FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Garfinkel, SL AF Garfinkel, Simson L. TI Leaking Sensitive Information in Complex Document Files-and How to Prevent It SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article AB Complex document formats such as PDF and Microsoft's Compound File Binary Format can contain information that is hidden but recoverable, as a result of text highlighting, cropping, or the embedding of high-resolution JPEG images. Private information can be released inadvertently if these files are distributed in electronic form. Simple experiments involving the creation of test documents can determine whether a particular program embeds hidden information. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Garfinkel, SL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM simsong@acm.org NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 EI 1558-4046 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 12 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AK1QJ UT WOS:000338190000006 ER PT J AU Ionescu, M Kumjian, A AF Ionescu, Marius Kumjian, Alex TI Grou.poid Actions on FractafoldS SO SYMMETRY INTEGRABILITY AND GEOMETRY-METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Renault-Deaconu groupoids; fractafolds; iterated function systems ID ALGEBRAS; GROUPOIDS; FRACTALS AB We define a bundle over a totally disconnected set such that each fiber is homeomorphic to a fractal blowup. We prove that there is a natural action of a Renault-Deaconu groupoid on our fractafold bundle and that the resulting action groupoid is a Renault-Deaconu groupoid itself. We also show that when the bundle is locally compact the associated C*-algebra is primitive and has a densely defined lower-semicontinuous trace. C1 [Ionescu, Marius] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kumjian, Alex] Univ Nevada, Dept Math, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Ionescu, M (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM felijohn@gmail.com; alex@unr.edu FU Simons Foundation [209277] FX The work of the first author was partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (#209277 to Marius Ionescu). The authors would like to thank the referees for their helpful comments. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCI UKRAINE, INST MATH PI KYIV 4 PA 3 TERESCHCHENKIV SKA ST, KYIV 4, 01601, UKRAINE SN 1815-0659 J9 SYMMETRY INTEGR GEOM JI Symmetry Integr. Geom. PY 2014 VL 10 AR 068 DI 10.3842/SIGMA.2014.068 PG 14 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AK3CJ UT WOS:000338300100001 ER PT S AU Alnemrat, S Hooper, JP AF Alnemrat, Sufian Hooper, Joseph P. BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI Quantum molecular dynamics simulations of the oxidation of aluminum-cyclopentadienyl clusters SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing ID METALLOID ALUMINUM; APPROXIMATION; ENERGY AB We report Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations of the oxidation of aluminum-cyclopentadienyl clusters currently being considered as novel fuels or energetic materials. These clusters contain a small aluminum core surrounded by a single organic ligand layer. The aromatic cyclopentadienyl ligands form a very strong bond with surface Al atoms, giving rise to a stable organometallic cluster which crystallizes into a low-symmetry solid-state material. Our calculations of an isolated cluster in oxygen show minimal reaction between the ligand and oxygen molecules at simulation temperatures of 300 and 1000 K. Rather, in all cases 02 diffuses through the ligand barrier, splits into atomic oxygen upon contact with the aluminum, and forms an amorphous aluminum oxide core. Loss of aluminum-ligand units, as expected from bond strength calculations, is not observed except following significant oxidation. We present simple metrics to quantitatively compare the steric barrier of the outer ligands that limits the oxidation process. C1 [Alnemrat, Sufian; Hooper, Joseph P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Alnemrat, S (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jphooper@nps.edu RI alnemrat, sufian/J-4511-2015 OI alnemrat, sufian/0000-0002-5143-4066 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR 172001 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/17/172001 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900237 ER PT S AU Felts, JE Lee, RJ AF Felts, J. E. Lee, R. J. BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI Small-scale tunnel test for blast performance SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing AB The data reported here provide a validation of a small-scale tunnel test as a tool to guide the optimization of new explosives for blast performance in tunnels. The small-scale arrangement consisted of a 2-g booster and 10-g sample mounted at the closed end of a 127-mm diameter by 4.6-m long steel tube with pressure transducers along its length. The three performance characteristics considered were peak pressure, initial energy release, and impulse. The relative performance from five explosives was compared to that from a 1.16-m diameter by 30-m long tunnel that used 2.27-kg samples. The peak pressure values didn't correlate between the tunnels. Partial impulse for the explosives did rank similarly. The initial energy release was determined from a one-dimensional point-source analysis, which nearly tracked with impulse suggesting additional energy released further down the tunnel for some explosives. This test is a viable tool for optimizing compositional variations for blast performance in target scenarios of similar geometry. C1 [Felts, J. E.; Lee, R. J.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head EOD Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Felts, JE (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head EOD Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM joshua.felts@navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR 182011 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/18/182011 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900257 ER PT S AU Gump, JC AF Gump, J. C. BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI High-pressure and temperature investigations of energetic materials SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; PHASE-TRANSITION; GPA; HEXANITROHEXAAZAISOWURTZITANE; TATB; HMX AB Static high-pressure measurements are extremely useful for obtaining thermodynamic and phase stability information from a wide variety of materials. However, studying energetic materials can be challenging when extracting information from static high-pressure measurements. Energetic materials are traditionally C, H, N, O compounds with low crystalline symmetry, producing weak signal in commonly performed x-ray diffraction measurements. The small sample volume available in a static high-pressure cell exacerbates this issue. Additionally, typical hydrostatic compression media, such as methanol/ethanol, may react with many energetic materials. However, characterization of their thermodynamic parameters and phase stability is critical to understanding explosive performance and sensitivity. Crystalline properties, such as bulk modulus and thermal expansion, are necessary to accurately predict the behaviour of shocked solids using hydrodynamic codes. In order to obtain these values, equations of state of various energetic materials were investigated using synchrotron angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction experiments at static high-pressure and temperature. Intense synchrotron radiation overcomes the weak x-ray scattering of energetic materials in a pressure cell. The samples were hydrostatically compressed using a non-reactive hydrostatic medium and heated using a heated diamond anvil cell. Pressure - volume data for the materials were fit to the Birch-Murnaghan and Vinet formalisms to obtain bulk modulus and its first pressure derivative. Temperature - volume data at ambient pressure were fit to obtain the volume thermal expansion coefficient. Data from several energetic materials will be presented and compared. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head EOD Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Gump, JC (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head EOD Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM gumpjc@yahoo.com NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR 052014 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/5/052014 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900048 ER PT S AU Lee, RJ Felts, JE Watry, C Gonzales, A AF Lee, Richard J. Felts, Joshua E. Watry, Craig Gonzales, Andrea BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI Small-scale chamber test for internal blast performance SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing AB The viability of using gram-scale amounts of explosives in a small test chamber to assess internal blast performance and predict effects at larger scales is investigated. Peak quasi-static pressures from five explosive formulations were measured, and energy released per gram was calculated. The smaller test used 12-g charges loaded in a steel holder, while data selected from the larger test was from bare charges between 2.7 and 21 kg. The energies for a given explosive were comparable for each size charge tested in the larger chamber. In the smaller chamber the energies were less, most likely due to heat losses to the holder. Explosives with the highest concentration of explosive ingredients incurred the highest energy losses in the small chamber. The current design of the smaller test provides a reasonable ranking of explosives with similar concentrations of explosive ingredients, thereby validating the use of the test for the newer explosives being assessed. However, it may be possible to obtain consistent rankings for all explosives given a change to the holder design in the smaller test. C1 [Lee, Richard J.; Felts, Joshua E.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head EOD Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Watry, Craig; Gonzales, Andrea] Appl Res Associat, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Lee, RJ (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head EOD Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM richard.j.lee@navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency ( DTRA) FX The authors would like to thank Bill Wilson from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency ( DTRA) for supporting this work. We thank Kevin Gibson, John LaSala, Robert Hay, Tyrone Pickeral, and John O'Connor of the Energetics Evaluation Division at Indian Head for their technical support. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR UNSP 182024 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/18/182024 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900270 ER PT S AU Reynolds, JG Sandstrom, MM Brown, GW Warner, KF Phillips, JJ Shelley, TJ Reyes, JA Hsu, PC AF Reynolds, J. G. Sandstrom, M. M. Brown, G. W. Warner, K. F. Phillips, J. J. Shelley, T. J. Reyes, J. A. Hsu, P. C. BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI DHS small-scale safety and thermal testing of improvised explosives-comparison of testing performance SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing AB One of the first steps in establishing safe handling procedures for explosives is small-scale safety and thermal (SSST) testing. To better understand the response of improvised materials or homemade explosives (HMEs) to SSST testing, 16 HME materials were compared to three standard military explosives in a proficiency-type round robin study among five laboratories-two DoD and three DOE-sponsored by DHS. The testing matrix has been designed to address problems encountered with improvised materials-powder mixtures, liquid suspensions, partially wetted solids, immiscible liquids, and reactive materials. More than 30 issues have been identified that indicate standard test methods may require modification when applied to HMEs to derive accurate sensitivity assessments needed for developing safe handling and storage practices. This paper presents a generalized comparison of the results among the testing participants, comparison of friction results from BAM (German Bundesanstalt fur Materialpr fung) and ABL (Allegany Ballistics Laboratory) designed testing equipment, and an overview of the statistical results from the RDX (1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine) standard tested throughout the proficiency test. C1 [Reynolds, J. G.; Hsu, P. C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Sandstrom, M. M.; Brown, G. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Warner, K. F.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD USA. [Phillips, J. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Shelley, T. J.] Bureau Alcohol Tobacco & Firearms, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. [Reyes, J. A.] Tyndall AFB, Appl Res Associate, Tyndall, FL USA. RP Reynolds, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM reynolds3@llnl.gov FU Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Sandia National Laboratories; Air Force Research Laboratory; Indian Head Division; Naval Surface Warfare; U. S. Department of Homeland Security; Science and Technology Directorate; Explosives Division; Los Alamos National Security, LLC; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; The Air Force Research Laboratory and Indian Head Division; AFRL/RXQL; NSWC IHD [LLNLPROC-641023, (760210)] FX This work was performed by the Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) Program, a five- lab effort supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare under sponsorship of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Sandia is a multi- program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC0494AL85000. This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The Air Force Research Laboratory and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare also performed work in support of this effort. The work performed by AFRL/RXQL and NSWC IHD is under sponsorship of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division. LLNLPROC-641023 (760210). NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR UNSP 052037 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/5/052037 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900071 ER PT S AU Sandusky, HW Hayden, HF AF Sandusky, H. W. Hayden, H. F. BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI High and low velocity detonation in a highly insensitive explosive SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing AB Low-velocity detonation (LVD) in a solid explosive from input shocks below the threshold for high-velocity detonation (HVD) had been previously reported for PBXN-109 in two gap tests with sample diameters of 36.5 and 73.0 mm. Similar phenomenon has now been observed for the highly insensitive PBXIH-140, whose critical diameter of similar to 100 mm required an even larger gap test with a sample diameter of 178 mm. When just exceeding the critical gap for HVD, LVD propagated at similar velocities as in PBXN-109 and would punch clean holes in a witness plate like HVD. For somewhat greater gaps, there was enough shock reaction to drive LVD at constant but reduced velocities as the input shock decreased to similar to 1/2 of critical. With a different formulation now exhibiting LVD, it may be more prevalent than previously realized. It is speculated to occur in various confinements when small percentages of easily detonable ingredients fail to initiate the remainder of less shock sensitive ingredients. C1 [Sandusky, H. W.; Hayden, H. F.] IHEODTD, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sandusky, HW (reprint author), IHEODTD, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM harold.sandusky@navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR 182037 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/18/182037 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900283 ER PT S AU Schweigert, IV AF Schweigert, Igor V. BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI Quantum mechanical simulations of condensed-phase decomposition dynamics in molten RDX SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; PRESSURE; MODEL; HMX; EXPLOSIVES; NITRAMINES; CHEMISTRY; WAVES AB A reaction rate model of condensed-phase decomposition hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro1,3,5-triazine (RDX) under pressures up to several GPa is needed to support mesoscale simulations of the energetic material's response to thermal and shock loading. A prerequisite to developing such a model is the identification of the chemical pathways that control the rate of initial dissociation and subsequent decomposition of molecular fragments. Presented here are density functional theory based molecular dynamics simulations of reactive dynamics in molten RDX at an initial temperature of 1500 K and different values of the melt density chosen to probe the effect of hydrostatic compression. The observed dissociation mechanisms and the effect of pressure on the corresponding rate constants are discussed. C1 US Naval Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schweigert, IV (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.schweigert@nrl.navy.mil RI Schweigert, Igor/B-5750-2008 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR 052039 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/5/052039 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900073 ER PT S AU Seminuk, K Joshi, V Gump, J Stoltz, C Forbes, J AF Seminuk, Kenneth Joshi, Vasant Gump, Jared Stoltz, Chad Forbes, Jerry BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI Strain rate behavior of magnetorheological materials SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing AB Strain rate response of two Hydroxyl-terminated Polybutadiene/ Iron (HTPB/Fe) compositions under electromagnetic fields has been investigated using a Split Hopkinson Pressure bar arrangement equipped with aluminum bars. Two HTPB/Fe compositions were developed, the first without plasticizer and the second containing plasticizer. Samples were tested with and without the application of a 0.01 Tesla magnetic field. Strain gauge data taken from the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar has been used to determine the extent of change in mechanical properties by inducing a mild electromagnetic field onto each sample. Raw data from strain gages was processed using commercial software (Signo) and Excel spreadsheet. It is of particular interest to determine whether the mechanical properties of binder systems can be manipulated by adding ferrous or Magnetostrictive particulates. Data collected from the Split Hopkinson Pressure bar indicate changes in the Mechanical Stress-Strain curves and suggest that the impedance of a binder system can be altered by means of a magnetic field. C1 [Seminuk, Kenneth; Joshi, Vasant; Gump, Jared; Stoltz, Chad] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head EOD Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Forbes, Jerry] Energet Technol Ctr, Waldorf, MD 20601 USA. RP Seminuk, K (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head EOD Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM chad.stoltz@navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX This work was funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR UNSP 122006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/12/122006 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900178 ER PT S AU Zhakhovsky, VV Budzevich, MM Landerville, AC Oleynik, II White, CT AF Zhakhovsky, Vasily V. Budzevich, Mikalai M. Landerville, Aaron C. Oleynik, Ivan I. White, Carter T. BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI Nano-scale spinning detonation in a condensed phase energetic material SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing ID SHOCK-WAVE STRUCTURE; NITROMETHANE; MIXTURES; GASES AB A single-headed spinning detonation wave is observed in molecular dynamics simulations of a condensed phase detonation of an energetic material confined to a round tube. The EM is modeled using a modified AB reactive empirical bond order (REBO) potential. The simulated spinning detonation is similar to those observed in the gas phase. However, in addition to the incident, oblique, and transverse shock waves well known from gas-phase spinning detonations, a contact shock wave generated by a contact discontinuity is uncovered in our MD simulations. C1 [Zhakhovsky, Vasily V.; Budzevich, Mikalai M.; Landerville, Aaron C.; Oleynik, Ivan I.] Univ S Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [White, Carter T.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhakhovsky, VV (reprint author), Univ S Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM 6asilz@gmail.com RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016; OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484; Zhakhovsky, Vasily/0000-0001-6620-6616 FU NRL; ONR; NSF; DTRA; USF FX The work at USF and NRL was supported by NRL and ONR, respectively. The work at USF was also supported by NSF, DTRA and an USF Research Faculty Pathway Grant. Simulations were performed using the NSF XSEDE facilities, the USF Research Computing Cluster, and the computational facilities of the Materials Simulation Laboratory at USF. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR UNSP 172006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/17/172006 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900242 ER PT S AU Zhakhovsky, VV Inogamov, NA Demaske, BJ Oleynik, II White, CT AF Zhakhovsky, Vasily V. Inogamov, Nail A. Demaske, Brian J. Oleynik, Ivan I. White, Carter T. BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI Elastic-plastic collapse of super-elastic shock waves in face-centered-cubic solids SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CRYSTALS AB Shock waves in the [110] and [111] directions of single-crystal Al samples were studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Piston-driven simulations were performed to investigate the split shock-wave regime. At low piston velocities, the material is compressed initially to a metastable over-compressed elastic state leading to a super-elastic single shock wave. This metastable elastic state later collapses to a plastic state resulting in the formation of a two-wave structure consisting of an elastic precursor followed by a slower plastic wave. The single two-zone elastic-plastic shock-wave regime appearing at higher piston velocities was studied using moving window MD. The plastic wave attains the same average speed as the elastic precursor to form a single two-zone shock wave. In this case, repeated collapse of the highly over-compressed elastic state near the plastic shock front produces ultrashort triangle pulses that provide the pressure support for the leading elastic precursor. C1 [Zhakhovsky, Vasily V.; Demaske, Brian J.; Oleynik, Ivan I.] Univ S Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Inogamov, Nail A.] RAS, Landau Inst Theoret Phys, Chernogolovka, Russia. [White, Carter T.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhakhovsky, VV (reprint author), Univ S Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM 6asilz@gmail.com RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016; OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484; Zhakhovsky, Vasily/0000-0001-6620-6616 FU NRL; ONR; NSF; DTRA; USF FX The work at USF and NRL was supported by NRL and ONR, respectively. The work at USF was also supported by the NSF, DTRA, and an USF Research Faculty Pathway grant. Simulations were performed using the NSF XSEDE facilities and the USF Research Computing Cluster. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR UNSP 172007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/17/172007 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900243 ER PT S AU Zhakhovsky, VV Budzevich, MM Landerville, AC Oleynik, II White, CT AF Zhakhovsky, Vasily V. Budzevich, Mikalai M. Landerville, Aaron C. Oleynik, Ivan I. White, Carter T. BE Buttler, W Furlanetto, M Evans, W TI From laminar to turbulent detonations in energetic materials from molecular dynamics simulations SO 18TH APS-SCCM AND 24TH AIRAPT, PTS 1-19 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Joint Int Conf of the APS Topical-Grp on Shock Compress of Condensed Matter / 24th Int Conf of the Int-Assoc-for-the-Advancement-of-High-Pressure-Sci-and-Technol CY JUL 07-12, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP APS, Top Grp, Int Assoc Advancement High Pressure Sci & Technol, Aldermaston Weap Estab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Vis Res, NAC Image Technol, Specialized Imaging, Almax EasyLab, SMS Safety Management Serv, IOP Publishing ID SHOCK-WAVE STRUCTURE; GASES AB The structure of a self-sustained detonation wave in solid energetic materials was studied using molecular dynamics simulations. Energetic materials are described by the AB model with parameters modified to investigate the detonation-wave structures. It is found that depending on the reaction barrier for the exothermic reactions driving the detonation and the boundary conditions of the sample this simple model exhibits a detonation structure that can range from a planar to a complex turbulent detonation. The different regimes of condensed-phase detonation seen are similar to those observed in gases and diluted liquids. C1 [Zhakhovsky, Vasily V.; Budzevich, Mikalai M.; Landerville, Aaron C.; Oleynik, Ivan I.] Univ S Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [White, Carter T.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhakhovsky, VV (reprint author), Univ S Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM 6asilz@gmail.com RI Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016; OI Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484; Zhakhovsky, Vasily/0000-0001-6620-6616 FU NRL; ONR; NSF; DTRA FX The work at USF and NRL was supported by NRL and ONR, respectively. The work at USF was also supported by the NSF, DTRA, and an USF Research Faculty Pathway grant. Simulations were performed using the NSF XSEDE facilities, the USF Research Computing Cluster, and the computational facilities of the Materials Simulation Laboratory at USF. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 500 AR UNSP 172005 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/500/17/172005 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA7QL UT WOS:000337722900241 ER PT J AU First, MR Policastro, SA Strom, MJ Riley, SC Robbins-Wamsley, SH Drake, LA AF First, Matthew R. Policastro, Steven A. Strom, Matthew J. Riley, Scott C. Robbins-Wamsley, Stephanie H. Drake, Lisa A. TI 3D imaging provides a high-resolution, volumetric approach for analyzing biofouling SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE barnacle; fouling; macrofouling; method; 3D scanning ID MICROBIAL BIOFILMS; SURFACES; SHIP; COATINGS; SETTLEMENT; ROUGHNESS; BARNACLE; IMPACT AB A volumetric approach for determining the fouling burden on surfaces is presented, consisting of a 3D camera imaging system with fine (5 m) resolution. Panels immersed in an estuary on the southwest coast of Florida, USA were imaged and the data were used to quantify seasonal changes in the biofouling community. Test panels, which were submerged in seawater for up to one year, were analyzed before and after gentle scrubbing to quantify the biovolume of the total fouling community (ie soft and hard organisms) and the hard fouling community. Total biofouling ranged from 0.01 to 1.16 cm(3) cm(-2) throughout the immersion period; soft fouling constituted 22-87% of the total biovolume. In the future, this approach may be used to inform numerical models of fluid-surface interfaces and to evaluate, with high resolution, the morphology of fouling organisms in response to antifouling technologies. C1 [First, Matthew R.; Riley, Scott C.; Robbins-Wamsley, Stephanie H.] SAIC Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Policastro, Steven A.; Strom, Matthew J.; Drake, Lisa A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. RP First, MR (reprint author), Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM matthew.first.ctr@nrl.navy.mil OI First, Matthew/0000-0003-1330-3353; First, Matt/0000-0003-3465-2376 FU Office of Naval Research Swamp-Works; Naval Research Leap-Ahead programs; ONR [N0001413WX20957] FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research Swamp-Works and the Chief of Naval Research Leap-Ahead programs, and the authors appreciate the guidance of ONR Program Manager Airan Perez (ONR award number: N0001413WX20957). The field site was managed by Mercury Marine, and the authors thank Russ Coules and Travis Pickett for shipping the sample panels. The authors also thank Natasha Pinckard (Marine Biologist, Naval Undersea Warfare Center - Division Newport), who reviewed an earlier draft of the manuscript. The laboratory analyses were supported by Diane Lysogorski, Section Head of NRL Code 6,136 and Director of the Center for Corrosion Science and Engineering - Key West, Florida. Finally, the reviews of this manuscript by Diane Lysogorski and Richard Colton (Superintendent, Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory) and three anonymous reviewers improved it - thank you. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 EI 1029-2454 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 2014 VL 30 IS 6 BP 685 EP 693 DI 10.1080/08927014.2014.904293 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AJ8OM UT WOS:000337965600004 PM 24773276 ER PT J AU Morley, ML Velicu, S Chang, Y Grein, CH Kozak, DA Fernandez, B Kubby, J Gupta, N AF Morley, Michael L. Velicu, Silviu Chang, Yong Grein, Christoph H. Kozak, Dmitry A. Fernandez, Bautista Kubby, Joel Gupta, Neelam TI Design and fabrication of Fabry-Perot filters for infrared hyperspectral imagers SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE infrared; hyperspectral; detector; focal plane array; Fabry-Perot filter; distributed Bragg reflector; HgCdTe; micro-electromechanical-systems AB Hyperspectral infrared imagers are of great interest in applications requiring remote identification of complex chemical agents. The combination of mercury cadmium telluride detectors and Fabry Perot filters (FPFs) is highly desirable for hyperspectral detection over a broad wavelength range. The geometries of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR)-based tunable FPFs are modeled to achieve a desired spectral resolution and wavelength range. Additionally, acceptable fabrication tolerances are determined by modeling the spectral performance of the FPFs as a function of DBR surface roughness and membrane curvature. These fabrication nonidealities are then mitigated by developing an optimized DBR process flow yielding high-performance FPF cavities suitable for integration with hyperspectral imagers. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Morley, Michael L.; Velicu, Silviu] EPIR Technol Inc, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. [Chang, Yong; Grein, Christoph H.] Sivananthan Labs Inc, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. [Grein, Christoph H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Kozak, Dmitry A.] Naval Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fernandez, Bautista] Naval Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kubby, Joel] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Gupta, Neelam] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Velicu, S (reprint author), EPIR Technol Inc, 590 Terr Dr Unit B, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. EM svelicu@epir.com NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 EI 1932-5134 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 13 IS 1 AR 011116 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.13.1.011116 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA AK7TL UT WOS:000338630500025 ER PT J AU Spillmann, CM Buckhout-White, S Oh, E Goldman, ER Ancona, MG Medintz, IL AF Spillmann, Christopher M. Buckhout-White, Susan Oh, Eunkeu Goldman, Ellen R. Ancona, Mario G. Medintz, Igor L. TI Extending FRET cascades on linear DNA photonic wires SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; 3-WAY JUNCTION; NANOTECHNOLOGY; SYSTEMS AB Photonic wires were constructed by sequentially arranging up to 7 fluorophores along a concatenated DNA scaffold. This yielded nanostructures displaying from one- to six-energy transfer steps where end-to-end efficiency reflected the multiple underlying photophysical processes and the ability of long-range interactions to compensate for localized non-ideal dye behaviour. C1 [Spillmann, Christopher M.; Buckhout-White, Susan; Goldman, Ellen R.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Buckhout-White, Susan] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Oh, Eunkeu; Ancona, Mario G.] US Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oh, Eunkeu] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil FU ONR; NRL NSI FX We acknowledge financial support from ONR and the NRL NSI. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2014 VL 50 IS 55 BP 7246 EP 7249 DI 10.1039/c4cc01072h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AJ5XT UT WOS:000337764300004 PM 24752334 ER PT J AU Creamer, NG Hartley, RL Obermark, JL Henshaw, CG Roderick, SN Hope, JR AF Creamer, N. Glenn Hartley, Ralph L. Obermark, Jerome L. Henshaw, C. Glen Roderick, Stephen N. Hope, Jamison R. TI Autonomous Release of a Snagged Solar Array: Technologies and Laboratory Demonstration SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE; RELIABILITY; SPACECRAFT; ROBOTICS AB This paper describes a novel concept of operations, payload hardware, terminal navigation strategy, and localized vision scheme for autonomous release of a snagged solar array using a robotic servicing spacecraft. The hardware suite on the servicer consists of two robot arms, end effector cameras, a scanning laser sensor, two local fixed lasers, an end effector fiducial tool, and various active light sources for long-range and localized target illumination. The concept of operations consists of a terminal approach phase, a servicer preparation phase, and an array release phase. The scanning laser sensor is used throughout all phases to determine target pose, whereas the end effector cameras are used during the approach phase for variable baseline stereo ranging and during the release phase for localized scene imaging and arm guidance. Realistic full-scale laboratory tests in a six-degree-of-freedom relative navigation and control testbed demonstrate the complex integration and interaction of close-range autonomous relative navigation, cooperative dual-arm robotics, and localized machine vision necessary to perform such a task. C1 [Creamer, N. Glenn; Obermark, Jerome L.; Henshaw, C. Glen] Naval Res Lab, Control Syst Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hartley, Ralph L.] Naval Res Lab, Naval Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roderick, Stephen N.; Hope, Jamison R.] PTR Grp, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Creamer, NG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Control Syst Branch, Code 8231,4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 51 IS 1 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.2514/1.A32410 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AJ6JY UT WOS:000337800900011 ER PT S AU Canedy, CL Abell, J Merritt, CD Bewley, WW Kim, CS Kim, M Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Canedy, C. L. Abell, J. Merritt, C. D. Bewley, W. W. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. BE Belyanin, AA Smowton, PM TI High- Power CW Performance of 7-Stage Interband Cascade Lasers SO NOVEL IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers XIII CY FEB 03-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Interband cascade laser; mid-infrared; cw output power; wallplug efficiency; high efficiency AB We report a narrow-ridge interband cascade laser emitting at lambda approximate to 3.5 mu m that produces up to 592 mW of cw power with a wallplug efficiency of 10.1% and beam quality factor of M-2 = 3.7 at T = 25 degrees C. Furthermore, devices from a large number of wafers with similar 7-stage designs and wavelengths spanning 2.8-4.7 m exhibit consistently higher pulsed external differential quantum efficiencies than earlier state-of-the-art ICLs. C1 [Canedy, C. L.; Abell, J.; Merritt, C. D.; Bewley, W. W.; Kim, C. S.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, M.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Annapolis, MD 20701 USA. RP Canedy, CL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM MWIR_lasers@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9915-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9002 AR UNSP 90021C DI 10.1117/12.2039941 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BA7IQ UT WOS:000337575500020 ER PT J AU Hassler, B Petropavlovskikh, I Staehelin, J August, T Bhartia, PK Clerbaux, C Degenstein, D De Maziere, M Dinelli, BM Dudhia, A Dufour, G Frith, SM Froidevaux, L Godin-Beekmann, S Granville, J Harris, NRP Hoppel, K Hubert, D Kasai, Y Kurylo, MJ Kyrola, E Lambert, JC Levelt, PF McElroy, CT McPeters, RD Munro, R Nakajima, H Parrish, A Raspollini, P Remsberg, EE Rosenlof, KH Rozanov, A Sano, T Sasano, Y Shiotani, M Smit, HGJ Stiller, G Tamminen, J Tarasick, DW Urban, J van der A, RJ Veefkind, JP Vigouroux, C von Clarmann, T von Savigny, C Walker, KA Weber, M Wild, J Zawodny, JM AF Hassler, B. Petropavlovskikh, I. Staehelin, J. August, T. Bhartia, P. K. Clerbaux, C. Degenstein, D. De Maziere, M. Dinelli, B. M. Dudhia, A. Dufour, G. Frith, S. M. Froidevaux, L. Godin-Beekmann, S. Granville, J. Harris, N. R. P. Hoppel, K. Hubert, D. Kasai, Y. Kurylo, M. J. Kyroelae, E. Lambert, J. -C. Levelt, P. F. McElroy, C. T. McPeters, R. D. Munro, R. Nakajima, H. Parrish, A. Raspollini, P. Remsberg, E. E. Rosenlof, K. H. Rozanov, A. Sano, T. Sasano, Y. Shiotani, M. Smit, H. G. J. Stiller, G. Tamminen, J. Tarasick, D. W. Urban, J. van der A, R. J. Veefkind, J. P. Vigouroux, C. von Clarmann, T. von Savigny, C. Walker, K. A. Weber, M. Wild, J. Zawodny, J. M. TI Past changes in the vertical distribution of ozone - Part 1: Measurement techniques, uncertainties and availability SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID EMISSION SOUNDER SMILES; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; LIMB ATMOSPHERIC SPECTROMETER; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDE STATION; INTERNATIONAL-SPACE-STATION; BALLOON SONDE MEASUREMENTS; CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT ACE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; PROFILE RETRIEVALS; POAM-III AB Peak stratospheric chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and other ozone depleting substance (ODS) concentrations were reached in the mid- to late 1990s. Detection and attribution of the expected recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer in an atmosphere with reduced ODSs as well as efforts to understand the evolution of stratospheric ozone in the presence of increasing greenhouse gases are key current research topics. These require a critical examination of the ozone changes with an accurate knowledge of the spatial (geographical and vertical) and temporal ozone response. For such an examination, it is vital that the quality of the measurements used be as high as possible and measurement uncertainties well quantified. In preparation for the 2014 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, the SPARC/IO3C/IGACO-O-3/NDACC ((SIN)-N-2) Initiative was designed to study and document changes in the global ozone profile distribution. This requires assessing long-term ozone profile data sets in regards to measurement stability and uncertainty characteristics. The ultimate goal is to establish suitability for estimating long-term ozone trends to contribute to ozone recovery studies. Some of the data sets have been improved as part of this initiative with updated versions now available. This summary presents an overview of stratospheric ozone profile measurement data sets (ground and satellite based) available for ozone recovery studies. Here we document measurement techniques, spatial and temporal coverage, vertical resolution, native units and measurement uncertainties. In addition, the latest data versions are briefly described (including data version updates as well as detailing multiple retrievals when available for a given satellite instrument). Archive location information for each data set is also given. C1 [Hassler, B.; Petropavlovskikh, I.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hassler, B.; Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] NOAA, ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Staehelin, J.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [August, T.; Munro, R.] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. [Bhartia, P. K.; McPeters, R. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Clerbaux, C.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU,LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Degenstein, D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [De Maziere, M.; Granville, J.; Hubert, D.; Lambert, J. -C.; Vigouroux, C.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron IASB BIRA, Brussels, Belgium. [Dinelli, B. M.] ISAC CNR, Bologna, Italy. [Dudhia, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, AOPP, Oxford, England. [Dufour, G.] Univ Paris Est Creteil, UMR CNRS 7583, LISA, Creteil 27, France. [Dufour, G.] Univ Paris Diderot, Creteil 27, France. [Frith, S. M.] NASA, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Godin-Beekmann, S.] Observ Versailles St Quentin en Yvelin, Guyancourt, France. [Harris, N. R. P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Hoppel, K.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. [Kasai, Y.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Kurylo, M. J.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kyroelae, E.; Tamminen, J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Earth Observat, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Levelt, P. F.; van der A, R. J.; Veefkind, J. P.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [McElroy, C. T.] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Lassonde Sch Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Nakajima, H.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Parrish, A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Raspollini, P.] CNR, Ist Fis Applicata N Carrara IFAC, Florence, Italy. [Remsberg, E. E.; Zawodny, J. M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Rozanov, A.; Weber, M.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys Remote Sensing IUP IFE, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Sano, T.; Shiotani, M.] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto, Japan. [Sasano, Y.] Assoc Int Res Initiat Environm Studies, Tokyo, Japan. [Smit, H. G. J.] Res Ctr Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Troposphere IEK 8, Julich, Germany. [Stiller, G.; von Clarmann, T.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Tarasick, D. W.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Urban, J.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [von Savigny, C.] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Phys, Greifswald, Germany. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Wild, J.] NOAA, Innovim LLC, NWS, NCEPClimate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Hassler, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM birgit.hassler@noaa.gov RI Urban, Jo/F-9172-2010; Tamminen, Johanna/D-7959-2014; Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013; Smit, Herman/J-2397-2012; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Dinelli, Bianca Maria/C-1212-2015; Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Weber, Mark/F-1409-2011; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; von Savigny, Christian/B-3910-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Urban, Jo/0000-0001-7026-793X; Tamminen, Johanna/0000-0003-3095-0069; Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462; Smit, Herman/0000-0002-2268-4189; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; Weber, Mark/0000-0001-8217-5450; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137; Hubert, Daan/0000-0002-4365-865X; Harris, Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006; Dinelli, Bianca Maria/0000-0002-1218-0008 FU Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; DLR [50 EE 0901]; University of Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund; SPARC-Office FX We would like to thank the different agencies that support missions with instruments that measure stratospheric ozone profiles (ESA, NASA, NOAA, JAXA, NICT, CSA, SNSB, CNES, NSO, NIES, MOE, Eumetsat). We also would like to thank the different national and international agencies that fund ground-based measurements and several databases where ground-based measurements are stored and made accessible (NDACC, WOUDC, SHADOZ). The atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE) is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. SCIAMACHY is jointly funded by Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was performed under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The IMK data analysis was co-funded by DLR under contract 50 EE 0901. Publication of this article was funded by the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund and the SPARC-Office. NR 196 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 44 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1395 EP 1427 DI 10.5194/amt-7-1395-2014 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI3DW UT WOS:000336740700016 ER PT J AU Manns, H AF Manns, Howard TI YOUTH RADIO AND COLLOQUIAL INDONESIAN IN URBAN JAVA SO INDONESIA AND THE MALAY WORLD LA English DT Article DE colloquial Indonesian; Jakarta Indonesian; gaul; youth; radio; post-Reform media ID MEDIA; DIGLOSSIA; CULTURE AB Few studies have explored colloquial Indonesian in the media outside of Jakarta. This article examines language policies at two youth radio stations in Malang, East Java, as well as the perceptions of these policies by targeted audiences. Results show that notions of the 'authentic' Indonesian speaker and the 'appropriate' use of Indonesian come to the fore in the design of Indonesian radio language. Radio station staff and audiences agree that it is neither authentic nor appropriate to speak Indonesian with a Javanese accent in radio broadcasts or in the community. Beyond this point, however, the two radio stations differ in what they consider to be authentic or appropriate in Indonesian radio broadcasts. These differences, I argue, hint at tensions between Jakartan and Javanese linguistic practices in the Malang community. However, audience members indicate they strategically manage these tensions through the authentic use of language in the appropriate context. Thus, I argue that rather than representing differing views of the authentic Indonesian speaker, the radio stations' approaches reflect the varied and fluid senses of self in post-Reform Indonesia. C1 [Manns, Howard] Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Manns, Howard] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. RP Manns, H (reprint author), Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. EM Howard.Manns@monash.edu NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1363-9811 EI 1469-8382 J9 INDONES MALAY WORLD JI Indones. Malay World PY 2014 VL 42 IS 122 BP 43 EP 61 DI 10.1080/13639811.2014.876156 PG 19 WC Asian Studies SC Asian Studies GA AI8RZ UT WOS:000337193600003 ER PT S AU Ganguli, G Crabtree, C Velikovich, A Rudakov, L Chappie, S AF Ganguli, G. Crabtree, C. Velikovich, A. Rudakov, L. Chappie, S. BE Das, A Sharma, AS TI Active Removal of Orbital Debris by Induced Hypervelocity Impact of Injected Dust Grains SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPLEX PROCESSES IN PLASMAS AND NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Complex Processes in Plasmas and Nonlinear Dynamical Systems (ICCPPNDS) CY NOV 06-09, 2012 CL Inst Plasma Res, Gandhinagar, INDIA HO Inst Plasma Res DE orbital; debris; dust; hypervelocity; impact ID COLLISION; CRATER AB Collisions of an active satellite with a small (1mm - cm) untrackable orbital debris can be mission ending. It has been recently established that we are at the tipping point for collisional cascade of larger objects to exponential growth of small orbital debris. This will make access to near-Earth space hazardous without first clearing the existing debris from this region. We present a concept for elimination of small debris by deploying micron scale dust to artificially enhance the drag on the debris. The key physics that makes this technique viable is the possibility of large momentum boost realized through hypervelocity dust/debris collision. By deploying high mass density micron scale dust in a narrow altitude band temporarily it is possible to artificially enhance drag on debris spread over a very large volume and force rapid reentry. The injected dust will also reenter the atmosphere leaving no permanent residue in space. C1 [Ganguli, G.; Crabtree, C.; Velikovich, A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rudakov, L.] Icarus Res Lab, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Chappie, S.] Naval Res Lab, Spacecraft Engn Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Crabtree, Christopher/0000-0002-6682-9992 FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Program FX This work was supported by Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. Stimulating discussions with Dr. Andrew Saab is acknowledged. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1214-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1582 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1063/1.4865347 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BA6FL UT WOS:000337127400007 ER PT J AU Nagayama, S Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Nagayama, Shinobu Sasao, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. TI Piecewise Arithmetic Expressions of Numeric Functions and Their Application to Design of Numeric Function Generators SO JOURNAL OF MULTIPLE-VALUED LOGIC AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Piecewise arithmetic expressions; nonzero arithmetic coefficients; numeric function generators (NFGs); programmable architectures ID ELEMENTARY-FUNCTIONS; VERIFICATION; DIAGRAMS AB In this paper, we propose a new representation of numeric functions using a piecewise arithmetic expression. To represent a numeric function compactly, we partition the domain of the function into uniform segments, and transform the sub-function in each segment into an arithmetic spectrum. From this arithmetic spectrum, we derive an arithmetic expression, and obtain a piecewise arithmetic expression for the function. By using the piecewise arithmetic expression, we can increase the number of zero arithmetic coefficients significantly, and represent a numeric function more compactly than using a conventional single arithmetic expression. We also present an application of the piecewise arithmetic expression to design of numeric function generators (NFGs). Since the piecewise arithmetic expression has many zero coefficients and repeated coefficients, by storing only distinct nonzero coefficients in a table, we can significantly reduce the table size needed to store arithmetic coefficients. Experimental results show that the table size can be reduced to only a small percent of the table size needed to store all the arithmetic coefficients. C1 [Nagayama, Shinobu] Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Eng, Hiroshima, Japan. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Meiji Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. [Butler, Jon T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Electr & Comp Eng, Monterey, CA USA. RP Nagayama, S (reprint author), Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Eng, Hiroshima, Japan. EM s_naga@hiroshima-cu.ac.jp; sasao@cs.meiji.ac.jp; jon_butler@mm.com FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) via Knowledge Cluster Project; MEXT [22500050]; Hiroshima City University Grant for Special Academic Research (General Studies) [0206] FX This research is partly supported by the Grant in Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), funds from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) via Knowledge Cluster Project, the MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), (No. 22500050), 2011, and Hiroshima City University Grant for Special Academic Research (General Studies), (No. 0206), 2011. We would like to thank Prof. Radomir Stankovic and Prof. Osnat Keren for discussions that motivated this work. The comments of the reviewers were useful in improving the paper. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 628 NORTH 2ND ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19123 USA SN 1542-3980 EI 1542-3999 J9 J MULT-VALUED LOG S JI J. Mult.-Valued Log. Soft Comput. PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 293 EP 313 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI8ZI UT WOS:000337215100003 ER PT J AU Bauserman, JW Castelly, H Mushrush, GW AF Bauserman, J. W. Castelly, H. Mushrush, G. W. TI Analysis of Nitrogen Abundance in Treated Fuels by GC/MS SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbazoles; fuel instability; indoles; middle distillate fuels; organic nitrogen compounds; pyridines; pyrroles; quinolines; tetrahydroquinolines ID STORAGE STABILITY; COMPOUND DISTRIBUTION; DIESEL FUEL; SEDIMENT FORMATION; PETROLEUM; OIL; SHALE AB Fuels from Japan, Senegal, and Turkey were investigated to determine the organic nitrogen content. The organic nitrogen compounds were isolated by mild acid extraction followed by silica gel adsorption. Three extracts were obtained from each sample: a basic nitrogen extract in methylene chloride (BNC); a non-basic nitrogen extract in methylene chloride (NBNC); and a non-basic nitrogen extract in methanol (NBNC). The constituents of each extract were determined by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Common nitrogen compounds identified were pyridines, tetrahydroquinolines (THQs), quinolines, indoles, pyrroles, and carbazoles. The largest number of compounds identified in all three fuels was the pyrroles, followed by the indoles and pyridines, carbazoles, quinolines, and THQs. C1 [Bauserman, J. W.; Castelly, H.; Mushrush, G. W.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Mushrush, G. W.] Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Bauserman, JW (reprint author), 23 Mesquite Pl, Palmyra, VA 22963 USA. EM jmb1950jwb@aol.com NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-6466 EI 1532-2459 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2014 VL 32 IS 15 BP 1824 EP 1832 DI 10.1080/10916466.2011.635740 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AI9HL UT WOS:000337243600007 ER PT J AU Daniele, MA Radom, K Ligler, FS Adams, AA AF Daniele, Michael A. Radom, Kathryn Ligler, Frances S. Adams, Andre A. TI Microfluidic fabrication of multiaxial microvessels via hydrodynamic shaping SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL-CELLS; HYDROGELS; SCAFFOLDS; DAMAGE AB A microfluidic fiber fabrication device was developed to prepare multiaxial microvessels with defined architecture and material constituency. Hydrodynamic focusing using passive wall structures directed biologically relevant macromer solutions into coaxial flow patterns, which were subsequently solidified via photopolymerization. Solid, coaxial, and triaxial microfibers as well as microtubes were generated from the multiaxial flows composed of both synthetic macromers and biomacromolecules. C1 [Daniele, Michael A.; Adams, Andre A.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Radom, Kathryn] US Naval Res Lab, Naval Res Enterprise Internship Program, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ligler, Frances S.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ligler, Frances S.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Adams, AA (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM andre.adams@nrl.navy.mil FU National Research Council; Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program (NREIP); Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); Office of Naval Research (ONR) 6.1 work unit [MA041-06-41-9899] FX Work performed by Michael A. Daniele was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. Work performed by Kathryn Radom was supported by the Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program (NREIP). This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) 6.1 work unit MA041-06-41-9899. The views expressed within represent those of the authors and do not reflect the opinion or policy of the U. S. Navy or Department of Defense. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2014 VL 4 IS 45 BP 23440 EP 23446 DI 10.1039/c4ra03667k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AI8FT UT WOS:000337145900013 ER PT J AU Feng, CR Fonda, RW Jones, HN AF Feng, C. R. Fonda, R. W. Jones, H. N. TI Shoulder contact and gas shielding in titanium friction stir welds SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE Friction stir welding; Ti 425; Oxidation; Microstructure; Properties AB The effects of inadequate shoulder contact and poor gas shielding were examined in friction stir welds of ATI 425 titanium. Welds with varying oxidation induced surface discolorations due to poor gas shielding and varying amounts of shoulder contact were studied to determine the effects of these parameters on the microstructure, microhardness, and three-point bend test properties of the welds. The effects of these parameters and their effects on the mechanical properties of the resultant weld are discussed. C1 [Feng, C. R.; Fonda, R. W.; Jones, H. N.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fonda@anvil.nrl.navy.mil FU Structural Metallics office of the Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank Keystone Synergistic Enterprises for providing the welds and for helpful discussions. We would also like to acknowledge the Structural Metallics office of the Office of Naval Research for financial support. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 19 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1179/1362171813Y.0000000139 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AI8CW UT WOS:000337134300002 ER PT J AU Norris, JN Sams, R Lundblad, P Frantz, E Harris, E AF Norris, Jacob N. Sams, Richard Lundblad, Peter Frantz, Earl Harris, Erica TI Blast-related mild traumatic brain injury in the acute phase: Acute stress reactions partially mediate the relationship between loss of consciousness and symptoms SO BRAIN INJURY LA English DT Article DE Acute stress; blast-injury; combat; loss of consciousness; mild traumatic brain injury ID SPORT-RELATED CONCUSSION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT METRICS; PERSISTENT POSTCONCUSSIVE SYMPTOMS; HEAD-INJURY; SERVICE MEMBERS; DISORDER; MILITARY; SOLDIERS; IRAQ; VETERANS AB Primary objective: The objective was to compare symptoms in service members diagnosed with a blast-related mTBI (mild traumatic brain injury) with a loss of consciousness (LOC) to those without LOC. Research design: Clinicians saw US military personnel within 72 hours of sustaining a blast-related mTBI and at a follow-up visit 48-72 hours later (n = 210). Methods and procedures: Demographics, post-concussive symptoms, diagnosis of acute stress reaction (ASR) and simple reaction time data from the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metric (ANAM) were collected. Main outcomes and results: ASRs were significantly more likely in patients reporting LOC versus patients reporting no LOC. At the first post-injury visit, LOC was associated with difficulty sleeping, hearing loss, memory problems and reporting more symptoms. A follow-up analysis explored if symptomatic differences were influenced by ASR. Adjusting for ASR, the statistical relationships between LOC and symptoms were weaker (i.e. reduced Odds Ratios). At the follow-up visit, difficulty sleeping was associated with LOC before and after adjusting for ASR. Patients with both ASR and LOC had the slowest simple reaction times. Conclusions: Results suggest ASR may partially mediate symptom presentation and cognitive dysfunction in the acute phase following blast-related mTBI. Future research is warranted. C1 [Norris, Jacob N.] Naval Med Res Ctr, Neurotrauma Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sams, Richard] Branch Hlth Clin Kings Bay, Kings Bay, GA USA. [Lundblad, Peter] Naval Hosp Bremerton, Bremerton, WA USA. [Frantz, Earl] Naval Hosp Camp Lejeune, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. [Harris, Erica] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Norris, JN (reprint author), Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jacob.norris@med.navy.mil FU Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery [N24LB] FX This report was supported by Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, under Work Unit No. N24LB. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the US Government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (USAMRMC IRB Number M-10166 and NMRC.2013.0003). NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0269-9052 EI 1362-301X J9 BRAIN INJURY JI Brain Inj. PY 2014 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1052 EP 1062 DI 10.3109/02699052.2014.891761 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA AI6KP UT WOS:000336983200005 PM 24655334 ER PT J AU Gattass, RR Kung, FH Busse, LE Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS AF Gattass, Rafael R. Kung, Frederic H. Busse, Lynda E. Shaw, L. Brandon Sanghera, Jasbinder S. TI Bend loss in multimode chalcogenide fiber at infrared wavelengths SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE infrared fiber; fiber characterization; bend loss ID OPTICAL-FIBERS; GLASS-FIBERS; DELIVERY; RADIATION; INDEX AB The bending loss is a critical parameter for packaging, representing a limiting parameter in the minimization of fiber-based devices. For applications in the mid-infrared spectral band, chalcogenide glass optical fibers are one of the few alternatives for high-power beam delivery. We present experimental results for the bending loss of a sulfide-based multimode chalcogenide fiber for a broad range of infrared wavelengths as well demonstrating >5.8 W power handling for a 6.25-mm radius bend. (C) The Authors. C1 [Gattass, Rafael R.; Busse, Lynda E.; Shaw, L. Brandon; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kung, Frederic H.] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Gattass, RR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rafael.gattass@nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 53 IS 1 AR 010502 DI 10.1117/1.OE.53.1.010502 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA AI8LW UT WOS:000337168500002 ER PT J AU Eisenberg, I Yochelis, S Ben-Harosh, R David, L Faust, A Even-Dar, N Taha, H Haegel, NM Adir, N Keren, N Paltiel, Y AF Eisenberg, Ido Yochelis, Shira Ben-Harosh, Roy David, Liron Faust, Adam Even-Dar, Naama Taha, Hesham Haegel, Nancy M. Adir, Noam Keren, Nir Paltiel, Yossi TI Room temperature biological quantum random walk in phycocyanin nanowires SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; SYSTEMS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; COHERENCE AB Quantum nano-structures are likely to become primary elements of future devices. However, there are a number of significant scientific challenges to real world applications of quantum devices. These include de-coherence that erodes operation of a quantum device and control issues. In nature, certain processes have been shown to use quantum mechanical processes for overcoming these barriers. One well-known example is the high energy transmission efficiency of photosynthetic light harvesting complexes. Utilizing such systems for fabricating nano-devices provides a new approach to creating self-assembled nano-energy guides. In this study, we use isolated phycocyanin (PC) proteins that can self-assemble into bundles of nanowires. We show two methods for controlling the organization of the bundles. These nanowires exhibit long range quantum energy transfer through hundreds of proteins. Such results provide new efficient building blocks for coupling to nano-devices, and shed light on distribution and the efficiency of energy transfer mechanisms in biological systems and its quantum nature. C1 [Eisenberg, Ido; Yochelis, Shira; Paltiel, Yossi] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Appl Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Eisenberg, Ido; Yochelis, Shira; Paltiel, Yossi] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Ctr Nanosci & Nanotechnol, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Ben-Harosh, Roy; David, Liron; Adir, Noam] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Schulich Fac Chem, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Faust, Adam; Even-Dar, Naama] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Faust, Adam; Even-Dar, Naama] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Ctr Nanosci & Nanotechnol, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Taha, Hesham] Nanon Imaging Ltd, IL-97775 Jerusalem, Israel. [Haegel, Nancy M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Keren, Nir] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Alexander Silberman Inst Life Sci, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Eisenberg, I (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Appl Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM paltiel@mail.huji.ac.il FU US-Israel Bi-National Science Foundation [2009406]; Israel Science Foundation [1576/12]; Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities [1576/12, 806/11]; Water Cluster Scientific FX The confocal microscopy imaging was done at The Confocal Unit in the Institute for Life Sciences, HUJI, by Dr Naomi Melamed-Book. Substrate fabrication and SEM characterization were done at the Centre for Nano-science and Nano-technology, HUJI, with the assistance of the local staff. Two probe NSOM measurements were done at Nanonics Imaging Ltd. thanks to the assistance of Prof. Aaron Lewis. Time resolved measurements were carried out at the lab of Prof. Uri Banin from The Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nano-science and Nano-technology, HUJI. Dr Ellina Kesselman and Dganit Danino are thanked for their assistance in obtaining the negatively stained TEM images. This work was supported by the US-Israel Bi-National Science Foundation (2009406 to N.A.) and the Israel Science Foundation founded by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities (1576/12 to N.A.). Science Foundation founded by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities (1576/12 to N.A. and 806/11 to NK). YP acknowledge the funding and help of Water Cluster Scientific and Matthew Price-Gallagher. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 23 BP 11245 EP 11250 DI 10.1039/c4cp00345d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AI3WU UT WOS:000336796800018 PM 24562323 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Montgomery, MT AF Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. TI On the existence of the logarithmic surface layer in the inner core of hurricanes SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hurricanes; tropical cyclones; typhoons; surface layer; logarithmic layer, spin-up ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; TROPICAL CYCLONES; PART I; WIND STRUCTURE; SIMPLE-MODEL; INTENSITY; PARAMETERIZATIONS; INTENSIFICATION AB We question recent studies invoking the existence of a traditional `logarithmic surface layer', or log layer, in the boundary layer of the rapidly rotating core of a hurricane. One such study argues that boundary-layer parametrization schemes that do not include a log layer are `badly flawed'. Another study assumes the existence of a log layer to infer drag coefficients at hurricane wind speeds. We provide theoretical reasoning supported by observational evidence as to why significant departures from the normally assumed logarithmic layer might be expected, questioning its use in the inference of the drag coefficient at high wind speeds and laying bare suggestions that hurricane models using boundary-layer schemes that do not represent the log layer should not be used. The ramifications of these findings for hurricane modelling are discussed. Finally, we draw attention to a study examining a range of boundary-layer schemes demonstrating that a recently articulated boundary-layer spin-up mechanism transcends the presence of a log layer. C1 [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM rogerksmith@online.de FU US Office of Naval Research [N0001411Wx20095]; NSF [AGS-0733380] FX We would like to express our sincere thanks to Drs Michael Bell and Neil Sanger for providing the eyewall composite data for hurricane Isabel and typhoon Jangmi, respectively. We thank also Dr Chris Davis for insightful comments on a previous version of the paper. The Atlantic eyewall composite data was kindly provided by Dr Jun Zhang at NOAA/AOML's Hurricane Research Division. MTM acknowledges the support of grant no. N0001411Wx20095 from the US Office of Naval Research and NSF AGS-0733380. