress inoculation, traumatic brain injury rehabilitation, and regenerative medicine in military personnel. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, Behav Sci Lab, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, Behav Sci Lab, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [PB401] FX The author would like to thank Michelle LeWark for her editorial expertise. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, under Work Unit No. PB401. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 178 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00296 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7TV UT WOS:000340804800022 PM 23356127 ER PT J AU Glaser, DJ Rahman, AS Smith, KA Chan, DW AF Glaser, Darrell J. Rahman, Ahmed S. Smith, Katherine A. Chan, Daniel W. TI Product Differentiation and Consumer Surplus in the Microfinance Industry SO B E JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS & POLICY LA English DT Article DE microfinance; market concentration; Bertrand product differentiation ID COMPETITION; INSTITUTIONS; MARKET AB During the last 15 years, high repayment rates of up to 96% have drawn many new lending institutions to the microfinance industry. While a decade ago, the industry was dominated primarily by monopolies ostensibly focused on social welfare, the current market is filled with various types of financial institutions offering a variety of lending arrangements. The goal of this article is to capture the degree to which consumers have benefitted from these structural changes within the microfinance industry. Using a Bertrand differentiated product framework, wemodel the price setting and demand functions ofMicrofinance Institutions (MFIs). With a 7 year panel data set covering over 70 countries, we empirically estimate parameters of the Nash price equilibrium and simulate the shape and structure of the underlying demand equation. We use simulated demand parameters to derive and compare measures of consumers' surplus across regions and countries. Our research indicates that growth in the MFI industry has brought about declines in market concentration, and furthermore that each 0.01 unit change in the Hirschman-Herfindahl index correlates with a 2% increase in consumers' surplus. C1 [Glaser, Darrell J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Glaser, DJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd Mail Stop 10-D, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM dglaser@usna.edu; rahman@usna.edu; ksmith@usna.edu; danielcws@gmail.com NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1935-1682 J9 BE J ECON ANAL POLI JI B E J. Econ. Anal. Policy PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 991 EP 1022 DI 10.1515/bejeap-2012-0046 PG 32 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AN0RO UT WOS:000340291900017 ER PT J AU Pande, CS AF Pande, C. S. BE Srivatsan, TS Imam, MA Srinivasan, R TI FUNDAMENTALS OF FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION and PROPAGATION: SOME THOUGHTS SO FATIGUE OF MATERIALS II: ADVANCES AND EMERGENCES IN UNDERSTANDING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Fatigue of Materials - Advanced and Emergences in Understanding held during the Materials Science and Technology (MS and T) Meeting CY OCT 07-11, 2012 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mech Behav Mat Comm, ASM Int DE fatigue; metallic materials; dislocations; cracks shielding ID HIGH STRESS FATIGUE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DISLOCATION EMISSION; STAGE-I; GROWTH; MODEL; METALS; THRESHOLD; TIP; PLASTICITY AB The prediction of fatigue properties of structural materials is rightly recognized as one of the most important engineering problem. Therefore a basic understanding of the fundamental nature of fatigue crack initiation and growth in metals has long been a major scientific challenge starting with the first dislocation model of fatigue crack growth of Bilby et al. in 1963. For this purpose understanding the process of emission of dislocations from cracks, and determining precise expressions for the size of the plastic zone size, the crack-tip opening displacement and the energy release rate of the cracks are some of the major technical challenges. In this short paper we comment briefly on some of our important recent results obtained theoretically and by in-situ TEM studies and discuss how they may contribute to the understanding of the phenomena C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11852-093-2 PY 2013 BP 3 EP 15 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA9BJ UT WOS:000339099500001 ER PT J AU Imam, MA Pao, PS Bayles, RA AF Imam, M. Ashraf Pao, Peter S. Bayles, Robert A. BE Srivatsan, TS Imam, MA Srinivasan, R TI STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING AND FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOR OF TI-6AL-4V PLATES CONSOLIDATED FROM LOW COST POWDERS SO FATIGUE OF MATERIALS II: ADVANCES AND EMERGENCES IN UNDERSTANDING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Fatigue of Materials - Advanced and Emergences in Understanding held during the Materials Science and Technology (MS and T) Meeting CY OCT 07-11, 2012 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mech Behav Mat Comm, ASM Int DE Titanium alloy; Armstrong-process; hydride-process; stress-corrosion cracking; fatigue crack growth AB Titanium is highly desirable for a wide range of applications because of its combination of high strength, low density and outstanding corrosion characteristics. However, the cost of titanium, produced by conventional technology, is high compared to steel and aluminum, which is a result of high extraction and processing costs. New approaches are being investigated maintaining required quality while lowering the cost of finished products. Ti alloy powder, Ti-6Al-4V, manufactured by a low cost hydride-process and consolidated into flat products (sheet, plate), were studied. The results of the study were compared with the properties obtained from plates of Armstrong Titanium consolidated powder. To remove the prior history of consolidation, the plates are beta annealed and the test results are compared with "as received" condition. The mechanism of the fatigue crack growth rate difference, fracture toughness, and stress-corrosion cracking resistance in terms of the respective Ti-6Al-4V microstructure differences will be discussed. C1 [Imam, M. Ashraf; Pao, Peter S.; Bayles, Robert A.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Imam, MA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11852-093-2 PY 2013 BP 105 EP 1116 PG 1012 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA9BJ UT WOS:000339099500008 ER PT S AU Foley, MP Worosz, CJ Sweely, KD Haverhals, LM Henderson, WA De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Foley, M. P. Worosz, C. J. Sweely, K. D. Haverhals, L. M. Henderson, W. A. De Long, H. C. Trulove, P. C. BE Smart, MC Inaba, M Fenton, J Henderson, W Ue, M Doughty, DH Jow, TR Ishikawa, M Bugga, RV Tatsumi, K Lucht, B Trulove, PC TI Structure, Disorder, and Crystallization: Lessons Learned from Analysis of Lithium Trifluoromethanesulfonate SO LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES -AND- NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES FOR LITHIUM BATTERIES - PRIME 2012 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Lithium-Ion Batteries and Non-Aqueous Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Battery Div, Energy Technol Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div ID PHASE-BEHAVIOR; SOLVATION; TRIFLATE AB Batteries are one of the most impactful inventions humankind has ever developed. Lithium-ion energy cells represent a significant advance in battery technology. Electrolytes used in batteries are still not well understood in terms of solution structure. We investigate electrolyte solvate structure with the aid of differential scanning calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Here is a report on the solvate structure(s) present in mixtures of propylene carbonate (PC) and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTf). Mixtures of racemic PC with LiTf form glasses whereas enantiomerically pure PC, both R and S isomers, forms mixtures with more complex phase behavior. At concentrations approaching a 1:1 molar ratio of solvent to salt, a solvate that melts at similar to 150 degrees C was detected. A crystal of the 1:1 solvate of the R-(+)-PC:LiTf was successfully grown and analyzed by X-ray diffraction. This solvate has an aggregated structure where the Li+ cations are tetrahedrally coordinated. Three directions of coordination come from Tf- anions acting as a bridging ligand between three different Li+ cations and the 4th direction of coordination comes from the carbonyl oxygen of the solvent molecule. C1 [Foley, M. P.; Worosz, C. J.; Sweely, K. D.; Haverhals, L. M.; Trulove, P. C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Henderson, W. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [De Long, H. C.] Air Force Off Scientif Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Foley, MP (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0002169, DE-SC0001419] FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering which fully supported this research under Awards DE-SC0002169 and DE-SC0001419. We also wish to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, U.S. Naval Academy and North Carolina State University for personnel. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-414-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 50 IS 26 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1149/05026.0037ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BA8VT UT WOS:000338893200004 ER PT B AU Alspaugh, TA Asuncion, HU Scacchi, W AF Alspaugh, Thomas A. Asuncion, Hazeline U. Scacchi, Walt BE Jansen, S Brinkkemper, S Cusumano, MA TI The challenge of heterogeneously-licensed systems in open architecture software ecosystems SO SOFTWARE ECOSYSTEMS: ANALYZING AND MANAGING BUSINESS NETWORKS IN THE SOFTWARE INDUSTRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alspaugh, Thomas A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Inst Software Res, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Asuncion, Hazeline U.] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Alspaugh, Thomas A.] Naval Res Lab, Software Cost Reduct, Washington, DC USA. [Alspaugh, Thomas A.] Naval Res Lab, Project A 7, Washington, DC USA. [Asuncion, Hazeline U.] Univ Washington, Comp & Software Syst Program, Bothell, WA USA. [Asuncion, Hazeline U.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Comp Games & Virtual Worlds, Irvine, CA USA. [Asuncion, Hazeline U.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Alspaugh, TA (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Inst Software Res, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78195-563-5; 978-1-78195-562-8 PY 2013 BP 103 EP 120 D2 10.4337/9781781955635 PG 18 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BA7BN UT WOS:000337358000008 ER PT S AU Pomfret, MB Steinhurst, DA Owrutsky, JC AF Pomfret, Michael B. Steinhurst, Daniel A. Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. BE Kawada, T Singhal, SC TI Methanol as an Oxygenated SOFC Fuel: An in situ Optical Analysis of the Fuel Utilization Chemical Mechanism SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 13 (SOFC-XIII) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC-XIII) CY OCT 06-11, 2013 CL Okinawa, JAPAN SP Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc, High Temperature Mat, Battery & Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Dokiya Memorial Fund, Okinawa Convent & Visitors Bur, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit 70, Kajima Fdn, Tokuyama Sci Fdn, Suzuki Fdn, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn ID DIRECT-ALCOHOL; CELLS; ETHANOL; OXIDATION; ADSORPTION; EMISSION; SURFACES; PROPANE; GAS; CO2 AB Methanol utilization in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is studied with Fourier-transform IR emission spectroscopy and near-IR thermal imaging and the results are compared to the methane case. Adsorbed CO2 is identified on the anode surface of the SOFCs with both fuels. The stronger surface CO2 IR signal with methanol indicates more complete fuel oxidation. Methanol pyrolyzes to CO and H-2, resulting in less carbon deposition than methane. The current dependence of surface and gas-phase species show methanol pyrolysis is more efficient at higher temperatures. These results provide clear mechanistic insight into fuel breakdown and oxidation in SOFCs. C1 [Pomfret, Michael B.; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Steinhurst, Daniel A.] Nova Res, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Pomfret, MB (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX Support for this work was provided by the Office of Naval Research. The authors acknowledge David A. Kidwell at NRL for help with early development of this project, Robert A. Walker and John D. Kirtley at Montana State University, and Bryan W.Eichhorn at the University of Maryland College Park for helpful discussions. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-458-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 57 IS 1 BP 2903 EP 2912 DI 10.1149/05701.2903ecst PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BA8WZ UT WOS:000338989005041 ER PT S AU Jensen, KL Petillo, JJ Panagos, DN AF Jensen, Kevin L. Petillo, John J. Panagos, Dimitrios N. GP IEEE TI Thermal Field Emission from a Log-Normal Distribution: Impact on Space Charge and Emittance SO 2013 26TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVNC) SE International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) CY JUL 08-12, 2013 CL Roanoke, VA AB Emission from an array of dissimilar field emitters are known to produce non-uniform patterns that affect space charge forces within the electron beam produced, with consequences on emittance and transit time effects. To model variation, a semi-analytical Point Charge Model (PCM) gives rapid and analytical representations of tip current, variation, and emission statistics to be used in the MICHELLE Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code. A General Thermal-Field (GTF) emission model accounts for warm and hot field emission sources. The consequences of non-uniform space charge on emittance shall be investigated. C1 [Jensen, Kevin L.] Naval Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petillo, John J.; Panagos, Dimitrios N.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Code 6843, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM petilloj@saic.com RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Joint Technology Office and Office of Naval Research; JJP and DNP; SAIC IRD FX KLJ gratefully acknowledges partial support from the Joint Technology Office and Office of Naval Research. JJP and DNP gratefully acknowledge support by SAIC IR&D. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2164-2370 J9 INT VACUUM NANOELECT PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BA8GM UT WOS:000338080600012 ER PT S AU Shaw, JL Yater, JE Pate, BB Feygelson, TI Hanna, JM AF Shaw, J. L. Yater, J. E. Pate, B. B. Feygelson, T. I. Hanna, J. M. GP IEEE TI p-type Diamond Positive Surface Photo-voltage SO 2013 26TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVNC) SE International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) CY JUL 08-12, 2013 CL Roanoke, VA DE Diamond; Negative Electron Affinity; Surface Photovoltage; Surface Charge; Atomic Hydrogen AB We report a large positive surface photo-voltage for lightly boron doped (p-type) diamond illuminated with 21.2 eV photons after exposing the surface to atomic hydrogen. We have recorded positive shifts well in excess of the band gap energy. Because the photo-voltage in most p-type materials is negative, we argue the observed positive shift indicates a lack of electron accumulation at the surface, as might be expected when the electron affinity is negative. C1 [Shaw, J. L.; Yater, J. E.; Pate, B. B.; Feygelson, T. I.] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hanna, J. M.] Beam Wave Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Shaw, JL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010 OI Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2164-2370 J9 INT VACUUM NANOELECT PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BA8GM UT WOS:000338080600047 ER PT S AU Yater, JE Shaw, JL Jensen, KL Wood, F Pate, BB Feygelson, T AF Yater, Joan E. Shaw, Jonathan L. Jensen, Kevin L. Wood, Frank Pate, Bradford B. Feygelson, Tatyana GP IEEE TI Sub-gap Photo-enhanced Secondary Electron Emission from Single-crystal CVD Diamond SO 2013 26TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVNC) SE International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) CY JUL 08-12, 2013 CL Roanoke, VA DE secondary emission; diamond; negative electron affinity; band bending; photo-enhancement AB Secondary-electron-emission current measured from high-purity, single-crystal CVD diamond is found to increase when 3.1-eV photons are incident on the hydrogenated surface. Energy spectra indicate that the sub-gap illumination causes the band levels to shift in the bulk, thereby reducing the upwards band bending at the pinned surface. C1 [Yater, Joan E.; Shaw, Jonathan L.; Jensen, Kevin L.; Wood, Frank] Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pate, Bradford B.; Feygelson, Tatyana] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. RP Yater, JE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joan.yater@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015; Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680; Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2164-2370 J9 INT VACUUM NANOELECT PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BA8GM UT WOS:000338080600050 ER PT S AU Kota, N Qidwai, SM Lewis, AC DeGiorgi, VG AF Kota, N. Qidwai, S. M. Lewis, A. C. DeGiorgi, V. G. BE UrquidiMacdonald, M Taylor, CD Haruna, T TI Microstructure-Based Numerical Modeling of Pitting Corrosion in 316 Stainless Steel SO CORROSION, PASSIVITY, AND ENERGY: A SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF DIGBY D. MACDONALD SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ECS 3D Symposium on Corrosion, Passivity, and Energy - In Honor of Digby D. Macdonald CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP ECS, Corros Div ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION; LOCALIZED CORROSION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM; DISSOLUTION; RESISTANCE; PITS; CREVICE; ALLOYS AB Pitting involves localized corrosion of metals that can result in catastrophic events through crack initiation and failure. Beside the magnitude and mode of loading, the transition from pit to crack is also influenced by the pit shape, which in turn is affected by the microstructure of the corroding material. Thus, predicting the influence of microstructure on pit shape can assist in developing microstructures more resistant to stress corrosion cracking. This work presents numerical modeling of the stable pit growth based on direct incorporation of the actual microstructure in simulations. While many microstructural attributes can contribute towards corrosion, the current work focuses on the effects of the crystallographic orientation of the grains on pit growth through variation in corrosion potential with orientation. Two-dimensional simulation results show the strong influence of the crystallographic orientation on pit shapes and growth under the assumed 5% and 10% variation in corrosion potential, delineating the critical place of crystallographic orientation in pit growth to failure. C1 [Kota, N.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Qidwai, S. M.; Lewis, A. C.; DeGiorgi, V. G.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kota, N (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-419-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 50 IS 31 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1149/05031.0155ecst PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BA8FF UT WOS:000338035300014 ER PT S AU Williams, K Bayles, R Natishan, P Macdonald, DD AF Williams, K. Bayles, R. Natishan, P. Macdonald, D. D. BE UrquidiMacdonald, M Taylor, CD Haruna, T TI Mechanistic Evaluation of SCC in Sensitized and Unsensitized Specimens of AA5083 Using Localized Probing Techniques SO CORROSION, PASSIVITY, AND ENERGY: A SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF DIGBY D. MACDONALD SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ECS 3D Symposium on Corrosion, Passivity, and Energy - In Honor of Digby D. Macdonald CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP ECS, Corros Div ID STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; THIOSULFATE SOLUTION; 304-STAINLESS-STEEL; FATE AB When as-received or sensitized AA5083 are immersed in an electrolyte, a growing crack creates a galvanic couple with the external surfaces according to the differential aeration hypothesis. Monitoring the resulting "coupling current" yields information about the mechanisms of crack advance. The purpose of this study is to determine if the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) can be used to monitor the coupling current flowing through the solution from the crack to the external surfaces. If successful, this method, which maps potential as a function of probe position via a scanning vibrating probe (SVP), can be used to visualize and quantify the coupling current emanating from a growing stress corrosion crack in sensitized and unsensitized aluminum alloy samples to yield more localized information about the crack growth process. Preliminary feasibility studies were performed to map the current/potential in larger galvanic couples designed to simulate Cu-rich intermetallics dispersed in an aluminum matrix (as in the Cu-rich particles in AA2024 and Mg-rich intermetallics in AA5083). A fracture mechanics apparatus, designed to apply a known stress intensity, was employed to reveal the onset of subcritical crack growth. The final goal is to combine the typical fracture mechanics testing with the SVET and acoustic emissions. We report on the progress that has been made in designing a customized four-point bend, fracture mechanics device that allows for simultaneous loading and electrochemical mapping. Future work will report data gathered from in-situ electrochemical and acoustic emissions testing on pre-cracked AA5083 specimens. C1 [Williams, K.; Bayles, R.; Natishan, P.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Corros Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20038 USA. [Williams, K.; Macdonald, D. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Macdonald, D. D.] King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Ctr Res Excellence Corros, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. RP Williams, K (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Corros Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20038 USA. EM krystaufeux.williams@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL; NRL SCEP FX The author would like to acknowledge NRL and the NRL SCEP program for financial support. Also, Dr. Ronald Holtz is acknowledged for technical assistance. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-419-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 50 IS 31 BP 449 EP 455 DI 10.1149/05031.0449ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BA8FF UT WOS:000338035300036 ER PT S AU Huba, JD Khazanov, GV Schunk, RW AF Huba, J. D. Khazanov, G. V. Schunk, R. W. BE Huba, J Schunk, R Khazanov, G TI Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System Introduction SO MODELING THE IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE SYSTEM SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Modeling the Ionosphere/Thermosphere System CY MAY 06-12, 2011 CL Charleston, SC SP AGU C1 [Huba, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM huba@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-70441-7; 978-0-87590-490-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2013 VL 201 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1029/2013GM001453 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA8FV UT WOS:000338043600001 ER PT S AU Huba, JD Joyce, G AF Huba, J. D. Joyce, G. BE Huba, J Schunk, R Khazanov, G TI Numerical Methods in Modeling the Ionosphere SO MODELING THE IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE SYSTEM SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Modeling the Ionosphere/Thermosphere System CY MAY 06-12, 2011 CL Charleston, SC SP AGU AB A brief review of numerical methods used in ionospheric modeling is presented. We focus on two numerical schemes to solve the continuity and velocity equations of the ions along the geomagnetic field: the fully implicit method and the semiimplicit method. We describe each method in detail highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We compare and contrast simulation results for a simplified problem to illustrate their attributes. We also discuss two gridding systems used to model crossfield transport: Lagrangian (moving grid) and Eulerian (fixed grid). C1 [Huba, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Joyce, G.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM huba@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-70441-7; 978-0-87590-490-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2013 VL 201 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1029/2012GM001306 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA8FV UT WOS:000338043600006 ER PT S AU McDonald, SE Lean, JL Huba, JD Joyce, G Emmert, JT Drob, DP AF McDonald, S. E. Lean, J. L. Huba, J. D. Joyce, G. Emmert, J. T. Drob, D. P. BE Huba, J Schunk, R Khazanov, G TI Long-Term Simulations of the Ionosphere Using SAMI3 SO MODELING THE IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE SYSTEM SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Modeling the Ionosphere/Thermosphere System CY MAY 06-12, 2011 CL Charleston, SC SP AGU ID EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; DRIFTS AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is conducting an interdisciplinary physics-based space weather model development and validation program called the Integrated Sun-Earth System for the Operational Environment (ISES-OE). The goal of ISES-OE is to improve the quantitative understanding of the space environment, which can disrupt or degrade operational communications and navigation systems and, ultimately, to provide the ability to forecast space weather on multiple time scale, from hours to the 11 year solar cycle. The core ISES-OE model is Another Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI3), NRL's state-of-the-art ionosphere model. As a part of this program, a comprehensive, systematic validation of SAMI3's current capability was conducted to specify the midlatitude to low-latitude ionosphere and its response to heliospheric forcing and thermospheric oscillations. An ensemble of simulation runs is generated using SAMI3 for the solar and geomagnetic conditions during the Whole Heliosphere Interval 2008. The simulations are driven with a solar irradiance model based on Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)/Solar EUV Experiment measurements and with daily Ap and F10.7 indices. Thermospheric conditions are specified with NRL's empirical models of the neutral composition and temperature (NRLMSISE-00) and the neutral wind (HWM07). Various input parameters are selected or held constant to quantify their effects on the ionosphere. Additionally, simulations are performed using both empirical electric fields and self-consistently calculated fields. Simulation results are compared with ground-and space-based observations, including ionosondes and GPS-derived global total electron content maps; we illustrate how we are using such comparisons for model validation. Initial results of a multiyear run of SAMI3 over the descending phase of Solar Cycle 23 (2002-2008) are also shown. C1 [McDonald, S. E.; Lean, J. L.; Emmert, J. T.; Drob, D. P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Huba, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Columbia, MD USA. [Joyce, G.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP McDonald, SE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sarah.mcdonald@nrl.navy.mil OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-70441-7; 978-0-87590-490-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2013 VL 201 BP 119 EP 131 DI 10.1029/2012GM001301 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA8FV UT WOS:000338043600012 ER PT S AU Fang, TW Anderson, D Fuller-Rowell, T Akmaev, R Codrescu, M Millward, G Sojka, J Scherliess, L Eccles, V Retterer, J Huba, J Joyce, G Richmond, A Maute, A Crowley, G Ridley, A Vichare, G AF Fang, Tzu-Wei Anderson, David Fuller-Rowell, Tim Akmaev, Rashid Codrescu, Mihail Millward, George Sojka, Jan Scherliess, Ludger Eccles, Vince Retterer, John Huba, Joe Joyce, Glenn Richmond, Art Maute, Astrid Crowley, Geoff Ridley, Aaron Vichare, Geeta BE Huba, J Schunk, R Khazanov, G TI Comparative Studies of Theoretical Models in the Equatorial Ionosphere SO MODELING THE IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE SYSTEM SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Modeling the Ionosphere/Thermosphere System CY MAY 06-12, 2011 CL Charleston, SC SP AGU ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COUPLED ELECTRODYNAMICS; THERMOSPHERE MODEL; PARAMETERS; ATMOSPHERE; MINIMUM; DRIFTS AB Two sets of ionospheric models including six non-self-consistent models and five self-consistent models were compared with ionosonde data and the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). The comparisons were focused on the low latitudes in March equinox under quiet geomagnetic activity and moderate solar activity (F-10.7 = 120). We compared the NmF2 and h(m)F(2) from all theoretical models, the IRI, and observations at four different LTs at equatorial region in the American sector (75 W). For the non-self-consistent model, we further compared simulation results at Asian sector (120 degrees E). To identify the causes of differences in the non-self-consistent models, runs without neutral wind and/or electric field were conducted at the Asian sector. Results show that the non-self-consistent models are in good agreement with each other and with the IRI especially in the daytime. Large discrepancies are shown in the self-consistent model results, which imply very different electric fields and neutral atmosphere in these models. Also, the daytime NmF2 values at the crests of the equatorial anomaly calculated by the self-consistent models are substantially lower than those in the non-self-consistent models. This paper reviews the current status of each theoretical model and examines their capability in simulating the quiet time equatorial ionosphere. C1 [Fang, Tzu-Wei; Anderson, David; Fuller-Rowell, Tim; Millward, George] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Akmaev, Rashid; Codrescu, Mihail] NOAA SpaceWeather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sojka, Jan; Scherliess, Ludger] Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT USA. [Eccles, Vince] Space Environm Corp, Provo, UT USA. [Retterer, John] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Huba, Joe] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. [Joyce, Glenn] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Richmond, Art; Maute, Astrid] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO USA. [Crowley, Geoff] Atmospher & Space Technol Res Associates, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ridley, Aaron] Univ Michigan, Ctr Space Environm Modeling, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Vichare, Geeta] Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. RP Fang, TW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tzu-wei.fang@noaa.gov RI Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; OI Richmond, Arthur/0000-0002-6708-1023; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; Scherliess, Ludger/0000-0002-7388-5255 FU NSF [ATM-0836386]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-0408]; NRL 6.1 Base Funds; NASA [NNX09AN57G, NNX09AJ59G]; National Science Foundation FX The authors wish to thank the National Science Foundation in supporting the Coupling Energetics and Dynamics of Atmospheric RegionsWorkshop. TWF was supported, in part, by NSF grant ATM-0836386. DNAwas supported, in part, by AFOSR grant FA9550-09-0408. JDH was supported by NRL 6.1 Base Funds and NASA. ADR and AM were supported, in part, by NASA grant NNX09AN57G. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Research at UM was supported by NASA grant NNX09AJ59G. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-70441-7; 978-0-87590-490-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2013 VL 201 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1029/2012GM001280 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA8FV UT WOS:000338043600013 ER PT S AU Siskind, DE Drob, DP AF Siskind, David E. Drob, Douglas P. BE Huba, J Schunk, R Khazanov, G TI Use of NOGAPS-ALPHA as a Bottom Boundary for the NCAR/TIEGCM SO MODELING THE IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE SYSTEM SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Modeling the Ionosphere/Thermosphere System CY MAY 06-12, 2011 CL Charleston, SC SP AGU ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ELECTRODYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERE AB We present preliminary results from the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere ionosphere electrodynamics general circulation model (TIEGCM) using a bottom boundary from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System-Advanced Level Physics High Altitude (NOGAPS-ALPHA) model. NOGAPS-ALPHA consists of a forecast module and a data assimilation (DA) system. We use the 6 hourly cycled DA system to initialize a series of forecasts, which are output every hour. The use of hourly output allows the resolution of higher-order tidal modes such as the terdiurnal tide. Results are shown for January 2009. All three migrating tides (diurnal wave 1, semidiurnal wave 2, terdiurnal wave 3) and the eastward traveling nonmigrating diurnal wave 3 tide are present. Results are compared with Sounding of the Atmosphere with Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) observations and previously published model results. We evaluate the behavior of these tidal components at the interface between the two models and suggest a method to reduce the discontinuities. Finally, and consistent with previous models, we find a marked decrease in the semidiurnal tide after the dramatic sudden stratospheric warming in late January; however, this does not appear to be offset by a concomitant increase in the migrating terdiurnal component that others have reported. C1 [Siskind, David E.; Drob, Douglas P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.siskind@nrl.navy.mil OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-70441-7; 978-0-87590-490-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2013 VL 201 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1029/2012GM001336 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA8FV UT WOS:000338043600016 ER PT S AU Krall, J Huba, JD AF Krall, J. Huba, J. D. BE Huba, J Schunk, R Khazanov, G TI Density and Temperature Structure of Equatorial Spread F Plumes SO MODELING THE IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE SYSTEM SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Modeling the Ionosphere/Thermosphere System CY MAY 06-12, 2011 CL Charleston, SC SP AGU ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; HINOTORI SATELLITE; IMPEDANCE PROBE; PLASMA BUBBLES; REGION; MODEL; IRREGULARITIES; BOARD AB Simulations of simple equatorial spread F (ESF) plumes using the National Research Laboratory SAMI3/ESF 3-D simulation code are analyzed in terms of the momentum and thermal equations governing the ions and electrons. The resulting 3-D plume structure includes regions of enhanced density and temperature. These have been shown to correspond to observed density and temperature features, such as plasma "blobs." We consider the evolution of a plume into a very slowly evolving "fossil plume" state and find that these temperature and density features may persist over time scales that are long compared to the growth time of the ESF plume. C1 [Krall, J.; Huba, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krall, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.krall@nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-70441-7; 978-0-87590-490-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2013 VL 201 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1029/2012GM001284 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA8FV UT WOS:000338043600021 ER PT S AU Heitmeyer, C Pickett, M Breslow, L Aha, D Trafton, JG Leonard, E AF Heitmeyer, Constance Pickett, Marc Breslow, Len Aha, David Trafton, J. Greg Leonard, Elizabeth GP IEEE TI High Assurance Human-Centric Decision Systems SO 2013 2ND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON REALIZING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYNERGIES IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (RAISE) SE International Workshop on Realizing Artificial Intelligence Synergies in Software Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Realizing Artificial Intelligence Synergies in Software Engineering (RAISE) CY MAY 25-26, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP NSF AB Many future decision support systems will be human-centric, i.e., require substantial human oversight and control. Because these systems often provide critical services, high assurance will be needed that they satisfy their requirements. How to develop "high assurance human-centric decision systems" is unknown: while significant research has been conducted in areas such as agents, cognitive science, and formal methods, how to apply and integrate the design principles and disparate models in each area is unclear. This paper proposes a novel process for developing human-centric decision systems where AI (artificial intelligence) methods-namely, cognitive models to predict human behavior and agents to assist the human-are used to achieve adequate system performance, and software engineering methods, namely, formal modeling and analysis, to obtain high assurance. To support this process, the paper introduces a software engineering technique-formal model synthesis from scenarios-and two AI techniques-a model for predicting human overload and user model synthesis from participant studies data. To illustrate the process and techniques, the paper describes a decision system controlling unmanned air vehicles. C1 [Heitmeyer, Constance; Leonard, Elizabeth] Naval Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pickett, Marc; Breslow, Len; Aha, David; Trafton, J. Greg] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Appl res Artific Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heitmeyer, C (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM constance.heitmeyer@nrl.navy.mil; marc.pickett.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; len.breslow@nrl.navy.mil; david.aha@nrl.navy.mil; greg.trafton@nrl.navy.mil; elizabeth.leonard@nrl.navy.mil OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2326-2370 BN 978-1-4673-6437-9 J9 INT WORK REAL ARTIF PY 2013 BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA7XZ UT WOS:000337893700007 ER PT S AU Dono, TF Chung, TH AF Dono, Thomas F. Chung, Timothy H. GP IEEE TI Optimized Transit Planning and Landing of Aerial Robotic Swarms SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 06-10, 2013 CL Karlsruhe, GERMANY SP IEEE AB This research explores the efficient and safe landing and recovery of a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The presented work involves the use of an overarching (centralized) airspace optimization model, formulated analytically as a network-based model with side constraints describing a time-expanded network model of the terminal airspace in which the UAVs navigate to one or more (possibly moving) landing zones. This model generates optimal paths in a centralized manner such that the UAVs are properly sequenced into the landing areas. The network-based model is "grown" using agent-based simulation with simple flocking rules. Relevant measures of performance include, e. g., the total time necessary to land the swarm. Extensive simulation studies and sensitivity analyses are conducted to demonstrate the relative effectiveness of the proposed approaches. C1 [Dono, Thomas F.] Marine Corps Warfighting Lab, Quantico, VA 22134 USA. [Chung, Timothy H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Syst Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Dono, TF (reprint author), Marine Corps Warfighting Lab, Quantico, VA 22134 USA. EM thomas.dono@usmc.mil; thchung@nps.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4673-5641-1; 978-1-4673-5643-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2013 BP 1843 EP 1850 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BA7KQ UT WOS:000337617301126 ER PT S AU Stevens, T Chung, TH AF Stevens, Timothy Chung, Timothy H. GP IEEE TI Autonomous Search and Counter-Targeting using Levy Search Models SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 06-10, 2013 CL Karlsruhe, GERMANY SP IEEE AB In this study, we explore the use of nondeterministic search trajectories to accomplish a two-fold mission of mobile robot search for a stationary target while avoiding counter-targeting by the adversary throughout the operation. We analyze the characteristics associated with a Levy distribution of search leg lengths to generate appropriate randomized search trajectories. We discuss the alteration of the probability distribution of the Levy search as a result of the method utilized to best address the presence of the bounded search area and confine the searcher within its boundaries. Through regression analysis of simulation results, we determine expressions for the coverage ratio evolution of the modified Levy search strategy and the distribution on time to target detection T-D, from which we are able to calculate the expected time, E[T-D], to detect the target uniformly distributed within the search area. We assert assumptions regarding the adversary's detection and tracking abilities to estimate the expected time, E[T-C], required for it to counter target the searcher. From these two expected times, we construct a novel probabilistic mission performance metric that measures the likelihood that the searcher will detect the target before it is counter targeted itself. C1 [Stevens, Timothy] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chung, Timothy H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Stevens, T (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tssteven@nps.edu; thchung@nps.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4673-5641-1; 978-1-4673-5643-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2013 BP 3953 EP 3960 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BA7KQ UT WOS:000337617303143 ER PT J AU McCarroll, RJ Brander, RW MacMahan, JH Turner, IL Reniers, AJHM Brown, JA Bradstreet, A AF McCarroll, R. Jak Brander, Rob W. MacMahan, Jamie H. Turner, Ian L. Reniers, Ad J. H. M. Brown, Jenna A. Bradstreet, Anthony TI Assessing the effectiveness of rip current swimmer escape strategies, Shelly Beach, NSW, Australia SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Coastal Symposium (ICS) CY APR 09-12, 2013 CL Plymouth Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Coastal Proc Res Grp, Plymouth, ENGLAND HO Plymouth Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Coastal Proc Res Grp DE Lagrangian flow; drifters; surf zone circulation; beach safety; rip escape strategy; beach hazard ID SYSTEM AB Rip flow dynamics have important implications for swimmer escape strategies, with recent field studies indicating flow is often contained within the surf zone, re-circulating onto shallow bars. Combining physical measurements in a variety of conditions with various escape strategies allows insights into the safest response by individuals caught in a rip. A three day experiment was conducted at Shelly Beach, NSW in December, 2011. Lagrangian measurements of rip flow using GPS drifters were obtained. Participants with attached GPS were deployed in groups of 3 to 5 in rip currents to simulate various escape actions such as floating with the rip current, and swimming in a parallel direction at varying distances from shore. Day 1 and 2 measurements captured an open beach rip current and an adjacent topographic rip current in moderate energy conditions. Day 3 measurements were obtained on an open beach rip current at a more exposed section of the beach under higher energy conditions. Results were analysed by duration and assessed as being either (i) positive outcome (high chance of safe exit); or (ii) negative outcome (greater potential for hazard). Mean durations were Float (4 min), and Swim (2 min). Of the eight escape scenarios tested, half had potential negative outcomes, including 2 of 3 Float options and 2 of 5 Swim options. Negative outcomes for Floats were related to surf zone exits, and multiple circulations. Negative outcomes for Swims related to swimming against longshore directed circulation. Neither strategy was clearly more likely to result in a successful outcome across all scenarios. Further investigations are currently being conducted in a greater range of hydrodynamic and morphological conditions. C1 [McCarroll, R. Jak; Brander, Rob W.