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 140 IS 678 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.1002/qj.2121 PN A PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI5LM UT WOS:000336908400006 ER PT J AU Kuncir, EJ Olson, CM Bailey, JA AF Kuncir, Eric J. Olson, Chris M. Bailey, Jeffrey A. TI Re: It is time to reassess critical care evacuation Reply SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Letter ID AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION C1 [Kuncir, Eric J.] Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Olson, Chris M.] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Gulfport, MS USA. [Bailey, Jeffrey A.] US Army Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Kuncir, EJ (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 76 IS 1 BP 250 EP 251 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA AH8JN UT WOS:000336384200051 PM 24368393 ER PT S AU Stahlbush, RE Mahadik, NA O'Loughlin, MJ AF Stahlbush, Robert E. Mahadik, Nadeemullah A. O'Loughlin, Michael J. BE Okumura, H Harima, H Kimoto, T Yoshimoto, M Watanabe, H Hatayama, T Matsuura, H Funaki, T Sano, Y TI Basal Plane Dislocations from Inclusions in 4H-SiC Epitaxy SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2013, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM) CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2013 CL Miyazaki, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Res Inst Appl Sci, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Ceram Soc Japan, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Japanese Asso Crystal Growth, Vacuum Soc Japan, MITSUBISHI ELECT CORP, Cree Inc, TOKYO ELECTRON LTD, SICC Sci & Technol Co Ltd, AIXTRON SE, Infineon Technologies, Amer Elements, Lasertec Corp, MIYAZAKI CONVENT & VISITORS BUREAU, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol Int, Exchange Program, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit 70, Murata Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kyoto Inst Technol Int Exchange Promot Fund, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn, Tateisi Sci & Technol Fdn, Panasoic Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Dow Corning Corp, DENSO CORP, Toyota Motor Corp, Honda R&D Co Ltd, Hitachi Chem Co Ltd, SHOWA DENKO K K, Fuji Elect Co Ltd, TOSHIBA CORP, Hitachi Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, SHINDENGEN ELECT MFG CO LTD, SICOXS CORP, Sumitomo Corp, SANKEN ELECT CO LTD DE SiC epitaxy; basal plane dislocation; BPD; half-loop array; inclusions ID STACKING-FAULTS; PIN DIODES; EVOLUTION; GROWTH AB Suppression of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) from the critical epitaxial drift layer has occurred mainly by converting BPDs in the substrate into threading edge dislocations before the BPDs enter the drift layer. As optimized epitaxial growth has produced drift layers free of BPDs originating from the substrate over a large fraction of the wafer, other sources of BPDs have become important. One source of BPDs introduced during epitaxial growth is from inclusions, which mainly consist of misoriented 4H-SiC. Inclusions are surrounded by a local cluster of BPDs and in thick, low-BPD epitaxy the outermost BPDs glide a centimeter or more from the inclusion forming a much larger damaged area. The details of BPD migration from inclusions are discussed. C1 [Stahlbush, Robert E.; Mahadik, Nadeemullah A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [O'Loughlin, Michael J.] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stahlbush@nrl.navy.mil; nadeem.mahadik@nrl.navy.mil; Mike_O'Loughlin@cree.com NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2014 VL 778-780 BP 309 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.778-780.309 PG 2 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA BA5GD UT WOS:000336634100073 ER PT J AU Gan, TJ Diemunsch, P Habib, AS Kovac, A Kranke, P Meyer, TA Watcha, M Chung, F Angus, S Apfel, CC Bergese, SD Candiotti, KA Chan, MTV Davis, PJ Hooper, VD Lagoo-Deenadayalan, S Myles, P Nezat, G Philip, BK Tramer, MR AF Gan, Tong J. Diemunsch, Pierre Habib, Ashraf S. Kovac, Anthony Kranke, Peter Meyer, Tricia A. Watcha, Mehernoor Chung, Frances Angus, Shane Apfel, Christian C. Bergese, Sergio D. Candiotti, Keith A. Chan, Matthew T. V. Davis, Peter J. Hooper, Vallire D. Lagoo-Deenadayalan, Sandhya Myles, Paul Nezat, Greg Philip, Beverly K. Tramer, Martin R. TI Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIALS; PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA; MIDDLE-EAR SURGERY; PEDIATRIC STRABISMUS SURGERY; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; INTRAVENOUS FLUID THERAPY; HIGH-RISK PATIENTS; PROPHYLACTIC ANTIEMETIC EFFICACY; SUBHYPNOTIC PROPOFOL INFUSION; TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY AB The present guidelines are the most recent data on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and an update on the 2 previous sets of guidelines published in 2003 and 2007. These guidelines were compiled by a multidisciplinary international panel of individuals with interest and expertise in PONV under the auspices of the Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia. The panel members critically and systematically evaluated the current medical literature on PONV to provide an evidence-based reference tool for the management of adults and children who are undergoing surgery and are at increased risk for PONV. These guidelines identify patients at risk for PONV in adults and children; recommend approaches for reducing baseline risks for PONV; identify the most effective antiemetic single therapy and combination therapy regimens for PONV prophylaxis, including nonpharmacologic approaches; recommend strategies for treatment of PONV when it occurs; provide an algorithm for the management of individuals at increased risk for PONV as well as steps to ensure PONV prevention and treatment are implemented in the clinical setting. C1 [Gan, Tong J.; Habib, Ashraf S.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Diemunsch, Pierre] CHU Hautepierre, Serv Anesthesiol Reanimat Chirurg, F-67098 Strasbourg, France. [Diemunsch, Pierre] Fac Med, EA 3072, Strasbourg, France. [Kovac, Anthony] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. [Kranke, Peter] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Anesthesiol, Wurzburg, Germany. [Meyer, Tricia A.] BaylorScott & White Hlth, Dept Pharm Anesthesiol, Temple, TX USA. [Watcha, Mehernoor] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Chung, Frances] Univ Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Dept Anesthesia, Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. [Angus, Shane] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Perioperat Med, Sch Med, Washington, DC USA. [Apfel, Christian C.] UCSF Med Ctr Mt Zion, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, San Francisco, CA USA. [Bergese, Sergio D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anesthesiol, Wexner Med Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Candiotti, Keith A.] Univ Miami, Dept Anesthesiol Perioperat Med & Pain Management, Miami, FL USA. [Chan, Matthew T. V.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Anaesthesia & Intens Care, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Davis, Peter J.] Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh UPMC, Dept Anesthesia, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Hooper, Vallire D.] Mission Hlth Syst, Syst Nursing Educ & Res, Asheville, NC USA. [Lagoo-Deenadayalan, Sandhya] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Myles, Paul] Alfred Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia & Perioperat Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Myles, Paul] Monash Univ, Acad Board Anaesthesia & Perioperat Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Nezat, Greg] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Porstmouth, VA USA. [Philip, Beverly K.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol Perioperat & Pain Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Tramer, Martin R.] Univ Hosp Geneva, Div Anaesthesiol, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Gan, TJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, POB 3094, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM tjgan@duke.edu RI Chung, Frances/F-5618-2015; Chan, Matthew /J-2884-2013; OI Chung, Frances/0000-0001-9576-3606; Myles, Paul/0000-0002-3324-5456 NR 331 TC 170 Z9 186 U1 8 U2 43 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 118 IS 1 BP 85 EP 113 DI 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000002 PG 29 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA AG4NC UT WOS:000335395700013 PM 24356162 ER PT J AU Baggenstoss, PM AF Baggenstoss, Paul M. TI Recursive Decimation/Interpolation for ML Chirp Parameter Estimation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY RATE ESTIMATION; POLYNOMIAL-PHASE; JOINT ESTIMATION; SIGNALS; TRANSFORM; ORDER; ALGORITHMS AB We present a fast implementation of the optimal linear processor for "chirp" signals with O(N-2) computational load for data length N. The method is technically an approximation since it has an interpolation step but we show that the errors are negligible. In simulations it performs up to 20 times faster than the existing method using radix-2 fast Fourier transform (FFT) and has significantly lower threshold signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) against noise and interference compared with a leading fast method. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baggenstoss, PM (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM p.m.baggenstoss@ieee.org NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 445 EP 455 DI 10.1109/TAES.2013.120677 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AH3VA UT WOS:000336052700032 ER PT J AU Srinivas, U Monga, V Raj, RG AF Srinivas, Umamahesh Monga, Vishal Raj, Raghu G. TI SAR Automatic Target Recognition Using Discriminative Graphical Models SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; ATR; PERFORMANCE; CLASSIFICATION; NETWORKS; CLASSIFIERS; COMPLEXITY; TRANSFORM; ALGORITHM; IMAGES AB The problem of automatically classifying sensed imagery such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) into a canonical set of target classes is widely known as automatic target recognition (ATR). A typical ATR algorithm comprises the extraction of a meaningful set of features from target imagery followed by a decision engine that performs class assignment. While ATR algorithms have significantly increased in sophistication over the past two decades, two outstanding challenges have been identified in the rich body of ATR literature: 1) the desire to mine complementary merits of distinct feature sets (also known as feature fusion), and 2) the ability of the classifier to excel even as training SAR images are limited. We propose to apply recent advances in probabilistic graphical models to address these challenges. In particular we develop a two-stage target recognition framework that combines the merits of distinct SAR image feature representations with discriminatively learned graphical models. The first stage projects the SAR image chip to informative feature spaces that yield multiple complementary SAR image representations. The second stage models each individual representation using graphs and combines these initially disjoint and simple graphs into a thicker probabilistic graphical model by leveraging a recent advance in discriminative graph learning. Experimental results on the benchmark moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition (MSTAR) data set confirm the benefits of our framework over existing ATR algorithms in terms of improvement in recognition rates. The proposed graphical classifiers are particularly robust when feature dimensionality is high and number of training images is small, a commonly observed constraint in SAR imagery-based target recognition. C1 [Srinivas, Umamahesh; Monga, Vishal] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Raj, Raghu G.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Srinivas, U (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 104 EE East, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM usrinivas@ieee.org FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program FX R. G. Raj is supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 11 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 591 EP 606 DI 10.1109/TAES.2013.120340 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AH3VA UT WOS:000336052700042 ER PT J AU Choi, S Crouse, DF Willett, P Zhou, SL AF Choi, Sora Crouse, David F. Willett, Peter Zhou, Shengli TI Approaches to Cartesian Data Association Passive Radar Tracking in a DAB/DVB Network SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID BISTATIC RADAR; MULTITARGET TRACKING; PROCESSING SCHEME; RANGE; PERFORMANCE; ALGORITHM; TARGETS AB We present a target tracking system for passive radar suitable for a digital audio/video broadcast (DAB/DVB) network with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) illuminators of opportunity. In this system bistatic range and range-rate are available as a measurement while angular information is assumed unavailable or of very poor quality. There is also a novel association ambiguity between the signals and illuminators, this in addition to the usual one between the signals and targets, and hence an interesting data association problem. Our intention is to provide tracks directly in the geographic space (3-D Cartesian domain). Here, four filters are suggested. The first two are the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) based on a joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) modified to incorporate the additional assignment complexity. The other two filters are a bootstrap particle filter (BPF) and an auxiliary particle filter (APF) based on the data association under the probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracker (PMHT) measurement model, which means that each measurement's assignment is independent of all others. Simulation results show that these four filters can work properly, albeit naturally with different performance characteristics and complexity. C1 [Choi, Sora; Willett, Peter] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Crouse, David F.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Choi, Sora; Zhou, Shengli] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Choi, S (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 371 Fairfield Rd,Unit 4157, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM p.willett@ieee.org RI Furumoto, Jun-ichi/E-8676-2013 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-10613] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-09-10613. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 649 EP 663 DI 10.1109/TAES.2013.120431 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AH3VA UT WOS:000336052700046 ER PT S AU Kirleis, MA Simonson, D Charipar, NA Kim, H Charipar, KM Auyeung, RCY Mathews, SA Pique, A AF Kirleis, Matthew A. Simonson, Duane Charipar, Nicholas A. Kim, Heungsoo Charipar, Kristen M. Auyeung, Ray C. Y. Mathews, Scott A. Pique, Alberto BE Helvajian, H Pique, A Wegener, M Gu, B TI Laser Embedding Electronics on 3D Printed Objects SO LASER 3D MANUFACTURING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser 3D Manufacturing CY FEB 05-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Additive Manufacturing; Laser Direct-Write; Laser patterning; Laser Direct Structuring; 3D printing; Fused Deposition Modeling ID DIRECT-WRITE AB Additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing are able to generate reproductions of a part in free space without the use of molds; however, the objects produced lack electrical functionality from an applications perspective. At the same time, techniques such as inkjet and laser direct-write (LDW) can be used to print electronic components and connections onto already existing objects, but are not capable of generating a full object on their own. The approach missing to date is the combination of 3D printing processes with direct-write of electronic circuits. Among the numerous direct write techniques available, LDW offers unique advantages and capabilities given its compatibility with a wide range of materials, surface chemistries and surface morphologies. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed various LDW processes ranging from the non-phase transformative direct printing of complex suspensions or inks to lase-and-place for embedding entire semiconductor devices. These processes have been demonstrated in digital manufacturing of a wide variety of microelectronic elements ranging from circuit components such as electrical interconnects and passives to antennas, sensors, actuators and power sources. At NRL we are investigating the combination of LDW with 3D printing to demonstrate the digital fabrication of functional parts, such as 3D circuits. Merging these techniques will make possible the development of a new generation of structures capable of detecting, processing, communicating and interacting with their surroundings in ways never imagined before. This paper shows the latest results achieved at NRL in this area, describing the various approaches developed for generating 3D printed electronics with LDW. C1 [Kirleis, Matthew A.; Simonson, Duane; Charipar, Nicholas A.; Kim, Heungsoo; Charipar, Kristen M.; Auyeung, Ray C. Y.; Mathews, Scott A.; Pique, Alberto] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kirleis, MA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.kirleis@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9883-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8970 AR 897004 DI 10.1117/12.2044222 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BA4QC UT WOS:000336123400004 ER PT S AU Kim, H Sutto, TE Proell, J Kohler, R Pfleging, W Pique, A AF Kim, Heungsoo Sutto, Thomas E. Proell, Johannes Kohler, Robert Pfleging, Wilhelm Pique, Alberto BE Klotzbach, U Washio, K Arnold, CB TI Laser-printed/structured thick-film electrodes for Li-ion microbatteries SO LASER-BASED MICRO- AND NANOPROCESSING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Based Micro- and Nanoprocessing VIII CY FEB 04-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Laser induced forward transfer; laser structuring; thick film electrodes; Li-ion microbatteries ID LITHIUM; BATTERIES; LICOO2; DEPOSITION; ARCHITECTURES; FABRICATION; CATHODES AB Laser induced forward transfer (LIFT) process was used to print thick-film electrodes (LiCoO2 cathode and carbon anode) and solid-state polymer membranes for Li-ion microbatteries. Their electrochemical behaviors were characterized by cyclic voltammograms, capacity measurement and cycling performance. Microbatteries based on these laser-printed thick-film electrodes showed significantly higher discharge capacities than those made by sputter-deposited thin film techniques. This enhanced performance is attributed to the high surface area porous structure of the laser-printed electrodes that allows improved diffusion of the Li-ions across the 100 mu m-thick electrodes without a significant internal resistance. In addition, a laser structuring process was used to prepare three-dimensional microstructures on the laser-printed thick-film electrodes to further improve battery performance by increasing the active surface area. These results indicate that the laser processing techniques are a viable approach for developing Li-ion microbatteries in microelectronic devices. This paper will show examples of Li-ion microbatteries fabricated with various polymer separators and structured electrodes using a combination of LIFT and excimer laser structuring processes. C1 [Kim, Heungsoo; Sutto, Thomas E.; Pique, Alberto] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Proell, Johannes; Kohler, Robert; Pfleging, Wilhelm] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IAM AWP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Pfleging, Wilhelm] Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facil, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Heungsoo.kim@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program; Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF) FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program. Finally, the support by the Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF, www. kit.edu/knmf) for laser processing is gratefully acknowledged. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9881-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8968 AR UNSP 89680L DI 10.1117/12.2037287 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BA4PF UT WOS:000336082700014 ER PT S AU Major, KJ Florea, CM Poutous, MK Busse, LE Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Major, Kevin J. Florea, Catalin M. Poutous, Menelaos K. Busse, Lynda E. Sanghera, Jasbinder S. Aggarwal, Ishwar D. BE Klotzbach, U Washio, K Arnold, CB TI Surface transmission enhancement of ZnS via continuous-wave laser microstructuring SO LASER-BASED MICRO- AND NANOPROCESSING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Based Micro- and Nanoprocessing VIII CY FEB 04-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE ZnS; laser microstructuring; anti-reflective surfaces ID TRANSPARENT MATERIALS; SILICON; PULSES AB Fresnel reflectivity at dielectric boundaries between optical components, lenses, and windows is a major issue for the optics community. The most common method to reduce the index mismatch and subsequent surface reflection is to apply a thin film or films of intermediate indices to the optical materials. More recently, surface texturing or roughening has been shown to approximate a stepwise refractive index thin-film structure, with a gradient index of refraction transition from the bulk material to the surrounding medium. Short-pulse laser ablation is a recently-utilized method to produce such random anti-reflective structured surfaces (rARSS). Typically, high-energy femtosecond pulsed lasers are focused on the surface of the desired optical material to produce periodic or quasi-periodic assemblies of nanostructures which provide reduced surface reflection. This technique is being explored to generate a variety of structures across multiple optical materials. However, femtosecond laser systems are relatively expensive and more difficult to maintain. We present here a low power and low-cost alternative to femtosecond laser ablation, demonstrating random antireflective structures on the surface of Cleartran ZnS windows produced with a continuous-wave laser. In particular, we find that irradiation with a low-powered (< 10 mW), defocused, CW 325nm-wavelength laser produces a random surface with significant roughness on ZnS substrates. The transmission through the structured ZnS windows is shown to increase by up to 9% across a broad wavelength range from the visible to the near-infrared. C1 [Major, Kevin J.; Poutous, Menelaos K.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Florea, Catalin M.] Sotera Def Solut, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Busse, Lynda E.; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Major, KJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9881-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8968 AR UNSP 896810 DI 10.1117/12.2036790 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BA4PF UT WOS:000336082700023 ER PT S AU Proll, J Kim, H Mangang, M Seifert, HJ Pique, A Pfleging, W AF Proell, J. Kim, H. Mangang, M. Seifert, H. J. Pique, A. Pfleging, W. BE Klotzbach, U Washio, K Arnold, CB TI Fs-laser microstructuring of laser-printed LiMn2O4 electrodes for manufacturing of 3D microbatteries SO LASER-BASED MICRO- AND NANOPROCESSING VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Based Micro- and Nanoprocessing VIII CY FEB 04-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Laser direct-write; Laser-printing; Femtosecond-laser structuring; Lithium-ion battery; Lithium manganese oxide; 3D microbattery ID LI-ION MICROBATTERIES; DIRECT-WRITE; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; BATTERY; ARCHITECTURES; CATHODES AB Lithium manganese oxide composite cathodes are realized by laser-printing. The printed cathode is a composite and consists of active powder, binder and conductive agents. Laser-printed cathodes are first calendered and then laser structured using femtosecond-laser radiation in order to form three-dimensional (3D) micro-grids in the cathode material. Three-dimensional micro-grids in calendered/laser structured cathodes exhibit improved discharge capacity retention at a 1 C discharging rate. Calendered but unstructured cathodes indicate the poorest cycling behavior at 1 C discharge. The improved capacity retention and the reduced degradation of calendered/structured cathodes can be attributed to both the increased electrical contact through calendering as well as shortened Li-ion pathways due to laser-induced 3D microgrids. C1 [Proell, J.; Mangang, M.; Seifert, H. J.; Pfleging, W.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IAM AWP, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Kim, H.; Pique, A.] Div Mat Sci & Technol, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pfleging, W.] Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facil, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. RP Proll, J (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IAM AWP, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM johannes.proell@kit.edu FU Helmholtz Association in frame of the programme; Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program FX We are grateful to our colleague H. Besser for his technical assistance during laser material processing. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the Helmholtz Association in frame of the programme "Science and Technology of Nanosystems" and "Helmholtz-Portfolio" about reliability and integration of battery systems. Finally, the support for laser processing by the Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF, http://www.knmf. kit.edu/) a Helmholtz research infrastructure at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) is gratefully acknowledged. H. Kim and A. Pique were supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9881-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8968 AR UNSP 896805 DI 10.1117/12.2039902 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BA4PF UT WOS:000336082700003 ER PT S AU Wilcox, CC Santiago, F Jungwirth, ME Martinez, T Restaino, SR Bagwell, B Romeo, R AF Wilcox, Christopher C. Santiago, Freddie Jungwirth, Matthew E. Martinez, Ty Restaino, Sergio R. Bagwell, Brett Romeo, Robert BE Bifano, TG Kubby, J Gigan, S TI First light with a carbon fiber reinforced polymer 0.4 meter telescope SO MEMS ADAPTIVE OPTICS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Adaptive Optics VIII CY FEB 02, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Samsung Adv Inst Technol AB For the passed several years, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been investigating the use of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) material in the construction of a telescope assembly including the optical components. The NRL, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), and Composite Mirror Applications, Inc. (CMA) have jointly assembled a prototype telescope and achieved "first light" images with a CFRP 0.4 m aperture telescope. CFRP offers several advantages over traditional materials such as creating structures that are lightweight and low coefficient of thermal expansion and conductivity. The telescope's primary and secondary mirrors are not made from glass, but CFRP, as well. The entire telescope weighs approximately 10 kg while a typical telescope of this size would weigh quite a bit more. We present the achievement of "first light" with this telescope demonstrating the imaging capabilities of this prototype and the optical surface quality of the mirrors with images taken during a day's quiescent periods. C1 [Wilcox, Christopher C.; Martinez, Ty; Restaino, Sergio R.] US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Santiago, Freddie; Jungwirth, Matthew E.; Bagwell, Brett] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Romeo, Robert] Composite Mirror Applicat Inc, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA. RP Wilcox, CC (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.wilcox@nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9891-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8978 AR UNSP 897805 DI 10.1117/12.2042105 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BA4PD UT WOS:000336081700004 ER PT S AU Pique, A Kim, H Charipar, NA Osofsky, M AF Pique, Alberto Kim, Heungsoo Charipar, Nicholas A. Osofsky, Michael BE Witzigmann, B Osinski, M Henneberger, F Arakawa, Y TI Laser Processing of Conductive Oxides for Near-IR Plasmonics SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XXII CY FEB 03-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Pulsed laser deposition; PLD; NIR plasmonics; Al-doped ZnO; semiconductor-to-metal transitions; VO2 films ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; THIN-FILMS; INSULATOR-TRANSITION; NEGATIVE REFRACTION; DEPOSITION; ZNO; VO2; METAMATERIALS AB Conventional metals with high carrier concentrations have served to date as the materials of choice for plasmonic and metamaterial devices. However, typical metals are not well suited for near IR (NIR) plasmonic applications because their associated plasma frequencies correspond to the visible and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. On the other hand, materials with lower plasma frequencies such as conducting oxides like ZnO and VO2 are capable of more efficiently coupling the electromagnetic radiation for optical metamaterial and plasmonic applications in the NIR. Furthermore, unlike metals, the electrical transport properties of conductive oxides can be modulated intrinsically by doping or extrinsically by applying heat, light or an electrical bias, thus allowing tuning of their electro-optical behavior. At the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), we have investigated the use of laser processing techniques for the deposition and processing of various types of conducting oxides, such as Al-doped ZnO and W-doped VO2, which can be optimized over a wide range of optical/electrical properties. This paper will describe the laser deposition of these oxide films and their electrical and optical characterization in the NIR. C1 [Pique, Alberto; Kim, Heungsoo; Charipar, Nicholas A.; Osofsky, Michael] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pique@nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9893-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8980 AR 89800Q DI 10.1117/12.2040735 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA4NS UT WOS:000336039900015 ER PT S AU Bailey, CG Lumb, MP Hoheisel, R Gonzalez, M Forbes, DV Yakes, MK Hubbard, SM Hirst, LC Lorentzen, J Tischler, JG Schmieder, K Cress, CD Jenkins, PP Walters, RJ AF Bailey, Christopher G. Lumb, Matthew P. Hoheisel, Raymond Gonzalez, Maria Forbes, David V. Yakes, Michael K. Hubbard, Seth M. Hirst, Louise C. Lorentzen, Justin Tischler, Joseph G. Schmieder, Ken Cress, Cory D. Jenkins, Phillip P. Walters, Robert J. BE Freundlich, A Guillemoles, JF TI The effects of electric field on InGaAs quantum well i-region placement in InAlGaAs solar cells SO PHYSICS, SIMULATION, AND PHOTONIC ENGINEERING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics, Simulation, and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices III CY 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE AB InGaAs quantum well / InAlGaAs barrier solar cells were grown and tested in order to evaluate their solar cell performance. These samples were grown with five layers of QWs at varying depths in the intrinsic region of the n-i-p devices. An external quantum efficiency measurement was used to determine the sub-bandgap spectral responsivity, and showed efficient absorption and collection beyond the bulk material bandedge, from 1280 to 1580 nm. Simulations were performed to evaluate electric field strength as a function of depth and a resonant excitation short-circuit current density measurement was then used to characterize the samples with varied quantum well depths. The electric field acting on carriers, photo-excited into the quantum wells, impacts on the probability of those carriers contributing to the measured short-circuit current. We observe the simulated dependence of carrier collection on electric field in these devices, with a 29% increase in relative carrier collection efficiency between the sample experiencing the highest versus the lowest electric field. C1 [Bailey, Christopher G.; Lumb, Matthew P.; Hoheisel, Raymond; Gonzalez, Maria; Yakes, Michael K.; Hirst, Louise C.; Lorentzen, Justin; Tischler, Joseph G.; Schmieder, Ken; Cress, Cory D.; Jenkins, Phillip P.; Walters, Robert J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lumb, Matthew P.; Hoheisel, Raymond] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Gonzalez, Maria] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis, MD 20701 USA. [Forbes, David V.; Hubbard, Seth M.] Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY USA. RP Bailey, CG (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9894-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8981 AR UNSP 898104 DI 10.1117/12.2041348 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BA4NT UT WOS:000336040600002 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, M Lumb, MP Yakes, MK Abell, J Tischler, JG Bailey, CG Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Hirst, LC Schmieder, KJ Molina, SI Delgado, FP Adams, JGJ Hillier, G Ekins-Daukes, NJ Walters, RJ AF Gonzalez, Maria Lumb, Matthew P. Yakes, Michael K. Abell, Joshua Tischler, Joseph G. Bailey, Christopher G. Vurgaftman, Igor Meyer, Jerry R. Hirst, Louise C. Schmieder, Kenneth J. Molina, Sergio I. Delgado, Franscisco P. Adams, Jessica G. J. Hillier, Glen Ekins-Daukes, Nicholas J. Walters, Robert J. BE Freundlich, A Guillemoles, JF TI Modeling, design and experimental results for high efficiency multi-junction solar cells lattice matched to InP SO PHYSICS, SIMULATION, AND PHOTONIC ENGINEERING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics, Simulation, and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices III CY 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Multijunction; InP; modeling; InAlAsSb; high efficiency AB The high conversion efficiencies demonstrated by multi-junction solar cells over the past three decades have made them indispensable for use in space and are very attractive for terrestrial concentrator applications. The multi-junction technology consistently displays efficiency values in excess of 30%, with record highs of 37.8% under 1 sun conditions and over 44% under concentration. However, as material quality in current III-V multi-junction technology reaches practical limits, more sophisticated structures will be required to further improve on these efficiency values. In a collaborative effort amongst several institutions we have developed a novel multi-junction solar cell design that has the potential to reach the 50% conversion efficiency value. Our design consists of a three junction cell grown on InP substrates which achieves the optimal bandgaps for solar energy conversion using lattice matched materials. In this work, we present the progress in the different subcells comprising this multi-junction structure. For the top cell, InAlAsSb quaternary material is studied. For the middle, InGaAlAs and InGaAsP materials and devices are considered and for the bottom, a multi-quantum well structure lattice matched to InP for fine bandgap tunability for placement in an InGaAs cell is demonstrated. C1 [Gonzalez, Maria] Sotera Def Solut, 430 Business Pkwy,Suite 100, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Lumb, Matthew P.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Yakes, Michael K.; Abell, Joshua; Tischler, Joseph G.; Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry R.] US Naval Acad, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bailey, Christopher G.; Hirst, Louise C.; Schmieder, Kenneth J.] US Naval Acad, NRC Post Doc, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Molina, Sergio I.; Delgado, Franscisco P.] Univ Cadiz, Dpto Ciencia Mat, Puerto Real 11510, Spain. [Adams, Jessica G. J.; Hillier, Glen] MicroLink Devices Inc, Niles, IL 60714 USA. [Ekins-Daukes, Nicholas J.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. RP Gonzalez, M (reprint author), Sotera Def Solut, 430 Business Pkwy,Suite 100, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. OI Molina, Sergio I./0000-0002-5221-2852 FU US Office of Naval Research ( ONR) FX This work is supported by the US Office of Naval Research ( ONR) NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9894-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8981 AR UNSP 898117 DI 10.1117/12.2041289 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BA4NT UT WOS:000336040600024 ER PT S AU Hirst, LC Lumb, MP Hoheisel, R Philipps, SP Bett, AW Walters, RJ AF Hirst, Louise C. Lumb, Matthew P. Hoheisel, Raymond Philipps, Simon P. Bett, Andreas W. Walters, Robert J. BE Freundlich, A Guillemoles, JF TI Hot-carrier solar cell spectral insensitivity: Why develop the hot-carrier solar cell when we have multi-junction devices? SO PHYSICS, SIMULATION, AND PHOTONIC ENGINEERING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics, Simulation, and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices III CY 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Hot-carrier solar cell; spectral sensitivity ID EFFICIENCY AB The hot carrier solar cell (HCSC) offers one route to high efficiency solar energy conversion and has similar fundamental limiting efficiency to multi-junction (MJ) solar cells however, the HCSC is at a much earlier stage of development. We discuss the unique features of the HCSC which distinguish it from other PV technologies, providing motivation for development. We consider the potential for a low concentration hot-carrier enhanced single-junction solar cell, enabled by field enhancing cell architectures. To support this we experimentally show that changing sample geometry to increase carrier density, while keeping phononic and electronic properties constant, substantially reduces hot-carrier themalization coefficient. Such a scheme might have similar applications to todays high efficiency single-junction devices while allowing from some intrinsic efficiency enhancement. We also use spectral data simulated using SMARTS to identify HCSC spectral insensitivity relative to MJ devices. Spectral insensitivity increases annual energy yield relative to laboratory test efficiency, reducing the cost of PV power generation. There are also several practical advantages: a single device design will operate optimally in a variety of locations and solar power stations are less reliant of accurate, long-range atmospheric simulation to achieve energy yield targets. C1 [Hirst, Louise C.; Walters, Robert J.] US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lumb, Matthew P.; Hoheisel, Raymond] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Philipps, Simon P.; Bett, Andreas W.] Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst ISE, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. RP Hirst, LC (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM louise.hirst.ctr@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9894-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8981 AR UNSP 89810I DI 10.1117/12.2040698 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BA4NT UT WOS:000336040600011 ER PT S AU Lumb, MP Steiner, MA Geisz, JF Walters, RJ AF Lumb, Matthew P. Steiner, Myles A. Geisz, John F. Walters, Robert J. BE Freundlich, A Guillemoles, JF TI Analytical modeling of III-V solar cells close to the fundamental limit SO PHYSICS, SIMULATION, AND PHOTONIC ENGINEERING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics, Simulation, and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices III CY 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Photovoltaics; Modeling; Reflector; High efficiency; GaAs; InP; Solar Cell ID LUMINESCENCE AB A highly effective strategy of photon management is to use a back surface reflector. In this work, we present a full analytical model incorporating effects from both the modified generation function and photon recycling in GaAs solar cells with a BSR. We discuss the impact of doping concentration, non-radiative recombination, solar cell dimensions and BSR reflectivity on the efficiency, and compare the prediction of the device models to experimental data measured on GaAs devices. We use the model to predict the performance of alternative III-V materials, such as InP, comparing the predicted performance to state-of-the-art GaAs solar cells. C1 [Lumb, Matthew P.] George Washington Univ, 2121 I St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Walters, Robert J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Steiner, Myles A.; Geisz, John F.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lumb, MP (reprint author), George Washington Univ, 2121 I St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9894-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8981 AR UNSP 898114 DI 10.1117/12.2041359 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BA4NT UT WOS:000336040600022 ER PT S AU Maximenko, SI Lumb, MP Messenger, SR Hoheisel, R Affouda, C Scheiman, D Gonzalez, M Lorentzen, J Jenkins, PP Walters, RJ AF Maximenko, S. I. Lumb, M. P. Messenger, S. R. Hoheisel, R. Affouda, C. Scheiman, D. Gonzalez, M. Lorentzen, J. Jenkins, P. P. Walters, R. J. BE Freundlich, A Guillemoles, JF TI Degradation Modeling of InGaP/GaAs/Ge Triple-Junction Solar Cells Irradiated by Protons SO PHYSICS, SIMULATION, AND PHOTONIC ENGINEERING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics, Simulation, and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices III CY 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE point defects; compensation centers; III-V-based solar cells; SEM ID DIFFUSION LENGTH AB Experimental results on triple-junction solar cells irradiated by 3 MeV proton irradiation to very high damage levels are presented. The minority carrier transport properties were obtained through quantum efficiency and EBIC measurements and an analytical drift-diffusion solver was used in understanding the results for different degradation levels where multiple damage mechanisms are evident. C1 [Maximenko, S. I.; Affouda, C.; Scheiman, D.; Lorentzen, J.; Jenkins, P. P.; Walters, R. J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lumb, M. P.; Hoheisel, R.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Messenger, S. R.] Former US Naval Res Lab employee, Washington, DC USA. [Gonzalez, M.] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis, MD 20701 USA. RP Maximenko, SI (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9894-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8981 AR UNSP 89810U DI 10.1117/12.2040938 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BA4NT UT WOS:000336040600014 ER PT J AU Thomsen, GL Montgomery, MT Smith, RK AF Thomsen, Gerald L. Montgomery, Michael T. Smith, Roger K. TI Sensitivity of tropical-cyclone intensification to perturbations in the surface drag coefficient SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hurricanes; typhoons; wind-wave coupling ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; HIGH WIND SPEEDS; PART II; MOMENTUM FLUX; TURBULENT FLUXES; CORE; PARAMETERIZATIONS; EXCHANGE AB The recent studies of the sensitivity of tropical-cyclone intensification to the surface drag coefficient in a three-dimensional model by Montgomery et al., and Smith et al., are extended to include perturbations of the surface drag coefficient in one of four boundary-layer parametrization schemes: the bulk scheme, the Blackadar scheme, the MRF scheme, and the Gayno-Seaman scheme. The schemes are slightly modified to have the same drag coefficient formulation and the same constant exchange coefficients for sensible heat and moisture. We find that the intensification rate and mature intensity are essentially unaltered when the drag coefficient is perturbed randomly by variations of up to 60%. The results, in conjunction with an analysis of coherent drag coefficient variations for a moving vortex, question the notion that coupled wind-wave mod els are necessary to accurately forecast tropical-cyclone intensification and mature intensity. C1 [Thomsen, Gerald L.; Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Thomsen, GL (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM g.thomsen@physik.uni-muenchen.de FU US Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0185]; US National Science Foundation [ATM-0715426] FX MTM acknowledges the support of grant no. N00014-03-1-0185 from the US Office of Naval Research, and the US National Science Foundation grant ATM-0715426. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 140 IS 679 BP 407 EP 415 DI 10.1002/qj.2048 PN B PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC8DO UT WOS:000332763400006 ER PT J AU Dankowicz, H Kwon, Y AF Dankowicz, Harry Kwon, Young TI Untitled SO APPLIED MECHANICS REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dankowicz, Harry] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kwon, Young] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Dankowicz, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0003-6900 J9 APPL MECH REV JI Appl. Mech. Rev. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 66 IS 1 AR 010201 DI 10.1115/1.4026050 PG 1 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA AE3SK UT WOS:000333897100001 ER PT J AU Motl, NE Smith, AF DeSantis, CJ Skrabalak, SE AF Motl, N. E. Smith, A. F. DeSantis, C. J. Skrabalak, S. E. TI Engineering plasmonic metal colloids through composition and structural design SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SILVER NANOSTRUCTURES; RESONANCE; NANOCRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY; NANORODS; GROWTH; SIZE AB The optical properties of metal nanomaterials are determined by a set of parameters that include composition, particle size and shape, overall architecture, and local environment. This Tutorial Review examines the influence of each of these factors on the localized surface plasmon resonance of colloidal metal nanoparticles. This examination is paralleled with a discussion of the advances which have enabled the synthesis of structurally defined metal nanomaterials, as these samples serve as the best platforms for elucidating the fundamental properties of plasmonic colloids. Based on the analysis of such samples, five guidelines are presented to aid the rational design and synthesis of new metal nanostructures for advanced applications in nanomedicine, energy, chemical sensing, and colloidal plasmonics in general. C1 [Motl, N. E.; Smith, A. F.; DeSantis, C. J.; Skrabalak, S. E.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Smith, A. F.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Skrabalak, SE (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM sskrabal@indiana.edu FU Indiana University (IU)-Bloomington start-up funds, IU's Office of the Vice President for Research; Office of the Vice Provost for Research through the Faculty Research Support Program; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Cottrell Scholar Program (Research Corporation); NSF [CHE-1306853] FX Support comes from Indiana University (IU)-Bloomington start-up funds, IU's Office of the Vice President for Research and the Office of the Vice Provost for Research through the Faculty Research Support Program, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Cottrell Scholar Program (Research Corporation), and NSF Award CHE-1306853. NR 53 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 120 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 EI 1460-4744 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2014 VL 43 IS 11 BP 3823 EP 3834 DI 10.1039/c3cs60347d PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AH4FJ UT WOS:000336082400002 PM 24352187 ER PT S AU Busse, LE Florea, CM Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID Sanghera, JS AF Busse, Lynda E. Florea, Catalin M. Shaw, L. Brandon Aggarwal, Ishwar D. Sanghera, Jas S. BE Ramachandran, S TI Single mode fibers with antireflective surface structures for high power laser applications SO FIBER LASERS XI: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XI - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 03-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx, Inc DE anti-reflection; nano-structuring; silica; fiber lasers; laser damage threshold AB We present results for increased transmission of similar to 99.5% in the near-IR through the end faces of silica single mode fibers by creating a random antireflective microstructure etched into the end face of the fiber. We demonstrate high laser damage thresholds for these fibers with AR structured surfaces. C1 [Busse, Lynda E.; Shaw, L. Brandon; Sanghera, Jas S.] US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Florea, Catalin M.; Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis, MD 20701 USA. RP Busse, LE (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers ( JTO-HEL) FX This work was supported by the Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers ( JTO-HEL). We acknowledge Telaztec, Inc. for some of the ARSS processing, and Spica Technologies for the laser damage testing. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9874-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8961 AR UNSP 89611M DI 10.1117/12.2041796 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA4KL UT WOS:000335903300040 ER PT S AU Friebele, EJ Askins, CG Peele, JR Wright, BM Condon, NJ O'Connor, S Brown, CG Bowman, SR AF Friebele, E. Joseph Askins, Charles G. Peele, John R. Wright, Barbara Marcheschi Condon, Nicholas J. O'Connor, Shawn Brown, Christopher G. Bowman, Steven R. BE Ramachandran, S TI Ho-Doped Fiber for High Energy Laser Applications SO FIBER LASERS XI: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XI - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 03-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx, Inc DE Holmium doped fiber laser; fiber laser; holmium; high energy laser AB Ho-doped fiber lasers are of interest for high energy laser applications because they operate in the eye safer wavelength range and in a window of high atmospheric transmission. Because they can be resonantly pumped for low quantum defect operation, thermal management issues are anticipated to be tractable. A key issue that must be addressed in order to achieve high efficiency and minimize thermal issues is parasitic absorption in the fiber itself. Hydroxyl contamination arising from the process for making the Ho-doped fiber core is the principal offender due to a combination band of Si-O and O-H vibrations that absorbs at 2.2 mu m in the Ho3+ emission wavelength region. We report significant progress in lowering the OH content to 0.16 ppm, which we believe is a record level. Fiber experiments using a 1.94 mu m thulium fiber laser to resonantly clad pump a triple clad Ho-doped core fiber have shown a slope efficiency of 62%, which we also believe is a record for a cladding-pumped laser. Although pump-power limited, the results of these studies demonstrate the feasibility of power scaling Ho-doped fiber lasers well above the currently-reported 400-W level.(1) C1 [Friebele, E. Joseph; Askins, Charles G.; Wright, Barbara Marcheschi; Bowman, Steven R.] Naval Res Lab, Opt Mat & Devices Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Peele, John R.; Brown, Christopher G.] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Condon, Nicholas J.] Digital Optic Technol Inc, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. [O'Connor, Shawn] Patuxent Naval Air Warfare Ctr Aircraft Div, EO & Special Miss Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Friebele, EJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Opt Mat & Devices Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joe.friebele@nrl.navy.mil RI Chen, Ru/A-5105-2015 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9874-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8961 AR UNSP 896120 DI 10.1117/12.2041577 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA4KL UT WOS:000335903300051 ER PT J AU Myung, KS Glassman, DM Tolo, VT Skaggs, DL AF Myung, Karen S. Glassman, David M. Tolo, Vernon T. Skaggs, David L. TI Simple Steps to Minimize Spine Infections in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS LA English DT Article DE surgical site infection; spinal fusion; prevention; antibiotic prophylaxis ID SURGICAL SITE INFECTION; MODIFIABLE RISK-FACTOR; DEEP WOUND-INFECTION; CEREBRAL-PALSY; TREATMENT-OUTCOMES; FUSION; SURGERY; CHILDREN; INSTRUMENTATION; OPERATIONS AB Background: To examine the surgical site infection (SSI) rates in patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) after implementation of a change in antibiotic prophylaxis and intraoperative irrigation. Methods: A retrospective review of all consecutive spinal fusions for AIS from 1996 to 2008 was performed. In 2003, 2 changes in our protocol were implemented: (1) routine antibiotic prophylaxis was changed from cefazolin alone to vancomycin and ceftazidime; (2) intraoperative irrigation technique was changed from bulb syringe to pulse lavage irrigation. We compared the rates of deep SSI requiring irrigation and debridement before institution of these changes (1996 to 2002) to the rates after these changes (2003 to 2008). Results: Before the change in the antibiotic and lavage regimen, 261 spinal fusions were performed. Of these, 28/261 (11%) patients underwent irrigation and debridement for SSI. The most common infecting pathogen was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (47%). Between the years 2003 and 2008, 263 spinal fusions were performed. Only 2/263 (0.7%) patients underwent irrigation and debridement for SSI. This decrease in infection rate is highly significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Routine use of vancomycin and ceftazidime and pulsatile lavage for posterior spinal fusion in AIS patients decreased the rates of postoperative infection by 10 fold. As 2 variables were changed, it is impossible to know the relative effect of each. However, as spine infections can be so devastating, and the potential risks of these changes are small, we recommend both the new antibiotic and irrigation protocol. Level of Evidence: Level III. C1 [Myung, Karen S.; Tolo, Vernon T.; Skaggs, David L.] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Childrens Orthopaed Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. [Glassman, David M.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Skaggs, DL (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Childrens Orthopaed Ctr, 4650 Sunset Blvd,Mailstop 69, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. EM dskaggs@chla.usc.edu NR 31 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-6798 EI 1539-2570 J9 J PEDIATR ORTHOPED JI J. Pediatr. Orthop. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1097/BPO.0b013e31829b2d75 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Pediatrics SC Orthopedics; Pediatrics GA AH0UQ UT WOS:000335836500005 PM 23812142 ER PT J AU Connolly, TP Hickey, BM Shulman, I Thomson, RE AF Connolly, Thomas P. Hickey, Barbara M. Shulman, Igor Thomson, Richard E. TI Coastal Trapped Waves, Alongshore Pressure Gradients, and the California Undercurrent SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Geographic location; entity; Continental shelf; slope; Circulation; Dynamics; Baroclinic flows; Coastal flows; Models and modeling; Model evaluation; performance; Variability; Intraseasonal variability; Seasonal variability ID EASTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF-SLOPE; SEA-SURFACE HEIGHT; CURRENT SYSTEM; STRATIFIED OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; TOPOGRAPHIC RECTIFICATION; POLEWARD UNDERCURRENT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CURRENTS AB The California Undercurrent (CUC), a poleward-flowing feature over the continental slope, is a key transport pathway along the west coast of North America and an important component of regional upwelling dynamics. This study examines the poleward undercurrent and alongshore pressure gradients in the northern California Current System (CCS), where local wind stress forcing is relatively weak. The dynamics of the undercurrent are compared in the primitive equation Navy Coastal Ocean Model and a linear coastal trapped wave model. Both models are validated using hydrographic data and current-meter observations in the core of the undercurrent in the northern CCS. In the linear model, variability in the predominantly equatorward wind stress along the U.S. West Coast produces episodic reversals to poleward flow over the northern CCS slope during summer. However, reproducing the persistence of the undercurrent during late summer requires additional incoming energy from sea level variability applied south of the region of the strongest wind forcing. The relative importance of the barotropic and baroclinic components of the modeled alongshore pressure gradient changes with latitude. In contrast to the southern and central portions of the CCS, the baroclinic component of the alongshore pressure gradient provides the primary poleward force at CUC depths over the northern CCS slope. At time scales from weeks to months, the alongshore pressure gradient force is primarily balanced by the Coriolis force associated with onshore flow. C1 [Connolly, Thomas P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hickey, Barbara M.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shulman, Igor] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Thomson, Richard E.] Fisheries Oceans Canada Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Connolly, TP (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MS 21,266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM tconnolly@whoi.edu OI Connolly, Thomas/0000-0002-2159-5918 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17OP2789, NA09NOS4780180]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE0234587, OCE0942675]; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors thank Kenneth Brink (WHOI) for providing CTW software and Edward Dever (OSU) for providing RN mooring data. Ryan McCabe, Parker MacCready, Neil Banas, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback on earlier versions of the manuscript. I. Shulman thanks John Kindle, Sergio DeRada, Brad Penta, and Stephanie Anderson for help with NCOM-CCS. This work was part of T. Connolly's graduate research at the University of Washington and was supported by grants to B. Hickey from the Coastal Ocean Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (NA17OP2789 and NA09NOS4780180) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) (OCE0234587 and OCE0942675) as part of the Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms Pacific Northwest (ECOHAB PNW) and Pacific Northwest Toxin (PNWTOX) projects. I. Shulman was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of NSF, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce. NR 70 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 44 IS 1 BP 319 EP 342 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-095.1 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AH0IH UT WOS:000335802100026 ER PT J AU Bauserman, JW Mushrush, GW Hardy, DR Willauer, HD Laskoski, M Keller, TM AF Bauserman, J. W. Mushrush, G. W. Hardy, D. R. Willauer, H. D. Laskoski, M. Keller, T. M. TI The Removal of Organic Nitrogen Compounds from Unstable Diesel Fuels SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activated clay; carbon nanotubes; fuel instability; middle distillate fuels; organic nitrogen compounds; silica gel AB Fuel storage instability reactions of middle distillate fuel are of interest to the Department of Defense. Unlike civilian fuel, military fuel can remain in storage tanks for one or more years. As fuel is drawn from these tanks, the tanks are subsequently topped off with more recently purchased fuel, and the mixed fuel is not compatible, resulting in sediment and sludge formation. Previous research has shown that certain polar organic nitrogen functional groups involved in instability reactions are difficult and expensive to remove completely during the refining process. Therefore, this study involved the removal of these compounds by four different filtering media. An unstable fuel was treated separately with activated clay, silica gel, amorphous carbon, and iron carbon nanotubes (FeCNT) and the composition of the extracts were analyzed by GC/MS. The results of this study show that some of the media were not only more effective, but selective in removing the organic nitrogen compounds. C1 [Bauserman, J. W.] Nova Res, Alexandria, VA USA. [Mushrush, G. W.; Hardy, D. R.; Willauer, H. D.] Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Mushrush, G. W.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Laskoski, M.; Keller, T. M.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willauer, HD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6300-2,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Heather.Willauer@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-6466 EI 1532-2459 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2014 VL 32 IS 6 BP 638 EP 645 DI 10.1080/10916466.2011.603008 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AH5IK UT WOS:000336161600002 ER PT J AU Harvey, BG Meylemans, HA Gough, RV Quintana, RL Garrison, MD Bruno, TJ AF Harvey, Benjamin G. Meylemans, Heather A. Gough, Raina V. Quintana, Roxanne L. Garrison, Michael D. Bruno, Thomas J. TI High-density biosynthetic fuels: the intersection of heterogeneous catalysis and metabolic engineering SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REARRANGEMENT PRODUCT; MICROBIAL-PRODUCTION; GERMACRENE-D; AB-INITIO; CARYOPHYLLENE; CONVERSION; BIODIESEL; BIOFUELS; SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE AB Biosynthetic valencene, premnaspirodiene, and natural caryophyllene were hydrogenated and evaluated as high performance fuels. The parent sesquiterpenes were then isomerized to complex mixtures of hydrocarbons with the heterogeneous acid catalyst Nafion SAC-13. High density fuels with net heats of combustion ranging from 133-141000 Btu gal(-1), or up to 13% higher than commercial jet fuel could be generated by this approach. The products of caryophyllene isomerization were primarily tricyclic hydrocarbons which after hydrogenation increased the fuel density by 6%. The isomerization of valencene and premnaspirodiene also generated a variety of sesquiterpenes, but in both cases the dominant product was delta-selinene. Ab initio calculations were conducted to determine the total electronic energies for the reactants and products. In all cases the results were in excellent agreement with the experimental distribution of isomers. The cetane numbers for the sesquiterpane fuels ranged from 20-32 and were highly dependent on the isomer distribution. Specific distillation cuts may have the potential to act as high density diesel fuels, while use of these hydrocarbons as additives to jet fuel will increase the range and/or time of flight of aircraft. In addition to the ability to generate high performance renewable fuels, the powerful combination of metabolic engineering and heterogeneous catalysis will allow for the preparation of a variety of sesquiterpenes with potential for pharmaceutical, flavor, and fragrance applications. C1 [Harvey, Benjamin G.; Meylemans, Heather A.; Quintana, Roxanne L.; Garrison, Michael D.] US Navy, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div NAWCWD, Res Dept,Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Gough, Raina V.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Harvey, BG (reprint author), US Navy, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div NAWCWD, Res Dept,Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM benjamin.g.harvey@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for partial support of this work. We would also like to thank Allylix Inc. for its generous donation of biosynthetic valencene and premnaspirodiene. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 20 BP 9448 EP 9457 DI 10.1039/c3cp55349c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AH0OC UT WOS:000335818600028 PM 24724156 ER PT S AU Busse, LE Florea, CM Shaw, LB Frantz, J Bayya, S Poutous, MK Joshi, R Aggarwal, ID Sanghera, JS AF Busse, Lynda E. Florea, Catalin M. Shaw, L. Brandon Frantz, Jesse Bayya, Shyam Poutous, Menelaos K. Joshi, Rajendra Aggarwal, Ishwar D. Sanghera, Jas S. BE Clarkson, WA Shori, RK TI Antireflective surface structures on optics for high energy lasers SO SOLID STATE LASERS XXIII: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XXIII - Technology and Devices CY FEB 02-04, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE antireflection; nano-structuring; silica; optical windows; laser damage threshold; high energy lasers AB We report results for antireflective surface structures (ARSS) fabricated directly into the surface of optics and lenses which are important as high energy (multi-kW) laser components, including fused silica windows and lenses, YAG crystals and ceramics and spinel ceramics. Very low reflection losses as well as high laser damage thresholds have been measured for optics with ARSS. Progress to scale up the process for large size windows will also be presented. C1 [Busse, Lynda E.; Shaw, L. Brandon; Frantz, Jesse; Bayya, Shyam; Sanghera, Jas S.] US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aggarwal, Ishwar D.] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis, MD 20701 USA. [Joshi, Rajendra] Univ Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Busse, LE (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers (JTO-HEL) FX This work was supported by the Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers (JTO-HEL). We acknowledge Telaztec, Inc. for some of the ARSS processing, and Spica Technologies for the laser damage testing. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9872-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8959 AR UNSP 89591L DI 10.1117/12.2041025 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BA4KK UT WOS:000335902300046 ER PT J AU Nee, R Parker, AL Little, DJ Yuan, CM Himmelfarb, J Lowe, SR Abbott, KC AF Nee, Robert Parker, Austin L. Little, Dustin J. Yuan, Christina M. Himmelfarb, Jonathan Lowe, Stephen R. Abbott, Kevin C. TI Cost-effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy to prolong primary patency of hemodialysis graft SO CLINICAL NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE end-stage renal disease; hemodialysis graft; antiplatelet therapy; cost-effectiveness ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CATHETER-RELATED BACTEREMIA; MEDICAL DECISION-ANALYSIS; VASCULAR ACCESS; PLUS ASPIRIN; VALUE SET; DIALYSIS; HEALTH; PRIMER; SF-6D AB Introduction: The Dialysis Access Consortium (DAC) study group previously reported that treatment with extended-release dipyridamole plus aspirin (DASA) resulted in a significant but clinically modest improvement in primary unassisted arteriovenous graft (AVG) patency. Utilizing DAC published data, the objective of this study is to evaluate the cost effectiveness of antiplatelet interventions aimed at preventing loss of primary AVG patency in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: We performed a cost-utility analysis, using a decision analysis tree model with a 12-month time horizon and a third party payer perspective. Interventions included DASA with and without concurrent aspirin, aspirin alone, and no prophylaxis. The modeled population was defined as adult (>= 18 years of age) end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who had undergone placement of a new AVG in the United States. The outcomes were costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALY), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, and net monetary benefit. Probabilities were based upon published studies performed by the DAC Study Group while costs of medications and procedures were drawn from public sources. Utilities of health states were derived from published reports and the Short Form 6D (SF-6D) instrument. Results: Aspirin alone is the most cost effective strategy for AVG pharmacologic prophylaxis, as compared to no prophylaxis or DASA with or without concurrent aspirin. The results are robust on multiple scenario analyses using both deterministic and Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Accounting for both costs and QALY, using aspirin alone to prevent AVG thrombosis can potentially reduce healthcare costs by $24,679,412 per year compared to no aspirin use, at a willingness-to-pay of $50,000/QALY. Conclusions: Aspirin monotherapy compared favorably to other strategies based on cost per QALY. Our findings support the use of aspirin prophylaxis in HD patients with a new AVG who do not have a contraindication to aspirin. C1 [Nee, Robert; Little, Dustin J.; Yuan, Christina M.; Abbott, Kevin C.