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [MacMahan, Jamie H.; Brown, Jenna A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. [Turner, Ian L.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Water Res Lab, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Reniers, Ad J. H. M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bradstreet, Anthony] Surf Life Saving Australia SLS, Rosebery, NSW, Australia. RP McCarroll, RJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM r.j.mccarroll@unsw.edu.au; rbrander@unsw.edu.au; jhmacmah@nps.edu; jenna.brown@gmail.com; areniers@rsmas.miami.edu; ian.turner@unsw.edu.au; abradstreet@slsa.asn.au OI Turner, Ian/0000-0001-9884-6917 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2013 SI 65 BP 784 EP 789 DI 10.2112/SI65-133.1 PN 1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AJ8ZB UT WOS:000337995500134 ER PT J AU Calantoni, J Landry, BJ Penko, AM AF Calantoni, Joseph Landry, Blake J. Penko, Allison M. TI Laboratory observations of sand ripple evolution using bimodal grain size distributions under asymmetric oscillatory flows SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Coastal Symposium (ICS) CY APR 08-12, 2013 CL Plymouth, ENGLAND DE Vortex ripples; ripple migration; oscillatory flow tunnel; video observations ID MIGRATION CHARACTERISTICS; GEOMETRY; WAVES; BEDFORMS; CURRENTS; BED AB The heterogeneity of sand beds has been suggested to significantly impact the resulting sand ripple morphodynamics. However, the majority of previous experiments for sand ripple morphodynamics were conducted using only unimodal grain size distributions. Here we performed a series of ripple growth and transition experiments in a small oscillatory flow tunnel in the Sediment Dynamics Laboratory at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Sand beds were constructed from mixtures of two unimodal sands median grain sizes of 0.30 mm (blue) and 0.70 mm (white), respectively. Experiments were performed with compositions of bimodal mixtures with percent by mass of 10/90, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, 90/10. Additionally, similar experiments were performed for each of the unimodal cases (i.e., 100/0, 0/100). For each experiment, starting from a planar bed, three different flow forcing conditions were applied in sequential blocks (with minimum of one-hour duration) until the ripples appeared to be uniform and in equilibrium. We analyzed ripple characteristics such as migration rate, wavelength, height, and steepness as a function of the mobility number. Over a range of nearly identical mobility numbers, we observed opposing trends with migration rates increasing in one block forcing and decreasing in another, where the two blocks were comprised of different combinations of the semi-excursion amplitude and oscillatory frequency. The results suggested that the commonly used mobility number might not be appropriate to characterize ripple migration rates, especially for sediment beds composed of bimodal size mixtures. Overall, wavelength, height, and steepness are consistent with empirical ripple predictors. However, observed subtleties existed among the different forcing blocks across the same range of grain size distributions. C1 [Calantoni, Joseph; Penko, Allison M.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Landry, Blake J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Calantoni, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM code7434@nrlssc.navy.mil; blandry@alum.mit.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Jerome and Isabella Karle Distinguished Scholar Fellowship Program at the Naval Research Laboratory; Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program at the Naval Research Laboratory FX JC was supported under base funding to the Naval Research Laboratory from the Office of Naval Research. AMP was supported by the Jerome and Isabella Karle Distinguished Scholar Fellowship Program at the Naval Research Laboratory. The experiments were performed while BJL was supported under the Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2013 SI 65 BP 1497 EP 1502 DI 10.2112/SI65-253.1 PN 2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AJ8ZC UT WOS:000337995600071 ER PT J AU Hurni, MA Kiriakidis, K Nicholson, JW AF Hurni, Michael A. Kiriakidis, Kiriakos Nicholson, John W. GP ASME TI PLANNING THE MINIMUM TIME COURSE FOR AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE IN UNCERTAIN CURRENT SO ASME 2013 DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC) CY OCT 21-23, 2013 CL Palo Alto, CA SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div AB The authors developed an approach to a "best" time path for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles sailing uncertain currents. The numerical optimization tool DIDO is used to compute minimum time paths for a sample of currents between ebb and flow. A simulated meta-experiment is performed where the vehicle traverses the resulting paths under different current strengths per run. The fastest elapsed time emerges from a payoff table. C1 [Hurni, Michael A.; Kiriakidis, Kiriakos; Nicholson, John W.] US Naval Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hurni, MA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM kiriakid@usna.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5613-0 PY 2013 AR V002T32A004 DI 10.1115/DSCC2013-3849 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BA5WL UT WOS:000337043200087 ER PT J AU Jha, DK Wettergren, TA Ray, A AF Jha, Devesh K. Wettergren, Thomas A. Ray, Asok GP ASME TI ADAPTIVE OPTIMAL POWER TRADE-OFF IN UNDERWATER SENSOR NETWORKS SO ASME 2013 DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC) CY OCT 21-23, 2013 CL Palo Alto, CA SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div ID LIFETIME AB In general, sensor networks have two competing objectives: (i) maximization of network performance with respect to the probability of successful search with a specified false alarm rate for a given coverage area, and (ii) maximization of the network's operational life. In this context, battery-powered sensing systems are operable as long as they can communicate sensed data to the processing nodes. Since both operations of sensing and communication consume energy, judicious use of these operations could effectively improve the sensor network's lifetime. From these perspectives, the paper presents an adaptive energy management policy that will optimally allocate the available energy between sensing and communication operations at each node to maximize the network performance under specified constraints. With the assumption of fixed total energy for a sensor network operating over a time period, the problem is reduced to identification of a network topology that maximizes the probability of successful detection of targets over a surveillance region. In a two-stage optimization, a genetic algorithm-based meta-heuristic search is first used to efficiently explore the global design space, and then a local pattern search algorithm is used for convergence to an optimal solution. The results of performance evaluation are presented to validate the proposed concept. C1 [Jha, Devesh K.; Ray, Asok] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wettergren, Thomas A.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Jha, DK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dkj5042@psu.edu; t.a.wettergren@ieee.org; axr2@psu.edu OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5613-0 PY 2013 AR UNSP V002T32A001 DI 10.1115/DSCC2013-3717 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BA5WL UT WOS:000337043200084 ER PT J AU Noble, SL Esposito, JM Case, J AF Noble, Sarah L. Esposito, Joel M. Case, Jason GP ASME TI ACCOUNTING FOR PARAMETRIC MODEL UNCERTAINTY IN COLLISION AVOIDANCE FOR UNMANNED VEHICLES USING SPARSE GRID INTERPOLATION SO ASME 2013 DYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC) CY OCT 21-23, 2013 CL Palo Alto, CA SP ASME, Dynam Syst & Control Div ID DARPA-URBAN-CHALLENGE; ENVIRONMENTS; ENTRY; PERCEPTION; NAVIGATION; TERRAIN AB In this paper we present an enhancement of model-based trajectory selection algorithms - a popular class of collision avoidance techniques for autonomous ground vehicles. Rather than dilate a set of individual candidate trajectories in an ad hoc way to account for uncertainty, we generate a set of trajectory clouds - sets of states that represent possible future poses over a product of intervals representing uncertainty in the model parameters, initial conditions and actuator commands. The clouds are generated using the sparse-grid interpolation method which is both error-controlled and computationally efficient. The approach is implemented on a differential drive vehicle. C1 [Noble, Sarah L.; Esposito, Joel M.; Case, Jason] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Noble, SL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM noble@usna.edu; esposito@usna.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5613-0 PY 2013 AR V002T30A004 DI 10.1115/DSCC2013-3885 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BA5WL UT WOS:000337043200076 ER PT B AU Apte, UM Nath, HK AF Apte, Uday M. Nath, Hiranya K. BE Mangal, V Karmarkar, U TI US TRADE IN INFORMATION-INTENSIVE SERVICES SO UCLA ANDERSON BUSINESS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES (BIT) PROJECT: A GLOBAL STUDY OF BUSINESS PRACTICE (2012) LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; INTERNET; DISAGGREGATION; ECONOMY AB Trade in services has increased significantly and the United States has been a leader in services trade. The U.S. not only accounts for the largest share of world trade in private services but also runs a substantial amount of surplus in services trade. One important trend has been the rapid growth of U.S. trade in information-intensive services. This chapter examines the growth and patterns in U.S. exports and imports of various information-intensive services. The empirical analysis indicates that trade in business, professional, and technical services; financial services; and insurance has experienced the most rapid growth in recent times. This chapter further discusses some of the intuitively plausible explanations for the growth of trade in information-intensive services. C1 [Apte, Uday M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Apte, Uday M.] NPS, Monterey, CA USA. [Apte, Uday M.] Univ Penn, Wharton Sch, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Apte, Uday M.] So Methodist Univ, Edwin L Cox Sch Business, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Apte, Uday M.] POMS, Coll Serv Operat, London, England. [Nath, Hiranya K.] Sam Houston State Univ, Coll Business Adm, Huntsville, TX 77340 USA. RP Apte, UM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4390-88-0; 978-981-4390-87-3 PY 2013 BP 117 EP 144 PG 28 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BA1KE UT WOS:000332665400007 ER PT S AU Cohen, LS Jost, RJ AF Cohen, Lawrence S. Jost, Randy J. GP IEEE TI Spectrum Analysis and Measurements in a Congested Electromagnetic Environment SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) CY AUG 05-09, 2013 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Adv Test Equipment Rentals, ANDRO, ETS LINDGREN, FEKO, Gauss Instruments, Infield Sci Inc, Retlif Testing Labs, CCPIT Gen Ind Sub Council, ECN, EMV Europe, ENR, Evaluat Engn, In Compliance, ITEM Media, Microwave Journal, Safety & EMC China, Webcom Commun, Wireless Design & Dev DE Spectrum Measurement; Spectrum Congestion; Spectrum Surveys; Radar Measurements; Spectral Analysis AB The electromagnetic spectrum, from 2 MHz to 94 GHz, is an evolving resource. Many uses of the spectrum include communications, radio and television broadcasting, radio navigation, sensing and radar. The region of the spectrum from 2-4 GHz has become particularly problematical due to the influx of wireless systems such as WiMAX and LTE into an area which has traditionally been associated with radar systems. Although the entire EM spectrum is becoming increasingly congested, we will focus our examples on this band as a surrogate for understanding what is happening across the spectrum, while pointing out unique requirements in other bands. This paper will discuss measurements employed for characterizing both radar and nonradar users of this spectrum, as each have unique issues to be addressed. First, the propagation physics of why spectrum users seek access to selected frequency bands. The unique spectral characteristics of radars, not generally found in communications systems will be discussed. The trade-offs in using conventional superheterodyne and FFT based spectrum analyzers versus the newer real time spectrum analyzers, as well as other measurement techniques will be presented in terms of their capability in assessing the EM spectrum and determining how to best use a finite resource. It is projected that many radiating systems will be forced to monitor the EM spectrum and adjust their operating characteristics on a real-time basis. Finally, we will conclude with a short overview of the topics covered in the special session that this paper is a part of. C1 [Cohen, Lawrence S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cohen, LS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4799-0409-9; 978-1-4799-0408-2 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2013 BP 66 EP 71 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA3WJ UT WOS:000334998800013 ER PT S AU Amarasinghe, PM Abelev, A AF Amarasinghe, Priyanthi M. Abelev, Andrei GP IEEE TI Rheological Behavior of Flocculated Suspensions of Artificial Marine Cohesive Sediment SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE Montmorillonite; guar gum; viscosity; flocculation; rheology ID CHANNEL AB The clay mineral type and the organic matter compositions have a strong influence on the mechanical properties of marine sediments. Understanding the viscous behavior of marine sediments composed of flocculated particles is important in many applications such as penetration of heavy objects in the cohesive seafloors and hydrodynamic transport of flocculated sediments among others. In this study, the effects of the clay and organic matter (OM) concentrations and the shear rate on the viscous behavior of the artificial flocs, similar to the ones that are found in the seabed, are studied. It was found that the addition of guar gum increases the viscosity of the floc suspensions significantly. The behavior appears to change from near-Newtonian at low OM concentration to mildly shear-thinning at high OM values. An empirical model was developed that allows to calculate the viscosity of the floc suspensions as a function of clay content, organic matter content and shear rate. C1 [Amarasinghe, Priyanthi M.] Natl Res Council Postdoc, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Abelev, Andrei] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Amarasinghe, PM (reprint author), Natl Res Council Postdoc, Washington, DC 20001 USA. FU ONRlNRL; NRC Research Associateship; NOO [173-08-2-C-005] FX Authors would like to thank ONRlNRL and NRC Research Associateship (grant number NOO 173-08-2-C-005) programs for funding of this research. Authors are also thankful to Dr. P. Valent for reviewing and providing constructive comments on this manuscript. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165800012 ER PT S AU Chu, PC AF Chu, Peter C. GP IEEE TI Weibull Statistics in Ocean Analysis and Prediction SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE Weibull Statistics; Ocean Currents; Satellite Altimeter; OSCAR Data; Ocean Analysis and Prediction ID STOCHASTIC STABILITY; MODELS AB This Ocean processes are typically sparsely observed, and their dynamics are high dimensional and nonlinear, so that the statistics are non-Gaussian. Successful and efficient analysis and prediction require these characteristics to be directly addressed in data assimilation, data fusion, and uncertainty quantification since methods using Gaussianity assumptions perform poorly in many applications. In this study, the Weibull distribution is proved more realistic in ocean analysis and prediction such as analysis of near ocean surface current and significant wave height data as well as numerical modeling in wave prediction. Use of the Weibull distribution will improve ocean analysis and prediction. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict NOAP Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict NOAP Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165802115 ER PT S AU Dhanak, M An, E Couson, R Frankenfield, J von Ellenrieder, K Venezia, W AF Dhanak, Manhar An, Edgar Couson, Robert Frankenfield, John von Ellenrieder, Karl Venezia, William GP IEEE TI Magnetic Field Surveys of Coastal Waters Using an AUV-towed Magnetometer SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE AUV; Towed Magnetometer Survey; SeaSPY; South Florida; Coastal Waters ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS AB AUV-based measurement of the magnetic field offshore of South Florida is described. The effort is part of a measurement program involving observations from fixed and mobile sensor systems in the region in support of characterizing the local background magnetic field in coastal waters. A SeaSpy magnetometer is towed at some distance from a Bluefin 21 AUV in order that the measurements of the magnetic field are not corrupted by the magnetic noise onboard the AUV. The SeaSpy magnetometer has a sensitivity of 0.01nT and resolution of 0.001nT so that it can facilitate observations in the expected measurement range of interest, 0.01 -1 nT. The AUV is equipped with onboard upward (600kHz) and downward (300kHz) looking ADCPs, and a CTD package which simultaneously provide the contextual in-situ oceanographic information, including temperature, salinity, and current velocity in the water column. Implementation of the towing system and the considerations given in making the implementation are described. Results from preliminary missions involving towing of the magnetometer in coastal waters are described. C1 [Dhanak, Manhar; An, Edgar; Couson, Robert; Frankenfield, John; von Ellenrieder, Karl] Florida Atlantic Univ, SeaTech, Dept Ocean & Mech Engn, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Venezia, William] South Florida Ocean, Naval Surface Water Ctr, Carderock Div, Measurment Fac, Dania, FL 33004 USA. RP Dhanak, M (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, SeaTech, Dept Ocean & Mech Engn, Dania, FL 33004 USA. EM Dhanak@fau.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N000141010939] FX The work is supported by the Office of Naval Research under grant N000141010939. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165802099 ER PT S AU Frank, D Foster, D Chou, P Kao, YM Calantoni, J Sou, IM AF Frank, Donya Foster, Diane Chou, Pai Kao, Yu-Min Calantoni, Joseph Sou, In-Mei GP IEEE TI Direct Measurements of Sediment Response to Waves with "Smart Sediment Grains" SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; INCIPIENT MOTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; BOTTOM; FLOW; BED AB Measurements of sediment motion have been primarily limited to indirect observations with acoustic and optical instruments. A micro-electro-mechanical systems device that can measure and record Lagrangian observations of coastal sediments at incipient motion has been developed. These sensors move freely, measure acceleration in the six degrees of freedom and their mobility characteristics are similar to coarse gravel. Experiments conducted in a small oscillating flow tunnel and a large wave flume verified that the sensors detect incipient motion under various hydrodynamic conditions. Analysis of complementary fluid velocity measurements suggest the influence of pressure gradient induced sediment motion. C1 [Frank, Donya] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Foster, Diane] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Engn Mech, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Chou, Pai] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Kao, Yu-Min] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Calantoni, Joseph; Sou, In-Mei] Stennis Space Ctr, Marine Geosci Div, Naval Res Lab, Hancock, MS USA. RP Frank, D (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM donya.frank@unh.edu; diane.foster@unh.edu; pai.chou@uci.edu; kkming761128kk@gmail.com; joe.calantoni@nrlssc.navy.mil; InMei.Sou.ctr.pt@nrlssc.navy.mil FU National Science Foundation FX We would like to thank The National Science Foundation for funding, as well as, our collaborators and colleagues for their support and advice. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165801132 ER PT S AU Geder, JD Ramamurti, R Pruessner, M Palmisano, J AF Geder, Jason D. Ramamurti, Ravi Pruessner, Marius Palmisano, John GP IEEE TI Maneuvering Performance of a Four-Fin Bio-Inspired UUV SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE bio-inspired; UUV; pectoral fin; robotic fish; low-speed maneuvering; underwater propulsion; station-keeping ID PECTORAL FIN; MECHANICS; LOCOMOTION; DESIGN AB This paper describes the modeling and maneuvering performance of a second generation (Gen2) bio-inspired unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) propelled by four pectoral fins. Based on both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental data, we developed a UUV model that includes a representation of actively controlled curvature fin-generated forces. The vehicle model is validated by comparing open-loop simulated responses with experimentally measured responses to identical fin thrust and lift inputs. Closed-loop control algorithms, which command changes in fin kinematics, are tested on the vehicle. Comparison of experimental and simulation results for various maneuvers validates the fin and vehicle models, and demonstrates the precise maneuvering capabilities enabled by the actively controlled curvature pectoral fins. Finally, various dynamics state responses of the Gen2 vehicle are compared with those of the smaller first generation (Gen1) vehicle to evaluate the effects of vehicle changes on performance. C1 [Geder, Jason D.; Ramamurti, Ravi] Naval Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pruessner, Marius] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Palmisano, John] Naval Res Lab, NOVO Res Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Geder, JD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165801156 ER PT S AU Horner, D Xie, G AF Horner, Douglas Xie, Geoffrey GP IEEE TI Data-Driven Acoustic Communication Modeling for Undersea Collaborative Navigation SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE Acoustic Communications; Collaborative Navigation; Kriging; Local Connectivity Map; Global Connectivity Map; Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ID WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS; LOCALIZATION AB Feedback control of collaborative mobile systems requires assumptions with regards to wireless networking to bound system performance. Traditional assumptions include a physics-based signal propagation model which can be especially inaccurate in dynamic and cluttered communication environments. This paper addresses a data-driven approach for modeling signal strength. It presents local and global connectivity maps for providing greater resolution with respect to received signal strength over a bounded area. The approach may be particularly useful for enabling more flexible and robust multi-vehicle navigation. C1 [Horner, Douglas; Xie, Geoffrey] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Horner, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165802010 ER PT S AU Illig, DW Jemison, WD Rumbaugh, L Lee, R Laux, A Mullen, L AF Illig, David W. Jemison, William D. Rumbaugh, Luke Lee, Robert Laux, Alan Mullen, Linda GP IEEE TI Enhanced hybrid lidar-radar ranging technique SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE underwater; optical; ranging; scattering ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY AB A new hybrid lidar-radar underwater ranging technique is presented to enhance optical ranging in underwater environments. This technique has the potential to extend the unambiguous range by an order of magnitude while maintaining range precision that is comparable to existing techniques. The technique combines frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) [1] and modulated continuous wave (CW) ranging [2] to simultaneously achieve good unambiguous range and range precision performance. Theory and simulation are presented to demonstrate the FDR and combined FDR/CW approach. These results indicate that for the system parameters chosen the combined FDR/CW approach can extend the unambiguous range from tens of centimeters to approximately ten meters depending on water turbidity while maintaining the range precision associated with the CW approach. C1 [Illig, David W.; Jemison, William D.; Rumbaugh, Luke] Clarkson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Lee, Robert; Laux, Alan; Mullen, Linda] NAVAIR, Div EO & Special Mission Sensors, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Illig, DW (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM illigdw@clarkson.edu FU Office of Naval Research's University Laboratory Initiative (ULI) [N00014-11-1-0371] FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Researchs University Laboratory Initiative (ULI) program contract number N00014-11-1-0371. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Office of Naval Research. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165800017 ER PT S AU Kragelund, S Dobrokhodov, V Monarrez, A Hurban, M Khol, C AF Kragelund, Sean Dobrokhodov, Vladimir Monarrez, Aurelio Hurban, Michael Khol, Curtis GP IEEE TI Adaptive Speed Control for Autonomous Surface Vessels SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE Autonomous unmanned surface vehicle; Adaptive control; Velocity control; L-1 adaptation; Model reference adaptive control; PID control; Gain scheduling; Unsteady hydrodynamics; SeaFox USV AB The paper addresses the problem of speed control for the SeaFox unmanned surface vessel (USV). This small, versatile robotic platform can operate over a wide range of speeds, making it attractive for a number of scientific, commercial, and naval applications. This versatility, however, comes at a price. The vessel operates in displacement mode at low speeds and operates in planing mode at high speeds. These two regimes are connected via a highly unstable transition mode, where steady state operation is not possible, making autonomous operations challenging. Speed following is one of the key challenges in automating this class of vessel, as this capability is adversely affected by (i) the inherently slow dynamic response of the propulsion system, (ii) significant variation of the vessel's hydrodynamics in three distinct operating modes, and (iii) significant coupling between these hydrodynamics and the propulsion force. This paper presents a comparative study of three adaptive control algorithms developed for speed-holding capability on the SeaFox USV: (i) classical PID control with gain scheduling, (ii) model reference adaptive control, and (iii) L-1 adaptive control. Beginning with a description of the system identification experiments that informed our understanding of the open-loop plant dynamics, this paper proceeds through controller design and simulation, and presents results from open ocean sea trials. The experimental results provide a basis for an objective comparison of each algorithm's speed following performance and explicitly highlight the benefits of adaptive controllers. C1 [Kragelund, Sean; Dobrokhodov, Vladimir; Monarrez, Aurelio] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Hurban, Michael] US Navy, Chula Vista, CA 91915 USA. [Khol, Curtis] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kragelund, S (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM spkragel@nps.edu; mahurban@gmail.com; m143474@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N0001413WX20883] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Dr. Tom Drake at the Office of Naval Research via contract N0001413WX20883 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165801036 ER PT S AU Luznik, L Van Benthem, M Flack, KA Lust, EE AF Luznik, Luksa Van Benthem, Max Flack, Karen A. Lust, Ethan E. GP IEEE TI Near Wake Characteristics of a Model Horizontal Axis Marine Current Turbine under Steady and Unsteady Inflow Conditions SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE Horizontal axis turbine; near wake measurements; turbulence; waves ID HYDRODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE; SURFACE-WAVES; FLOW AB Near wake measurements on a 0.8 m diameter two-bladed horizontal axis tidal turbine model were obtained with two Nortek Vectrino+ Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADV) sampling simultaneously at 200 Hz. The test matrix covered four radial positions from r/D=0.3 to 0.5 and five axial positions from d/D= 0.9 to 0.95. All measurements were performed at the nominal tip speed ratio (TSR) of 7.4. Two different cases were investigated. The first case had steady inflow conditions, i. e. constant carriage speed and the second case had a constant carriage speed and incoming regular waves with a period of 1.6 seconds and 0.09 m wave height. The distribution of mean velocities for the steady inflow case exhibit significant spatial variability in the wake region. Mean streamwise velocity show a decrease in the axial direction for all radial locations with magnitudes ranging from 0.55 at r/D=0.49 to 0.35 at r/D=0.3. Vertical and lateral mean velocities are small but consistent with counterclockwise fluid angular momentum for a clockwise rotor rotation. The Reynolds shear stresses consistently show elevated levels for measurements near the rotor tip ( r/D=0.49) and are significantly reduced by x/D=0.6 downstream. This suggests low turbulence levels in the wake which is consistent with very low inflow turbulence verified by the upstream ADV. For the case with waves, evidence of enhanced turbulence intensities and shear stresses within spatial coverage of the experiment suggest increased localized turbulence production in the blade tip region over the entire near wake region. C1 [Luznik, Luksa; Van Benthem, Max; Flack, Karen A.; Lust, Ethan E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Luznik, L (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM luznik@usna.edu; maxvanbenthem@gmail.com; flack@usna.edu; lust@usna.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165800126 ER PT S AU Ramotowski, TS Tucker, WC Rice, MA AF Ramotowski, Thomas S. Tucker, Wayne C. Rice, Matthew A. GP IEEE TI Cathodic Debonding of Undersea Electronic Cable Connectors: Delamination Kinetics When Primers and Encapsulants Are Bonded Directly to Bare Metal Connector Backshells SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE cathodic delamination; cathodic disbondment; cable connectors; accelerated life testing; adhesion; activation energy AB When undersea cable connectors are attached to receptacles that are part of a cathodically protected vessel hull, the encapsulants applied over the connector backshells to protect the interior of the connector from seawater ingression often rapidly debond from the backshell, thereby compromising the interior of the cable and connector. This process is called "cathodic delamination" or "cathodic disbondment" and it is believed to be caused by the generation of highly alkaline conditions at the metal-encapsulant bondline due to the reduction of dissolved oxygen and the subsequent generation of hydroxyl (OH-) ions. An investigation into the kinetics of this process for the case where encapsulants and their associated primers are bonded directly to bare metal connector backshells was undertaken to develop better accelerated life testing techniques for marine hardware subject to cathodic delamination. Two different commercial encapsulation systems were investigated: PR-420 primer/PR-1547 polyurethane (PRC-DeSoto) and AD-1146 primer/EN-1556 polyurethane (Cytec). Small sacrificial zinc anodes were used to provide the proper cathodic polarization for the test samples. This testing revealed that cathodic debonding preferentially proceeds from exposed edges/bondlines inward, rather than through the encapsulant. Some primer/encapsulant systems (e.g., the PRC-Desoto system) are inherently more resistant to cathodic delamination that other systems. The rate at which the debonding proceeds was found to be diffusion controlled and was linear when plotted versus the square root of elapsed time. Debonding rate data were used to determine the Arrhenius activation energy for the cathodic delamination of both encapsulation systems (8.4 kcals/mole for the PRC-DeSoto system and 2.6 kcals/ mole for the Cytec system), which are quite different from the experimentally determined Arrhenius activation energies for the diffusion of water through the various encapsulants (3.1 kcals/mole and 3.9 kcals/mole, respectively). These results suggest that the cathodic delamination process for undersea electronic cable connectors is controlled by the rate of water and dissolved species diffusing along the disrupted bondline, rather than by water the rate of water and oxygen diffusing through the encapsulant. C1 [Ramotowski, Thomas S.; Tucker, Wayne C.; Rice, Matthew A.] US Navy, Naval Sea Syst Command, Div Newport, Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ramotowski, TS (reprint author), US Navy, Naval Sea Syst Command, Div Newport, Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM thomas.ramotowski@navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165801142 ER PT S AU Stanic, S Dahlburg, R Caruthers, J AF Stanic, Steve Dahlburg, Russell Caruthers, Jerald GP IEEE TI Bubble number densities in the wake of a propeller and a pump jet ship SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog ID ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS; ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS; ITERATIVE APPROACH; BREAKING WAVES; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTRA AB Bubbly wakes generated by a surface ship are generally the result of cavitation generated by its propulsion system, and air being entrapped along the water line as the ship moves through the water. As this turbulent wake decays, bubbles of different sizes coalesce, break up, and rise at different rates. This results in changing horizontal and vertical bubble distributions that are a function of ship's speed, wake depth, and age. The changing vertical and horizontal distributions have a time and frequency dependent effect on acoustic signals that creates an excess attenuation. A series of acoustic attenuation measurements were taken across the wake of a propeller driven ship using NRL's acoustic wake characterization system. These measurements were taken over a broad range of acoustic frequencies (30 kHz to 140 kHz), ship speeds (18 and 22 knots), wake depths (3 m to 6 m), and wake age (4.5 to 9.7 minutes). The acoustic attenuations across the wake due to varying bubble-size densities were determined experimentally. Using these measured average acoustic attenuations across the wake and the resonant bubble approximation, estimates of the average bubble number densities in the wake of the propeller driven ship were derived. These bubble number densities are compared to those obtained for the wake of a similar sized pump jet ship, (Stanic et al JOE v34, Jan 2009). Results show that the bubble number densities for the propeller driven ship (18 knots) and the pump jet ship (15 knots) at a wake depth of 3 m were very similar. These bubble number densities were also seen to decrease with wake depth and age. As the propeller ship's speed increased, the bubble number densities for the propeller driven ship were lower than those for the pump jet ship at a speed of 15 knots. These results also showed that in general the wake of the propeller driven ship was not as intense and not as persistent as the wake of the pump jet ship at wake depths greater than 3 m and at all ship speeds. C1 [Stanic, Steve] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Dahlburg, Russell] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Caruthers, Jerald] Univ Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Stanic, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU Office of Naval Research. FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 12 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165800034 ER PT S AU Streenan, A Du Toit, NE AF Streenan, Andrew Du Toit, Noel E. GP IEEE TI Diver Relative AUV Navigation for Joint Human-Robot Operations SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE Unmanned Underwater Vehicle; Tethered; Hovering; Autonomous Underwater Vehicle; Joint human-robot operations; dynamic, uncertain environments AB A novel application for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) is considered here: a robotic diver assistant that enables close-quarters robotic operations with human divers. A robotic diver assistant has the potential to improve the efficiency, effectiveness and safety of diver operations. The robot diver assistant must share the operating environment with human divers: the robot must navigate relative to the environment to reach a specified site location (along with moving divers), then maneuver among the mostly static divers as they perform their tasks on location. Strategies for navigating among divers while ensuring diver safety are presented in this paper. A reactive strategy, based on potential fields, is investigated with a deliberative approach that accounts for process and environmental disturbances, as well as measurement noise. The deliberative approach is based on the Partially Closed-Loop Receding Horizon Control method. Accounting for such uncertainties is required for close-quarter operations due to the challenges associated with underwater navigation and sensing. C1 [Streenan, Andrew; Du Toit, Noel E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Streenan, A (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165801126 ER PT S AU Weiss, JD Du Toit, NE AF Weiss, Joshua D. Du Toit, Noel E. GP IEEE TI Real-Time Dynamic Model Learning and Adaptation for Underwater Vehicles SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE Unmanned Underwater Vehicle; System Identification; Hydrodynamic Model; Online Model Learning; Autonomous Underwater System AB Precision control of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) requires accurate knowledge of the dynamic characteristics of the vehicles. However, developing such models are time and resource intensive. The problem is further exacerbated by the sensitivity of the dynamic model to vehicle configuration. This is particularly true for hovering-class UUVs since sensor payloads are often mounted outside the vehicle body. This paper presents a method to learn a dynamic model for such a hovering-class UUV in real time from motion and position measurements. System identification techniques are employed to estimate equations of motion coefficients. Initial results on the approach are presented. C1 [Weiss, Joshua D.; Du Toit, Noel E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Weiss, JD (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165801148 ER PT S AU Zuba, M Jiang, ZH Yang, TC Su, YS Cui, JH AF Zuba, Michael Jiang, Zaihan Yang, T. C. Su, Yishan Cui, Jun-Hong GP IEEE TI An Advanced Channel Framework for Improved Underwater Acoustic Network Simulations SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB Underwater Acoustic Networks (UANs) are an emerging technology that are being used to facilitate new aquatic applications in our water world. This is accomplished by linking underwater sensors, vehicles and devices together using acoustic communication. Network protocol development for UANs often relies on simulations because deploying real systems in the ocean is a resource heavy operation. However, acoustic communication performance is dynamic and dependent upon the environment. Therefore, simulations may not be entirely accurate. In this paper we introduce an advanced channel model that considers environmental impacts and real system characteristics on acoustic communication performance for use in an established open-source simulation environment, Aqua-Sim. We provide detailed simulation results and compare the results of our channel model with the existing simulation environment and against the results from a field experiment in the Chesapeake Bay from 2011. C1 [Zuba, Michael; Su, Yishan; Cui, Jun-Hong] Univ Connecticut, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Jiang, Zaihan] US Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC USA. [Yang, T. C.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Appl Marine Phys & Undersea Technol, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. RP Zuba, M (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. FU National Science Foundation [OISE-1316548] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OISE-1316548 (EAPSI Program). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165800046 ER PT B AU Dudas, PM AF Dudas, Patrick M. GP IEEE TI Cooperative, Dynamic Twitter Parsing and Visualization for Dark Network Analysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 IEEE 2ND INTERNATIONAL NETWORK SCIENCE WORKSHOP (NSW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 2nd Network Science Workshop (NSW) CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2013 CL West Point, NY SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Network Sci Ctr, Army Res Off, IEEE Task Force Network Sci DE Dark Networks; Visualization; Social Network Analysis; User-Design AB Developing a network based on Twitter data for social network analysis (SNA) is a common task in most academic domains. The need for real-time analysis is not as prevalent due to the fact that researchers are interested in the analysis of Twitter information after a major event or for an overall statistical or sociological study of general Twitter users. Dark network analysis is a specific field that focuses on criminal, terroristic, or people of interest networks in which evaluating information quickly and making decisions from this information is crucial. We propose a platform and visualization called Dynamic Twitter Network Analysis (DTNA) that incorporates real-time information from Twitter, its subsequent network topology, geographical placement of geotagged tweets on a Google Map, and storage for long-term analysis. The platform provides a SNA visualization that allows the user to interpret and change the search criteria quickly based on visual aesthetic properties built from key dark network utilities with a user interface that can be dynamic, up-to-date for time critical decisions and geographic specific. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, CORE Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dudas, PM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, CORE Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pmdudas@nps.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0436-5; 978-1-4799-0203-3 PY 2013 BP 172 EP 176 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4BC UT WOS:000335317000031 ER PT J AU Yager, RR Petry, FE AF Yager, R. R. Petry, F. E. BE Pedrycz, W Reformat, MZ TI Intuitive Decision-Making Using Hyper Similarity Matching SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 JOINT IFSA WORLD CONGRESS AND NAFIPS ANNUAL MEETING (IFSA/NAFIPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint World Congress of the International-Fuzzy-Systems-Association (IFSA) / Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society (NAFIPS) CY JUN 24-28, 2013 CL Edmonton, CANADA SP Int Fuzzy Syst Assoc, N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc, Elsevier, IEEE, IEEE, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Univ Alberta, Fac Engn, Willbros, Minist Commun & Informat Technologies Republ Azerbaijan, Fuji Technol Press Ltd, Govt Alberta, Enterprise & Adv Educ, CRC Press, De Gruyter AB We present the use of hyper similarity matching for modeling the situational matching central to intuitive decision making with importance weights for situations with different weight vectors. Extreme values are used to characterize intuitive situational matching by introducing the concept of amplification of the importances for such extreme values and characterizing similarity matching based on amplification. C1 [Yager, R. R.] Iona Coll, Inst Machine Intelligence, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. [Petry, F. E.] Geospatial Sci & Technol Branch, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Yager, RR (reprint author), Iona Coll, Inst Machine Intelligence, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. EM yager@panix.com; fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory [0602435N]; ONR [N000141010121]; ARO MURI [W911NF-09-1-0392] FX We would like to thank the Naval Research Laboratorys Base Program, Program Element No. 0602435N for sponsoring this research. R. Yager's contribution has been in part supported by ONR grant award number N000141010121 and ARO MURI grant Number W911NF-09-1-0392. We gratefully appreciate this support. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0348-1 PY 2013 BP 386 EP 389 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BA2WN UT WOS:000333960300067 ER PT S AU Kothe, CA Makeig, S Onton, JA AF Kothe, Christian Andreas Makeig, Scott Onton, Julie Anne GP IEEE TI Emotion Recognition from EEG During Self-Paced Emotional Imagery SO 2013 HUMAINE ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE ON AFFECTIVE COMPUTING AND INTELLIGENT INTERACTION (ACII) SE International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biannual Conference of the Humaine-Association on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII) CY SEP 02-05, 2013 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP Humaine Assoc, IEEE Comp Soc, Comp Vis, Multimedia Lab, Univ Geneva, Swiss Ctr Affect Sci, GFK Verein, Technicolor, Telono, Brain Prod, Inst Telecom, Telecom ParisTech, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Soc Academique Geneve, Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence DE emotion; valence; brain-computer interface; EEG; machine learning; guided imagery AB Here we present an analysis of a 12-subject electroencephalographic (EEG) data set in which participants were asked to engage in prolonged, self-paced episodes of guided emotion imagination with eyes closed. Our goal is to correctly predict, given a short EEG segment, whether the participant was imagining a positive respectively negative-valence emotional scenario during the given segment using a predictive model learned via machine learning. The challenge lies in generalizing to novel (i.e., previously unseen) emotion episodes from a wide variety of scenarios including love, awe, frustration, anger, etc. based purely on spontaneous oscillatory EEG activity without stimulus event-locked responses. Using a variant of the Filter-Bank Common Spatial Pattern algorithm, we achieve an average accuracy of 71.3% correct classification of binary valence rating across 12 different emotional imagery scenarios under rigorous block-wise cross-validation. C1 [Kothe, Christian Andreas; Makeig, Scott] Univ Calif San Diego, Swartz Ctr Computat Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Onton, Julie Anne] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kothe, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Swartz Ctr Computat Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM christian@sccn.ucsd.edu; scott@sccn.ucsd.edu; julie.onton@med.navy.mil FU The Swartz Foundation (Old Field, NY); National Institute for Mental Health USA [R01 NS074293]; National Science Foundation USA [IIS-0613595] FX This work was supported by a gift from The Swartz Foundation (Old Field, NY) as well as by grants from the National Institute for Mental Health USA (R01 NS074293) and the National Science Foundation USA (IIS-0613595). NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2156-8103 BN 978-0-7695-5048-0 J9 INT CONF AFFECT PY 2013 BP 855 EP 858 DI 10.1109/ACII.2013.160 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA2RH UT WOS:000333833400155 ER PT S AU Rao, SM Chatterjee, D AF Rao, Sadasiva M. Chatterjee, Deb GP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc TI An Exact Analytical Procedure to Evaluate Sommerfeld Integrals in Layered Media Problems SO 2013 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of the IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society CY JUL 07-13, 2013 CL Orlando, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, APS AB In this work we develop a comprehensive numerical method to evaluate the Sommerfeld Integrals appearing in layered media problems using simple algebraic functions which enable closed form integration. The resulting algorithm is much simpler than the conventional discrete complex image method. Detailed mathematical steps are enumerated for evaluating Sommerfeld integrals involving zero-order and first-order Bessel functions and can be extended to higher-order functions easily. C1 [Rao, Sadasiva M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chatterjee, Deb] Univ Missouri Kansas City, CSEE Dept, Columbia, MO 64110 USA. RP Rao, SM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-5317-5 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2013 BP 1324 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BA1OQ UT WOS:000332766801201 ER PT S AU Peralta, M Mukhopadhyay, S Bharadwaj, R AF Peralta, Manuel Mukhopadhyay, Supratik Bharadwaj, Ramesh GP IEEE TI A Type-theoretic Framework for Automated Synthesis of Workflows in Service-oriented Computing SO 2013 33RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS WORKSHOPS (ICDCSW 2013) SE IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS) CY JUL 08-11, 2013 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc AB We describe a technique for automatic synthesis of workflows in service-oriented systems [7] from a type-theoretic specification of coordination requirements. The technique presented involves formal semantics-based, automatic synthesis of service coordination workflows from the business logic of the clients using type and effect inference. The type and effect deduction, apart from synthesizing the workflow, provides formal proofs that the business requirements of the clients in a service-oriented system are met. The service descriptions and the business requirements are specified as a set of type judgements in an (intuitionistic) type theory. Workflows can be generated from a (type and effect) inference of the requirements from the "service theory". C1 [Peralta, Manuel; Mukhopadhyay, Supratik] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bharadwaj, Ramesh] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Peralta, M (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mperal4@lsu.edu; supratik@csc.lsu.edu; ramesh@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1545-0678 BN 978-1-4799-3247-4; 978-0-7695-5023-7 J9 IEEE INT CON DIS PY 2013 BP 374 EP 379 DI 10.1109/ICDCSW.2013.58 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA1QD UT WOS:000332852800065 ER PT S AU Yuan, X Shi, Y Hou, YT Lou, WJ Kompella, S AF Yuan, Xu Shi, Yi Hou, Y. Thomas Lou, Wenjing Kompella, Sastry GP IEEE TI UPS: A United Cooperative Paradigm for Primary and Secondary Networks SO 2013 IEEE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE AD-HOC AND SENSOR SYSTEMS (MASS 2013) SE IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 10th International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS) CY OCT 14-16, 2013 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Tech Comm Distributed Proc, IEEE Tech Comm Simulat, Zhejiang Univ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China ID WIRELESS NETWORKS AB The dominant spectrum sharing paradigm of today is the interweave paradigm. This paper advocates a new and alternative paradigm called United network of Primary and Secondary networks (UPS). UPS allows a complete cooperation between primary and secondary networks at the node level to relay each other's traffic, in addition to existing dynamic spectrum access (DSA) in time, space, and frequency domains. Such cooperation allows the primary and secondary networks to access a much richer network resources from the combined network. As a case study, we consider a problem with the goal of supporting the rate requirement of the primary network traffic while maximizing the minimum throughput of the secondary sessions. For this problem, we develop an optimization model and formulate a combinatorial optimization problem. Although this problem is in the form of mixed integer linear program (MILP), we can use CPLEX to solve it efficiently. Simulation results show that the UPS paradigm offers much better throughput performance than the interweave DSA paradigm. C1 [Yuan, Xu; Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas; Lou, Wenjing] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Hou, YT (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM thou@vt.edu FU NSF [0831865, 1343222, 1064953, 1156318, 1156311]; ONR [N000141310080] FX This research was supported in part by NSF Grants 0831865, 1343222, 1064953, 1156318, 1156311, and ONR Grant N000141310080. The work of S. Kompella was supported by the ONR. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-6806 BN 978-0-7695-5104-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF MOB PY 2013 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.1109/MASS.2013.80 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BA1QB UT WOS:000332850500010 ER PT S AU Abramovich, YI Antonio, GS Frazer, GJ AF Abramovich, Yuri I. Antonio, Geoffrey San Frazer, Gordon J. GP IEEE TI Over-the-Horizon Radar Signal-to-External Noise Ratio Improvement in Over-Sampled Uniform 2D Antenna Arrays: Theoretical Analysis of Superdirective SNR Gains SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS DE Over-the-horizon radar; 2D phased array; superdirectivity; oversampled array; mutual coupling; HF AB We present the results of theoretical signal-to-noise (SNR) performance assessment for optimal (adaptive) and conventionally beamformed uniform rectangular antenna arrays with inter-element spacing smaller than the half-wavelength. We provide theoretical analysis of SNR in such arrays, exposed to strong night-time external noise arriving from all azimuth (Az) and elevation (El) angles. In addition to uniform (in Az and El) noise distribution, we also consider two distributions uniform in Az but "tapered" in elevation. This elevation "tapering" accounts for more realistic external noise propagation mechanisms. For uniform external noise, the definitions of the output signal-to-external noise ratio (SENR) coincides with directivity; and therefore, any SINR gains delivered by the optimum (vs. conventional) beamforming are exclusively associated with the superdirectivity of these arrays. We analyze these superdirective SNR gains for uniform and "tapered" in El external noise distributions with respect to different limiting factors, including mutual coupling, calibration accuracy, and internal noise. We demonstrate that within the frequency range such that d/lambda=[1/5, 1], the optimum (adaptive) beamforming may secure practically constant SNR gains, equal to 10 log(10) N, where N is the number of antenna elements in an array. C1 [Abramovich, Yuri I.] WR Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Antonio, Geoffrey San] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Frazer, Gordon J.] DSTO, ISR Div, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Abramovich, YI (reprint author), WR Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. FU Office of Naval Research under an NRL 6.1 Base Program FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under an NRL 6.1 Base Program. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800107 ER PT S AU Baylis, C Martin, J Fellows, M Moon, D Moldovan, M Cohen, L Marks, RJ AF Baylis, Charles Martin, Josh Fellows, Matthew Moon, David Moldovan, Matt Cohen, Lawrence Marks, Robert J., II GP IEEE TI Radar Power Amplifier Circuit and Waveform Optimization for Spectrally Confined, Reconfigurable Radar Systems SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS AB Increasingly stringent spectral spreading constraints are motivating a paradigm shift in the spectrum engineering of radar systems. Future spectrum requirements will likely dictate narrower spectral masks that will change based on geography. The desire to operate radar systems efficiently with waveforms that will provide desired detection capabilities must mesh with the need to meet spectral mask criteria. To this end, a collaborative research effort between Baylor University and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has resulted in the design of reconfigurable circuit and waveform approaches to optimize spectral confinement, power efficiency, and detection capabilities. This paper surveys the joint optimization approach and describes innovations by the authors in circuit and waveform reconfiguration that will be useful in future flexible radar transmitters. C1 [Baylis, Charles; Martin, Josh; Fellows, Matthew; Moon, David; Moldovan, Matt; Marks, Robert J., II] Baylor Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wireless & Microwave Circuits & Syst Program, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Cohen, Lawrence] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baylis, C (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wireless & Microwave Circuits & Syst Program, Waco, TX 76798 USA. FU United States Naval Research Laboratory to Baylor University; Advanced Design System software; Modelithics University Program FX This work has been funded under a grant from the United States Naval Research Laboratory to Baylor University. The authors wish to thank Agilent Technologies for cost-free loan of the Advanced Design System software, and Modelithics for the donation of simulation device model libraries through the Modelithics University Program. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800074 ER PT S AU Griffiths, H Blunt, S Cohen, L Savy, L AF Griffiths, Hugh Blunt, Shannon Cohen, Larry Savy, Laurent GP IEEE TI Challenge Problems in Spectrum Engineering and Waveform Diversity SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS ID TRANSMITTERS AB We describe and discuss some of the current challenges facing radar that result from continued spectral encroachment, which necessitating enhanced robustness to interference, agile waveform-diverse operation, and greater synergy between the signal processing and the physical radar/environment. Subsequently, specific research topics are suggested in which spectrum engineering and waveform diversity may yield viable solutions. In so doing, this paper also provides an introduction to the special session on radar spectrum engineering and waveform diversity affiliated with NATO Task Groups SET-182 and SET-179, respectively. C1 [Griffiths, Hugh] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Blunt, Shannon] Univ Kansas, Kansas City, KS USA. [Cohen, Larry] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Savy, Laurent] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Palaiseau, France. RP Griffiths, H (reprint author), UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. FU NATO [SET-179, SET-182] FX We acknowledge the contributions of all of our colleagues on the NATO SET-179 and SET-182 Task Groups. We also express our thanks to the various organisations that have funded our work, which include the UK Ministry of Defence, and the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800177 ER PT S AU Gulum, TO Erdogan, AY Durak-Ata, L Yildirim, T Pace, PE AF Gulum, Taylan O. Erdogan, A. Yasin Durak-Ata, Lutfiye Yildirim, Tulay Pace, Phillip E. GP IEEE TI Elliptic Gaussian Filtering for Time-Frequency Signal Analysis SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS ID DISTRIBUTIONS AB Increased use of low probability of intercept (LPI) waveforms in current radar systems, enforces the use of sophisticated hardware and signal processing algorithms in intercept receiver technology. In this study, an adaptive filtering technique based on elliptic Gaussian filter is proposed to be used by intercept receivers. The filter is implemented on Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) images of different intercepted LPI radar waveforms to de-noise the image in order to help the Electronic Support operators in the signal analysis effort. The slope of the LFM waveforms, thus the filter's, can be determined by using Hough Transform, Radon Transform or any other method. C1 [Gulum, Taylan O.; Erdogan, A. Yasin; Durak-Ata, Lutfiye; Yildirim, Tulay] Yildiz Tech Univ, Dept Eln & Comms Engn, Davutpasa, Ist, Turkey. [Pace, Phillip E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gulum, TO (reprint author), Yildiz Tech Univ, Dept Eln & Comms Engn, Davutpasa, Ist, Turkey. EM gulum.taylan@ieee.org; erdogan.yasin@ieee.org; lutfiye@ieee.org; tulay@yildiz.edu.tr; pepace@nps.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800010 ER PT S AU Higgins, T Webster, T Shackelford, AK AF Higgins, Thomas Webster, Tegan Shackelford, Aaron K. GP IEEE TI Mitigating Interference via Spatial and Spectral Nulling: Open Air Experimental Results SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS AB Phase only transmit nulling may help the next generation of radar systems operate in an over-crowded RF spectrum. Open air experimental results from an eight-channel X-band radar test bed are presented that demonstrate an approach for generating constant modulus waveforms that possess spatial nulls when transmitted from an antenna array. The Re-iterative Uniform Weight Optimization (RUWO) algorithm is utilized to generate phase only weights using both a deterministic and adaptive approach. The two strategies are compared. The results demonstrate that RUWO can be used to create spatial nulls and highlight the need for careful calibration of both the transmitter and receiver. C1 [Higgins, Thomas; Webster, Tegan; Shackelford, Aaron K.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Higgins, T (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800200 ER PT S AU Seguin, SA Cordill, BD Cohen, L AF Seguin, Sarah A. Cordill, Brian D. Cohen, Lawrence GP IEEE TI Radar System Impacts due to Spectrum Attributes of Frequency-Steerable Phased Array Antenn SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS DE Radar; radar clutter; antennas; antenna arrays; phased arrays; slot antennas AB Possible differences between boresight and off-boresight emissions of phased array radar systems can impact a radar system's performance. This could result in a distorted transmitted radar waveform. In order to understand the significance of this distortion on a radar system, a simulation study was completed for a notional 3.5 GHz radar having both a continuous wave pulsed waveform and a linear FM waveform. This simulation study was verified using available measurement data. The radar system's performance was then assessed by using radar ambiguity plots for each of these radar waveforms. It was concluded that some distortion is present even on-boresight in addition to the off-boresight emissions difference. Further understanding of the specific off-boresight distortion could lead to better clutter suppression. C1 [Seguin, Sarah A.; Cordill, Brian D.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Cohen, Lawrence] Div Radar, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Seguin, SA (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM seguin@ku.edu; bcordill@ku.edu; lawrence.cohen@nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800172 ER PT S AU Vouras, P AF Vouras, Peter GP IEEE TI Multistage Adaptive Pulse Compression SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS AB Many modern radar systems employ pulse compression to maximize the energy on target while maintaining high range resolution. For a solitary point target in white noise, employing a matched filter on receive will maximize the target signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of the receiver. The matched filter itself is a time-reversed version of the transmitted waveform which is convolved with the received time series to pulse compress the data. A drawback to the matched filter receiver is the range sidelobes which extend on either side of the point target and may mask another weaker target. To reduce range sidelobes after pulse compression, novel adaptive pulse compression techniques have been developed. One such technique is the Reiterative Minimum Mean Square Error Adaptive Pulse Compression (RMMSE-APC) algorithm. This algorithm employs an optimal compression filter at each range bin and significantly reduces the range sidelobes in the vicinity of large targets. In this paper, a pulse compression filter with output identical to the RMMSE filter is derived by employing a multi-stage decomposition of the Wiener filter. A reduced rank version of the Multi-Stage Wiener Filter (MSWF) with lower computational complexity can be created by pruning the number of stages in the decomposition. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vouras, P (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800202 ER PT S AU Vouras, P AF Vouras, Peter GP IEEE TI Impact of Environmental Scattering on Transmit Nulling Performance SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS AB Promising techniques have recently been developed for creating nulls in the transmit sidelobes of a radar by using the signal from a nearby auxiliary antenna. In operational settings, the performance of these nulling techniques will be sensitive to electromagnetic scattering from objects in the vicinity of the antennas. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the impact of environmental and multipath scattering on transmit nulling performance for a radar system comprised of a main antenna and an auxiliary. A case study example is described for scattering off the ocean surface. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vouras, P (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800196 ER PT S AU Webster, T Cheney, M Mokole, EL AF Webster, Tegan Cheney, Margaret Mokole, Eric L. GP IEEE TI Modeling of Transmission, Scattering, and Reception for Multistatic Polarimetric Radar SO 2013 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Ottawa Sect, AESS ID BISTATIC SCATTERING; DIPOLE; PULSE AB This paper develops a data model and corresponding imaging operation for multistatic polarimetric radar. The mathematical model describes the processes of radiation from a transmitting antenna, scattering from a moving target, and reception at a receiving antenna. A bistatic scattering matrix based on physical optics and the fast-time Doppler effects of a moving target are incorporated. Simulations are presented that consider a moving target in multiple transmitter and receiver configurations with multiple transmit waveforms and polarization schemes. C1 [Webster, Tegan; Mokole, Eric L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cheney, Margaret] Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Webster, T (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Naval Research Laboratory; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0013] FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory, the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under agreement FA9550-09-1-0013 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4673-5794-4; 978-1-4673-5792-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2013 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BA1GF UT WOS:000332480800098 ER PT B AU Manso, M Manso, B AF Manso, Marco Manso, Barbara BE Akhgar, B Yates, S TI The Role of Social Media in Crisis: A European Holistic Approach to the Adoption of Online and Mobile Communications in Crisis Response and Search and Rescue Efforts SO STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE MANAGEMENT: NATIONAL SECURITY IMPERATIVES AND INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Manso, Marco] TEKEVER, Commun Syst Dept, Lisbon, Portugal. [Manso, Marco; Manso, Barbara] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Manso, Marco; Manso, Barbara] Portuguese Mil Acad, Lisbon, Portugal. [Manso, Marco] Univ Evora, Evora, Portugal. [Manso, Barbara] TEKEVER, Image & Commun, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Manso, M (reprint author), TEKEVER, Commun Syst Dept, Lisbon, Portugal. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI BURLINGTON PA 30 CORPORATE DRIVE, STE 400, BURLINGTON, MA 01803 USA BN 978-0-12-407219-0; 978-0-12-407191-9 PY 2013 BP 93 EP 107 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Criminology & Penology SC Computer Science; Criminology & Penology GA BA0MW UT WOS:000331907600010 ER PT S AU Thakur, D Likhachev, M Keller, J Kumar, V Dobrokhodov, V Jones, K Wurz, J Kaminer, I AF Thakur, Dinesh Likhachev, Maxim Keller, James Kumar, Vijay Dobrokhodov, Vladimir Jones, Kevin Wurz, Jeff Kaminer, Isaac BE Amato, N TI Planning for Opportunistic Surveillance with Multiple Robots SO 2013 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS) SE IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) CY NOV 03-08, 2013 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Robot Soc Japan, New Technol Fdn, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Kawada Robot, Reflexxes GmbH, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn, Tateisi Sci & Technol Fdn ID TEAM ORIENTEERING PROBLEM; TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM; SOLVE AB We are interested in the multiple robot surveillance problem where robots must allocate waypoints to be visited among themselves and plan paths through different waypoints while avoiding obstacles. Furthermore, the robots are allocated specific times to reach their respective goal locations and as a result they have to decide which robots have to visit which waypoints. Such a problem has the challenge of computing the allocation of waypoints across robots, ordering for these waypoints and dynamical feasibility of the paths between waypoints. We present an algorithm that runs a series of graph searches to solve the problem and provide theoretical analysis that our approach yields an optimal solution. We present simulated results as well as experiments on two UAVs that validate the capability of our algorithm. For a single robot, we can solve instances having 10-15 waypoints and for multiple robots, instances having five robots and 10 waypoints can be solved. C1 [Thakur, Dinesh; Keller, James; Kumar, Vijay] Univ Penn, Grasp Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Likhachev, Maxim] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Wurz, Jeff; Kaminer, Isaac] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Thakur, D (reprint author), Univ Penn, Grasp Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU ONR [N00014-09-1-1031, 10936907] FX We would like to acknowledge the Joint Interagency Field Exploration (JIFX) organizers at the Naval Postgraduate School who enabled us to validate these algorithms in a flight test setting at their McMillan Airfield, Camp Roberts, CA facility. Furthermore, we gratefully acknowledge support from ONR grants N00014-09-1-1031 and 10936907. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-0858 BN 978-1-4673-6358-7 J9 IEEE INT C INT ROBOT PY 2013 BP 5750 EP 5757 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BA0HU UT WOS:000331367405120 ER PT J AU Yoho, KD Rietjens, S Tatham, P AF Yoho, Keenan D. Rietjens, Sebastiaan Tatham, Peter TI Defence logistics: an important research field in need of researchers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION & LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Defence logistics; Military logistics; Business logistics; Logistics; Operations; Warfare; Defence sector ID HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS; SUPPLY NETWORK; MANAGEMENT AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to the special issue on defence logistics. To achieve this, an overview of the field of defence logistics is offered together with a discussion of the historical and contemporary issues that have confronted researchers and practitioners. Current research is described, and a research agenda for future work in the field is proposed. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based upon a conceptual discussion of defence logistics as it has been studied in the past and is being studied in the present, and a reflection on the ways in which past research can usefully inform future research agendas. Findings - The paper discusses the current state of defence logistics research, and proposes a research agenda for future work based upon the anticipated characteristics of future combat operations. Research limitations/implications - A future research agenda is proposed that is informed by recent transformations in the conduct of warfare, as well as through anticipated changes in the global strategic landscape. Comparisons are made between defence logistics operations and their commercial counterparts to illustrate where there may be opportunities for adaptation based on the underlying similarities. Originality/value - This paper discusses the major threads and themes of defence logistics research as a discipline, highlights the changing landscape of conflict in the 21st century and provides a future research agenda for those working in the field. C1 [Yoho, Keenan D.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Rietjens, Sebastiaan] Netherlands Def Acad, Fac Mil Sci, Breda, Netherlands. [Tatham, Peter] Griffith Univ, Griffith Business Sch, Gold Coast, Australia. RP Yoho, KD (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kdyoho@nps.edu RI Hu, Albert/E-1722-2016 NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0960-0035 EI 1758-664X J9 INT J PHYS DISTR LOG JI Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag. PY 2013 VL 43 IS 2 SI SI BP 80 EP 96 DI 10.1108/IJPDLM.03-2012.0079 PG 17 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA AC1PS UT WOS:000332269100001 ER PT J AU Zhou, Z Peng, Z Xie, P Cui, JH Jiang, ZH AF Zhou, Zhong Peng, Zheng Xie, Peng Cui, Jun-Hong Jiang, Zaihan TI Exploring random access and handshaking techniques in underwater wireless acoustic networks SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-AVOIDANCE PROTOCOL; EFFICIENT MAC PROTOCOL; SENSOR NETWORKS; RESERVATION; CHALLENGES AB In this article, we study the medium access control (MAC) problem in underwater wireless acoustic networks. We explore the random access and handshaking (i.e., RTS/CTS) techniques in both single-channel and multi-channel network scenarios. We model and analyze these two approaches, and conduct extensive simulations to study their performance in various network conditions. Based on our results, we observe that the performance of both approaches are affected by many factors such as data rate, propagation delay and packet size. Our results show that the RTS/CTS approach is more suitable for dense networks with high date rate, whereas the random access approach is preferred in sparse networks with low data rate. Our results also demonstrate that multi-channel techniques can potentially help us combat the long delay feature of underwater acoustic channels. However, uncoordinated random channel access cannot fully exploit the advantages of the multi-channel network settings and it performs even worse than the single-channel random access protocol. Only with careful design and coordination such as multi-channel access with RTS/CTS handshaking process, can multi-channel MAC protocols greatly improve the system performance. We believe that this study will provide useful guidelines for efficient MAC design in underwater wireless acoustic networks. C1 [Zhou, Zhong; Peng, Zheng; Xie, Peng; Cui, Jun-Hong] Univ Connecticut, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Jiang, Zaihan] Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Zhou, Z (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM zhz05002@engr.uconn.edu; zhenpeng@engr.uconn.edu; xp@engr.uconn.edu; jcui@engr.uconn.edu; zaihan.jiang@nrl.navy.mil RI Peng, Zheng/J-3629-2014 OI Peng, Zheng/0000-0001-9055-1436 NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1687-1499 J9 EURASIP J WIREL COMM JI EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. PY 2013 AR 95 DI 10.1186/1687-1499-2013-95 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 175PD UT WOS:000321241800001 ER PT S AU Willard, MA Daniil, M AF Willard, Matthew A. Daniil, Maria BE Buschow, KHJ TI NANOCRYSTALLINE SOFT MAGNETIC ALLOYS TWO DECADES OF PROGRESS SO HANDBOOK OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS, VOL 21 SE Handbook of Magnetic Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NB-SI-B; FE-ZR-B; ULTRAFINE GRAIN-STRUCTURE; FINEMET-TYPE ALLOYS; HIGH SATURATION MAGNETIZATION; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FE73.5SI13.5B9NB3CU1 AMORPHOUS ALLOY; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; LOW-TEMPERATURE MAGNETIZATION; HIGH-FREQUENCY APPLICATIONS C1 [Willard, Matthew A.] US Naval Res Lab, Magnet Mat & Nanostruct Sect, Washington, DC USA. [Willard, Matthew A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Daniil, Maria] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Willard, MA (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Magnet Mat & Nanostruct Sect, Washington, DC USA. OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 NR 514 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER NORTH HOLLAND PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-2719 BN 978-0-444-59595-9; 978-0-444-59593-5 J9 HBK MAGN MAT PY 2013 VL 21 BP 173 EP 342 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-59593-5.00004-0 PG 170 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BA0AI UT WOS:000330795400004 ER PT J AU Book, JW Perkins, H Wimbush, M AF Book, Jeffrey W. Perkins, Henry Wimbush, Mark TI Correction to "North Adriatic tides: observations, variational data assimilation modeling, and linear tide dynamics" SO GEOFIZIKA LA English DT Article AB A precision/round-off error has been discovered in the tidal analysis routines used in the paper "North Adriatic tides: observations, variational data assimilation modeling, and linear tide dynamics" by J. W. Book, H. Perkins, and M. Wimbush (2009, Geofizika, 26, 115-143). Tidal elevation phases for 12 of the 15 stations are, on average, too low by 3.9 degrees for the diurnal constituents and 7.9 degrees for the semidiurnal constituents in Tabs. 4 and 5. These tables have been corrected and are republished here. The error also had an effect on the input data used for the linear variational data assimilation model, and combined with a nearest neighbor interpolation scheme produced an approximate 15 minute forward shift in time for 6 of the 43 synthesized tidal records. The error produced final model solutions that had tidal elevation phases 3.5 degrees too high for M-2, 1.6 degrees too high for K-1, and similar matching phase shifts for other semidiurnal and diurnal constituents. The errors in the input data have been corrected, the interpolation scheme has been changed to a piecewise cubic spline method, and the model runs have all been redone. The new model results suggest a minor change in optimal friction parameter, which in turn alters model Q factors and dissipation. However, the original finding that these values are not well determined by this methodology remains true. Model and observational results originally shown in Figs. 5-7 and Figs. 13-14 have slightly changed and are republished here. The main conclusions from the original work regarding Kelvin waves and TRW dynamics for the North Adriatic basin remain unaltered by these corrections. C1 [Book, Jeffrey W.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Perkins, Henry] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Wimbush, Mark] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Book, JW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM book@nrlssc.navy.mil; mwimbush@mail.uri.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV ZAGREB , ANDRIJA MOHOROVICIC GEOPHYS INST PI ZAGREB PA FAC SCIENCE, HORVATOVAC BB, ZAGREB, 10000, CROATIA SN 0352-3659 EI 1846-6346 J9 GEOFIZIKA JI Geofizika PY 2013 VL 30 IS 2 BP 191 EP 200 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AA6PF UT WOS:000331219600006 ER PT J AU Koehler, AD Anderson, TJ Weaver, BD Tadjer, MJ Hobart, KD Kub, FJ AF Koehler, Andrew D. Anderson, Travis J. Weaver, Bradley D. Tadjer, Marko J. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Francis J. GP IEEE TI Degradation of Dynamic ON-Resistance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Under Proton Irradiation SO 2013 1ST IEEE WORKSHOP ON WIDE BANDGAP POWER DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS (WIPDA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual IEEE Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications (WiPDA) CY OCT 27-29, 2013 CL Columbus, OH SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Power Elect Soc, Electron Devices Soc ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS AB SiNx-passivated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on Si substrates demonstrated high tolerance to 2 MeV proton irradiation, up to a dose of 6 x 10(14) cm(-2). Radiation-induced changes were observed in Hall mobility, two-dimensional electron gas sheet carrier density, sheet resistance, ON-resistance, transconductance, threshold voltage, and dynamic ON-resistance. Dynamic ON-resistance was measured by pulsing to ON-state from OFF-state quiescent points with drain voltages up to 20 V. The dynamic ON-resistance measured from high OFF-state quiescent voltages was more sensitive to irradiation than the DC and Hall parameters, making the dynamic ON-resistance measurement useful in characterizing radiation-induced degradation. C1 [Koehler, Andrew D.; Anderson, Travis J.; Weaver, Bradley D.; Tadjer, Marko J.; Hobart, Karl D.; Kub, Francis J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Koehler, AD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andrew.koehler@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1194-3 PY 2013 BP 112 EP 114 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA0EW UT WOS:000331112200026 ER PT B AU Garfinkel, SL Beebe, N Liu, LS Maasberg, M AF Garfinkel, Simson L. Beebe, Nicole Liu, Lishu Maasberg, Michele GP IEEE TI Detecting Threatening Insiders with Lightweight Media Forensics SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY (HST) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST) CY NOV 12-14, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE, IEEE USA, IEEE Biometr Council, Massport, Govt Technol and Serv Coalit, Boston Prod Management Assoc, Massachusetts High Technol Council, Market Res Media, IEEE Women Engn, Domest Preparedness Com, DPJ Weekly Brief, DomPrep Journal, IEEE Boston Sect ID ALGORITHM; ROBUST AB This research uses machine learning and outlier analysis to detect potentially hostile insiders through the automated analysis of stored data on cell phones, laptops, and desktop computers belonging to members of an organization. Whereas other systems look for specific signatures associated with hostile insider activity, our system is based on the creation of a "storage profile" for each user and then an automated analysis of all the storage profiles in the organization, with the purpose of finding storage outliers. Our hypothesis is that malicious insiders will have specific data and concentrations of data that differ from their colleagues and coworkers. By exploiting these differences, we can identify potentially hostile insiders. Our system is based on a combination of existing open source computer forensic tools and datamining algorithms. We modify these tools to perform a "lightweight" analysis based on statistical sampling over time. In this, our approach is both efficient and privacy sensitive. As a result, we can detect not just individuals that differ from their co-workers, but also insiders that differ from their historic norms. Accordingly, we should be able to detect insiders that have been "turned" by events or outside organizations. We should also be able to detect insider accounts that have been taken over by outsiders. Our project, now in its first year, is a three-year project funded by the Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Cyber Security Division. In this paper we describe the underlying approach and demonstrate how the storage profile is created and collected using specially modified open source tools. We also present the results of running these tools on a 500GB corpus of simulated insider threat data created by the Naval Postgraduate School in 2008 under grant from the National Science Foundation. C1 [Garfinkel, Simson L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Beebe, Nicole; Liu, Lishu; Maasberg, Michele] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Informat Syst & Cyber Secur, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Garfinkel, SL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM slgarfin@nps.edu; Nicole.Beebe@utsa.edu; Lishu.Liu@utsa.edu; Michele.Maasberg@utsa.edu FU DHS ST [BAA 11-02-TTA 04-0108-I] FX The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense, the Department of Homeland Security, or the U.S. Government. This research was funded in part under DHS S&T Proposal BAA 11-02-TTA 04-0108-I NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1535-4; 978-1-4799-3963-3 PY 2013 BP 86 EP 92 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BA0AD UT WOS:000330768500016 ER PT B AU Hutcheson, AL Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Mitchell, LJ Johnson, WN Leas, BE AF Hutcheson, Anthony L. Phlips, Bernard F. Wulf, Eric A. Mitchell, Lee J. Johnson, W. Neil Leas, Byron E. GP IEEE TI Maritime Detection of Radiological/Nuclear Threats with Hybrid Imaging System SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY (HST) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST) CY NOV 12-14, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE, IEEE USA, IEEE Biometr Council, Massport, Govt Technol and Serv Coalit, Boston Prod Management Assoc, Massachusetts High Technol Council, Market Res Media, IEEE Women Engn, Domest Preparedness Com, DPJ Weekly Brief, DomPrep Journal, IEEE Boston Sect DE special nuclear materials; stand-off detection; coded aperture; gamma detection; neutron detection; maritime detection AB Improved detection of weapons of mass destruction is one of the Science and Technology priorities of the Secretary of Defense for Fiscal Years 2013-2017. Unfortunately, the remote detection of special nuclear materials is difficult because the materials are not very radioactive, the radiation signatures decrease rapidly with distance, and faint sources of radiation can be obscured by naturally occurring and man-made radioactive sources. The Radiation Detection Section of the High Energy Space Environment Branch of the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory has developed the SuperMISTI stand-off detection system for maritime environments. The instrument was deployed at Norfolk Naval Station in July 2012 as part of the Manta technology demonstration to determine the on-water performance of the system. Detailed descriptions of the SuperMISTI system and its operation are given. C1 [Hutcheson, Anthony L.; Phlips, Bernard F.; Wulf, Eric A.; Mitchell, Lee J.; Johnson, W. Neil] US Naval Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Leas, Byron E.] SRA Int Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Hutcheson, AL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 FU Maritime Weapons of Mass Destruction Detection Program of the Office of Naval Research FX The authors of this work gratefully acknowledge the funding from the Maritime Weapons of Mass Destruction Detection Program of the Office of Naval Research. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1535-4; 978-1-4799-3963-3 PY 2013 BP 360 EP 363 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BA0AD UT WOS:000330768500059 ER PT J AU Carpenter, RJ Refugio, ON Adams, N O'Brien, KP Johnson, MD Groff, HL Maves, RC Bavaro, MF Crum-Cianflone, NF AF Carpenter, Robert J. Refugio, Oliver N. Adams, Nehkonti O'Brien, Kevin P. Johnson, Mark D. Groff, Harold L. Maves, Ryan C. Bavaro, Mary F. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. TI Prevalence and factors associated with asymptomatic gonococcal and chlamydial infection among US Navy and Marine Corps men infected with the HIV: a cohort study SO BMJ OPEN LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; MALE ARMY RECRUITS; SAN-FRANCISCO; UNITED-STATES; PHARYNGEAL CHLAMYDIA; PRIMARY-CARE; GONORRHEA; SEX; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH AB Objectives: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) can facilitate transmission of HIV. Men who have sex with men (MSM) may harbour infections at genital and extragenital sites. Data regarding extragenital GC and CT infections in military populations are lacking. We examined the prevalence and factors associated with asymptomatic GC and CT infection among this category of HIV-infected military personnel. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study (pilot). Setting: Infectious diseases clinic at a single military treatment facility in San Diego, CA. Participants: Ninety-nine HIV-positive men were evaluated-79% men who had sex with men, mean age 31 years, 36% black and 33% married. Inclusion criteria: male, HIV-infected, Department of Defense beneficiary. Exclusion criteria: any symptom related to the urethra, pharynx or rectum. Primary outcome measures: GC and CT screening results. Results: Twenty-four per cent were infected with either GC or CT. Rectal swabs were positive in 18% for CT and 3% for GC; pharynx swabs were positive in 8% for GC and 2% for CT. Only one infection was detected in the urine (GC). Anal sex (p=0.04), male partner (OR 7.02, p=0.04) and sex at least once weekly (OR 3.28, p=0.04) were associated with infection. Associated demographics included age <35 years (OR 6.27, p=0.02), non-Caucasian ethnicity (p=0.03), <3 years since HIV diagnosis (OR 2.75, p=0.04) and previous sexually transmitted infection (STI) (OR 5.10, p=0.001). Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of extragenital GC/CT infection among HIV-infected military men. Only one infection was detected in the urine, signalling the need for aggressive three-site screening of MSM. Clinicians should be aware of the high prevalence in order to enhance health through comprehensive STI screening practices. C1 [Carpenter, Robert J.; Adams, Nehkonti; O'Brien, Kevin P.; Johnson, Mark D.; Groff, Harold L.; Maves, Ryan C.; Bavaro, Mary F.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Refugio, Oliver N.; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Carpenter, RJ (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM rjc311@gmail.com OI Carpenter, Robert/0000-0002-6546-6122 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 2044-6055 J9 BMJ OPEN JI BMJ Open PY 2013 VL 3 IS 5 AR e002775 DI 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002775 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 301NF UT WOS:000330538300077 ER PT J AU Levush, B Abe, D Pasour, J Cooke, S Wood, F Larsen, P Nguyen, K Wright, E Pershing, D Balkcum, A AF Levush, Baruch Abe, David Pasour, John Cooke, Simon Wood, Frank Larsen, Paul Nguyen, K. Wright, E. Pershing, D. Balkcum, Adam GP IEEE TI Sheet Electron Beam Millimeter-Wave Amplifiers at the Naval Research Laboratory SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROWAVES, COMMUNICATIONS, ANTENNAS AND ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS (IEEE COMCAS 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronic Systems (COMCAS) CY OCT 21-23, 2013 CL Tel Aviv, ISRAEL SP IEEE DE Vacuum electronics; sheet electron beam; traveling-wave tube; helix TWT; extended interaction klystron; coupled-cavity TWT AB To meet the need to transmit increasingly massive volumes of data, both the defense and commercial sectors are turning to higher operational frequencies to take advantage of larger signal bandwidths while concurrently requiring increased amplifier power to achieve the necessary signal-to-noise ratios over large transmission distances. In response to these needs, the last decade has seen a leap in performance of a variety of millimeter-wave devices. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the principal U.S. Department of Defense R&D center focused on the development of the science and technology behind new millimeter-wave high power solid-state and vacuum electronic devices. Selected examples of NRLs research projects are described with an emphasis on high power millimeter-wave vacuum electronic devices. C1 [Levush, Baruch; Abe, David; Pasour, John; Cooke, Simon; Wood, Frank; Larsen, Paul] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, K.; Wright, E.; Pershing, D.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Balkcum, Adam] Commun Power Ind Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Levush, B (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5756-2 PY 2013 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BJT67 UT WOS:000330240700008 ER PT S AU Dillner, DK Ferrante, RF Fitzgerald, JP Schroeder, MJ AF Dillner, Debra K. Ferrante, Robert F. Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P. Schroeder, Maria J. BE Chapp, TW Benvenuto, MA TI Global Curriculum Changes To Facilitate Undergraduate Research Experiences SO DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING A SUCCESSFUL UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH PROGRAM SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ ID LABORATORY PROGRAM; CHEMISTRY; STUDENTS; BENEFITS AB Participation of undergraduates in research has increased over the years in response to initiatives from various professional societies and educational organizations. Undergraduate research provides a unique learning experience benefitting the student, faculty mentor, and institution. At the U.S. Naval Academy, we completely redesigned our chemistry majors' curriculum to require senior projects of all of our majors. The restructured laboratory curriculum is based on four semesters of integrated laboratory, a sequence organized around broad themes in chemistry such as separation/purification, synthesis, qualitative analysis, and quantitative analysis rather than traditional subdisciplines within chemistry. The integrated laboratory curriculum has facilitated the inclusion of a research or capstone experience for all of our chemistry majors. Here we report the development of our integrated laboratory sequence, the two tracks for our senior students to participate in research/capstone projects, challenges with implementation, outcomes, and advice to other institutions. These changes required significant effort in redesigning our curriculum and the acceptance of undergraduate research as a culminating experience worthy of faculty and administrative support. However, we have felt it was worth our effort as our number of majors has increased, students seem dramatically more satisfied with the major, interactions between students and faculty have increased, and research productivity seems to have been enhanced. C1 [Dillner, Debra K.; Ferrante, Robert F.; Fitzgerald, Jeffrey P.; Schroeder, Maria J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Dillner, DK (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM schroede@usna.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2928-0 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2013 VL 1156 BP 163 EP 186 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA BJU38 UT WOS:000330550400011 ER PT B AU Garth, TS AF Garth, Todd S. BE Rocha, C TI Pariahs in the Wilderness: Abject Masculinity in Horacio Quiroga SO MODERN ARGENTINE MASCULINITIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Garth, TS (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTELLECT LTD PI OXFORD PA KENNETT HOUSE, SUITE 2 108/110 LONDON RD, OXFORD OX3 9AW, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78320-083-2; 978-1-78320-015-3 PY 2013 BP 89 EP 107 PG 19 WC Cultural Studies SC Cultural Studies GA BJP85 UT WOS:000329524600006 ER PT S AU Park, D Han, DK Ko, H AF Park, Dubok Han, David K. Ko, Hanseok GP IEEE TI SINGLE IMAGE HAZE REMOVAL WITH WLS-BASED EDGE-PRESERVING SMOOTHING FILTER SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP) SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY MAY 26-31, 2013 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Proc Soc DE Air-light; dehazing; image smoothing; multi-scale tone manipulation; transmission map ID MODEL AB Images captured under hazy conditions have low contrast and poor color. This is primarily due to air-light which degrades image quality according to the transmission map. The approach to enhance these hazy images we introduce here is based on the 'Dark-Channel Prior' method with image refinement by the 'Weighted Least Square' based edge-preserving smoothing. Local contrast is further enhanced by multi-scale tone manipulation. The proposed method improves the contrast, color and detail for the entire image domain effectively. In the experiment, we compare the proposed method with conventional methods to validate performance. C1 [Park, Dubok] Korea Univ, Dept Visual Informat Proc, Seoul, South Korea. [Han, David K.] Off Naval Res, Ocean Engn & Marine Syst Team, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Ko, Hanseok] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Park, D (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Visual Informat Proc, Seoul, South Korea. RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 FU Seoul RBD Program [WR080951] FX This research was supported by Seoul R&BD Program(WR080951) NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4799-0356-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2013 BP 2469 EP 2473 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BJQ19 UT WOS:000329611502128 ER PT S AU Nieh, JY Romero, RA AF Nieh, Jo-Yen Romero, Ric A. GP IEEE TI Ambiguity Function and Detection Probability Considerations for Matched Waveform Design SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP) SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY MAY 26-31, 2013 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Proc Soc DE waveform design; range resolution; ambiguity function; eigenwaveform AB In this paper we investigate the range resolution of transmit waveform designs matched to extended targets. We specifically look at eigenwaveform design which is also known as SNR-based illumination waveform design. To that end, we evaluate some ambiguity functions of radar systems employing eigenwaveforms. We consider some example targets and plot the corresponding ambiguity functions. Unlike traditional waveforms whose responses totally dictate the shape of the ambiguity function, both matched illumination waveform and extended target response contribute to the shape of the ambiguity function. In other words, range and Doppler resolutions are not just functions of the transmit waveform but of the target response itself which makes for interesting ambiguity functions. Moreover, we also evaluate the detection probability of eigenwaveforms matched to extended targets and show the performance improvement over wideband pulsed waveform designs. C1 [Nieh, Jo-Yen; Romero, Ric A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nieh, JY (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jnieh@nps.edu; rnromero@nps.edu NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4799-0356-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2013 BP 4280 EP 4284 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BJQ19 UT WOS:000329611504089 ER PT S AU Kanaev, AV Miller, CW Seanor, CJ Murray-Krezan, J AF Kanaev, Andrey V. Miller, Christopher W. Seanor, Collin J. Murray-Krezan, Jeremy BE Henry, DJ Lange, DA VonBerg, DL Rajan, SD Walls, TJ Young, DL TI Situational awareness investigation using tracking and enhancement of imagery with highly dynamic lighting conditions SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications X CY MAY 01-02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Optical Flow; Super-Resolution; image enhancement; computational imaging ID OPTIC FLOW METHODS AB We report on the application of Optical Flow (OF) and state-of-the art multi-frame Super-Resolution (SR) algorithms to imagery that models space objects (SOs). Specifically, we demonstrate the ability to track SOs through sequences consisting of tens of images using different OF algorithms and show dependence of the tracking accuracy on illumination condition changes and on the values of pixel displacements between neighboring images. Additionally, we demonstrate spatial acuity enhancement of the pixel limited resolution of SO motion imagery by applying a novel SR algorithm accounting for OF errors. C1 [Kanaev, Andrey V.; Miller, Christopher W.] US Naval Res Lab, 4550 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20032 USA. [Seanor, Collin J.; Murray-Krezan, Jeremy] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kanaev, AV (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4550 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20032 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9504-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8713 AR UNSP 87130S DI 10.1117/12.2016393 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BJQ20 UT WOS:000329624400023 ER PT J AU Barrett, BS Longoria, MIE AF Barrett, B. S. Esquivel Longoria, M. I. TI Variability of precipitation and temperature in Guanajuato, Mexico SO ATMOSFERA LA English DT Article DE Climatology of Guanajuato; rainfall; temperature; intraseasonal variability ID AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; MODULATION; RAINFALL; CIRCULATION; PATTERNS; MONSOON; SEASON; INDEX AB Variability of precipitation and temperature was examined on multiple time scales using data from five surface observing stations in the center of Guanajuato state, Mexico, as well as gridded data from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). Frequency of days with total precipitation exceeding the 90th percentile was not found to have increased from 1979-2011. However, frequency of days with maximum temperature above the 90th percentile more than doubled from 1979-2011, and frequency of days with maximum temperature below the 10th percentile decreased by almost half over the same period, an important result given the scarcity of water resources for the agriculture-based economy. Precipitation within the growing season was found to vary by phase of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), with MJO phases 1-3 associated with above-normal rainfall and MJO phases 4-7 with normal or below normal rainfall. Composite anomalies of precipitation, surface pressure, surface wind, surface temperature, and 700 mbar height showed that days with rainfall in Guanajuato were associated with on-shore, upslope flow, reduced surface temperatures, and reduced potential evaporation. Composites for MJO phases 1-3 and 8 agreed well with these anomalies. Similarly, composite anomalies for days without rainfall in Guanajuato showed warm surface temperatures, broad anticyclonic flow over much of northern Mexico, and enhanced potential evaporation. Composites for MJO phases 4-7 agreed well with these anomalies. C1 [Barrett, B. S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Esquivel Longoria, M. I.] Univ Guanajuato, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfer, Guanajuato, Mexico. RP Barrett, BS (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bbarrett@usna.edu FU U.S. Naval Academy Research Council FX The authors would like to thank the Servicio Meteorologico Nacional for providing the CLICOM data, as well as two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments to improve the manuscript. Partial support for this work came from a grant from the U.S. Naval Academy Research Council. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTRO CIENCIAS ATMOSFERA UNAM PI MEXICO CITY PA CIRCUITO EXTERIOR, MEXICO CITY CU 04510, MEXICO SN 0187-6236 J9 ATMOSFERA JI Atmosfera PY 2013 VL 26 IS 4 BP 521 EP 536 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 293PI UT WOS:000329984500007 ER PT J AU Persing, J Montgomery, MT McWilliams, JC Smith, RK AF Persing, J. Montgomery, M. T. McWilliams, J. C. Smith, R. K. TI Asymmetric and axisymmetric dynamics of tropical cyclones SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE EXCHANGE COEFFICIENTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; RAPIDLY ROTATING VORTICES; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; PART II; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SPIRAL BANDS AB We present the results of idealized numerical experiments to examine the difference between tropical cyclone evolution in three-dimensional (3-D) and axisymmetric (AX) model configurations. We focus on the prototype problem for intensification, which considers the evolution of an initially unsaturated AX vortex in gradient-wind balance on an f plane. Consistent with findings of previous work, the mature intensity in the 3-D model is reduced relative to that in the AX model. In contrast with previous interpretations invoking barotropic instability and related horizontal mixing processes as a mechanism detrimental to the spin-up process, the results indicate that 3-D eddy processes associated with vortical plume structures can assist the intensification process by contributing to a radial contraction of the maximum tangential velocity and to a vertical extension of tangential winds through the depth of the troposphere. These plumes contribute significantly also to the azimuthally averaged heating rate and the corresponding azimuthal-mean overturning circulation. The comparisons show that the resolved 3-D eddy momentum fluxes above the boundary layer exhibit counter-gradient characteristics during a key spin-up period, and more generally are not solely diffusive. The effects of these eddies are thus not properly represented by the subgrid-scale parameterizations in the AX configuration. The resolved eddy fluxes act to support the contraction and intensification of the maximum tangential winds. The comparisons indicate fundamental differences between convective organization in the 3-D and AX configurations for meteorologically relevant forecast timescales. While the radial and vertical gradients of the system-scale angular rotation provide a hostile environment for deep convection in the 3-D model, with a corresponding tendency to strain the convective elements in the tangential direction, deep convection in the AX model does not suffer this tendency. Also, since during the 3-D intensification process the convection has not yet organized into annular rings, the azimuthally averaged heating rate and radial gradient thereof is considerably less than that in the AX model. This lack of organization results broadly in a slower intensification rate in the 3-D model and leads ultimately to a weaker mature vortex after 12 days of model integration. While azimuthal mean heating rates in the 3-D model are weaker than those in the AX model, local heating rates in the 3-D model exceed those in the AX model and at times the vortex in the 3-D model intensifies more rapidly than AX. Analyses of the 3-D model output do not support a recent hypothesis concerning the key role of small-scale vertical mixing processes in the upper-tropospheric outflow in controlling the intensification process. In the 3-D model, surface drag plays a particularly important role in the intensification process for the prototype intensification problem on meteorologically relevant timescales by helping foster the organization of convection in azimuth. There is a radical difference in the behaviour of the 3-D and AX simulations when the surface drag is reduced or increased from realistic values. Borrowing from ideas developed in a recent paper, we give a partial explanation for this difference in behaviour. Our results provide new qualitative and quantitative insight into the differences between the asymmetric and symmetric dynamics of tropical cyclones and would appear to have important consequences for the formulation of a fluid dynamical theory of tropical cyclone intensification and mature intensity. In particular, the results point to some fundamental limitations of strict axisymmetric theory and modelling for representing the azimuthally averaged behaviour of tropical cyclones in three dimensions. C1 [Persing, J.; Montgomery, M. T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [McWilliams, J. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Smith, R. K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80539 Munich, Germany. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtmontgo@nps.edu FU NSF [ATM-0733380]; U.S. Office of Naval Research Grant [N00014-03-1-0185] FX MTM and JP acknowledge financial support from NSF ATM-0733380 and the U.S. Office of Naval Research Grant No. N00014-03-1-0185. We wish to acknowledge also the computational resources of M. Kirby for supplemental simulations. NR 125 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 24 BP 12299 EP 12341 DI 10.5194/acp-13-12299-2013 PG 43 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292VF UT WOS:000329930000009 ER PT B AU Pang, VO Han, PP Pang, JM AF Pang, Valerie Ooka Han, Peggy P. Pang, Jennifer M. BE Endo, R Rong, XL TI ASIAN AMERICAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER STUDENTS Third Graders and the Achievement Gap SO EDUCATION ASIAN AMERICANS: ACHIEVEMENT, SCHOOLING, AND IDENTITIES SE Research on the Education of Asian and Pacific Americans LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MODEL MINORITY; PERFORMANCE; EDUCATION; BEHAVIOR; CHINESE; FAMILY AB This chapter extends research on the achievement gap found in Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) seventh graders from California (Pang, Han, & Pang, 2011) by examining the reading and math performance of over 316,600 California AAPI third graders. As with the seventh grade population, we found achievement gap differences between the AAPI third graders and their White peers. Another similarity was significant differences across the 13 AAPI ethnic groups in reading and math performance. However, there was less variability in performance among the AAPI ethnic groups than for the seventh graders. Comparisons of the third grade and seventh grade results also suggest that some AAPI ethnic groups may be losing ground academically relative to Whites or other AAPI groups as they progress through school. These findings reveal that for AAPI students the achievement gap is an equity issue and needs to be addressed in the primary grades. C1 [Pang, Valerie Ooka] San Diego State Univ, Sch Teacher Educ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Pang, Valerie Ooka] Brown Univ, Annenberg Inst, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Han, Peggy P.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Med Modeling & Informat Syst, San Diego, CA USA. [Pang, Jennifer M.] Northwest Assoc Biomed Res, Seattle, WA USA. [Pang, Jennifer M.] Seattle BioMed, Sci Outreach Educ Programs, BioQuest Acad, Seattle, WA USA. [Pang, Jennifer M.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Pang, Jennifer M.] Seattles Expanding Your Horizons, Seattle, WA USA. RP Pang, VO (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Sch Teacher Educ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-213-5 J9 RES EDUC ASIAN PAC PY 2013 BP 29 EP 48 PG 20 WC Education & Educational Research; Ethnic Studies SC Education & Educational Research; Ethnic Studies GA BJL39 UT WOS:000328865800003 ER PT S AU Stahlbush, RE Mahadik, A AF Stahlbush, R. E. Mahadik, A. BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Bakowski, M Ohtani, N TI Unexpected Sources of Basal Plane Dislocations in 4H-SiC Epitaxy SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 3 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies as part of the Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 28-31, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Elect & Photon Div, Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, US Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Power Elect Soc ID SILICON-CARBIDE EPITAXY; STACKING-FAULTS; PIN DIODES; GROWTH; EPILAYERS; DENSITY AB The suppression of degradation inducing basal plane dislocations (BPDs) in the critical drift layer of SiC power devices has occurred mainly by preventing BPDs in the substrate from propagating into the drift layer. As optimized epitaxial growth has produced drift layers free of BPDs over a large fraction of the wafer, other sources of BPDs have become important. Two alternate sources are discussed. The first is epitaxial inclusions, which mainly consist of grossly misoriented 4H-SiC. The local stress field around the inclusion introduces a cluster of BPDs. In low-BPD epitaxy, the outermost BPDs can glide centimeters forming half-loop arrays that have BPD segments along their whole length. The second source of BPDs not normally considered is BPDs that are converted to threading edge dislocation before reaching the drift layer. Experiments suggest that for high current levels and/or over time, device degradation is possible. C1 [Stahlbush, R. E.] Naval Res Lab, Power Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mahadik, A.] Naval Res Lab, Solid State Dev Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Power Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-449-7; 978-1-62332-095-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 58 IS 4 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1149/05804.0009ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BJO95 UT WOS:000329443400002 ER PT S AU Anderson, TJ Koehler, AD Tadjer, MJ Hobart, KD Specht, P Porter, M Weatherford, TR Weaver, B Hite, JK Kub, FJ AF Anderson, T. J. Koehler, A. D. Tadjer, M. J. Hobart, K. D. Specht, P. Porter, M. Weatherford, T. R. Weaver, B. Hite, J. K. Kub, F. J. BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Bakowski, M Ohtani, N TI Reliability of GaN HEMTs: Electrical and Radiation-Induced Failure Mechanisms SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 3 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies as part of the Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 28-31, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Elect & Photon Div, Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, US Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Power Elect Soc AB The reliability of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs is currently a limiting factor in the development of next-generation power amplifier technology. In this work, we use atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to directly image the defects associated with device failure. Furthermore, we attempt to induce defects through electrical and radiation-induced stress on the device, and compare the mechanism for failure by TEM analysis. C1 [Anderson, T. J.; Koehler, A. D.; Tadjer, M. J.; Hobart, K. D.; Weaver, B.; Hite, J. K.; Kub, F. J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Specht, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Porter, M.; Weatherford, T. R.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Anderson, TJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-449-7; 978-1-62332-095-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 58 IS 4 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1149/05804.0221ecst PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BJO95 UT WOS:000329443400022 ER PT S AU Eddy, CR Anderson, TJ Koehler, AD Nepal, N Meyer, DJ Tadjer, MJ Baranyai, R Pomeroy, JW Kuball, M Feygelson, TI Pate, BB Mastro, MA Hite, JK Ancona, MG Kub, FJ Hobart, KD AF Eddy, C. R., Jr. Anderson, T. J. Koehler, A. D. Nepal, N. Meyer, D. J. Tadjer, M. J. Baranyai, R. Pomeroy, J. W. Kuball, M. Feygelson, T. I. Pate, B. B. Mastro, M. A. Hite, J. K. Ancona, M. G. Kub, F. J. Hobart, K. D. BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Bakowski, M Ohtani, N TI GaN Power Transistors with Integrated Thermal Management SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 3 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies as part of the Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 28-31, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Elect & Photon Div, Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, US Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Power Elect Soc ID EPITAXY AB The concept for and design/fabrication of a GaN power transistor with integrated thermal management is presented. Key elements of the design, including those supporting enhancement-mode operation, high breakdown voltages and low on-resistance are described in detail. The importance of surface preparation and growth of high-kappa gate dielectrics using atomic layer deposition is summarized. Aspects of barrier design and surface passivation to promote low access resistance including lattice matched barriers and novel low-temperature AlN passivations are discussed. Finally, the integration of nanocrystalline diamond coatings on both the top-side and the back-side of the device for thermal management are described. Initial performance assessments of each of these components, as measured in the device operation, are presented and future efforts are highlighted. C1 [Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Anderson, T. J.; Koehler, A. D.; Meyer, D. J.; Feygelson, T. I.; Pate, B. B.; Mastro, M. A.; Hite, J. K.; Ancona, M. G.; Kub, F. J.; Hobart, K. D.] US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nepal, N.; Tadjer, M. J.] Amer Society Engn Educ, Washington, DC 200 USA. [Baranyai, R.; Pomeroy, J. W.; Kuball, M.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RP Eddy, CR (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947; Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-449-7; 978-1-62332-095-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 58 IS 4 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1149/05804.0279ecst PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BJO95 UT WOS:000329443400029 ER PT S AU Mahadik, NA Nath, A Imhoff, EA Stahlbush, RE Nipoti, R AF Mahadik, N. A. Nath, A. Imhoff, E. A. Stahlbush, R. E. Nipoti, R. BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Bakowski, M Ohtani, N TI Basal Plane Dislocation Mitigation using High Temperature Annealing in 4H-SiC Epitaxy SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 3 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies as part of the Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 28-31, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Elect & Photon Div, Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, US Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Power Elect Soc ID DEFECTS; DIODES AB Basal plane dislocations (BPD) were mostly eliminated in 4H-SiC epitaxy using post growth high temperature annealing in the range of 1600 degrees C - 1950 degrees C for 30s - 2 mins. The samples annealed at temperatures >1700 degrees C showed the best BPD reduction. However, surface morphology was degraded for samples annealed >1850 degrees C, and new BPDs were generated. A better capping technique was developed to improve the surface morphology and avoid generation of new BPDs, while significantly reducing the existing BPDs in the SiC epitaxial layers. C1 [Mahadik, N. A.; Imhoff, E. A.; Stahlbush, R. E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Nath, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA USA. [Nipoti, R.] CNR, IMM, Bologna, Italy. RP Mahadik, NA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RI Nipoti, Roberta/N-6162-2014 OI Nipoti, Roberta/0000-0002-8019-9149 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-449-7; 978-1-62332-095-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 58 IS 4 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1149/05804.0325ecst PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BJO95 UT WOS:000329443400035 ER PT J AU Drusinsky, D AF Drusinsky, Doron TI Behavioral and Temporal Rule Checking for Gaussian Random Process - a Kalman Filter Example SO JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Random process; Kalman Filter; UML; statecharts; monitoring; patterns AB This paper describes a behavioral and temporal pattern detection technique for state-space systems whose state is a random variable such as the state estimated using a Kalman filter. Our novel behavioral and temporal pattern detection technique uses diagrammatic, intuitive, yet formal specifications based on a dialect of the UML of the kind used to monitor or formally verify the correctness of deterministic systems. Combining these formal specifications with a special code generator, extends the deterministic pattern detection technique to the domain of stochastic processes. We demonstrate the technique using a Ballistic trajectory Kalman filter tracking example in which a pattern-rule of interest is not flagged when observing the sequence of mean track position values but is flagged with a reasonable probability using the proposed technique. C1 [Drusinsky, Doron] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Drusinsky, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM ddrusins@nps.edu FU U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX This research was funded by a grant from the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GRAZ UNIV TECHNOLGOY, INST INFORMATION SYSTEMS COMPUTER MEDIA-IICM PI GRAZ PA INFFELDGASSE 16C, GRAZ, A-8010, AUSTRIA SN 0948-695X J9 J UNIVERS COMPUT SCI JI J. Univers. Comput. Sci. PY 2013 VL 19 IS 15 BP 2198 EP 2206 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 286TL UT WOS:000329491500003 ER PT B AU Ives, RW Broussard, RP Rakvic, RN Link, SB AF Ives, Robert W. Broussard, Randy P. Rakvic, Ryan N. Link, Steven B. BE Du, EY TI Iris Recognition SO BIOMETRICS: FROM FICTION TO PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ives, Robert W.] US Naval Acad, ECE Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. US Naval Acad, WSE Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), US Naval Acad, ECE Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ives@usna.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4364-13-3; 978-981-4310-88-8 PY 2013 BP 65 EP 86 PG 22 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BJK33 UT WOS:000328648100005 ER PT J AU Grisso, BL Park, G Salvino, LW Farrar, CR AF Grisso, B. L. Park, G. Salvino, L. W. Farrar, C. R. BE Chang, FK TI Structural Damage Identification in Stiffened Plate Fatigue Specimens Using Piezoelectric Active Sensing SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2011: CONDITION-BASED MAINTENANCE AND INTELLIGENT STRUCTURES, VOL 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 13-15, 2011 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ AB This paper presents a guided wave structural health monitoring (SHM) technique, based on the use of piezoelectric active-sensors, used to determine the structural integrity of stiffened aluminum plates. For damage detection, the transmitted power between piezoelectric transducers used for Lamb wave propagation is utilized to analyze the extent of damage in the structure. Damage initiation and propagation were successfully monitored with the guided wave technique. Overall, these methods yielded sufficient damage detection capability to warrant further investigation into field deployment. This paper summarizes considerations needed to design such SHM systems, experimental procedures and results, and recommendations that can be used as guidelines for future investigations. C1 [Grisso, B. L.; Salvino, L. W.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Grisso, BL (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-053-2 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2013 BP 1683 EP 1690 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BJH31 UT WOS:000328194500041 ER PT J AU Klenzing, J Burrell, AG Heelis, RA Huba, JD Pfaff, R Simoes, F AF Klenzing, J. Burrell, A. G. Heelis, R. A. Huba, J. D. Pfaff, R. Simoes, F. TI Exploring the role of ionospheric drivers during the extreme solar minimum of 2008 SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; equatorial ionosphere; ion chemistry and composition; modeling and forecasting ID EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; SATELLITE AB During the recent solar minimum, solar activity reached the lowest levels observed during the space age, resulting in a contracted atmosphere. This extremely low solar activity provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the variability of the Earth's ambient ionosphere. The average E x B drifts measured by the Vector Electric Field Instrument (VEFI) on the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite during this period are found to have several differences from the expected climatology based on previous solar minima, including downward drifts in the early afternoon and a weak to nonexistent pre-reversal enhancement. Using SAMI2 (Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere) as a computational engine, we investigate the effects of these electrodynamical changes as well as the contraction of the thermosphere and reduced EUV ionization on the ionosphere. The sensitivity of the simulations to wind models is also discussed. These modeled ionospheres are compared to the C/NOFS average topside ion density and composition and Formosa Satellite-3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate average NmF2 and hmF2. In all cases, incorporating the VEFI drift data significantly improves the model results when compared to both the C/NOFS density data and the F3/C GOX data. Changing the MSIS and EUVAC models produced changes in magnitude, but not morphology with respect to local time. The choice of wind model modulates the resulting topside density and composition, but only the use of the VEFI E x B drifts produces the observed post-sunset drop in the F peak. C1 [Klenzing, J.; Pfaff, R.; Simoes, F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Burrell, A. G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Heelis, R. A.] Univ Texas Dallas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Huba, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. RP Klenzing, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jeffrey.klenzing@nasa.gov RI Klenzing, Jeff/E-2406-2011; OI Klenzing, Jeff/0000-0001-8321-6074; Burrell, Angeline/0000-0001-8875-9326 FU USAF Space Test Program FX The Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) mission, conceived and developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), is sponsored and executed by the USAF Space Test Program. Thanks to J. Emmert and C. Siefring for providing the MSIS scalars. The authors would like to thank the F3/C orbital operation team at the National Space Organization (NSPO) and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) for their roles in obtaining and distributing the F3/C data. This work uses the SAMI2 ionosphere model written and developed by the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2013 VL 31 IS 12 BP 2147 EP 2156 DI 10.5194/angeo-31-2147-2013 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280TL UT WOS:000329053600002 ER PT J AU Aveiro, HC Huba, JD AF Aveiro, H. C. Huba, J. D. TI Equatorial spread F studies using SAMI3 with two-dimensional and three-dimensional electrostatics SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Equatorial ionosphere; Modeling and forecasting; Plasma waves and instabilities ID TO-DAY VARIABILITY; IONOSPHERE; SHEAR AB This letter presents a study of equatorial F region irregularities using the NRL SAMI3/ESF model, comparing results using a two-dimensional (2-D) and a three-dimensional (3-D) electrostatic potential solution. For the 3-D potential solution, two cases are considered for parallel plasma transport: (1) transport based on the parallel ambipolar field, and (2) transport based on the parallel electric field. The results show that the growth rate of the generalized Rayleigh-Taylor instability is not affected by the choice of the potential solution. However, differences are observed in the structures of the irregularities between the 2-D and 3-D solutions. Additionally, the plasma velocity along the geo-magnetic field computed using the full 3-D solution shows complex structures that are not captured by the simplified model. This points out that only the full 3-D model is able to fully capture the complex physics of the equatorial F region. C1 [Aveiro, H. C.] Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Huba, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. RP Aveiro, HC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hca24@cornell.edu FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US Naval Research Laboratory; NRL Base Funds FX This research was performed while one of the authors (H. C. A.) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the US Naval Research Laboratory. The research of J.D.H. was supported by NRL Base Funds. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2013 VL 31 IS 12 BP 2157 EP 2162 DI 10.5194/angeo-31-2157-2013 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280TL UT WOS:000329053600003 ER PT J AU Joshi, K Villanueva, A Smith, C Maurya, D Blottman, J Priya, S AF Joshi, Keyur Villanueva, Alex Smith, Colin Maurya, Deepam Blottman, John Priya, Shashank TI Aurelia aurita Inspired Artificial Mesoglea SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Network of Advanced and Multifunctional Materials (INAMM) Symposium CY DEC 09-10, 2012 CL Pattaya, THAILAND DE Mesoglea; nanoparticle; PVA; Ecoflex; stiffness; hydrogel; composite ID POLYVINYL-ALCOHOL) HYDROGEL; POLYORCHIS-PENICILLATUS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; JELLYFISH; MATRIX AB In this preliminary study, we report the mechanical and dielectric properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-ferritin hydrogel. This material was found to exhibit close resemblance to Aurelia aurita (jellyfish) mesoglea in terms of stiffness modulus and water content. Systematic experiments were conducted on natural jellyfish to identify its compression modulus a function of deformation. In compressive testing Aurelia aurita mesoglea was found to exhibit nonlinear modulus in the range of -10 kPa to 70 kPa depending upon the compressive strain (0-50% strain). The negative stiffness is an artifact of tensile force experienced by the specimen at the beginning of the test due to surface tension. PVA hydrogels with 60% water to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) ratio without ferritin particle (H60) and PVA hydrogels with 80% water to DMSO ratio with ferritin particle (F80) provided a good alternative to natural jellyfish mesoglea exhibiting shear modulus of 33.06 Pa and 39.99 Pa respectively as compared to 4.75 Pa for Aurelia aurita mesoglea. This is a significantly better match compared to the 1041.67 Pa shear modulus of Ecoflex, a soft polymer material commonly used in biomimetic robotics. A Mooney Rivlin model suggests that H60 and F80 compositions are about 6.9times and 8.4times stiffer than natural Aurelia aurtia mesoglea whereas Ecoflex is 219times as stiff. Nanocomposite hydrogel consisting of PVA matrix and ferritin nanoparticles were found to exhibit higher durability over regular PVA hydrogels and had more consistent properties due to increased cross-linking at ferritin nanoparticle sites. The ferritin nanoparticles were found to act as springs, increasing the modulus by increasing the surface area of the cross-linked polymer chains and disrupting long linear chain patterns of the polymer. Natural Aurelia aurita was found to have water content of 96.3% with a standard deviation of 0.57% as compared to 85% water content of PVA-ferritin hydrogels. Use of this material in the design of biomimetic unmanned underwater vehicles is expected to reduce the power consumption, increase swimming efficiency, and better replicate the rowing kinematics of naturally occurring Aurelia aurita. C1 [Joshi, Keyur; Villanueva, Alex; Smith, Colin; Maurya, Deepam; Priya, Shashank] Virginia Tech, Ctr Energy Harvesting Mat & Syst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Joshi, Keyur; Villanueva, Alex; Smith, Colin; Maurya, Deepam; Priya, Shashank] Virginia Tech, Bioinspired Mat & Devices Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Blottman, John] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Priya, S (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Ctr Energy Harvesting Mat & Syst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM spriya@vt.edu RI Joshi, Keyur/C-4557-2014 OI Joshi, Keyur/0000-0002-0751-785X FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0654]; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-07-1-0452] FX This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research through contract number N00014-08-1-0654 Jellyfish Autonomous Node and Colonies MURI and the U.S. Army Research Office under grant number W911NF-07-1-0452 Ionic Liquids in Electro-Active Devices (ILEAD) MURI. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 EI 1607-8489 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 148 IS 1 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.1080/10584587.2013.851591 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 269NL UT WOS:000328247900004 ER PT S AU Buckhout-White, S Spillmann, C Ancona, M Algar, WR Stewart, MH Susumu, K Huston, A Goldman, ER Medintz, IL AF Buckhout-White, Susan Spillmann, Christopher Ancona, Mario Algar, W. Russ Stewart, Michael H. Susumu, Kimihiro Huston, Alan Goldman, Ellen R. Medintz, Igor L. BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Improving Energy Transfer in QD-DNA Photonic Networks SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications VI CY AUG 25-28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Forster resonance energy transfer; quantum dot; photonic networks ID QUANTUM DOTS; NANOCRYSTALS; JUNCTIONS; DONORS AB There is considerable research in the area of manipulating light below the diffraction limit, with potential applications ranging from information processing to light-harvesting. In such work, a common problem is a lack of efficiency associated with non-radiative losses, e. g., ohmic loss in plasmonic structures. From this point of view, one attractive method for sub-wavelength light manipulation is to use Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between chromophores. Although most current work does not show high efficiency, biology suggests that this approach could achieve very high efficiency. In order to achieve this goal, the geometry and spacing of the chromophores must be optimized. For this, DNA provides an easy means for the self-assembly of these complex structures. With well established ligation chemistries, it is possible to create facile hierarchical assemblies of quantum dots (QDs) and organic dyes using DNA as the platform. These nanostructures range from simple linear wires to complex 3-dimensional structures all of which can be self-assembled around a central QD. The efficiency of the system can then be tuned by changing the spacing between chromophores, changing the DNA geometry such that the donor to acceptor ratio changes, or changing the number of DNA structures that are self-assembled around the central QD. By exploring these variables we have developed a flexible optical system for which the efficiency can be both controlled and optimized. C1 [Buckhout-White, Susan; Algar, W. Russ] George Mason Univ, 10910 Univ Blvd,MS 4E3, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Spillmann, Christopher; Ancona, Mario; Algar, W. Russ; Stewart, Michael H.; Susumu, Kimihiro; Huston, Alan; Goldman, Ellen R.; Medintz, Igor L.] George Mason Univ, Naval Res Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Buckhout-White, S (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 10910 Univ Blvd,MS 4E3, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; NRL NSI; DTRA JSTO MIPR [B112582M] FX The authors acknowledge the Office of Naval Research, the NRL NSI and DTRA JSTO MIPR # B112582M for financial support. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9667-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8817 AR UNSP 88170J DI 10.1117/12.2024574 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BJI62 UT WOS:000328343900012 ER PT S AU Claussen, JC Algar, WR Hildebrandt, N Susumu, K Ancona, MG Medintz, IL AF Claussen, Jonathan C. Algar, W. Russ Hildebrandt, Niko Susumu, Kimihiro Ancona, Mario G. Medintz, Igor L. BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Enhancing molecular logic through modulation of temporal and spatial constraints with quantum dot-based systems that use fluorescent (forster) resonance energy transfer SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications VI CY AUG 25-28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Fluorescent (Forster) Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET); quantum dot; molecular logic; Boolean logic; terbium ID GATES; ASSEMBLIES; PROBE; IONS AB Luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) contain favorable photonic properties (e. g., resistance to photobleaching, size-tunable PL, and large effective Stokes shifts) that make them well-suited for fluorescence (Forster) resonance energy transfer (FRET) based applications including monitoring proteolytic activity, elucidating the effects of nanoparticles-mediated drug delivery, and analyzing the spatial and temporal dynamics of cellular biochemical processes. Herein, we demonstrate how unique considerations of temporal and spatial constraints can be used in conjunction with QD-FRET systems to open up new avenues of scientific discovery in information processing and molecular logic circuitry. For example, by conjugating both long lifetime luminescent terbium(III) complexes (Tb) and fluorescent dyes (A647) to a single QD, we can create multiple FRET lanes that change temporally as the QD acts as both an acceptor and donor at distinct time intervals. Such temporal FRET modulation creates multi-step FRET cascades that produce a wealth of unique photoluminescence (PL) spectra that are well-suited for the construction of a photonic alphabet and photonic logic circuits. These research advances in bio-based molecular logic open the door to future applications including multiplexed biosensing and drug delivery for disease diagnostics and treatment. C1 [Claussen, Jonathan C.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Algar, W. Russ] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Hildebrandt, Niko] Univ Paris, Paris, France. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.claussen.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil OI Claussen, Jonathan/0000-0001-7065-1077 FU NRL; NRL NSI; ONR; DARPA; DTRA-JSTO MIPR [B112582M]; European Commission (FP7 project Nanognostics) FX The authors would like to gratefully thank NRL, NRL NSI, ONR, DARPA, DTRA-JSTO MIPR No. B112582M, and the European Commission (FP7 project Nanognostics) for financial support. We also would like to extend thanks to Lumiphore, Inc. for the Lumi4-Tb reagents and Invitrogen Life Sciences for the QDs. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9667-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8817 AR UNSP 88170O DI 10.1117/12.2024287 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BJI62 UT WOS:000328343900016 ER PT J AU Shogan, BD Smith, DP Packman, AI Kelley, ST Landon, EM Bhangar, S Vora, GJ Jones, RM Keegan, K Stephens, B Ramos, T Kirkup, BC Levin, H Rosenthal, M Foxman, B Chang, EB Siegel, J Cobey, S An, G Alverdy, JC Olsiewski, PJ Martin, MO Marrs, R Hernandez, M Christley, S Morowitz, M Weber, S Gilbert, J AF Shogan, Benjamin D. Smith, Daniel P. Packman, Aaron I. Kelley, Scott T. Landon, Emily M. Bhangar, Seema Vora, Gary J. Jones, Rachael M. Keegan, Kevin Stephens, Brent Ramos, Tiffanie Kirkup, Benjamin C., Jr. Levin, Hal Rosenthal, Mariana Foxman, Betsy Chang, Eugene B. Siegel, Jeffrey Cobey, Sarah An, Gary Alverdy, John C. Olsiewski, Paula J. Martin, Mark O. Marrs, Rachel Hernandez, Mark Christley, Scott Morowitz, Michael Weber, Stephen Gilbert, Jack TI The Hospital Microbiome Project: Meeting report for the 2nd Hospital Microbiome Project, Chicago, USA, January 15th, 2013 SO STANDARDS IN GENOMIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB This report details the outcome of the 2nd Hospital Microbiome Project workshop held on January 15th at the University of Chicago, USA. This workshop was the final planning meeting prior to the start of the Hospital Microbiome Project, an investigation to measure and characterize the development of a microbial community within a newly built hospital at the University of Chicago. The main goals of this workshop were to bring together experts in various disciplines to discuss the potential hurdles facing the implementation of the project, and to allow brainstorming of potential synergistic project opportunities. C1 [Shogan, Benjamin D.; An, Gary; Alverdy, John C.; Christley, Scott] Univ Chicago Med, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Smith, Daniel P.; Keegan, Kevin; Gilbert, Jack] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Packman, Aaron I.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kelley, Scott T.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Landon, Emily M.; Marrs, Rachel; Weber, Stephen] Univ Chicago Med, Dept Med, Sect Infect Dis & Global Hlth, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bhangar, Seema] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vora, Gary J.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jones, Rachael M.] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Stephens, Brent; Ramos, Tiffanie] IIT, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Kirkup, Benjamin C., Jr.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Wound Infect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kirkup, Benjamin C., Jr.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Levin, Hal] Bldg Ecol Res Grp, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Rosenthal, Mariana; Foxman, Betsy] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chang, Eugene B.] Univ Chicago Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Siegel, Jeffrey] Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Cobey, Sarah; Gilbert, Jack] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Olsiewski, Paula J.] Alfred P Sloan Fdn, New York, NY 10111 USA. [Martin, Mark O.] Univ Puget Sound, Dept Biol, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. [Hernandez, Mark] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morowitz, Michael] Univ Pittsburgh, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh UPMC, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA. RP Shogan, BD (reprint author), Univ Chicago Med, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Packman, Aaron/B-7085-2009; Foxman, Betsy/E-1836-2015; Kirkup, Benjamin/C-3610-2009; OI Kirkup, Benjamin/0000-0002-8722-6218; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 FU APSF; U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We acknowledge the APSF for funding this workshop. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 20 PU GENOMIC STAND CONSORT PI EAST LANSING PA MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, GEEO GARRITY, DEPT MICROBIOL, 6162 BIOMED & PHYS SCI BLDG, EAST LANSING, MI 48824 USA SN 1944-3277 J9 STAND GENOMIC SCI JI Stand. Genomic Sci. PY 2013 VL 8 IS 3 BP 571 EP 579 DI 10.4056/sigs.4187859 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 270ML UT WOS:000328322400017 PM 24501640 ER PT S AU Livingston, MA Moser, KR AF Livingston, Mark A. Moser, Kenneth R. BE Coquillart, S LaViola, JJ Schmalstieg, D TI Effectiveness of Occluded Object Representations at Displaying Ordinal Depth Information in Augmented Reality SO 2013 IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY CONFERENCE (VR) SE Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR) CY MAR 16-23, 2013 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm DE Augmented reality; human factors evaluation; situation awareness; ordinal depth; X-ray vision AB An experiment was conducted to investigate the utility of a number of iconographic styles in relaying ordinal depth information at vista space distances of more than 1900m. The experiment consisted of two tasks: distance judgments with respect to discrete zones, and ordinal depth determination in the presence of icon overlap. The virtual object representations were chosen based on their effectiveness, as demonstrated in previous studies. The first task is an adaptation of a previous study investigating distance judgments of occluded objects at medium field distances. We found that only one of the icon styles fared better than guessing. The second is a novel task important to situation awareness and tested two specific cases: ordinal depth of icons with 50% and 100% overlap. We found that the case of full overlap made the task effectively impossible with all icon styles, whereas in the case of partial overlap, the Ground Plane had a clear advantage. C1 [Livingston, Mark A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Moser, Kenneth R.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Livingston, MA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.livingston@nrl.navy.mil; krm104@msstate.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 978-1-4673-4796-9; 978-1-4673-4795-2 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 2013 BP 107 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BID50 UT WOS:000327715600037 ER PT B AU Barsoum, RGS AF Barsoum, R. G. S. BE Soares, CG Romanoff, J TI Hybrid composite and metallic hulls, the best of both worlds SO ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MARINE STRUCTURES, MARSTRUCT 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Marine Structures (MARSTRUCT) CY MAR 25-27, 2013 CL Espoo, FINLAND AB Hybrid composite and metallic structures may provide cost-effective solutions for future ship hulls. We will discuss the advantages of the hybrid hull from the "Total Ship Engineering" approach. They offer the potential to reduce the manufacturing costs associated with complex shaped bow and stern sections while simultaneously providing a lower weight and non-magnetic structural design. Challenges to achieving these benefits include the unknown and uncertain structural performance of the composite-steel joint connection. This interface is a complex combination of in-plane and out-of-plane strength, bearing and friction, which represent several challenges for computations and design. The paper will discuss the research and development effort on lightweight, low-cost, improved survivability hybrid hull concepts and composite-to-steel joining technology for future hybrid hull structures. It will also discuss the use of the hybrid concept for hull modification to increase payload and improve fuel efficiency. It will address analytical assessment and the influence of design parameters on joint performance, tests of several hybrid joint components involving the in-plane attachment of a composite bow/stern component to a metallic mid-body ship hull, investigations of material and geometric design parameters for hybrid composite-to-steel joints for bonded, fastened, and bonded/fastened configurations and their performance under static, dynamic loading. C1 Off Naval Res, Ships & Engn Syst Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Barsoum, RGS (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Ships & Engn Syst Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-73285-4; 978-1-138-00045-2 PY 2013 BP 377 EP 381 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BJH32 UT WOS:000328198800041 ER PT J AU Friedlaender, AS Tyson, RB Stimpert, AK Read, AJ Nowacek, DP AF Friedlaender, A. S. Tyson, R. B. Stimpert, A. K. Read, A. J. Nowacek, D. P. TI Extreme diel variation in the feeding behavior of humpback whales along the western Antarctic Peninsula during autumn SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Humpback whale; Foraging ecology; Tagging; Antarctica ID MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MARINE MAMMALS; FIN WHALES; LUNGE; DIVE; KRILL; CLASSIFICATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Most humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae populations partition their time between prey-rich feeding and prey-deficient breeding/calving regions. How these whales feed and optimize the consumption of prey resources prior to long-distance migrations and fasting is largely unknown. We deployed multi-sensor tags on humpback whales around the western Antarctic Peninsula to describe their daily activity patterns late in the feeding season to test the hypothesis that feeding behavior varies over the diel cycle so as to maximize energy intake and limit energy expenditure. Dives were assigned to a behavioral state (feeding, resting, traveling, exploring) to determine hourly rates and to build an ethogram of activity patterns. Our results show a distinct diel pattern of whales feeding exclusively at night. Feeding depth was deeper around sunrise/sunset and shallower (similar to 50 m) at night, consistent with diel vertical prey movement. Shallow feeding dives typically contained a single feeding lunge, a strategy known to increase feeding efficiency and maximize intake rates by maintaining proximity to the surface and reducing the energetic costs of deep diving. The lack of feeding during daytime may indicate prey being too deep for efficient foraging. Our results add information where currently there is a paucity of data describing how baleen whales optimize feeding behavior, specifically in relation to prey distribution and movement, to fuel their extraordinary energetic requirements necessary for growth, migration, and reproduction. Understanding behavioral patterns and predator/prey dynamics in rapidly changing marine environments, like the Antarctic Peninsula, is critical for understanding how these changes will affect ecosystem structure and function. C1 [Friedlaender, A. S.; Tyson, R. B.; Read, A. J.; Nowacek, D. P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Stimpert, A. K.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Nowacek, D. P.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Friedlaender, AS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM asf7@duke.edu OI Tyson, Reny/0000-0001-5541-193X FU National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs [ANT-07-39483] FX The authors thank members of the Multi-scale and Interdisciplinary Study of Humpback and Prey (MISHAP) field team, including D. Johnston, D. Waples, L. Peavey, A. Allen, C. Ware, A. Westgate, M. Dunphy-Daly, P. Halpin, M. Zhou, Y. Zhu, J. Warren, E. Hazen, and B. Espinasse. We also thank the crews and marine technicians of the RVIB 'Nathaniel B Palmer' and ARSV 'Laurence M Gould' for their efforts. This research was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Service Permit 808-1735, Ant arctic Conservation Act Permit 2009-014, and Duke University Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee A049-112-02 and was supported by National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs Grant ANT-07-39483. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 41 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 494 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.3354/meps10541 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 267GX UT WOS:000328086100021 ER PT S AU Heitmeyer, C AF Heitmeyer, Constance BE Moreira, A Schatz, B Gray, J Vallecillo, A Clarke, P TI Model-Based Development of Software: A Panacea or Academic Poppycock SO MODEL-DRIVEN ENGINEERING LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ACM/IEEE 16th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS) CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2013 CL Miami, FL SP Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE, Microsoft Res, CEA List, Int Software, Tata Consultancy Serv, Siemens, IEEE Comp Soc, ACM SIGSOFT, Springer, OMG C1 Naval Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heitmeyer, C (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-41532-6; 978-3-642-41533-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2013 VL 8107 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIB36 UT WOS:000327240300002 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Han, DK Ko, H AF Lee, Younghyun Han, David K. Ko, Hanseok TI Reinforced AdaBoost Learning for Object Detection with Local Pattern Representations SO SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FACE DETECTION; CLASSIFICATION AB A reinforced AdaBoost learning algorithm is proposed for object detection with local pattern representations. In implementing Adaboost learning, the proposed algorithm employs an exponential criterion as a cost function and Newton's method for its optimization. In particular, we introduce an optimal selection of weak classifiers minimizing the cost function and derive the reinforced predictions based on a judicial confidence estimate to determine the classification results. The weak classifier of the proposed method produces real-valued predictions while that of the conventional Adaboost method produces integer valued predictions of +1 or -1. Hence, in the conventional learning algorithms, the entire sample weights are updated by the same rate. On the contrary, the proposed learning algorithm allows the sample weights to be updated individually depending on the confidence level of each weak classifier prediction, thereby reducing the number of weak classifier iterations for convergence. Experimental classification performance on human face and license plate images confirm that the proposed method requires smaller number of weak classifiers than the conventional learning algorithm, resulting in higher learning and faster classification rates. An object detector implemented based on the proposed learning algorithm yields better performance in field tests in terms of higher detection rate with lower false positives than that of the conventional learning algorithm. C1 [Lee, Younghyun] Korea Univ, Dept Visual Informat Proc, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Han, David K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Ko, Hanseok] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. RP Ko, H (reprint author), Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Engn Bldg,Room 419, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM hsko@korea.ac.kr FU Seoul RBD Program [WR080951] FX This research was supported by Seoul R&BD Program (WR080951). NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1537-744X J9 SCI WORLD J JI Sci. World J. PY 2013 AR 153465 DI 10.1155/2013/153465 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 265ZE UT WOS:000327990500001 ER PT S AU Dobrokhodov, V Jones, K Kaminer, I AF Dobrokhodov, Vladimir Jones, Kevin Kaminer, Isaac GP IEEE TI Rapid Flight Control Prototyping - Steps Toward Cooperative Mission-Oriented Capabilities SO 2013 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 17-19, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Boeing, Eaton, Halliburton, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, United Technologies Res Ctr, Xerox, dSpace, Journal Franklin Inst, GE Global Res, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis Grp CRC Press, Wiley AB The paper describes the latest advancements in the development of the Rapid Flight Control Prototyping system that were motivated primarily by the need to enable cooperative missions of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles and to enhance the capabilities of human operators to design and oversee the collaborative behaviors of multiple heterogeneous UAVs. The evolution of the system is driven by the mission level objectives and supported on one hand by the progress in miniature sensors, computational power, communication and portable energy technologies and on the other hand by the advanced capabilities of embedded control and communication-oriented software. As a result the developed system enables rapid design, onboard integration and in-flight verification of multiple UAV collaborative concepts that seemed impossible just a couple of years ago. Advantages of the designed system are illustrated by a couple of scenarios that were recently developed and verified in flight by multiple cooperating UAVs. The paper concentrates on presenting the motivation and the conceptual design ideas which drive the evolution of the flight prototyping platform. C1 [Dobrokhodov, Vladimir; Jones, Kevin; Kaminer, Isaac] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dobrokhodov, V (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM vldobr@nps.edu; kdjones@nps.edu; kaminer@nps.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-0178-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2013 BP 680 EP 685 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIB32 UT WOS:000327210200111 ER PT S AU Noble, SL AF Noble, Sarah L. GP IEEE TI Control-Theoretic Treatment Scheduling for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder SO 2013 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 17-19, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Boeing, Eaton, Halliburton, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Natl Instruments, United Technologies Res Ctr, Xerox, dSpace, Journal Franklin Inst, GE Global Res, Quanser, SIAM, Springer, Taylor & Francis Grp CRC Press, Wiley ID COGNITIVE-PROCESSING THERAPY; MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; ADMINISTERED PTSD SCALE; ADAPTIVE INTERVENTIONS; PROLONGED EXPOSURE; RAPE VICTIMS; INVENTORY; PATTERNS; EMDR AB Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an acute anxiety disorder that afflicts more than one-fifth of veterans returning from conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. A recent study found that only a fraction of those suffering from PTSD receive adequate care. A model predictive control strategy is presented to optimize psychotherapy treatment for PTSD patients. A mathematical model is developed that captures the dynamic relationship between four psychotherapy interventions and four commonly-employed PTSD assessment scales. The model supports a model predictive control strategy in which psychotherapy treatments are scheduled to achieve a therapeutic objective while weighing exogenous factors such as treatment cost, preference, and tolerability. While this work represents only a preliminary step toward a quantitative tool for clinical use, the simulated treatment results indicate that the proposed model and control approach could provide valuable insight toward designing personalized psychotherapy schedules that increase treatment adherence, lower treatment costs, and provide PTSD patients with more effective care. C1 US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Noble, SL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM noble@usna.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-0178-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2013 BP 722 EP 727 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIB32 UT WOS:000327210200118 ER PT B AU Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Vlasov, AN Nguyen, K Joye, CD Cooke, SJ Levush, B AF Chernin, D. Antonsen, T. M., Jr. Vlasov, A. N. Nguyen, K. Joye, C. D. Cooke, S. J. Levush, B. GP IEEE TI TWT Stability for Frequencies near a Band Edge SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST DE band gap; forward wave; backward wave; coupled waves; oscillation threshold AB Using a simple model we derive a universal condition for oscillation in a traveling wave tube for frequencies near a band edge, when the adjacent band gap is small. The condition is expressed graphically as a value for the maximum allowable (stable) small signal gain as a function of the size of the band gap. As an example of the application of the general condition, a simple upper bound on the E-plane offset of a beam tunnel in a folded-waveguide TWT is obtained. C1 [Chernin, D.] SAIC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Antonsen, T. M., Jr.] Univ Maryland, SAIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vlasov, A. N.] Beam Wave Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Nguyen, K.; Joye, C. D.; Cooke, S. J.; Levush, B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chernin, D (reprint author), SAIC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700073 ER PT B AU Chernyavskiy, IA Vlasov, AN Levush, B Antonsen, TM Nguyen, KT AF Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Vlasov, Alexander N. Levush, Baruch Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Nguyen, Khanh T. GP IEEE TI Parallel 20 Large-signal Modeling of Cascaded TWT Amplifiers SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST DE traveling-wave tube; broadband high power amplifier; serpentine slow-wave structure; folded waveguide slow-wave structure; large-signal code; parallel modeling AB The 2.5D large-signal code TESLA-FW was recently developed with the goal to model TWT amplifiers based on the serpentine or folded-waveguide slow-wave structures. Predictions of the large-signal code, applied to the modeling of the single stage amplifiers, were found in a good agreement with the results of the 3D PIC code MAGIC, while its run-time was on orders of magnitude less. To extend applicability of the large-signal code, now we report its conversion into a parallel version, which allows us concurrently model all the stages of a multiple-beam cascaded TWT amplifiers based on serpentine or folded-waveguide slow-wave structures. Newly infroduced parallel version of TESLA-FW is applied to model a 3-stage cascaded TWT amplifier to support on-going efforts on its design and further optimization. Obtained results are compared with the predictions of the 3D PIC code MAGIC. C1 [Chernyavskiy, Igor A.; Vlasov, Alexander N.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Chernyavskiy, IA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700173 ER PT B AU Cook, AM Joye, CD Calame, JP Nguyen, KT Chernin, DP Vlasov, A Abe, DK Levush, B AF Cook, Alan M. Joye, Colin D. Calame, Jeffrey P. Nguyen, Khanh T. Chernin, David P. Vlasov, Alexander Abe, David K. Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Development of a Wideband W-band Serpentine Waveguide TWT SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST DE millimeter wave amplifier; serpentine folded waveguide; slow wave structure; microfabrication AB We are developing a wideband 95-GHz, 200-W TWT powered by a 20-kV, 122-mA elecfron beam. The serpentine waveguide circuit is fabricated by UV-LIGA using an embedded monofilament, which produces an all-copper sfructure with beam tunnel. Simulations predict 37 dB small-signal gain and 245 W maximum output power. C1 [Cook, Alan M.; Joye, Colin D.; Calame, Jeffrey P.; Vlasov, Alexander; Abe, David K.; Levush, Baruch] US Naval Res Lab, Code 6840,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Chernin, David P.] SAIC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Cook, AM (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 6840,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alan.cook@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. The authors wish to thank B. Albright, L. Ludeking, R. Myers, and F. Wood for assistance. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700163 ER PT B AU Cooke, SJ Stantchev, GM AF Cooke, Simon J. Stantchev, George M. GP IEEE TI Conformal Time-Domain Particle-in-Cell Simulation of Vacuum Electronic Devices with Accurate Surface Loss SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST DE Conformal FDTD-PIC; Ohmic surface loss; slow-wave amplifier; GPU AB We present two algorithmic improvements to enhance accuracy for large-signal simulations of vacuum electronic amplifiers using the GPU-accelerated, 3D time-domain particle-in-cell code 'Neptune'. A new conformal (cut-cell) geometry model with a new algorithm for Ohmic surface loss accurately predicts the dispersive and dissipative electromagnetic properties of complex metal device structures. C1 [Cooke, Simon J.; Stantchev, George M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6841,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM simon.cooke@nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700147 ER PT B AU Jabotinski, V Nguyen, K Pasour, J Levush, B Abe, D Petillo, J AF Jabotinski, Vadim Khanh Nguyen Pasour, John Levush, Baruch Abe, David Petillo, John GP IEEE TI Electrostatic Focusing for a Field Emission Electron Source SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST DE electron beam; electrostatic focusing; field emission; field emitter array; Fowler-Nordheim; periodic waveguiding structure; terahertz AB This paper presents theory and analysis of single-tip field emission and electron beam propagation in the electrostatic focusing fields. It is shown that two gate apertures with a focusing anode allow transport of narrow electron beams over long distances without need for a confining magnetic field. Physical mechanisms of the beam formation, transport, intrinsic emittance with thermal effects, the effects of the emission properties, and parametric studies are discussed, and a new concept and model of the bandgap-spread multilevel field emission is given. C1 [Jabotinski, Vadim; Khanh Nguyen] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Pasour, John; Levush, Baruch; Abe, David] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petillo, John] Sci Applicat Intl Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Jabotinski, V (reprint author), Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM vadim.jabotinski.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU U. S. DARPA/MTO; ONR FX We appreciate helpful discussions with Luis Velasquez- Garcia and Frances Hill of MIT. This work was supported by the U. S. DARPA/MTO and by ONR. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700200 ER PT B AU Joye, CD Cook, AM Calame, JP Abe, DK Levush, B AF Joye, Colin D. Cook, Alan M. Calame, Jeffrey P. Abe, David K. Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Breakthrough UV-LIGA Microfabrication of Sub-mm and THz Circuits SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has been developing a novel UV-LIGA process to create amplifier circuits from 100 GHz through the THz. A 670 GHz EIK ladder test piece has been successfully fabricated with a 0.004 inch diameter beam tunnel, and demonstrates sub-micron fabrication accuracies. The technique is being extended to showcase capabilities at 850 GHz, and 1.03, 1.35 and 1.50 THz. C1 [Joye, Colin D.; Cook, Alan M.; Calame, Jeffrey P.; Abe, David K.; Levush, Baruch] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Joye, CD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 6840, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700080 ER PT B AU Joye, CD Cook, AM Calame, JP Abe, DK Nguyen, KT Wright, EL Vlasov, AN Chernyavskiy, IA Kimura, T Levush, B AF Joye, Colin D. Cook, Alan M. Calame, Jeffrey P. Abe, David K. Nguyen, Khanh T. Wright, Edward L. Vlasov, Alexander N. Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Kimura, Takuji Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Demonstration of a High Power, Wideband 220 GHz Serpentine Waveguide Amplifier Fabricated by UV-LIGA SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST AB We present the hot test results of a 220 GHz, serpentine waveguide vacuum electron amplifier showcasing a novel embedded monofilament microfabrication technique based on UV-LIGA. The instantaneous operating bandwidth exceeds 15 GHz and the small signal gain of the circuit is over 14 dB. By varying the voltage slightly, an operating bandwidth of almost 40 GHz is realizable with a minimum circuit gain of 7 dB across the band. A maximum power of just over 60 W was obtained at the output flange of the device, corresponding to a power of almost 80 W generated in the circuit. C1 [Joye, Colin D.; Cook, Alan M.; Calame, Jeffrey P.; Abe, David K.; Vlasov, Alexander N.; Chernyavskiy, Igor A.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Code 6840, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.; Wright, Edward L.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Kimura, Takuji] Commun & Power Ind Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Joye, CD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6840, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU DARPA; u.s. Office of Naval Research FX This work is sponsored in part by DARPA and by the u.s. Office of Naval Research. The authors would like to thank R. E. Myers, F. N. Wood, and B. S. Albright for their assistance. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700079 ER PT B AU Levush, B Abe, D Chernyavskiy, IA Cooke, SJ Vlasov, AN Legarra, J Nguyen, K Wright, E Cusick, M Begum, R Ramirez-Aldana, JL Stockwell, B Chernin, D AF Levush, B. Abe, D. Chernyavskiy, I. A. Cooke, S. J. Vlasov, A. N. Legarra, J. Nguyen, K. Wright, E. Cusick, M. Begum, R. Ramirez-Aldana, J. Luis Stockwell, B. Chernin, D. GP IEEE TI A 1.8 kW Broad Band Ka-band TWT Power Booster SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST DE Ka-band; power booster; stop band; stability AB A two stage 'driver-booster' TWT configuration designed to produce 1.8 kW in Ka-band will be described. The folded waveguide circuit used in the power booster is designed to meet bandwidth requirements while simultaneously eliminating the usual stop-band at 2 pi in order to avoid drive-induced oscillation. C1 [Levush, B.; Abe, D.; Chernyavskiy, I. A.; Cooke, S. J.; Vlasov, A. N.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Legarra, J.; Nguyen, K.; Wright, E.] Beam Wave Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Cusick, M.; Begum, R.; Ramirez-Aldana, J. Luis; Stockwell, B.] Commun & Power Ind, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Chernin, D.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Levush, B (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700075 ER PT B AU Ovtchinnikov, S Cooke, S Mkrtchyan, M Shtokhamer, R Vlasov, A Petillo, J Levush, B AF Ovtchinnikov, Serguei Cooke, Simon Mkrtchyan, Masis Shtokhamer, Roman Vlasov, Alexander Petillo, John Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Multi-Source, Complex Beamline Model Development in MICHELLE eBEAM SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST DE Coulomb interaction; lithography; GPU; stochastic space charge; counter streaming ID ELECTRON-GUN AB Simulations of modern, high current electron beam lithography devices may require modeling of optical components and multiple electron sources that are positioned in an oblique fashion with respect to the main device axis and include counter streaming regions, where two beams are co-located in space while propagating in opposite directions. Modeling such complex multi-beam systems presents different computational challenges depending on the specific device and regime being modeled. Applications of interest require in some cases the model of both global and stochastic space charge, where the latter requires direct evaluation of Coulomb interactions. A new approach implemented in MICHELLE-eBEAM is designed to take advantage of the GPU hardware acceleration and novel algorithms to efficiently capture particle dynamics for complex beamlines. In this paper we report on our latest progress and show for a high current electron beam lithography application the achieved accuracy and performance of the new code. C1 [Ovtchinnikov, Serguei; Mkrtchyan, Masis; Shtokhamer, Roman; Petillo, John] Sci Applicat Intl Corp, 700 Technol Pk Dr, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Cooke, Simon; Vlasov, Alexander] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Ovtchinnikov, S (reprint author), Sci Applicat Intl Corp, 700 Technol Pk Dr, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. FU DARPA; ONR a LLE FX Work supported by DARPA, ONR a LLE . NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700141 ER PT B AU Pasour, J Wright, E Nguyen, K Balkcum, A Levush, B AF Pasour, John Wright, Edward Khanh Nguyen Balkcum, Adam Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Sheet Beam Extended Interaction Klystron (EIK) in W Band SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST DE Sheet beam; EIK; millimeter wave; vacuum electronic; amplifier; MAGIC; ICEPIC; Neptune AB A W-band sheet-beam extended interaction klysfron (EIK) has been fabricated and tested. The EIK integrates a 3-cavity circuit with our previously demonstrated 20-kV, 3.5-A beamstick. The EIK has produced a saturated peak output power of over 7.5 kW and a small-signal gain of almost 40 dB, in very good agreement with our simulations. C1 [Pasour, John; Wright, Edward; Khanh Nguyen; Balkcum, Adam; Levush, Baruch] US Naval Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pasour, J (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.pasour@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700152 ER PT B AU Pchelnikov, YN Vlasov, AN Chernin, DP AF Pchelnikov, Yuriy N. Vlasov, Alexander N. Chernin, David P. GP IEEE TI Bi-helix SWS for High Power TWTs SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST DE helix; bi-helix; dispersion; periodicity; slowing down; backward wave oscillation AB We have studied the electromagnetic properties of a bi-helix slow wave structure surrounded by an azimuthally conducting screen formed by metal rings with and without capacitive gaps. The dependence of phase velocity on frequency and on the geometric parameters of the rings were measured on prototypes and analyzed. Novel designs of the bi-helix SWSs with circular metallization on the diaphragm supports are proposed. C1 [Vlasov, Alexander N.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pchelnikov, YN (reprint author), 104 Drexelbrook Ct, Cary, NC 27519 USA. EM yupchel@gmail.com FU Army Research Office; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Army Research Office and the Office of Naval Research. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor W. L. Menninger NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700078 ER PT B AU Pchelnikov, YN Vlasov, AN Chernin, DP AF Pchelnikov, Yuriy N. Vlasov, Alexander N. Chernin, David P. GP IEEE TI no image Novel SWS Designs for High Power Ka-band TWTs SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST DE periodicity; backward wave oscillation; dispersion characteristic; slowing down; zigzag; helix AB Novel wide-band slow-wave structures (SWSs) with decreased periodicity are proposed for application in high frequency, high power TWTs. Prototypes of helix circuits with turns connected by 'zigzag' lines or by a periodic row of rings connected in the longitudinal direction were fabricated and their dispersion characteristics were measured and compared. Advantages of these circuits over conventional helices are described. C1 [Vlasov, Alexander N.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chernin, David P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Pchelnikov, YN (reprint author), 104 Drexelbrook Ct Cary, Cary, NC 27519 USA. EM yupchel@gmail.com FU Army Research Office/DARPA; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Army Research Office/DARPA and the Office of Naval Research. We wish to thank Dr. Dean Pershing of Beam-Wave Research, Inc. for his help with the measurements. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700074 ER PT B AU Petillo, J Panagos, DN Jensen, KL AF Petillo, John Panagos, Dimitrios N. Jensen, Kevin L. GP IEEE TI Emittance and Emission from Arrays with Statistical Variation SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST AB We report on the incorporation of a model of field emitters based on a Point Charge Model (PCM) that allows for rapid and analytical representations of tip current, variation, and emission statistics and its implementation and usage in the MICHELLE Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code to model the impact of emission variation on current characteristics and emittance. Rather than cold field emission characterized by the Fowler Nordheim equation, a General Thermal-Field (GTF) emission model treats warm and hot field emission sources. We shall compare the increases in emittance and beam radius due to emission non-uniformity as modeled by assuming a Log-Normal (LN) distribution of emitter geometries. The consequences for high frequency devices shall be explored. C1 [Petillo, John; Panagos, Dimitrios N.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, 700 Technol Pk Dr, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Jensen, Kevin L.] Naval Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC USA. RP Petillo, J (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 700 Technol Pk Dr, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM petilloj@saic.com FU Office of Naval Research and SAIC IRD FX We gratefully acknowledge support by the Office of Naval Research and SAIC IR&D. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700201 ER PT B AU Stantchev, G Abe, D Levush, B Hanna, J Chernin, D Antonsen, T AF Stantchev, G. Abe, D. Levush, B. Hanna, Jeremy Chernin, David Antonsen, Thomas GP IEEE TI Hybrid Time-Domain Measurement and Pre-distortion of Broadband Complex Waveforms in a Ka-band TWT Amplifier SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST DE traveling wave tubes; nonlinearities; microwave time-domain measurements; wideband amplifiers; complex waveforms AB We present a technique for time-domain measurement and predistortion of complex wideband waveforms in a Ka-band helix TWT power amplifier. The measurement technique relies on a hybrid calibration procedure that uses both single tone and wideband multi-tone calibration for characterizing the amplifier response to simultaneous excitation across its operating frequency band. We compare our measurements with simulation data from a well-established physics-based, large signal, multi-frequency spectral code, CHRISTINE [1] C1 [Stantchev, G.; Abe, D.; Levush, B.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Hanna, Jeremy] Beam Wave Res, Bethesda, MD USA. [Chernin, David; Antonsen, Thomas] SAIC, Mclean, VA USA. RP Stantchev, G (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM george.stantchev@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700176 ER PT B AU Vlasov, AN Chernyavskiy, IA Joye, CD Cook, AM Calame, JP Levush, B Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Nguyen, KT AF Vlasov, Alexander N. Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Joye, Colin D. Cook, Alan M. Calame, Jeffrey P. Levush, Baruch Chernin, David Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Nguyen, Khanh T. GP IEEE TI Modeling of the NRL G-Band TWT Amplifier Using the CHRISTINE and TESLA Simulation Codes SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST DE Folded waveguide; serpentine waveguide; modeling; slow wave structure; dispersion; TWT amplifiers AB Comparisons between predictions of the NRL large signal codes CHRISTINE and TESLA-FW and measurements of small signal gain of NRL's G-Band serpentine waveguide TWT are presented. Results of a sensitivity study of the effects on gain of the circuit dispersion allow us to identify the most critical physical circuit dimensions for TWT design and to quantify required circuit fabrication tolerances. C1 [Vlasov, Alexander N.; Chernyavskiy, Igor A.; Joye, Colin D.; Cook, Alan M.; Calame, Jeffrey P.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chernin, David; Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Vlasov, AN (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU US Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the US Office of Naval Research. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700145 ER PT B AU Vlasov, AN Chernyavskiy, IA Levush, B Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Nguyen, KT AF Vlasov, Alexander N. Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Levush, Baruch Chernin, David Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Nguyen, Khanh T. GP IEEE TI Dispersive Properties of Serpentine and Folded Waveguide Circuits SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY MAY 21-23, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE, ESA, EDS, THALES, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST DE Folded waveguide; serpentine waveguide; slow wave structure; dispersion; TWT amplifiers ID TUBES AB Results are reported from a comprehensive study of the dispersive properties of serpentine and folded waveguide circuits. The dependence of various features of the dispersion on geometrical parameters is illustrated. Comparisons with predictions of a model circuit consisting of a periodically loaded transmission line are presented. C1 [Vlasov, Alexander N.; Chernyavskiy, Igor A.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chernin, David; Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Vlasov, AN (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU US Office of Naval Research FX Work supported by the US Office of Naval Research. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5977-1; 978-1-4673-5976-4 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHY61 UT WOS:000327022700144 ER PT S AU Christian, MP Smith, AN Firebaugh, SL AF Christian, Matthew P. Smith, Andrew N. Firebaugh, Samara L. BE Ferrero, A TI Numerical Model for Predicting and Managing Heat Dissipation from a Neural Probe SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 06-09, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Boston Sci, Natl Instruments, Medtronic, Natl Appl Res Lab, Instrument Technol Res Ctr DE neural probes; bioheat transfer; finite element analysis; modeling ID STIMULATION; BRAIN AB Use of stimulating neural probes has increased in an effort to better understand neural pathways. Current designs using light as a stimulating impulse externally couple the light into the probe. Relocating the light source to the probe tip would improve the flexibility of the technique; however, this approach would generate heat within the embedded probe. Minor temperature excursions can easily damage tissues under study, creating inaccurate results and/or damaging the tissue. A model has been created using COMSOL for the thermal effects of these heated probes in the brain. The model includes blood perfusion and metabolic processes. The model was used to investigate the effect of different geometric parameters on the temperature excursion. It was observed that the maximum temperature change decreases with insertion depth and decreases as the heated area of the probe is increased. The model was also used to study the effect of extending the probe beyond the heated region. This resulted in a significant reduction in temperature excursion. The model has been experimentally validated through physical tests using an Agar gel as a neural tissue simulant. C1 [Christian, Matthew P.; Smith, Andrew N.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Christian, MP (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m131074@usna.edu; ansmith@usna.edu; firebaug@usna.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4673-4621-4 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2013 BP 1420 EP 1425 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHX22 UT WOS:000326900400259 ER PT S AU Calibo, TK Blanco, JA Firebaugh, SL AF Calibo, Taylor K. Blanco, Justin A. Firebaugh, Samara L. BE Ferrero, A TI Cognitive Stress Recognition SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 06-09, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Boston Sci, Natl Instruments, Medtronic, Natl Appl Res Lab, Instrument Technol Res Ctr DE Biomedical Signal Processing; Biomedical Electronics; Brain Computer Interface; Electroencephalography ID RESPONSES; WORKLOAD AB This work explores using a low-cost electroencephalography (EEG) headset to quantify the human response to stressed and non-stressed states. We used a Stroop color-word interference test to elicit a mild stress response in 18 test subjects while recording scalp EEG. EEG signals were analyzed using an algorithm that computed the root mean square voltage in the beta, alpha, and theta bands immediately following the presentation of the Stroop stimuli. These features were then used as inputs to logistic regression and k-nearest neighbor classifiers. Results showed that there was a median accuracy of 73.96% for classifying mental state using the O1 sensor on the Emotiv headset. C1 [Calibo, Taylor K.; Blanco, Justin A.; Firebaugh, Samara L.] US Naval Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Calibo, TK (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m130828@usna.edu; blanco@usna.edu; firebaug@usna.edu NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4673-4621-4 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2013 BP 1471 EP 1475 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHX22 UT WOS:000326900400269 ER PT J AU Chand, D Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Chand, Deepak Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) methanone oxime and 5,5 '-(hydrazonomethylene) bis(1H-tetrazole) and their salts: a family of highly useful new tetrazoles and energetic materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HYDROXYLAMINE AB A family of new nitrogen-rich energetic tetrazoles, di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) methanone oxime and 5,5 '-(hydrazonomethylene) bis(1H-tetrazole), was synthesized in very good yields from inexpensive starting materials. These tetrazoles have excellent thermal stabilities and very high nitrogen content as well as very acceptable impact and friction sensitivities and were employed as precursors to nitrogenrich energetic salts. The hydrazinium and hydroxyl ammonium salts of 5,5 '-(hydrazonomethylene)bis( 1H-tetrazole) exhibit excellent detonation velocities (9050 m s(-1) and 8839 m s(-1), respectively) as well as very good detonation pressures and thermal stabilities. The new compounds may have the potential to replace current nitrogen-rich energetic materials. C1 [Chand, Deepak; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu FU ONR [N00014-12-1-0536, N00014-11-AF-0-0002] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of ONR (N00014-12-1-0536), and (N00014-11-AF-0-0002) - Dr Clifford Bedford. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 48 BP 15383 EP 15389 DI 10.1039/c3ta13425c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 258GI UT WOS:000327446900028 ER PT S AU Pique, A Auyeung, RCY Smith, AT Kim, H Mattews, SA Charipar, NA Kirleis, MA AF Pique, Alberto Auyeung, Ray C. Y. Smith, Andrew T. Kim, Heungsoo Mattews, Scott A. Charipar, Nicholas A. Kirleis, Matthew A. BE Klotzbach, U Lu, Y Washio, K TI Laser Transfer of Reconfigurable Patterns With a Spatial Light Modulator SO LASER-BASED MICRO- AND NANOPACKAGING AND ASSEMBLY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Based Micro- and Nanopackaging and Assembly VII (LBMP) as a part of LASE Photonics West CY FEB 06-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Non-Lithographic Processes; Laser Direct-Write; Laser Decal Transfer; Spatial Light Modulator; Digital Micromirror Devices; Interconnects; Metamaterials ID DIRECT-WRITE; FABRICATION AB Laser forward transfer of arbitrary and complex reconfigurable structures has recently been demonstrated using a spatial light modulator (SLM). The SLM allows the spatial distribution of the laser pulse, required by the laser transfer process, to be modified for each pulse. The programmable image on the SLM spatially modulates the intensity profile of the laser beam, which is then used to transfer a thin layer of material reproducing the same spatial pattern onto a substrate. The combination of laser direct write (LDW) with a SLM is unique since it enables LDW to operate not only in serial fashion like other direct write techniques but instead reach a level in parallel processing not possible with traditional digital fabrication methods. This paper describes the use of Digital Micromirror Devices or DMDs as SLMs in combination with visible (lambda = 532 nm) nanosecond lasers. The parallel laser printing of arrayed structures with a single laser shot is demonstrated together with the full capabilities of SLMs for laser printing reconfigurable patterns of silver nano-inks. Finally, an overview of the unique advantages and capabilities of laser forward transfer with SLMs is presented. C1 [Pique, Alberto; Auyeung, Ray C. Y.; Kim, Heungsoo; Mattews, Scott A.; Charipar, Nicholas A.; Kirleis, Matthew A.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Smith, Andrew T.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pique@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9377-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8608 AR UNSP 86080K DI 10.1117/12.2005345 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BIC32 UT WOS:000327383200015 ER PT J AU Stanney, KM Cohn, J Milham, L Hale, K Darken, R Sullivan, J AF Stanney, Kay M. Cohn, Joseph Milham, Laura Hale, Kelly Darken, Rudy Sullivan, Joseph TI Deriving Training Strategies for Spatial Knowledge Acquisition From Behavioral, Cognitive, and Neural Foundations SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spatial knowledge acquisition; navigation; virtual worlds; virtual environments ID LARGE-SCALE SPACE; VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; REAL-WORLD; CONFIGURATIONAL KNOWLEDGE; LEARNING-DISABILITIES; PLACE CELLS; DESK-TOP; NAVIGATION; HIPPOCAMPUS; MEMORY AB While much has been made of the potential uses for virtual environment (VE) technologies as training aids, there are few guidelines and strategies to inform system development from the user's perspective. Assumptions are that a human factors-based evaluation will ensure optimal performance, transferring training from virtual to real worlds; however, there are complex, yet unexplored, issues surrounding system optimization and employment. A comprehensive investigation into the foundations of training, traversing levels of performance analysis, from overt behavioral responses to the less explicit neuronal patterns, is proposed from which optimal training strategies can be inferred and system development guidelines deduced. C1 [Stanney, Kay M.; Milham, Laura; Hale, Kelly] Design Interact Inc, Oviedo, FL USA. [Cohn, Joseph] Off Naval Res, Human & Bioengn Syst Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Darken, Rudy; Sullivan, Joseph] Naval Post Grad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA USA. RP Stanney, KM (reprint author), 1221 E Broadway,Suite 110, Oviedo, FL 32765 USA. EM kay@designinteractive.net NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2013 VL 25 IS 3 SI SI BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.1037/h0094962 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 253BY UT WOS:000327058000003 ER PT J AU Claussen, JC Algar, WR Hildebrandt, N Susumu, K Ancona, MG Medintz, IL AF Claussen, Jonathan C. Algar, W. Russ Hildebrandt, Niko Susumu, Kimihiro Ancona, Mario G. Medintz, Igor L. TI Biophotonic logic devices based on quantum dots and temporally-staggered Forster energy transfer relays SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR LOGIC; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; GATE OPERATIONS; LIVING CELLS; HALF-ADDER; METAL-IONS; DNA; FLUORESCENCE; SWITCHES; FRET AB Integrating photonic inputs/outputs into unimolecular logic devices can provide significantly increased functional complexity and the ability to expand the repertoire of available operations. Here, we build upon a system previously utilized for biosensing to assemble and prototype several increasingly sophisticated biophotonic logic devices that function based upon multistep Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) relays. The core system combines a central semiconductor quantum dot (QD) nanoplatform with a long-lifetime Tb complex FRET donor and a near-IR organic fluorophore acceptor; the latter acts as two unique inputs for the QD-based device. The Tb complex allows for a form of temporal memory by providing unique access to a time-delayed modality as an alternate output which significantly increases the inherent computing options. Altering the device by controlling the configuration parameters with biologically based self-assembly provides input control while monitoring changes in emission output of all participants, in both a spectral and temporal-dependent manner, gives rise to two input, single output Boolean Logic operations including OR, AND, INHIBIT, XOR, NOR, NAND, along with the possibility of gate transitions. Incorporation of an enzymatic cleavage step provides for a set-reset function that can be implemented repeatedly with the same building blocks and is demonstrated with single input, single output YES and NOT gates. Potential applications for these devices are discussed in the context of their constituent parts and the richness of available signal. C1 [Ancona, Mario G.] US Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Claussen, Jonathan C.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Algar, W. Russ] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Hildebrandt, Niko] Univ Paris 11, Inst Elect Fondamentale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Susumu, Kimihiro] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. EM Igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil OI Claussen, Jonathan/0000-0001-7065-1077 FU NRL; NRL NSI; ONR; DARPA; DTRA-JSTO MIPR [B112582M]; European Commission; University of British Columbia; Canada Research Chair; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) FX The authors acknowledge NRL, NRL NSI, ONR, DARPA, DTRA-JSTO MIPR no. B112582M, the European Commission (FP7 project Nanognostics), the University of British Columbia, a Canada Research Chair (Tier 2, WRA) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) for financial support. The authors thank Lumiphore, Inc. for the Lumi4-Tb reagents and Invitrogen Life Sciences for the QDs. NR 86 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 9 U2 71 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2013 VL 5 IS 24 BP 12156 EP 12170 DI 10.1039/c3nr03655c PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 259DP UT WOS:000327507900020 PM 24056977 ER PT S AU Logan, JT Holland, SS Schaubert, DH Kindt, RW Vouvakis, MN AF Logan, John T. Holland, Steven S. Schaubert, Daniel H. Kindt, Rick W. Vouvakis, Marinos N. GP IEEE TI A Review of Planar Ultrawideband Modular Antenna (PUMA) Arrays SO PROCEEDINGS OF 2013 URSI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY (EMTS) SE URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory (EMTS) CY MAY 20-24, 2013 CL Int Union Radio Sci Japanese Comm, Commiss B, Hiroshima, JAPAN SP Int Union Radio Sci, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Elect Soc HO Int Union Radio Sci Japanese Comm, Commiss B AB Planar Ultrawideband Modular Antenna (PUMA) arrays are low-cost, wide-scan, and low-cross polarization dual-polarized UWB arrays that combine excellent electrical performance with convenient and practical feeding/fabrication processes. Each member of the PUMA array family consists of tightly coupled horizontal dipoles over a ground plane with novel feeding schemes that enable simple PCB fabrication. This feeding eliminates the need for baluns, "cable organizers," and other external support mechanisms to produce stand-alone, high-efficiency radiators. Additionally, all PUMA arrays consist of dual-offset dual-polarized lattice arrangements for modular, tile-based assembly. This paper will review the basic operation principles of the PUMA arrays followed by the technological evolution of the PUMA array family. Fabricated PUMA arrays and full-wave simulations of structures that can be manufacutured with standard fabrication technologies will be shown along with results. C1 [Logan, John T.; Holland, Steven S.; Schaubert, Daniel H.; Vouvakis, Marinos N.] UMass Amherst, ECE, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kindt, Rick W.] Naval Res Lab, Radar Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Logan, JT (reprint author), UMass Amherst, ECE, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM logan@ecs.umass.edu; sholland@ecs.umass.edu; schaubert@ecs.umass.edu; vouvakis@ecs.umass.edu; rick.kindt@nrl.navy.mil OI Logan, John/0000-0002-5174-6588 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-405X BN 978-1-4673-4939-0; 978-4-88552-276-5 J9 URSI INT SYM ELECT PY 2013 BP 868 EP 871 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIA80 UT WOS:000327180500222 ER PT S AU Chatterjee, D Rao, SM Kluskens, MS AF Chatterjee, D. Rao, S. M. Kluskens, M. S. GP IEEE TI Improved Evaluation of Sommerfeld Integrals for Microstrip Antenna Problems SO PROCEEDINGS OF 2013 URSI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY (EMTS) SE URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory (EMTS) CY MAY 20-24, 2013 CL Int Union Radio Sci Japanese Comm, Commiss B, Hiroshima, JAPAN SP Int Union Radio Sci, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Elect Soc HO Int Union Radio Sci Japanese Comm, Commiss B ID MEDIA GREENS-FUNCTIONS; LAYERED MEDIA; TAILS AB An improved technique for accurate evaluation of the Sommerfeld integrals appearing in the G(zx) component single layer microstrip Green's function is described here that utilizes closed-form evaluation of the infinite tail, and numerical integration of a finite integral. The overall method avoids: (a) any pole calculations, and, (b) the traditional large argument approximation of the Bessel function of the Sommerfeld integrand. Initial numerical results from this proposed method are included. Since the method avoids any pole calculations, it can be expected to provide improvement for full-wave analysis of a wider class of microstrip patches on electrically thick substrates. C1 [Chatterjee, D.] UMKC, CSEE Dept, 570-F Flarsheim Hall,5110 Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Rao, S. M.; Kluskens, M. S.] US Navy, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chatterjee, D (reprint author), UMKC, CSEE Dept, 570-F Flarsheim Hall,5110 Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM chatd@umkc.edu FU ASEE; Office of Naval Research under an NRL 6.2 Base Program FX The primary author gratefully acknowledges the financial support from ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship program, during the course of this investigation from June to August 2012. This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under an NRL 6.2 Base Program. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the generous help of Dr. Michael Shell with various commands in using the LATEXsoftware for preparation of this manuscript. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-405X BN 978-1-4673-4939-0; 978-4-88552-276-5 J9 URSI INT SYM ELECT PY 2013 BP 981 EP 984 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIA80 UT WOS:000327180500253 ER PT J AU Carter, KL Ramlall, R Tummala, M McEachen, J AF Carter, Kaylene L. Ramlall, Rohan Tummala, Murali McEachen, John GP ION TI Bandwidth Efficient ATSC TDOA Positioning in GPS-Denied Environments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 27-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP Inst Nav AB It is widely known that GPS is unreliable in indoor environments due to its low signal strength and high frequency [1], and thus some type of system complementary to GPS is required for navigation in indoor environments. In contrast with GPS, certain radio frequency (RF) signals of opportunity (SoOP) provide high powered, low frequency signals. SoOP are signals that can be used for positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) even though their design intent is for applications other than PNT [2]. The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) signal is designed for digital television transmission, yet the exploitation of its recurring training sequences and known transmitter locations allows positioning estimates to be made. The objective of this research is to use ATSC signals to produce two-dimensional indoor positioning solutions. The recurring pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence embedded in the signal may be used in cross-correlation to produce time of arrival (ToA) information. A reference station (known position) and mobile station (unknown position) each measure the time of arrival of DTV signals from three or more TV towers. The clocks of both stations are synchronized, and the reference only shares its ToA measurements with the mobile; unlike conventional time difference of arrival (TDoA) where the reference shares the entire received signal with the mobile [3]. A least squares algorithm is then implemented to compute a TDoA-based position estimate. With thousands of DTV towers across the North American continent, the proposed scheme could be applied anywhere there is reception from at least three TV towers. An advantage of DTV positioning is that it does not require any changes to the existing DTV infrastructure. The only additions required are the monitor receiver, a user receiver, and a communications link between the two. This paper presents actual experimental results of the aforementioned TDoA positioning scheme using the ATSC signal in San Diego, CA. Dynamic indoor and stationary open-sky test results are presented representing worst and best case scenarios [4]. The hardware platform used is the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) N210. A review of current literature on the use of the USRP did not turn up any results on its use for positioning using the ATSC signal. The experimental results demonstrate that the positioning scheme is capable of producing meter level (order of magnitude) positioning accuracy in outdoor environments and tens of meters (order of magnitude) positioning accuracy in indoor environments. The effects that factors such as TV tower elevation, power transmission, and TV tower geometry have on the accuracy of the estimated ranges, and thus on overall positioning accuracy, are also discussed. C1 [Carter, Kaylene L.; Tummala, Murali] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Carter, KL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2013 BP 717 EP 725 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BHZ13 UT WOS:000327063800070 ER PT S AU Hernandez, R Faella, J AF Hernandez, Robert Faella, John GP IEEE TI Towards Policy and Guidelines for the Selection of Computational Engines SO 2013 7TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (SYSCON 2013) SE Annual IEEE Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon) CY APR 15-18, 2013 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE computer architecture selection; computer architecture evaluation; support vector machines; neural machine interface; lower limb control; wounded warrior AB Much research has been performed that concentrates on providing processing throughput enhancements to existing algorithms. Many systems have performance requirements that constrain their volume and/or power consumption. For volume and power consumption constrained systems, throughput cannot be the only decision factor when selecting a computational engine. Typical studies can aid in the selection of computational engines that meet the throughput requirements of a system, but may be of little help with respect to the volume, power and thermal constraints. This paper takes a different approach to help provide a different perspective on the constrained design problem. The research performed in this paper emphasizes the cost due to the power, size and Non-Recurring Engineering (NRE) costs of various computational engines. The computational engines researched in this paper are: Central Processing Unit (CPU), mobile CPU, Digital Signal Processor (DSP), and mobile Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). The various architectures are compared against each other with respect to throughput, power, size and NRE costs. The authors hope that the process outlined in this paper may serve as a possible guideline for other Systems Engineers to perform similar Analysis of Alternatives of computational engines. Furthermore, the authors hope that the methods used for the relative performance evaluations will serve as a starting point to help shape policy in the selection of computational engines for future designs. C1 [Hernandez, Robert; Faella, John] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Torpedo Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Hernandez, R (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Torpedo Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM robert.hernandez2@navy.mil; john.faella@navy.mil NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-7620 BN 978-1-4673-3108-1; 978-1-4673-3107-4 J9 ANN IEEE SYST CONF PY 2013 BP 88 EP 95 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHV65 UT WOS:000326754400016 ER PT S AU Vaneman, WK Jaskot, RD AF Vaneman, Warren K. Jaskot, Roger D. GP IEEE TI A Criteria-Based Framework for Establishing System of Systems Governance SO 2013 7TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (SYSCON 2013) SE Annual IEEE Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon) CY APR 15-18, 2013 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE System of Systems; Governance AB Net-centricity is forcing the evolution of system of systems (SoS). One aspect of SoS that has been essentially ignored is SoS governance. Governance is the set of rules, policies, and decision-making criteria that will guide the SoS to achieving its goals and objectives. In this paper, we join the attributes of governance practices found in the IT community with known SoS types and characteristics to develop a criteria-based framework for SoS governance. C1 [Vaneman, Warren K.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Jaskot, Roger D.] Space Field Act, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Command, Chantilly, VA USA. RP Vaneman, WK (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-7620 BN 978-1-4673-3108-1; 978-1-4673-3107-4 J9 ANN IEEE SYST CONF PY 2013 BP 491 EP 496 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHV65 UT WOS:000326754400077 ER PT S AU Heitmeyer, CL AF Heitmeyer, Constance L. GP IEEE TI Model-based Software Development: Benefits and Barriers SO 2013 IEEE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE SECURITY AND RELIABILITY (SERE) SE International Conference on Software Security and Reliability LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Software Security and Reliability (SERE) CY JUN 18-20, 2013 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP IEEE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, IEEE Reliabil Soc, IEEE Comp Soc C1 US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heitmeyer, CL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2378-3877 BN 978-0-7695-5021-3; 978-1-4799-0406-8 J9 INT CONF SOFTW SECUR PY 2013 BP XVII EP XVIII PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHZ96 UT WOS:000327102200001 ER PT S AU Kam, C Kompella, S Nguyen, GD Wieselthier, JE Ephremides, A AF Kam, Clement Kompella, Sastry Nguyen, Gam D. Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Ephremides, Anthony GP IEEE TI Multicast Throughput Stability Analysis for Cognitive Cooperative Random Access SO 2013 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd IEEE INFOCOM Conference CY APR 14-19, 2013 CL Turin, ITALY SP IEEE ID MULTIPACKET RECEPTION; STABLE THROUGHPUT; MULTIPLE-ACCESS; PROTOCOL DESIGN; SLOTTED ALOHA; CAPABILITY AB In this work, we investigate the queue stability of a two-user cognitive radio system with multicast traffic. We study the impact of network-level cooperation, in which one of the nodes can relay the packets of the other user that are not received at the destinations. Under this approach, if a packet transmitted by the primary user is not successfully received by the destination set but is captured by the secondary source, then the secondary user assumes responsibility for completing the transmission of the packet; therefore, the primary releases it from its queue, enabling it to process the next packet. We demonstrate that the stability region of this cooperative approach is larger than that of the noncooperative approach, which translates into a benefit for both users of this multicast system. Our system model allows for the possibility of multipacket reception, and the optimal transmission strategies for different levels of multipacket reception capability are observed in our numerical results. C1 [Kam, Clement; Kompella, Sastry; Nguyen, Gam D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC USA. [Wieselthier, Jeffrey E.] Wieselthier Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ephremides, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD USA. RP Kam, C (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 978-1-4673-5946-7 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2013 BP 170 EP 174 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHQ33 UT WOS:000326335200042 ER PT J AU Denham, G Schenck, H Schulze, M Wakefield, M Walther, U AF Denham, G. Schenck, H. Schulze, M. Wakefield, M. Walther, U. TI LOCAL COHOMOLOGY OF LOGARITHMIC FORMS SO ANNALES DE L INSTITUT FOURIER LA English DT Article DE hyperplane arrangement; logarithmic; differential form; free divisor ID LINEAR FREE DIVISORS; FREE RESOLUTION; ARRANGEMENT; MODULE; HYPERPLANES; DERIVATIONS; COMPLEMENT; POWERS; CURVE AB Let Y be a divisor on a smooth algebraic variety X. We investigate the geometry of the Jacobian scheme of Y, homological invariants derived from logarithmic differential forms along Y, and their relationship with the property that Y be a free divisor. We consider arrangements of hyperplanes as a source of examples and counterexamples. In particular, we make a complete calculation of the local cohomology of logarithmic forms of generic hyperplane arrangements. C1 [Denham, G.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Math, London, ON N6A 5E7, Canada. [Schenck, H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Math, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Schulze, M.] Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Math, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Wakefield, M.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Walther, U.] Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Denham, G (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Math, London, ON N6A 5E7, Canada. EM gdenham@uwo.ca; schenck@math.uiuc.edu; mschulze@mathematik.uni-kl.de; wakefiel@usna.edu; walther@math.purdue.edu FU NSERC; NSA [H98230-11-1-0170]; NSF [DMS-1068754]; Office of Naval Research; NSF grant [DMS-0901123] FX G.D. supported by NSERC.; H.S. supported by NSA H98230-11-1-0170, NSF DMS-1068754.; M.W. partially supported by the Office of Naval Research.; U.W. supported by NSF grant DMS-0901123. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALES INST FOURIER PI ST MARTIN D HERES CEDEX PA INST MATHEMATIQUES PURES BOITE POSTALE 116, 38402 ST MARTIN D HERES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0373-0956 J9 ANN I FOURIER JI Ann. Inst. Fourier PY 2013 VL 63 IS 3 BP 1177 EP 1203 PG 27 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 252HF UT WOS:000326995000011 ER PT S AU Charipar, NA Charipar, KM Kim, H Kirleis, MA Auyeung, RCY Smith, AT Mathews, SA Pique, A AF Charipar, Nicholas A. Charipar, Kristin M. Kim, Heungsoo Kirleis, Matthew A. Auyeung, Ray C. Y. Smith, Andrew T. Mathews, Scott A. Pique, Alberto BE Xu, X Hennig, G Nakata, Y Roth, SW TI Laser Processing of 2D and 3D Metamaterial Structures SO LASER APPLICATIONS IN MICROELECTRONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING (LAMOM) XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Applications in Microelectronic and Optoelectronic Manufacturing (LAMOM) XVIII CY FEB 04-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Laser Direct-Write; Micropen; Laser Micromachining; LIFT; Metamaterials ID DIRECT-WRITE AB The field of metamaterials has expanded to include more than four orders of magnitude of the electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from the microwave to the optical. While early metamaterials operated in the microwave region of the spectrum, where standard printed circuit board techniques could be applied, modern designs operating at shorter wavelengths require alternative manufacturing methods, including advanced semiconductor processes. Semiconductor manufacturing methods have proven successful for planar 2D geometries of limited scale. However, these methods are limited by material choice and the range of possible feature sizes, thus hindering the development of metamaterials due to manufacturing challenges. Further more, it is difficult to achieve the wide range of scales encountered in modern metamaterial designs with these methods alone. Laser direct-write processes can overcome these challenges while enabling new and exciting fabrication techniques. Laser processes such as micromachining and laser transfer are ideally suited for the development and optimization of 2D and 3D metamaterial structures. These laser processes are advantageous in that they have the ability to both transfer and remove material as well as the capacity to pattern non-traditional surfaces. This paper will present recent advances in laser processing of various types of metamaterial designs. C1 [Charipar, Nicholas A.; Charipar, Kristin M.; Kim, Heungsoo; Kirleis, Matthew A.; Auyeung, Ray C. Y.; Mathews, Scott A.; Pique, Alberto] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Charipar, NA (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nicholas.charipar@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9376-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8607 AR 86070T DI 10.1117/12.2006496 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHU61 UT WOS:000326691000012 ER PT S AU Howard, RA Vourlidas, A Korendyke, CM Plunkett, SP Carter, MT Wang, D Rich, N McMullin, DR Lynch, S Thurn, A Clifford, G Socker, DG Thernisien, AF Chua, D Linton, MG Keller, D Janesick, JR Tower, J Grygon, M Hagood, R Bast, W Liewer, PC De Jong, EM Velli, MMC Mikic, Z Bothmer, V Rochus, P Halain, JP Lamy, PL AF Howard, Russell A. Vourlidas, Angelos Korendyke, Clarence M. Plunkett, Simon P. Carter, Michael T. Wang, Dennis Rich, Nathan McMullin, Donald R. Lynch, Sean Thurn, Adam Clifford, Greg Socker, Dennis G. Thernisien, Arnaud F. Chua, Damien Linton, Mark G. Keller, David Janesick, James R. Tower, John Grygon, Mark Hagood, Robert Bast, William Liewer, Paulett C. De Jong, Eric M. Velli, Marco M. C. Mikic, Zoran Bothmer, Volker Rochus, Pierre Halain, Jean-Philippe Lamy, Philippe L. BE Fineschi, S Fennelly, J TI The solar orbiter imager (SoloHI) instrument for the Solar Orbiter mission SO SOLAR PHYSICS AND SPACE WEATHER INSTRUMENTATION V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation V CY AUG 25-26, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Heliospheric imager; Solar Orbiter; Solar Probe Plus; CMOS; APS; stray light reduction ID HELIOSPHERIC INVESTIGATION SECCHI; STEREO MISSION AB The SoloHI instrument for the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission will track density fluctuations in the inner heliosphere, by observing visible sunlight scattered by electrons in the solar wind. Fluctuations are associated with dynamic events such as coronal mass ejections, but also with the "quiescent" solar wind. SoloHI will provide the crucial link between the low corona observations from the Solar Orbiter instruments and the in-situ measurements on Solar Orbiter and the Solar Probe Plus missions. The instrument is a visible-light telescope, based on the SECCHI/Heliospheric Imager (HI) currently flying on the STEREO mission. In this concept, a series of baffles reduce the scattered light from the solar disk and reflections from the spacecraft to levels below the scene brightness, typically by a factor of 10(12). The fluctuations are imposed against a much brighter signal produced by light scattered by dust particles (the zodiacal light/F-corona). Multiple images are obtained over a period of several minutes and are summed on-board to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and to reduce the telemetry load. SoloHI is a single telescope with a 40 degrees field of view beginning at 5 degrees from the Sun center. Through a series of Venus gravity assists, the minimum perihelia for Solar Orbiter will be reduced to about 60 Rsun (0.28 AU), and the inclination of the orbital plane will be increased to a maximum of 35 degrees after the 7 year mission. The CMOS/APS detector is a mosaic of four 2048 x 1920 pixel arrays, each 2-side buttable with 11 mu m pixels. C1 [Howard, Russell A.; Vourlidas, Angelos; Korendyke, Clarence M.; Plunkett, Simon P.; Carter, Michael T.; Wang, Dennis; Rich, Nathan; Lynch, Sean; Thurn, Adam; Socker, Dennis G.; Chua, Damien; Linton, Mark G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Howard, RA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9712-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8862 AR UNSP 88620H DI 10.1117/12.2027657 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BHT17 UT WOS:000326605000014 ER PT S AU Korendyke, CM Vourlidas, A Plunkett, SP Howard, RA Wang, D Marshall, CJ Waczynski, A Janesick, JJ Elliot, T Tun, S Tower, J Grygon, M Keller, D Clifford, GE AF Korendyke, Clarence M. Vourlidas, Angelos Plunkett, Simon P. Howard, Russell A. Wang, Dennis Marshall, Cheryl J. Waczynski, Augustyn Janesick, James J. Elliot, Thomas Tun, Samuel Tower, John Grygon, Mark Keller, David Clifford, Gregory E. BE Fineschi, S Fennelly, J TI Development and test of an active pixel sensor detector for heliospheric imager on solar orbiter and solar probe plus SO SOLAR PHYSICS AND SPACE WEATHER INSTRUMENTATION V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation V CY AUG 25-26, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE APS; CMOS; Solar Probe; Solar Orbiter; Radiation AB The Naval Research Laboratory is developing next generation CMOS imaging arrays for the Solar Orbiter and Solar Probe Plus missions. The device development is nearly complete with flight device delivery scheduled for summer of 2013. The 4Kx4K mosaic array with 10micron pixels is well suited to the panoramic imaging required for the Solar Orbiter mission. The devices are robust (>100krad) and exhibit minimal performance degradation with respect to radiation. The device design and performance are described. C1 [Korendyke, Clarence M.; Vourlidas, Angelos; Plunkett, Simon P.; Howard, Russell A.; Wang, Dennis; Tun, Samuel] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Korendyke, CM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9712-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8862 AR UNSP 88620J DI 10.1117/12.2027655 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BHT17 UT WOS:000326605000016 ER PT S AU Vourlidas, A Howard, RA Plunkett, SP Korendyke, CM Carter, MT Thernisien, AFR Chua, DH Van Duyne, P Socker, DG Linton, MG Liewer, PC Hall, JR Morrill, JS DeJong, EM Mikic, Z Rochus, PLPM Bothmer, V Rodmann, J Lamy, P AF Vourlidas, Angelos Howard, Russell A. Plunkett, Simon P. Korendyke, Clarence M. Carter, Michael T. Thernisien, Arnaud F. R. Chua, Damien H. Van Duyne, Peter Socker, Dennis G. Linton, Mark G. Liewer, Paulett C. Hall, Jeffrey R. Morrill, Jeff S. DeJong, Eric M. Mikic, Zoran Rochus, Pierre L. P. M. Bothmer, Volker Rodmann, Jens Lamy, Philippe BE Fineschi, S Fennelly, J TI Seeing the Corona with the Solar Probe Plus Mission: The Wide-Field Imager For Solar Probe plus (WISPR) SO SOLAR PHYSICS AND SPACE WEATHER INSTRUMENTATION V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation V CY AUG 25-26, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Solar Probe Plus; Heliospheric Imager; Solar Corona; Solar Wind; Imaging; Thomson Scattering ID CONNECTION AB The Solar Probe Plus (SPP) mission scheduled for launch in 2018, will orbit between the Sun and Venus with diminishing perihelia reaching as close as 7 million km (9.86 solar radii) from Sun center. In addition to a suite of in-situ probes for the magnetic field, plasma, and energetic particles, SPP will be equipped with an imager. The Wide-field Imager for the Solar PRobe+ (WISPR), with a 95 degrees radial by 58 degrees transverse field of view, will image the fine-scale coronal structure of the corona, derive the 3D structure of the large-scale corona, and determine whether a dust-free zone exists near the Sun. Given the tight mass constrains of the mission, WISPR incorporates an efficient design of two wide-field telescopes and their associated focal plane arrays based on novel large-format (2kx2k) APS CMOS detectors into the smallest heliospheric imaging package to date. The flexible control electronics allow WISPR to collect individual images at cadences up to 1 second at perihelion or sum several of them to increase the signal-to-noise during the outbound part of the orbit. The use of two telescopes minimizes the risk of dust damage which may be considerable close to the Sun. The dependency of the Thomson scattering emission of the corona on the imaging geometry dictates that WISPR will be very sensitive to the emission from plasma close to the spacecraft in contrast to the situation for imaging from Earth orbit. WISPR will be the first 'local' imager providing a crucial link between the large scale corona and the in-situ measurements. C1 [Vourlidas, Angelos; Howard, Russell A.; Plunkett, Simon P.; Korendyke, Clarence M.; Carter, Michael T.; Chua, Damien H.; Socker, Dennis G.; Linton, Mark G.; Morrill, Jeff S.