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Nephrol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Parker, Austin L.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Nephrol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Lowe, Stephen R.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Intervent Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Himmelfarb, Jonathan] Univ Washington, Kidney Res Inst, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Nee, R (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Nephrol, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM robert.nee.civ@health.mil OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU DUSTRI-VERLAG DR KARL FEISTLE PI DEISENHOFEN-MUENCHEN PA BAHNHOFSTRASSE 9 POSTFACH 49, D-82032 DEISENHOFEN-MUENCHEN, GERMANY SN 0301-0430 J9 CLIN NEPHROL JI Clin. Nephrol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 81 IS 1 BP 38 EP 51 DI 10.5414/CN108100 PG 14 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA AG5FL UT WOS:000335444800005 PM 24161074 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Smith, OL Kathaperumal, M Johnstone, LR Pan, MJ Perry, JW AF Kim, Yunsang Smith, O'Neil L. Kathaperumal, Mohanalingam Johnstone, Lucas R. Pan, Ming-Jen Perry, Joseph W. TI Enhancement of breakdown strength and energy density in BaTiO3/ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites via processing-induced matrix crystallinity and uniformity SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID NANOMETRIC DIELECTRICS; HIGH-PERMITTIVITY; BARIUM-TITANATE; THIN-FILM; STORAGE; FABRICATION; CAPACITORS AB We have investigated the impact of the processing methodology on nanocomposite thin films formed via blade casting versus spin coating on the electric breakdown strength and energy storage properties of BaTiO3 nanoparticle/poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) nanocomposites. Nanocomposite films containing 50% volume loading of surface-modified BaTiO3 nanoparticles fabricated by the use of blade casting showed a denser and more uniform morphology, and larger polymer crystallite domains, relative to those obtained via spin coating. The improved morphology has resulted in an increase of up to 60% in the breakdown strength and in energy density by a factor of similar to 2-3 and for blade-cast vs. spin coated nanocomposite films containing 50 or 120 nm BaTiO3 nanoparticles, yielding a maximum extractable energy density of 7 J cm(-3). We attribute the increase in energy density and dielectric breakdown strength to the effects of the improved uniformity and the formation of polymer nanocrystalline domains in the matrix, as shown by cross-sectional SEM and topological AFM images, and X-ray diffraction results. These results stress the importance of controlling nanoscale morphology for optimizing energy storage capacity of solution-processed nanocomposite thin films for pulsed power, gate dielectrics, and other thin-film power applications. C1 [Kim, Yunsang; Smith, O'Neil L.; Kathaperumal, Mohanalingam; Johnstone, Lucas R.; Perry, Joseph W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kim, Yunsang; Smith, O'Neil L.; Kathaperumal, Mohanalingam; Johnstone, Lucas R.; Perry, Joseph W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kim, Yunsang] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Pan, Ming-Jen] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Perry, JW (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM joe.perry@gatech.edu FU Office of Naval Research Capacitor Program [N000141110462]; Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Capacitor Program (Grant no.: N000141110462). The authors thank Prof. Kippelen for use of a profilometer and dielectric spectroscopy instruments. O'Neil Smith and Yunsang Kim thank the Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics for a COPE Fellowship. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2014 VL 4 IS 38 BP 19668 EP 19673 DI 10.1039/c4ra00987h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AH2AK UT WOS:000335922900016 ER PT J AU Come, J Augustyn, V Kim, JW Rozier, P Taberna, PL Gogotsi, P Long, JW Dunn, B Simon, P AF Come, Jeremy Augustyn, Veronica Kim, Jong Woung Rozier, Patrick Taberna, Pierre-Louis Gogotsi, Pavel Long, Jeffrey W. Dunn, Bruce Simon, Patrice TI Electrochemical Kinetics of Nanostructured Nb2O5 Electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR; ENERGY-STORAGE; INTERCALATION PSEUDOCAPACITANCE; ACTIVATED CARBONS; VANADIUM-OXIDE; ION INSERTION; TIO2 ANATASE; PORE-SIZE; SUPERCAPACITORS; BATTERY AB Pseudocapacitive charge storage is based on faradaic charge-transfer reactions occurring at the surface or near-surface of redox-active materials. This property is of great interest for electrochemical capacitors because of the substantially higher capacitance obtainable as compared to traditional double-layer electrode processes. While high levels of pseudocapacitance have been obtained with nanoscale materials, the development of practical electrode structures that exhibit pseudocapacitive properties has been challenging. The present paper shows that electrodes of Nb2O5 successfully retain the pseudocapacitive properties of the corresponding nanoscale materials. For charging times as fast as one minute, there is no indication of semi-infinite diffusion limitations and specific capacitances of 380 F g(-1) and 0.46 F cm(-2) are obtained in 40-mu m thick electrodes at a mean discharge potential of 1.5 V vs Li+/Li. In-situ X-ray diffraction shows that the high specific capacitance and power capabilities of Nb2O5 electrodes can be attributed to fast Li+ intercalation within specific planes in the orthorhombic structure. This intercalation pseudocapacitance charge-storage mechanism is characterized as being an intrinsic property of Nb2O5 that facilitates the design of electrodes for capacitive storage devices. We demonstrate the efficacy of these electrodes in a hybrid electrochemical cell whose energy density and power density surpass that of commercial carbon-based devices. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Come, Jeremy; Rozier, Patrick; Taberna, Pierre-Louis; Simon, Patrice] Univ Toulouse 3, CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085, F-31062 Toulouse 4, France. [Come, Jeremy; Rozier, Patrick; Taberna, Pierre-Louis; Simon, Patrice] FR CNRS 3459, RS2E, Paris, France. [Augustyn, Veronica; Kim, Jong Woung; Dunn, Bruce] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gogotsi, Pavel; Long, Jeffrey W.] Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Come, J (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, CIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085, F-31062 Toulouse 4, France. EM simon@chimie.ups-tlse.fr RI come, jeremy/A-5116-2016; SIMON, Patrice/N-6777-2016; Rozier, Patrick/C-6738-2011 OI come, jeremy/0000-0002-3335-0627; SIMON, Patrice/0000-0002-0461-8268; FU Center for Molecularly Engineered Energy Materials, an Energy Frontier Research Center - DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC001342]; Delegation Generale pour l'Armement (DGA); European Research Council (ERC) [ERC-2011-AdG, 291543 - IONACES]; Chair of Excellence "Embedded multi-functional nanomaterials" from the EADS Foundation; U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Center for Molecularly Engineered Energy Materials, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC001342). J.C. was supported by Delegation Generale pour l'Armement (DGA). P.S. acknowledges the support from the European Research Council (ERC, Advanced grant, ERC-2011-AdG, Project 291543 - IONACES), the Chair of Excellence "Embedded multi-functional nanomaterials" from the EADS Foundation, as well as B. Duployer for precious support for the in-situ XRD experiments. J.W.L. acknowledges support from the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 54 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 15 U2 116 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 5 BP A718 EP A725 DI 10.1149/2.040405jes PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AG3CD UT WOS:000335292500011 ER PT J AU Garsany, Y Ge, JJ St-Pierre, J Rocheleau, R Swider-Lyons, KE AF Garsany, Yannick Ge, Junjie St-Pierre, Jean Rocheleau, Richard Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Analytical Procedure for Accurate Comparison of Rotating Disk Electrode Results for the Oxygen Reduction Activity of Pt/C SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FUEL-CELLS; CATALYSTS; CARBON; ALLOY; ELECTROCATALYSTS AB Rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry has been touted as a simple means for benchmarking the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of platinum-based electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In practice, the RDE methodology has been highly variable across laboratories, with up to 20% differences in values for the Pt electrochemical surface area and 10x differences in mass activity and area-specific activity reported from the same standard Pt/C electrocatalyst. We confirm that the same ORR activities can be replicated across laboratories when a detailed experimental protocol is followed. From our work and others', we conclude that dominant factors in the RDE experimental protocol include the ink formulation, electrocatalyst film quality and the electrochemical procedures. We make a recommendation for procedures for the reproducible characterization of Pt/C commercial catalysts, present simple metrics for researchers to use for a quick check of their results, and also propose new benchmark values for two Pt/C standards. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Garsany, Yannick] EXCET INC, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Ge, Junjie; St-Pierre, Jean; Rocheleau, Richard] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garsany, Y (reprint author), EXCET INC, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM yannick.garsany.ctr.fr@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors are grateful to the Office of Naval Research for financial support of this project and to the Hawaiian Electric Company for their ongoing support to the operations of the Hawaii Sustainable Energy Research Facility. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 10 U2 49 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 5 BP F628 EP F640 DI 10.1149/2.036405jes PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AG3CD UT WOS:000335292500067 ER PT J AU Malanoski, AP Johnson, BJ Erickson, JS AF Malanoski, A. P. Johnson, B. J. Erickson, J. S. TI Contact angles on surfaces using mean field theory: nanodroplets vs. nanoroughness SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SURFACES; LINE TENSION; CASSIE; WENZEL; DROPS AB With emerging systems and applications accessing features within the nanoregime, whether due to droplet size or feature size, understanding the wetting behaviours of these materials is an area of ongoing interest. Theoretical studies, providing a fundamental understanding of how contact angle behaviour changes at these length scales, are important to further such work. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the application of lattice density functional theory (LDFT) to a pillared surface to confirm the suitability of LDFT for studying more complex surfaces. Incorporation of the correct level of details for the fluid-wall interaction was found to produce all of the qualitative changes that have been observed in off-lattice theories. Though previous reports have provided apparently conflicting results, the more comprehensive examination of feature sizes provided here demonstrates that those behaviours are consistent with one another. The well-studied failure of macroscopic models that results from non-negligible line tension contributions and small droplets to feature size ratios was demonstrated using LDFT. Furthermore, the failure of macroscopic models resulting upon reduction in feature size, which has been considered less often, is clearly demonstrated. A key assumption of the macroscopic models is the consistent interaction between surface and fluid regardless of the flatness or roughness of the surface. The density functional results presented here show that, for the smallest features, this is not the case and demonstrate that macroscopic models do not predict the correct contact angle for droplets of any size on nanorough surfaces. C1 [Malanoski, A. P.; Johnson, B. J.; Erickson, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Malanoski, AP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM anthony.malanoski@nrl.navy.mil RI Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011; Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X FU Office of Naval Research through the US Naval Research Laboratory; US Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), Basic and Supporting Science Directorate [BRCALL07-C-2-0041] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Office of Naval Research through the US Naval Research Laboratory and by the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), Basic and Supporting Science Directorate (BRCALL07-C-2-0041). The opinions and assertions contained herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the US Navy, US Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2014 VL 6 IS 10 BP 5260 EP 5269 DI 10.1039/c3nr06464f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AG1BB UT WOS:000335148800033 PM 24695553 ER PT J AU Allen, DR Hoppel, KW Kuhl, DD AF Allen, D. R. Hoppel, K. W. Kuhl, D. D. TI Wind extraction potential from 4D-Var assimilation of stratospheric O-3, N2O, and H2O using a global shallow water model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; CHEMICAL-CONSTITUENT OBSERVATIONS; EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER; WINTER STRATOSPHERE; NAVDAS-AR; TEST SET; OZONE; EQUATIONS; FORMULATION; TRANSPORT AB The wind extraction due to assimilation of stratospheric trace gas (tracer) data is examined using a 4D-Var (four-dimensional variational) data assimilation system based on the shallow water equations coupled to the tracer continuity equation. The procedure is outlined as follows. First, a nature run is created, simulating middle stratospheric winter conditions. Second, ozone (O-3), nitrous oxide (N2O), and water vapor (H2O) (treated in this study as passive tracers) are initialized using Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) mixing ratios at 850K potential temperature and are advected by the nature run winds. Third, the initial dynamical conditions are perturbed by using a 6 h offset. Fourth, simulated hourly tracer observations on the full model grid are assimilated with a 4D-Var system in which tracer and winds are coupled via the adjoint of the tracer continuity equation. Multiple assimilation experiments are performed by varying the amount of random observation error added to the simulated measurements. Finally, the wind extraction potential (WEP) is calculated as the reduction of the vector wind root mean square error (RMSE) relative to the maximum possible reduction. For a single 6 h assimilation cycle with the smallest observation error, WEP values are similar to 60% for all three tracers, while 10-day multi-cycle simulations result in WEP of similar to 90 %, wind errors of similar to 0.3 m s(-1), and height errors of similar to 13 m. There is therefore sufficient information in the tracer fields to almost completely constrain the dynamics, even without direct assimilation of dynamical information. When realistic observation error is added (based on MLS precisions at 10 hPa), the WEP after 10 days is 90% for O-3, 87% for N2O, and 72% for H2O. O-3 and N2O provide more wind information than H2O due to stronger background gradients relative to the MLS precisions. The RMSE for wind reach a minimum level of similar to 0.3-0.9m s(-1) for the MLS precisions, suggesting a limit to which realistic tracers could constrain the winds, given complete global cover age. With higher observation noise levels, the WEP values decrease, but the impact on the winds is still positive up to noise levels of 100%(relative to the global mean value) when compared to the case of no data assimilation. C1 [Allen, D. R.; Hoppel, K. W.; Kuhl, D. D.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Allen, DR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM douglas.allen@nrl.navy.mil FU US Office of Naval Research FX We would like to acknowledge the editor and two reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was funded by the US Office of Naval Research. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 7 BP 3347 EP 3360 DI 10.5194/acp-14-3347-2014 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF3JO UT WOS:000334608400010 ER PT J AU Freitas, CJ Mathis, JT Scott, N Bigger, RP MacKiewicz, J AF Freitas, Christopher J. Mathis, James T. Scott, Nikki Bigger, Rory P. MacKiewicz, James TI Dynamic Response Due to Behind Helmet Blunt Trauma Measured with a Human Head Surrogate SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE helmet blunt trauma; human head surrogate AB A Human Head Surrogate has been developed for use in behind helmet blunt trauma experiments. This human head surrogate fills the void between Post-Mortem Human Subject testing (with biofidelity but handling restrictions) and commercial ballistic head forms (with no biofidelity but ease of use). This unique human head surrogate is based on refreshed human craniums and surrogate materials representing human head soft tissues such as the skin, dura, and brain. A methodology for refreshing the craniums is developed and verified through material testing. A test methodology utilizing these unique human head surrogates is also developed and then demonstrated in a series of experiments in which non-perforating ballistic impact of combat helmets is performed with and without supplemental ceramic appliques for protecting against larger caliber threats. Sensors embedded in the human head surrogates allow for direct measurement of intracranial pressure, cranial strain, and head and helmet acceleration. Over seventy (70) fully instrumented experiments have been executed using this unique surrogate. Examples of the data collected are presented. Based on these series of tests, the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) Human Head Surrogate has demonstrated great potential for providing insights in to injury mechanics resulting from non-perforating ballistic impact on combat helmets, and directly supports behind helmet blunt trauma studies. C1 [Freitas, Christopher J.; Mathis, James T.; Scott, Nikki; Bigger, Rory P.] SW Res Inst, Dept Engn Dynam, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [MacKiewicz, James] US Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Freitas, CJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Dept Engn Dynam, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM Christopher.Freitas@swri.org FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; Navy Health Research Center FX The authors wish to thank the U.S. Office of Naval Research and the Navy Health Research Center for funding this effort and specifically, Mr. Lee Mastroianni. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU IVYSPRING INT PUBL PI LAKE HAVEN PA PO BOX 4546, LAKE HAVEN, NSW 2263, AUSTRALIA SN 1449-1907 J9 INT J MED SCI JI Int. J. Med. Sci. PY 2014 VL 11 IS 5 BP 409 EP 425 DI 10.7150/ijms.8079 PG 17 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AF3JZ UT WOS:000334609600002 PM 24688303 ER PT J AU Shanks, AL Morgan, SG MacMahan, J Reniers, AJHM Jarvis, M Brown, J Fujimura, A Griesemer, C AF Shanks, Alan L. Morgan, Steven G. MacMahan, Jamie Reniers, Ad J. H. M. Jarvis, Marley Brown, Jenna Fujimura, Atsushi Griesemer, Chris TI Onshore transport of plankton by internal tides and upwelling-relaxation events SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Internal waves; Recruitment; Harmful algal bloom; HAB; Pseudo-nitzschia; Cyprid; Settlement ID CROSS-SHELF TRANSPORT; MONTEREY SUBMARINE-CANYON; BARNACLE SETTLEMENT; SEMIBALANUS-BALANOIDES; LARVAL INVERTEBRATES; SHOREWARD TRANSPORT; MASSACHUSETTS BAY; SURFACE SLICKS; CENTRAL CHILE; TIDAL BORES AB Identifying biophysical mechanisms of larval transport is essential to understanding the delivery of larvae to adult habitats. In addition, harmful algal blooms (HABs) can be transported onshore from populations that form offshore. In summer 2011, we measured sea surface and bottom temperatures and daily phytoplankton abundance and intertidal cyprid (barnacle post larvae) settlement at Carmel River State Beach, California, USA. Using time-series analysis, we compared the abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and daily cyprid settlement to physical forcing mechanisms (e. g. internal tides and upwelling-relaxation events) that could generate onshore delivery. Minimum bottom water temperature was significantly cross-correlated with the spring-neap tidal cycle; minimum temperatures occurred between neap and spring tides, and maximum temperatures were recorded around neap tides. When the temperature data were transformed to remove the relationship between tides and temperature, we found significantly higher maximum sea surface temperatures during upwelling-relaxation events. We observed 4 pulses in Pseudo-nitzschia spp. abundance. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. chains were longest at the start of pulses and then decreased, suggesting that they had been transported to shore from a more productive site offshore, likely the upwelling front. Pulses occurred during periods of maximum sea surface temperature associated with upwelling-relaxation events. In contrast, cyprid settlement was significantly cross-correlated with the spring-neap tidal cycle, with settlement peaks C1 [Shanks, Alan L.; Jarvis, Marley] Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. [Morgan, Steven G.; Griesemer, Chris] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [MacMahan, Jamie; Brown, Jenna] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Reniers, Ad J. H. M.; Fujimura, Atsushi] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Shanks, AL (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, POB 5389, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. EM ashanks@uoregon.edu FU NSF-OCE [092735]; Oregon Institute of Marine Biology; Bodega Marine Laboratory; Naval Postgraduate School; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science FX This research was supported by NSF-OCE no. 092735 to A. L. S., S. G. M., J. M., and A. J. H. M. R. Help in the field and laboratory were provided by D. Trovillion, M. Hogan, and J. Noseff. This is a contribution of the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, the Bodega Marine Laboratory, the Naval Postgraduate School, and Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 37 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 502 BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.3354/meps10717 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AF4GU UT WOS:000334670700004 ER PT S AU Murphy, TM Broussard, R Schultz, R Rakvic, R Ngo, H AF Murphy, Thomas M. Broussard, Randy Schultz, Robert Rakvic, Ryan Ngo, Hau BE Roning, J Casasent, D TI A Viola-Jones based hybrid face detection framework SO INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND COMPUTER VISION XXXI: ALGORITHMS AND TECHNIQUES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXXI - Algorithms and Techniques CY FEB 04-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE face detection; Viola-Jones; neural network; hybrid; CMU/VASC ID RECOGNITION AB Improvements in face detection performance would benefit many applications. The OpenCV library implements a standard solution, the Viola-Jones detector, with a statistically boosted rejection cascade of binary classifiers. Empirical evidence has shown that Viola-Jones underdetects in some instances. This research shows that a truncated cascade augmented by a neural network could recover these undetected faces. A hybrid framework is constructed, with a truncated Viola-Jones cascade followed by an artificial neural network, used to refine the face decision. Optimally, a truncation stage that captured all faces and allowed the neural network to remove the false alarms is selected. A feedforward backpropagation network with one hidden layer is trained to discriminate faces based upon the thresholding (detection) values of intermediate stages of the full rejection cascade. A clustering algorithm is used as a precursor to the neural network, to group significant overlappings. Evaluated on the CMU/VASC Image Database, comparison with an unmodified OpenCV approach shows: (1) a 37% increase in detection rates if constrained by the requirement of no increase in false alarms, (2) a 48% increase in detection rates if some additional false alarms are tolerated, and (3) an 82% reduction in false alarms with no reduction in detection rates. These results demonstrate improved face detection and could address the need for such improvement in various applications. C1 [Murphy, Thomas M.; Schultz, Robert; Rakvic, Ryan; Ngo, Hau] US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Biometr Signal Proc, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Broussard, Randy] US Naval Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Ctr Biometr Signal Proc, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Murphy, TM (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Biometr Signal Proc, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM murphyt@seas.upenn.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9942-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9025 AR UNSP 902509 DI 10.1117/12.2040829 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Robotics; Optics GA BA2ZL UT WOS:000334023700007 ER PT S AU Bowman, SR Ganem, J Brown, CG AF Bowman, Steven R. Ganem, Joseph Brown, Christopher G. BE Epstein, RI Seletskiy, DV SheikBahae, M TI Optical Cooling in Multi-Level Systems SO LASER REFRIGERATION OF SOLIDS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Refrigeration of Solids VII CY FEB 05-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE rare earths; laser refrigeration; modeling; energy transfer; cryogenic operation ID NEODYMIUM; KPB2CL5 AB A theoretical model for optical cooling is developed, which yields the overall efficiency of a single end-pumped cooling system. This model includes the effects of background absorption and pump saturation, while in multi-level systems, the model accounts for the important energy transfer processes. Two-level efficiency is evaluated for the case of Yb:YAG and compared with a hypothetical three-level material with identical spectral properties. This model is readily modified to include more levels and different materials. C1 [Bowman, Steven R.] Naval Res Lab, Adv Laser Concepts Sect, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ganem, Joseph] Loyola Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. [Brown, Christopher G.] SOTERA Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Adv Laser Concepts Sect, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steve.bowman@nrl.navy.mil NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9913-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9000 AR UNSP 90000G DI 10.1117/12.2040073 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BA2ZR UT WOS:000334025900007 ER PT J AU Haegel, NM AF Haegel, Nancy M. TI Integrating electron and near-field optics: dual vision for the nanoworld SO NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Review DE near-field scanning optical microscope; scanning electron microscope; integrated; cathodoluminescence; transport imaging; diffusion; energy transport ID CATHODOLUMINESCENCE MICROSCOPY; CARRIER TRANSPORT; DIFFUSION LENGTH; RESOLUTION; SEMICONDUCTOR; NANOWIRES; ZNO; LIFETIME; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DIFFRACTION AB The integration of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) with the imaging and localized excitation capabilities of electrons in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) offers new capabilities for the observation of highly resolved transport phenomena in the areas of electronic and optical materials characterization, semiconductor nanodevices, plasmonics and integrated nanophotonics. While combined capabilities for atomic force microscopy (AFM) and SEM are of obvious interest to provide localized surface topography in concert with the ease and large spatial dynamic range of SEM and dual beam imaging (e. g., in-situ AFM following focused ion beam modification), integration with near-field optical imaging capability can also provide access to localized transport phenomena beyond the reach of far-field systems. In particular, the flexibility that is achieved with the capability for independent, high resolution placement of an electron source, providing localized excitation in the form of free carriers, photons or plasmons, with scanning of the optical collecting tip allows for unique types of "dual-probe" experiments that directly image energy transfer. We review integrated near-field and electron optics systems to date, highlight applications in a variety of fields and suggest future directions. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Haegel, NM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nmhaegel@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR0526330, DMR 0804527]; NSF/DHS ARI program under Interagency Agreement [HSHQDC-11-X-0015] FX The following individuals contributed greatly to some of the work described in this manuscript during their time as graduate students or summer interns: Lee Baird, Chun-Hong Low, Abigail Hoffman, Anree Little, Daniel Chisholm, R. Adam Cole, David Phillips and Kevin Blaine. I thank my collaborators, as well as colleagues who have provided samples: Clyde Scandrett, Chris Frenzen, Thomas Boone, Alec Talin, George Wang and Z. L. Wang. Helpful discussions and insights are acknowledged with: Prof. Aaron Lewis, Hesham Taha, Andrey Ignatov and Ben Yacobi. Transport imaging work with combined SEM and NSOM has been supported by the National Science Foundation through Grants DMR0526330 and DMR 0804527 and through the NSF/DHS ARI program under Interagency Agreement HSHQDC-11-X-0015. N.M.H also acknowledges support for work on this topic as a Fulbright Senior Scholar at Hebrew University in 2012. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 51 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2192-8606 EI 2192-8614 J9 NANOPHOTONICS-BERLIN JI Nanophotonics PY 2014 VL 3 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 75 EP 89 DI 10.1515/nanoph-2013-0048 PG 15 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA AE4NU UT WOS:000333960100007 ER PT S AU Law, KK AF Law, K. K. BE Razeghi, M Tournie, E Brown, GJ TI Monolithic QCL Design Approaches for Improved Reliability and Affordability SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices XI CY FEB 02-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE ID QUANTUM CASCADE LASER; TUNING RANGE AB Many advances have been made recently in mid-wave infrared and long-wave infrared quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) technologies, and there is an increasing demand for these laser sources for ever expanding Naval, DoD and homeland security applications. We will discuss in this paper a portfolio of various Naval Air Warfare Weapons Division's current and future small business innovative research programs and efforts on significantly improving QCLs' performance, affordability, and reliability. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Nas Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. RP Law, KK (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Nas Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9906-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8993 AR 899307 DI 10.1117/12.2047371 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA2ZQ UT WOS:000334025500004 ER PT J AU Norman, C Rollene, N Weist, SM Wigham, JR Erickson, D Miles, JM Bowers, CY Veldhuis, JD AF Norman, Catalina Rollene, Nanette Weist, Suanne M. Wigham, Jean R. Erickson, Dana Miles, John M. Bowers, Cyril Y. Veldhuis, Johannes D. TI Short-Term Estradiol Supplementation Potentiates Low-Dose Ghrelin Action in the Presence of GHRH or Somatostatin in Older Women SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE-SECRETION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR; IGF-I; PULSATILE; HUMANS; PEPTIDE; RELEASE; DRIVE; PROLIFERATION AB Context: Ghrelin is a potent gastric-derived GH-releasing peptide. How ghrelin interacts with sex steroids, GHRH, and somatostatin (SS) is not known. Objective: Our objective was to test the hypotheses that ghrelin's interactions with GHRH (synergistic) and SS (disinhibitory) are ghrelin dose-dependent and amplified by estrogen. Subjects, Setting, and Design: Healthy postmenopausal women were treated with placebo (n = 12) or 17 beta-estradiol (E-2) (n = 12) at the Center for Translational Science Activities in a randomized double-blind prospective study. Methods: Ghrelin dose-dependence was assessed by nonlinear curve fitting of the relationship between deconvolved GH secretory-burst mass and 5 randomly ordered ghrelin doses (0, 0.03, 0.135, 0.6, and 2.7 mu g/kg bolus iv) during saline, GHRH, and SS infusion. Results: Under placebo, neither GHRH nor SS altered the ED50 of ghrelin (range 0.64-0.67 mu g/kg). Under E-2 (median E-2 88 pg/mL), the ED50 of ghrelin declined in the presence of GHRH to 0.52 mu g/kg. In contrast, the efficacy of ghrelin rose markedly during GHRH vs saline exposure with and without E-2: placebo and saline 52 +/- 1.0 vs GHRH 173 +/- 3.8 mu g/L; and E-2 and saline 56 +/- 0.90 vs GHRH 174 +/- 3.7 mu g/L. Sensitivity to ghrelin was similar under all conditions. Summary: Short-term E-2 supplementation in postmenopausal women reduces the ED50 (increases the potency) of ghrelin when GHRH is present, without altering ghrelin efficacy (maximal effect) or hypothalamo-pituitary sensitivity (slope of dose response) to ghrelin. The data suggest possible physiological interactions among sex steroids (endogenous), ghrelin, and GHRH during E-2 replacement in postmenopausal women. C1 [Norman, Catalina; Weist, Suanne M.; Wigham, Jean R.; Erickson, Dana; Miles, John M.; Veldhuis, Johannes D.] Mayo Clin, Ctr Translat Sci Activ, Mayo Sch Grad Med Educ, Endocrine Res Unit, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Rollene, Nanette] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Reprod Endocrinol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Bowers, Cyril Y.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Endocrinol & Metab Sect, Peptide Res Sect, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Veldhuis, JD (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM veldhuis.johannes@mayo.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01 DK073148, R01 AG029362, P30 DK050456]; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences [UL1 TR000135] FX This work was supported in part by Grants R01 DK073148 and R01 AG029362 (National Institute on Aging), and P30 DK050456 (Metabolic Studies Core of the Minnesota Obesity Center) from the National Institutes of Health. Matlab versions of the deconvolution methodology are available from Veldhuis. johannes@mayo.edu. The project described was supported by UL1 TR000135 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of any federal institution. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2055 L ST NW, SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 99 IS 1 BP E73 EP E80 DI 10.1210/jc.2013-3043 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AD6WP UT WOS:000333402200009 PM 24203062 ER PT J AU Chesi, S Gong, Q Pellegrini, V Cristi, R Romano, M AF Chesi, Simone Gong, Qi Pellegrini, Veronica Cristi, Roberto Romano, Marcello TI Automatic Mass Balancing of a Spacecraft Three-Axis Simulator: Analysis and Experimentation SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB Spacecraft three-axis simulators provide frictionless and, ideally, torque-free hardware simulation platforms that are crucial for validating spacecraft attitude determination and control strategies. To reduce the gravitational torque, the distance between the simulator center of mass and the center of rotation needs to be minimized. This work proposes an automatic mass balancing system for spacecraft simulators, which uses only the three sliding masses during the balancing process, without need of further actuators. The proposed method is based on an adaptive nonlinear feedback control that aims to move, in real time, the center of mass toward the spacecraft simulator's center of rotation. The stability of the feedback system and the convergence of the estimated unknown parameter (the distance between the center of mass and the center of rotation) are analyzed through Lyapunov stability theory. The proposed method is experimentally validated using the CubeSat Three-Axis Simulator at the Spacecraft Robotics Laboratory of the Naval Postgraduate School. C1 [Chesi, Simone; Gong, Qi; Pellegrini, Veronica] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Appl Math & Stat Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Cristi, Roberto] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Elect Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Romano, Marcello] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chesi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Appl Math & Stat Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM schesi@soe.ucsc.edu; qigong@soe.ucsc.edu; vpellegr@soe.ucsc.edu; rcristi@nps.edu; mromano@nps.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 37 IS 1 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.2514/1.60380 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AD9UG UT WOS:000333609400021 ER PT J AU Dixon, M Karniouchina, EV van der Rhee, B Verma, R Victorino, L AF Dixon, Michael Karniouchina, Ekaterina V. van der Rhee, Bo Verma, Rohit Victorino, Liana TI The role of coordinated marketing-operations strategy in services Implications for managerial decisions and execution SO JOURNAL OF SERVICE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Service operations; Service marketing; Services management ID PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; CONJOINT-ANALYSIS; SCRIPT USAGE; DESIGN; EXPERIENCE; INTERFACE; PERSPECTIVES; PERFORMANCE; INDUSTRY; DEMAND AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of a coordinated marketing and operations strategy in goods and service producing business organizations. Customer engagement and co-production are imperative service delivery considerations, and therefore an aligned marketing and operations strategy is essential for the formulation, development, and effectiveness of managerial decisions especially for service sector firms. Design/methodology/approach - The authors present arguments in support of this paper's primary objectives by reviewing past research that have introduced theoretical frameworks, empirical support and applications in support of the close coordination between marketing and operations strategy The paper then describes how the inter-relationship between marketing and operations strategy impacts several managerial decisions. Findings - The paper discusses several different types of managerial decisions within goods and service producing firms that require active interaction between marketing and operations. These decisions include aligning strategic priorities, new product development, service design, and experience design. Research limitations/implications - This paper is primarily theoretical and therefore does not include any new empirical data. Practical implications - The inter-relationship between the marketing and operations functions is well known to practicing managers However, they may not have a specific understanding of the academic research described in this paper that shows how firm performance can be further improved by better managing these interactions for specific managerial decisions. Originality/value - This paper is theoretical and provides a comprehensive review of literature and a compelling argument for including marketing and operations strategy in the corporate executive suite. Therefore, this paper should be of interest to researchers and practitioners interested in the functional areas of marketing, operations, and strategy for service organizations. C1 [Dixon, Michael] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. [Karniouchina, Ekaterina V.] Mills Coll, Sch Business, Oakland, CA 94613 USA. [van der Rhee, Bo] Nyenrode Business Univ, Ctr Mkt & Supply Chain Management, Breukelen, Netherlands. [Verma, Rohit] Cornell Univ, Sch Hotel Adm, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Victorino, Liana] Univ Victoria, Peter B Gustayson Sch Business, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Verma, R (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Hotel Adm, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rv54@cornell.edu NR 91 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 17 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1757-5818 EI 1757-5826 J9 J SERV MANAGE JI J. Serv. Manage. PY 2014 VL 25 IS 2 BP 275 EP 294 DI 10.1108/JOSM-02-2014-0060 PG 20 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA AE1IB UT WOS:000333721900008 ER PT J AU Zhang, MQ Watson, JS Counce, RM Trulove, PC Zawodzinski, TA AF Zhang, Mengqi Watson, Jack S. Counce, Robert M. Trulove, Paul C. Zawodzinski, Thomas A., Jr. TI Electrochemistry and Morphology Studies of Aluminum Plating/Stripping in a Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid on Porous Carbon Materials SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODEPOSITION; NUCLEATION; CHLORIDE AB Aluminum electrodeposition and electrodissolution in mixtures of AlCl3 and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride on carbon paper electrodes consisting of graphitized fibers were investigated. Porous electrodes, such as carbon paper electrodes, often offer possible advantages such as higher nominal current densities and less dendrite formation, over solid planar electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and pulse current deposition were used to investigate Al plating and stripping on this porous structure. The Al morphology on the carbon paper was probed using SEM. Composition and temperature affect the Al electrode performance through their influence on the diffusivity of ions. Therefore, control of the diffusion process during Al plating/stripping is essential. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Mengqi; Watson, Jack S.; Counce, Robert M.; Zawodzinski, Thomas A., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Trulove, Paul C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Zawodzinski, Thomas A., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zawodzinski, Thomas A., Jr.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Chem, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. RP Zhang, MQ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mzhang17@utk.edu FU TNSCORE program, NSF [EPS-1004083] FX We thank the TNSCORE program, NSF EPS-1004083, for funding this work. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 4 BP D163 EP D167 DI 10.1149/2.048404jes PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AD8XR UT WOS:000333549500046 ER PT J AU Baturina, OA Epshteyn, A Northrup, P Swider-Lyons, KE AF Baturina, Olga A. Epshteyn, Albert Northrup, Paul Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI The Influence of Cell Voltage on the Performance of a PEM Fuel Cell in the Presence of HCl in Air SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; PT(111) ELECTRODE SURFACE; CHLORIDE CONTAMINATION; ANION ADSORPTION; PLATINUM; ELECTROCATALYSTS; SPECTROSCOPY; DISSOLUTION; DEGRADATION; DURABILITY AB The performance degradation is probed for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) exposed to 4 ppm HCl in air at cell voltages of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 V. While the steady-state cell current decreases by 90% for the cells held at 0.6 V, it only decreases by 17% when the cells are at 0.4 V. We hypothesize that Cl- poisoning is more pronounced at 0.6 V vs. 0.4 V due to increase in Cl- coverage of the Pt nanoparticle electrocatalysts as the cell voltage (and electrode potential) becomes more positive, implying chemisorption coupled to an electrostatic effect. Chloride coverage increases by ca. 30% as cell voltage increases from 0.4 to 0.6 V. Further losses are caused by a 12% decrease in Pt electrochemical surface area (ECSA) due to Pt dissolution to chloroplatinate ions, followed by growth and agglomeration of Pt nanoparticles. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Baturina, Olga A.; Epshteyn, Albert; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Northrup, Paul] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Baturina, OA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM olga.baturina@nrl.navy.mil FU Maryland NanoCenter; Department of Energy; Office of Naval Research FX We acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab at the University of Maryland, College Park, MD for TEM analysis of our samples. The NispLab is supported in part by the NSF as a MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility. Beamline X15B at The National Synchrotron Light Source is supported and operated by a multi-institutional consortium of scientists coordinated by Stony Brook University. The National Synchrotron Light Source is supported by the Department of Energy. Financial support for this work was provided by the Office of Naval Research. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 4 BP F365 EP F372 DI 10.1149/2.105403jes PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AD8XR UT WOS:000333549500054 ER PT J AU Grande, O Canizo, J Angulo, I Jenn, D Danoon, LR Guerra, D de la Vega, D AF Grande, Olatz Canizo, Josune Angulo, Itziar Jenn, David Danoon, Laith R. Guerra, David de la Vega, David TI Simplified Formulae for the Estimation of Offshore Wind Turbines Clutter on Marine Radars SO SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB The potential impact that offshore wind farms may cause on nearby marine radars should be considered before the wind farm is installed. Strong radar echoes from the turbines may degrade radars' detection capability in the area around the wind farm. Although conventional computational methods provide accurate results of scattering by wind turbines, they are not directly implementable in software tools that can be used to conduct the impact studies. This paper proposes a simple model to assess the clutter that wind turbines may generate on marine radars. This method can be easily implemented in the system modeling software tools for the impact analysis of a wind farm in a real scenario. C1 [Grande, Olatz; Canizo, Josune; Angulo, Itziar; Guerra, David; de la Vega, David] Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Dept Commun Engn, Bilbao 48013, Spain. [Jenn, David] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Danoon, Laith R.] Univ Manchester, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP de la Vega, D (reprint author), Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Dept Commun Engn, Alda Urquijo S-N, Bilbao 48013, Spain. EM david.delavega@ehu.es OI de la Vega, David/0000-0003-4811-4173 FU Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [TEC2012-32370]; Basque Government (SAIOTEK program) FX This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project TEC2012-32370) and the Basque Government (SAIOTEK program). NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU HINDAWI LTD PI LONDON PA ADAM HOUSE, 3RD FLR, 1 FITZROY SQ, LONDON, WIT 5HE, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 SCI WORLD J JI Sci. World J. PY 2014 AR 982508 DI 10.1155/2014/982508 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE0FQ UT WOS:000333639500001 ER PT J AU Westmoreland, AH AF Westmoreland, Andrew H. TI Managing Acute Coronary Syndrome During Medical Air Evacuation from a Remote Location at Sea SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE trazodone; stress-induced cardiomyopathy; ST segment elevation; myocardial infarction; Operation Enduring Freedom AB Background: Coronary emergencies at sea requiring air evacuation are not uncommon. On board a Nimitz-class aircraft carrier while in a remote location, an active duty sailor suffered a myocardial infarction. A medical evacuation by helicopter was necessary. Transfer proved difficult due to the ship's location, poor flying conditions, and the patient's deteriorating condition. This case stresses the importance of expeditious diagnosis, treatment, and air transfer to shore-based facilities capable of providing definitive coronary care. Case Report: A 33-yr-old man recently started on trazodone due to depression complained of chest pain. The patient was hemodynamically unstable and electrocardiogram showed ST segment elevation and Q waves in the anterior, inferior, and lateral leads. He was air-lifted to the nearest accepting facility with cardiac catheterization capabilities, which was over 300 miles away. Poor weather conditions hindered the pilot's ability to fly the original course. The patient remained critical and medication choices were limited. Even with all of these obstacles, everyone involved performed his or her duties admirably. The patient's condition improved by the time the helicopter landed. He was then rushed by ambulance to the hospital's coronary care unit, where he was successfully treated. Discussion: This case highlights the need to keep a high index of suspicion when patients complain of chest pain, regardless of age. It is of the utmost importance that individuals capable of thinking and acting quickly are assigned to medical evacuation teams, and that they continue to train regularly, as coronary events at sea are not uncommon. C1 [Westmoreland, Andrew H.] US Navy, Naval Air Stn Oceana, Virginia Beach, VA USA. RP Westmoreland, AH (reprint author), USN, 105 Isabella Ln 102, Virginia Beach, VA 23462 USA. EM fsnavy33@yahoo.com NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 85 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3792.2014 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA AD1MA UT WOS:000332996900014 PM 24479263 ER PT J AU Wall, WS Rudolph, SM Hong, SK Morgan, KL AF Wall, Walter S. Rudolph, Scott M. Hong, Sun K. Morgan, Kenneth L. TI Broadband Switching Nonlinear Metamaterial SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Diodes; metamaterials; nonlinear magnetics AB In this letter, we present a nonlinear metamaterial capable of transitioning between a broadband reflective and broadband nonreflective state depending on the incident power level. Below the activation voltage, broadband reflectivity is created by forbidding propagation through the metamaterial as a result of the effective permittivity and permeability having different signs. Above the activation voltage, reflection is suppressed by matching the effective permittivity and permeability. Full-wave simulations are performed to analyze the electromagnetic characteristics of the structure, with experimental results presented at S-band frequencies in a WR-284 waveguide. These measurements demonstrate a 10 dB reduction in reflected amplitude over an 18% bandwidth, a 3-dB reduction over a greater than 30% bandwidth, and a maximum difference in reflection of nearly 42 dB. C1 [Wall, Walter S.; Rudolph, Scott M.; Hong, Sun K.; Morgan, Kenneth L.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wall, WS (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM walter.wall@nrl.navy.mil RI Hong, Sun/E-9597-2014 OI Hong, Sun/0000-0003-4417-8727 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 EI 1548-5757 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2014 VL 13 BP 427 EP 430 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2014.2308989 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AD2YN UT WOS:000333103200001 ER PT J AU Samimi, A Scales, WA Bernhardt, PA Briczinski, SJ McCarrick, MJ AF Samimi, A. Scales, W. A. Bernhardt, P. A. Briczinski, S. J. McCarrick, M. J. TI Ion gyroharmonic structures in stimulated radiation during second electron gyroharmonic heating: 2. Simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission (SEE); particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation; ion Bernstein wave; ion acoustic wave; caviton collapse; parametric decay instability ID HF RADIO-WAVES; IONOSPHERIC REFLECTION REGION; STRONG LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; OPTICAL-EMISSIONS; BRILLOUIN SCATTER; PUMP FREQUENCIES; PLASMA; INSTABILITY AB Characteristics of the Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission (SEE) spectrum recorded during ionospheric heating near the second electron gyroharmonic frequency, 2f(ce), have attracted attention due to their possible connection to artificially generated airglow and artificial ionospheric layers. Two newly discovered SEE spectral features within 1 kHz frequency shift relative to the pump frequency are (1) discrete narrowband structures ordered by the local ion gyrofrequency involving parametric decay of the pump field into upper hybrid/electron Bernstein (UH/EB) and ion Bernstein (IB) waves and (2) broadband structures that maximize around 500 Hz downshifted relative to the pump frequency involving parametric decay of the pump field into upper hybrid/electron Bernstein and oblique ion acoustic (IA) waves [Samimi et al., 2013]. In this paper, a two-dimensional particle-in-cell Monte Carlo Collision computational model is employed in order to consider nonlinear aspects such as (1) electron acceleration through wave-particle interaction, (2) more complex nonlinear wave-wave processes, and (3) temporal evolution of irregularities through nonlinear saturation. The simulation results show that the IB-associated parametric decay is primarily associated with electron acceleration perpendicular to the geomagnetic field. More gyroharmonic lines are typically associated with more electron acceleration. Electron acceleration is reduced when the pump frequency is sufficiently close to 2f(ce). The IA-associated parametric decay instability is primarily associated with electron tail heating along the magnetic field and electron acceleration is reduced when the pump frequency is sufficiently close to 2f(ce). Characteristics of caviton collapse behavior become prevalent in this case. Results are discussed within the context of some recent experimental observations. C1 [Samimi, A.; Scales, W. A.] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bernhardt, P. A.; Briczinski, S. J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. [McCarrick, M. J.] Marsh Creek LLC, Gakona, AK USA. RP Samimi, A (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM arsamimi@vt.edu FU National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 462 EP 478 DI 10.1002/2013JA019341 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AD1YC UT WOS:000333028600041 ER PT J AU Bordikar, MR Scales, WA Mahmoudian, A Kim, H Bernhardt, PA Redmon, R Samimi, AR Brizcinski, S McCarrick, MJ AF Bordikar, M. R. Scales, W. A. Mahmoudian, A. Kim, H. Bernhardt, P. A. Redmon, R. Samimi, A. R. Brizcinski, S. McCarrick, M. J. TI Impact of active geomagnetic conditions on stimulated radiation during ionospheric second electron gyroharmonic heating SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionospheric modification; active experiments; proton precipitation; parametric decay instability; SEE ID STANDING WAVE PATTERN; HF RADIO-WAVES; ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS; REFLECTION REGION; FREQUENCY; PLASMA; INSTABILITIES; ABSORPTION; SPECTRUM; AURORA AB Recently, narrowband emissions ordered near the H+ (proton) gyrofrequency (f(cH)) were reported in the stimulated electromagnetic emission (SEE) spectrum during active geomagnetic conditions. This work presents new observations and theoretical analysis of these recently discovered emissions. These emission lines are observed in the stimulated electromagnetic emission (SEE) spectrum when the transmitter is tuned near the second electron gyroharmonic frequency (2f(ce)) during recent ionospheric modification experiments at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research (HAARP) facility near Gakona, Alaska. The spectral lines are typically shifted below and above the pump wave frequency by harmonics of a frequency roughly 10% less than f(cH) (approximate to 800 Hz) with a narrow emission bandwidth less than the O+ gyrofrequency (approximate to 50 Hz). However, new observations and analysis of emission lines ordered by a frequency approximately 10% greater than f(cH) are presented here for the first time as well. The interaction altitude for the heating for all the observations is in the range of 160 km up to 200 km. As described previously, proton precipitation due to active geomagnetic conditions is considered as the reason for the presence of H+ ions known to be a minor background constituent in this altitude region. DMSP satellite observations over HAARP during the heating experiments and ground-based magnetometer and riometer data validate active geomagnetic conditions. The theory of parametric decay instability in multi-ion component plasma including H+ ions as a minority species described in previous work is expanded in light of simultaneously observed preexisting SEE features to interpret the newly reported observations. Impact of active geomagnetic conditions on the SEE spectrum as a diagnostic tool for proton precipitation event characterization is discussed. Key Points Comprehensive observations of new H+ (proton)-related SEE features Active geomagnetic conditions imply proton precipitation plays a key role Theory suggests PDI involving multi-component ion wave modes at UH layer C1 [Bordikar, M. R.; Scales, W. A.; Mahmoudian, A.; Kim, H.; Samimi, A. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bernhardt, P. A.; Brizcinski, S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. [Redmon, R.] NOAA NGDC, Boulder, CO USA. [McCarrick, M. J.] Marsh Creek LLC, Gakona, AK USA. RP Bordikar, MR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM maitrayee@vt.edu FU National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank R. Clauer for useful discussions. This work was supported by National Science Foundation. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 548 EP 565 DI 10.1002/2013JA019367 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AD1YC UT WOS:000333028600046 ER PT J AU Hoang, K Johannes, MD AF Hoang, Khang Johannes, Michelle D. TI Defect chemistry in layered transition-metal oxides from screened hybrid density functional calculations SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; LITHIUM COBALT OXIDE; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; OVERSTOICHIOMETRIC LICOO2; CATHODE MATERIALS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; BASIS-SET; LINIO2; INSULATORS AB We report a comprehensive first-principles study of the thermodynamics and transport of intrinsic point defects in layered oxide cathode materials LiMO2 (M = Co, Ni), using density-functional theory and the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof screened hybrid functional. We find that LiCoO2 has a complex defect chemistry; different electronic and ionic defects can exist under different synthesis conditions, and LiCoO2 samples free of cobalt antisite defects can be made under Li-excess (Co-deficient) environments. A defect model for lithium over-stoichiometric LiCoO2 is also proposed, which involves negatively charged lithium antisites and positively charged small (hole) polarons. In LiNiO2, a certain amount of Ni3+ ions undergo charge disproportionation and the concentration of nickel ions in the lithium layers is high. Tuning the synthesis conditions may reduce the nickel antisites but would not remove the charge disproportionation. In addition, we find that LiMO2 cannot be doped n- or p-type; the electronic conduction occurs via hopping of small polarons and the ionic conduction occurs via migration of lithium vacancies, either through a monovacancy or divacancy mechanism, depending on the vacancy concentration. C1 [Hoang, Khang] N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Computationally Assisted Sci & Technol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Johannes, Michelle D.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hoang, K (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Computationally Assisted Sci & Technol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM khang.hoang@ndsu.edu RI Hoang, Khang/C-2879-2008 OI Hoang, Khang/0000-0003-1889-0745 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-G52-08NA28921, DE-SC0001717]; National Science Foundation EPSCoR [EPS-0814442]; CCAST; U.S. Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with Noam Bernstein, and the use of computing facilities at the DoD HPC Center and the Center for Computationally Assisted Science and Technology (CCAST) at North Dakota State University. This work was supported, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant nos DE-G52-08NA28921 and DE-SC0001717), National Science Foundation EPSCoR (Award no. EPS-0814442), and CCAST. Funding for M.D.J. was provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. NR 77 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 65 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2014 VL 2 IS 15 BP 5224 EP 5235 DI 10.1039/c4ta00673a PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AD2YA UT WOS:000333101600009 ER PT J AU Smith, WW Goodman, DS Sivarajah, I Wells, JE Banerjee, S Cote, R Michels, HH Mongtomery, JA Narducci, FA AF Smith, W. W. Goodman, D. S. Sivarajah, I. Wells, J. E. Banerjee, S. Cote, R. Michels, H. H. Mongtomery, J. A., Jr. Narducci, F. A. TI Experiments with an ion-neutral hybrid trap: cold charge-exchange collisions SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID STATES; ATOMS AB Due to their large trap depths (similar to 1 eV or 10,000 K), versatility, and ease of construction, Paul traps have important uses in high-resolution spectroscopy, plasma physics, and precision measurements of fundamental constants. An ion-neutral hybrid trap consisting of two separate but spatially concentric traps [a magneto-optic trap (MOT) for the neutral species and a mass-selective linear Paul trap for the ionic species] is an ideal apparatus for sympathetic cooling. However, over the past few years, hybrid traps have proven most useful in measuring elastic and charge-exchange rate constants of ion-neutral collisions over a wide temperature range from kilo-Kelvin to nano-Kelvin. We report some initially surprising results from a hybrid trap system in our laboratory where we have loaded the Paul trap with Ca+ ions in the presence of a Na MOT (localized dense gas of cold Na atoms). We find a strong loss of Ca+ ions with MOT exposure, attributed to an exothermic, non-resonant ion-neutral charge-exchange process with an activation barrier, which leads to the formation of Na+ ions. We propose a detailed mechanism for this process. We obtain an estimated measure of the rate constant for this charge exchange of similar to 2 x 10(-11) cm(3)/s, much less than the Langevin rate, which suggests that the Langevin assumption of unit efficiency in the reaction region is not correct in this case. C1 [Smith, W. W.; Goodman, D. S.; Sivarajah, I.; Wells, J. E.; Banerjee, S.; Cote, R.; Michels, H. H.; Mongtomery, J. A., Jr.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys U 3046, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Banerjee, S.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Narducci, F. A.] Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Smith, WW (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys U 3046, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM winthrop.smith@uconn.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [PHY0855570]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; NSF [PHY-1101254] FX W.S. acknowledges support for the experiments from the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. PHY0855570. The work of S.B. was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the work of R.C. by NSF Grant No. PHY-1101254. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 114 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s00340-013-5672-2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AC9JO UT WOS:000332850800009 ER PT J AU Mier-y-Teran-Romero, L Schwartz, IB AF Mier-y-Teran-Romero, L. Schwartz, I. B. TI Capturing pattern bi-stability dynamics in delay-coupled swarms SO EPL LA English DT Article ID COLLECTIVE MOTION; COOPERATIVE CONTROL; SENSOR NETWORKS; MODEL; AGGREGATION; POTENTIALS; PARTICLES; FLOCKING AB Swarms of large numbers of agents appear in many biological and engineering fields. Dynamic bi-stability of co-existing spatio-temporal patterns has been observed in many models of large population swarms. However, many reduced models for analysis, such as mean-field (MF), do not capture the bifurcation structure of bi-stable behavior. Here, we develop a new model for the dynamics of a large population swarm with delayed coupling. The additional physics predicts how individual particle dynamics affects the motion of the entire swarm. Specifically, 1) we correct the center-of-mass propulsion physics accounting for the particles' velocity distribution; 2) we show that the model we develop is able to capture the pattern bi-stability displayed by the full swarm model. C1 [Mier-y-Teran-Romero, L.; Schwartz, I. B.] US Naval Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mier-y-Teran-Romero, L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Mier-y-Teran-Romero, L (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N0001412WX20083]; Naval Research Laboratory [N0001412WX30002.]; LMR [R01GM090204]; IBS [R01GM090204]; National Institute Of General Medical Sciences FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for their support through ONR contract No. N0001412WX20083 and the Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 program contract No. N0001412WX30002. LMR and IBS are supported by Award No. R01GM090204 from the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences or the National Institutes of Health. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD JAN PY 2014 VL 105 IS 2 AR 20002 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/105/20002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AC6FT UT WOS:000332617600002 ER PT J AU Nagayama, S Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Nagayama, Shinobu Sasao, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. TI EVMDD-Based Analysis and Diagnosis Methods of Multi-State Systems with Multi-State Components SO JOURNAL OF MULTIPLE-VALUED LOGIC AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Multi-state systems with multi-state components; fault tolerant systems; structure functions; system analysis and diagnosis based on decision diagrams; EVMDDs ID DECISION DIAGRAMS AB A multi-state system with multi-state components is a model of systems, where performance, capacity, or reliability levels of the systems are represented as states. It usually has more than two states, and thus can be considered as a multi-valued function, called a structure function. Since many structure functions are monotone increasing, their multi-state systems can be represented compactly by edge-valued multivalued decision diagrams (EVMDDs). This paper presents an analysis method of multi-state systems with multi-state components using EVMDDs. Experimental results show that, by using EVMDDs, structure functions can be represented more compactly than existing methods using ordinary MDDs. Further, EVMDDs yield comparable computation time for system analysis. This paper also proposes a new diagnosis method using EVMDDs, and shows that the proposed method can infer the most probable causes for system failures more efficiently than conventional methods based on Bayesian networks. C1 [Nagayama, Shinobu] Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Eng, Hiroshima, Japan. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Kyushu Inst Tech, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan. [Butler, Jon T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Eng, Monterey, CA USA. RP Nagayama, S (reprint author), Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Eng, Hiroshima, Japan. FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) [22500050]; Hiroshima City University Grant for Special Academic Research (General Studies) [0206] FX This research is partly supported by the Grant in Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), funds from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), the MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), (No. 22500050), 2012, and Hiroshima City University Grant for Special Academic Research (General Studies), (No. 0206), 2012. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 628 NORTH 2ND ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19123 USA SN 1542-3980 J9 J MULT-VALUED LOG S JI J. Mult.