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vourlidas, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9712-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8862 AR UNSP 88620I DI 10.1117/12.2027508 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BHT17 UT WOS:000326605000015 ER PT S AU Watnik, AT Lebow, PS AF Watnik, Abbie T. Lebow, Paul S. BE Forbes, A Lizotte, TE TI Dynamic Holography for Extended Object Beam Shaping SO LASER BEAM SHAPING XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Beam Shaping XIV CY AUG 26, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Holography; Beam shaping; Canopy Obscuration; Foliage Penetration AB We describe a laboratory experiment to improve the energy-on-target for an extended object. We utilize an iterative approach combining digital holography for detection and SLM beam shaping for object re-illumination. We developed a technique to modify the SLM phase to prevent oversharpening of glints and other high intensity return signal points that cause the beam to collapse to a single point with further iterations. Instead, the gain is increased as more light uniformly hits the intended target with each iteration. We present laboratory results to verify this approach and demonstrate the increased gain resulting from this dynamic beam-shaping. C1 [Watnik, Abbie T.; Lebow, Paul S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Watnik, AT (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM code5662@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9693-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8843 AR 88430E DI 10.1117/12.2023395 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHU86 UT WOS:000326708500012 ER PT S AU Firebaugh, SL Terray, EA Dong, L AF Firebaugh, Samara L. Terray, Eugene A. Dong, Lei BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH Ilchenko, VS Aschke, L Washio, K TI Optimization of resonator radial dimensions for quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy systems SO LASER RESONATORS, MICRORESONATORS, AND BEAM CONTROL XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XV CY FEB 03-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Photoacoustic spectroscopy; acoustic modeling; microresonator; finite element modeling ID TRACE GAS-ANALYSIS; TUNING FORKS; LASER; ATMOSPHERE AB A finite element model for QEPAS systems has been developed that can apply to both on-axis and off-axis systems. The model includes the viscous and thermal loss on the acoustic resonator sidewalls, and these factors are found to significantly affect the signal to noise ratio. The model results are compared to experimental data and it is found that the model correctly predicts the optimal radial dimensions for resonator tubes of a given length. The model is applied to examine the dependence of signal-to-noise ratio on resonator diameter and sidewall thickness. The model is also applied to off-axis systems. C1 [Firebaugh, Samara L.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Firebaugh, SL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM firebaug@usna.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9369-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8600 DI 10.1117/12.2004581 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHU88 UT WOS:000326708700041 ER PT J AU Wei, M Jacobs, G Rowley, C Barron, CN Hogan, P Spence, P Smedstad, OM Martin, P Muscarella, P Coelho, E AF Wei, M. Jacobs, G. Rowley, C. Barron, C. N. Hogan, P. Spence, P. Smedstad, O. M. Martin, P. Muscarella, P. Coelho, E. TI The impact of initial spread calibration on the RELO ensemble and its application to Lagrangian dynamics SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; VERTICAL COORDINATE; COHERENT STRUCTURES; PREDICTION SYSTEM; DATA ASSIMILATION; GLOBAL ENSEMBLE; MONTEREY BAY; RADAR DATA; PERTURBATIONS AB A number of real-time ocean model forecasts were carried out successfully at Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) to provide modeling support and numerical guidance to the CARTHE GLAD at-sea experiment during summer 2012. Two RELO ensembles and three single models using NCOM and HYCOM with different resolutions were carried out. A calibrated ensemble system with enhanced spread and reliability was developed to better support this experiment. The calibrated ensemble is found to outperform the un-calibrated ensemble in forecasting accuracy, skill, and reliability for all the variables and observation spaces evaluated. The metrics used in this paper include RMS error, anomaly correlation, PECA, Brier score, spread reliability, and Talagrand rank histogram. It is also found that even the un-calibrated ensemble outperforms the single forecast from the model with the same resolution. The advantages of the ensembles are further extended to the Lagrangian framework. In contrast to a single model forecast, the RELO ensemble provides not only the most likely Lagrangian trajectory for a particle in the ocean, but also an uncertainty estimate that directly reflects the complicated ocean dynamics, which is valuable for decision makers. The examples show that the calibrated ensemble with more reliability can capture trajectories in different, even opposite, directions, which would be missed by the un-calibrated ensemble. The ensembles are applied to compute the repelling and attracting Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs), and the uncertainties of the LCSs, which are hard to obtain from a single model forecast, are estimated. It is found that the spatial scales of the LCSs depend on the model resolution. The model with the highest resolution produces the finest, small-scale, LCS structures, while the model with lowest resolution generates only large-scale LCSs. The repelling and attracting LCSs are found to intersect at many locations and create complex mesoscale eddies. The fluid particles and drifters in the middle of these tangles are subject to attraction and repulsion simultaneously from these two kinds of LCSs. As a result, the movements of particles near the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) location are severely limited. This is also confirmed by the Lagrangian trajectories predicted by the ensembles. C1 [Wei, M.; Jacobs, G.; Rowley, C.; Barron, C. N.; Hogan, P.; Martin, P.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Spence, P.; Smedstad, O. M.] Qinetiq North Amer, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Muscarella, P.] Naval Res Lab, ASEE Postdoctoral Program, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Coelho, E.] Univ New Orleans NRL, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Wei, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM mozheng.wei@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008; OI Rowley, Clark/0000-0003-3496-6404 FU BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) through the Consortium for Advanced Research on the Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment (CARTHE); SEMESTER 6.2 project at NRL; Office of Naval Research FX This research was made possible in part by a grant from BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) through the Consortium for Advanced Research on the Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment (CARTHE). It was also partly funded through the SEMESTER 6.2 project at NRL and supported by the Office of Naval Research. We are grateful to the assistance of many of our colleagues at NRL at Stennis Space Center, particularly Germana Peggion, Jan Dastugue, Michael Phelps, and the scientists from the other organizations that participated in CARTHE. We are grateful to the editor and two anonymous reviewers for the constructive comments and suggestions which have improved the manuscript. The explanation to spatial scale difference between the repelling and attracting LCSs produced by the high resolution model is kindly suggested by one of the reviewers. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2013 VL 20 IS 5 BP 621 EP 641 DI 10.5194/npg-20-621-2013 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 247QF UT WOS:000326633200002 ER PT J AU Mallory, K Hsieh, MA Forgoston, E Schwartz, IB AF Mallory, K. Hsieh, M. A. Forgoston, E. Schwartz, I. B. TI Distributed allocation of mobile sensing swarms in gyre flows SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LAGRANGIAN COHERENT STRUCTURES; TIME LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; MULTIROBOT COORDINATION; TASK ALLOCATION; APERIODIC FLOWS; TRANSPORT; TRAJECTORIES; MANIFOLDS; SURFACES; FIELDS AB We address the synthesis of distributed control policies to enable a swarm of homogeneous mobile sensors to maintain a desired spatial distribution in a geophysical flow environment, or workspace. In this article, we assume the mobile sensors (or robots) have a "map" of the environment denoting the locations of the Lagrangian coherent structures or LCS boundaries. Using this information, we design agent-level hybrid control policies that leverage the surrounding fluid dynamics and inherent environmental noise to enable the team to maintain a desired distribution in the workspace. We discuss the stability properties of the ensemble dynamics of the distributed control policies. Since realistic quasi-geostrophic ocean models predict double-gyre flow solutions, we use a wind-driven multi-gyre flow model to verify the feasibility of the proposed distributed control strategy and compare the proposed control strategy with a baseline deterministic allocation strategy. Lastly, we validate the control strategy using actual flow data obtained by our coherent structure experimental testbed. C1 [Mallory, K.; Hsieh, M. A.] Drexel Univ, SAS Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Forgoston, E.] Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Schwartz, I. B.] US Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mallory, K (reprint author), Drexel Univ, SAS Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM km374@drexel.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N000141211019]; US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [N0017310-2-C007]; ONR [N0001412WX20083]; NRL Base Research Program [N0001412WX30002]; ICMAT Severo Ochoa project [SEV-2011-0087] FX K. Mallory and M. A. Hsieh were supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Award No. N000141211019. E. Forgoston was supported by the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Award No. N0017310-2-C007. I. B. Schwartz was supported by ONR grant N0001412WX20083 and the NRL Base Research Program N0001412WX30002. The authors additionally acknowledge support by the ICMAT Severo Ochoa project SEV-2011-0087. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2013 VL 20 IS 5 BP 657 EP 668 DI 10.5194/npg-20-657-2013 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 247QF UT WOS:000326633200004 ER PT J AU Sulman, MHM Huntley, HS Lipphardt, BL Jacobs, G Hogan, P Kirwan, AD AF Sulman, M. H. M. Huntley, H. S. Lipphardt, B. L., Jr. Jacobs, G. Hogan, P. Kirwan, A. D., Jr. TI Hyperbolicity in temperature and flow fields during the formation of a Loop Current ring SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LAGRANGIAN COHERENT STRUCTURES; TIME LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; CURRENT EDDY; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; TRAJECTORIES; BARRIERS; MODEL; SEPARATION AB Loop Current rings (LCRs) are among the largest mesoscale eddies in the world ocean. They arise when bulges formed by the Loop Current in the Gulf of Mexico close off. The LCR formation process may take several weeks, and there may be several separations and reattachments before final separation occurs. It is well established that this period is characterized by a persistent saddle point in the sea surface height field, as seen in both model and satellite data. We present here a detailed study of this saddle region during the formation of Eddy Franklin in 2010, over multiple days and at several depths. Using a data-assimilating Gulf of Mexico implementation of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), we compare the vertical structure of the currents and temperature fields on 5 and 10 June 2010. Finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) are computed from the surface down to 200 m to estimate the location of relevant transport barriers. Several new features of the saddle region associated with LCR formation are revealed: the ridges in the FTLE fields are shown to be excellent surrogates for the manifolds delineating the material flow structures with only slight degradation at depth. The intersection of the ridges representing stable and unstable manifolds drops nearly vertically through the water column at both times; remarkably, the material boundary shapes are maintained even as they are advected. Moreover, velocity stagnation points and saddle points in the temperature field are consistently found near the intersections at all depths, and their geographic positions are also nearly constant with depth. C1 [Sulman, M. H. M.; Huntley, H. S.; Lipphardt, B. L., Jr.; Kirwan, A. D., Jr.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Jacobs, G.; Hogan, P.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kirwan, AD (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM adk@udel.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0522, N00014-11-10081]; Office of Naval Research MURI OCEAN 3D+1 grant [N00014-11-1-0087]; BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative; Mary A. S. Lighthipe endowment; ICMAT Severo Ochoa project [SEV-2011-0087] FX Support for this research came from the Office of Naval Research through grants N00014-10-1-0522 and N00014-11-10081 to the University of Delaware, the Office of Naval Research MURI OCEAN 3D+1 grant N00014-11-1-0087, a grant from BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, and the Mary A. S. Lighthipe endowment to the University of Delaware. The ICMAT Severo Ochoa project SEV-2011-0087 provided support for publication of this research. The authors wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2013 VL 20 IS 5 BP 883 EP 892 DI 10.5194/npg-20-883-2013 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 247QF UT WOS:000326633200020 ER PT S AU Decker, JW Livingston, MA AF Decker, Jonathan W. Livingston, Mark A. BE Wong, PC Kao, DL Hao, MC Chen, C TI Web Tools for Rapid Experimental Visualization Prototyping SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2013 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis (VDA) CY FEB 04-06, 2013 CL Burlingame, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE, Kitware Inc, Visual Analyt Community, Hewlett Packard Co DE web tools; experimental visualization AB Quite often a researcher finds themselves looking at spreadsheets of high-dimensional data generated by experimental models and user studies. We can use analysis to challenge or confirm hypothesis,but unexpected results can easily be lost in the shuffle. For this reason, it would be useful to visualize the results so we can explore our data and make new discoveries. Web browsers have become increasingly capable for creating complex, multi-view applications. Javascript is quickly becoming a de facto standard for scripting, online and offline. This work demonstrates the use of web technologies as a powerful tool for rapid visualization prototyping. We have developed two prototypes: One for high-dimensional results of the abELICIT-multi-agent version of the ELICIT platform tasked with collaborating to identify the parameters of a pending attack. Another prototype displays responses to a user study on the effectiveness of multi-layer visualization techniques. We created coordinated multiple views prototypes in the Google Chrome web browser written in Javascript, CSS and HTML. We will discuss the benefits and shortcomings of this approach. C1 [Decker, Jonathan W.; Livingston, Mark A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Decker, JW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9427-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8654 AR 86540Q DI 10.1117/12.2008413 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHH41 UT WOS:000325425900025 ER PT S AU Livingston, MA Decker, JW Ai, ZM AF Livingston, Mark A. Decker, Jonathan W. Ai, Zhuming BE Wong, PC Kao, DL Hao, MC Chen, C TI Evaluating Multivariate Visualizations on Time-Varying Data SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2013 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis (VDA) CY FEB 04-06, 2013 CL Burlingame, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE, Kitware Inc, Visual Analyt Community, Hewlett Packard Co DE Quantitative evaluation; multivariate visualization; visual task design; texture perception; relative texture density; user study AB Multivariate visualization techniques have been applied to a wide variety of visual analysis tasks and abroad range of data types and sources. Their utility has been evaluated in a modest range of simple analysis tasks. In this work, we extend our previous task to a case of time-varying data. We implemented five visualizations of our synthetic test data: three previously evaluated techniques (Data-driven Spots, Oriented Slivers, and Attribute Blocks), one hybrid of the first two that we call Oriented Data-driven Spots, and an implementation of Attribute Blocks that merges the temporal slices. We conducted a user study of these five techniques. Our previous finding (with static data) was that users performed best when the density of the target (as encoded in the visualization) was either highest or had the highest ratio to non-target features. The time-varying presentations gave us a wider range of density and density gains from which to draw conclusions; we now see evidence for the density gain as the perceptual measure, rather than the absolute density. C1 [Livingston, Mark A.; Decker, Jonathan W.; Ai, Zhuming] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Livingston, MA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC USA. EM mark.livingston@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9427-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8654 AR 86540N DI 10.1117/12.2005728 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHH41 UT WOS:000325425900022 ER PT S AU Livingston, MA Murugesan, A Brock, D Frost, WK Perzanowski, D AF Livingston, Mark A. Murugesan, Arthi Brock, Derek Frost, Wende K. Perzanowski, Dennis BE Wong, PC Kao, DL Hao, MC Chen, C TI Visualization of Decision Processes Using a Cognitive Architecture SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2013 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis (VDA) CY FEB 04-06, 2013 CL Burlingame, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE, Kitware Inc, Visual Analyt Community, Hewlett Packard Co DE Software visualization; visual knowledge representation; graph/network data; visualization in social and information sciences; cognitive model ID INTELLIGENCE AB Cognitive architectures are computational theories of reasoning the human mind engages in as it processes facts and experiences. A cognitive architecture uses declarative and procedural knowledge to represent mental constructs that are involved in decision making. Employing a model of behavioral and perceptual constraints derived from a set of one or more scenarios, the architecture reasons about the most likely consequence(s) of a sequence of events. Reasoning of any complexity and depth involving computational processes, however, is often opaque and challenging to comprehend. Arguably, for decision makers who may need to evaluate or question the results of autonomous reasoning, it would be useful to be able to inspect the steps involved in an interactive, graphical format. When a chain of evidence and constraint-based decision points can be visualized, it becomes easier to explore both how and why a scenario of interest will likely unfold in a particular way. In initial work on a scheme for visualizing cognitively-based decision processes, we focus on generating graphical representations of models run in the Polyscheme cognitive architecture. Our visualization algorithm operates on a modified version of Polyscheme's output, which is accomplished by augmenting models with a simple set of tags. We provide example visualizations and discuss properties of our technique that pose challenges for our representation goals. We conclude with a summary of feedback solicited from domain experts and practitioners in the field of cognitive modeling. C1 [Livingston, Mark A.; Brock, Derek; Frost, Wende K.; Perzanowski, Dennis] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Livingston, MA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC USA. EM mark.livingston@nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9427-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8654 AR 86540U DI 10.1117/12.2005736 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHH41 UT WOS:000325425900029 ER PT J AU Griffin, D Walker, KA Franklin, JE Parrington, M Whaley, C Hopper, J Drummond, JR Palmer, PI Strong, K Duck, TJ Abboud, I Bernath, PF Clerbaux, C Coheur, PF Curry, KR Dan, L Hyer, E Kliever, J Lesins, G Maurice, M Saha, A Tereszchuk, K Weaver, D AF Griffin, D. Walker, K. A. Franklin, J. E. Parrington, M. Whaley, C. Hopper, J. Drummond, J. R. Palmer, P. I. Strong, K. Duck, T. J. Abboud, I. Bernath, P. F. Clerbaux, C. Coheur, P. -F. Curry, K. R. Dan, L. Hyer, E. Kliever, J. Lesins, G. Maurice, M. Saha, A. Tereszchuk, K. Weaver, D. TI Investigation of CO, C2H6 and aerosols in a boreal fire plume over eastern Canada during BORTAS 2011 using ground- and satellite-based observations and model simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING PLUMES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TRACE GASES; PARIS-IR; OZONE; RETRIEVALS; TRANSPORT; VALIDATION; EMISSION; EUROPE AB We present the results of total column measurements of CO, C2H6 and fine-mode aerosol optical depth (AOD) during the "Quantifying the impact of BOReal forest fires on Tropospheric oxidants over the Atlantic using Aircraft and Satellites" (BORTAS-B) campaign over eastern Canada. Ground-based observations, using Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) and sun photometers, were carried out in July and August 2011. These measurements were taken in Halifax, Nova Scotia, which is an ideal location to monitor the outflow of boreal fires from North America, and also in Toronto, Ontario. Measurements of fine-mode AOD enhancements were highly correlated with enhancements in coincident trace gas (CO and C2H6) observations between 19 and 21 July 2011, which is typical for a smoke plume event. In this paper, we focus on the identification of the origin and the transport of this smoke plume. We use back trajectories calculated by the Canadian Meteorological Centre as well as FLEXPART forward trajectories to demonstrate that the enhanced CO, C2H6 and fine-mode AOD seen near Halifax and Toronto originated from forest fires in northwestern Ontario that occurred between 17 and 19 July 2011. In addition, total column measurements of CO from the satellite-borne Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) have been used to trace the smoke plume and to confirm the origin of the CO enhancement. Furthermore, the enhancement ratio - that is, in this case equivalent to the emission ratio (ERC2H6/CO) - was estimated from these ground-based observations. These C2H6 emission results from boreal fires in northwestern Ontario agree well with C2H6 emission measurements from other boreal regions, and are relatively high compared to fires from other geographical regions. The ground-based CO and C(2)H(6 o)bservations were compared with outputs from the 3-D global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem, using the Fire Locating And Modeling of Burning Emissions (FLAMBE) inventory. Agreement within the stated measurement uncertainty (similar to 3% for CO and similar to 8% for C2H6) was found for the magnitude of the enhancement of the CO and C2H6 total columns between the measured and modelled results. However, there is a small shift in time (of approximately 6 h) of arrival of the plume over Halifax between the results. C1 [Griffin, D.; Walker, K. A.; Whaley, C.; Strong, K.; Kliever, J.; Maurice, M.; Weaver, D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Franklin, J. E.; Hopper, J.; Drummond, J. R.; Duck, T. J.; Curry, K. R.; Lesins, G.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 1Z9, Canada. [Parrington, M.; Palmer, P. I.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Abboud, I.] Environm Canada, AEROCAN, Egbert, ON L0L 1N0, Canada. [Bernath, P. F.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Bernath, P. F.; Tereszchuk, K.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Clerbaux, C.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Versailles St Quentin, LATMOS IPSL, CNRS INSU, Paris, France. [Clerbaux, C.; Coheur, P. -F.] Univ Libre Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. [Hyer, E.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Saha, A.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Walker, KA (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM kwalker@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Drummond, James/O-7467-2014; Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; Parrington, Mark/E-7148-2013; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Parrington, Mark/0000-0003-4313-6218; Whaley, Cynthia/0000-0002-0028-1514; Saha, Auromeet/0000-0002-0731-6193 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NSERC; Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Environment Canada (EC); Natural Environment Research Council [NE/F017391/1] FX Funding for this work has been provided by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Funding for the DGS measurements has been provided by NSERC, the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and Environment Canada (EC). The BORTAS project is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council under grant NE/F017391/1. The TAO measurements were made with support from NSERC, CSA and EC. IASI has been developed and built under the responsibility of the Centre National des Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France). P.-F. Coheur is a Research Associate with Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS); his work is also supported by the Belgian Science Policy Office through ESA-Prodex C4000103226 arrangement. We would like to further acknowledge the LATMOS research group for providing the level 2 IASI CO data. We are also very grateful to AEROCAN (Environment Canada and the Universite de Sherbrooke) and AERONET (NASA/GSFC) for their support and commitment to their respective networks, as well as to Mike Boschat for operating the CIMEL in Halifax for many years. We also acknowledge the work of David Waugh and Jacinthe Racine, who carried out the analysis of the CMC back trajectories and provided us with these data. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 20 BP 10227 EP 10241 DI 10.5194/acp-13-10227-2013 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246NK UT WOS:000326545100006 ER PT J AU Saide, PE Carmichael, GR Liu, Z Schwartz, CS Lin, HC da Silva, AM Hyer, E AF Saide, P. E. Carmichael, G. R. Liu, Z. Schwartz, C. S. Lin, H. C. da Silva, A. M. Hyer, E. TI Aerosol optical depth assimilation for a size-resolved sectional model: impacts of observationally constrained, multi-wavelength and fine mode retrievals on regional scale analyses and forecasts SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; ARCTAS-CARB PERIOD; WRF-CHEM; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; UNITED-STATES; STATISTICAL-INTERPOLATION; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; ASIAN AEROSOLS AB An aerosol optical depth (AOD) three-dimensional variational data assimilation technique is developed for the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) system for which WRF-Chem forecasts are performed with a detailed sectional model, the Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC). Within GSI, forward AOD and adjoint sensitivities are performed using Mie computations from the WRF-Chem optical properties module, providing consistency with the forecast. GSI tools such as recursive filters and weak constraints are used to provide correlation within aerosol size bins and upper and lower bounds for the optimization. The system is used to perform assimilation experiments with fine vertical structure and no data thinning or re-gridding on a 12 km horizontal grid over the region of California, USA, where improvements on analyses and forecasts is demonstrated. A first set of simulations was performed, comparing the assimilation impacts of using the operational MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) dark target retrievals to those using observationally constrained ones, i.e., calibrated with AERONET (Aerosol RObotic NETwork) data. It was found that using the observationally constrained retrievals produced the best results when evaluated against ground based monitors, with the error in PM2.5 predictions reduced at over 90% of the stations and AOD errors reduced at 100% of the monitors, along with larger overall error reductions when grouping all sites. A second set of experiments reveals that the use of fine mode fraction AOD and ocean multi-wavelength retrievals can improve the representation of the aerosol size distribution, while assimilating only 550 nm AOD retrievals produces no or at times degraded impact. While assimilation of multi-wavelength AOD shows positive impacts on all analyses performed, future work is needed to generate observationally constrained multi-wavelength retrievals, which when assimilated will generate size distributions more consistent with AERONET data and will provide better aerosol estimates. C1 [Saide, P. E.; Carmichael, G. R.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. [Liu, Z.; Schwartz, C. S.; Lin, H. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [da Silva, A. M.] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hyer, E.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Saide, PE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. EM pablo-saide@uiowa.edu RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026 FU NASA [NNX08AL05G, NNX11AI52G, NNX12AB78G, NNH11AS15i]; EPA [83503701]; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [UL1RR024979]; Fulbright-CONICYT scholarship [15093810] FX We thank all WRF-Chem developers, especially Jerome Fast and Rahul Zaveri who were responsible for the optical properties and MOSAIC code. We also thank the insightful comments from two anonymous reviewers. Additionally, we thank Jochen Stutz, Pavel Ionov, Carol Bruegge, Robert Frouin, Brent Holben, Sabino Piazzolla, Ellsworth Dutton and Mark Tragesser and their staff for establishing and maintaining the 10 AERONET sites used in this investigation. MODIS data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. This work was carried out with the aid of NASA grants NNX08AL05G, NNX11AI52G, NNX12AB78G and NNH11AS15i, EPA grant 83503701, grant number UL1RR024979 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and Fulbright-CONICYT scholarship number 15093810. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the founding institutions. NR 90 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 20 BP 10425 EP 10444 DI 10.5194/acp-13-10425-2013 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246NK UT WOS:000326545100018 ER PT J AU Funk, AR Goldberg, E Chang, EL Trammell, SA Knight, DA AF Funk, Aaron R. Goldberg, Efram Chang, Eddie L. Trammell, Scott A. Knight, D. Andrew TI Attaching high charge density metal ions to surfaces and biomolecules. Reaction chemistry of hypodentate cobalt diamine complexes SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SCHIFF-BASE COMPLEXES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; AU NANOPARTICLES; AMINE COMPLEXES; LIGANDS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; COORDINATION; IRON(III); DELIVERY AB Hypodentate diamine cobalt(III) pentammine complexes [Co(NH3)(5)(NH2(CH2)(n)NH3)](ClO4)(4) (8: a: n = 3; b: n = 4; c: n = 6; d: n = 8) have been synthesized via the reaction of [Co(NH3)(5)(OTf)](OTf)(2) (TfOH = CF3SO3H) with the corresponding diamines. The analogous t-boc protected diamine complexes [Co(NH3)(5)(NH2(CH2)(n)NHt-boc)](ClO4)(3) (7a-d) were prepared in 4-26% yield. Low yields for the formation of 7a-d are due to competing side reactions which also gave [Co(NH3)(6)](3+). Complexes 7a-d were deprotected using trifluoroacetic acid to give the corresponding hypodentate diamine complexes [Co(NH3)(5)(NH2(CH2)(n)NH3)](CF3CO2)(0.5)(ClO4)(3.5) (9a-d). HBTU coupling of 8c with N-(t-boc)-L-phenylalanine gave an amino acid functionalized cobalt pentammine complex [Co(NH3)(5)(NH2(CH2)(6)NHt-boc)-L-phenylalanine)](ClO4)(3) (10). All new complexes were characterized using UV-vis and H-1 NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Grafting of 8c onto 2.4 mm poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (PEAA) beads was achieved via amide coupling. Complex 8c was coupled to thioctic acid via amide coupling and the resulting cobalt disulfide complex [Co(NH3)(5)(N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide)](ClO4)(3) (11) was attached to 10 nm Au nanoparticles. The amount of cobalt loading onto PEAA beads and Au nanoparticles was determined using ICP-MS and EDX. C1 [Funk, Aaron R.; Goldberg, Efram; Knight, D. Andrew] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Chang, Eddie L.; Trammell, Scott A.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Knight, DA (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, 150 Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM aknight@fit.edu OI Knight, David/0000-0001-5510-6265 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (MIPR) [B102405M, B112542M, HDTRA136555]; National Science Foundation FX This work received support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (MIPR #B102405M, B112542M and HDTRA136555). We would also like to thank the National Science Foundation for an NSF (EAPSI) fellowship (to A. R. F.), and Professor Blackman (University of Otago) for helpful discussions. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2013 VL 42 IS 44 BP 15617 EP 15624 DI 10.1039/c3dt51758f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 240TL UT WOS:000326119800013 PM 24037460 ER PT J AU Shaw, A Lindhome, P Calhoun, RL AF Shaw, A. Lindhome, P. Calhoun, R. L. TI Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence (ECL) Quenching of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) by the Explosives TATP and Tetryl SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE AB Interaction of the explosives triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and Tetryl (2,4,6-Trinitrophenylmethylnitramine) with the electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of Tris(2,2' bipyridine)ruthenium (II) ion (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)) in acetonitrile (MeCN) was studied. Both analytes greatly reduce the light made during the annihilation mechanism yielding ppb level detection. The quenching mechanism for TATP is thought to be EEC' during reduction which reduces the light by oxidizing the Ru(bpy)(3)(+) before it can react with Ru(bpy)(3)(3+) with a rate constant estimate of 4.8 x 10(4) M-1 s(-1). The Tetryl quenching mechanism is less clear, in part, because the molecule is also a fluorescence quencher with behavior suggesting both static and dynamic quenching. (C) 2013 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Shaw, A.; Lindhome, P.; Calhoun, R. L.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. RP Shaw, A (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. EM calhoun@usna.edu FU U.S. Naval Academy; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX My thanks to Dr. Wujian Miao who not only inspired and helped with this study, but has also been a mentor. Funding was provided by the U.S. Naval Academy and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2013 VL 160 IS 10 BP H782 EP H786 DI 10.1149/2.005311jes PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 241ZO UT WOS:000326207400104 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX Kelly, JF Constantinescu, EM AF Giraldo, F. X. Kelly, J. F. Constantinescu, E. M. TI IMPLICIT-EXPLICIT FORMULATIONS OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL NONHYDROSTATIC UNIFIED MODEL OF THE ATMOSPHERE (NUMA) SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE cloud-resolving model; compressible flow; element-based Galerkin methods; Euler; global model; IMEX; Lagrange; Legendre; mesoscale model; Navier-Stokes; nonhydrostatic; semi-implicit; spectral elements; time integration ID SEMIIMPLICIT TIME-INTEGRATORS; PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHODS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; RUNGE-KUTTA SCHEMES; SPECTRAL ELEMENT; MULTISTEP METHODS; ADVECTION AB We derive an implicit-explicit (IMEX) formalism for the three-dimensional (3D) Euler equations that allow a unified representation of various nonhydrostatic flow regimes, including cloud resolving and mesoscale (flow in a 3D Cartesian domain) as well as global regimes (flow in spherical geometries). This general IMEX formalism admits numerous types of methods including single-stage multistep methods (e.g., Adams methods and backward difference formulas) and multistage single-step methods (e.g., additive Runge-Kutta methods). The significance of this result is that it allows a numerical model to reuse the same machinery for all classes of time-integration methods described in this work. We also derive two classes of IMEX methods, one-dimensional and 3D, and show that they achieve their expected theoretical rates of convergence regardless of the geometry (e. g., 3D box or sphere) and introduce a new second-order IMEX Runge-Kutta method that performs better than the other second-order methods considered. We then compare all the IMEX methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency for two types of geophysical fluid dynamics problems: buoyant convection and inertia-gravity waves. These results show that the high-order time-integration methods yield better efficiency particularly when high levels of accuracy are desired. C1 [Giraldo, F. X.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kelly, J. F.] Exa Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Constantinescu, E. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM fxgirald@nps.edu; jfk@exa.com; emconsta@mcs.anl.gov FU Office of Naval Research [PE-0602435N]; National Science Foundation (Division of Mathematical Sciences) [121670]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the Computational Mathematics program; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This author's work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through program element PE-0602435N, the National Science Foundation (Division of Mathematical Sciences) through program element 121670, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the Computational Mathematics program.; This author's work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the Computational Mathematics program and in part by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 15 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2013 VL 35 IS 5 BP B1162 EP B1194 DI 10.1137/120876034 PG 33 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 243WF UT WOS:000326348400021 ER PT S AU Bruninga, R Sorensen, JAT AF Bruninga, Robert (Bob) Sorensen, Jill A. T. GP IEEE TI Charging EV's efficiently NOW while waiting for the Smart Grid SO 2013 IEEE GREEN TECHNOLOGIES CONFERENCE SE IEEE Green Technologies Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GREENTECH) CY APR 04-05, 2013 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Boeing, URS, CCET, IEEE Denver Sect, IEEE Reg 5, IEEE USA DE Electric Vehicles; EV; charging; Plug-in Hybrids; Level-1; Level-2; EVSE; payin-to-plugin; charging at work; BEVI AB Due to a century of gas-tank /gas-station legacy, most of the current focus on Electrical Vehicle (EV) charging has been with respect to public charging, range anxiety, charging speed, and grid impact. Unfortunately, this focus overlooks the existing grid structure that is readily available at little to no additional cost (the ubiquitous 120V outlet) and overlooks the convenience of charging-while-parked The true promise of the EV is its ability to charge anywhere/ everywhere from the national grid instead of only at "stations". And the most prevalent, accessible, and visible manifestation of the grid is this standard 120v outlet (L1 charging). The often touted issues of availability, time-to-charge, and impact on the grid virtually vanish when EV's are simply plugged into a standard outlet while parked at home and at work. Simple 120v charging is practical, low cost, efficient, and is a minimal impact approach to achieve smart grid functionality now while waiting for the future Smart Grid. Convenient technology exists to facilitate this simple "85% solution"but it also requires education and public outreach to be effective. C1 [Bruninga, Robert (Bob)] US Naval Acad, Aerosp Dept, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Bruninga, R (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Aerosp Dept, Annapolis, MD USA. EM bruninga@usna.edu; jatsorensen@gmail.com NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2166-546X BN 978-0-7695-4966-8 J9 IEEE GREEN TECHNOL PY 2013 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1109/GreenTech.2013.11 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHL31 UT WOS:000325778400001 ER PT J AU Feng, BK Jenn, DC AF Feng, Bo-Kai Jenn, David C. TI Grating Lobe Suppression for Distributed Digital Subarrays Using Virtual Filling SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Distributed subarray antennas; grating lobe suppression; matrix pencil method; virtual elements ID PHASED-ARRAYS AB A receiving array processingmethod is presented that synthesizes the antenna response of a contiguous array from the outputs of physically separated arrays of subarrays. It involves filling the gaps between the subarrays with "virtual" elements, thus forming a contiguous array. Therefore, the synthesized pattern has no grating lobes, and amplitude tapering for sidelobe control can be applied. The contiguous array's response can be duplicated in a number of directions limited by the total number of elements. The directions of interest would normally be those of the desired signals (main beam) and interference or clutter (low sidelobes). The directions of arrival of the signals of interest must first be determined before synthesizing the contiguous array response. The modified matrix pencil method has been extended to handle the problem of multiple subarrays for both single and multiple snapshots. The performance of the synthesis method is examined as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per element and various array parameters. C1 [Feng, Bo-Kai; Jenn, David C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Feng, BK (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bfeng@nps.edu; jenn@nps.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 EI 1548-5757 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2013 VL 12 BP 1323 EP 1326 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2013.2285073 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 243VY UT WOS:000326347700006 ER PT J AU Mowry, M Palaniuk, D Luhrs, CC Osswald, S AF Mowry, Michael Palaniuk, Dennis Luhrs, Claudia C. Osswald, Sebastian TI In situ Raman spectroscopy and thermal analysis of the formation of nitrogen-doped graphene from urea and graphite oxide SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE; REDUCTION; OXIDATION; DECOMPOSITION; NANODIAMOND; EXFOLIATION; SPECTRA; SHEETS; TEMPERATURE AB A comprehensive in situ analysis of the formation of graphene during the thermal exfoliation via reduction expansion synthesis (RES) of graphite oxide (GO) in the presence of urea is presented. The addition of urea expedites the exfoliation and reduction process while introducing nitrogen (N) impurities, which serve as dopants within the graphene lattice. The aim of this study is to provide deeper insight into the physical and chemical processes that take place during the synthesis and to gain better understanding of the effect of urea on the reduction, thermal exfoliation and doping of GO. In situ Raman spectroscopy was employed to shed light on the structural changes that occurred during the GO-graphene transformation in the temperature range 25-800 degrees C. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and mass spectroscopy, were used as complementary techniques to monitor sample weight, reaction heat, and gas evolution, in order to distinguish between the various chemical reactions. Finally, the above characterization methods were utilized to gather information about the thermal stability and reactivity of the N-doped graphene by exposing the synthesized sample to additional heating-cooling cycles, after the initial transformation was completed. C1 [Mowry, Michael; Palaniuk, Dennis; Luhrs, Claudia C.; Osswald, Sebastian] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Osswald, Sebastian] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Osswald, S (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 700 Dyer Rd,Watkins Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sosswald@nps.edu FU NPS Office of Research FX The authors appreciate the support that the Research Initiation Program from the NPS Office of Research provided to conduct this work. We also thank Dr. Kateryna Artyushkova (University of New Mexico), who collected the XPS data presented in this manuscript. NR 70 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 56 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2013 VL 3 IS 44 BP 21763 EP 21775 DI 10.1039/c3ra42725k PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 239WM UT WOS:000326056600095 ER PT J AU Baer, W AF Baer, Wolfgang BE Pereira, A Lehmann, D TI A conceptual framework embedding conscious experience in physical processes SO UNITY OF MIND, BRAIN AND WORLD: CURRENT PERSPECTIVES ON A SCIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUANTUM COHERENCE; MODEL C1 [Baer, Wolfgang] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Baer, Wolfgang] Nascent Syst Inc, St Louis, MO USA. RP Baer, W (reprint author), Nascent Syst Inc, St Louis, MO USA. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-02629-2 PY 2013 BP 113 EP 148 PG 36 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA BHO37 UT WOS:000326088200005 ER PT S AU Diptee, D Diptee, J AF Diptee, Darryl Diptee, Jason BE Zeng, QA TI Tacit knowledge acquisition in virtual teams SO 2013 WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYMPOSIUM (WTS) SE Wireless Telecommunications Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS) - Global Wireless Communications - Future Directions CY APR 17-19, 2013 CL Phoenix, AZ DE Tacit Knowledge Acquisition Model; Knowledge Exchange; Virtual Teams; Trust; TKAM AB Each year more organizations shift from costly brick-and-mortar assets to low-cost cyber equivalents which enable geographically spread teamwork via Social Networking Applications (SNAs). While explicit knowledge exchange is densely represented in the literature, there seems to be a lack of sufficient research on the dynamics of tacit knowledge among virtual team members in SNAs. This research paper outlines the results of an international Global Chemical Warfare Team Collaboration (GCWTC) experiment which suggests that tacit knowledge does not flow between people as traditionally prescribed, but is rather only partly inoculated followed by spontaneous self-generation as a factor of trust levels, time exposure and personal communication and comprehension traits. This research triangulates upon a new and exciting theoretical model with which to understand tacit knowledge acquisition. An invitation is extended to utilize the results of this mixed methods study as a foundation to build and test hypotheses for future quantitative research C1 [Diptee, Darryl] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Diptee, Jason] Florida Career Coll, Dept Sci, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Diptee, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM darryl.diptee@navy.mil; jdiptee@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX Research sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1934-5070 BN 978-1-4673-5013-6; 978-1-4673-5011-2 J9 WIREL TELECOMM SYMP PY 2013 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHK66 UT WOS:000325729900001 ER PT J AU Chervin, CN Wattendorf, MJ Long, JW Kucko, NW Rolison, DR AF Chervin, Christopher N. Wattendorf, Michael J. Long, Jeffrey W. Kucko, Nathan W. Rolison, Debra R. TI Carbon Nanofoam-Based Cathodes for Li-O-2 Batteries: Correlation of Pore Solid Architecture and Electrochemical Performance SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC ELECTROLYTE BATTERY; ETHER-BASED ELECTROLYTES; LITHIUM-OXYGEN BATTERY; LI-AIR BATTERIES; LI/AIR BATTERIES; OPTIMIZATION; CATALYST; AEROGELS; POROSITY; OXIDES AB Freestanding, binder-free carbon nanofoam papers afford the opportunity to gauge the influence of pore size on the discharge capacity of Li-O-2 cells. Four sets of carbon nanofoam papers were synthesized from resorcinol-formaldehyde sols, with pore size distributions in pyrolyzed forms ranging from mesopores (5-50 nm) to a size regime not represented in the literature for Li-O-2 cathodes-small macropores (50-200 nm). The first-cycle discharge capacity in cells containing 0.1 M LiClO4 in dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether tracks the average pore size distribution in the carbon nanofoam cathode, rather than the specific surface area of the nanoscale carbon network or its total pore volume. The macroporous nanofoams yield cathode specific capacity of 1000-1250 mA h g(-1) at -0.1 mA cm(-2) discharge rate, approximately twice that of the mesoporous nanofoams (similar to 580-670 mA h g(-1)), even though the macroporous foams have lower specific surface areas (270 and 375 vs. >400 m(2) g(-1)). The specific capacity of the cathode decreases as the thickness of macroporous carbon nanofoam paper is increased from 180- to 530-mu m, which indicates that the interior pore volume is underutilized, particularly with thicker nanofoams. For the four pore-solid nanofoam architectures studied, the specific capacity is limited by pore occlusion arising from solid Li2O2 product that is electrogenerated near the outer boundaries of the nanofoams. (C) 2013 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Chervin, Christopher N.; Wattendorf, Michael J.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Kucko, Nathan W.; Rolison, Debra R.] US Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chervin, CN (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christopher.chervin@nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.long@nrl.navy.mil RI Kucko, Nathan/K-8589-2015 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. M.J.W. (Princeton University) and N.W.K. (Alfred University) were STEP undergraduate science aides at the NRL. NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 34 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2013 VL 160 IS 9 BP A1510 EP A1516 DI 10.1149/2.070309jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 220PY UT WOS:000324600600027 ER PT S AU Bayya, S Villalobos, G Kim, W Sanghera, J Chin, G Hunt, M Sadowski, B Miklos, F Aggarwal, I AF Bayya, Shyam Villalobos, Guillermo Kim, Woohong Sanghera, Jas Chin, Geoff Hunt, Michael Sadowski, Bryan Miklos, Fritz Aggarwal, Ishwar BE Robichaud, JL Krodel, M Goodman, WA TI Recent developments in transparent spinel ceramic and composite windows SO MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS TO OPTICS, STRUCTURES, COMPONENTS, AND SUB-SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Material Technologies and Applications to Optics, Structures, Components, and Sub-Systems CY AUG 26-28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Spinel; absorption loss; High Energy Laser; Photonic mast; BGG glass; composite; ion-exchange AB The U. S. Naval Research Laboratory has pioneered the development of sintering processes for making highly transparent optical ceramics. For example, we have demonstrated the fabrication of record low absorption loss spinel as an exit window for High Energy Laser systems and rare earth doped Y2O3 and Lu2O3 for solid-state ceramic lasers. We have also developed thick spinel windows for submarine photonic masts and predicted the performance of an imaging system using testing and modeling. More recently, we have developed a novel approach of hot pressing where a transparent ceramic is produced in the net shape without requiring post polishing. This technology will result in significant cost savings associated with polishing the final optical element. We are also developing motheye structures on spinel surface to provide rugged anti-reflective solutions. We had earlier identified a Barium GalloGermanate (BGG) glass with matching index and expansion coefficient to spinel. We had demonstrated fabrication of a laminated dome for the Joint Air to Ground Missile (JAGM) program and the technology was transitioned to industry. We have pushed this technology further by developing a BGG glass spinel ceramic transparent micro-composite, which can be processed well below spinel sintering temperatures. To address the relatively lower strength of BGG glass compared with spinel, we developed an ion-exchange process and achieved strengths up to 450 MPa. This paper gives a summary of our recent findings. C1 [Bayya, Shyam; Villalobos, Guillermo; Kim, Woohong; Sanghera, Jas] Naval Res Lab, Code 5620,4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hunt, Michael] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Sadowski, Bryan; Miklos, Fritz; Aggarwal, Ishwar] Def Solut Inc, Crofton 21114, MD USA. RP Bayya, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5620,4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9687-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8837 AR UNSP 88370V DI 10.1117/12.2024111 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHN37 UT WOS:000325971100027 ER PT S AU Bayya, SS Villalobos, GR Hunt, MP Sanghera, JS Sadowski, BM Aggarwal, ID Cinibulk, M Carney, C Keller, K AF Bayya, Shyam S. Villalobos, Guillermo R. Hunt, Michael P. Sanghera, Jasbinder S. Sadowski, Bryan M. Aggarwal, Ishwar D. Cinibulk, Michael Carney, Carmen Keller, Kristin BE Robichaud, JL Krodel, M Goodman, WA TI Development of Transparent Polycrystalline Beta-Silicon Carbide SO MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS TO OPTICS, STRUCTURES, COMPONENTS, AND SUB-SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Material Technologies and Applications to Optics, Structures, Components, and Sub-Systems CY AUG 26-28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE silicon carbide; transparent; ceramic; sol-gel; Field Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST) ID REDUCTION AB Transparent beta-SiC is of great interest because its high strength, low coefficient of thermal expansion, very high thermal conductivity, and cubic crystal structure give it a very high thermal shock resistance. A transparent, polycrystalline beta- SiC window will find applications in armor, hypersonic missiles, and thermal control for thin disc lasers. SiC is currently available as either small transparent vapor grown disks or larger opaque shapes. Neither of which are useful in window applications. We are developing sintering technology to enable transparent SiC ceramics. This involves developing procedures to make high purity powders and studying their densification behavior. We have been successful in demonstrating transparency in thin sections using Field Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST). This paper will discuss the reaction mechanisms in the formation of beta-SiC powder and its sintering behavior in producing transparent ceramics. C1 [Bayya, Shyam S.; Villalobos, Guillermo R.; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.] Naval Res Lab, Code 5622,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hunt, Michael P.] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Sadowski, Bryan M.] Air Force Def Solut, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Cinibulk, Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Carney, Carmen; Keller, Kristin] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Bayya, SS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5622,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9687-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8837 AR UNSP 88370S DI 10.1117/12.2023954 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHN37 UT WOS:000325971100024 ER PT S AU Schultz, R Chen, SY Wang, YL Liu, CH Chang, CI AF Schultz, Robert Chen, Shih-Yu Wang, Yulei Liu, Chunhong Chang, Chein-, I BE Huang, B Plaza, AJ Chang, CI TI Progressive Band Processing of Anomaly Detection SO SATELLITE DATA COMPRESSION, COMMUNICATIONS, AND PROCESSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Satellite Data Compression, Communications, and Processing IX CY AUG 26-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Anomaly detection; Band selection (BS); Progressive band process (PBP); Reed-Xiaoli detector (RXD) AB Band selection (BS) has advantages over data dimensionality in satellite communication and data transmission in the sense that spectral bands can be selected by users at their discretion for data analysis, while preserving data fidelity. However, to materialize BS in such practical applications several issues need to be addressed. One is how many bands required for BS. Another is how to select appropriate bands. A third one is how to take advantage of previously selected bands without re-implementing BS. Finally and most important one is how to process BS as number of bands varies. This paper presents a specific application to progressive band processing of anomaly detection, which does not require BS and can be carried out in a progressive fashion with data updated recursively band by band in the same way that data is processed by a Kalman filter. C1 [Schultz, Robert] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Chen, Shih-Yu; Chang, Chein-, I] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Remote Sensing Signal & Image Proc Lab, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Wang, Yulei] Harbin Engn Univ, Informat & Commun Engn Coll, Harbin, Peoples R China. [Liu, Chunhong] China Agr Univ, Coll Informat & Elect Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Schultz, R (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9721-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8871 AR UNSP 88710P DI 10.1117/12.2027863 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHN48 UT WOS:000325974300018 ER PT B AU Zervaki, AD Haidemenopoulos, GN Lambrakos, SG AF Zervaki, A. D. Haidemenopoulos, G. N. Lambrakos, S. G. BE DebRoy, T David, SA DuPont, JN Koseki, T Bhadeshia, HK TI Analysis of Heat Affected Zone in Al1239 and Al2198 Laser Welds Using Inverse Modeling SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY JUN 04-08, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASM Int AB Case study analyses of Al2139 and Al2198 laser welds are presented. These analyses demonstrate the concept of constructing parameter spaces for prediction of properties within the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) of welds using inverse modeling, which are in turn for process control. The construction of these parameter spaces consists of two procedures. One procedure entails calculation of a parameterized set of temperature histories by inverse analysis of the heat deposition occurring during welding. The other procedure entails correlating these temperature histories with a specific physical property of the weld that is measurable. The analysis presented here examines some characteristics of inverse modeling with respect to the prediction of hardness within the HAZ for deep penetration laser welding of the Aluminum alloys Al2139 and Al2198. This study further demonstrates the feasibility of constructing a parameter space for the prediction of weld properties using weld cross section measurements that are independent of weld process conditions. C1 [Zervaki, A. D.; Haidemenopoulos, G. N.] Univ Thessaly, Dept Mech Engn, Volos 38334, Greece. [Lambrakos, S. G.] Ctr Computat Mat, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Zervaki, AD (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Dept Mech Engn, Volos 38334, Greece. RI Haidemenopoulos, Gregory/C-6496-2014 OI Haidemenopoulos, Gregory/0000-0001-9071-0118 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-1-62708-998-2 PY 2013 BP 117 EP + PG 3 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BHJ89 UT WOS:000325662400016 ER PT B AU Cooper, KP Shabaev, A Lambrakos, SG AF Cooper, K. P. Shabaev, A. Lambrakos, S. G. BE DebRoy, T David, SA DuPont, JN Koseki, T Bhadeshia, HK TI General Aspects of a Methodology for Inverse Thermal Analysis of Drop-by-Drop Liquid-Metal Deposition SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY JUN 04-08, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASM Int AB An overview is presented of general aspects of a methodology for inverse thermal analysis of drop-by-drop liquid-metal deposition based on Green's functions. This methodology is constructed according to the general physical characteristics of rapid prototyping processes employing drop-by-drop liquid-metal deposition. This methodology represents a specific extension of a methodology using basis functions that was introduced previously for inverse analysis of welding processes, and of energy deposition in general. The formal structure of the methodology follows from a specific definition of the inverse heat transfer problem, which is well posed for inverse analysis of heat deposition processes. This definition is based on the assumption of the availability of information concerning spatially distributed boundary and constraint values. This information would be obtained in principle from both experimental measurements obtained in the laboratory, as well as numerical simulations performed using models having been constructed using basic theory. C1 [Cooper, K. P.; Lambrakos, S. G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-1-62708-998-2 PY 2013 BP 728 EP 737 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BHJ89 UT WOS:000325662400101 ER PT B AU Everett, RK Wolk, JN Shabaev, A Lambrakos, SG AF Everett, R. K. Wolk, J. N. Shabaev, A. Lambrakos, S. G. BE DebRoy, T David, SA DuPont, JN Koseki, T Bhadeshia, HK TI Issues Concerning Small Additions of Ni to Ti Friction Stir Welds SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY JUN 04-08, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASM Int ID STEEL AB Recent experimental measurements, involving small additions of Ni foil to CP-Ti friction stir welds (FSWs), have motivated a re-evaluation of issues concerning material flow and the resulting microstructure in these welds. One issue concerns the fact that the Ni additions improved weld microstructure. This implies a need for better understanding the basic mechanisms whereby the introduction of small amounts of this fast diffuser into the stirred region results in improved microstructure and associated improvements in weld performance. Another issue concerns the fact that a relatively high level of detailed information related to material flow patterns occurring in FS welds of Ti can be experimentally measured by x-ray microtomography using the introduced Ni as a flow tracer. This potential availability of large amounts of flow pattern information for Ti FSWs informs our need for a predictive methodology that incorporates large amounts of flow pattern information. C1 [Everett, R. K.; Lambrakos, S. G.] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Everett, RK (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC USA. OI Everett, Richard/0000-0002-6725-9442 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-1-62708-998-2 PY 2013 BP 842 EP 847 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BHJ89 UT WOS:000325662400117 ER PT B AU Lambrakos, SG Milewski, JO AF Lambrakos, S. G. Milewski, J. O. BE DebRoy, T David, SA DuPont, JN Koseki, T Bhadeshia, HK TI Case-Study Inverse Thermal Analysis of 21-6-9 Stainless Steel Laser Welds SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY JUN 04-08, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASM Int AB Case study inverse thermal analyses of 21-6-9 stainless steel laser welds are presented. These analyses employ a methodology that is in terms of analytical basis functions for inverse thermal analysis of steady state energy deposition in plate structures. The results of the case studies presented provide parametric representations of weld temperature histories that can be adopted as input data to various types of computational procedures, such as those for prediction of solid-state phase transformations. In addition, these temperature histories can be used to construct parametric-function representations for inverse thermal analysis of welds corresponding to other process parameters or welding processes whose process conditions are within similar regimes. The case studies presented also examine specific aspects the inverse-analysis methodology relevant to further development of algorithms for its application in practice. C1 [Lambrakos, S. G.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Ctr Computat Mat, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Ctr Computat Mat, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-1-62708-998-2 PY 2013 BP 1050 EP 1056 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BHJ89 UT WOS:000325662400146 ER PT B AU Coxson, GE Russo, JC AF Coxson, Gregory E. Russo, Jon C. GP IEEE TI Efficient Exhaustive Search for Binary Complementary Code Sets SO 2013 47TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SCIENCES AND SYSTEMS (CISS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS) CY MAR 20-22, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD DE complementary code set; Hadamard matrix; autocorrelation sidelobes; binary code; exhaustive search AB Binary complementary code sets offer a possibility that single binary codes cannot -zero aperiodic autocorrelation sidelobe levels. These code sets can be viewed as the columns of so-called complementary code matrices, or CCMs. This matrix formulation is particularly useful in gaining the insight needed for developing an efficient exhaustive search for complementary code sets. An exhaustive search approach is described, designed to find all sets of K complementary binary codes of length N, for specified N and K. Results for several cases are examined. C1 [Coxson, Gregory E.; Russo, Jon C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Coxson, GE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5239-0; 978-1-4673-5237-6 PY 2013 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHE56 UT WOS:000325182600069 ER PT B AU Dashtestani, H Cotae, P Moskowitz, IS AF Dashtestani, Hadis Cotae, Paul Moskowitz, Ira S. GP IEEE TI On the Optimal Placement of Underwater Sensors in a Tree Shaped Multi-hop Hierarchical Network SO 2013 47TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SCIENCES AND SYSTEMS (CISS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS) CY MAR 20-22, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD DE physical layer; tree structured topology; acoustic wireless; underwater sensor communication; channel capacity; acoustic channel; BFSK; CDMA AB We analyze the optimal location of underwater acoustic sensor nodes, with respect to the capacity of the wireless links between the nodes, in a multi-hop hierarchical tree structure based on the information each node has to transfer between underwater levels. A novel algorithm is proposed to calculate the optimal distances between sensor nodes for the proposed hierarchical network. Numerical results for different channel conditions; such as an ideal channel, an imperfect channel with a certain BER, and a channel with interference, are provided. In addition, our algorithm is used to obtain the optimal frequency for each level in the tree shaped network for the above-mentioned conditions. C1 [Dashtestani, Hadis; Cotae, Paul] Univ Dist Columbia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Moskowitz, Ira S.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dashtestani, H (reprint author), Univ Dist Columbia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM hadis.dashtestani@udc.edu; pcotae@udc.edu; ira.moskowitz@nrl.navy.mil FU Department of Defense (DoD) [W911NE-11-1-0144] FX The first two authors thank for support received from the Department of Defense (DoD) Grant W911NE-11-1-0144. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5239-0; 978-1-4673-5237-6 PY 2013 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHE56 UT WOS:000325182600098 ER PT B AU Safier, PN Moskowitz, IS Allwein, G AF Safier, Pedro N. Moskowitz, Ira S. Allwein, Gerard GP IEEE TI Capacity of an Intensity Interferometry Channel SO 2013 47TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SCIENCES AND SYSTEMS (CISS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS) CY MAR 20-22, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD DE Intensity interferometry; steganography; wireless sensor networks ID SENSOR NETWORKS; FLUCTUATIONS; RADIATION; QUANTUM; COHERENCE; SECURITY; STARS; NOISE; LIGHT AB In this work we show that intensity interferometry may be used to send a non-trivial amount of data steganographically over the air. Intensity interferometry was developed by Hanbury Brown and Twiss [1], [2], and originally used to measure the angular diameter of stars [3] at both optical and radio frequencies. Since then, this method has been used in many other fields to measure the size of regions of interest. Here we introduce an opposite paradigm and show that the technique may be used to transmit information wirelessly. This channel does not require additional frequency bands or additional bandwidth as it relies on a phenomenon that is already present but unexploited in current systems, and it has the potential to be highly secure against eavesdropping, and thus shows promise as a means of steganographic communication. We discuss the information theory of our new type of channel and address the trade-off between channel capacity and signaling rate. Finally, we propose communication through intensity interferometry as a method of secure steganographic communication in general and suggest its application in particular for secure communications in networks of wireless sensors. C1 [Safier, Pedro N.] S&J Solut LLC, 107 S West St PMB 509, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Moskowitz, Ira S.; Allwein, Gerard] Naval Res Lab, Cte High Assurance Comp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Safier, PN (reprint author), S&J Solut LLC, 107 S West St PMB 509, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM pedro-safier@sj-solutions.com; ira.moskowitz@nrl.navy.mil; gerard.allwein@nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5239-0; 978-1-4673-5237-6 PY 2013 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHE56 UT WOS:000325182600079 ER PT B AU Wagner, KT Doroslovacki, MI AF Wagner, Kevin T. Doroslovacki, Milos I. GP IEEE TI Transform Domain CPtNLMS Algorithms SO 2013 47TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SCIENCES AND SYSTEMS (CISS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS) CY MAR 20-22, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD DE Adaptive filtering; convergence; least mean square algorithms AB The concept of self-orthogonalizing adaptation is extended from the least mean square algorithm to the general case of complex proportionate type normalized least mean square algorithms. The derived algorithm requires knowledge of the input signal's covariance matrix. Implementation of the algorithm using a fixed transform such as the discrete cosine transform or discrete wavelet transform is presented for applications in which the input signal's covariance matrix is unknown. C1 [Wagner, Kevin T.] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Doroslovacki, Milos I.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Wagner, KT (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5239-0; 978-1-4673-5237-6 PY 2013 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHE56 UT WOS:000325182600010 ER PT B AU Piepmeier, JA Firebaugh, SL AF Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong Firebaugh, Samara L. GP IEEE TI Visual Servo Control of Electromagnetic Actuation for a Family of Microrobot Devices SO 2013 IEEE WORKSHOP ON ROBOT VISION (WORV) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Robot Vision (WORV) CY JAN 15-17, 2013 CL FL SP IEEE AB Microrobots have a number of potential applications for micromanipulation and assembly, but also offer challenges in power and control. This paper describes the control system for magnetically actuated microrobots operating at the interface between two immiscible fluids. The microrobots are 20 mu m thick and approximately 100-200 mu m in lateral dimension. Several different robot shapes are investigated. The robots and fluid are in a 20 x 20 mm vial placed at the center of four electromagnets Pulse width modulation of the electromagnet currents is used to control robot speed and direction, and a linear relationship between robot speed and duty cycle was observed, although the slope of that dependence varied with robot type and magnet. A proportional controller has been implemented and characterized. The steady-state error with this controller ranged from 6.4 to 12.8 pixels, or 90-180 mu m. C1 [Piepmeier, Jenelle Armstrong; Firebaugh, Samara L.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Piepmeier, JA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM piepmeie@usna.edu; firebaug@usna.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5648-0; 978-1-4673-5646-6 PY 2013 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHF97 UT WOS:000325279400033 ER PT S AU Huang, L Lambrakos, SG Shabaev, A Massa, L Yapijakis, C AF Huang, L. Lambrakos, S. G. Shabaev, A. Massa, L. Yapijakis, C. BE VoDinh, T Lieberman, RA Gauglitz, GG TI THz Absorption Spectra and Stability of Fe Water Complexes Calculated by Density Functional Theory SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGIES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies X CY APR 29-30, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE THz spectra; dielectric response; DFT ID FILTRATION REMOVES COLOR; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; TERAHERTZ SPECTRUM; EXPLOSIVES; TURBIDITY; ENERGY AB Monitoring of water contaminants implies a need for determining their dielectric response properties with respect to electromagnetic wave excitation at various frequencies. Iron is a naturally occurring water contaminant resulting from decaying vegetation, which is at much higher concentrations than any other metal contaminant. The present study uses density functional theory (DFT) for the calculation of ground state resonance structure and molecular stability analysis for Fe water complexes. The calculations presented are for excitation by electromagnetic waves at frequencies within the THz range. Dielectric response functions calculated by DFT can be used for the analysis of water contaminants. These functions provide quantitative initial estimates of spectral response features for subsequent adjustment with respect to additional information such as laboratory measurements and other types of theory based calculations. In addition, with respect to qualitative analysis, DFT calculated absorption spectra provide for molecular level interpretation of response structure. The DFT software GAUSSIAN was used for the calculations of ground state resonance structure presented here. C1 [Huang, L.; Lambrakos, S. G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9509-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8718 AR 871803 DI 10.1117/12.2014652 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHH32 UT WOS:000325411000002 ER PT S AU Bangs, CF Kruse, FA Olsen, CR AF Bangs, Corey F. Kruse, Fred A. Olsen, Chris R. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Spectral dependence of texture features integrated with hyperspectral data for area target classification improvement SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIX CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral analysis; HSI texture; Fused spectral/spatial classification; Area targets; Land use ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD CLASSIFICATION; IMAGE CLASSIFICATION; FEATURE-EXTRACTION; IDENTIFICATION; TERRAIN AB Hyperspectral data were assessed to determine the effect of integrating spectral data and extracted texture feature data on classification accuracy. Four separate spectral ranges (hundreds of spectral bands total) were used from the Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR) and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Haralick texture features (contrast, entropy, and correlation) were extracted from the average gray-level image for each of the four spectral ranges studied. A maximum likelihood classifier was trained using a set of ground truth regions of interest (ROIs) and applied separately to the spectral data, texture data, and a fused dataset containing both. Classification accuracy was measured by comparison of results to a separate verification set of test ROIs. Analysis indicates that the spectral range (source of the gray-level image) used to extract the texture feature data has a significant effect on the classification accuracy. This result applies to texture-only classifications as well as the classification of integrated spectral data and texture feature data sets. Overall classification improvement for the integrated data sets was near 1%. Individual improvement for integrated spectral and texture classification of the "Urban" class showed approximately 9% accuracy increase over spectral-only classification. Texture-only classification accuracy was highest for the "Dirt Path" class at approximately 92% for the spectral range from 947 to 1343nm. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of texture feature data for more accurate analysis of hyperspectral data and the importance of selecting the correct spectral range to be used for the gray-level image source to extract these features. C1 [Bangs, Corey F.; Kruse, Fred A.; Olsen, Chris R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Remote Sensing, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bangs, CF (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Remote Sensing, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9534-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8743 AR 87431X DI 10.1117/12.2015201 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHH00 UT WOS:000325394800062 ER PT S AU Daniel, BJ Schaum, AP Allman, EC Leathers, RA Downes, TV AF Daniel, Brian J. Schaum, Alan P. Allman, Eric C. Leathers, Robert A. Downes, Trijntje V. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Automatic ship detection from commercial multispectral satellite imagery SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIX CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Automatic Ship Detection; Continuum Fusion; Maritime Domain Awareness; Multispectral Imagery; Anomaly Detection; Target Detection AB Commercial multispectral satellite sensors spend much of their time over the oceans. NRL has demonstrated an automatic processing system for finding ships at sea using commercially available multispectral data. To distinguish ships from whitecaps and clouds, a water/cloud clutter subspace is estimated and a continuum fusion derived anomaly detection algorithm is applied. This provides a maritime awareness capability with an acceptable detection rate while maintaining a low rate of false alarms. The system also provides a confidence metric, which can be used to further limit the false alarm rate. C1 [Daniel, Brian J.; Schaum, Alan P.; Allman, Eric C.; Leathers, Robert A.; Downes, Trijntje V.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Daniel, BJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9534-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8743 AR 874312 DI 10.1117/12.2017762 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHH00 UT WOS:000325394800033 ER PT S AU Giannandrea, A Raqueno, N Messinger, DW Faulring, J Kerekes, JP van Aardt, J Canham, K Hagstrom, S Ontiveros, E Gerace, A Kaufman, J Vongsy, KM Griffith, H Bartlett, BD Ientilucci, E Meola, J Scarff, L Daniel, B AF Giannandrea, AnneMarie Raqueno, Nina Messinger, David W. Faulring, Jason Kerekes, John P. van Aardt, Jan Canham, Kelly Hagstrom, Shea Ontiveros, Erin Gerace, Aaron Kaufman, Jason Vongsy, Karmon M. Griffith, Heather Bartlett, Brent D. Ientilucci, Emmett Meola, Joesph Scarff, Lauwrence Daniel, Brian BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI The SHARE 2012 Data Campaign SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIX CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Data Collection; Hyperspectral; Ground Truth; HSI Dataset; HSI Signatures; LiDAR; Target Detection ID HYPERSPECTRAL COLLECTION EXPERIMENT; MEGACOLLECT 2004; ROCHESTER AB A multi-modal (hyperspectral, multispectral, and LIDAR) imaging data collection campaign was conducted just south of Rochester New York in Avon, NY on September 20, 2012 by the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) in conjunction with SpecTIR, LLC, the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL), the Naval Research Lab (NRL), United Technologies Aerospace Systems (UTAS) and MITRE. The campaign was a follow on from the SpecTIR Hyperspectral Airborne Rochester Experiment (SHARE) from 2010. Data was collected in support of the eleven simultaneous experiments described here. The airborne imagery was collected over four different sites with hyperspectral, multispectral, and LIDAR sensors. The sites for data collection included Avon, NY, Conesus Lake, Hemlock Lake and forest, and a nearby quarry. Experiments included topics such as target unmixing, subpixel detection, material identification, impacts of illumination on materials, forest health, and in-water target detection. An extensive ground truthing effort was conducted in addition to collection of the airborne imagery. The ultimate goal of the data collection campaign is to provide the remote sensing community with a shareable resource to support future research. This paper details the experiments conducted and the data that was collected during this campaign. C1 [Giannandrea, AnneMarie; Raqueno, Nina; Messinger, David W.; Faulring, Jason; Kerekes, John P.; van Aardt, Jan; Canham, Kelly; Hagstrom, Shea; Ontiveros, Erin; Gerace, Aaron; Ientilucci, Emmett] Rochester Inst Technol, 1 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Kaufman, Jason; Vongsy, Karmon M.; Meola, Joesph] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Griffith, Heather] United Technol Aerosp Syst, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Bartlett, Brent D.] Mitre Corp, 7525 Colshire Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Daniel, Brian] US Naval Acad, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Giannandrea, A (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, 1 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM amg4587@rit.edu; nina@cis.rit.edu FU Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory (DIRS), Exelis; United Technologies Aerospace Systems (UTAS); NRL; UTAS; AFRL; MITRE; RITRE; SUNY FX Funding for this project was provided by the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory (DIRS), Exelis, and United Technologies Aerospace Systems (UTAS). The authors would like to thank Exelis, NRL, UTAS, AFRL, MITRE, and RITRE for their involvement in this project. They would also like to thank SUNY Brockport for the use of their meteorological equipment. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9534-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8743 AR UNSP 87430F DI 10.1117/12.2015935 PG 15 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHH00 UT WOS:000325394800011 ER PT S AU Kruse, FA Fairbarn, KG AF Kruse, F. A. Fairbarn, K. G. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Spectral variability constraints on multispectral and hyperspectral mapping performance SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIX CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Spectral Variability; hyperspectral; HSI; multispectral; spatial resolution; spectral resolution ID SPECTROMETRY; ALGORITHM AB Common approaches to multispectral imagery (MSI) and hyperspectral imagery (HSI) data analysis often utilize key image endmember spectra as proxies for ground measurements to classify imagery based on their spectral signatures. Most of these, however, take an average spectral signature approach and do not consider spectral variability. Multiple spectral measurements, whether from imagery data or utilizing a field spectrometer, demonstrate high variability linked not only to inherent material variability, but to acquisition parameters such as spatial and spectral resolution, and spectral mixing. This research explores causes and characteristics of spectral variability in remotely sensed data and its effect on spectral classification and mapping. WorldView-2 multispectral imagery and Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) hyperspectral (HSI) data at similar spatial resolutions were corrected to reflectance using a model-based approach supplemented by field spectral measurements. A second AVIRIS dataset at lower spatial resolution was also used. These data were then analyzed using ground and image spectral endmember spectra. Endmember spectra were assessed in terms of their spectral variability, and statistical and spectral-feature-based classification approaches were tested and compared. Results illustrate that improved mapping can be achieved when spectral variability of individual endmembers is taken into account in the classification. C1 [Kruse, F. A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Phys Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kruse, F. A.; Fairbarn, K. G.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Remote Sensing Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kruse, FA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Phys Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU Science and Technology (ST) Directorate; Department of Homeland Security (DHS); ISR Task force; NASA/JPL FX This research was partially supported by the Science and Technology (S&T) Directorate, Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Additional support was provided by the ISR Task force. AVIRIS data were acquired by NASA/JPL.WV-2 data were provided by the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) under the NextView imagery license agreement. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9534-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8743 AR 87431O DI 10.1117/12.2015840 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHH00 UT WOS:000325394800053 ER EF