-Valued Log. Soft Comput. PY 2014 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 78 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC4MQ UT WOS:000332495800004 ER PT J AU Cheriton, OM McPhee-Shaw, EE Shaw, WJ Stanton, TP Bellingham, JG Storlazzi, CD AF Cheriton, Olivia M. McPhee-Shaw, Erika E. Shaw, William J. Stanton, Timothy P. Bellingham, James G. Storlazzi, Curt D. TI Suspended particulate layers and internal waves over the southern Monterey Bay continental shelf: An important control on shelf mud belts? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Monterey Bay; suspended particulate matter; internal tide; sediment transport; intermediate nepheloid layers; mud belt ID INTERMEDIATE NEPHELOID LAYERS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOLITARY WAVES; SEDIMENT TEXTURE; INNER SHELF; MARGIN; BOTTOM; CANYON; TIDES; TRANSPORT AB Physical and optical measurements taken over the mud belt on the southern continental shelf of Monterey Bay, California documented the frequent occurrence of suspended particulate matter features, the majority of which were detached from the seafloor, centered 9-33 m above the bed. In fall 2011, an automated profiling mooring and fixed instrumentation, including a thermistor chain and upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler, were deployed at 70 m depth for 5 weeks, and from 12 to 16 October a long-range autonomous underwater vehicle performed across-shelf transects. Individual SPM events were uncorrelated with local bed shear stress caused by surface waves and bottom currents. Nearly half of all observed SPM layers occurred during 1 week of the study, 9-16 October 2011, and were advected past the fixed profiling mooring by the onshore phase of semidiurnal internal tide bottom currents. At the start of the 9-16 October period, we observed intense near-bed vertical velocities capable of lifting particulates into the middle of the water column. This updraft event appears to have been associated with nonlinear adjustment of high-amplitude internal tides over the mid and outer shelf. These findings suggest that nonlinear internal tidal motions can erode material over the outer shelf and that, once suspended, this SPM can then be transported shoreward to the middle and shallow sections of the mud belt. This represents a fundamental broadening of our understanding of how shelf mud belts may be built up and sustained. Key Points Internal tides drive detachment and mid-water flux of suspended particulates Repeated onshore pulses suggest new mechanism for maintaining shelf mud belts Upwelling and downwelling affect internal tide energetics and sediment transport C1 [Cheriton, Olivia M.; Storlazzi, Curt D.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [McPhee-Shaw, Erika E.] Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Shaw, William J.; Stanton, Timothy P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. [Bellingham, James G.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. RP Cheriton, OM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM ocheriton@usgs.gov OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490; Cheriton, Olivia/0000-0003-3011-9136 FU National Science Foundation [OCE0961810]; U.S. Geological Survey FX This project was funded by the National Science Foundation (grant OCE0961810 to McPhee-Shaw, Bellingham, Shaw, and Stanton), and by the U.S. Geological Survey. Project Assistant C. Hunter (MLML) prepared and oversaw the deployment and recovery of the moored instrument platforms. B. Hobson oversaw deployment and operation of the LRAUV. D. Kolber (MBARI) helped prepare and postprocess autonomous underwater vehicle data. We gratefully acknowledge M. McManus at the University of Hawaii at Manoa for loaning us the SeaHorse autonomous profiler and associated instrumentation. We thank K. Rosenberger for his contributions to and preliminary editing of this manuscript. J. Sevadjian and B. Raanan offered helpful suggestions for field work planning and data analyses. B. Edwards and J. Reid supplied the sediment grain size data shown in Figure 1, and N. Golden assisted with mapping this data. We thank the captain and crews of the RV Pt Sur and all the MLML students who assisted with field operations. The authors are very grateful to P. Puig and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments and suggestions greatly improved the manuscript. NR 83 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 428 EP 444 DI 10.1002/2013JC009360 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AB6DZ UT WOS:000331879100031 ER PT J AU Schruben, LW Singham, DI AF Schruben, Lee W. Singham, Dashi I. TI Data-Driven Simulation of Complex Multidimensional Time Series SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MODELING AND COMPUTER SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE Flocking algorithms AB This article introduces a new framework for resampling general time series data. The approach, inspired by computer agent flocking algorithms, can be used to generate inputs to complex simulation models or for generating pseudo-replications of expensive simulation outputs. The method has the flexibility to enable replicated sensitivity analysis for trace-driven simulation, which is critical for risk assessment. The article includes two simple implementations to illustrate the approach. These implementations are applied to nonstationary and state-dependent multivariate time series. Examples using emergency department data are presented. C1 [Schruben, Lee W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Singham, Dashi I.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Schruben, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 4141 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lees@berkeely.edu; dsingham@nps.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1049-3301 EI 1558-1195 J9 ACM T MODEL COMPUT S JI ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 1 AR 5 DI 10.1145/2553082 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA AB5OE UT WOS:000331837300005 ER PT J AU Hebert, CG Hart, SJ Terray, A AF Hebert, Colin G. Hart, Sean J. Terray, Alex TI Label free detection of pseudorabies virus infection in Vero cells using laser force analysis SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; OPTICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY; MANIPULATION; PROTEIN; IMMUNOSENSOR; REPLICATION; MICROSCOPY; DISCOVERY; CYTOMETRY; PARTICLES AB The rapid and robust identification of viral infections has broad implications for a number of fields, including medicine, biotechnology and biodefense. Most detection systems rely on specific molecules, such as nucleic acids or proteins, to identify the target(s) of interest. These molecules afford great specificity, but are often expensive, labor-intensive, labile and limited in scope. Label free detection methods seek to overcome these limitations by instead using detection methods that rely on intrinsic properties as a basis for identifying and separating species of interest and thus do not rely on specific prior knowledge of the target. Optical chromatography, one such technique, uses the balance between optical and fluidic drag forces within a microfluidic channel to determine the optical force on cells or particles. Here we present the application of individual optical force measurements as a means of investigating pseudorabies virus infection in Vero cells. Optical force differences are seen between cells from uninfected and infected populations at a multiplicity of infection as low as 0.001 and as soon as 2 hours post infection, demonstrating the potential of this technique as a means of detecting viral infection. Through the application of a pattern recognition neural network, individual cell size data are combined with optical force as a means of classifying cell populations. Potential applications include the early detection of bloodborne pathogens for the prevention of sepsis and other diseases as well as the detection of biological threat agents. C1 [Hebert, Colin G.; Terray, Alex] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Bio Analyt Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hart, Sean J.] LumaCyte LLC, Keswick, VA 22947 USA. RP Terray, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Bio Analyt Chem Sect, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM terray@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [BA09DET067]; Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) FX This research was performed while the author (CGH) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Funding was provided by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under contract number BA09DET067, and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2014 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1472 EP 1481 DI 10.1039/c3an01713c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AB5ZP UT WOS:000331867500027 PM 24492491 ER PT J AU Petkovic, MS Neta, B Petkovic, LD Dzunic, J AF Petkovic, Miodrag S. Neta, Beny Petkovic, Ljiljana D. Dzunic, Jovana TI Multipoint methods for solving nonlinear equations: A survey SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Review DE Nonlinear equations; Iterative methods; Multipoint methods; Computational efficiency; Convergence rate; Acceleration of convergence ID 4TH-ORDER ITERATIVE METHODS; ROOT-FINDING METHODS; HIGHER-ORDER METHODS; NEWTONS METHOD; 3-POINT METHODS; FAMILY; INTERPOLATION; CONVERGENCE; MEMORY; 3RD-ORDER AB Multipoint iterative methods belong to the class of the most efficient methods for solving nonlinear equations. Recent interest in the research and development of this type of methods has arisen from their capability to overcome theoretical limits of one-point methods concerning the convergence order and computational efficiency. This survey paper is a mixture of theoretical results and algorithmic aspects and it is intended as a review of the most efficient root-finding algorithms and developing techniques in a general sense. Many existing methods of great efficiency appear as special cases of presented general iterative schemes. Special attention is devoted to multipoint methods with memory that use already computed information to considerably increase convergence rate without additional computational costs. Some classical results of the 1970s which have had a great influence to the topic, often neglected or unknown to many readers, are also included not only as historical notes but also as genuine sources of many recent ideas. To a certain degree, the presented study follows in parallel main themes shown in the recently published book (Petkovic et al., 2013) [53], written by the authors of this paper. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Petkovic, Miodrag S.; Dzunic, Jovana] Univ Nis, Fac Elect Engn, Nish 18000, Serbia. [Neta, Beny] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Petkovic, Ljiljana D.] Univ Nis, Fac Mech Engn, Nish 18000, Serbia. RP Petkovic, MS (reprint author), Univ Nis, Fac Elect Engn, Nish 18000, Serbia. EM miodragpetkovic@gmail.com FU Serbian Ministry of Science [174022] FX This work was supported by the Serbian Ministry of Science under the Grant 174022. NR 73 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 EI 1873-5649 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 226 BP 635 EP 660 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2013.10.072 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AB0QC UT WOS:000331496200057 ER PT J AU Elsberry, RL AF Elsberry, Russell L. TI Advances in research and forecasting of tropical cyclones from 1963-2013 SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Tropical cyclone forecasting advances; tropical cyclone research advances ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; TRACK; MODEL AB A review of progress over the past 50 years in observing and forecasting of tropical cyclones is presented. Tremendous progress has been made in track forecasting in the past 20 years with the improvement in numerical model guidance and the use of consensus forecasting, and this has contributed to a number of warning centers now issuing five-day track forecasts that are as accurate as three-day forecasts of a decade ago. Techniques are now available to specify the track forecast uncertainty for assessing the risk of a tropical cyclone. With the advent of five-day forecasts, a focus on improved understanding of formation has led to two field experiments. A recent advance has been in extended-range (5-30 days) forecasts of tropical cyclone events (formations and tracks) in the western North Pacific from the ECMWF 32-day ensemble predictions. This advance is a contribution to a goal of seamless forecasting from one day to a season for tropical cyclones. Little progress has been made in intensity forecasting, although the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project in the United States and recent field experiments may offer some future advances. Some advances in forecasting tropical cyclone impacts such as storm surge, surface waves, and precipitation have been achieved. Future opportunities for continued advances are possible such that improved warnings can lead to reductions in losses of lives and minimizing damages from tropical cyclones. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM elsberry@nps.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 22 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 EI 1976-7951 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s13143-014-0001-1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB2WV UT WOS:000331653700002 ER PT J AU Simon, J Kirkwood, CW Keller, LR AF Simon, Jay Kirkwood, Craig W. Keller, L. Robin TI Decision Analysis with Geographically Varying Outcomes: Preference Models and Illustrative Applications SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; GIS; UTILITY AB This paper presents decision analysis methodology for decisions based on data from geographic information systems. The consequences of a decision alternative are modeled as distributions of outcomes across a geographic region. We discuss conditions that may conform with the decision maker's preferences over a specified set of alternatives; then we present specific forms for value or utility functions that are implied by these conditions. Decisions in which there is certainty about the consequences resulting from each alternative are considered first; then probabilistic uncertainty about the consequences is included as an extension. The methodology is applied to two hypothetical urban planning decisions involving water use and temperature reduction in regional urban development, and fire coverage across a city. These examples illustrate the applicability of the approach and the insights that can be gained from using it. C1 [Simon, Jay] Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kirkwood, Craig W.] Arizona State Univ, WP Carey Sch Business, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Keller, L. Robin] Univ Calif Irvine, Paul Merage Sch Business, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Simon, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jrsimon@nps.edu; craig.kirkwood@asu.edu; lrkeller@uci.edu OI Simon, Jay/0000-0003-3377-0987 FU National Science Foundation to the University of California, Irvine; National Science Foundation-funded Decision Center for a Desert City at Arizona State University [SES-0345945] FX The authors thank the area editor, associate editor, two reviewers, and participants in several conferences and university session talks for providing valuable and detailed comments that resulted in substantial improvements to this paper. One reviewer provided especially substantial assistance in improving the theoretical discussion. The authors were supported in part by a dissertation grant from the National Science Foundation to the University of California, Irvine, and grants by the National Science Foundation-funded Decision Center for a Desert City at Arizona State University [SES-0345945]. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 62 IS 1 BP 182 EP 194 DI 10.1287/opre.2013.1217 PG 13 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA AB8AU UT WOS:000332013300012 ER PT J AU Uhan, NA AF Uhan, Nelson A. TI The complexity of egalitarian mechanisms for linear programming games SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Cost sharing mechanisms; Cooperative games; Computational complexity ID COST-SHARING MECHANISMS; TOTALLY BALANCED GAMES; CORE AB We show that the most cost-efficient subset problem for linear programming games is NP-hard, and in fact inapproximable within a constant factor in polynomial time, unless P = NP. This in turn implies that computing the prices output by an egalitarian mechanism and computing a cost allocation in the equal split-off set for linear programming games is NP-hard. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Uhan, NA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM uhan@usna.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 EI 1872-7468 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 42 IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.orl.2013.12.003 PG 6 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA AB6UP UT WOS:000331925300014 ER PT J AU Toriello, A Uhan, NA AF Toriello, Alejandro Uhan, Nelson A. TI Dynamic cost allocation for economic lot sizing games SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Cooperative game; Economic lot sizing; Dynamic allocation AB We consider a cooperative game defined by an economic lot sizing problem with concave ordering costs over a finite time horizon, in which each player faces demand for a single product in each period and coalitions can pool orders. We show how to compute a dynamic cost allocation in the strong sequential core of this game, i.e. an allocation over time that exactly distributes costs and is stable against coalitional defections at every period of the time horizon. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Toriello, Alejandro] Georgia Inst Technol, H Milton Stewart Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Uhan, Nelson A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Toriello, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, H Milton Stewart Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM atoriello3@isye.gatech.edu; uhan@usna.edu FU US National Science Foundation [CMMI 1265616] FX The authors' work was partially supported by the US National Science Foundation via grant CMMI 1265616. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 EI 1872-7468 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 42 IS 1 BP 82 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.orl.2013.12.005 PG 3 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA AB6UP UT WOS:000331925300015 ER PT J AU Kress, M MacKay, NJ AF Kress, Moshe MacKay, Niall J. TI Bits or shots in combat? The generalized Deitchman model of guerrilla warfare SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Military; Combat modeling; Counterinsurgency ID INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS; INSURGENCIES; COUNTERINSURGENCY AB We generalize Deitchman's guerrilla warfare model to account for trade-off between intelligence ('bits') and firepower ('shots'). Intelligent targeting leads to aimed fire; absence of intelligence leads to unaimed fire, dependent on targets' density. We propose a new Lanchester-type model that mixes aimed and unaimed fire, the balance between these being determined by quality of information. We derive the model's conserved quantity, and use it to analyze the trade-off between investments in intelligence and in firepower for example, in counterinsurgency operations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kress, Moshe] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [MacKay, Niall J.] Univ York, Dept Math, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Kress, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mkress@nps.edu; niall.mackay@york.ac.uk FU US Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey FX NJM would like to thank the US Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, for its hospitality and financial support while this work was begun. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 EI 1872-7468 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 42 IS 1 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.orl.2013.08.004 PG 7 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA AB6UP UT WOS:000331925300019 ER PT J AU Angus, JR Umansky, MV AF Angus, Justin R. Umansky, Maxim V. TI Modeling of large amplitude plasma blobs in three-dimensions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID EDGE; TURBULENCE AB Fluctuations in fusion boundary and similar plasmas often have the form of filamentary structures, or blobs, that convectively propagate radially. This may lead to the degradation of plasma facing components as well as plasma confinement. Theoretical analysis of plasma blobs usually takes advantage of the so-called Boussinesq approximation of the potential vorticity equation, which greatly simplifies the treatment analytically and numerically. This approximation is only strictly justified when the blob density amplitude is small with respect to that of the background plasma. However, this is not the case for typical plasma blobs in the far scrape-off layer region, where the background density is small compared to that of the blob, and results obtained based on the Boussinesq approximation are questionable. In this report, the solution of the full vorticity equation, without the usual Boussinesq approximation, is proposed via a novel numerical approach. The method is used to solve for the evolution of 2D and 3D plasma blobs in a regime where the Boussinesq approximation is not valid. The Boussinesq solution under predicts the cross field transport in 2D. However, in 3D, for parameters typical of current tokamaks, the disparity between the radial cross field transport from the Boussinesq approximation and full solution is virtually non-existent due to the effects of the drift wave instability. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Angus, Justin R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Umansky, Maxim V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Angus, JR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Angus, Justin/0000-0003-1474-0002 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2014 VL 21 IS 1 AR 012514 DI 10.1063/1.4863503 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AB2RA UT WOS:000331638600039 ER PT J AU Ganguli, G Tejero, E Crabtree, C Amatucci, W Rudakov, L AF Ganguli, G. Tejero, E. Crabtree, C. Amatucci, W. Rudakov, L. TI Generation of electromagnetic waves in the very low frequency band by velocity gradient SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SHEET BOUNDARY-LAYER; ION HYBRID INSTABILITY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PLASMA; SHEAR; ACCELERATION; IONOSPHERE; TURBULENCE; EVOLUTION AB It is shown that a magnetized plasma layer with a velocity gradient in the flow perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field is unstable to waves in the Very Low Frequency band that spans the ion and electron gyrofrequencies. The waves are formally electromagnetic. However, depending on wave vector (k) over bar = kc/omega(pe) (normalized by the electron skin depth) and the obliqueness, k(perpendicular to)/k(parallel to), where k(perpendicular to,parallel to) are wave vectors perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field, the waves are closer to electrostatic in nature when (k) over bar >> 1 and k(perpendicular to) >> k(parallel to) and electromagnetic otherwise. Inhomogeneous transverse flows are generated in plasma that contains a static electric field perpendicular to the magnetic field, a configuration that may naturally arise in the boundary layer between plasmas of different characteristics. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ganguli, G.; Tejero, E.; Crabtree, C.; Amatucci, W.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rudakov, L.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Gurudas.Ganguli@nrl.navy.mil OI Crabtree, Christopher/0000-0002-6682-9992 FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Research Funds; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by Naval Research Laboratory Base Research Funds and Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Authors thank John Luginsland for careful reading of the manuscript and valuable comments. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2014 VL 21 IS 1 AR 012107 DI 10.1063/1.4862032 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AB2RA UT WOS:000331638600012 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Milchberg, H Nusinovich, G Zigler, A AF Sprangle, P. Hafizi, B. Milchberg, H. Nusinovich, G. Zigler, A. TI Active remote detection of radioactivity based on electromagnetic signatures SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a new concept for the remote detection of radioactive materials. The concept is based on the detection of electromagnetic signatures in the vicinity of radioactive material and can enable stand-off detection at distances greater than 100 m. Radioactive materials emit gamma rays, which ionize the surrounding air. The ionized electrons rapidly attach to oxygen molecules forming O-2(-) ions. The density of O-2(-) around radioactive material can be several orders of magnitude greater than background levels. The elevated population of O-2(-) extends several meters around the radioactive material. Electrons are easily photo-detached from O-2(-) ions by laser radiation. The photo-detached electrons, in the presence of laser radiation, initiate avalanche ionization which results in a rapid increase in electron density. The rise in electron density induces a frequency modulation on a probe beam, which becomes a direct spectral signature for the presence of radioactive material. (C) 2014 Author(s). C1 [Sprangle, P.; Hafizi, B.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sprangle, P.; Milchberg, H.; Nusinovich, G.; Zigler, A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zigler, A.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Zigler, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Nusinovich, Gregory/C-1314-2017 OI Nusinovich, Gregory/0000-0002-8641-5156 FU NRL; Office of Naval Research FX The authors acknowledge useful discussions with Dr. Victor Granatstein and Dr. Carlos Romero-Talamas. The authors also acknowledge useful discussions concerning the air chemistry model with Dr. Richard Fernsler and Dr. Steven Slinker. This work was supported by NRL 6.1 base funds and by the Office of Naval Research. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2014 VL 21 IS 1 AR 013103 DI 10.1063/1.4861633 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AB2RA UT WOS:000331638600057 ER PT J AU Foderaro, G Ferrari, S Wettergren, TA AF Foderaro, Greg Ferrari, Silvia Wettergren, Thomas A. TI Distributed optimal control for multi-agent trajectory optimization SO AUTOMATICA LA English DT Article DE Distributed control; Optimal control; Robot navigation; Multilevel control; Multiscale dynamical systems ID CHARACTERISTIC TIME POINTS; ROBOTS AB This paper presents a novel optimal control problem, referred to as distributed optimal control, that is applicable to multiscale dynamical systems comprised of numerous interacting agents. The system performance is represented by an integral cost function of the macroscopic state that is optimized subject to a hyperbolic partial differential equation known as the advection equation. The microscopic control laws are derived from the optimal macroscopic description using a potential function approach. The optimality conditions of the distributed optimal control problem are first derived analytically and, then, demonstrated numerically through a multi-agent trajectory optimization problem. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Foderaro, Greg; Ferrari, Silvia] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Ferrari, Silvia] Duke Univ, LISC, Durham, NC USA. [Wettergren, Thomas A.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Foderaro, G (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM greg.foderaro@duke.edu; sferrari@duke.edu; t.a.wettergren@ieee.org OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 FU ONR [321] FX This research was funded by the ONR Code 321. The material in this paper was partially presented at the 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), December 15-17, 2010, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Kok Lay Teo under the direction of Editor Ian R. Petersen. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0005-1098 EI 1873-2836 J9 AUTOMATICA JI Automatica PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.automatica.2013.09.014 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA AA9OE UT WOS:000331422000013 ER PT J AU Mohan, AV Fazel, R Huang, PH Shen, YC Howard, D AF Mohan, Arun V. Fazel, Reza Huang, Pei-Hsiu Shen, Yu-Chu Howard, David TI Changes in Geographic Variation in the Use of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Stable Ischemic Heart Disease After Publication of the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) Trial SO CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR QUALITY AND OUTCOMES LA English DT Article DE coronary artery disease; health policy; outcome assessment (health care); percutaneous coronary intervention ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; COMMON SURGICAL-PROCEDURES; POSITIVE PREDICTIVE-VALUE; OPTIMAL MEDICAL THERAPY; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-CANCER; CARE; POPULATION; DIAGNOSIS; PATTERNS AB Background Clinical uncertainty is cited as a cause of geographic variation. However, little is known about the effect of comparative effectiveness research on variation. We examined whether geographic variation in the use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) declined after publication of the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) trial. Methods and Results We examined changes in utilization and geographic variation in 67 hospital referral regions using the State Inpatient Databases. We compared age- and sex-adjusted rates of PCI for SIHD before (2006) and after (2008) publication of the COURAGE trial and compared those with contemporaneous changes in PCI volume for acute coronary syndrome. A total of 272 659 PCIs for SIHD from 526 hospitals were included in the analysis. After the publication of the COURAGE trial, PCI volume for SIHD declined by 25% (P<0.001) and decreased by 12% for acute coronary syndrome (P<0.001). This was predominantly attributable to changes in hospital referral regions with the highest levels of utilization pre-COURAGE trial (35% decline in the highest tertile versus 18% in the lowest). As measured by the systematic component of variation, there was substantial geographic variation in the use of PCI for SIHD preceding the publication of the COURAGE trial. Variation declined by 28% (0.53 versus 0.40) after publication, but geographic variation remained higher for SIHD than acute coronary syndrome (0.40 versus 0.17). Conclusions There was a substantial decline in the use of and geographic variation in PCI for SIHD after the publication of the COURAGE trial. However, geographic variation in the use of PCI for SIHD remained high. C1 Emory Univ Sch Med, Div Hosp Med M & Cardiol R F, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mohan, Arun V.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Hosp Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Fazel, Reza] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Huang, Pei-Hsiu] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Cardiovasc Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Shen, Yu-Chu] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Econ, Monterey, CA USA. [Shen, Yu-Chu] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Howard, David] Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mohan, AV (reprint author), Emory Sch Med, Div Hosp Med, 1365 Clifton Rd,Suite H153, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM arun.mohan@emory.edu NR 53 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1941-7705 EI 1941-7713 J9 CIRC-CARDIOVASC QUAL JI Circ.-Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes PD JAN PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000282 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA AA4MY UT WOS:000331071200018 PM 24347661 ER PT J AU Simons-Morton, DG Chan, JC Kimel, AR Linz, PE Stowe, CL Summerson, J Ambrosius, WT AF Simons-Morton, Denise G. Chan, Jeffrey C. Kimel, Angela R. Linz, Peter E. Stowe, Cynthia L. Summerson, John Ambrosius, Walter T. TI Characteristics associated with informed consent for genetic studies in the ACCORD trial SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE Genetics; Informed consent; Recruitment ID HYPERTENSION-ASSOCIATED TREATMENT; ALPHA-ADDUCIN POLYMORPHISM; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; HIGH BLOOD-PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PERSONALIZED MEDICINE; PREVENTION; RISK; GENOTYPE; THERAPY AB Background: Prior studies found that some groups have lower genetic consent rates than others. Participant consent for genetic studies enables randomized trials to examine effects of interventions compared to control in participants with different genotypes. Methods: Unadjusted and multivariate associations between genetic consent rates and participant, study, and consent characteristics in 9573 participants approached for genetics consent in the multicenter Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial, which used a layered genetics consent. Results: Eighty-nine percent of eligible participants consented to genetic studies ("Any Consent") and 64.7% consented to studies of any genes by any investigator ("Full Consent"), with similar rates in randomized groups. Controlling for multiple characteristics, African-Americans had lower consent rates than others (Any Consent Odds Ratio, OR = 0.62, p = 0.0004; Full Consent OR = 0.67, p < 0.0001). Those with high school or higher education level had higher rates than less than high school graduates (Full Consent ORs 1.41-1.69, p-values < 0.0001). Consent rates were lower when genetics consent was separate from the main trial consent on the same day (Any Consent OR 030; Full Consent OR 0.52, p values < 0.0001) or on a subsequent day (Any Consent OR 0.70, p = 0.0022; Full Consent OR 0.76, p = 0.0002). Conclusion: High rates of consent for genetic studies can be obtained in complex randomized trials, with lower consent rates in African-Americans, in participants with less than high-school education, and for sharing samples with other investigators. A genetics consent separated from the main trial consent was associated with lower consent rates. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Simons-Morton, Denise G.; Chan, Jeffrey C.] NHLBI, Div Cardiovasc Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kimel, Angela R.; Stowe, Cynthia L.; Summerson, John; Ambrosius, Walter T.] Wake Forest Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Linz, Peter E.] US Naval Hosp, Dept Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Simons-Morton, DG (reprint author), NIH, Off Dis Prevent, 6100 Execut Blvd,Suite 2B03,MSC 7523, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM simonsd@nih.gov; jeffreycchan@gmail.com; angiekimel@gmail.com; peter.linz@mercyships.org; cstowe@wakehealth.edu; jsummers@wakehealth.edu; wambrosi@wakehealth.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [N01-HC-95178, N01-HC-95179, N01-HC-95180, N01-HC-95181, N01-HC-95182, N01-HC-95183, N01-HC-95184]; IAA [Y1-HC-9035, Y1-HC-1010] FX This work was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contracts N01-HC-95178, N01-HC-95179, N01-HC-95180, N01-HC-95181, N01-HC-95182, N01-HC-95183, N01-HC-95184, and IAA #Y1-HC-9035 and IAA #Y1-HC-1010. The authors appreciate the contributions of Byron Hoogwerf and Stephen Giddings to the analysis plans for this paper. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 EI 1559-2030 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD JAN PY 2014 VL 37 IS 1 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2013.12.002 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AB0SC UT WOS:000331501400015 PM 24355197 ER PT J AU Yin, P Zhang, JH He, CL Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Yin, Ping Zhang, Jiaheng He, Chunlin Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Polynitro-substituted pyrazoles and triazoles as potential energetic materials and oxidizers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; N-NITROPYRAZOLES; NITROGEN-RICH; SALTS; DERIVATIVES; PERFORMANCE; REARRANGEMENT; AMINATION; STRATEGY; FAMILY AB N-Trinitroethylamino energetic derivatives were obtained from carbon and nitrogen functionalization of nitropyrazoles and nitrotriazoles. N-Trinitroethylamino nitroazoles and N-amino nitroazoles were fully characterized by IR, multinuclear NMR spectra, and elemental analyses. Compounds 10, 11 and 15 were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray structuring. N-Functionalized nitroazoles have moderate to excellent thermal stabilities with good densities. Data based on impact and friction tests show these compounds range from very sensitive to insensitive. Theoretical calculations carried out using Gaussian 03 demonstrate good to excellent detonation pressures and velocities, as well as high specific impulse. C1 [Yin, Ping; Zhang, Jiaheng; He, Chunlin; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu RI Yin, Ping/A-3699-2014 OI Yin, Ping/0000-0002-2870-8225 FU ONR [N00014-12-1-0536, N00014-11-AF-0-0002] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of ONR (N00014-12-1-0536); and (N00014-11-AF-0-0002). NR 57 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2014 VL 2 IS 9 BP 3200 EP 3208 DI 10.1039/c3ta15057g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AA7AE UT WOS:000331248600044 ER PT J AU Lazarus, P Tauris, TM Knispel, B Freire, PCC Deneva, JS Kaspi, VM Allen, B Bogdanov, S Chatterjee, S Stairs, IH Zhu, WW AF Lazarus, P. Tauris, T. M. Knispel, B. Freire, P. C. C. Deneva, J. S. Kaspi, V. M. Allen, B. Bogdanov, S. Chatterjee, S. Stairs, I. H. Zhu, W. W. TI Timing of a young mildly recycled pulsar with a massive white dwarf companion SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; stars: mass-loss; stars: neutron; pulsars: individual: J1952+2630; white dwarfs; X-rays: binaries ID X-RAY BINARIES; COMMON-ENVELOPE EVOLUTION; DISC INSTABILITY MODEL; MILLISECOND PULSARS; RADIO PULSARS; PALFA SURVEY; ORBITAL PERIOD; GALACTIC PLANE; SHAPIRO DELAY; ACCRETION AB We report on timing observations of the recently discovered binary pulsar PSR J1952+2630 using the Arecibo Observatory. The mildly recycled 20.7-ms pulsar is in a 9.4-h orbit with a massive, M-WD > 0.93 M-circle dot, white dwarf (WD) companion. We present, for the first time, a phase-coherent timing solution, with precise spin, astrometric and Keplerian orbital parameters. This shows that the characteristic age of PSR J1952+2630 is 77 Myr, younger by one order of magnitude than any other recycled pulsar-massive WD system. We derive an upper limit on the true age of the system of 150 Myr. We investigate the formation of PSR J1952+2630 using detailed modelling of the mass-transfer process from a naked helium star on to the neutron star following a common-envelope phase (Case BB Roche lobe overflow). From our modelling of the progenitor system, we constrain the accretion efficiency of the neutron star, which suggests a value between 100 and 300 per cent of the Eddington accretion limit. We present numerical models of the chemical structure of a possible oxygen-neon-magnesium WD companion. Furthermore, we calculate the past and the future spin evolution of PSR J1952+2630, until the system merges in about 3.4 Gyr due to gravitational wave emission. Although we detect no relativistic effects in our timing analysis, we show that several such effects will become measurable with continued observations over the next 10 yr; thus, PSR J1952+2630 has potential as a testbed for gravitational theories. C1 [Lazarus, P.; Tauris, T. M.; Freire, P. C. C.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Tauris, T. M.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Knispel, B.; Allen, B.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Knispel, B.; Allen, B.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Deneva, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kaspi, V. M.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Allen, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Bogdanov, S.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Chatterjee, S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Stairs, I. H.; Zhu, W. W.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Lazarus, P (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM plazarus@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de OI Bogdanov, Slavko/0000-0002-9870-2742; Allen, Bruce/0000-0003-4285-6256 FU IMPRS Bonn/Cologne; NSERC PGS-D; Argelander-Insitut fur Astronomie, Universitat Bonn; Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie; Max Planck Society; European Research Council [279702]; NSERC Discovery Grant; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Canada Research Chair; Fonds de Recherche Nature et Technologies; Lorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics; NSERC; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [1104902, 1104617, 1105572, 1148523] FX We thank Norbert Langer for discussions, as well as Jason Hessels and Aristeidis Noutsos for helpful comments. PL acknowledges the support of IMPRS Bonn/Cologne and NSERC PGS-D. TMT gratefully acknowledges the support and hospitality from the Argelander-Insitut fur Astronomie, Universitat Bonn and the Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie. BK acknowledges the support of the Max Planck Society. PCCF gratefully acknowledges financial support by the European Research Council for the ERC Consolidator Grant BEACON under contract no. 279702. VMK was supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, a Canada Research Chair, Fonds de Recherche Nature et Technologies, and the Lorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics. Pulsar research at UBC is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant and Discovery Accelerator Supplement.; The Arecibo Observatory is operated by SRI International under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (AST-1100968), and in alliance with Ana G. Mendez-Universidad Metropolitana, and the Universities Space Research Association. E@H is supported by the Max Planck Society and US National Science Foundation (NSF) grants 1104902, 1104617, 1105572 and 1148523. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 437 IS 2 BP 1485 EP 1494 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt1996 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AB2IS UT WOS:000331617000034 ER PT S AU Truscott, TT Epps, BP Belden, J AF Truscott, Tadd T. Epps, Brenden P. Belden, Jesse BE Davis, SH Moin, P TI Water Entry of Projectiles SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS, VOL 46 SE Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE free-surface impact; air entraining; supercavitating; cavity formation; sphere; bullet; ballistics ID LOW FROUDE NUMBERS; CAVITY DYNAMICS; FREE-SURFACE; SPHERICAL PROJECTILES; INITIAL-STAGE; SOLID SPHERE; IMPACT; UNDERWATER; RICOCHET; CAVITATION AB The free-surface impact of solid objects has been investigated for well over a century. This canonical problem is influenced by many physical parameters, including projectile geometry, material properties, fluid properties, and impact parameters. Through advances in high-speed imaging and visualization techniques, discoveries about the underlying physics have improved our understanding of these phenomena. Improvements to analytical and numerical models have led to critical insights into cavity formation, the depth and time of pinch-off, forces, and trajectories for myriad different impact parameters. This topic spans a wide range of regimes, from low-speed entry phenomena dominated by surface tension to high-speed ballistics, for which cavitation is important. This review surveys experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies over this broad range, utilizing canonical images where possible to enhance intuition and insight into the rich phenomena. C1 [Truscott, Tadd T.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Epps, Brenden P.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Belden, Jesse] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Truscott, TT (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM truscott@byu.edu RI Epps, Brenden/B-1641-2016 OI Epps, Brenden/0000-0002-7919-2652 NR 81 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 8 U2 54 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4189 BN 978-0-8243-0746-2 J9 ANNU REV FLUID MECH JI Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. PY 2014 VL 46 BP 355 EP 378 DI 10.1146/annurev-fluid-011212-140753 PG 24 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA BJR50 UT WOS:000329820100015 ER PT J AU Nguyen, GD Kompella, S Kam, C AF Nguyen, Gam D. Kompella, Sastry Kam, Clement TI Achievable Throughput under BER Constraints via Transmission Scheduling and Multiuser Detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Transmission schedules; throughput; interference; CDMA; multiuser detection; BER; bit rate; decorrelating detector; Rayleigh channel fading ID SENSE MULTIPLE-ACCESS; RADIO CHANNELS AB We evaluate the throughput that can be achieved under BER constraints by combined use of transmission scheduling and multiuser detection. A schedule is a rule that specifies which subset of users is allowed to simultaneously transmit in a time slot. These subsets of overlapping transmissions, which can vary in different time slots of the transmission frame, are decoded by receivers equipped with multiuser detection. The goal is to find the largest such subsets under the requirement that each transmission satisfies a BER constraint. The joint problem of scheduling and multiuser-detection is highly complex in general. However, for certain class of multiuser detectors, the problem has efficient and optimal solution. By constructing transmission schedules that directly reflect the performance and exploit the capability of the multiuser detection receivers, as expected, multiuser detection-based scheduling significantly outperforms other methods such as TDMA and the conventional single-user detection-based scheduling. C1 [Nguyen, Gam D.; Kompella, Sastry; Kam, Clement] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nguyen, GD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gam.nguyen@nrl.navy.mil; sastry.kompella@nrl.navy.mil; clement.kam@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 EI 1558-2248 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 13 IS 1 BP 124 EP 131 DI 10.1109/TWC.2013.120313.121798 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AA2RL UT WOS:000330941700013 ER PT J AU Hwang, WS Tahy, K Zhao, P Nyakiti, LO Wheeler, VD Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Xing, H Seabaugh, A Jena, D AF Hwang, Wan Sik Tahy, Kristof Zhao, Pei Nyakiti, Luke O. Wheeler, Virginia D. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Gaskill, D. Kurt Xing, Huili (Grace) Seabaugh, Alan Jena, Debdeep TI Electronic transport properties of top-gated epitaxial-graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors on SiC wafers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID THERMAL TRANSPORT AB Top-gated epitaxial-graphene nanoribbon (GNR) field-effect transistors on SiC wafers were fabricated and characterized at room temperature. The devices exhibited extremely high current densities (similar to 10 000 mA/mm) due to the combined advantages of the one-dimensionality of GNRs and the SiC substrate. These advantages included good heat dissipation as well as the high optical phonon energy of the GNRs and SiC substrate. An analytical model explains the measured family of I-D-V-DS curves with a pronounced 'kink' at a high electric field. The effective carrier mobility as a function of the channel length was extracted from both the I-D-V-DS modeling and the maximum transconductance from the I-D-V-GS curve. The effective mobility decreased for small channel lengths (<1 mu m), exhibiting ballistic or quasiballistic transport properties. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Hwang, Wan Sik; Tahy, Kristof; Zhao, Pei; Xing, Huili (Grace); Seabaugh, Alan; Jena, Debdeep] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Hwang, Wan Sik] Korea Aerosp Univ, Dept Mat Engn MRI, Goyang 412791, South Korea. [Nyakiti, Luke O.; Wheeler, Virginia D.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nyakiti, Luke O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Engn, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. RP Hwang, WS (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM whwang@kau.ac.kr; djena@nd.edu FU Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC); Nanoelectronics Research Initiative (NRI); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) through the Midwest Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery (MIND); STARnet, an SRC program; MARCO; DARPA; Office of Naval Research (ONR); National Science Foundation (NSF); American Society for Engineering Education/Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Program; ONR FX This work was supported by the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC), Nanoelectronics Research Initiative (NRI), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) through the Midwest Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery (MIND), STARnet, an SRC program sponsored by MARCO and DARPA, and by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the National Science Foundation (NSF). L. O. Nyakiti acknowledges the support of the American Society for Engineering Education/Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Program. Work at the US Naval Research Laboratory was supported by ONR. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 38 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN PY 2014 VL 32 IS 1 AR 012202 DI 10.1116/1.4861379 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA AA0GT UT WOS:000330774300027 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Johnson, MR Smith, DJ Meyer, DJ Storm, DF Katzer, DS Downey, BP AF Zhou, Lin Johnson, Michael R. Smith, David J. Meyer, David J. Storm, David F. Katzer, Douglas Scott Downey, Brian P. TI Microstructure of Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contacts for N-polar GaN/AlGaN high electron mobility transistor devices SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID GAN; TI/AL; HEMTS; LAYER AB The microstructure of Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contacts on N-polar GaN/AlGaN high electron mobility transistor heterostructures annealed from 800 degrees C to 900 degrees C has been studied using transmission electron microscopy and associated analytical techniques. Two ohmic metal stacks with different Ti/Al/Ni/Au layer thicknesses (20/200/40/50 nm and 20/100/10/50 nm) have been examined. Samples with low ohmic contact resistance after annealing were found to have two common characteristics: (1) the top GaN channel layer had completely reacted with Ti metal to form a polycrystalline TiN layer and (2) a similar to 5 nm-thick Au-rich layer was present near the TiN/AlGaN interface. Possible conduction mechanisms related to the presence of Au in low ohmic contact resistance samples are discussed. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Zhou, Lin; Johnson, Michael R.; Smith, David J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Meyer, David J.; Storm, David F.; Katzer, Douglas Scott; Downey, Brian P.] Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhou, L (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM linzhou@asu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate Technical Area Task [HC1047-05-D-4005, 117]; Office of Naval Research FX The electron microscopy studies at Arizona State University (L.Z. and D.J.S.) were carried out under contract to Wyle Laboratories as part of Reliability Information Analysis Center (RIAC) Contract HC1047-05-D-4005 (Monitor: Stephen Tetlak), under the Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate Technical Area Task 117 (Monitor: Chris Bozada). The work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The authors also acknowledge use of facilities in the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy at Arizona State University. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 27 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN PY 2014 VL 32 IS 1 AR 011201 DI 10.1116/1.4829878 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA AA0GT UT WOS:000330774300004 ER PT J AU Schramm, HC Dimitrov, NB AF Schramm, Harrison C. Dimitrov, Nedialko B. TI Differential equation models for sharp threshold dynamics SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Differential equation model; Epidemic model; Sharp thresholds ID EPIDEMIC MODELS; NETWORKS; SPREAD AB We develop an extension to differential equation models of dynamical systems to allow us to analyze probabilistic threshold dynamics that fundamentally and globally change system behavior. We apply our novel modeling approach to two cases of interest: a model of infectious disease modified for malware where a detection event drastically changes dynamics by introducing a new class in competition with the original infection: and the Lanchester model of armed conflict, where the loss of a key capability drastically changes the effectiveness of one of the sides. We derive and demonstrate a step-by-step, repeatable method for applying our novel modeling approach to an arbitrary system, and we compare the resulting differential equations to simulations of the system's random progression. Our work leads to a simple and easily implemented method for analyzing probabilistic threshold dynamics using differential equations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Schramm, Harrison C.; Dimitrov, Nedialko B.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93950 USA. RP Schramm, HC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93950 USA. EM harrison.schramm@gmail.com NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0025-5564 EI 1879-3134 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 247 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.mbs.2013.10.009 PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA AA5SB UT WOS:000331158800003 PM 24184349 ER PT J AU Friedman, AL van't Erve, OMJ Li, CH Robinson, JT Jonker, BT AF Friedman, Adam L. van't Erve, Olaf M. J. Li, Connie H. Robinson, Jeremy T. Jonker, Berend T. TI Homoepitaxial tunnel barriers with functionalized graphene-on-graphene for charge and spin transport SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID INJECTION; DEVICES; LAYERS AB The coupled imperatives for reduced heat dissipation and power consumption in high-density electronics have rekindled interest in devices based on tunnelling. Such devices require mating dissimilar materials, raising issues of heteroepitaxy, layer uniformity, interface stability and electronic states that severely complicate fabrication and compromise performance. Twodimensional materials such as graphene obviate these issues and offer a new paradigm for tunnel barriers. Here we demonstrate a homoepitaxial tunnel barrier structure in which graphene serves as both the tunnel barrier and the high-mobility transport channel. We fluorinate the top layer of a graphene bilayer to decouple it from the bottom layer, so that it serves as a single-monolayer tunnel barrier for both charge and spin injection into the lower graphene channel. We demonstrate high spin injection efficiency with a tunnelling spin polarization >60%, lateral transport of spin currents in non-local spin-valve structures and determine spin lifetimes with the Hanle effect. C1 [Friedman, Adam L.; van't Erve, Olaf M. J.; Li, Connie H.; Jonker, Berend T.] US Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Robinson, Jeremy T.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friedman, AL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM adam.friedman@nrl.navy.mil RI Friedman, Adam/D-9610-2011; Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010 OI Friedman, Adam/0000-0003-0597-5432; FU core programs at NRL FX This work was supported by core programs at NRL. The authors gratefully acknowledge use of the facilities in the NRL Nanoscience Institute, and thank David Zapotok and Dean St. Amand for continual technical support. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 62 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 5 AR 3161 DI 10.1038/ncomms4161 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AA4YU UT WOS:000331103400010 PM 24445349 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Fischer, J Gracia-Carpio, J Falstad, N Sturm, E Melendez, M Spoon, HWW Verma, A Davies, RI Lutz, D Aalto, S Polisensky, E Poglitsch, A Veilleux, S Contursi, A AF Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Fischer, J. Gracia-Carpio, J. Falstad, N. Sturm, E. Melendez, M. Spoon, H. W. W. Verma, A. Davies, R. I. Lutz, D. Aalto, S. Polisensky, E. Poglitsch, A. Veilleux, S. Contursi, A. TI The Mrk 231 molecular outflow as seen in OH SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE line: formation; galaxies: ISM; ISM: jets and outflows; infrared: galaxies; galaxies: individual: Mrk 231 ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; MASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; STAR-FORMATION; HERSCHEL-PACS; ARP 220; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; O-18/O-17 RATIOS; COLOGNE DATABASE; ISOTOPIC-RATIOS AB We report on the Herschel/PACS observations of OH in Mrk 231, with detections in nine doublets observed within the PACS range, and present radiative-transfer models for the outflowing OH. Clear signatures of outflowing gas are found in up to six OH doublets with different excitation requirements. At least two outflowing components are identified, one with OH radiatively excited, and the other with low excitation, presumably spatially extended and roughly spherical. Particularly prominent, the blue wing of the absorption detected in the in-ladder (2)Pi(3/2) J = 9/2-7/2 OH doublet at 65 mu m, with E-lower = 290 K, indicates that the excited outflowing gas is generated in a compact and warm (circum) nuclear region. Because the excited, outflowing OH gas in Mrk 231 is associated with the warm, far-infrared continuum source, it is most likely more compact (diameter of similar to 200-300 pc) than that probed by CO and HCN. Nevertheless, its mass-outflow rate per unit of solid angle as inferred from OH is similar to that previously derived from CO, greater than or similar to 70 x (2.5 x 10(-6)/X-OH) M-circle dot yr(-1) sr(-1), where X-OH is the OH abundance relative to H nuclei. In spherical symmetry, this would correspond to greater than or similar to 850 x (2.5 x 10(-6)/X-OH) M-circle dot yr(-1), though significant collimation is inferred from the line profiles. The momentum flux of the excited component attains similar to 15 L-AGN/c, with an OH column density of (1.5-3) x 10(17) cm(-2) and a mechanical luminosity of similar to 10(11) L-circle dot. In addition, the detection of very excited, radiatively pumped OH peaking at central velocities indicates the presence of a nuclear reservoir of gas rich in OH, plausibly the 130 pc scale circumnuclear torus previously detected in OH megamaser emission, that may be feeding the outflow. An exceptional (OH)-O-18 enhancement, with OH/(OH)-O-18 less than or similar to 30 at both central and blueshifted velocities, is most likely the result of interstellar-medium processing by recent starburst and supernova activity within the circumnuclear torus or thick disk. C1 [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala De Henares, Dept Fis & Matemat, Madrid 28871, Spain. [Fischer, J.; Polisensky, E.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gracia-Carpio, J.; Sturm, E.; Davies, R. I.; Lutz, D.; Poglitsch, A.; Contursi, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Falstad, N.; Aalto, S.] Chalmers, Onsala Space Observ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-43900 Onsala, Sweden. [Melendez, M.; Veilleux, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Spoon, H. W. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Verma, A.] Univ Oxford, Oxford Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Gonzalez-Alfonso, E (reprint author), Univ Alcala De Henares, Dept Fis & Matemat, Campus Univ, Madrid 28871, Spain. EM eduardo.gonzalez@uah.es FU BMVIT (Austria); ESA-PRODEX (Belgium); CEA/CNES (France); DLR (Germany); ASI/INAF (Italy); CICYT/MCYT (Spain); Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [AYA2010-21697-C05-0, FIS2012-39162-C06-01]; US ONR; NHSC; NASA [RSA 1427277]; NASA; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM(France); MPIA (Germany); INAFIFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy); IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). E.G.-A. is a Research Associate at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for support under projects AYA2010-21697-C05-0 and FIS2012-39162-C06-01. Basic research in IR astronomy at NRL is funded by the US ONR; J.F. and H.W.W.S. also acknowledge support from the NHSC. S.V. thanks NASA for partial support of this research via Research Support Agreement RSA 1427277, support from a Senior NPP Award from NASA, and his host institution, the Goddard Space Flight Center, and acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for a renewed visit to Germany following the original 2009 award. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System (ADS) and of GILDAS software (http://www.iram.fr/IRAMFR/GILDAS). NR 63 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 561 AR A27 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201321709 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 302EG UT WOS:000330584000027 ER PT J AU Vacca, V Feretti, L Giovannini, G Govoni, F Murgia, M Perley, RA Clarke, TE AF Vacca, V. Feretti, L. Giovannini, G. Govoni, F. Murgia, M. Perley, R. A. Clarke, T. E. TI Spectral index image of the radio halo in the cluster Abell 520, which hosts the famous bow shock SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 520; magnetic fields; large-scale structure of Universe ID MERGING GALAXY CLUSTER; VLA SKY SURVEY; COMA CLUSTER; MAGNETIC-FIELD; LOW-FREQUENCY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; MERGER SHOCKS; DARK CORE; X-RAYS; EMISSION AB Context. Synchrotron-radio emission has been detected from an increasing number of galaxy clusters. Spectral index images are a powerful tool for investigating the origin and nature of these sources, and their connection with the dynamical state of the cluster. Aims. The aim of this work is to investigate the spectral index distribution of the radio halo in the galaxy cluster A520, known to be a complex system from an optical, radio, and X-ray point of view. Methods. We present deep Very Large Array observations in total intensity at 325 and 1400 MHz. We produced and analyzed spectral index images of the radio halo in this frequency range at a resolution of 39" and 60" and determined possible correlations with the thermal properties of the cluster. Results. We found an integrated radio-halo spectral index alpha(1400)(325) similar to 1.12. No strong radial steepening is present and the spectral index distribution is intrinsically complex with fluctuations only partially due to measurement errors. The radio-halo-integrated spectral index and the cluster temperature follow the general trend observed in other galaxy clusters, although a strong point-to-point correlation between the spectral index and the thermal gas temperature has not been observed. Conclusions. The complex morphology in the spectral index image of the radio halo in A520 agrees with the primary models for radio-halo formation. The flatness of the radial profile suggests that the merger is still ongoing and is uniformly and continuously (re-) accelerating the population of relativistic electrons responsible of the radio emission even at large (similar to 1 Mpc) distances from the cluster center. C1 [Vacca, V.; Giovannini, G.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Vacca, V.; Feretti, L.; Giovannini, G.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Govoni, F.; Murgia, M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, I-09047 Selargius, CA, Italy. [Perley, R. A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Clarke, T. E.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vacca, V (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM vvacca@ira.inaf.it OI Feretti, Luigina/0000-0003-0312-6285; Murgia, Matteo/0000-0002-4800-0806; Vacca, Valentina/0000-0003-1997-0771; Govoni, Federica/0000-0003-3644-3084; Giovannini, Gabriele/0000-0003-4916-6362 FU PRININAF; 6.1 Base funding FX We thank the referee for helpful comments and suggestions that improved the paper. The research was partially supported by PRININAF2009. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) is a facility of the National Science Foundation, operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 Base funding. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 561 AR A52 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201322504 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 302EG UT WOS:000330584000052 ER PT J AU Morabito, MG AF Morabito, Michael Gorts TI Study of the two-dimensional spray formed near a discontinuity using the Helmholtz-Kirchoff theory of free jets SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Spray; Planing; Hydrodynamics; Supercavitating; Hydrofoil ID SURFACE AB The Helmholtz-Kirchoff theory of free jets is used to develop a linearized potential flow solution for the fluid flow near the leading edge of a two-dimensional flat surface. This flow region is important in fluid-structure interaction problems in which spray is formed at an air-water interface near a discontinuity such as an edge or a corner. Potential uses of the results include studies of the spray formed near the chines of planing boats, ship bow slamming, ventilated or cavitating hydrofoils and wave impacts on breakwaters. The conformal transformations using the Helmholtz-Kirchoff theory are shown to be identical to previously published expressions using the Chaplygin method. In the past, this solution has been used in matched asymptotic expansions for complex problems such as determining the lift on a planing flat plate with a spoiler or studying the flow about a curved flat plate. Here, the solution near the spray root is explored further and computations are made of the free surface profile and the pressure distribution as a function of the spray angle, demonstrating the primary characteristics of this flow. The results are qualitatively compared with photographs from towing tank model experiments and an example problem is given. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Naval Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Morabito, MG (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, 590 Holloway Rd,MS 11D, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM morabito@usna.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 75 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.11.007 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AA2IZ UT WOS:000330919600004 ER PT J AU Cunningham, PD Boercker, JE Placencia, D Tischler, JG AF Cunningham, Paul D. Boercker, Janice E. Placencia, Diogenes Tischler, Joseph G. TI Anisotropic Absorption in PbSe Nanorods SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE PbSe; nanorods; polarization memory; absorption; anisotropy; local field; dielectric contrast; Maxwell-Garnett ID MULTIPLE EXCITON GENERATION; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; POLARIZATION ANISOTROPIES; COLLOIDAL NANOSTRUCTURES; MULTIEXCITON GENERATION; ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION; AUGER RECOMBINATION; ASPECT RATIO; SOLAR-CELL AB We present absorption anisotropy measurements in PbSe wnanostructures. This is accomplished via a new means of measuring absorption anisotropy in randomly oriented solution ensembles of nanostructures via pump-probe spectroscopy, which exploits the polarization memory effect. We observe isotropic absorption in nanocrystals and anisotropic absorption in nanorods, which increases upon elongation from aspect ratio 1 to 4 and is constant for longer nanorods. The measured volume-normalized absorption cross section is 1.8 +/- 0.3 times larger for parallel pump and probe polarizations in randomly oriented nanorods as compared to nanocrystals. We show that this enhancement would be larger than an order of magnitude for aligned nanorods. Despite being in the strong quantum confinement regime, the aspect ratio dependence of the absorption anisotropy in PbSe nanorods is described classically by the effects of dielectric contrast on an anisotropic nanostructure. These results imply that the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium can be used to influence the optoelectronic properties of nanorods, including polarized absorption and emission, phonon modes, multiple exciton generation efficiency, and Auger recombination rate. C1 [Cunningham, Paul D.; Boercker, Janice E.; Placencia, Diogenes; Tischler, Joseph G.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cunningham, PD (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.cunningham@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is gratefully acknowledged for their financial support of this work. D.P. acknowledges the Nation Research Council research associates program. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 581 EP 590 DI 10.1021/nn405184j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 301OX UT WOS:000330542900059 PM 24377267 ER PT J AU Yeom, J Ratchford, D Field, CR Brintlinger, TH Pehrsson, PE AF Yeom, Junghoon Ratchford, Daniel Field, Christopher R. Brintlinger, Todd H. Pehrsson, Pehr E. TI Decoupling Diameter and Pitch in Silicon Nanowire Arrays Made by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE silicon nanowires; chemical etching; nanosphere lithography; polystyrene ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ASPECT-RATIO; SOLAR-CELLS; ORDERED ARRAYS; POROUS SILICON; FABRICATION; LITHOGRAPHY; POLYSTYRENE; NANOPARTICLES; PERFORMANCE AB The fabrication of well-separated, narrow, and relatively smooth silicon nanowires with good periodicity is demonstrated, using non-close-packed arrays of nanospheres with precisely controlled diameters, pitch, and roughness. Controlled reactive ion etching in an inductively coupled plasma reduces the self-assembled nanospheres to approximately a tenth of their original diameter, while retaining their surface smoothness and periodic placement. A titanium adhesion layer between the silicon substrate and gold film allows much thinner catalyst layers to be continuous, facilitating the film liftoff and formation of the perforated pattern without influencing catalyzed etching of silicon. Using these methods, a periodic array of silicon nanowires with a large pitch and small diameter (e.g., a 490 nm pitch and 55 nm diameter) is created, a combination not typically found in the open literature. This approach extends the types and quality of silicon nanostructures that can be fabricated using the combined nanosphere lithography and metal-assisted chemical etching techniques. C1 [Yeom, Junghoon; Ratchford, Daniel] US Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council Res, Associateship Program, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Field, Christopher R.; Pehrsson, Pehr E.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brintlinger, Todd H.] US Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yeom, J (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council Res, Associateship Program, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pehr.pehrsson@nrl.navy.mil NR 78 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 7 U2 100 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 1 BP 106 EP 116 DI 10.1002/adfm.201301094 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 302GB UT WOS:000330589300011 ER PT J AU McGill, A Conlin, AM Sevick, C Bukowinski, A Levine, J You, W AF McGill, April Conlin, Ava Marie Sevick, Carter Bukowinski, Anna Levine, Jordan You, Whitney TI Racial disparities in growth restriction in a single payer healthcare system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 34th Annual Scientific Pregnancy Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY FEB 03-08, 2014 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med C1 [McGill, April; You, Whitney] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Conlin, Ava Marie; Sevick, Carter; Bukowinski, Anna; Levine, Jordan] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 EI 1097-6868 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 210 IS 1 SU S BP S262 EP S263 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 298KK UT WOS:000330322600534 ER PT J AU Rosenfeld, D Chemke, R Prather, K Suski, K Comstock, JM Schmid, B Tomlinson, J Jonsson, H AF Rosenfeld, Daniel Chemke, Rei Prather, Kimberly Suski, Kaitlyn Comstock, Jennifer M. Schmid, Beat Tomlinson, Jason Jonsson, Haflidi TI Polluting of winter convective clouds upon transition from ocean inland over central California: Contrasting case studies SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cloud-aerosol interactions; Precipitation suppression ID OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION SUPPRESSION; MASS-SPECTRAL SIGNATURES; AIR-POLLUTION; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; VEHICLE EMISSIONS; MIXING STATE; PARTICLES; AEROSOLS; SPECTROMETRY AB In-situ aircraft measurements of aerosol chemical and cloud microphysical properties were conducted during the CalWater campaign in February and March 2011 over the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the coastal waters of central California. The main objective was to elucidate the impacts of aerosol properties on clouds and precipitation forming processes. In order to accomplish this, we compared contrasting cases of clouds that ingested aerosols from different sources. The results showed that clouds containing pristine oceanic air had low cloud drop concentrations and started to develop rain 500 m above their base. This occurred both over the ocean and over the Sierra Nevada, mainly in the early morning when the radiatively cooled stable continental boundary layer was decoupled from the cloud base. Supercooled rain dominated the precipitation that formed in growing convective clouds in the pristine air, up to the -21 degrees C isotherm level. A contrasting situation was documented in the afternoon over the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, when the clouds ingested high pollution aerosol concentrations produced in the Central Valley. This led to slow growth of the cloud drop effective radius with height and suppressed and even prevented the initiation of warm rain while contributing to the development of ice hydrometeors in the form of graupel. Our results show that cloud condensation and ice nuclei were the limiting factors that controlled warm rain and ice processes, respectively, while the unpolluted clouds in the same air mass produced precipitation quite efficiently. These findings provide the motivation for deeper investigations into the nature of the aerosols seeding clouds. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosenfeld, Daniel; Chemke, Rei] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Prather, Kimberly; Suski, Kaitlyn] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Comstock, Jennifer M.; Schmid, Beat; Tomlinson, Jason] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Jonsson, Haflidi] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Rosenfeld, D (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM daniel.rosenfeld@huji.ac.il RI Rosenfeld, Daniel/F-6077-2016; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008 OI Rosenfeld, Daniel/0000-0002-0784-7656; Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890 FU California Energy Commission (CEC); CEC; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (BER) Atmospheric System Research program FX The CalWater project was funded by the California Energy Commission (CEC). The G-1 aircraft was operated by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory with funds from CEC. The PI of the CalWater project is Dr. Kimberly Prather. I thank the many people who worked hard to fund, plan and execute the field campaign. Special thanks are due to the aircraft scientists and pilots. This study was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (BER) Atmospheric System Research program. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 135 BP 112 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.09.006 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 296RR UT WOS:000330203600009 ER PT J AU Harding, LW Batiuk, RA Fisher, TR Gallegos, CL Malone, TC Miller, WD Mulholland, MR Paerl, HW Perry, ES Tango, P AF Harding, L. W., Jr. Batiuk, R. A. Fisher, T. R. Gallegos, C. L. Malone, T. C. Miller, W. D. Mulholland, M. R. Paerl, H. W. Perry, E. S. Tango, P. TI Scientific Bases for Numerical Chlorophyll Criteria in Chesapeake Bay SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Phytoplankton; Chlorophyll; Water quality criteria; Estuaries; Chesapeake Bay ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT; WATER-QUALITY; COCHLODINIUM-POLYKRIKOIDES; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; COASTAL WATERS; RIVER FLOW; ESTUARIES; TRIBUTARIES; EUTROPHICATION AB In coastal ecosystems with long flushing times (weeks to months) relative to phytoplankton growth rates (hours to days), chlorophyll a (chl-a) integrates nutrient loading, making it a pivotal indicator with broad implications for ecosystem function and water-quality management. However, numerical chl-a criteria that capture the linkage between chl-a and ecosystem impairments associated with eutrophication (e.g., hypoxia, water clarity and loss of submerged aquatic vegetation, toxic algal blooms) have seldom been developed despite the vulnerability of these ecosystems to anthropogenic nutrient loading. Increases in fertilizer use, animal wastes, and population growth in the Chesapeake Bay watershed since World War II have led to increases in nutrient loading and chl-a. We describe the development of numerical chl-a criteria based on long-term research and monitoring of the bay. Baseline chl-a concentrations were derived using statistical models for historical data from the 1960s and 1970s, including terms to account for the effects of climate variability. This approach produced numerical chl-a criteria presented as geometric means and 90th percentile thresholds to be used as goals and compliance limits, respectively. We present scientific bases for these criteria that consider specific ecosystem impairments linked to increased chl-a, including low dissolved oxygen (DO), reduced water clarity, and toxic algal blooms. These multiple lines of evidence support numerical chl-a criteria consisting of seasonal mean chl-a across salinity zones ranging from 1.4 to 15 mg m(-3) as restoration goals and corresponding thresholds ranging from 4.3 to 45 mg m(-3) as compliance limits. Attainment of these goals and limits for chl-a is a precondition for attaining desired levels of DO, water clarity, and toxic phytoplankton prior to rapid human expansion in the watershed and associated increases of nutrient loading. C1 [Harding, L. W., Jr.; Fisher, T. R.; Malone, T. C.] Univ Maryland Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Harding, L. W., Jr.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Batiuk, R. A.] US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Gallegos, C. L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Miller, W. D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mulholland, M. R.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Paerl, H. W.] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Tango, P.] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Harding, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM lharding@atmos.ucla.edu RI Mulholland, Margaret/E-8480-2011; OI Mulholland, Margaret/0000-0001-8819-189X; Gallegos, Charles/0000-0001-5112-0166; Miller, W. David/0000-0002-4940-5987 FU NSF Biological Oceanography Program; NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program Office; NASA Land-Use Land-Cover Change Program; NSF Ecosystems Science Programs; NSF Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology Program; Virginia Environmental Endowment; North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, ModMon and FerryMon Projects FX LWH was supported by the NSF Biological Oceanography Program and the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program Office. TRF was supported by the NASA Land-Use Land-Cover Change Program and the NSF Ecosystems Science Programs. MRM was supported by the NSF Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology Program and the Virginia Environmental Endowment. HWP was supported by the NSF Biological Oceanography Program and the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, ModMon and FerryMon Projects. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2014 VL 37 IS 1 BP 134 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s12237-013-9656-6 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 302FP UT WOS:000330588000010 ER PT J AU Marcillo, O Arrowsmith, S Whitaker, R Anderson, D Nippress, A Green, DN Drob, D AF Marcillo, Omar Arrowsmith, Stephen Whitaker, Rod Anderson, Dale Nippress, Alexandra Green, David N. Drob, Douglas TI Using physics-based priors in a Bayesian algorithm to enhance infrasound source location SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Probability distributions; Guided waves; Acoustic properties ID PROPAGATION; ATMOSPHERE; EXPLOSIONS; MORPHOLOGY; WAVES AB We show improvements in the precision of the Bayesian infrasound source localization (BISL) method by incorporating semi-empirical model-based prior information. Given a set of back-azimuths and delay times at >= 2 arrays, BISL scans a parameter space (that comprises the horizontal coordinates, celerity and origin time) for the most likely solution. A key element of BISL is its flexibility; the method allows the incorporation of prior information to constrain the parameters. Our research focuses on generating model-based propagation catalogues using a comprehensive set of atmospheric scenarios, extracting celerity distributions based on range and azimuth from the catalogues and using these distributions as prior probability density functions to enhance the location solution from BISL. To illustrate the improvements in source location precision, we compare the BISL results computed using uniform celerity distribution priors with those using enhanced priors; as applied to: (1) a set of events recorded across a regional network and (2) a large accidental chemical explosion recorded by six infrasound arrays in Eurasia. Finally, we discuss efforts to improve the numerical implementation of BISL by expanding the parameter space to cover a richer set of parameters that can include station-specific celerity distributions. C1 [Marcillo, Omar; Arrowsmith, Stephen; Whitaker, Rod; Anderson, Dale] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nippress, Alexandra; Green, David N.] AWE Blacknest, Reading, Berks, England. [Drob, Douglas] US Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marcillo, O (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM omarcillo@lanl.gov RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory; Office of Naval Research FX We thank Leslie Casey for funding this work. This work was completed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory. DPD acknowledges support from Office of Naval Research. The GEOS-5 data utilized in conjunction with other data sources in the NRL G2S atmospheric specification for the two examples was provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center through the online data portal in the NASA Center for Climate Simulation. The NOAA GFS, also utilized in the G2S specifications, was obtained from NOAA's National Operational Model Archive and Distribution System (NOMADS), which is maintained at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). We would like to thank Junghyun Park and Brian Stump for providing us with the information for the events used in Section 4.1. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 196 IS 1 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1093/gji/ggt353 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 301MH UT WOS:000330535900026 ER PT J AU Pearson, WH AF Pearson, Wayne H. TI A General Chemistry Laboratory Experiment Relating Electron Configuration and Magnetic Behavior SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE High School/Introductory Chemistry; First-Year Undergraduate/General; Laboratory Instruction; Physical Chemistry; Collaborative/Cooperative Learning; Hands-On Learning/Manipulatives; Inquiry-Based/Discovery Learning; Atomic Properties/Structure; Magnetic Properties AB During the time that students spend studying the fundamentals of quantum chemistry and chemical bonding, there are few laboratory experiments that can be performed to reinforce their learning. A simple experiment has been developed to afford students the opportunity to practice writing electron configurations for atoms and ions while relating the configurations to observed diamagnetic and paramagnetic properties of different chemical compounds. Assessment of common exam questions in our fall semester course indicates an improvement in student performance in correctly identifying electron configurations. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Pearson, WH (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wpearson@usna.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 EI 1938-1328 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 91 IS 1 BP 116 EP 118 DI 10.1021/ed300545y PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 296CF UT WOS:000330162000023 ER PT J AU Ragni, M Khemlani, S Johnson-Laird, PN AF Ragni, Marco Khemlani, Sangeet Johnson-Laird, P. N. TI The evaluation of the consistency of quantified assertions SO MEMORY & COGNITION LA English DT Article DE Consistency; Inconsistency; Mental models; Logic; Reasoning ID PREFERRED MENTAL MODELS; SPATIAL RELATIONS; INFERENCE AB Consistency is a hallmark of rationality, and this article reports three experiments examining how reasoners determine the consistency of quantified assertions about the properties of individuals-for example, All of the actors are waiters. The mental model theory postulates that reasoners determine consistency by trying to construct a model of all of the assertions in a set. As the theory predicts, consistency is easier to establish when many different sorts of individuals satisfy the assertions (Exp. 1), when the predicted initial mental model satisfies them (Exp. 2), and otherwise when the model satisfying them is not too distant from the initial model, according to Levenshtein's metric (Exp. 3). C1 [Ragni, Marco] Univ Freiburg, Ctr Cognit Sci, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany. [Khemlani, Sangeet] Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Johnson-Laird, P. N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Psychol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Johnson-Laird, P. N.] NYU, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Ragni, M (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Ctr Cognit Sci, Friedrichstr 50, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany. EM ragni@cognition.uni-freiburg.de; skhemlani@gmail.com; phil@princeton.edu NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-502X EI 1532-5946 J9 MEM COGNITION JI Mem. Cogn. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 42 IS 1 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.3758/s13421-013-0349-y PG 14 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 296UD UT WOS:000330210000005 PM 23873210 ER PT J AU Ge, C Wang, J Reid, JS AF Ge, C. Wang, J. Reid, J. S. TI Mesoscale modeling of smoke transport over the Southeast Asian Maritime Continent: coupling of smoke direct radiative effect below and above the low-level clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PARTICULATE MATTER; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; AMAZON; SIZE; HAZE AB The online-coupled Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) is used to simulate the direct and semi-direct radiative impacts of smoke particles over the Southeast Asian Maritime Continent (MC, 10 degrees S-10 degrees N, 90-150 degrees E) during October 2006 when a significant El Nino event caused the highest biomass burning activity since 1997. With the use of an OC (organic carbon)/BC (black carbon) ratio of 10 in the smoke emission inventory, the baseline simulation shows that the clouds can reverse the negative smoke forcing in cloud-free conditions to a positive value. The net absorption of the atmosphere is largely enhanced when smoke resides above a cloud. This led to a warming effect at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) with a domain and monthly average forcing value of similar to 20 W m(-2) over the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. Smoke-induced monthly average daytime heating (0.3 K) is largely confined above the low-level clouds, and results in a local convergence over the smoke source region. This heating-induced convergence transports more smoke particles above the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), hence rendering a positive effect. This positive effect contrasts with a decrease in the cloud fraction resulting from the combined effects of smoke heating within the cloud layer and the more stable boundary layer; the latter can be considered as a negative effect in which a decrease of the cloud fraction weakens the heating by smoke particles above the clouds. During the night-time, the elevated smoke layer lying above the clouds in the daytime is decoupled from the boundary layer, and the enhanced downdraft and shallower boundary layer lead to the accumulation of smoke particles near the surface. Because of monthly smoke radiative extinction, the amount of solar input at the surface is reduced by as much as 60 W m(-2), which leads to a decrease in sensible heat, latent heat, 2 m air temperature, and PBLH by a maximum of 20W m(-2), 20 W m(-2), 1 K, and 120 m, respectively. During daytime, the cloud changes over continents mostly occur over the islands of Sumatra and Borneo where the low-level cloud fraction decreases more than 10%. However, the change of local wind, including sea breeze, induced by the smoke direct radiative effect leads to more convergence over the Karimata Strait and the south coastal area of Kalimantan during both daytime and nighttime; consequently, the cloud fraction there is increased up to 20 %. The sensitivities with different OC /BC ratios show the importance of the smoke single-scattering albedo for the smoke semi-direct effects. Lastly, a conceptual model is used to summarize the responses of clouds, smoke, temperature, and water vapor fields to the coupling of smoke direct effect below and above clouds over the Southeast Asian Maritime Continent. C1 [Ge, C.; Wang, J.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Ge, C.] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Reid, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jwang7@unl.edu RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008; Ge, Cui/I-6353-2016 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490; Ge, Cui/0000-0002-6182-6856 FU NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program; NRL 6.1 base program FX This study is supported by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program managed by Hal. B. Maring. J. S. Reid's contribution was also partially supported by the NRL 6.1 base program. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Holland Computing Center of University of Nebraska Lincoln and their staff, especially Adam Caprez, for their helpful efforts with modeling. Two anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their careful reviews and constructive suggestions. The authors also express their gratitude to Eleanor Highwood for her editing and proofreading the manuscript. NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 159 EP 174 DI 10.5194/acp-14-159-2014 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292VL UT WOS:000329930600011 ER PT J AU Baylog, JG Wettergren, TA AF Baylog, John G. Wettergren, Thomas A. TI Online Determination of the Potential Benefit of Path Adaptation in Undersea Search SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; autonomous decision making; channel capacity; information theory; path planning; search theory AB In this paper, we examine a problem of autonomous vehicle decision making for search operations performed by undersea autonomous vehicles. Specifically, we consider the problem of determining whether to continue with preplanned search paths or to switch to focused local search efforts in the presence of limited contact information. Using techniques from information theory, we develop a context of search channel capacity from which rapid computations of performance bounds can be computed based on sensing capabilities and prior search information. These bounds characterize search planning alternatives and are useful in making the initial online determination of search plan adaptation. We illustrate the utility of our approach with numerical examples applying multiple undersea searchers. C1 [Baylog, John G.; Wettergren, Thomas A.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baylog, JG (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM john.baylog@navy.mil; t.a.wettergren@ieee.org OI Wettergren, Thomas/0000-0002-6623-8412 FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center under the In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program FX This work was supported by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center under the In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 39 IS 1 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1109/JOE.2013.2286899 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 293PX UT WOS:000329986700015 ER PT J AU Greer, JA Segal, S Salva, CR Arya, LA AF Greer, Joy A. Segal, Saya Salva, Catherine R. Arya, Lily A. TI Development and Validation of Simulation Training for Vaginal Hysterectomy SO JOURNAL OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Armed Forces District Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 07-10, 2012 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists DE Education; Model; Resident; Simulation; Vaginal hysterectomy ID SURGICAL SKILLS; TECHNICAL-SKILLS; EPISIOTOMY REPAIR; LACERATION REPAIR; CLINICAL SKILLS; PERFORMANCE; CONFIDENCE; COMPETENCE; RESIDENTS; EDUCATION AB Study Objective: To develop and validate an educational intervention based on vaginal hysterectomy (VH) simulation. Design: Prospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting: Surgical skills simulation center. Patients: Thirty residents in Obstetrics and Gynecology (11 PGY-2, 11 PGY-3, and 8 PGY-4). Intervention: VH educational intervention that included a lecture, a video, and surgical skill simulation using a new inexpensive model. Measurements and Main Results: The primary outcome was written test scores before and after the educational intervention, and the secondary outcome was self-rated confidence in performing VH. Baseline written scores were similar for all 3 training levels; however, baseline confidence scores were higher for PGY-3 and PGY-4 residents than for PGY-2 residents (p < .01). After the workshop, written test scores improved significantly for all trainees (median [range] improvement, 4 [3.5-5.0] points; p < .01). Mean (SD) improvement in confidence scores for PGY-4, PGY-3, and PGY-2 residents was 0 (0.5), 0.5 (0.8), and 1 (1.3), respectively, with improvement in confidence scores reaching significance only for PGY-2 residents (p < .02). All trainees expressed high satisfaction with the workshop. Conclusion: An educational intervention based on VU simulation is feasible and improves knowledge and confidence in junior residents with limited exposure to VII. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of AAGL. C1 [Greer, Joy A.; Salva, Catherine R.; Arya, Lily A.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Greer, Joy A.; Arya, Lily A.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Div Urogynecol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Segal, Saya] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [Segal, Saya] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Surg, New Brunswick, NJ USA. RP Greer, JA (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Womens Hlth Dept, Div Urogynecol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM joy_knopp@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1553-4650 EI 1553-4669 J9 J MINIM INVAS GYN JI J. Mimim. Invasive Gynecol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 21 IS 1 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.jmig.2013.06.006 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 292GC UT WOS:000329889200012 PM 23850966 ER PT J AU Gaudette, JE Kloepper, LN Warnecke, M Simmons, JA AF Gaudette, Jason E. Kloepper, Laura N. Warnecke, Michaela Simmons, James A. TI High resolution acoustic measurement system and beam pattern reconstruction method for bat echolocation emissions SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; SOUND BEAM; PREY; LOCALIZATION; WHALE; CALLS; WIDTH; EMIT AB Measurements of the transmit beam patterns emitted by echolocating bats have previously been limited to cross-sectional planes or averaged over multiple signals using sparse microphone arrays. To date, no high-resolution measurements of individual bat transmit beams have been reported in the literature. Recent studies indicate that bats may change the time-frequency structure of their calls depending on the task, and suggest that their beam patterns are more dynamic than previously thought. To investigate beam pattern dynamics in a variety of bat species, a high-density reconfigurable microphone array was designed and constructed using low-cost ultrasonic microphones and custom electronic circuitry. The planar array is 1.83m wide by 1.42m tall with microphones positioned on a 2.54 cm square grid. The system can capture up to 228 channels simultaneously at a 500 kHz sampling rate. Beam patterns are reconstructed in azimuth, elevation, and frequency for visualization and further analysis. Validation of the array measurement system and post-processing functions is shown by reconstructing the beam pattern of a transducer with a fixed circular aperture and comparing the result with a theoretical model. To demonstrate the system in use, transmit beam patterns of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, are shown. C1 [Gaudette, Jason E.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Kloepper, Laura N.; Warnecke, Michaela; Simmons, James A.] Brown Univ, Dept Neurosci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Gaudette, Jason E.] Brown Univ, Ctr Biomed Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Gaudette, JE (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM jason.e.gaudette@navy.mil FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport, RI; ONR [N00014-09-1-0691]; NSF [DBI-1202833] FX The authors thank Leland Jackson (U. Rhode Island) for many interesting discussions on ARMA modeling and John Buck (U. Mass., Dartmouth) for helpful suggestions on beam pattern reconstruction. This work was supported by internal investment funding from the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport, RI, ONR Grant No. N00014-09-1-0691, and NSF Grant No. DBI-1202833. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 26 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 135 IS 1 BP 513 EP 520 DI 10.1121/1.4829661 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 292TK UT WOS:000329925100061 PM 24437791 ER PT J AU Au, WWL Giorli, G Chen, J Copeland, A Lammers, MO Richlen, M Jarvis, S Morrissey, R Moretti, D AF Au, Whitlow W. L. Giorli, Giacomo Chen, Jessica Copeland, Adrienne Lammers, Marc O. Richlen, Michael Jarvis, Susan Morrissey, Ronald Moretti, David TI Presence and seasonal variation of deep diving foraging odontocetes around Kauai, Hawaii using remote autonomous acoustic recorders SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WHALES MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; ECHOLOCATION CLICKS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ISLANDS; PACIFIC; SOUND; PREY; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT AB Ecological acoustic recorders (EARs) were moored off the bottom in relatively deep depths (609-710 m) at five locations around the island of Kauai. Initially, the EARs had an analog-to-digital sample rate of 64 kHz with 30-s recordings every 5 min. After the second deployment the sampling rate was increased to 80 kHz in order to better record beaked whale biosonar signals. The results of the 80 kHz recording are discussed in this manuscript and are the results of three deployments over a year's period (January 2010 to January 2011). Five categories of the biosonar signal detection of deep diving odontocetes were created, short-finned pilot whales, sperm whales, beaked whales, Risso's dolphins, and unknown dolphins. During any given day, at least one species of these deep diving odontocetes were detected. On many days, several species were detected. The biosonar signals of short-finned pilot whales were detected the most often with approximately 30% of all the signals, followed by beaked and sperm whales approximately 22% and 21% of all clicks, respectively. The seasonal patterns were not very strong except in the SW location with distinct peak in detection during the months of April-June 2010 period. (C) 2014 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Au, Whitlow W. L.; Giorli, Giacomo; Chen, Jessica; Copeland, Adrienne; Lammers, Marc O.; Richlen, Michael] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. [Jarvis, Susan; Morrissey, Ronald; Moretti, David] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Au, WWL (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1106, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. EM wau@hawaii.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Coral Reef Ecosystem Division of the National Marine Fisheries Service in Honolulu FX This work was supported by a grant from the Office of Naval Research, with Michael Weise as the program manager. The authors are grateful to Kenneth Sexton who designed the EAR housing and to Robert Herlein who programmed the Persistor microcontroller used to control the operation of the EARs including handling the data acquisition and storage cycle. Our thanks to Dr. Russell Brainard and Dr. Kevin Wong of the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division of the National Marine Fisheries Service in Honolulu who provided the funds to design, construct and test the EAR. This HIMB contribution #1569 and SOEST contribution #9017. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 26 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 135 IS 1 BP 521 EP 530 DI 10.1121/1.4836575 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 292TK UT WOS:000329925100062 PM 24437792 ER PT J AU Reeder, DB AF Reeder, D. Benjamin TI Clutter depth discrimination using the wavenumber spectrum SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER; SOURCE LOCALIZATION; GUIDE INVARIANT; RANGE AB Clutter depth is a key parameter in mid-frequency active sonar systems to discriminate between sources of clutter and targets of interest. A method is needed to remotely discriminate clutter depth by information contained in the backscattered signal-without a priori knowledge of that depth. Presented here is an efficient approach for clutter depth estimation using the structure in the wavenumber spectrum. Based on numerical simulations for a simple test case in a shallow water waveguide, this technique demonstrates the potential capability to discriminate between a clutter source in the water column vs one on the seabed. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Reeder, DB (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dbreeder@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX The author thanks the editor for the very insightful comments which greatly improved this paper. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 135 IS 1 BP EL1 EP EL7 DI 10.1121/1.4828979 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 292TK UT WOS:000329925100001 ER PT S AU Ratna, B Lin, BC AF Ratna, Banahalli Lin, Baochuan BE Lin, B Ratna, B TI Virus Hybrids as Nanomaterials Methods and Protocols Preface SO VIRUS HYBRIDS AS NANOMATERIALS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Ratna, Banahalli; Lin, Baochuan] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Ratna, B (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-62703-750-1; 978-1-62703-751-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2014 VL 1108 BP V EP V D2 10.1007/978-1-62703-751-8 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJM67 UT WOS:000329169100001 ER PT S AU Soto, CM AF Soto, Carissa M. BE Lin, B Ratna, B TI A Programmable Fluorescent Viral Nanoblock: Sensing Made Easy in a Single Step SO VIRUS HYBRIDS AS NANOMATERIALS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV); NeutrAvidin; His-tag peptide; Antibodies; Fluorescence enhancement; Dyes; Bioconjugation; Chromatography; Viral nanoblock (VNB) ID COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOSCAFFOLD; SCAFFOLD AB Viral nanoblock provides specific positioning of recognition moieties and dye molecules which can be used as a signal-generating element and enhance detection sensitivity. The methods described herein use a 30 nm viral nanoblock to couple a variety of proteins and peptides for the incorporation of recognition elements along with a large number of dye molecules (200). The bioconjugation techniques were adapted and optimized over the years to fabricate nanoparticles that exhibit high fluorescence output while maintaining the selectivity of the target receptors. These complexes can be used for the detection of pathogens and toxins in a single step since both receptor and reporter are in the same viral nanoblock. Its stability and nanometer size allows for its utilization in well-established sensing platforms like microarrays. C1 Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Soto, CM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-62703-750-1; 978-1-62703-751-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2014 VL 1108 BP 155 EP 172 DI 10.1007/978-1-62703-751-8_12 D2 10.1007/978-1-62703-751-8 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJM67 UT WOS:000329169100013 PM 24243248 ER PT S AU Liu, JL Robertson, KL AF Liu, Jinny L. Robertson, Kelly L. BE Lin, B Ratna, B TI Engineered Bacteriophage T4 Nanoparticles for Cellular Imaging SO VIRUS HYBRIDS AS NANOMATERIALS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Bacteriophage T4 nanoparticles; Viral nanoparticles (VNPs); Dye/VNP (D/V); Fluorescence enhancement; Cellular imaging; Confocal microscopy ID VIRAL NANOPARTICLES; DYES; FLUORESCENCE; ENHANCEMENT AB Tailless T4 nanoparticles (NPs) have large surface areas consisting of more than 10(5) diverse surface reactive groups and offer great flexibility in chemical modification for tailoring the desired functionality. Dye-conjugated T4 NPs exhibiting bright fluorescence are biocompatible and can be internalized by various eukaryotic cells which land themselves as excellent cellular imaging agents. Here, we describe the preparation of engineered T4 NPs including dye-conjugation and characterization, and the procedure for cellular uptake and confocal microscopy. C1 [Liu, Jinny L.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Robertson, Kelly L.] Engility Corp, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Liu, JL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-62703-750-1; 978-1-62703-751-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2014 VL 1108 BP 187 EP 199 DI 10.1007/978-1-62703-751-8_14 D2 10.1007/978-1-62703-751-8 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJM67 UT WOS:000329169100015 PM 24243250 ER PT S AU Goldman, E Walper, S AF Goldman, Ellen Walper, Scott BE Lin, B Ratna, B TI Phage-Displayed Single Domain Antibodies as Recognition Elements SO VIRUS HYBRIDS AS NANOMATERIALS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Phage-display; Single domain antibodies; Biopanning; Recombinant antibody; Antibody library; Phage ELISA ID LIGHT-CHAINS; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; FRAGMENTS; HEAVY; GENERATION; SHARKS; TECHNOLOGY; EXPRESSION; SELECTION; PROTEINS AB The variable domains of antibodies can be expressed as a fusion with pIII, a minor coat protein of the bateriophage M13, for the generation of phage-display antibody reagents. The phage-display system is routinely used to enrich for recombinant antibodies against a specific target antigen from highly diverse nave and immune libraries. Often once binders are selected, they are expressed as soluble proteins; however, it can be advantageous to use the phage-displayed antibody fragment as a reagent in binding assays. The repeating subunits of the viral capsid allows for significant signal amplification of binding events in downstream assays when utilizing a reporter-conjugated secondary antibody specific for the M13 capsid. Alternatively, labeling of the viral capsid with dyes or biotin molecules provides additional methods of achieving signal amplification in a variety of assay formats. The following protocols detail the use of phage-displayed single domain antibodies in sandwich assays for antigen detection. C1 [Goldman, Ellen; Walper, Scott] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goldman, E (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-62703-750-1; 978-1-62703-751-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2014 VL 1108 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1007/978-1-62703-751-8_15 D2 10.1007/978-1-62703-751-8 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJM67 UT WOS:000329169100016 PM 24243251 ER PT J AU Das, NN Colliander, A Chan, SK Njoku, EG Li, L AF Das, Narendra Narayan Colliander, Andreas Chan, Steven K. Njoku, Eni G. Li, Li TI Intercomparisons of Brightness Temperature Observations Over Land From AMSR-E and WindSat SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Passive microwave remote sensing; radiometers; soil moisture ID SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVAL; RADIOFREQUENCY INTERFERENCE; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; ICE-SHEET; INSTRUMENT; PERFORMANCE; SIGNATURES; EMISSION; SYSTEM; OCEAN AB The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) on Aqua and WindSat on Coriolis instruments have collected multichannel passive microwave data over the global land and oceans since 2002 and 2003, respectively. AMSR-E on Aqua ceased operation in October 2011 due to a malfunction in the antenna scanning mechanism. AMSR-E and WindSat have similar frequencies, bandwidths, polarizations, incidence angles and instantaneous fields of view (IFOVs), but there are some differences in their configurations. The altitudes and local overpass times also differ between the AMSR-E and WindSat sensors. The time series of data from the two instruments have a long period of overlap, which can be used to intercompare and cross-calibrate the instrument data sets taking into account the instrument differences. This would allow retrieval of geophysical parameters using common algorithms that could take advantage of the increased time duration and sampling coverage afforded by combining data from the two sensors. In this paper, we focus on land applications and compare the multichannel data from these two sensors over land. Channels useful primarily for soil moisture and vegetation water content studies (i.e., similar to 6, similar to 10, similar to 18, and similar to 37 GHz at H- and V-pol) are used in the comparisons. To minimize differences caused by surface temperature effects related to local overpass times, only descending passes (with Equator crossing times for AMSR-E of 1: 30 A. M. and WindSat 6: 00 A. M.) are considered. Homogeneous and temporally stable sites such as Dome-C, Antarctica and the Amazon forest, and a flat and bare region in the Sahara desert are chosen to evaluate similarities and differences among comparable channel observations. Taking into consideration the sensor configurations and geophysical conditions during the descending overpasses, reasonably good agreement is observed between AMSR-E and WindSat measurements over the globe. C1 [Das, Narendra Narayan; Colliander, Andreas; Chan, Steven K.; Njoku, Eni G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Li, Li] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Das, NN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM nndas@jpl.nasa.gov; andreas.colliander@jpl.nasa.gov; steven.k.chan@jpl.nasa.gov; eni.g.njoku@jpl.nasa.gov; li.li@nrl.navy.mil FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation [ANT-0636873, ARC-0713483, ANT-0838834, ANT-0944018] FX This work was supported in part by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was supported also by the National Science Foundation under Grants ANT-0636873, ARC-0713483, ANT-0838834, and ANT-0944018. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2014 VL 52 IS 1 BP 452 EP 464 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2241445 PN 2 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279DE UT WOS:000328939500006 ER PT J AU Hirst, LC Lumb, MP Hoheisel, R Bailey, CG Philipps, SP Bett, AW Walters, RJ AF Hirst, L. C. Lumb, M. P. Hoheisel, R. Bailey, C. G. Philipps, S. P. Bett, A. W. Walters, R. J. TI Spectral sensitivity of hot carrier solar cells SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE Hot carrier solar cell; Concentrator photovoltaics; Solar spectrum; Spectral sensitivity ID BROAD-BAND MODELS; IRRADIANCE PREDICTIONS; CONCENTRATOR CELLS; EFFICIENCY; TRANSMITTANCE AB In this paper we present detailed balance simulations which determine the material parameters required to produce hot carrier solar cell (HCSC) annual energy yields comparable with that of multi-junction (MJ) systems. We demonstrate that HCSCs are less spectrally sensitive than equivalent MJ devices providing significant motivation for pursuing their development. Spectral variation in a given location over the course of the day and throughout the year means that the HCSC provides more consistent power production. The HCSC can also be developed for a standard reference spectrum and still perform optimally in a variety of locations with different atmospheric conditions, unlike the location sensitive performance of MJ devices. We show that an ideal hot carrier solar cell with bandgap 0.69 eV under 2000 x concentration would require a thermalization coefficient < 0.1 W K-1 cm(-2) to produce more power over the course of the year than an InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple junction device located at Solar Village in Saudi Arabia. The lowest experimentally demonstrated thermalization coefficient is 9.5 W K-1 cm(-2) indicating that further materials development is required to achieve this target. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hirst, L. C.; Bailey, C. G.; Walters, R. J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lumb, M. P.; Hoheisel, R.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Philipps, S. P.; Bett, A. W.] Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst ISE, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. RP Hirst, LC (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM louise.hirst.ctr@nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 EI 1879-3398 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD JAN PY 2014 VL 120 SI SI BP 610 EP 615 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2013.10.003 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 288EW UT WOS:000329595800023 ER PT J AU Flint, JH Wade, AM Giuliani, J Rue, JP AF Flint, James H. Wade, Alana M. Giuliani, Jeffrey Rue, John-Paul TI Defining the Terms Acute and Chronic in Orthopaedic Sports Injuries A Systematic Review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acute; chronic; anterior cruciate ligament; Achilles tendon; shoulder instability; distal biceps tendon; pectoralis major tendon; acromioclavicular joint ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; DISTAL BICEPS TENDON; PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE; ACHILLES-TENDON; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT; NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT; SHOULDER INSTABILITY; FOLLOW-UP; ARTHROSCOPIC STABILIZATION AB Background: Although many authors report on acute injuries and chronic injuries in the orthopaedic literature, the actual terms are seldom explicitly defined. Hypothesis: Much of the literature pertaining to sports injuries that are acute or chronic does not define these terms. It is believed that definitions will provide clarity and specificity in future literature. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic review of 116 articles was conducted to determine whether and how the terms acute and chronic were defined as they pertain to several commonly treated conditions: Achilles tendon rupture, distal biceps tendon rupture, pectoralis major tendon rupture, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, anterior shoulder instability, and acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation. Articles were isolated from various databases and search engines by use of keywords to identify relevant literature. Results: This study determined that the terms acute and chronic for each injury are defined, respectively, as follows: Achilles tendon rupture: <1 week, >4 weeks; distal biceps tendon rupture: <6 weeks, >12 weeks; pectoralis major tendon rupture: <6 weeks, >6 weeks; ACL tear: <6 weeks, >6 months; anterior shoulder instability: <2 weeks, >6 months; AC joint dislocation, <3 weeks, >6 weeks. Conclusion: The current literature varies greatly in defining the terms acute and chronic in common sports injuries. The vast majority of authors imply these terms, based on the method of their studies, rather than define them explicitly. Injuries involving tendons showed greater consistency among authors, thus making a definition based on consensus easier to derive. The literature on ACL and shoulder instability in particular showed great variability in defining these terms, likely representing the more complex nature of these injuries and the fact that timing of surgery in the majority of patients does not particularly affect the complexity of the surgical approach and treatment. Clinical Relevance: Defining injuries as acute or chronic is clinically relevant in many cases, particularly concerning tendon injuries, where these terms have implications regarding the anatomic pathologic changes and tissue quality, which may necessitate augmentation and alter the initial surgical plan. In cases where these terms are less pertinent to operative treatment considerations, they bring clarity to the discussion of the acuity of the injury (as it pertains to time from insult). C1 [Flint, James H.; Wade, Alana M.; Giuliani, Jeffrey; Rue, John-Paul] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Flint, JH (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM James.H.Flint.mil@health.mil NR 118 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 EI 1552-3365 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 42 IS 1 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1177/0363546513490656 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 284NI UT WOS:000329325600036 PM 23749341 ER PT J AU Ajello, M Romani, RW Gasparrini, D Shaw, MS Bolmer, J Cotter, G Finke, J Greiner, J Healey, SE King, O Max-Moerbeck, W Michelson, PF Potter, WJ Rau, A Readhead, ACS Richards, JL Schady, P AF Ajello, M. Romani, R. W. Gasparrini, D. Shaw, M. S. Bolmer, J. Cotter, G. Finke, J. Greiner, J. Healey, S. E. King, O. Max-Moerbeck, W. Michelson, P. F. Potter, W. J. Rau, A. Readhead, A. C. S. Richards, J. L. Schady, P. TI THE COSMIC EVOLUTION OF FERMI BL LACERTAE OBJECTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; diffuse radiation; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: diffuse background; surveys ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; ALTERED LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; SPECTRUM RADIO QUASARS; GAMMA-RAY; COSMOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; UNASSOCIATED SOURCES; BLAZAR SEQUENCE; COMPLETE SAMPLE AB Fermi has provided the largest sample of gamma-ray-selected blazars to date. In this work we use a uniformly selected set of 211 BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects detected by Fermi during its first year of operation. We obtained redshift constraints for 206 out of the 211 BL Lac objects in our sample, making it the largest and most complete sample of BL Lac objects available in the literature. We use this sample to determine the luminosity function of BL Lac objects and its evolution with cosmic time. We find that for most BL Lac classes the evolution is positive, with a space density peaking at modest redshift (z approximate to 1.2). Low-luminosity, high-synchrotron-peaked (HSP) BL Lac objects are an exception, showing strong negative evolution, with number density increasing for z less than or similar to 0.5. Since this rise corresponds to a drop-off in the density of flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), a possible interpretation is that these HSPs represent an accretion-starved end state of an earlier merger-driven gas-rich phase. We additionally find that the known BL Lac correlation between luminosity and photon spectral index persists after correction for the substantial observational selection effects with implications for the so-called "blazar sequence." Finally, by estimating the beaming corrections to the luminosity function, we find that BL Lac objects have an average Lorentz factor of gamma = 6.1(-0.8)(+1.1), and that most are seen within 10 degrees of the jet axis. C1 [Ajello, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Healey, S. E.; Michelson, P. F.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Healey, S. E.; Michelson, P. F.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gasparrini, D.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Gasparrini, D.] Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Bolmer, J.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Cotter, G.; Potter, W. J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Finke, J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Greiner, J.; Rau, A.; Schady, P.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [King, O.; Max-Moerbeck, W.; Readhead, A. C. S.; Richards, J. L.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ajello, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM majello@ssl.berkeley.edu; rwr@astro.stanford.edu; gasparrini@asdc.asi.it; msshaw@stanford.edu OI Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495 FU NASA [NNH09ZDA001N, NNX08AW30G, NNX11A044G]; ASI-INAF [I/009/10/0]; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX The comments from an expert referee are gratefully acknowledged. M. A. acknowledges generous support from NASA grant NNH09ZDA001N for the study of the origin of the extragalactic gamma-ray background, and hospitality at Goddard and NRL while writing part of this work. R. W. R acknowledges NASA grants NNX08AW30G and NNX11A044G and extensive consultation with the OVRO Fermi group. D. G. acknowledges financial contribution from the agreement ASI-INAF I/009/10/0. M. A. is indebted to J. Wall for originally sharing the details of the ML method used in this and other works.; The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States; the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 81 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 1 AR 73 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/73 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279CN UT WOS:000328937100073 ER PT J AU Cheng, X Ding, MD Guo, Y Zhang, J Vourlidas, A Liu, YD Olmedo, O Sun, JQ Li, C AF Cheng, X. Ding, M. D. Guo, Y. Zhang, J. Vourlidas, A. Liu, Y. D. Olmedo, O. Sun, J. Q. Li, C. TI TRACKING THE EVOLUTION OF A COHERENT MAGNETIC FLUX ROPE CONTINUOUSLY FROM THE INNER TO THE OUTER CORONA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic fields ID SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; MASS EJECTIONS; TORUS INSTABILITY; LARGE-ANGLE; 1 AU; ERUPTION; PROMINENCE; FLARES; FIELD; EMERGENCE AB The magnetic flux rope (MFR) is believed to be the underlying magnetic structure of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). However, it remains unclear how an MFR evolves into and forms the multi-component structure of a CME. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive study of an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) MFR eruption on 2013 May 22 by tracking its morphological evolution, studying its kinematics, and quantifying its thermal property. As EUV brightenings begin, the MFR starts to rise slowly and shows helical threads winding around an axis. Meanwhile, cool filamentary materials descend spirally down to the chromosphere. These features provide direct observational evidence of intrinsically helical structure of the MFR. Through detailed kinematical analysis, we find that the MFR evolution has two distinct phases: a slow rise phase and an impulsive acceleration phase. We attribute the first phase to the magnetic reconnection within the quasi-separatrix layers surrounding the MFR, and the much more energetic second phase to the fast magnetic reconnection underneath the MFR. We suggest that the transition between these two phases is caused by the torus instability. Moreover, we identify that the MFR evolves smoothly into the outer corona and appears as a coherent structure within the white-light CME volume. The MFR in the outer corona was enveloped by bright fronts that originated from plasma pile-up in front of the expanding MFR. The fronts are also associated with the preceding sheath region followed by the outmost MFR-driven shock. C1 [Cheng, X.; Ding, M. D.; Guo, Y.; Zhang, J.; Sun, J. Q.; Li, C.] Nanjing Univ, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Cheng, X.; Ding, M. D.; Guo, Y.; Sun, J. Q.; Li, C.] Nanjing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Modern Astron & Astrophys, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, J.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Vourlidas, A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liu, Y. D.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Space Sci Ctr, State Key Lab Space Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Olmedo, O.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Cheng, X (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM xincheng@nju.edu.cn RI Cheng, Xin/G-6762-2011; Ding, Mingde/C-7787-2009; Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Guo, Yang/A-9134-2012; OI Cheng, Xin/0000-0003-2837-7136; Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Guo, Yang/0000-0002-9293-8439; Liu, Ying/0000-0002-3483-5909 FU NSFC [10933003, 11303016, 11373023, 11203014]; NKBRSF [2011CB811402, 2014CB744203]; NSF [ATM-0748003, AGS-1156120, AGS-1249270]; NASA [S-136361-Y]; NASA Living with a Star TRT Program NASA [NNG11PL10A] FX We thank the referee, P. F. Chen, P. Demoulin, Q. Hu, and Y. M. Wang for valuable comments and discussions that improved the manuscript. SDO is a mission of NASA's Living With a Star Program, STEREO is the third mission in NASA's Solar Terrestrial Probes program, and SOHO is a mission of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. X. C., Y. G., M. D. D., C. L., and J.Q.S. are supported by NSFC under grants 10933003, 11303016, 11373023, 11203014, and NKBRSF under grants 2011CB811402 and 2014CB744203. J.Z. is supported by NSF grant ATM-0748003, AGS-1156120, and AGS-1249270. A. V. is supported by NASA contract S-136361-Y to the Naval Research Laboratory. O.O. is supported by NASA Living with a Star TR&T Program NASA NNG11PL10A. NR 95 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 1 AR 28 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/28 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279CN UT WOS:000328937100028 ER PT J AU Margutti, R Milisavljevic, D Soderberg, AM Chornock, R Zauderer, BA Murase, K Guidorzi, C Sanders, NE Kuin, P Fransson, C Levesque, EM Chandra, P Berger, E Bianco, FB Brown, PJ Challis, P Chatzopoulos, E Cheung, CC Choi, C Chomiuk, L Chugai, N Contreras, C Drout, MR Fesen, R Foley, RJ Fong, W Friedman, AS Gall, C Gehrels, N Hjorth, J Hsiao, E Kirshner, R Im, M Leloudas, G Lunnan, R Marion, GH Martin, J Morrell, N Neugent, KF Omodei, N Phillips, MM Rest, A Silverman, JM Strader, J Stritzinger, MD Szalai, T Utterback, NB Vinko, J Wheeler, JC Arnett, D Campana, S Chevalier, R Ginsburg, A Kamble, A Roming, PWA Pritchard, T Stringfellow, G AF Margutti, R. Milisavljevic, D. Soderberg, A. M. Chornock, R. Zauderer, B. A. Murase, K. Guidorzi, C. Sanders, N. E. Kuin, P. Fransson, C. Levesque, E. M. Chandra, P. Berger, E. Bianco, F. B. Brown, P. J. Challis, P. Chatzopoulos, E. Cheung, C. C. Choi, C. Chomiuk, L. Chugai, N. Contreras, C. Drout, M. R. Fesen, R. Foley, R. J. Fong, W. Friedman, A. S. Gall, C. Gehrels, N. Hjorth, J. Hsiao, E. Kirshner, R. Im, M. Leloudas, G. Lunnan, R. Marion, G. H. Martin, J. Morrell, N. Neugent, K. F. Omodei, N. Phillips, M. M. Rest, A. Silverman, J. M. Strader, J. Stritzinger, M. D. Szalai, T. Utterback, N. B. Vinko, J. Wheeler, J. C. Arnett, D. Campana, S. Chevalier, R. Ginsburg, A. Kamble, A. Roming, P. W. A. Pritchard, T. Stringfellow, G. TI A PANCHROMATIC VIEW OF THE RESTLESS SN 2009ip REVEALS THE EXPLOSIVE EJECTION OF A MASSIVE STAR ENVELOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: mass-loss; supernovae: individual (SN2009ip) ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; M-CIRCLE-DOT; SWIFT ULTRAVIOLET/OPTICAL TELESCOPE; POPULATION-III STARS; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; LIGHT CURVES; SHOCK BREAKOUT; CIRCUMSTELLAR INTERACTION; SPECTRAL EVOLUTION AB The double explosion of SN 2009ip in 2012 raises questions about our understanding of the late stages of massive star evolution. Here we present a comprehensive study of SN 2009ip during its remarkable rebrightenings. High-cadence photometric and spectroscopic observations from the GeV to the radio band obtained from a variety of ground-based and space facilities (including the Very Large Array, Swift, Fermi, Hubble Space Telescope, and XMM) constrain SN 2009ip to be a low energy (E similar to 1050 erg for an ejecta mass similar to 0.5 M-circle dot) and asymmetric explosion in a complex medium shaped by multiple eruptions of the restless progenitor star. Most of the energy is radiated as a result of the shock breaking out through a dense shell of material located at similar to 5 x 10(14) cm with M similar to 0.1 M-circle dot, ejected by the precursor outburst similar to 40 days before the major explosion. We interpret the NIR excess of emission as signature of material located further out, the origin of which has to be connected with documented mass-loss episodes in the previous years. Our modeling predicts bright neutrino emission associated with the shock break-out if the cosmic-ray energy is comparable to the radiated energy. We connect this phenomenology with the explosive ejection of the outer layers of the massive progenitor star, which later interacted with material deposited in the surroundings by previous eruptions. Future observations will reveal if the massive luminous progenitor star survived. Irrespective of whether the explosion was terminal, SN 2009ip brought to light the existence of new channels for sustained episodic mass loss, the physical origin of which has yet to be identified. C1 [Margutti, R.; Milisavljevic, D.; Soderberg, A. M.; Chornock, R.; Zauderer, B. A.; Sanders, N. E.; Berger, E.; Drout, M. R.; Foley, R. J.; Fong, W.; Friedman, A. S.; Kirshner, R.; Lunnan, R.; Marion, G. H.; Kamble, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Murase, K.] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Guidorzi, C.] Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy. [Kuin, P.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Fransson, C.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Fransson, C.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Levesque, E. M.; Ginsburg, A.; Stringfellow, G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chandra, P.; Challis, P.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. [Bianco, F. B.] NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Brown, P. J.] Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chatzopoulos, E.; Silverman, J. M.; Vinko, J.; Wheeler, J. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Choi, C.; Im, M.] Seoul Natl Univ, CEOU, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Chomiuk, L.; Strader, J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Chomiuk, L.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Chugai, N.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Astron, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Contreras, C.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Fesen, R.; Utterback, N. B.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Friedman, A. S.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gall, C.; Hjorth, J.; Leloudas, G.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Gall, C.; Gehrels, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hsiao, E.; Morrell, N.; Phillips, M. M.] Las Campanas Observ, Carnegie Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Leloudas, G.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Neugent, K. F.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Omodei, N.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Omodei, N.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Rest, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stritzinger, M. D.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Szalai, T.; Vinko, J.] Univ Szeged, Dept Opt & Quantum Elect, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. [Arnett, D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Arnett, D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Campana, S.] INAF Brera Astron Observ, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. [Chevalier, R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Roming, P. W. A.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Sci, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Roming, P. W. A.; Pritchard, T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Margutti, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Friedman, Andrew/I-4691-2013; Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014; Gall, Christa/P-7630-2016; Murase, Kohta/B-2710-2016; OI Friedman, Andrew/0000-0003-1334-039X; Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306; Gall, Christa/0000-0002-8526-3963; Murase, Kohta/0000-0002-5358-5642; Lunnan, Ragnhild/0000-0001-9454-4639; Campana, Sergio/0000-0001-6278-1576; Im, Myungshin/0000-0002-8537-6714; Ginsburg, Adam/0000-0001-6431-9633; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Martin, John/0000-0002-0245-508X; stritzinger, maximilian/0000-0002-5571-1833 FU Karles' Fellowship; NASA [DPR S-15633-Y]; Hungarian OTKA Grant [NN 107637]; NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP); Creative Research Initiative program of the Korea Research Foundation (KRF) grant [2010-000712]; National Science Foundation [AST-0807727, AST-1211196, AST1008343]; Danish Agency for Science and Technology and Innovation; Danish National Science Foundation; NSF [AST-1109801]; StScI grant [HST-AR-12820]; University of Texas Graduate School; ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory [090.D-0719]; National Radio Astronomy Observatory [12B-068] FX C.C.C. was supported at NRL by a Karles' Fellowship and NASA DPR S-15633-Y. J.V. and T.S. are supported by the Hungarian OTKA Grant NN 107637. C.G. is supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP). M.I. and C.C. were supported by the Creative Research Initiative program of the Korea Research Foundation (KRF) grant No. 2010-000712. R.C. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under grant AST-0807727. M.S. gratefully acknowledges generous support provided by the Danish Agency for Science and Technology and Innovation realized through a Sapere Aude Level 2 grant. R.K. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under grant AST-1211196. The Dark Cosmology Centre is funded by the Danish National Science Foundation. The research of J.C.W., the Texas Supernova Group and E.C. is supported in part by NSF AST-1109801 and by StScI grant HST-AR-12820. E.C. wishes to thank the University of Texas Graduate School for the William C. Powers fellowship given in support of his studies. The work of the Carnegie Supernova Project is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant AST1008343. This work is based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under program ID 090.D-0719. Observations reported here were obtained at the MMT Observatory, a joint facility of the Smithsonian Institution and the University of Arizona. This article includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. Observations were obtained with the JVLA operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, program12B-068. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. Support for CARMA construction was derived from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation, the James S. McDonnell Foundation, the Associates of the California Institute of Technology, the University of Chicago, the states of California, Illinois, and Maryland, and the National Science Foundation. Ongoing CARMA development and operations are supported by the National Science Foundation under a cooperative agreement and by the CARMA partner universities. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. This paper made use of the SUSPECT database (http://www.nhn.ou.edu/suspect/). NR 156 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 1 AR 21 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/21 PG 38 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279CN UT WOS:000328937100021 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Young, PR Muglach, K AF Wang, Y. -M. Young, P. R. Muglach, K. TI EVIDENCE FOR TWO SEPARATE HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEETS OF CYLINDRICAL SHAPE DURING MID-2012 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar wind; Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: heliosphere; Sun: magnetic fields ID SOLAR-CYCLE 23; ORIGIN AB During the reversal of the Sun's polar fields at sunspot maximum, outward extrapolations of magnetograph measurements often predict the presence of two or more current sheets extending into the interplanetary medium, instead of the single heliospheric current sheet (HCS) that forms the basis of the standard "ballerina skirt" picture. By comparing potential-field source-surface models of the coronal streamer belt with white-light coronagraph observations, we deduce that the HCS was split into two distinct structures with circular cross sections during mid-2012. These cylindrical current sheets were centered near the heliographic equator and separated in longitude by roughly 180.; a corresponding four-sector polarity pattern was observed at Earth. Each cylinder enclosed a negative-polarity coronal hole that was identifiable in extreme ultraviolet images and gave rise to a high-speed stream. The two current sheet systems are shown to be a result of the dominance of the Sun's nonaxisymmetric quadrupole component, as the axial dipole field was undergoing its reversal during solar cycle 24. C1 [Wang, Y. -M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Young, P. R.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Muglach, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Muglach, K.] ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yi.wang@nrl.navy.mil; pyoung@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; karin.muglach@nasa.gov OI Young, Peter/0000-0001-9034-2925 FU NASA; Office of Naval Research FX We are indebted to the referee for helpful comments, and to N. B. Rich, A. F. R. Thernisien, and L. Hutting for constructing the LASCO and SECCHI synoptic maps. This work was supported by NASA and the Office of Naval Research. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 1 AR 103 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/103 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279CN UT WOS:000328937100103 ER PT J AU Wood, BE Izmodenov, VV Alexashov, DB Redfield, S Edelman, E AF Wood, Brian E. Izmodenov, Vladislav V. Alexashov, Dmitry B. Redfield, Seth Edelman, Eric TI A NEW DETECTION OF LY alpha ABSORPTION FROM THE HELIOTAIL SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: atoms; solar wind; Sun: heliosphere; ultraviolet: ISM ID INTERSTELLAR MAGNETIC-FIELD; BOUNDARY-EXPLORER RIBBON; TELESCOPE IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH; SOLAR-WIND STRUCTURE; HELIOSPHERIC INTERFACE; TERMINATION SHOCK; HYDROGEN WALL; HST-GHRS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; OUTER HELIOSPHERE AB We present new Hubble Space Telescope observations of HI Ly alpha absorption toward the F8 V star HD 35296. This line of sight is only a few degrees from the downwind direction of the local interstellar medium flow vector. As a consequence, Ly alpha absorption from the heliotail is detected in the spectrum, consistent with three previous downwind detections of heliotail absorption. The clustering of the heliotail absorption detections around the downwind direction demonstrates that the heliotail is pointed close to that direction, limiting the extent to which the interstellar magnetic field might be distorting and deflecting the heliotail. We explore this issue further using three-dimensional MHD models of the global heliosphere. The three computed models represent the first three-dimensional MHD models with both a kinetic treatment of neutrals and an extended grid in the tail direction, both of which are necessary to model Ly alpha absorption downwind. The models indicate only modest heliotail asymmetries and deflections, which are not large enough to be inconsistent with the clustering of heliotail absorption detections around the downwind direction. The models are reasonably successful at reproducing the observed absorption, but they do overpredict the Ly alpha opacity by a factor of 2-3. We discuss implications of these results in light of observations of the heliotail region from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer mission. C1 [Wood, Brian E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Izmodenov, Vladislav V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Air Mech & Gas Dynam, Fac Mech & Math, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Izmodenov, Vladislav V.; Alexashov, Dmitry B.] RAS, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Izmodenov, Vladislav V.; Alexashov, Dmitry B.] Inst Problems Mech, Moscow 119526, Russia. [Redfield, Seth; Edelman, Eric] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Van Vleck Observ, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brian.wood@nrl.navy.mil RI Izmodenov, Vladislav/K-6073-2012 OI Izmodenov, Vladislav/0000-0002-1748-0982 FU NASA through Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-12596]; NASA [NAS 5-26555]; NASA from the Connecticut Space Grant Consortium; Russian Academy of Sciences [22]; RFBR [13-02-00265] FX Support for program GO-12596 was provided by NASA through an award from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. E.E. acknowledges support through a NASA undergraduate research fellowship from the Connecticut Space Grant Consortium. V.I. and D.A. are partially supported by Programm 22 of the Russian Academy of Sciences and RFBR grant 13-02-00265. The calculations were performed using the supercomputers of Lomonosov Moscow State University ("Lomonosov" and "Chebyshev"). NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 1 AR 108 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/108 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279CN UT WOS:000328937100108 ER PT J AU Sola, CA Leach, BC McClellan, SD Butler, G AF Sola, Charles A. Leach, Brian C. McClellan, Scott D. Butler, George TI Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: A Second Primary Tumor Displaying Bednar and Fibrosarcomatous Subtypes SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 [Sola, Charles A.] Naval Special Warfare Grp FOUR, Dept Med, Virginia Beach, VA 23461 USA. [Leach, Brian C.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Dermatol & Dermatol Surg, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [McClellan, Scott D.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Dermatol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Butler, George] Naval Hlth Clin Charleston, Dept Dermatol, Charleston, SC USA. RP Sola, CA (reprint author), Naval Special Warfare Grp FOUR, Dept Med, Virginia Beach, VA 23461 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1076-0512 EI 1524-4725 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 40 IS 1 BP 82 EP 85 DI 10.1111/dsu.12370 PG 4 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 283PF UT WOS:000329258500017 PM 24238275 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF Jacobson, I AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Jacobson, Isabel TI Gender Differences of Postdeployment Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Service Members and Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan Conflicts SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE deployment; gender; health outcomes; military; Operation Enduring Freedom; Operation Iraqi Freedom; post-traumatic stress disorder; women ID MENTAL-HEALTH DIAGNOSES; MILITARY SEXUAL TRAUMA; ACTIVE-DUTY SOLDIERS; US MILITARY; WAR VETERANS; RISK-FACTORS; COMBAT DEPLOYMENT; CARE UTILIZATION; ARMED-FORCES; GULF-WAR AB Despite the marked expansion of roles for women in the US military over the last decade, whether differences by gender exist in regard to the development of mental health conditions postdeployment is unclear. This comprehensive review of the literature (20012012) examined whether US servicewomen were more likely than men to experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after returning from deployments to the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. Findings from 18 studies from 8 unique study populations were reviewed. Seven studies found that women had a higher risk for screening positive for PTSD compared with men, including prospectively designed studies that evaluated new-onset PTSD among members from all service branches. Although results from studies with Veterans Affairs samples found women at decreased risk in 4 analyses, these studies used the same source databases, were conducted in treatment-seeking populations, and were mostly unable to account for combat experience. Seven studies detected no differences by gender. In summary, women appeared to have a moderately higher risk for postdeployment PTSD, although there was a lack of consensus among the studies, and even those with the most rigorous methods were not designed specifically to evaluate potential gender differences. Given the limitations of the published literature, further research should use longitudinal study designs and comprehensive evaluations of deployment experiences while adjusting for predeployment factors to confirm that gender differences exist with regard to postdeployment PTSD. C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Jacobson, Isabel] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, 160 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM nancy.crum@med.navy.mil NR 64 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 37 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X EI 1478-6729 J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2014 VL 36 IS 1 SI SI BP 5 EP 18 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxt005 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 281WK UT WOS:000329131500002 PM 23988441 ER PT B AU Bidus, MA Allard, JE Dubil, EA AF Bidus, Michael A. Allard, Jay E. Dubil, Elizabeth A. BE Odunsi, K Pejovic, T TI Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary: Multidisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment SO GYNECOLOGIC CANCERS: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT SE Current Multidisciplinary Oncology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GYNECOLOGIC-ONCOLOGY-GROUP; HIGH-DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; CANCER COOPERATIVE GROUP; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; SECONDARY LEUKEMIA; PATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION; CISPLATIN CHEMOTHERAPY; EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION C1 [Bidus, Michael A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Allard, Jay E.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Dubil, Elizabeth A.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Bidus, MA (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DEMOS MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS PI NEW YORK PA 11 WEST 42ND STREET, 15TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA BN 978-1-936287-89-5 J9 CURR MULTIDISC ONCOL PY 2014 BP 161 EP 169 PG 9 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA BIF33 UT WOS:000328003400019 ER PT J AU Xu, YL Zhang, W Liu, WX Wang, X Ferrese, F Zang, CZ Yu, HB AF Xu, Yinliang Zhang, Wei Liu, Wenxin Wang, Xin Ferrese, Frank Zang, Chuanzhi Yu, Haibin TI Distributed Subgradient-Based Coordination of Multiple Renewable Generators in a Microgrid SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Distributed cooperative control; microgrid; multi-agent system; renewable generator ID MAXIMUM POWER; INVERTERS; SYSTEM; OPTIMIZATION; FLUCTUATIONS; ALLOCATION; STABILITY; DESIGN; DFIG; AC AB For a microgrid with high renewable energy penetration to work autonomously, it must maintain its own supply-demand balance of active power. Maximum peak power tracking algorithms, which emphasize high renewable energy utilization, may cause a supply-demand imbalance when the available renewable generation is more than demanded, especially for autonomous microgrids. Currently, droop control is one of the most popular decentralized methods for sharing active and reactive loads among the distributed generators. However, conventional droop control methods suffer from slow and oscillating dynamic response and steady state deviations. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes a distributed subgradient-based solution to coordinate the operations of different types of distributed renewable generators in a microgrid. By controlling the utilization levels of renewable generators, the supply-demand balance can be well maintained and the system dynamic performance can be significantly improved. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control solution. C1 [Xu, Yinliang; Zhang, Wei; Liu, Wenxin] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. [Wang, Xin] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Ferrese, Frank] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 19112 USA. [Zang, Chuanzhi; Yu, Haibin] Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Inst Automat, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. RP Xu, YL (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ECCS 1125776] FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS 1125776. Paper no. TPWRS- 00568-2012. NR 53 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8950 EI 1558-0679 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2281038 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 280MR UT WOS:000329035000003 ER PT J AU Roman, PE Dell, RF Velasquez, JD Loyola, PS AF Roman, Pablo E. Dell, Robert F. Velasquez, Juan D. Loyola, Pablo S. TI Identifying user sessions from web server logs with integer programming SO INTELLIGENT DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Web server logs; sessionization; web user; web usage mining; integer programming; network flow ID WORLD-WIDE-WEB; RECONSTRUCTION AB Web usage mining has proven to be an important advance for e-business systems, both by finding web user buying patterns and suggesting ways to improve web user navigation. A primary input for web usage mining is web user sessions that must be constructed from web server logs (called sessionization) when such sessions are not otherwise identified. We use bipartite cardinality matching and a more general integer program to construct sessions. We also propose several variations of our integer program to provide additional insights into session characteristics. For testing, we retrieve 15 months of web server logs and corresponding real sessions from an academic web site. We compare real sessions, results obtained by our optimization models, and results from a commonly-used timeout heuristic. We find our optimization models dominate the timeout heuristic using several comparison measures. Solution time for a typical month is seven hours for our integer program, 30 minutes for our bipartite cardinality matching, and about 1 minute for the heuristic. Although solution time is significantly greater for the integer program, its variations contribute additional analysis of web user behavior. C1 [Roman, Pablo E.] Univ Chile, Ctr Math Modeling, Santiago, Chile. [Velasquez, Juan D.; Loyola, Pablo S.] Univ Chile, Dept Ind Engn, Santiago, Chile. [Dell, Robert F.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA USA. RP Roman, PE (reprint author), Univ Chile, Ctr Math Modeling, Av Blanco Encalada 2120,Piso 7,POB 170-3 Correo 3, Santiago, Chile. EM proman@ing.uchile.cl RI Roman, Pablo/G-1960-2011; Velasquez, Juan/H-3859-2013 OI Roman, Pablo/0000-0002-7105-9371; Velasquez, Juan/0000-0003-4819-9680 FU Chilean Millennium Institute of Complex Engineering Systems [ICM: P-05-004-F, CONICYT: FBO16]; FONDEF [D10I-1198] FX This work has been partially supported by the Chilean Millennium Institute of Complex Engineering Systems (ICM: P-05-004-F, CONICYT: FBO16) and its associated Engineering System Doctoral program, also FONDEF project D10I-1198 entitled, "WHALE: Web Hypermedia Analysis Latent Environment". We thank Naval Postgraduate School Professor Matt Carlyle for sharing his network modeling insights. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1088-467X EI 1571-4128 J9 INTELL DATA ANAL JI Intell. Data Anal. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 1 BP 43 EP 61 DI 10.3233/IDA-130627 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 286VU UT WOS:000329498200004 ER PT J AU Lewis, AC Burden, DK Wahl, KJ Everett, RK AF Lewis, Alexis C. Burden, Daniel K. Wahl, Kathryn J. Everett, Richard K. TI Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) Study of the Structure and Crystallography of the Barnacle Balanus amphitrite SO JOM LA English DT Article ID ANTIFOULING TECHNOLOGY; CALCITE; SHELL; COATINGS; MICROSTRUCTURE; MORPHOLOGY; REMOVAL; GROWTH AB This work presents novel mapping of the structure and crystallography of the shell of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. Calcium carbonate in the form of hexagonal calcite was observed, with fine crystallites on the order of 1 mu m in diameter forming clusters of similar orientation. While no apparent preferred orientation was measured in the parietal shell cross section, the base plate shell cross section revealed a preference for the alignment of the aOE (c) 0001 > direction at the exterior of the shell, rotating by 90A degrees toward the center of the base plate cross-section. These maps will be used to construct image-based models of the barnacle shell for further study of mechanical response. C1 [Lewis, Alexis C.; Wahl, Kathryn J.; Everett, Richard K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Burden, Daniel K.] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Lewis, AC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alexis.lewis@nrl.navy.mil OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964; Everett, Richard/0000-0002-6725-9442 FU Office of Naval Research through NRL's Base Program; ONR FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research through NRL's Base Program (A. C. L., R. K. E., and K. J. W.) and the ONRCoatings Program (D. K. B.). The authors wish to thank G. Wetzel and J. Hudson at Clemson University for preparation of the barnacle shell cross- sections for EBSD, and B. Orihuela and D. Rittschof for providing barnacles. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2014 VL 66 IS 1 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s11837-013-0793-y PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 285OW UT WOS:000329404400016 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Knipling, KE Rowenhorst, DJ AF Fonda, R. W. Knipling, K. E. Rowenhorst, D. J. TI EBSD Analysis of Friction Stir Weld Textures SO JOM LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; PERSISTENCE CHARACTERISTICS; IDEAL ORIENTATIONS; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; SIMPLE SHEAR; ALUMINUM; FLOW AB Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has become established as a convenient and accurate method for obtaining texture information. In friction stir welding, however, the complex, three-dimensional curvature of the deposited shear layers causes the textures to vary in orientation across the weld nugget. Only rarely are the EBSD data acquired in the shear deformation frame of reference. Thus, an analysis of those shear textures needs to take into consideration the local orientation of the shear deformation reference frame at the location of the analysis to appropriately identify the resultant texture. This article presents a systematic methodology for the analysis of friction stir weld textures that uses geometry-based rotations to align the analysis orientation to the local shear deformation frame of reference and thereby enable an accurate identification of the textures produced during the friction stir welding process. C1 [Fonda, R. W.; Knipling, K. E.; Rowenhorst, D. J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6350,2555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.fonda@nrl.navy.mil; keith.knipling@nrl.navy.mil; david.rowenhorst@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory under Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Naval Research Laboratory under the auspices of the Office of Naval Research. We have also appreciated helpful discussions with Tracy Nelson and Carl Sorensen (Brigham Young University). NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2014 VL 66 IS 1 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1007/s11837-013-0802-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 285OW UT WOS:000329404400017 ER PT J AU Tan, XL Hu, LM Reed, AH Furukawa, Y Zhang, GP AF Tan, Xiaoling Hu, Liming Reed, Allen H. Furukawa, Yoko Zhang, Guoping TI Flocculation and particle size analysis of expansive clay sediments affected by biological, chemical, and hydrodynamic factors SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Extracellular polymeric substances; Expansive clays; Flocculation; Hydrodynamics; Particle size; Salinity ID SOCIETY SOURCE CLAYS; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; BASE-LINE; GUAR GUM; MONTMORILLONITE; MINERALS; WATER; FLOC AB Expansive clay sediments are abundant in riverine and estuarine waters and bottom beds, and their particle size distributions (PSD) are important for the analysis of sediment transport. This paper presents an experimental study to evaluate, using a laser particle size analyzer under varying flow conditions, the intrinsic PSD of two expansive clays, a Ca- and a Na-montmorillonite and the influence of biological, chemical, and hydrodynamic factors on their flocculation and PSD. The considered biological factor consists of three extracellular polymeric substances of varying polarity, including xanthan gum, guar gum, and chitosan; the chemical factor is the salinity; and the hydrodynamic factor is the types of flow indicated by the Reynolds number and shear rate. The intrinsic PSD of both clays show a multimodal lognormal distribution with sizes ranging from 0.2 to 50 mu m. All three biopolymers, xanthan gum, guar gum, and chitosan, can facilitate flocculation through long-range polymer bridging and short-range ion-dipole interaction, hydrogen bonding, and Coulomb force. The influence of salinity is different for the two clays: the particle size of the Na-montmorillonite increases with salinity, which is caused by flocculation resulting from the suppressed electrical double layer, while that of the Ca-montmorillonite is slightly reduced owing to the decreased basal spacing and cation exchange. For different hydrodynamic conditions, higher shear rate promotes the flocculation of Ca-montmorillonite, but breaks the Na-montmorillonite flocs. The significance of understanding the flocculation and PSD of expansive clays is also discussed in terms of sediment transport under different aquatic environments. C1 [Tan, Xiaoling; Zhang, Guoping] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hu, Liming] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Reed, Allen H.; Furukawa, Yoko] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Zhang, GP (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM zhangg@umass.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00173-10-1-G013, 0601153N]; Overseas Collaboration Award of NSFC [51128901]; LSU Graduate School FX This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research (award no. N00173-10-1-G013) under program element number 0601153N. GZ was partially supported by the Overseas Collaboration Award of NSFC (grant no. 51128901). XT received the LSU Graduate School Economic Development Assistantship and a Supplement Award. The facilities used in this study were purchased using the fund from the Louisiana Board of Regents Enhancement Program. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 42 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 64 IS 1 BP 143 EP 157 DI 10.1007/s10236-013-0664-7 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 283LV UT WOS:000329248500010 ER PT J AU Darrow, CCJ Devito, MJF AF Darrow, Captain Cory J. Devito, Major Justin F. TI An Occurrence of Sepsis During Inpatient Fecal Disimpaction SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE constipation; sepsis; bacterial translocation; Escherichia coli ID BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; OBSTRUCTIVE-JAUNDICE; GUT TRANSLOCATION; ABDOMINAL-TRAUMA; LIVER RESECTION; CROHNS-DISEASE; HUMANS; ELECTROLYTES; CHILDREN AB Functional constipation is a common pediatric problem that is often treated through well-established algorithms. Fecal disimpaction is the initial therapeutic step, and severe cases require hospitalization for intensive therapies. We describe a significant unexpected complication of this common clinical situation. An 8-year-old boy with suspected chronic functional constipation was hospitalized for disimpaction by continuous nasogastric administration of polyethylene glycol electrolyte ( PEG-E) solution. On the sixth day of disimpaction, the patient abruptly developed fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Evaluation included blood culture, which grew Escherichia coli, and treatment with a course of appropriate antibiotics was provided. The safety of PEG-E solutions has been shown in studies of children with constipation, which made this patient's illness surprising. Several potential etiologies of his infection were considered, including bacterial translocation ( BT). BT is defined as the passage of live microbes and microbial products from the gastrointestinal tract to extraintestinal sites, such as the bloodstream. It has been shown to occur in a variety of clinical conditions but is of unclear clinical significance. In this case, physical damage to the intestinal mucosa was thought to contribute to the potential occurrence of BT, and prolonged disimpaction was considered as a risk factor. E coli sepsis in a child undergoing inpatient nasogastric fecal disimpaction with PEG-E represents a clinical problem never before reported in the literature and should increase clinicians' indices of suspicion for uncommon complications of common procedures. C1 [Darrow, Captain Cory J.; Devito, Major Justin F.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Darrow, CCJ (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Pediat, 620 John Paul Jones Cir, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM cory.darrow@med.navy.mil NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2014 VL 133 IS 1 BP E235 EP E239 DI 10.1542/peds.2012-2963 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 282JX UT WOS:000329168400028 PM 24366993 ER PT J AU Mendoza, EG Smith, KA AF Mendoza, Enrique G. Smith, Katherine A. TI Financial Globalization, Financial Crises, and the External Portfolio Structure of Emerging Markets SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Capital controls; financial crisis; financial liberalization; D52; E44; F32; F41 ID SUDDEN STOPS; PRICES; PRECAUTIONARY; DEBT AB We study the transitional dynamics of financial integration in emerging economies using a two-sector model with a collateral constraint on external debt and trading costs incurred by foreign investors. The probability of a financial crisis displays overshooting; it rises sharply initially and then falls sharply, but remains non-zero in the long run. While equity holdings fall permanently, bond holdings initially fall, but rise after the probability of a crisis peaks. Conversely, asset returns and asset prices first rise and then fall. These results are in line with the post-globalization dynamics observed in emerging markets, and the higher frequency of crises that they display. C1 [Mendoza, Enrique G.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Smith, Katherine A.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mendoza, EG (reprint author), Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM egme@sas.upenn.edu; ksmith@usna.edu NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0347-0520 EI 1467-9442 J9 SCAND J ECON JI Scand. J. Econ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 BP 20 EP 57 DI 10.1111/sjoe.12039 PG 38 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 284KC UT WOS:000329314400003 ER PT J AU Jenkins, PP Messenger, S Trautz, KM Maximenko, SI Goldstein, D Scheiman, D Hoheisel, R Walters, RJ AF Jenkins, Phillip P. Messenger, Scott Trautz, Kelly M. Maximenko, Sergey I. Goldstein, David Scheiman, David Hoheisel, Raymond Walters, Robert J. TI High-Bandgap Solar Cells for Underwater Photovoltaic Applications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE III-V semiconductor materials; photovoltaic cell; spectral shape; underwater (UW) technology AB Autonomous systems are increasingly used to provide situational awareness and long-term environment monitoring. Photovoltaics (PV) are favored as a long-endurance power source for many of these applications. To date, the use of PV is limited to space and terrestrial (dry-land) installations. The need for a persistent power source also exists for underwater (UW) systems, which currently rely on surface PV arrays or batteries. In this paper, we demonstrate that high-bandgap-InGaP solar cells can provide useful power UW. C1 [Jenkins, Phillip P.; Messenger, Scott; Trautz, Kelly M.; Maximenko, Sergey I.; Goldstein, David; Scheiman, David; Walters, Robert J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hoheisel, Raymond] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Jenkins, PP (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nrl_pv_research@nrl.navy.mil; hoheisel@gwu.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank the NOAA Florida Keys Marine Sanctuary and the NRL Marine Corrosion and Coatings Facility for their cooperation. This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-3381 J9 IEEE J PHOTOVOLT JI IEEE J. Photovolt. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 4 IS 1 BP 202 EP 207 DI 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2283578 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 280NZ UT WOS:000329038800032 ER PT J AU Hirst, LC Fujii, H Wang, YP Sugiyama, M Ekins-Daukes, NJ AF Hirst, Louise C. Fujii, Hiromasa Wang, Yunpeng Sugiyama, Masakazu Ekins-Daukes, Nicholas J. TI Hot Carriers in Quantum Wells for Photovoltaic Efficiency Enhancement SO IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE Hot carrier solar cell (HCSC); quantum well (QW) ID SOLAR-CELLS; GAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SCATTERING; ELECTRONS; CONTACTS; PHONONS; RATES AB In a hot carrier solar cell, the steady-state carrier population is hot relative to the surrounding lattice. This requires an absorber material which restricts carrier-phonon interaction and, therefore, reduces entropic loss during thermalization. The limiting efficiency of these devices approaches 85%: the Carnot limit for a solar energy collector. A spectroscopic analysis of GaAsP/InGaAs quantum well structures shows that carrier cooling in single quantum well samples is dominated by the rate of radiative recombination, leading to unprecedented carrier cooling lifetime (tau = 5.8 +/- 0.1 ns). This exceptional lifetime arises due to state saturation, frustrating the carrier scattering processes. A steady-state carrier population temperature >100 K above the lattice temperature is measured under illumination equivalent to 10 000 Suns. We calculate the projected efficiency >40% for a device with these characteristics, amounting to a 3% efficiency enhancement over equivalent single-junction devices. C1 [Hirst, Louise C.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fujii, Hiromasa; Wang, Yunpeng; Sugiyama, Masakazu] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Ekins-Daukes, Nicholas J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Hirst, LC (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM louise.hirst.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; fujii@hotaka.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp; wangyunpeng@hotaka.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp; sugiyama@ee.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp; n.ekins-daukes@imperial.ac.uk RI Sugiyama, Masakazu/P-9616-2015 OI Sugiyama, Masakazu/0000-0002-4303-4038 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-3381 J9 IEEE J PHOTOVOLT JI IEEE J. Photovolt. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 4 IS 1 BP 244 EP 252 DI 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2289321 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 280NZ UT WOS:000329038800038 ER PT J AU Hoheisel, R Gonzalez, M Lumb, MP Scheiman, DA Messenger, SR Bailey, CG Lorentzen, J Tibbits, TND Imaizumi, M Ohshima, T Sato, S Jenkins, PP Walters, RJ AF Hoheisel, R. Gonzalez, M. Lumb, M. P. Scheiman, D. A. Messenger, S. R. Bailey, C. G. Lorentzen, J. Tibbits, T. N. D. Imaizumi, M. Ohshima, T. Sato, S. Jenkins, P. P. Walters, R. J. TI Quantum-Well Solar Cells for Space: The Impact of Carrier Removal on End-of-Life Device Performance SO IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE III-V semiconductor materials; photovoltaic cells; quantum-well devices; radiation effects ID IRRADIATION AB In this paper, a detailed analysis on the radiation response of solar cells with multi quantum wells (MQW) included in the quasi-intrinsic region between the emitter and the base layer is presented. While the primary source of radiation damage of photovoltaic devices is minority carrier lifetime reduction, we found that in the case of MQW devices, carrier removal (CR) effects are also observed. Experimental measurements and numerical simulations reveal that with increasing radiation dose, CR can cause the initially quasi-intrinsic background doping of the MQW region to become specifically n- or p-type. This can result in a significant narrowing and even the collapse of the electric field between the emitter and the base where the MQWs are located. The implications of the CR-induced modification of the electric field on the current-voltage characteristics and on the collection efficiency of carriers generated within the emitter, the MQW region, and the base are discussed for different radiation dose conditions. This paper concludes with a discussion of improved radiation hard MQW device designs. C1 [Hoheisel, R.; Lumb, M. P.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Gonzalez, M.] Sotera Def Solut, Crofton, MD 20701 USA. [Scheiman, D. A.; Messenger, S. R.; Bailey, C. G.; Lorentzen, J.; Jenkins, P. P.; Walters, R. J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tibbits, T. N. D.] QuantaSol Ltd, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 3GZ, Surrey, England. [Imaizumi, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Ohshima, T.; Sato, S.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Gunma 3701292, Japan. RP Hoheisel, R (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM hoheisel@gwu.edu; maria.gonzalez@soteradefense.com; mlumb@gwu.edu; david.scheiman@nrl_pv_research@nrl.navy.mil; Scott.Messenger@nrl_pv_research@nrl.navy.mil; christopher.bailey.ctr@nrl_pv_research@nrl.navy.mil; justin.lorentzen@nrl_pv_research@nrl.navy.mil; tom.tibbits@gmail.com; imaizumi.mitsuru@jaxa.jp; ohshima.takeshi20@jaea.go.jp; sato.shinichiro@jaea.go.jp; phillip.jenkins@nrl_pv_research@nrl.navy.mil; robert.walters@nrl_pv_research@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX Manuscript received June 16, 2013; revised August 16, 2013 and October 7, 2013; accepted October 17, 2013. Date of publication November 27, 2013; date of current version December 16, 2013. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-3381 J9 IEEE J PHOTOVOLT JI IEEE J. Photovolt. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 4 IS 1 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2289935 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 280NZ UT WOS:000329038800039 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Phang, D An, TY Yi, JS Kenney, R Uhan, NA AF Kim, Sung-Hee Phang, Daniel An, Tuyin Yi, Ji Soo Kenney, Rachael Uhan, Nelson A. TI POETIC: Interactive solutions to alleviate the reversal error in student-professor type problems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Mathematics education; Reversal error; Interactive visualization; Test-Case; Room-Metaphor ID VISUALIZATION; FORMULATION; MODELS AB The reversal error reversing the relationship between two variables in a mathematical word problem is a long-standing issue in mathematics education, despite its apparent simplicity. In this paper, we describe and study POETIC, an interactive web-based environment we developed to teach users to avoid the reversal error. POETIC uses two types of novel interactive visualization, called the Test-Case and Room-Metaphor approaches. To verify the effectiveness of these approaches, we conducted crowdsourcing-based comparison studies with 200 participants and found that both approaches significantly decreased the frequency of reversal errors for certain types of word problems. Our results show that interactive visualization of equations can reduce the occurrence of the reversal error. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Sung-Hee; Yi, Ji Soo] Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Phang, Daniel] Lehigh Univ, PC Rossin Coll Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [An, Tuyin; Kenney, Rachael] Purdue Univ, Dept Curriculum & Instruct, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kenney, Rachael] Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Uhan, Nelson A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Yi, JS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM yijisoo@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [1044182]; Purdue Engineer of Seed Grant Program FX This material is based upon work supported by the Purdue Engineer of 2020 Seed Grant Program and the National Science Foundation (Grant no. 1044182). We also appreciate Dr. Yukiko Maeda for her thoughtful review and suggestions for our statistical analysis, and all of the human subjects who participated in this study. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1071-5819 EI 1095-9300 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT ST JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 72 IS 1 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2013.09.010 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA 275WU UT WOS:000328710700002 ER PT J AU Bilbao, M Spaniol, A Bearss, J Schellhase, C Shippey, S Aungst, M AF Bilbao, Michelle Spaniol, Alison Bearss, Jeremy Schellhase, Chris Shippey, Stuart Aungst, Matthew TI Histology surrounding cystotomy healing in a Sprague-Dawley rat model SO INTERNATIONAL UROGYNECOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Armed Forces District Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Obstetrics-and-Gynecology CY OCT 07-10, 2012 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Coll Obstet & Gynecol DE Cystotomy; Fibrin plug; Wound healing; Wound phase ID BLADDER; TRACT AB The purpose of this study was to histologically chronicle wound healing following cystotomy repair using a small animal model. Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this study. Twenty-eight rats underwent a vertical cystotomy in the bladder dome, which was repaired in a single continuous fashion. Two rats served as histological controls. Following cystotomy repair, groups of three to four rats were studied at single day intervals for 4 days, then at 2-day intervals until 10 days post-repair. The animal bladders were harvested and examined for inflammation, scar formation, and bladder healing. Thirty rat bladders were histologically examined. An inflammatory wound phase was observed during the first 4 days after wounding. Transition from acute to chronic inflammation was observed at day 2 with chronic inflammation persisting through day 10. Inflammation severity peaked 4 days post-wounding without regression through day 10. Evidence of proliferative phase wound healing was first observed 4 days post-wounding. Early increases in wound healing are due to inflammatory events such as fibrin plugging of the wound. Later developments after day 4 are due to wound proliferation, collagen deposition, and re-epithelialization. Additionally, wound healing in the rat bladder is observed on a continuum and not necessarily in discrete stages observed on precisely the same postoperative day in each animal. C1 [Bilbao, Michelle; Spaniol, Alison; Shippey, Stuart; Aungst, Matthew] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA 23462 USA. [Bearss, Jeremy; Schellhase, Chris] Joint Pathol Ctr, Dept Vet Pathol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Aungst, M (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23462 USA. EM matt.aungst@yahoo.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-3462 EI 1433-3023 J9 INT UROGYNECOL J JI Int. Urogynecol. J. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 25 IS 1 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s00192-013-2165-0 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology GA 281JW UT WOS:000329098400014 PM 23835812 ER PT J AU Polisensky, E Ricotti, M AF Polisensky, E. Ricotti, M. TI Massive Milky Way satellites in cold and warm dark matter: dependence on cosmology SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: dwarf; galaxies: haloes; cosmology: theory ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; 1ST GALAXIES; LAMBDA-CDM; GALACTIC SATELLITES; BRIGHT SATELLITES; DENSITY PROFILE; DWARF GALAXIES; TOO SMALL; HALOES; SUBHALOES AB We investigate the claim that the largest subhaloes in high-resolution dissipationless cold dark matter (CDM) simulations of the Milky Way are dynamically inconsistent with observations of its most luminous satellites. We find that the inconsistency is largely attributable to the large values of Sigma(8) and n(s) adopted in the discrepant simulations, producing satellites that form too early and therefore are too dense. We find the tension between observations and simulations adopting parameters consistent with WMAP9 is greatly diminished, making the satellites a sensitive test of CDM. We find the Via Lactea II halo to be atypical for haloes in a WMAP3 cosmology, a discrepancy that we attribute to its earlier formation epoch than the mean for its mass. We also explore warm dark matter (WDM) cosmologies for 1-4 keV thermal relics. In 1 keV cosmologies, subhaloes have circular velocities at kpc scales similar to 60 per cent lower than their CDM counterparts, but are reduced by only 10 per cent in 4 keV cosmologies. Since relic masses < 2-3 keV are ruled out by constraints from the number of Milky Way satellites and Lyman alpha forest, WDM has a minor effect in reducing the densities of massive satellites. Given the uncertainties on the mass and formation epoch of the Milky Way, the need for reducing the satellite densities with baryonic effects or WDM is alleviated. C1 [Polisensky, E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ricotti, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20745 USA. [Ricotti, M.] Univ Paris 04, ILP, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Polisensky, E (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM desade78@gmail.com; ricotti@astro.umd.edu FU US Office of Naval Research; Edison Memorial Graduate Training Program at the Naval Research Laboratory; NASA [NNX10AH10G]; NSF [CMMI1125285] FX We thank Owen Parry for help runnning SUBFIND, Jurg Diemand for help accessing Via Lactea II data and Michael Boylan-Kolchin for useful discussions. The simulations presented in this work were run on the DEEPTHOUGHT computing cluster at the University of Maryland College Park, the Cray XE6 GARNET at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, the retired Cray XE6 RAPTOR and the SGI Ice X SPIRIT at the US Air Force Research Laboratory. Basic research in astrophysics at NRL is funded by the US Office of Naval Research. EP acknowledges support under the Edison Memorial Graduate Training Program at the Naval Research Laboratory. MR's research is supported by NASA grant NNX10AH10G and NSF CMMI1125285. NR 59 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 437 IS 3 BP 2922 EP 2931 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2105 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 282GQ UT WOS:000329158900070 ER PT J AU Sanger, NT Montgomery, MT Smith, RK Bell, MM AF Sanger, Neil T. Montgomery, Michael T. Smith, Roger K. Bell, Michael M. TI An Observational Study of Tropical Cyclone Spinup in Supertyphoon Jangmi (2008) from 24 to 27 September SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear dynamics; Boundary layer; Hurricanes; typhoons; Dropsondes; Radars; Radar observations; Satellite observations ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; PART I; INTENSIFICATION; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; CORE; CYCLOGENESIS AB An observational study of tropical cyclone intensification is performed using dropsondes, in situ flight-level data, satellite imagery, and Electra Doppler Radar (ELDORA) during the spinup of Tropical Storm Jangmi (2008) in the western North Pacific. This event was observed with research aircraft during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS08) field experiment over the course of 3 days as Jangmi intensified rapidly from a tropical storm to a supertyphoon. The dropsonde analysis indicates that the peak azimuthally averaged storm-relative tangential wind speed occurs persistently within the boundary layer throughout the spinup period and suggests that significant supergradient winds are present near and just within the radius of maximum tangential winds. An examination of the ELDORA data in Tropical Storm Jangmi reveals multiple rotating updrafts near the developing eye beneath cold cloud top temperatures -65 degrees C. In particular, there is a 12-km-wide, upright updraft with a peak velocity of 9 m s(-1) with collocated strong low-level (z < 2 km) convergence of 2 x 10(-3) s(-1) and intense relative vorticity of 4 x 10(-3) s(-1). The analysis of the corresponding infrared satellite imagery suggests that vortical updrafts are common before and during rapid intensification. The findings of this study support a recent paradigm of tropical cyclone intensification in which rotating convective clouds are important elements in the spinup process. In a system-scale view of this process, the maximum tangential wind is found within the boundary layer, where the tangential wind becomes supergradient before the air ascends into the eyewall updraft. C1 [Sanger, Neil T.] US Air Force Weather, Barksdale AFB, LA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Bell, Michael M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sanger, NT (reprint author), US Air Force Global Strike Command, 245 Davis Ave East,Suite 151, Barksdale AFB, LA 71111 USA. EM neil.sanger@us.af.mil RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009 OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X FU U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, the Office of Naval Research [N001408WR20129]; National Science Foundation [TCS08/TPARC] FX We are grateful to the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, the Office of Naval Research (Grant N001408WR20129), and the National Science Foundation for sponsoring the TCS08/TPARC field experiment, supporting our participation in the experiment, and facilitating our analysis of the data. We thank Peter Black at the Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey and Russ Elsberry, Frank Giraldo, and Pat Harr at Naval Postgraduate School for their helpful comments. We express our gratitude also to NOAA/HRD for providing the Willoughby and Chelmow (1982) derived storm centers for Jangmi. We extend our appreciation to NCAR/EOL for providing the quality controlled drop-sonde and NRL P-3 flight-level data for analysis. Last, we would like to offer our sincere thanks to the brave NRL P-3 and WC-130J "Hurricane Hunter'' aircrews that courageously flew into these tropical tempests to collect data so that we may better understand the spinup process. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 142 IS 1 BP 3 EP 28 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00306.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 282UX UT WOS:000329200200001 ER PT J AU Doyle, JD Amerault, C Reynolds, CA Reinecke, PA AF Doyle, James D. Amerault, Clark Reynolds, Carolyn A. Reinecke, P. Alex TI Initial Condition Sensitivity and Predictability of a Severe Extratropical Cyclone Using a Moist Adjoint SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Extratropical cyclones; Cyclogenesis; cyclolysis; Mesoscale models; Nonhydrostatic models ID EAST-COAST SNOWSTORM; 24-25 JANUARY 2000; SINGULAR VECTORS; MESOSCALE PREDICTABILITY; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; BAROCLINIC WAVES; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; OPTIMAL PERTURBATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS AB The sensitivity and predictability of a rapidly developing extratropical cyclone, Xynthia, that had a severe impact on Europe is explored using a high-resolution moist adjoint modeling system. The adjoint diagnostics indicate that the intensity of severe winds associated with the front just prior to landfall was particularly sensitive to perturbations in the moisture and temperature fields and to a lesser degree the wind fields. The sensitivity maxima are found in the low- and midlevels, oriented in a sloped region along the warm front, and maximized within the warm conveyor belt. The moisture sensitivity indicates that only a relatively small filament of moisture within an atmospheric river present at the initial time was critically important for the development of Xynthia. Adjoint-based optimal perturbations introduced into the tangent linear and nonlinear models exhibit rapid growth over 36 h, while initial perturbations of the opposite sign show substantial weakening of the low-level jet and a marked reduction in the spatial extent of the strong low-level winds. The sensitivity fields exhibit an upshear tilt along the sloping warm conveyor belt and front, and the perturbations extract energy from the mean flow as they are untilted by the shear, consistent with the PV unshielding mechanism. The results of this study underscore the need for accurate moisture observations and data assimilation systems that can adequately assimilate these observations in order to reduce the forecast uncertainties for these severe extratropical cyclones. However, given the nature of the sensitivities and the potential for rapid perturbation and error growth, the intrinsic predictability of severe cyclones such as Xynthia is likely limited. C1 [Doyle, James D.; Amerault, Clark; Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Reinecke, P. Alex] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM james.doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 FU Chief of Naval Research through the NRL Base Program [PE 0601153N]; Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Centers, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi FX This research is supported by the Chief of Naval Research through the NRL Base Program, PE 0601153N. We appreciate the comments and helpful suggestions of the editor, David M. Schultz, and two anonymous reviewers. We thank Larry O'Neil of Oregon State University for providing Fig. 5a. Computational resources were supported in part by a grant of HPC time from the Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Centers, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. NR 81 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 142 IS 1 BP 320 EP 342 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00201.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 282UX UT WOS:000329200200019 ER PT J AU Eckermann, SD McCormack, JP Ma, J Hogan, TF Zawdie, KA AF Eckermann, Stephen D. McCormack, John P. Ma, Jun Hogan, Timothy F. Zawdie, Katherine A. TI Stratospheric Analysis and Forecast Errors Using Hybrid and Sigma Coordinates SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Forecast verification; skill; Data assimilation; Model errors; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Reanalysis data; Vertical coordinates ID PRESSURE-GRADIENT FORCE; VERTICAL COORDINATE; NAVDAS-AR; MODEL; FORMULATION; ENERGY; TESTS; VERSION; WAVES AB Past investigations have documented large divergent wind anomalies in stratospheric reanalyses over steep terrain, which were attributed to discretization errors produced by the terrain-following (sigma) vertical coordinate in the forecast model. However, forecasting experiments have reported negligible differences in skill between sigma- and hybrid-coordinate models. This leads to the paradoxical conclusion that discretization errors in the forecast model yield significant stratospheric analysis errors, but insignificant stratospheric forecast errors. The authors reexamine this issue by performing two forecast-assimilation experiments that are identical except for the vertical coordinate: one uses a sigma coordinate and the other uses a hybrid coordinate. The sigma-coordinate analyses exhibit large divergent wind anomalies over terrain that extend from the surface to the model top and distort explicitly resolved orographic gravity waves. Above the tropopause, divergent wind errors are suppressed by an order of magnitude or more in the hybrid-coordinate analyses. Over a 3-month period, stratospheric skill scores in the hybrid experiment show statistically significant improvements relative to the sigma experiment. Previous studies, which found no such differences, all used forecasts initialized from a common archived analysis. The results show that the dominant pathway for error growth and net skill impacts is via 0-9-h forecast backgrounds cycling successively through the data assimilation phase without significant observational correction. The skill impacts noted here should further motivate weather and climate models to adopt a hybrid coordinate with the best error suppression characteristics for a given modeling application. C1 [Eckermann, Stephen D.; McCormack, John P.; Zawdie, Katherine A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ma, Jun] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. [Hogan, Timothy F.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Eckermann, SD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the NRL 6.1 work unit; ONR Departmental Research Initiative FX These NAVGEM runs were facilitated by a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center (DSRC), and we thank our NRL colleagues Jim Ridout, Ben Ruston, Tim Whitcomb, and Karl Hoppel for helping us to run NAVGEM on Navy DSRC systems. Helpful comments on earlier drafts by Jim Doyle, Carolyn Reynolds, and two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the NRL 6.1 work unit "The Boundary Paradox" and the ONR Departmental Research Initiative "Prediction of Seasonal and Intraseasonal Oscillations." NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 142 IS 1 BP 476 EP 485 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00203.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 282UX UT WOS:000329200200028 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Larson, GE Lauby, MDH Padilla, GA Wilson, IE Schmied, EA Highfill-McRoy, RM Morgan, CA AF Taylor, Marcus K. Larson, Gerald E. Lauby, Melissa D. Hiller Padilla, Genieleah A. Wilson, Ingrid E. Schmied, Emily A. Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M. Morgan, Charles A., III TI Sex differences in cardiovascular and subjective stress reactions: prospective evidence in a realistic military setting SO STRESS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON THE BIOLOGY OF STRESS LA English DT Article DE Cardiovascular; dissociation; military; sex differences; stress; survival ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS; HEART-RATE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; PERITRAUMATIC REACTIONS; DISORDER; HUMANS; DISSOCIATION; PTSD; RESPONSES; SYMPTOMS AB Evidence points to heightened physiological arousal in response to acute stress exposure as both a prospective indicator and a core characteristic of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Because females may be at higher risk for PTSD development, it is important to evaluate sex differences in acute stress reactions. This study characterized sex differences in cardiovascular and subjective stress reactions among military survival trainees. One hundred and eighty-five military members (78% males) were studied before, during, and 24 h after stressful mock captivity. Cardiovascular (heart rate [HR], systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP]) and dissociative states were measured at all three time points. Psychological impact of mock captivity was assessed during recovery. General linear modeling with repeated measures evaluated sex differences for each cardiovascular endpoint, and causal steps modeling was used to explore interrelationships among sex, cardiovascular reactions and psychological impact of mock captivity. Although females had lower SBP than males at all three time points, the difference was most pronounced at baseline and during stress. Accordingly, females showed greater residual elevation in SBP during recovery. Females had lower DBP at all three time points. In addition, females reported greater psychological impact of mock captivity than males. Exploratory causal steps modeling suggested that stress-induced HR may partially mediate the effect of sex on psychological impact of mock captivity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated sex-specific cardiovascular stress reactions in military personnel, along with greater psychological impact of stress exposure in females. This research may elucidate sex differences in PTSD development. C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.; Larson, Gerald E.; Padilla, Genieleah A.; Wilson, Ingrid E.; Schmied, Emily A.; Highfill-McRoy, Robyn M.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci Lab, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Taylor, Marcus K.] San Diego State Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Taylor, Marcus K.] Arizona State Univ, Inst Interdisciplinary Salivary Biosci Res, Tempe, AZ USA. [Lauby, Melissa D. Hiller] Ctr Secur Forces Detachment North Isl, San Diego, CA USA. [Morgan, Charles A., III] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Morgan, Charles A., III] VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, West Haven, CT USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci Lab, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM marc.taylor@med.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [34] FX This study was supported by a grant from the Office of Naval Research, Code 34 (Warfighter Performance). This work was performed under work unit number 61124. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (Protocol NHRC.2011.0033). The authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 5 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1025-3890 EI 1607-8888 J9 STRESS JI Stress PD JAN PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.3109/10253890.2013.869208 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 279FO UT WOS:000328946000007 PM 24320603 ER PT J AU Ludeno, G Flampouris, S Lugni, C Soldovieri, F Serafino, F AF Ludeno, G. Flampouris, S. Lugni, C. Soldovieri, F. Serafino, F. TI A Novel Approach Based on Marine Radar Data Analysis for High-Resolution Bathymetry Map Generation SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bathymetry; sea state monitoring; shallow coastal areas; X-band radar system ID X-BAND RADAR AB This letter deals with the analysis of a novel data processing approach to estimate the local depth in a shallow coastal area starting from data collected by an in situ X-band radar system. The reconstruction approach is based on the maximization of the normalized scalar product (NSP) between the measured and the theoretical wave dispersion relation, which embeds the dependence on the searched for parameter (local depth). The use of NSP approach allows obtaining a high-resolution spatial map of the investigated area, and a thorough statistical analysis is carried out by comparing the local depth estimation results with the ground-truth data made available by a multi-beam echo-sounder survey. In addition, the improved accuracy of the NSP approach is demonstrated with respect to other methods previously used for the analysis of the same area. C1 [Ludeno, G.; Soldovieri, F.; Serafino, F.] CNR, Inst Electromagnet Sensing Environm, I-80124 Naples, Italy. [Lugni, C.] CNR, CNR INSEAN Maritime Res Inst, I-00128 Rome, Italy. [Flampouris, S.] Univ S Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Flampouris, S.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ludeno, G (reprint author), CNR, Inst Electromagnet Sensing Environm, I-80124 Naples, Italy. EM ludeno.g@irea.cnr.it; stylianos.flampouris.ctr.gr@nrlssc.navy.mil; c.lugni@insean.it; soldovieri.f@irea.cnr.it; serafino.f@irea.cnr.it RI Lugni, Claudio/C-5382-2016; OI Lugni, Claudio/0000-0003-3747-6048; Ludeno, Giovanni/0000-0001-5672-2721; SOLDOVIERI, FRANCESCO/0000-0002-0377-3127 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 11 IS 1 BP 234 EP 238 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2254107 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 275SS UT WOS:000328698400049 ER PT J AU Millar, RC Giammarco, K AF Millar, Richard C. Giammarco, Kristin TI Integrated Instrumentation and Sensor Systems Functional Model and Taxonomy SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Architecture; Instrumentation; Probe instruments; Equipment and machinery; Control systems; Validation; Aerospace engineering; Architecture; Instrumentation; Sensors; Taxonomy; Aerospace; Equipment ID LANGASITE AB This article presents a systems engineering functional architecture tailored to guide the development of integrated instrumentation/sensor systems (IISSs; incorporating communications media and interconnections and signal acquisition) for application to aerospace equipment in the following activities: test and evaluation, system diagnostics and health management (DHM), and advanced system control. The functional architecture suggested a taxonomy for IISSs based on defined variants of the functional architecture and morphological variations on the functional elements. The functional architecture and derived taxonomy focus attention on the sensor system interfaces and the transformations of the sensed parameters as the key to the definition and categorization of new configurations and implementation of integrated IISSs that promise to support the following: improved aerospace system verification and validation, more effective and responsive equipment health management, and a greater scope for precise control of system behavior and performance. C1 [Millar, Richard C.; Giammarco, Kristin] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Millar, RC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rcmillar@nps.edu; kmgiamma@nps.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 EI 1943-5525 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 1 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000229 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 273TL UT WOS:000328559100014 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Wang, SP AF Jiang, Qingfang Wang, Shouping TI Aerosol Replenishment and Cloud Morphology: A VOCALS Example SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Boundary layer; Drizzle; Cloud droplets; Cumulus clouds; Large eddy simulations; Nonlinear models ID SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; OPEN CELLS; CELLULAR STRUCTURES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PRECIPITATION; REX; CONVECTION AB The impact of aerosol replenishment in a stratocumulus-topped boundary layer (STBL) on cloud morphology and albedo is examined using a large-eddy simulation (LES) model in conjunction with a prey-predator-type dynamical model following Koren and Feingold. In both the LES and the prey-predator models, the aerosol replenishment is represented as a relaxation term toward an ambient aerosol concentration with a time scale . The LESs suggest the existence of three distinct cloud regimes corresponding to different aerosol relaxation times. Specifically, for a small , the simulations are characterized by a large aerosol concentration, weak precipitation, relatively thick cloud depth, and closed cells. For a moderate , the simulated clouds exhibit open cellular patterns, in accordance with low aerosol concentration and moderate precipitation that oscillates in time. For a large , the aerosol may be depleted by intense drizzling and accordingly the cloud disappears. The critical aerosol relaxation times that separate these regimes vary with the ambient aerosol number concentration and cloud depth. Solutions from the low-order dynamical model with parameters relevant to the LESs are in general consistent with the LES results and provide further insight into the interplay among clouds, aerosol, and precipitation. C1 [Jiang, Qingfang; Wang, Shouping] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) Program Element (PE) [0601153 N]; U.S. National Science Foundation FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Program Element (PE) 0601153 N. The authors want to thank Drs. H. Wang and G. Feingold for helpful discussions about the two-moment cloud microphysics and the predator-prey model. The primary sponsor of VOCALS is the U.S. National Science Foundation. Computational resources were supported by a grant of HPC time from the Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Centers. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 300 EP 311 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0128.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 278ZM UT WOS:000328928400017 ER PT J AU Baker, BW McNelley, TR Brewer, LN AF Baker, B. W. McNelley, T. R. Brewer, L. N. TI Grain size and particle dispersion effects on the tensile behavior of friction stir welded MA956 oxide dispersion strengthened steel from low to elevated temperatures SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Friction stir welding; Oxide dispersion strengthened steel; MA956 ID NANOSTRUCTURED FERRITIC ALLOY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INCOLOY MA956; IRON-ALLOYS; PROGRESS; MICROSTRUCTURE; CHALLENGES; DEPENDENCE; TEXTURE; MODELS AB This paper shows the dependence of tensile behavior of friction stir welded oxide dispersion strengthened steel (MA956) on testing temperature and welding parameters. Eight welding conditions were utilized and three produced consolidated defect-free welds in MA956 plate material. Tensile samples were prepared from the welded plate and were subjected to tensile testing with a strain rate of 10(-3) s(-1) over temperatures from ambient to 600 degrees C. The base plate material possessed a fine-grained microstructure that exhibited limited ductility, high yield strength, and moderate strain hardening at low temperatures. At elevated temperatures the base plate was more ductile and possessed limited strain hardening. Friction stir welding caused a significant (42%) reduction in yield strength at low temperatures and a corresponding increase in ductility compared to the base plate material. These changes became more pronounced as the heat input increased. The change in tensile behavior was the result of ferrite grain and oxide particle coarsening. The effect of grain coarsening was well-described by the Hall-Petch relationship and oxide particle coarsening resulted in the loss of particle strengthening. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Baker, B. W.; McNelley, T. R.; Brewer, L. N.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Baker, BW (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, 700 Dyer RD,Watkins Hall Room 331, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bwbaker@nps.edu; trmcnelley@nps.edu; lnbrewer@nps.edu RI Baker, Bradford/H-9709-2014 OI Baker, Bradford/0000-0002-1183-5586 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work in part was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 589 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2013.09.092 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 273FX UT WOS:000328521800027 ER PT J AU Efstathiou, A Pearson, C Farrah, D Rigopoulou, D Gracia-Carpio, J Verma, A Spoon, HWW Afonso, J Bernard-Salas, J Clements, DL Cooray, A Cormier, D Etxaluze, M Fischer, J Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Hurley, P Lebouteiller, V Oliver, SJ Rowan-Robinson, M Sturm, E AF Efstathiou, A. Pearson, C. Farrah, D. Rigopoulou, D. Gracia-Carpio, J. Verma, A. Spoon, H. W. W. Afonso, J. Bernard-Salas, J. Clements, D. L. Cooray, A. Cormier, D. Etxaluze, M. Fischer, J. Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Hurley, P. Lebouteiller, V. Oliver, S. J. Rowan-Robinson, M. Sturm, E. TI Herschel observations and a model for IRAS 08572+3915: a candidate for the most luminous infrared galaxy in the local (z < 0.2) Universe SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (IRAS 08572+3915); infrared: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; SILICATE ABSORPTION; STARBURST GALAXIES; CIRRUS MODELS; CLUMPY TORI; DUSTY TORI AB We present Herschel photometry and spectroscopy, carried out as part of the Herschel ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) survey, and a model for the infrared to submillimetre emission of the ULIRG IRAS 08572+3915. This source shows one of the deepest known silicate absorption features and no polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission. The model suggests that this object is powered by an active galactic nucleus (AGN) with a fairly smooth torus viewed almost edge-on and a very young starburst. According to our model, the AGN contributes about 90 per cent of the total luminosity of 1.1 x 10(13) L-circle dot, which is about a factor of 5 higher than previous estimates. The large correction of the luminosity is due to the anisotropy of the emission of the best-fitting torus. Similar corrections may be necessary for other local and high-z analogues. This correction implies that IRAS 08572+3915 at a redshift of 0.058 35 may be the nearest hyperluminous infrared galaxy and probably the most luminous infrared galaxy in the local (z < 0.2) Universe. IRAS 08572+3915 shows a low ratio of [C II] to IR luminosity (log L-[C II]/L-IR < -3.8) and a [OI] 63 mu m to [CII] 158 mu m line ratio of about 1 that supports the model presented in this Letter. C1 [Efstathiou, A.] European Univ Cyprus, Sch Sci, CY-1516 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Pearson, C.; Rigopoulou, D.] CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Pearson, C.; Bernard-Salas, J.] Open Univ, Dept Phys, Astrophys Grp, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Farrah, D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Rigopoulou, D.; Verma, A.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Gracia-Carpio, J.; Sturm, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Spoon, H. W. W.; Lebouteiller, V.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Afonso, J.] Univ Lisbon, Observ Astron Lisboa, Ctr Astron Astrofis, P-1349018 Lisbon, Portugal. [Afonso, J.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Bernard-Salas, J.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Clements, D. L.; Rowan-Robinson, M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Cooray, A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Cormier, D.] Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Inst Theoret Astrophys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Etxaluze, M.] CSIC INTA, Ctr Astrobiol, Dept Astrofis, E-28850 Madrid, Spain. Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis & Matemat, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Spain. [Hurley, P.; Oliver, S. J.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Lebouteiller, V.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA DSM, DAPNIA Serv Astrophys,Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Efstathiou, A (reprint author), European Univ Cyprus, Sch Sci, Diogenes St, CY-1516 Nicosia, Cyprus. EM a.efstathiou@euc.ac.cy RI Afonso, Jose/B-5185-2013 OI Afonso, Jose/0000-0002-9149-2973 FU US ONR; NHSC; Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Program [272820]; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [AYA2010-21697-C05-0, FIS2012-39162-C06-01]; ASTROMADRID [S2009ESP-1496]; ASTROMOL [CSD2009-00038]; Spanish MINECO [AYA2009-07304, AYA2012-32032]; Science and Technology Foundation (FCT, Portugal) [PTDC/CTE-AST/105287/2008, PEst-OE/FIS/UI2751/2011, PTDC/FIS-AST/2194/2012] FX Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA. Basic research in IR astronomy at NRL is funded by the US ONR. JF also acknowledges support from the NHSC. JBS acknowledges support from a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Program under project number 272820. EG-A is a Research Associate at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for support under projects AYA2010-21697-C05-0 and FIS2012-39162-C06-01. ME acknowledges support from ASTROMADRID (grant S2009ESP-1496), ASTROMOL (CSD2009-00038) and the Spanish MINECO (AYA2009-07304 and AYA2012-32032). JA acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Foundation (FCT, Portugal) through the research grants PTDC/CTE-AST/105287/2008, PEst-OE/FIS/UI2751/2011 and PTDC/FIS-AST/2194/2012. We also thank an anonymous referee for his comments and suggestions. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 437 IS 1 BP L16 EP L20 DI 10.1093/mnrasl/slt131 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271EB UT WOS:000328373000004 ER PT J AU Young, CN Clayton, CR Yesinowski, JP Wynne, JH Watson, KE AF Young, Christopher N. Clayton, Clive R. Yesinowski, James P. Wynne, James H. Watson, Kelly E. TI Physicochemical investigation of chemical paint removers: Interactions of methylene chloride with polyurethane coatings SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article DE Paint stripping; Methylene chloride; Spectroscopy; Polyurethane ID ACTIVE UNIAXIAL DEFORMATION; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FREE-VOLUME; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; POLYMERS; SPECTRA; SOLVATION; DIFFUSION; NYLON-6; SPACE AB A variety of thermal and spectroscopic techniques have been used to investigate interactions of the widely-used paint-stripping solvent methylene chloride upon model polyurethane coatings. Thermal analysis reveals that methylene chloride penetrates and swells the polymer film and leads to a slight depression in the glass transition temperature (T-g) after drying. The H-1 NMR spectra and T-1 and T-1p relaxation times show that methylene chloride is responsible for increased polymer segmental motion in the polymer due to swelling, and indicate intimate contact between the methylene chloride molecules and the polymer, with no liquid-like pools of the solvent observed. The quadrupolar-echo H-2 NMR spectra of CD2Cl2 in the polyurethane over a temperature range of 24 degrees C to -27 degrees C reveal a lengthening of the rotational correlation times of the methylene chloride by over four orders of magnitude compared to the neat liquid, indicating restricted mobility due to an interaction with the polymer. Although this interaction is likely due to the electric dipoles in the solvent and the polymer backbone, the absence of significant residual nuclear quadrupole couplings due to a high degree of ordering or solvent immobilization shows that the interaction strength is weak compared to thermal energy (kT). Raman spectroscopy indicates that methylene chloride causes swelling by interacting with the carbonyl group responsible for inter-chain bonding, thus permitting dilation. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that methylene chloride leads to no irreversible chemical changes in the coating. A common cellulosic chemical stabilizer used in commercial paint removers has been found by XPS to deposit as a thin conformal but heterogeneous coating on the surface of the polymer, suggesting a possible important function to retard evaporation while allowing some permeation. Purpose: Commercial military paint stripper is effective because it contains methylene chloride; in order to replace it, understanding its mechanism of action/interaction with the coating is crucial. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Young, Christopher N.; Clayton, Clive R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Yesinowski, James P.; Wynne, James H.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Watson, Kelly E.] US Naval Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clayton, CR (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM Clive.clayton@stonybrook.edu FU SERDP project [WP-1682]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. John Kelley of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (Aberdeen, MD) for coatings formulation expertise and for the sample preparation. The authors acknowledge funding support from SERDP project WP-1682 in conjunction with principal investigator Dr. Young Han of the U.S. Naval Air Systems Command (Patuxent River, MD). Research carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 77 IS 1 BP 232 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2013.09.005 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 272BE UT WOS:000328434500030 ER PT J AU Jager, LR Leek, JT AF Jager, Leah R. Leek, Jeffrey T. TI An estimate of the science-wise false discovery rate and application to the top medical literature SO BIOSTATISTICS LA English DT Article DE False discovery rate; Genomics; Meta-analysis; Multiple testing; Science-wise false discovery rate; Two-group model ID EMPIRICAL BAYES METHODS; MICROARRAY DATA AB The accuracy of published medical research is critical for scientists, physicians and patients who rely on these results. However, the fundamental belief in the medical literature was called into serious question by a paper suggesting that most published medical research is false. Here we adapt estimation methods from the genomics community to the problem of estimating the rate of false discoveries in the medical literature using reported P-values as the data. We then collect P-values from the abstracts of all 77 430 papers published in The Lancet, The Journal of the American Medical Association, The New England Journal of Medicine, The British Medical Journal, and The American Journal of Epidemiology between 2000 and 2010. Among these papers, we found 5322 reported P-values. We estimate that the overall rate of false discoveries among reported results is 14% (s.d. 1%), contrary to previous claims. We also found that there is no a significant increase in the estimated rate of reported false discovery results over time (0.5% more false positives (FP) per year, P = 0.18) or with respect to journal submissions (0.5% more FP per 100 submissions, P = 0.12). Statistical analysis must allow for false discoveries in order to make claims on the basis of noisy data. But our analysis suggests that the medical literature remains a reliable record of scientific progress. C1 [Jager, Leah R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Leek, Jeffrey T.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Leek, JT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM jleek@jhsph.edu OI Leek, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2873-2671 FU Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Faculty Innovation Fund Award FX This work was supported by a Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Faculty Innovation Fund Award to J.T.L. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1465-4644 EI 1468-4357 J9 BIOSTATISTICS JI Biostatistics PD JAN PY 2014 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1093/biostatistics/kxt007 PG 12 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 270AG UT WOS:000328286700001 PM 24068246 ER PT J AU Coco, G Senechal, N Rejas, A Bryan, KR Capo, S Parisot, JP Brown, JA MacMahan, JHM AF Coco, Giovanni Senechal, N. Rejas, A. Bryan, K. R. Capo, S. Parisot, J. P. Brown, J. A. MacMahan, J. H. M. TI Beach response to a sequence of extreme storms SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nearshore; Storm; Beach erosion; Morphodynamics; Beach survey, Beach recovery ID COASTAL EROSION; VARIABILITY; MECHANISMS AB A sequence of daily beach surveys acquired over one month covering an area larger than 100,000 m(2), was analyzed to study morphological changes resulting from a cluster of storms. The beach response was highly variable in both the cross- and alongshore. A cumulative storm effect was not observed, despite one storm being characterized by a 10-year return period that had significant wave height (H-s) of 8.1 m and a peak wave period (T-p) of 17 s. Instead, storms that can potentially cause significant erosion in terms of H-s had a limited effect on the morphology because the large wave height was coupled to either neap tides, normally-incident short-waves (f > 0.04 Hz), or low levels of infragravity (0.004 < f < 0.04 Hz) energy. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that volumetric changes in the upper part of the beachface are explained by offshore wave characteristics (period, height and direction), tidal range or by infragravity energy in the inner surf zone (assessed using pressure and velocity measurements). The results indicate that it is not possible to scale-up single-storm erosion studies into predictions of cluster-storm erosion. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Coco, Giovanni] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Senechal, N.; Rejas, A.; Capo, S.; Parisot, J. P.] Bordeaux Univ, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, F-33405 Talence, France. [Bryan, K. R.] Univ Waikato, Dpt Earth & Ocean Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Brown, J. A.; MacMahan, J. H. M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Nearshore Proc Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Coco, G (reprint author), Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, C Isabel Torres 15, Santander 39011, Spain. EM cocog@unican.es RI Bryan, Karin/M-5311-2016; CAPO, Sylvain/B-8609-2011; OI Bryan, Karin/0000-0002-4480-740X; CAPO, Sylvain/0000-0002-1955-990X; Coco, Giovanni/0000-0001-7435-1602 FU French DGA (ECORS project); NZ-FRST; French Embassy in New Zealand; CNRS (France); Cantabria Campus Internacional (Augusto Gonzalez Linares Program); NSF [OCE 0728324] FX We wish to thank all the organizations that have provided financial support for the field experiment, in particular the French DGA (ECORS project). GC was funded by the NZ-FRST, the French Embassy in New Zealand, CNRS (France), and Cantabria Campus Internacional (Augusto Gonzalez Linares Program). JM and JB, and the surf zone field measurements were funded by NSF# OCE# 0728324. Thanks to the two anonymous referees for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 204 BP 493 EP 501 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.08.028 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 269IE UT WOS:000328234200038 ER PT S AU Lee, SJ Lee, K Song, JB AF Lee, Se-Jin Lee, Kyoungmin Song, Jae-Bok GP IEEE TI Development of Advanced Grid Map Building Model based on Sonar Geometric Reliability for Indoor Mobile Robot Localization SO 2014 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UBIQUITOUS ROBOTS AND AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE (URAI) SE International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence (URAI) CY NOV 12-15, 2014 CL Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA SP Korean Robot Soc, Univ Kuala Lumpur, Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Human Centered Intecat Coexistence, IEEE, Robot Soc Japan, Robot Soc India, Robot Soc Taiwan, CIMTME, Korea Inst Robot Ind Advancement, Korea Assoc Robot Ind DE Mobile robot; Grid map; Localization; Sonar sensor AB A novel approach to building a grid map using sonar data for a mobile robot is proposed in this study. It is very important for a mobile robot to find its surrounding saliencies and to localize itself for indoor navigation. Ultrasonic sensors are of great practical value in building environmental maps and for autonomous operation. However, grid maps constructed by ultrasonic sensors cannot typically form a realistic representation of a given environment due to incorrect sonar measurements caused by specular reflection and wide beam width. In this study, an advanced sonar sensor model, in which the negative effect of incorrect sonar measurements is minimized by geometric association with sonar data, is introduced to build a high-quality grid map. Experimental results and evaluations in the home environment demonstrate the validity of the proposed methods. C1 [Lee, Se-Jin] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Mech & Automot Engn, Cheonan 331717, South Korea. [Lee, Kyoungmin] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Song, Jae-Bok] Korea Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. RP Lee, SJ (reprint author), Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Mech & Automot Engn, Cheonan 331717, South Korea. EM sejiny3@kongju.ac.kr; lekomin@gmail.com; jbsong@korea.ac.kr NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-033X BN 978-1-4799-5333-2 J9 INT CONF UBIQ ROBOT PY 2014 BP 292 EP 297 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BF6WP UT WOS:000383742100075 ER PT S AU Sullivan, K Lawson, W Sofge, D AF Sullivan, Keith Lawson, Wallace Sofge, Donald GP IEEE TI Fusing Laser Reflectance and Image Data for Terrain Classification for Small Autonomous Robots SO 2014 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AUTOMATION ROBOTICS & VISION (ICARCV) SE International Conference on Control Automation Robotics and Vision LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV) CY DEC 10-12, 2014 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE ID LADAR; DISCRIMINATION; SEGMENTATION AB Knowing the terrain is vital for small autonomous robots traversing unstructured outdoor environments. We present a technique using 3D laser point clouds combined with RGB camera images to classify terrain into four pre-defined classes: grass, sand, concrete, and metal. Our technique first segments the point cloud into distinct regions and then applies a simple classifier to determine the classification of each region. We demonstrate three classification and four segmentation algorithms on five outdoor environments. Classification and segmentation algorithms which use more information outperform information poor combinations. C1 [Sullivan, Keith] Exelis Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Lawson, Wallace; Sofge, Donald] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sullivan, K (reprint author), Exelis Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. FU US Department of Defense, Office of Naval Research [N0001413WX21045]; Naval Research Lab; Naval Research Laboratory under a Karles Fellowship FX This work was performed at the Naval Research Laboratory and was funded by the US Department of Defense, Office of Naval Research under grant number N0001413WX21045, Mobile Autonomous Teams for Navy Information Surveillance and Search (MANTISS). Additional funding came from Naval Research Lab to JGT. Wallace Lawson was also funded by the Naval Research Laboratory under a Karles Fellowship. The views, positions and conclusions expressed herein reflect only the authors opinions and expressly do not reflect those of the US Department of Defense, Office of Naval Research, or the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2474-2953 BN 978-1-4799-5199-4 J9 I C CONT AUTOMAT ROB PY 2014 BP 1656 EP 1661 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BG9LM UT WOS:000393395800286 ER PT S AU Jones, G McCarrick, H Flanigan, D Johnson, B Miller, A Day, P Mauskopf, P Mani, H Che, G Mroczkowski, T Ade, P Doyle, S AF Jones, Glenn McCarrick, Heather Flanigan, Daniel Johnson, Brad Miller, Amber Day, Peter Mauskopf, Phil Mani, Hamdi Che, George Mroczkowski, Tony Ade, Peter Doyle, Simon GP IEEE TI Aluminum LEKIDs for Millimeter-wave Radio Astronomy SO 2014 39TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz) CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL Tucson, AZ SP THORLABS, Tydex, TOPTICA Photon, Bruker, Gentec EO, Lake Shore Cryotron, Ekspla, Zomega, TeraSense, Insight Product, Emcore, QMC Instruments, TeraView, NeaSpec, Advantest, MenloSystems, Traycer, Microtech Instruments Inc, LongWave Photon, Virginia Diodes Inc, ASU, MTT S, Journal Infrared Millimeter & Tera Hertz Waves, Tera Hertz Sci & Technol, Army Res Off AB We present measurements from a prototype array of superconducting kinetic inductance detectors optimized for 150 GHz radiation and commercially fabricated from 20 nm aluminum films on silicon wafers. C1 [Jones, Glenn; McCarrick, Heather; Flanigan, Daniel; Johnson, Brad; Miller, Amber] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Day, Peter] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mauskopf, Phil; Mani, Hamdi; Che, George] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Mroczkowski, Tony] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ade, Peter; Doyle, Simon] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. RP Jones, G (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4799-3877-3 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BF0IL UT WOS:000378889200443 ER PT S AU Joye, CD Cook, AM Calame, JP Abe, DK Nguyen, KT Vlasov, AN Chernyavskiy, IA Wright, EL Pershing, DE Levush, B AF Joye, Colin D. Cook, Alan M. Calame, Jeffrey P. Abe, David K. Nguyen, Khanh T. Vlasov, Alexander N. Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Wright, Edward L. Pershing, Dean E. Levush, Baruch GP IEEE TI Microfabricated, High Power Millimeter Wave Amplifiers at G-band SO 2014 39TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz) CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL Tucson, AZ SP THORLABS, Tydex, TOPTICA Photon, Bruker, Gentec EO, Lake Shore Cryotron, Ekspla, Zomega, TeraSense, Insight Product, Emcore, QMC Instruments, TeraView, NeaSpec, Advantest, MenloSystems, Traycer, Microtech Instruments Inc, LongWave Photon, Virginia Diodes Inc, ASU, MTT S, Journal Infrared Millimeter & Tera Hertz Waves, Tera Hertz Sci & Technol, Army Res Off AB We present the demonstration of the first traveling wave tube circuit fabricated using ultraviolet photolithography. The complete amplifier demonstrated over 60 W output power at 214.5 GHz with 15 GHz bandwidth in the small signal regime at 14 dB gain. A high-gain 233 GHz amplifier is now under development and predicted to reach over 100 W output power. We present several microfabrication advancements that will be utilized to create the new device. C1 [Joye, Colin D.; Cook, Alan M.; Calame, Jeffrey P.; Abe, David K.; Vlasov, Alexander N.; Chernyavskiy, Igor A.] US Naval Res Lab, Code 6850, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.; Wright, Edward L.; Pershing, Dean E.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Levush, Baruch] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Joye, CD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 6850, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4799-3877-3 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BF0IL UT WOS:000378889200460 ER PT J AU Parker, T Johnson, J Tummala, M McEachen, J Scrofani, J AF Parker, Thomas Johnson, Jamie Tummala, Murali McEachen, John Scrofani, James BE Wysocki, TA Wysocki, BJ TI Dynamic State Determination of a Software-Defined Network via Dual Basis Representation SO 2014 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (ICSPCS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, (ICSPCS) CY DEC 15-17, 2014 CL Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Peter Kiewit Inst DE Software-defined network; Laplacian matrix; algebraic connectivity; spectral graph theory; control theory AB To maximize the performance of a software-defined network, a network observer must develop a state that can be tracked and controlled. We propose a novel method that uses the entire eigenspace of the Laplacian matrix to determine the state of a SDN. Our approach exploits the double orthogonality of the Laplacian matrix in order to define the dual basis. Each basis uses the entire reachability space with the objective of fully describing the centrality of each node over time. The reachability space is defined by the dual basis once the null space has been removed. The definition of the dual basis allows the network controller to observe the network state to determine which areas are most utilized and least utilized. Once the state has been estimated, the controller may choose to correct the network state by rerouting flows or preventing additional flows. C1 [Parker, Thomas; Johnson, Jamie; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John; Scrofani, James] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Parker, T (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. EM tcparke1@nps.edu; jljohns2@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu; jwscrofa@nps.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5255-7 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF1JT UT WOS:000380403200003 ER PT J AU Roth, JD Tummala, M McEachen, JC Scrofani, JW AF Roth, John D. Tummala, Murali McEachen, John C. Scrofani, James W. BE Wysocki, TA Wysocki, BJ TI A k-Generation Approach to Wireless Fingerprinting for Position Estimation SO 2014 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (ICSPCS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, (ICSPCS) CY DEC 15-17, 2014 CL Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Peter Kiewit Inst DE positioning; geolocation; fingerprinting; database correlation; cell-ID; computational complexity; WiMAX; machine learning; graph theory ID LOCATION AB Traditional approaches to pattern based positioning have proposed schemes specifically tailored for the area of interest in which they are employed. Many, when applied to a generic search environment, may not scale computationally due to either a very large tracking area, very fine granularity in the database, or both. Here, a novel framework for fingerprinting that utilizes a k-generation structure is proposed. This significantly reduces the required number of computations while maintaining comparable accuracy to the traditionally used single-generation approach. This is the key enabler that allows generalization of our framework to any search space. We validate this approach through simulation and show that the a multi-generation approach indeed provides computational gains while simultaneously maintaining accuracy. Second, we show how a natural grouping of constituent members can improve accuracy. We use graph spectral partitioning to demonstrate this effect. The end result is a framework that can be generalized to any size search space with an arbitrary level of granularity. C1 [Roth, John D.] US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John C.; Scrofani, James W.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Roth, JD (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jroth@usna.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5255-7 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF1JT UT WOS:000380403200086 ER PT S AU Carr, MA AF Carr, Matthew A. GP ASEE TI Aren't Units Part of the Problem? SO 2014 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2014 CL Indianapolis, IN SP ASEE AB Employment data shows that the bulk of engineering graduates who are successful at finding engineering-related employment are hired by the manufacturing, construction, and government sectors. Industry feedback indicates a perceived weakness in the critical thinking and problem solving skills of our engineering graduates. This paper advocates developing more rigorous unit analysis skills and use of conventional units that will be seen by graduates entering the workforce as a part of the academic solution to the reported problem. For engineers working in the United States, that means practicing with the United States Customary System (USCS) of units and with industry-specific units. Familiarization with the analytical framework of the potential employer's engineering applications can facilitate job interview performance and assimilation. Proficiency in calculations conducted in USCS reduces the job-specific training that must be accomplished by many American employers to get their new engineers ready to work. This paper reviews the history of American units and provides examples of dimensional analysis. C1 [Carr, Matthew A.] US Naval Acad, Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Carr, MA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2014 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF6XT UT WOS:000383779700049 ER PT S AU Thomas, HJ Nowatkowski, M Hoyer, BK Benson, MJ Floersheim, B Luznik, L Anderson, W Condly, SJ AF Thomas, Hans J. Nowatkowski, Michael Hoyer, Brodie K. Benson, Michael J. Floersheim, Bruce Luznik, Luksa Anderson, Wesly Condly, Steven J. GP ASEE TI Optimizing Summer Externships SO 2014 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2014 CL Indianapolis, IN SP ASEE ID EXPERIENCES AB Summer immersive experiences provide students the opportunity to explore the limits of their engineering education and develop a depth in a field of study. For institutions that centrally manage these experiences, ranging from experiments conducted at other academic locations to research and development with industry partners, to procurement and development with government laboratories and program offices, it can be difficult to ensure that all participants are receiving quality experiences. A survey had previously been administered to capture the value of student's summer immersive experience based on ABET Student Outcomes. Much of the data proved inconclusive due to the structure of the questions. However the data was used as a baseline for follow on research and guided the development of future surveys. Following the summer of 2013, a new survey was administered to students majoring in aeronautical, electrical, and mechanical engineering at three different colleges who had participated in institution-sponsored immersive experiences. The goal of the survey was to determine why students chose their summer experiences, what made these experiences successful, and how to improve experiences in the future to maximize return on investment. Success was measured not just in whether they experienced the ABET Student Outcomes (a)-(k) but to what level they were challenged in those domains. The results of the survey will be used next summer to influence which experiences are offered and refine how students are paired with a summer experience. C1 [Thomas, Hans J.] US Mil Acad, Civil & Mech Engn Dept, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Nowatkowski, Michael] US Mil Acad, Army Cyber Inst, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Hoyer, Brodie K.; Benson, Michael J.; Floersheim, Bruce] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Luznik, Luksa] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Condly, Steven J.] US Mil Acad, Off Econ & Manpower Anal, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Thomas, HJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Civil & Mech Engn Dept, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2014 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF6XU UT WOS:000383779803059 ER PT S AU Canedy, CL Abell, J Merritt, CD Bewley, WW Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Canedy, C. L. Abell, J. Merritt, C. D. Bewley, W. W. Kim, C. S. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. GP IEEE TI High-Power CW Operation of 7-Stage Interband Cascade Lasers SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We report a 7-stage narrow-ridge interband-cascade laser emitting at lambda approximate to 3.5 mu m that produces up to 592 mW of cw power, with a wallplug efficiency of 10.1% and M-2 = 3.7 at T = 25 degrees C. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Canedy, C. L.; Abell, J.; Merritt, C. D.; Bewley, W. W.; Kim, C. S.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Canedy, CL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil; jerry.meyer@nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602472 ER PT S AU Hite, JK Freitas, JA Goswami, R Mastro, MA Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Brown, CG Kub, FJ Bowman, SR Eddy, CR AF Hite, Jennifer K. Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. Goswami, Ramasis Mastro, Michael A. Vurgaftman, Igor Meyer, Jerry R. Brown, Christopher G. Kub, Francis J. Bowman, Steven R. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. GP IEEE TI Periodically Oriented Gallium Nitride: Materials Development SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID GAN AB Methods for growing periodically alternating polarities of GaN on N-polar and Ga-polar GaN substrates have been developed. The resulting periodically oriented samples can be extended to thick growth, allowing their use in non-linear optics. C1 [Hite, Jennifer K.; Freitas, Jaime A., Jr.; Goswami, Ramasis; Mastro, Michael A.; Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry R.; Bowman, Steven R.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brown, Christopher G.] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Hite, JK (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jennifer.hite@nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601213 ER PT S AU Stievater, TH Mahon, R Park, D Rabinovich, WS Pruessner, MW Khurgin, JB Richardson, CJK AF Stievater, T. H. Mahon, R. Park, D. Rabinovich, W. S. Pruessner, M. W. Khurgin, J. B. Richardson, C. J. K. GP IEEE TI Mid-Infrared Difference-Frequency Generation in Suspended GaAs Waveguides SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We experimentally demonstrate mid-infrared difference frequency generation in suspended 181-nm thick GaAs waveguides. The extreme form-birefringence in the nanoslab waveguide enables phase-matching between the CW signal (1550 nm), pump (1025 nm), and idler (3000 nm). (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Stievater, T. H.; Mahon, R.; Park, D.; Rabinovich, W. S.; Pruessner, M. W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Richardson, C. J. K.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM opticalmems@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908603114 ER PT S AU Suess, RJ Cai, XH Jadidi, MM Sushkov, AB Jenkins, GS Yan, J Nyakiti, LO Myers-Ward, RL Gaskill, DK Murphy, TE Drew, HD Fuhrer, MS AF Suess, Ryan J. Cai, Xinghan Jadidi, Mohammad M. Sushkov, Andrei B. Jenkins, Gregory S. Yan, Jun Nyakiti, Luke O. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Gaskill, D. Kurt Murphy, Thomas E. Drew, H. Dennis Fuhrer, Michael S. GP IEEE TI Characterization of Fast Temporal Photoreponse in a Broadband Graphene Photodetector SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB The temporal response of a broadband, monolayer graphene photodetector based on the photothermoelectric effect is characterized. Pulse-coincidence and impulse response measurements indicate fast photodetection on the timescale of 10 ps. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Suess, Ryan J.; Jadidi, Mohammad M.; Murphy, Thomas E.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Cai, Xinghan; Sushkov, Andrei B.; Jenkins, Gregory S.; Yan, Jun; Drew, H. Dennis; Fuhrer, Michael S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yan, Jun] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Nyakiti, Luke O.] Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fuhrer, Michael S.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Suess, RJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM rjsuess@umd.edu RI Fuhrer, Michael/E-7634-2010 OI Fuhrer, Michael/0000-0001-6183-2773 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600499 ER PT S AU Weiblen, RJ Florea, C Busse, L Shaw, B Menyuk, CR Aggarwal, I Sanghera, J AF Weiblen, R. Joseph Florea, Catalin Busse, Lynda Shaw, Brandon Menyuk, Curtis. R. Aggarwal, Ishwar Sanghera, Jasbinder GP IEEE TI Increased Laser Damage Threshold in As2S3 Motheye Antireflective Structures SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We computationally study the irradiance enhancement in As2S3 motheye structures. We show that enhancement in the glass is minimal, matching with experiments showing an increased laser damage threshold for motheye structures versus thin-film AR coatings. (c) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Weiblen, R. Joseph; Menyuk, Curtis. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Florea, Catalin; Aggarwal, Ishwar] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Busse, Lynda; Shaw, Brandon; Sanghera, Jasbinder] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weiblen, RJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM ro2@umbc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601245 ER PT B AU Fleming, A McDowell, LK Markel, Z AF Fleming, Aaron McDowell, Luke K. Markel, Zane BE Joshi, J Bertino, E Thuraisingham, B Liu, L TI A Hidden Treasure? Evaluating and Extending Latent Methods for Link-based Classification SO 2014 IEEE 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION (IRI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IEEE IRI) / IRI-HI / FMI / DIM / EM-RITE / WICSOC / SocialSec / IICPC / NatSec CY AUG 13-15, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man Cybernet Soc, Soc Informat Reuse Integrat, Virginia Mil Inst, Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Informat Sci ID COLLECTIVE CLASSIFICATION AB Many information tasks involve objects that are explicitly or implicitly connected in a network, such as webpages connected by hyperlinks or people linked by "friendships" in a social network. Research on link-based classification (LBC) has studied how to leverage these connections to improve classification accuracy. This research broadly falls into two groups. First, there are methods that use the original attributes and/or links of the network, via a link-aware supervised classifier or via a non-learning method based on label propagation or random walks. Second, there are recent methods that first compute a set of latent features or links that summarize the network, then use a (hopefully simpler) supervised classifier or label propagation method. Some work has claimed that the latent methods can improve accuracy, but has not adequately compared with the best non-latent methods. In response, this paper provides the first substantial comparison between these two groups. We find that certain non-latent methods typically provide the best overall accuracy, but that latent methods can be competitive when a network is densely-labeled or when the attributes are not very informative. Moreover, we introduce two novel combinations of these methods that in some cases substantially increase accuracy. C1 [Fleming, Aaron; McDowell, Luke K.; Markel, Zane] US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fleming, A (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM amfleming15@gmail.com; lmcdowel@usna.edu; zanemarkel@gmail.com NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5879-5; 978-1-4799-5880-1 PY 2014 BP 669 EP 676 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BF2AL UT WOS:000380450500091 ER PT S AU Blank, SJ Jaffe, P Chang, T AF Blank, Stephen J. Jaffe, Paul Chang, Tanwin GP IEEE TI Over the Horizon Wireless Power Transmission, a Low-Cost Precursor for Space Solar Power SO 2014 IEEE 25TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR, AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATION (PIMRC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications Workshops-PIMRC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communication (PIMRC) CY SEP 02-05, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB A system called Over-the-Horizon Wireless Power Transmission, OTH-WPT, is proposed as a low-cost precursor for Space Solar Power, SSP. The proposed system would use high-power lasers and high altitude aerostats to beam 100s of kWs of electric power over distances of 10s of km from one point on the Earth to another. The demo system will present technical challenges similar to those of an operational SSP system. It will also include many of the major components required by an operational SSP system. But it will not require the extreme cost of transportation to and assembly of components and subsystems in geosynchronous orbit in space. It is the great cost of getting to space that has been a major obstacle to progress in SSP development. It is expected that the proposed demonstration will help overcome this obstacle. The OTH-WPT system proposed will test techniques for i) atmospheric turbulence compensation, ii) platform jitter control, iii) incoherent beam combining, iv) aerostat maintenance and durability and v) employing a low-loss aerostat electric power cable/tether. The successful demonstration of these techniques will be an important milestone in establishing the feasibility of SSP. Various configurations are presented to meet a variety of range, power, weather and tactical needs. In addition to being a low cost demo of SSP, the proposed OTH-WPT system has important civil, commercial, and military applications for the supply of power as an alternative source or on an emergency basis to remote areas, and to rapidly changing theaters of operation. C1 [Blank, Stephen J.] New York Inst Technol, Northern Blvd, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. [Jaffe, Paul] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chang, Tanwin] Deep Phase Labs, Boston, MA 02210 USA. RP Blank, SJ (reprint author), New York Inst Technol, Northern Blvd, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. EM sblank@nyit.edu; paul.jaffe@nrl.navy.mil; tanwin.chang@deepphase.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2166-9570 BN 978-1-4799-4912-0 J9 UEEE INT SYM PERS IN PY 2014 BP 2130 EP 2134 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG8UW UT WOS:000392729300404 ER PT J AU Lumb, MP Gonzalez, M Abell, J Schmieder, KJ Tischler, JG Scheiman, DA Yakes, MK Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Walters, RJ AF Lumb, Matthew P. Gonzalez, Maria Abell, Joshua Schmieder, Kenneth J. Tischler, Joseph G. Scheiman, David A. Yakes, Michael K. Vurgaftman, Igor Meyer, Jerry R. Walters, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Characterization, Modeling and Analysis of InAlAsSb Schottky Barrier Solar Cells Grown on InP SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE Indium phosphide; Photovoltaic cells; Schottky diodes; Modeling AB In this paper we present the first photovoltaic devices made from the promising quaternary InAlAsSb, grown lattice matched to InP by molecular beam epitaxy. Schottky barrier solar cells using semi-transparent contacts have been fabricated, characterized and simulated using a drift-diffusion model to extract information about the barrier height, minority carrier diffusion length and optical performance of devices fabricated from this material. We have compared the performance to analogous InAlAs devices, and present a wide range of optical and electrical characterization for the materials. C1 [Lumb, Matthew P.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Lumb, Matthew P.; Gonzalez, Maria; Abell, Joshua; Schmieder, Kenneth J.; Tischler, Joseph G.; Scheiman, David A.; Yakes, Michael K.; Vurgaftman, Igor; Meyer, Jerry R.; Walters, Robert J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gonzalez, Maria] Sotera Def Solut, Crofton, MD USA. RP Lumb, MP (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 243 EP 246 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638900055 ER PT J AU Frantz, JA Myers, JD Bekele, RY Sanghera, JS AF Frantz, J. A. Myers, J. D. Bekele, R. Y. Sanghera, J. S. GP IEEE TI Microstructured ZnO Coatings for Improved Performance in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 Photovoltaic Devices SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE antiretlective coatings; photovoltaic cells; solar energy; sputtering; thin film devices; thin films ID SOLAR-CELLS AB The performance of thin film Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) photovoltaics is typically degraded by light lost due to the high retlectivity of the transparent top contact and by recombination resulting from carrier generation far from the junction. Traditional antiretlective (AR) coatings are insufficient to address the former issue, particularly at non-normal incidence. We present a novel microstructured ZnO coating that serves two functions; it acts an AR layer with superior non-normal performance in comparison to thin film AR coatings, and it scatters a significant fraction of the incoming radiation at a large angle, resulting in absorption that is on average closer to the junction. This coating, formed via a wet etch process, results in performance comparable to that of uncoated films at normal incidence and an increase of up to 25% in the short circuit current and 18% in device efficiency at non-normal incidence. C1 [Frantz, J. A.; Myers, J. D.; Sanghera, J. S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bekele, R. Y.] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Frantz, JA (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 350 EP 352 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638900079 ER PT J AU Affouda, CA Lumb, MP Gonzalez, M Yakes, MK Bailey, CG Walters, RJ AF Affouda, Chaffra A. Lumb, Matthew P. Gonzalez, Maria Yakes, Michael K. Bailey, Christopher G. Walters, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Numerical Simulation of Temperature Dependent Performance of InP-based Tunnel Junctions SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE tunnel junction; non-local tunnelling; photovoltaic cells; multi junction; drift-diffusion; Poisson-Schrodinger AB We report on temperature dependent currentvoltage measurements of tunnel junctions lattice matched to InP at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 220 degrees C. Three different designs of tunnel junction were characterized, consisting of a bulk InAlGaAs tunnel diode with and without InAlAs cladding layers and a quantum well tunnel junction. Each device exhibited different temperature dependence in peak tunnel current. We use a non-local tunneling model, in conjunction with a numerical drift-diffusion solver, to explain the performance improvement available by using cladding layers or quantum wells around the junction region, and use the same model to explain the observed temperature dependence of the devices. C1 [Affouda, Chaffra A.; Yakes, Michael K.; Bailey, Christopher G.; Walters, Robert J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lumb, Matthew P.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Gonzalez, Maria] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. RP Affouda, CA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 456 EP 459 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638900105 ER PT J AU Dong, BQ Bailey, CG Afanasev, A Zaghloul, M AF Dong, Boqun Bailey, Christopher G. Afanasev, Andrei Zaghloul, Mona GP IEEE TI Modeling and Simulation of InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Solar Cells in SILVACO TCAD SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE quantum dot solar cell; simulation; Silvaco AB Conversion efficiency is now the major concern of solar cells industry, especially in applications of satellites and spacecraft in space. Currently, quantum dot solar cells are one of the most active research fields in the third generation solar cells. Here, we use Silvaco TCAD software for modeling and simulation of both standard GaAs solar cell and InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cell. All the simulation results are compared with experimental measurement data [1, 2] of fabricated solar cell chips. In simulation, when comparing 40-layer InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cell with standard GaAs solar cell, the conversion efficiency in simulation results increased from 14.1% to 18.6%, which is relatively 31.5% improvement. Also, the absorption range edge of photons with low energies extended from 875 nm to 1200 nm. Therefore, the positive effects of embedded quantum dots are proved to be helpful in improving solar cell's performance. C1 [Dong, Boqun; Zaghloul, Mona] George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Bailey, Christopher G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Afanasev, Andrei] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Dong, BQ (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 476 EP 478 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638900109 ER PT J AU Lumb, MP Meitl, M Wilson, J Bonafede, S Burroughs, S Forbes, DV Bailey, CG Hoven, NM Gonzalez, M Hoheisel, R Yakes, MK Polly, SJ Hubbard, SM Walters, RJ AF Lumb, Matthew P. Meitl, Matthew Wilson, John Bonafede, Salvatore Burroughs, Scott Forbes, David V. Bailey, Christopher G. Hoven, Nichole M. Gonzalez, Maria Hoheisel, Raymond Yakes, Michael K. Polly, Stephen J. Hubbard, Seth M. Walters, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Development of In GaAs Solar Cells for > 44% Efficient Transfer-Printed Multi-junctions SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA AB Transfer-printing is a key enabling technology for the realization of ultra-high-efficiency, mechanically stacked III-V solar cells with low cost. In this work, we describe the development of In GaAs solar cells, designed to harvest long wavelength photons when stacked in tandem with a high efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAsNSb triple junction solar cell. High performance In GaAs solar cells, grown on InP by MOCVD, were achieved through a combination of detailed modeling, material development and device characterization. The transfer printing apparatus of Semprius Inc. was used to create a four-terminal device with an uncertified conversion efficiency of 44.1% at 690 suns. C1 [Lumb, Matthew P.; Hoheisel, Raymond] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Lumb, Matthew P.; Bailey, Christopher G.; Gonzalez, Maria; Hoheisel, Raymond; Yakes, Michael K.; Walters, Robert J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Meitl, Matthew; Wilson, John; Bonafede, Salvatore; Burroughs, Scott] Semprius Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Forbes, David V.; Hoven, Nichole M.; Polly, Stephen J.; Hubbard, Seth M.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Gonzalez, Maria] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis, MD 20701 USA. RP Lumb, MP (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 491 EP 494 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638900113 ER PT J AU Teillyson, EM Garrett, JL Gong, C Frantz, JA Myers, JD Bekele, RY Sanghera, JS Munday, JN Leite, MS AF Teillyson, Elizabeth M. Garrett, Joseph L. Gong, Chen Frantz, Jesse A. Myers, Jason D. Bekele, Robel Y. Sanghera, Jas S. Munday, Jeremy N. Leite, Marina S. GP IEEE TI Assessing Local Voltage in CIGS Solar Cells by Nanoscale Resolved Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy and Sub-Micron Photoluminescence SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE solar energy; thin-film; scanning probe microscopy; CIGS AB Here we use nanoscale resolved Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) to locally probe the open circuit voltage in CIGS thin film solar cells. Illumination-dependent KPFM shows that the grain boundaries and grain cores present variations in surface photovoltage, as a consequence of the local variation of the open circuit voltage. Additionally, room temperature sub-micron photoluminescence (PL) scans were used to map the recombination centers in the polycrystalline CIGS films. C1 [Teillyson, Elizabeth M.; Gong, Chen; Leite, Marina S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Teillyson, Elizabeth M.; Garrett, Joseph L.; Gong, Chen; Munday, Jeremy N.; Leite, Marina S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Garrett, Joseph L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Frantz, Jesse A.; Myers, Jason D.; Bekele, Robel Y.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Sanghera, Jas S.] Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Munday, Jeremy N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Teillyson, EM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Munday, Jeremy/E-6512-2016; Gong, Chen/R-9309-2016; Tennyson, Beth/D-6472-2017 OI Munday, Jeremy/0000-0002-0881-9876; Gong, Chen/0000-0003-3302-7675; Tennyson, Beth/0000-0003-0071-8445 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 691 EP 694 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638900159 ER PT J AU Hubbard, SM Sato, S Schmieder, K Strong, W Forbes, D Bailey, CG Hoheisel, R Walters, RJ AF Hubbard, Seth M. Sato, Shin-ichiro Schmieder, Ken Strong, Wyatt Forbes, David Bailey, Christopher G. Hoheisel, Raymond Walters, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Impact of Nanostructures and Radiation Environment on Defect Levels in III-V Solar Cells SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE quantum dot; InAs; radiation; DLTS ID TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; DEVICE PERFORMANCE; QUANTUM DOTS; GAAS; ELECTRON AB Baseline and quantum dot (QD) GaAs pn-junction diodes were characterized by deep level transient spectroscopy before and after both 1MeV electron irradiation and 140 keV proton irradiation. Prior to irradiation, the addition of quantum dots appeared to have introduced a higher density of defects at EC-0.75 eV. After 1 MeV electron irradiation the well-known electron defects E3, E4 and E5 were observed in the baseline sample. In the quantum dot sample after 1 MeV electron irradiation, defects near E3, E4 and E-C-0.75 eV were also observed. Compared to the irradiated baseline, the QD sample shows a higher density of more complex E4 defect and a lower density of the simple E3 defect, while the E-C-0.75 eV defect seemed to be unaffected by electron irradiation. As well, after proton irradiation, well known proton defects PR1, PR2, PR4' are observed. The QD sample shows a lower density PR4' defects and a similar density of PR2 defects, when compared to the proton irradiated baseline sample. C1 [Hubbard, Seth M.; Strong, Wyatt; Forbes, David] Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Sato, Shin-ichiro] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Takasaki, Gumma, Japan. [Schmieder, Ken; Bailey, Christopher G.; Walters, Robert J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hoheisel, Raymond] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Hubbard, SM (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 1045 EP 1050 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638901058 ER PT J AU Scheiman, D Jenkins, P Walters, R Trautz, K Hoheisel, R Tatavarti, R Chan, R Miyamoto, H Adams, J Elarde, V Stender, C Hains, A McPheeters, C Youtsey, C Pan, N Osowski, M AF Scheiman, David Jenkins, Phillip Walters, Robert Trautz, Kelly Hoheisel, Raymond Tatavarti, Rao Chan, Ray Miyamoto, Haruki Adams, Jessica Elarde, Victor Stender, Christopher Hains, Alexander McPheeters, Claiborne Youtsey, Chris Pan, Noren Osowski, Mark GP IEEE TI High Efficiency Flexible Triple Junction Solar Panels SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE Solar Cell; Epitaxial Lift Off; Battery Recharge; Solar Panel AB The Marines have increasing battery needs as fighting technology puts higher demands on the power they use. In an effort to offset this demand, the marines are investigating alternative energy sources, one being solar power. Mobile photovoltaics (PV) are a technology that can address these needs by leveraging flexible high efficiency III-V photovoltaic technology. The development of a lightweight, high efficiency solar panel to mount on, or stow in, a backpack and used to recharge a warfighters' battery was demonstrated. The panel consists of a 10 x 3 solar array of 20 cm(2) epitaxial lift-off (ELO) Inverted Metamorphic (IMM) triple junction solar cells. In the first two phases of the project, single-junction GaAs cells with an efficiency of similar to 21 % under AM1.5 illumination were used. Several of these systems were outfitted during Limited Objective Experiments (LOE) in February 2012 and August 2012. In the third and most current phase of this project, panels of triple-junction cells with an expected efficiency of 28-30% under AM1.5 illumination. Data from these LOEs are presented here. Although the panels are expensive, they have been demonstrated as a viable technology. C1 [Scheiman, David; Jenkins, Phillip; Walters, Robert; Trautz, Kelly] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hoheisel, Raymond] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Tatavarti, Rao; Chan, Ray; Miyamoto, Haruki; Adams, Jessica; Elarde, Victor; Stender, Christopher; Hains, Alexander; McPheeters, Claiborne; Youtsey, Chris; Pan, Noren; Osowski, Mark] MicroLink Devices Inc, Niles, IL 60714 USA. RP Scheiman, D (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 1376 EP 1380 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638901135 ER PT J AU Yoon, W Boercker, JE Lumb, MP Tischler, JG Jenkins, PP Walters, RJ AF Yoon, Woojun Boercker, Janice E. Lumb, Matthew P. Tischler, Joseph G. Jenkins, Phillip P. Walters, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Vapor Deposition of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Thin-films for Photovoltaic Applications SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE organic-inorganic hybrid; perovskite; vapor deposition; thin-film; solar cell ID SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENT AB In this work, we developed CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films using sequential vapor deposition technique for photovoltaic applications. For thin PbI2 films vacuum-deposited on different substrates (e. g. Si, PEDOTIPSS/ITOI glass), the complete conversion to perovskite on exposure to the CH3NH3I vapor was confirmed based on X-ray diffraction data. For perovskite films prepared under these vapor deposition conditions, planar heterojunction solar cells were fabricated using PEDOT:PSS and PCBM as the hole and electron transport layer, respectively (glass/ITOI PEDOT:PSSI CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM/Ag). Under simulated one sun illumination, a high open-circuit voltage of 970 mV with an average efficiency of 4.5% was obtained. While the efficiency of the device with sequential vapor deposited perovskite films needs to be further improved through process optimization, we demonstrated that sequential vapor deposition has a potential to produce high-quality perovskite absorbers for efficient planar heterojunction solar cells. C1 [Yoon, Woojun; Boercker, Janice E.; Lumb, Matthew P.; Tischler, Joseph G.; Jenkins, Phillip P.; Walters, Robert J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lumb, Matthew P.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Yoon, W (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 1577 EP 1580 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638901177 ER PT J AU Shih, GH Maximenko, S Frantz, J Myers, J Bekele, R Mittereder, J Sanghera, JS Nguyen, VQ Scheiman, D Hoheisel, R Walters, R AF Shih, G. H. Maximenko, S. Frantz, J. Myers, J. Bekele, R. Mittereder, J. Sanghera, J. S. Nguyen, V. Q. Scheiman, D. Hoheisel, R. Walters, R. GP IEEE TI Optimization of Electrical Performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 Thin Film Solar Cells Sputtered from Quaternary Targets SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE photovoltaic cells; solar energy; sputtering; thin film devices; edge termination AB Utilizing a quaternary target to sputter Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) yields films which are dense, polycrystalline and highly oriented. Devices fabricated from these films exhibited efficiencies >10%. In this paper, we study the electrical characteristics of these devices, including current-voltage (I-V), external quantum efficiency (EQE) and sheet and contact resistances measured by the transfer length method, to improve their overall performance. The effect of edge termination by different techniques is reviewed to investigate perimeter effects and edge defects. It was found in these particular devices that mechanical scribing of device areas contributed to both edge and bulk shunt effects. We discuss the extent of these effects in the context of increasing device efficiency through the optimization of edge termination. C1 [Shih, G. H.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. [Maximenko, S.; Frantz, J.; Myers, J.; Bekele, R.; Mittereder, J.; Sanghera, J. S.; Nguyen, V. Q.; Scheiman, D.; Walters, R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hoheisel, R.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Shih, GH (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 1704 EP 1706 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638901205 ER PT J AU Hoheisel, R Wilt, D Scheiman, D Jenkins, P Walters, R AF Hoheisel, Raymond Wilt, David Scheiman, David Jenkins, Phillip Walters, Robert GP IEEE TI AM0 Solar Cell Calibration Under Near Space Conditions SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE multi-junction solar cells; space solar cells; calibration; AM0 ID BROAD-BAND MODELS; IRRADIANCE PREDICTIONS; TRANSMITTANCE AB The realization of 3, 4 and 6-junction solar cells for space applications requires a better understanding of the atmospheric effects for all earth-based, high-altitude, AM0 solar cell calibration methods. The residual atmosphere in these methods can have a profound influence on solar cell calibration. Using atmospheric modeling, and calibration methods used past, present, and future, the error introduced by the residual atmosphere is calculated for advanced multi-junction solar cells. C1 [Hoheisel, Raymond] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Wilt, David] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Scheiman, David; Jenkins, Phillip; Walters, Robert] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hoheisel, R (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 1811 EP 1814 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638902010 ER PT J AU Mehrabian, A Hoheisel, R Nagel, DJ Messenger, SR Maximenko, S AF Mehrabian, Armin Hoheisel, Raymond Nagel, David J. Messenger, Scott R. Maximenko, Sergey GP IEEE TI Digital Noise Spectroscopy System and Its Application to Solar Cells SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE data analysis; digital data acquisition; GaAs solar cells; multi-junction solar cells; noise spectra; silicon solar cells; solar cell noise spectra interpretation AB A creative combination of hardware and software has produced a new digital noise spectroscopy system. It provides a low cost, user-friendly, rapid, non-destructive and non-invasive capability to acquire noise spectra. Thorough testing showed that the system has a very low noise floor (3x10(-17) V-2/Hz), as well as a broad frequency range (1 to 10(5) Hz). The system has been applied to survey solar cells with a variety of materials and geometries. In particular, we acquired noise spectra from (a) single junction Si and GaAs solar cells and (b) triple-junction solar cells that were heavily irradiated with 3 MeV protons. The results should make it possible to determine characteristics of solar cells, for example, trap densities, from the spectra. Later work will compare noise spectroscopy with normal means of characterizing solar cells. C1 [Mehrabian, Armin; Hoheisel, Raymond; Nagel, David J.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Messenger, Scott R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Maximenko, Sergey] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mehrabian, A (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 1884 EP 1887 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638902026 ER PT J AU Schmieder, KJ Yakes, MK Bailey, CG Pulwin, Z Lumb, MP Hirst, LC Gonzalez, M Hubbard, SM Ebert, C Walters, RJ AF Schmieder, Kenneth J. Yakes, Michael K. Bailey, Christopher G. Pulwin, Ziggy Lumb, Matthew P. Hirst, Louise C. Gonzalez, Maria Hubbard, Seth M. Ebert, Chris Walters, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Analysis of GaAs Solar Cells at High MOCVD Growth Rates SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE III-V semiconductor materials; photovoltaic cells; semiconductor growth AB Single junction GaAs solar cells grown by MOCVD are fabricated over a range of growth rates targeting up to 56 mu m/hr in order to evaluate the effect on photovoltaic device performance. MOCVD recipe conditions are provided. Dopant incorporation efficiency is found to increase at high growth rates, potentially due to reduced Zn desorption as the time required to deposit a monolayer of GaAs is reduced. Device results are characterized by light and dark-IV as well as external quantum efficiency and verified against bulk minority carrier lifetime data from time-resolved photoluminescence. High growth rate solar cells degrade less than 4% relative to baseline devices with V-oc and J(sc) losses of 1% and 3%, respectively. The comparison suggests that both bulk Shockley Read Hall (SRH) lifetime and surface recombination velocity (SRV) are affected by growth rate and contribute to a reduction in performance. C1 [Schmieder, Kenneth J.; Yakes, Michael K.; Bailey, Christopher G.; Lumb, Matthew P.; Hirst, Louise C.; Gonzalez, Maria; Walters, Robert J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pulwin, Ziggy; Ebert, Chris] Veeco MOCVD, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. [Lumb, Matthew P.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Gonzalez, Maria] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Hubbard, Seth M.] Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Schmieder, KJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 2130 EP 2133 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638902078 ER PT J AU Maximenko, SI Lumb, MP Hoheisel, R Gonzalez, M Scheiman, DA Messenger, SR Tibbits, TND Imaizumi, M Ohshima, T Sato, SI Jenkins, PP Walters, RJ AF Maximenko, S. I. Lumb, M. P. Hoheisel, R. Gonzalez, M. Scheiman, D. A. Messenger, S. R. Tibbits, T. N. D. Imaizumi, M. Ohshima, T. Sato, S. -I. Jenkins, P. P. Walters, R. J. GP IEEE TI Effect of irradiation on Gallium Arsenide solar cells with multi quantum well structures SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE Irradiation; SEM; EBIC; Quantum Wells; GaAs; simulation; C-V ID BEAM-INDUCED CURRENT; CARRIER REMOVAL; SEMICONDUCTORS; RADIATION; DEFECTS; SPACE; GAAS AB In this paper, a complex analysis of the radiation response of GaAs solar cells with multi quantum wells (MQW) incorporated in the i-region of the device is presented. Electronic transport properties of the MQW i-region were assessed experimentally by the electron beam induced current (EBIC) technique. A 2-D EBIC diffusion model was applied to simulate EBIC line scans across device structure for different radiation doses. The results are interpreted using numerical modeling of the electrical field distribution at different radiation levels. Type conversion from n-to p-type was found in MQW i-region at displacement damage dose as low as low as similar to 9.88E9 MeV/g. This is supported by experimental and simulated EBIC and electric field distribution results. C1 [Maximenko, S. I.; Scheiman, D. A.; Jenkins, P. P.; Walters, R. J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lumb, M. P.; Hoheisel, R.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Gonzalez, M.] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Messenger, S. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Tibbits, T. N. D.] QuantaSol Ltd, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 3GZ, Surrey, England. [Imaizumi, M.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Ohshima, T.; Sato, S. -I.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy JAEA, Takasaki, Gunma 3701292, Japan. RP Maximenko, SI (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 2144 EP 2148 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638902081 ER PT J AU Bailey, CG Hoheisel, R Gonzalez, M Forbes, DV Lumb, MP Hubbard, SM Scheiman, DA Hirst, LC Schmieder, K Messenger, S Weaver, B Cress, CD Warner, J Yakes, MK Jenkins, PP Walters, RJ AF Bailey, C. G. Hoheisel, R. Gonzalez, M. Forbes, D. V. Lumb, M. P. Hubbard, S. M. Scheiman, D. A. Hirst, L. C. Schmieder, K. Messenger, S. Weaver, B. Cress, C. D. Warner, J. Yakes, M. K. Jenkins, P. P. Walters, R. J. GP IEEE TI Radiation Effects on InAlGaAs / InGaAs Quantum Well Solar Cells SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE Proton irradiation; QWs; InAlGaAs; solar cells AB The response of InGaAs quantum well solar cells (QWSCs) to proton irradiation is presented. The QWSCs consisted of sixteen layers of 5 nm InGaAs QWs / 10 nm InAlGaAs barriers were embedded into the i-region of a 1.0 eV InAlGaAs solar cell, and the results were compared to a 1.0 eV InAlGaAs control solar cell. We report the results of 3 MeV proton irradiation using light J-V measurements of both of these devices. Due to the specific design of the stuctures in this study, QW devices were found to be less radiation tolerant than the control InAlGaAs devices. EQE measurements reveal that the diffusion length in the base layer of the junction has a significant affect on the loss in short circuit current of these devices. The quantum well structures showed a particular radiation robustness in comparison, largely due to the maintenance of the electric field at these fluences. C1 [Bailey, C. G.; Hirst, L. C.; Schmieder, K.] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Hoheisel, R.; Lumb, M. P.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Gonzalez, M.] Sotera Def Solut, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Forbes, D. V.; Hubbard, S. M.] Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Scheiman, D. A.; Weaver, B.; Cress, C. D.; Warner, J.; Yakes, M. K.; Jenkins, P. P.; Walters, R. J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Messenger, S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Bailey, CG (reprint author), CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 2871 EP 2874 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638903027 ER PT J AU Forbes, DV Dai, YS Polly, SJ Hellstroem, S Baile, C Hubbard, SM AF Forbes, David V. Dai, Yushuai Polly, Stephen J. Hellstroem, Staffan Baile, Christopher Hubbard, Seth M. GP IEEE TI The Effect of Barrier Composition on Quantum Dot Solar Cell Performance SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE bandgap engineering; GaAs; III-V nanostructures; photovoltaic cell; quantum dot AB The use of nanostructures such as quantum dots (QD) offers tremendous potential to realize high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) cells. The optimization of the electronic structure of the layers within the QD region should lead to improved PV performance. This includes the QD layer itself, but also the surrounding barrier and/or strain balancing layers that comprise the QD active region. In this paper, the effect of the barrier layer composition (i.e. the cladding layers grown following QD capping layer) on the optoelectronic properties of In As QDs was investigated. Specifically, the composition is changed from GaAs (1.42 eV) to InGaP (1.85 eV) and the effect of carrier collection and 1-sun efficiency is observed. The examination of the effects of these layers will contribute to understanding the dominant factor in carrier collection within QD-enhanced photovoltaics. In addition, the direct growth of In As QD on InGaP surfaces is presented and compared to GaAs. The direct proximity of the InGaP surface greatly enlarges the InAs QD. C1 [Forbes, David V.; Dai, Yushuai; Polly, Stephen J.; Hellstroem, Staffan; Hubbard, Seth M.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Baile, Christopher] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Forbes, DV (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 3488 EP 3491 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638903162 ER PT J AU Boucher, R Kang, W Gong, Q AF Boucher, Randy Kang, Wei Gong, Qi GP IEEE TI Feasibility of the Galerkin Optimal Control Method SO 2014 IEEE 53RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 53rd Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-17, 2014 CL Los Angeles, CA SP IEEE, MathWorks, Springer, Altair, dSPACE, Journal Franklin Inst, Soc Ind & Appl Math, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wolfram, EBSCO Informat Serv, Inst Engn & Technol, Now, Taylor & Francis, Cogent Engn DE Constrained optimal control; Galerkin; pseudospectral AB A new numerical technique is presented for solving optimal control problems. This paper introduces a direct method that calculates optimal trajectories by discretizing the system dynamics using Galerkin numerical techniques and approximates the cost function with quadrature. We show that the Galerkin optimal control method with weak enforcement of boundary conditions leads to improved solution accuracies. Furthermore, we show that a feasible solution exists to the approximation of the constrained nonlinear optimal control problem. Using an example, the Galerkin method described in this paper is shown to be more accurate than some existing methods. C1 [Boucher, Randy; Kang, Wei] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Gong, Qi] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Boucher, R (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM rboucher@nps.edu; wkang@nps.edu; qigong@soe.ucsc.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6090-6 PY 2014 BP 6671 EP 6676 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BE2TY UT WOS:000370073806136 ER PT S AU Negi, YK Balakrishnan, N Rao, SM Gope, D AF Negi, Yoginder Kumar Balakrishnan, N. Rao, Sadasiva M. Gope, Dipanjan GP IEEE TI Null Field Preconditioner For Fast 3D Full-wave MoM Package-Board Extraction SO 2014 IEEE ELECTRICAL DESIGN OF ADVANCED PACKAGING & SYSTEMS SYMPOSIUM (EDAPS) SE Electrical Design of Advanced Packaging and Systems Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Electrical Design Advanced Packaging Systems Symposium (EDAPS 2014) CY DEC 14-16, 2014 CL Bangalore, INDONESIA SP IEEE DE Method of Moments; Adaptive Cross Approximation; Null Field Method; Preconditioners ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; ALGORITHM AB In this paper, a preconditioning technique based on the null field method is presented to accelerate the convergence of fast near-linear complexity iterative Method of Moments (MoM) solution. For large-scale package-board 3D full-wave parasitic extraction, the solution time is often prohibitive for use in a design-cycle which might necessitate several analysis stages. The bottleneck is often the slow-convergence of the Krylov subspace-based iterative solution. Since the null field method scales the near field interactions to a block-diagonal form it can be used as an efficient preconditioner as shown in the numerical experiments. C1 [Negi, Yoginder Kumar; Balakrishnan, N.] Indian Inst Sci, Supercomp Educ & Res Ctr, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Rao, Sadasiva M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gope, Dipanjan] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Elect Commun Engn, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. RP Negi, YK (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Supercomp Educ & Res Ctr, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. EM yknegi@gmail.com; balki@serc.ernet.in; sadasiva.rao@nrl.navy.mil; dipanjan.gope@gmail.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2151-1225 BN 978-1-4799-6257-0 J9 ELEC DES ADV PACKAG PY 2014 BP 89 EP 92 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2TN UT WOS:000380498800023 ER PT S AU He, ZF Mao, SW Kompella, S AF He, Zhifeng Mao, Shiwen Kompella, Sastry GP IEEE TI QoE Driven Video Streaming in Cognitive Radio Networks: The Case of Single Channel Access SO 2014 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM 2014) SE IEEE Global Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 08-12, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE DE Quality of Experience; cognitive radio networks; matching; multi-user video streaming; optimization ID SPECTRUM ACCESS; QUALITY AB We consider the problem of streaming multi-user videos over the downlink of a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN), where each Cognitive User (CU) can access one channel at a time. Motivated by the prior work that establishes a separation principle for the joint design of spectrum sensor, sensing, and access polices, we first model cooperative spectrum sensing as an Integer Programming problem (IP) and develop a Greedy Poly-matching scheme to solve it for the optimal sensing strategies. We then formulate the problem of CU Quality of Experience (QoE) maximization as a maximum weight matching problem and solve it with the Hungarian Method for optimal channel assignments. The proposed spectrum sensing and channel assignment algorithms are compared with benchmark schemes in simulations, and are found to outperform the benchmark schemes in terms of available channels discovered and CU QoE achieved. C1 [He, Zhifeng; Mao, Shiwen] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP He, ZF (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM zzh0008@tigermail.auburn.edu; smao@ieee.org; sastry.kompella@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-0983 BN 978-1-4799-3512-3 J9 IEEE GLOB COMM CONF PY 2014 BP 1388 EP 1393 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE8BU UT WOS:000376235500093 ER PT J AU Moore, M Goodman, J Bertoncini, C AF Moore, Michael Goodman, Joel Bertoncini, Crystal GP IEEE TI Frequency Position Modulation for High-Throughput Interference-Resistant Communications SO 2014 IEEE GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL AND INFORMATION PROCESSING (GLOBALSIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP) CY DEC 03-05, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE ID MULTIPATH CHANNELS AB Simultaneously achieving the objective of high data rate communications that is resistant to interference (RTI) is a challenging problem. Communications systems typically operate at a reduced information rate for RTI operation. To achieve the objective of high data rate and RTI operation, we have developed a modulation called Frequency Position Modulation (FPM) in which the absolute position of the tones in frequency correspond to a symbol. The tones themselves are spread over an extremely wide instantaneous bandwidth resulting in a communications system that is difficult to intercept. FPM leverages carefully shaped nonlinearities generated by the high-power amplifier (HPA) of the transmitter that become a part of the symbols in the constellation. The addition of nonlinearities improves the diversity of the FPM constellation for resilience in the face of interference. Information at the receiver is recovered by mixing the incoming spectrum with multiple tones in conjunction with a comb filter before digitization. This enables using commercial of-the-shelf (COTS) high dynamic range analog-to-digital converters sampling at a fraction of the rate of the bandwidth over which the symbols are spread. FPM can provide nearly an order of magnitude improvement in processing gain over conventional RTI communications (e.g., CDMA) and facilitates the ability to operate in interference-laden environments where conventional receivers would fail. We quantitatively analyze the symbol error rate (SER) and processing gain (PG) for a maximum likelihood (ML) based FPM demodulator and demonstrate its performance in interference-laden conditions. C1 [Moore, Michael] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Goodman, Joel; Bertoncini, Crystal] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moore, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM mmoore90@gatech.edu; Joel.Goodman@nrl.navy.mil; Crystal.Bertoncini@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7088-9 PY 2014 BP 1098 EP 1101 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF5IK UT WOS:000382032100226 ER PT J AU Battams, K AF Battams, Karl GP IEEE BE Lin, J Hu, XH Chang, W Nambiar, R Aggarwal, C Cercone, N Honavar, V Huan, J Mobasher, B Pyne, S TI Stream Mining for Solar Physics Applications and Implications for Big Solar Data SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA (BIG DATA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Big Data CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, ELSEVIER, Natl Sci Fdn, CISCO, CCF DE solar physics; stream mining; classification; clustering; data synopsis ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS AB Modern advances in space technology have enabled the capture and recording of unprecedented volumes of data. In the field of solar physics this is most readily apparent with the advent of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which returns in excess of 1 terabyte of data daily. While we now have sufficient capability to capture, transmit and store this information, the solar physics community now faces the new challenge of analysis and mining of high-volume and potentially boundless data sets such as this - a task known to the computer science community as stream mining. In this paper, we survey existing and established stream mining methods in the context of solar physics, with a goal of providing an introductory overview of stream mining algorithms employed by the computer science fields. We consider key concepts surrounding stream mining that are applicable to solar physics, outlining existing algorithms developed to address this problem in other fields of study, and discuss their applicability to massive solar data sets. We also discuss the considerations and trade-offs that may need to be made when applying stream mining methods to solar data. We find that while no one single solution is readily available, many of the methods now employed in other data streaming applications could successfully be modified to apply to solar data and prove invaluable for successful analysis and mining of this new source. C1 [Battams, Karl] US Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Battams, K (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. EM karl.battams@nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5666-1 PY 2014 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF2FK UT WOS:000380462900197 ER PT S AU Kuo, CT Walker, PB Carmichael, O Davidson, I AF Kuo, Chia-Tung Walker, Peter B. Carmichael, Owen Davidson, Ian BE Kumar, R Toivonen, H Pei, J Huang, JZ Wu, X TI Spectral Clustering for Medical Imaging SO 2014 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM) SE IEEE International Conference on Data Mining LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (IEEE ICDM) CY DEC 14-17, 2014 CL Shenzhen, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Baidu, HUAWEI, PINGAN, IBM Res, KNIME, Alberta Innovates Ctr Machine Learning, IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc AB Spectral clustering is often reported in the literature as successfully being applied to applications from image segmentation to community detection. However, what is not reported is that great time and effort are required to construct a graph Laplacian to achieve these successes. This problem which we call Laplacian construction is critical for the success of spectral clustering but is not well studied by the community. Instead the best Laplacian is typically learnt for each domain from trial and error. This is problematic for areas such as medical imaging since: i) the same images can be segmented in multiple ways depending on the application focus and ii) we don't wish to construct one Laplacian; rather we wish to create a method to construct a Laplacian for each patient's scan. In this paper we attempt to automate the process of Laplacian creation with the help of guidance towards the application focus. In most domains creating a basic Laplacian is plausible, so we propose adjusting this given Laplacian by discovering important nodes. We formulate this problem as an integer linear program with a precise geometric interpretation which is globally minimized using large scale solvers such as Gurobi. We show the usefulness on a real world problem in the area of fMRI scan segmentation where methods using standard Laplacians perform poorly. C1 [Kuo, Chia-Tung; Davidson, Ian] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Walker, Peter B.] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. [Carmichael, Owen] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kuo, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tomkuo@ucdavis.edu; peter.b.walker@navy.mil; ocarmichael@ucdavis.edu; davidson@cs.ucdavis.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-4786 BN 978-1-4799-4303-6 J9 IEEE DATA MINING PY 2014 BP 887 EP 892 DI 10.1109/ICDM.2014.143 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BG4YF UT WOS:000389267400101 ER PT S AU Raj, RG Bovik, AC AF Raj, Raghu G. Bovik, Alan C. GP IEEE TI A HIERARCHICAL BAYESIAN-MAP APPROACH TO COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Hierarchical Bayes; Compressive Sensing; Filtered back-projection; Inverse Problems; Compound Gaussian (CG) / Gaussian Scale Mixture (GSM) ID SIGNAL RECOVERY; NATURAL IMAGES AB We present a novel approach to inverse problems in imaging based on a Hierarchical Bayesian-MAP (HB-MAP) formulation. In this paper we specifically focus on the difficult and basic inverse problem of multi-sensor (tomographic) imaging wherein the source image of interest is viewed from multiple directions by independent sensors. We employ a Probabilistic Graphical Modeling extension of the Compound Gaussian (CG) distribution as a global image prior into a Hierarchical Bayesian inference procedure. We first demonstrate the performance of the algorithm on Monte-Carlo trials followed by empirical data involving natural (optical) images. We demonstrate how our algorithm outperforms many of the previous approaches in the literature including Filtered Back-projection (FBP) and a variety of state-of-the-art compressive sensing (CS) algorithms. C1 [Raj, Raghu G.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bovik, Alan C.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Raj, RG (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bovik, Alan/B-6717-2012 OI Bovik, Alan/0000-0001-6067-710X NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4799-5751-4 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2014 BP 1337 EP 1341 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE2TU UT WOS:000370063601102 ER PT S AU Park, D Park, H Han, DK Ko, H AF Park, Dubok Park, Hyungjo Han, David K. Ko, Hanseok GP IEEE TI SINGLE IMAGE DEHAZING WITH IMAGE ENTROPY AND INFORMATION FIDELITY SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Airlight; dehazing; image entropy; edge-preserving smoothing; transmission ID QUALITY; MODEL AB In this paper, we propose a new single image dehazing approach based on information fidelity and image entropy. The global atmospheric light is estimated by quad-tree subdivision using transformed hazy images. Then, transmission is estimated by an objective function which is comprised of information fidelity and image entropy at non-overlapped sub-block regions. This is further refined by a Weighted Least Squares (WLS) optimization procedure to alleviate block artifacts. We compared performance of the proposed method with conventional methods to validate its effectiveness in an experiment. C1 [Park, Dubok] Korea Univ, Dept Visual Informat Proc, Seoul, South Korea. [Han, David K.] Off Naval Res, Ocean Engn & Marine Syst Team, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Park, Hyungjo; Ko, Hanseok] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Park, D (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Visual Informat Proc, Seoul, South Korea. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4799-5751-4 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2014 BP 4037 EP 4041 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE2TU UT WOS:000370063604042 ER PT S AU Park, H Park, D Han, DK Ko, H AF Park, Hyungjo Park, Dubok Han, David K. Ko, Hanseok GP IEEE TI SINGLE IMAGE HAZE REMOVAL USING NOVEL ESTIMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC LIGHT AND TRANSMISSION SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE Dehaze; saturation evaluation metric; local atmospheric light; image enhancement; media transmission ID QUALITY AB This paper presents a new single image dehaze approach that uses a novel estimation of the atmospheric light and media transmission. Conventional dehaze methods often result in degraded images with low contrast and/or oversaturation of color in some regions. In order to mitigate these problems we use local atmospheric light and estimate the media transmission for each local region by using an objective function represented by modified saturation evaluation metric and intensity difference. Experimental results on a variety of outdoor haze images show that the proposed method achieves excellent restoration in terms of contrast, color fidelity and image visibility. C1 [Park, Hyungjo; Ko, Hanseok] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Park, Dubok] Korea Univ, Dept Visual Informat Proc, Seoul, South Korea. [Han, David K.] Off Naval Res, Ocean Engn & Marine Syst Team, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Park, H (reprint author), Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul, South Korea. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4799-5751-4 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2014 BP 4502 EP 4506 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE2TU UT WOS:000370063604135 ER PT S AU Kuhlman, MJ Svec, P Kaipa, KN Sofge, D Gupta, SK AF Kuhlman, Michael J. Svec, Petr Kaipa, Krishnanand N. Sofge, Donald Gupta, Satyandra K. GP IEEE TI Physics-Aware Informative Coverage Planning for Autonomous Vehicles SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA) SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 31-JUN 07, 2014 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID ROBOTIC SENSOR NETWORKS AB Unmanned vehicles are emerging as an attractive tool for persistent monitoring tasks of a given area, but need automated planning capabilities for effective unattended deployment. Such an automated planner needs to generate collision-free coverage paths by steering waypoints to locations that both minimize the path length and maximize the amount of information gathered along the path. The approach presented in this paper significantly extends prior work and handles motion uncertainty of an unmanned vehicle and the presence of obstacles by using a Markov Decision Process based approach to generate collision-free paths. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is robust to significant motion uncertainties and reduces the probability of collision with obstacles in the environment. C1 [Kuhlman, Michael J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kuhlman, Michael J.] Naval Res Lab, Lab Autonomous Syst Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Svec, Petr; Kaipa, Krishnanand N.; Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sofge, Donald] Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kuhlman, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mkuhlman@umd.edu; petrsvec@umd.edu; kkrishnag@umd.edu; donald.sofge@nrl.navy.mil; skgupta@umd.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4799-3685-4 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2014 BP 4741 EP 4746 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BE9BP UT WOS:000377221104118 ER PT S AU Yuan, X Shi, Y Hou, YT Lou, WJ Midkiff, SF Kompella, S AF Yuan, Xu Shi, Yi Hou, Y. Thomas Lou, Wenjing Midkiff, Scott F. Kompella, Sastry GP IEEE TI Achieving Transparent Coexistence in a Multi-hop Secondary Network Through Distributed Computation SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (IPCCC) SE IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC) CY DEC 05-07, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Commun, IEEE Central Texas Sect, IEEE Comp Soc ID COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS AB Transparent coexistence, also known as underlay, offers much more efficient spectrum sharing than traditional interweave coexistence paradigm. In a previous work, the transparent coexistence for a multi-hop secondary networks is studied. In this paper, we design a distributed solution to achieve this paradigm. In our design, we show how to increase the number of data streams iteratively while meeting constraints in the MIMO interference cancelation (IC) model and achieving transparent coexistence. All steps in our distributed algorithm can be accomplished based on local information exchange among the neighboring nodes. Our simulation results show that the performance of our distributed algorithm is highly competitive when compared to an upper bound solution for the centralized problem. C1 [Yuan, Xu; Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas; Lou, Wenjing; Midkiff, Scott F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Hou, YT (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM thou@vt.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-2641 BN 978-1-4799-7575-4 J9 IEEE IPCCC PY 2014 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE2QN UT WOS:000369860500035 ER PT S AU Sood, A Cho, JW Hobart, KD Feygelson, T Pate, B Asheghi, M Goodson, KE AF Sood, Aditya Cho, Jungwan Hobart, Karl D. Feygelson, Tatyana Pate, Bradford Asheghi, Mehdi Goodson, Kenneth E. GP IEEE TI Anisotropic and Nonhomogeneous Thermal Conduction in 1 mu m Thick CVD Diamond SO 2014 IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (ITHERM) SE InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm) CY MAY 27-30, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Mentor Gr, Microsanj, Anveshak, GE Res, Raytheon Corp, IBM Corp, Hewlett Packard, Binghamton Univ, S3IP Ctr DE CVD diamond; heat spreaders; coalescence and growth; columnar anisotropy; thermal boundary resistance (TBR); time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) ID FILMS AB We present an experimental study of thermal conduction in 1 mu m thick suspended CVD diamond film by time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR), an optical pump-probe technique. Important aspects of signal analysis and measurement sensitivity are discussed, outlining the various thermal metrology challenges posed by this system. We measure the properties of the near-interfacial coalescence region and high-quality growth region by performing experiments on the bottom and top sides of the suspended film, respectively, and find that the small average grain size of the former, and strong columnar anisotropy of the latter region are reflected in the measurements of thermal conductivity. Our TDTR methodology utilizes the information present in both the amplitude and phase response of the system at the modulation harmonic of the pump laser, in order to separate out the effects of the transducer-diamond thermal boundary conductance from the intrinsic diamond conductivity. Additionally, measurements are made across a range of modulation frequencies in order to obtain better estimates of the conductivity anisotropy. For the 1 mu m thick film, we estimate an in-plane to through-plane anisotropy ratio of similar to 0.3, and through-plane conductivities of similar to 440 W/m-K and similar to 140 W/m-K for the high quality and coalescence regions, respectively. C1 [Sood, Aditya; Cho, Jungwan; Asheghi, Mehdi; Goodson, Kenneth E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sood, Aditya] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hobart, Karl D.; Feygelson, Tatyana; Pate, Bradford] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sood, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM aditsood@stanford.edu RI Goodson, Kenneth/C-3545-2011; Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010; OI Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947; Cho, Jungwan/0000-0002-7781-4841 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1936-3958 BN 978-1-4799-5267-0 J9 INTSOC CONF THERMAL PY 2014 BP 1192 EP 1198 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE0PT UT WOS:000366567000158 ER PT S AU Li, D Qu, Y Liu, ZQ Wu, ZQ Zhang, ZP AF Li, Dong Qu, Yang Liu, Zhiqiang Wu, Zhiqiang Zhang, Zhiping GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Mixed Signal Detection based on Second-order Cyclostationary Features SO 2014 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: AFFORDABLE MISSION SUCCESS: MEETING THE CHALLENGE (MILCOM 2014) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM) CY OCT 06-08, 2014 CL Raytheon, Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA HO Raytheon ID SD-SMSE FRAMEWORK AB Cyclostationary analysis has been widely used in signal detection, RF parameter estimation and modulation detection. However, in most of existing work, the target signal is a single communication signal without overlap with other signals in the frequency domain. Hence, it is feasible to use a filter to first distinguish the target signal out and perform these tasks next to avoid the interferences from the spectrum environment. However, in a spectrally congested environment such as cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access network, or in a spectrally contested environment such as a battle field, multiple signals are often mixed together with significant overlap in spectrum. It is highly desired to find effective methods to perform signal detection, RF parameter estimation and modulation detection for mixed signals. In this paper, we employ second-order cycloslationary feature, namely the spectral correlation function (SCF), to detect the components of mixed signal. It is shown that by performing second-order cyclostationary analysis, we can successfully detect the existence of multiple signal components in mixed signal, and estimate their carrier frequencies accurately. Simulations over fading channels at different signal to noise ratios validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. In future works, we will investigate the feasibility and performance of signal classification/modulation detection of mixed signals in complex environment using cyclostationary analysis. C1 [Li, Dong; Qu, Yang; Wu, Zhiqiang; Zhang, Zhiping] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Liu, Zhiqiang] Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM Zhang.176@wright.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4799-6770-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2014 BP 682 EP 687 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2014.119 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE2QJ UT WOS:000369851400112 ER PT S AU Macker, JP Taylor, IJ AF Macker, Joseph P. Taylor, Ian J. GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Prediction and Planning of Distributed Task Management Using Network Centrality SO 2014 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: AFFORDABLE MISSION SUCCESS: MEETING THE CHALLENGE (MILCOM 2014) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM) CY OCT 06-08, 2014 CL Raytheon, Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA HO Raytheon AB This work explores the application of complex network centrality metrics as a means to predict the relative location performance of a task manager within a network topology. Our studies examine the problem of optimizing the location of a tasking and data collection node in a master-slave distributed tasking model. Through a series of analytical and emulation experiment-based measurements we examine the correlation between the workflow completion delay and a series of candidate network centrality metrics. Our hypothesis is that centrality-based metrics can serve as an engineering guide in planning or managing complex distributed network service deployments. Our initial analytical network experiments are represented by a series of different styles of randomly generated topologies as well as a series of network snapshots from a modeled heterogeneous network topology. Using the baseline analytical model we demonstrate correlation statistics between certain node centrality metrics and the total tasking delay experienced when the task manager is placed at a candidate location. Next, we obtain a set of performance results through emulation experimentation using working distributed coordination software, ad hoc routing, bandwidth restrictions, and network delay within an emulated mesh topology. We perform a series of experiments with varying network diameters and we conclude by reviewing the correlation trends between delay performance prediction and several centrality metrics. We also present a discussion of additional open issues and future work planned. C1 [Macker, Joseph P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Taylor, Ian J.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Informat, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. RP Macker, JP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.macker@nrl.navy.mil; ian.j.taylor@cs.cardiff.ac.uk NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4799-6770-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2014 BP 859 EP 864 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2014.148 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE2QJ UT WOS:000369851400141 ER PT S AU Tang, NK Mao, SW Kompella, S AF Tang, Ningkai Mao, Shiwen Kompella, Sastry GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Power Control in Full Duplex Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks: A Control Theoretic Approach SO 2014 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: AFFORDABLE MISSION SUCCESS: MEETING THE CHALLENGE (MILCOM 2014) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM) CY OCT 06-08, 2014 CL Raytheon, Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA HO Raytheon ID DESIGN AB Both cognitive radio (CR) and full duplex transmissions are both effective means to enhance spectrum efficiency and network capacity. In this paper, we investigate the problem of power control in an underlay CR network where the CR nodes are capable of full-duplex (FD) transmissions. The objective is to guarantee the required quality of service (QoS) in the form of a minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) ratio at each CR user and keep the interference to primary users below a prescribed threshold. We design an effective distributed power control scheme that integrates a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and a power constraint mechanism to achieve the above goals. WE then develop a hybrid scheme that can switch between FD and half duplex modes. The proposed schemes are validated with extensive simulations. C1 [Tang, Ningkai; Mao, Shiwen] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tang, NK (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM nzt0007@tigermail.auburn.edu; smao@ieee.org; sastry.kompella@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4799-6770-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2014 BP 949 EP 954 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2014.163 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE2QJ UT WOS:000369851400155 ER PT S AU Weston, JW Macker, JP Adamson, RB AF Weston, Jeffery W. Macker, Joseph P. Adamson, R. Brian GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Adapting NORM Unicast Transport for Loss Tolerant and ECN Environments SO 2014 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: AFFORDABLE MISSION SUCCESS: MEETING THE CHALLENGE (MILCOM 2014) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM) CY OCT 06-08, 2014 CL Raytheon, Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA HO Raytheon ID CONGESTION CONTROL AB This work presents new experimental results examining the loss tolerant unicast congestion control behavior of the NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) transport protocol documented initially as Internet Proposed Standard, Request for Comments (RFC) 5740. While RFC 5740 specifies a reliable multicast UDP-based transport protocol, NORM also has the ability to provide loss tolerant UDP unicast reliable transport that is well-suited for lossy wireless environments where protocols like TCP may not perform well. In addition, we introduce the design and use of a unicast SOCKS proxy for the NORM protocol called the NACK-Oriented Proxy (NORP) and validate the results of NORP performance against other NORM unicast experimental results. The availability of NORP will reduce the transition risk and improve the use of NORM unicast capabilities by not requiring end system application modifications. Our results examine a number of unicast congestion control variants of the NORM protocol, including an explicit congestion notification (ECN) mode, within an emulated lossy link modeled network environment. We include COTS hardware routing and radio-to-router interface (R2RI) within the test environment to examine and validate the use and performance of ECN-based packet marking and improved cross-layer flow control when available. The initial experiments demonstrate the significant advantage of using ECN-based assistance within error-prone wireless environments. We also show increased performance of an additional loss tolerant mode that does not require ECN infrastructure support. Coexistent transport fairness results show that NORM unicast modes are friendly to both inter-protocol flows (e.g., TCP flows coexisting) and to intra-protocol flows (e.g., other NORM flows coexisting). We conclude by summarizing findings and discussing future work planned. C1 [Weston, Jeffery W.; Macker, Joseph P.; Adamson, R. Brian] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weston, JW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffery.weston@nrl.navy.mil; joseph.macker@nrl.navy.mil; brian.adamson@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4799-6770-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2014 BP 962 EP 967 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2014.165 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE2QJ UT WOS:000369851400157 ER PT S AU Macker, JP Claypool, D Hughes, N AF Macker, Joseph P. Claypool, David Hughes, Nathan GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Improving Routing Path Stability in Mobile Ad hoc Networks that use a CDS Control Plane SO 2014 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: AFFORDABLE MISSION SUCCESS: MEETING THE CHALLENGE (MILCOM 2014) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM) CY OCT 06-08, 2014 CL Raytheon, Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA HO Raytheon AB In this paper we examine mobile routing path stability performance when constrained to use a distributed connected dominating set (CDS) control plane induced subgraph. Weighted, degree-based Essential CDS (ECDS) results are presented alongside those obtained using a CDS temporal stabilization algorithm. Full topology shortest path forwarding (SPF) results are also presented as a comparison baseline. We present a set of metric-based path stability statistics that demonstrate a significant improvement in routing path lifetime statistics when using ECDS election stabilization. We include mobile networking models with varying wireless link quality that creates stability challenges even without considering mobility. Temporal link quality is also used to derive an Expected Transmission Count (ETX) link quality-based routing metric that is used in the routing stability study. The results show significant improvement in lifetimes for the ECDS election stabilization mode but at the price of additional average routing stretch. C1 [Macker, Joseph P.; Claypool, David] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hughes, Nathan] Worcester Polytech Inst, Worcester, MA USA. RP Macker, JP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joseph.macker@nrl.navy.mil; david.claypool@nrl.navy.mil; nhhughes@wpi.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4799-6770-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2014 BP 1099 EP 1104 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2014.186 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE2QJ UT WOS:000369851400178 ER PT S AU Rupar, MA Bajramaj, B AF Rupar, Michael A. Bajramaj, Blerta GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Link Results for upper Ka-band data link over sea water at low look angles SO 2014 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: AFFORDABLE MISSION SUCCESS: MEETING THE CHALLENGE (MILCOM 2014) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM) CY OCT 06-08, 2014 CL Raytheon, Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA HO Raytheon DE Communications; line-of-sight; Radio; high data rate AB The Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed a line-of-sight (LOS) communications link that operates at upper Ka-band and has been demonstrated to provide connectivity at low power and long ranges (in excess of 100 nmi) and high data rates (up to 720 Mbps). This system, entitled the Tactical Reachback Extended Communications (TREC) system, was tested on two occasions with links extending over the Chesapeake Bay to determine if multipath induced from a sea water surface would detrimentally affect performance at particularly low elevation angles. It was found that no discernable multipath was observed, but in the spring testing, environmental conditions resulted in links extending beyond line of sight. C1 [Rupar, Michael A.; Bajramaj, Blerta] US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rupar, MA (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4799-6770-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2014 BP 1250 EP 1255 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2014.208 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE2QJ UT WOS:000369851400200 ER PT S AU Cohen, AE Kennedy, EJ Rupar, MA AF Cohen, Aaron E. Kennedy, Edward J. Rupar, Michael A. GP IEEE Comp Soc TI VHF Narrowband Relay for LOS extension SO 2014 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: AFFORDABLE MISSION SUCCESS: MEETING THE CHALLENGE (MILCOM 2014) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM) CY OCT 06-08, 2014 CL Raytheon, Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA HO Raytheon DE Relay; VHF; Radio; High Altitude; Balloon AB The Marine Corps has frequent requirements for beyond-line-of-sight communications for voice and narrowband data in challenging terrains that normally limit or truncate links. The Naval Research Laboratory has developed a Iwo-channel narrowband VHF relay that supports narrowband communications using standard Marine Corps radios. This relay is lightweight and designed to be borne aloft at altitudes above 65,000 ft., providing connectivity to nodes as far as 150 nmi from the relay payload. This paper documents the design and the operation of the balloon-borne VHF relay, dubbed "Surrogate TACSAT", and details results from testing conducted out of Yuma Proving Ground in March of 2014. C1 [Cohen, Aaron E.; Rupar, Michael A.] US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kennedy, Edward J.] Exelis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Cohen, AE (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Cohen, Aaron/0000-0002-1637-2103 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4799-6770-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2014 BP 1275 EP 1280 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2014.212 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE2QJ UT WOS:000369851400204 ER PT S AU Robertson, A Tran, LH Colon, J Mai, TV Kompella, S Fu, EHF Molnar, J AF Robertson, Andrew Tran, Lan H. Colon, Juan Mai, Trang V. Kompella, Sastry Fu, Er-Hsien Frank Molnar, Joseph GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Network Performance and Spectral Behavior of Cognitive Radios During a Coexistence Field Test SO 2014 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: AFFORDABLE MISSION SUCCESS: MEETING THE CHALLENGE (MILCOM 2014) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM) CY OCT 06-08, 2014 CL Raytheon, Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA HO Raytheon AB Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) has been proposed as a means of increasing spectrum utilization by sharing between frequency agile and static radios, but the low number of field tests relevant to DoD scenarios has hampered the transition of DSA enabled systems into radio programs of record. This paper details the field testing of multi-transceiver DSA radios operating in the presence of a legacy system. The DSA radios dynamically access spectrum to provide suitable performance for each system. The objective of the test was to establish confidence in the coexistence capability of DSA-enabled solutions. The experiment provides a detailed, quantitative assessment of the spectral and network behavior of tactical DSA-enabled systems across a diverse range of operational scenarios. A key aspect of this experimentation is the correlation of the spectral observations with actual radio performance as the DSA-enabled radios make operating decisions in response to changes in spectrum occupancy. The equipment and experimental setup used to make spectrum and packetized data-traffic measurements are described. The scenarios and methods are explained with special attention placed on the importance of synchronizing all aspects of the tests to achieve viable correlation across the dispersed environment. The data collection and analysis aspects of the experiments are presented, as are the conclusions and recommendations for future extensions to such testing. The results of this effort are intended to inform, guide, and accelerate the transitioning of DSA based radios from the science and technology phase into active deployment across DoD. C1 [Robertson, Andrew; Tran, Lan H.; Colon, Juan; Mai, Trang V.; Kompella, Sastry; Molnar, Joseph] Naval Res Lab, Networks & Commun Syst Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fu, Er-Hsien Frank] KEYW Corp, Hanover, MD USA. RP Robertson, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Networks & Commun Syst Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4799-6770-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2014 BP 1399 EP 1404 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2014.232 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE2QJ UT WOS:000369851400224 ER PT J AU Kendall, PA Duroe, K Arthur, PR Ellis, M Owen, MC Woolf, RS Wulf, EA Hutcheson, AL Phlips, BF AF Kendall, P. A. Duroe, K. Arthur, P. R. Ellis, M. Owen, M. C. Woolf, R. S. Wulf, E. A. Hutcheson, A. L. Phlips, B. F. GP IEEE TI Comparative Study of the Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) Performance of Fast Neutron Detectors SO 2014 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium / Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) CY NOV 08-15, 2014 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE AB Certain scintillating materials are sensitive to both gamma and neutron radiation and can give information about the type of interacting radiation due to differences in the light output response. By collecting the light pulses and converting them to electrical signals the nature of the radiation can be determined by measuring the amount of electrical charge in the pulse tail for neutrons, the pulses are longer, with more charge in the tail than for the shorter gamma pulses. This determination called Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) can nowadays be performed in real-time onboard digitisers during data collection. In this work several detectors (EJ301, EJ309 liquids; EJ299-33 plastic and p-terphenyl scintillators) of various shapes and sizes were connected to several digital Data Acquisition (DAQ) systems as well as the established digital / analogue hybrid Mesytec MPD8 / MADC-32 set up in a comparative study. The aim of the campaign was to produce a Figures of Merit (EOM) for the PSD performance of the various detector / DAQ combinations to give relative performance estimates of the CAEN V1751 10-bit 1 GSample/s digitiser in comparison with other DAQ solutions within a near-standardised experimental environment. It is likely that the DAQ set ups were not equivalent as significant differences in the matching of the detector outputs to the dynamic range of the digitisers were observed however, with the configurations used in this campaign the CAEN V1751 digitiser showed superior FOM values to the Struck SiS3320, Bridgeport usbBase and Mesytec MPD-8 DAQ systems tested. Furthermore, there seemed little difference between the FOM from the faster but lower voltage resolution (1 GSample/s with 10 bits) CAEN V1751 compared to the slower but higher resolution (250 MSample/s with 12 bits) CAEN N6720 digitiser for this application. C1 [Kendall, P. A.; Duroe, K.; Arthur, P. R.; Ellis, M.; Owen, M. C.] AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Woolf, R. S.; Wulf, E. A.; Hutcheson, A. L.; Phlips, B. F.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kendall, PA (reprint author), AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. EM paul.kendall@awe.co.uk FU UK Home Office; Ministry of Defence FX The authors wish to thank the UK Home Office and Ministry of Defence for funding this research. Thanks also to the US Chief of Naval Research (CNR) who sponsored the work conducted by the NRL co-authors. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-6097-2 PY 2014 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BG9AN UT WOS:000392917500434 ER PT J AU Mitchell, LJ Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Hutcheson, AL Gwon, C Woolf, RS Polaski, D AF Mitchell, Lee J. Phlips, Bernard F. Wulf, Eric A. Hutcheson, Anthony L. Gwon, Chul Woolf, Richard S. Polaski, Donald GP IEEE TI Low-Altitude Measurements of the Neutron Background SO 2014 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium / Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) CY NOV 08-15, 2014 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE gamma-ray detection; neutron detection; homeland security AB Low-altitude neutron measurements were made to better define the neutron background in airborne radiation detection systems. An early publication shows a little-known effect that occurs in the thermal and epithermal component of the neutron flux at approximately 150-300 ft (similar to 90m). Both components of the neutron flux decrease as they approach 150 ft in altitude and increase with further increases in altitude. This work better defines the altitude dependence of the neutron flux near the ground. Unmoderated He-3 tubes were used to measure the thermal neutron background component, and a EJ-299 plastic pulse shape discrimination (PSD) detector was used to measure the fast neutron background component. The direct energy measurements were also some of the first altitude measurements made with this type of neutron detector. Measurements were made using a 6 ft tethered helium-filled balloon at altitudes of 50 to 500 ft (similar to 150 m) in 50 ft increments. Measurements above 500 ft were made on board the Navy's MZ-3A (Figure 1) airship. The results show reasonable agreement to simulations performed in SoftWare for Optimization of Radiation Detectors (SWORD), which interfaces with MCNP6. The simulated results for the thermal neutron rates agreed with the experimental measurements showing an increase in the count rate near the air/ground interface. C1 [Mitchell, Lee J.; Phlips, Bernard F.; Wulf, Eric A.; Hutcheson, Anthony L.; Gwon, Chul; Woolf, Richard S.] NRL, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Polaski, Donald] Praxis Inc, 5845 Richmond Highway,Suite 700, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Mitchell, LJ (reprint author), NRL, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lee.mitchell@nrl.navy.mil; bernard.phlips@nrl.navy.mil; eric.wulf@nrl.navy.mil; anthony.hutcheson@nrl.navy.mil; chul.gwon@nrl.navy.mil; richard.woolf@nrl.navy.mil; drpolaskijr@gmail.com FU Chief of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank the Chief of Naval Research for supporting this work. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-6097-2 PY 2014 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BG9AN UT WOS:000392917500371 ER PT J AU Ryzhikov, VD Naydenov, SV Onyshchenko, GM Piven, LA Pochet, T Smith, CF AF Ryzhikov, V. D. Naydenov, S. V. Onyshchenko, G. M. Piven, L. A. Pochet, T. Smith, C. F. GP IEEE TI High Efficiency Fast Neutron Detectors Based on Inorganic Scintillators SO 2014 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium / Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) CY NOV 08-15, 2014 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE AB The possibility was studied of using highly efficient heavy inorganic oxide solid-state scintillation detectors for the detection of mixed gamma-neutron radiation. In the detection of gamma-neutron radiation, the gamma detection efficiency for such detectors reaches 70-80%, with neutron detection efficiency not less than 40%. Detection efficiencies were measured for the heavy oxide scintillator crystals CWO (CdWO4), ZWO (ZnWO4), BGO (Bi4Ge3O12), GSO (Gd2SiO5), YSO:Ce (Y2SiO5: Ce) and LuAG:Ce (Lu3Al5O12:Ce). For comparison purposes, the scintillators NaI:Tl, LiI:Eu, ZnSe(Te), CsI(Tl) were also considered. The dependencies of detection efficiency on Zeff, thickness and area of the detector were obtained. To eliminate the effects of accompanying gamma-radiation in the detection of neutrons, suppression of gamma-background was studied using lead protection of 2-40 mm thickness as well as a protection screen consisting of a cylindrical ring of BGO with an internal diameter of 40 mm and an external diameter 60 mm surrounding a cylindrical CWO scintillator detector of dimension 40x40 mm. Suppression of the gamma background by factors of 2-10 was achieved with passive protection. With the BGO screen in an active mode, gamma background suppression reached 10(3). Also, an original "windows" method [1] of data analysis was proposed for mathematical processing of gamma background, with appropriate software, allowing us to reach neutron/gamma ratios from 10(5) to 10(7). C1 [Ryzhikov, V. D.; Onyshchenko, G. M.; Piven, L. A.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Scintillat Mat, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Naydenov, S. V.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Single Crystals, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Pochet, T.] DETEC Europe, Vannes, France. [Smith, C. F.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Ryzhikov, VD (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Scintillat Mat, Kharkov, Ukraine. EM ryzhikov@isma.kharkov.ua; sergei.naydenov@gmail.com; tpochet@detec-rad.com; craigfsmith@yahoo.com FU NATO Science for Peace Program [SfP-984605] FX Manuscript received November 27, 2014. This work was supported in part by the NATO Science for Peace Program (Project SfP-984605). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-6097-2 PY 2014 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BG9AN UT WOS:000392917500421 ER PT J AU Wulf, EA Hutcheson, AL Mitchell, LJ Woolf, RS Phlips, BF AF Wulf, Eric A. Hutcheson, Anthony L. Mitchell, Lee J. Woolf, Richard S. Phlips, Bernard F. GP IEEE TI Mobile Outdoor SuperMISTI Compton Imager SO 2014 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium / Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) CY NOV 08-15, 2014 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE AB The SuperMISTI coded aperture imager trailer has been modified as a Compton imager with a 5 x 5 array of either NaI or plastic detectors and a 6 x 13 array of NaI detectors separated by 1.66 m. Gamma-ray sources were located by both the NaI-NaI and the Plastic-NaI imagers at 10s of meters standoff distances. The results from the new Compton cameras are compared to the coded aperture imager that also utilizes the 6 x 13 array of NaI detectors. C1 [Wulf, Eric A.; Hutcheson, Anthony L.; Mitchell, Lee J.; Woolf, Richard S.; Phlips, Bernard F.] Naval Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wulf, EA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, High Energy Space Environm Branch, Code 7654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wulf@nrl.navy.mil; anthony.hutcheson@nrl.navy.mil; lee.mitchell@nrl.navy.mil; richard.woolf@nrl.navy.mil; phlips@nrl.navy.mil FU Chief of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Chief of Naval Research. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-6097-2 PY 2014 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BG9AN UT WOS:000392917500364 ER PT S AU Hu, Y Menyuk, CR Hutchinson, M Urick, VJ Williams, KJ AF Hu, Yue Menyuk, Curtis R. Hutchinson, Meredith Urick, Vincent J. Williams, Keith J. GP IEEE TI Modeling nonlinearity in a partially depleted absorber photodetector and a modified uni-traveling carrier photodetector SO 2014 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY OCT 12-16, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We investigate the sources of nonlinearity in a partially depleted absorber (PDA) photodetector and a modified uni-traveling-carrier (MUTC) photodetector. The Franz-Keldysh effect and impact ionization are the two most important sources of nonlinearity. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Hu, Yue; Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hutchinson, Meredith; Urick, Vincent J.; Williams, Keith J.] Naval Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hu, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM yuehu1@umbc.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1504-4 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2014 BP 206 EP 207 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE4YN UT WOS:000372323200102 ER PT S AU Davanco, M Sapienza, L Hellberg, CS Ates, S Balram, KC Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Sapienza, Luca Hellberg, C. Stephen Ates, Serkan Balram, Krishna C. Badolato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Quantum dot single photon sources: blinking and deterministic device fabrication SO 2014 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY OCT 12-16, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We discuss both multiple-time-scale blinking and deterministic device fabrication based on quantum dot registration through optical positioning, each within the context of creating bright, high efficiency single photon sources based on self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots. C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Sapienza, Luca; Ates, Serkan; Balram, Krishna C.; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo; Sapienza, Luca; Ates, Serkan; Balram, Krishna C.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hellberg, C. Stephen] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20735 USA. [Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1504-4 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2014 BP 546 EP 547 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE4YN UT WOS:000372323200260 ER PT S AU Spott, A Davenport, ML Peters, J Bovington, JT Heck, MJ Bowers, JE Meyer, JR AF Spott, A. Davenport, M. L. Peters, J. Bovington, J. T. Heck, M. J. Bowers, J. E. Meyer, J. R. GP IEEE TI A CW Mid-infrared Hybrid Silicon Laser at Room Temperature SO 2014 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY OCT 12-16, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID WAVE-GUIDES AB We report the first CW room temperature mid-infrared (lambda=2.0 mu m) laser heterogeneously integrated on silicon. Molecular (polymer-free) wafer bonding of InP to Si is employed. III-V tapers transfer light from a hybrid III-V/silicon optical mode into a Si waveguide mode. Polished Si facets form a Fabry-Peot laser cavity. C1 [Spott, A.; Davenport, M. L.; Peters, J.; Bovington, J. T.; Heck, M. J.; Bowers, J. E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spott, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM spott@ece.umail.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1504-4 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE4YN UT WOS:000372323200001 ER PT J AU Palkuti, L Alles, M Hughes, H AF Palkuti, Les Alles, Michael Hughes, Harold GP IEEE TI The Role of Radiation Effects in SOI Technology Development SO 2014 IEEE SOI-3D-Subthreshold Microelectronics Technology Unified Conference (S3S) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOI-3D-Subthreshold Microelectronics Technology Unified Conference CY OCT 06-09, 2014 CL Millbrae, CA DE Radiation resistant; CMOS/SOI; TID effects; SEE effects AB The technical development of radiation resistant CMOS/SOI technologies is reviewed. Inherent hardness of SOI to dose rate upset and latchup has leveraged major developments of SOI technologies. TID hardness for up to the 150nm node was addressed by process hardening. Inherent hardness of 45nm and 32nm technologies reduced the need for TID hardening. As technology is scaled to 28nm and 14nm nodes TID hardening is again required. SEU hardening is addressed by circuit design for a wide range of technologies with significant SEU improvement for 28nm and 14nm is observed. C1 [Palkuti, Les] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvior, VA USA. [Alles, Michael] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Hughes, Harold] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Palkuti, L (reprint author), Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvior, VA USA. EM Les.palkuti@DTRA.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7439-9 PY 2014 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF3RA UT WOS:000380569700052 ER PT S AU Li, X Han, Q Liu, ZQ Wu, ZQ AF Li, Xue Han, Qian Liu, Zhiqiang Wu, Zhiqiang GP IEEE TI Novel Modulation Detection Scheme for Underwater Acoustic Communication Signal Through Short-Time Detailed Cyclostationary Features SO 2014 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (WCNC) SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) CY APR 06-09, 2014 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE AB In this paper, we propose a new method for blind modulation detection based on detailed second order cyclostationary features for underwater acoustic communication. Due to the severe and fast varying Doppler shift and phase noise in the underwater acoustic communication channel, much shorter signal length can be used to detection the modulation scheme, leading to less accuracy in the modulation detection performance. Here we propose a brand new method to perform modulation detection: by analyzing the zoomed-in spectral coherence function (SOF) of short time signal, we observe distinctive detailed features for different modulations. Taking advantage of such detailed features in short time SOF, we design a novel blind modulation detection algorithm for underwater acoustic communication system. To the best of our knowledge, our paper is the first to employ such detailed, in some sense hidden, features of cyclostationary analysis to conduct modulation detection. Coupled with our previous work on blind carrier frequency estimation and symbol rate estimation algorithms, the proposed modulation detection algorithm enjoys very high detection accuracy, high speed, and low complexity. Real experimental data collected at sea are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. It is also important to note that the proposed method does not assume any a priori knowledge of the target signal. C1 [Li, Xue] Samsung Inf Syst Amer Inc, Mobile Solut Lab, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. [Han, Qian] Deloitte, Financial Advisory Serv, New York, NY USA. [Liu, Zhiqiang] US Navy, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), Samsung Inf Syst Amer Inc, Mobile Solut Lab, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 978-1-4799-3083-8 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2014 BP 624 EP 629 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG9AL UT WOS:000392912400109 ER PT J AU Paxton, NC Jang, DI Moskowitz, IS Ahn, GJ Russell, S AF Paxton, Napoleon C. Jang, Dae-il Moskowitz, Ira S. Ahn, Gail-Joon Russell, Stephen GP IEEE TI Discovering and Analyzing Deviant Communities: Methods and Experiments SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COLLABORATIVE COMPUTING: NETWORKING, APPLICATIONS AND WORKSHARING (COLLABORATECOM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Conference on Collaborative Computing Networking Applications and Worksharing CY OCT 22-25, 2014 CL Miami, FL ID NETWORKS AB Botnets continue to threaten the security landscape of computer networks worldwide. This is due in part to the time lag present between discovery of botnet traffic and identification of actionable intelligence derived from the traffic analysis. In this article we present a novel method to fill such a gap by segmenting botnet traffic into communities and identifying the category of each community member. This information can be used to identify attack members (bot nodes), command and control members (Command and Control nodes), botnet controller members (botmaster nodes), and victim members (victim nodes). All of which can be used immediately in forensics or in defense of future attacks. The true novelty of our approach is the segmentation of the malicious network data into relational communities and not just spatially based clusters. The relational nature of the communities allows us to discover the community roles without a deep analysis of the entire network. We discuss the feasibility and practicality of our method through experiments with real-world botnet traffic. Our experimental results show a high detection rate with a low false positive rate, which gives encouragement that our approach can be a valuable addition to a defense in depth strategy. C1 [Paxton, Napoleon C.; Moskowitz, Ira S.; Russell, Stephen] Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jang, Dae-il; Ahn, Gail-Joon] Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp, Informat, Decis Syst Engn, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Paxton, NC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-63190-043-3 PY 2014 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.4108/icst.collaboratecom.2014.257262 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2KY UT WOS:000380476700018 ER PT J AU Paxton, N Mathews, J AF Paxton, Napoleon Mathews, Joseph GP IEEE TI Identifying Network Packets Across Translational Boundaries SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COLLABORATIVE COMPUTING: NETWORKING, APPLICATIONS AND WORKSHARING (COLLABORATECOM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Conference on Collaborative Computing Networking Applications and Worksharing CY OCT 22-25, 2014 CL Miami, FL DE source identity; translational boundary; packet marking AB A translational boundary is any computer network system which performs network address translation in order to act as an intermediary between client requests and server responses. Since boundaries essentially hide networks from the world by acting on their behalf, a sensor monitoring traffic for malicious activity outside of a boundary would attribute the boundary itself as the target of an attack rather than the actual host affected behind the boundary. This challenge is exacerbated inside of tiered network architectures and drives the need for a capability to track network communications across boundaries. While several attempts have been made at addressing this problem space, existing approaches are often difficult to implement or fundamentally problematic. We propose a novel method for tracking communications across boundaries based on the fact that the message being transmitted must remain constant and intact in order for it to be successfully interpreted by a server. The proposed method leverages cryptographic hashing techniques applied towards the application layer payload of network packets from two different perspectives on the network, enabling correlation before and after the packet headers are modified by the boundary. The technique can be implemented atop open source technology on commodity hardware, and provides a stable foundation for building tiered enterprise network architectures with an inherent capability for pinpointing malicious activity. C1 [Paxton, Napoleon; Mathews, Joseph] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paxton, N (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-63190-043-3 PY 2014 BP 523 EP 530 DI 10.4108/icst.collaboratecom.2014.257685 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2KY UT WOS:000380476700065 ER PT J AU Erdogan, AY Gulum, TO Durak-Ata, L Yildirim, T Pace, PE AF Erdogan, A. Yasin Gulum, Taylan O. Durak-Ata, Lutfiye Yildirim, Tulay Pace, Phillip E. GP IEEE TI Digital Chirp Rate Adaptation for Increased FMCW Interception Performance in Hough Based Transforms SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radar Conference CY OCT 13-17, 2014 CL Lille, FRANCE DE Digital Chirp Rate; Wigner Distribution; LPI; FMCW; Wigner-Hough Transform; Electronic Support Receiver AB Radars that can hide their emissions from threat intercept receivers and radar warning receivers are called low probability of intercept (LPI) radars and wide-band linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Waveform (FMCW) is one of the most common waveform structures they use. FMCW LPI radars use different chirp rates to vary range resolution and doppler resolution. In this work we investigate the effect of chirp rate on electronic support (ES) intercept receiver systems' performance of intercepting FMCW signals. We define ES Receiver (ESR) Digital Chirp Rate (DCR) concept, find the chirp rate interval that maximizes the interception performance and finally we propose an adaptive method for improving intercept performance of the Wigner-Hough Transform (WHT) based methods using ESR-DCR concept. The investigation is performed on different ROC curves of the WHT methods. C1 [Erdogan, A. Yasin; Gulum, Taylan O.; Durak-Ata, Lutfiye; Yildirim, Tulay] Yildiz Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [Pace, Phillip E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Erdogan, AY (reprint author), Yildiz Tech Univ, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. EM erdogan.yasin@ieee.org; gulum.taylan@ieee.org; lutfiye@ieee.org; tulay@yildiz.edu.tr; pepace@nps.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4195-7 PY 2014 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF5OD UT WOS:000382379800086 ER PT S AU Geder, JD Ramamurti, R Edwards, D Young, T Pruessner, M AF Geder, Jason D. Ramamurti, Ravi Edwards, Dan Young, Trent Pruessner, Marius GP IEEE TI Development of a Robotic Fin for Hydrodynamic Propulsion and Aerodynamic Control SO 2014 OCEANS - ST. JOHN'S SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans Conference CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL St Johns, CANADA DE bio-inspired robotics; air-deployed UUV; pectoral fin; high-speed ingress; underwater propulsion ID PECTORAL FIN; KINEMATICS; DESIGN; SPEED AB An unmanned vehicle is being developed for highspeed aerial ingress to a target shallow water environment after which it will transition to underwater low-speed operations. This paper describes the design and analysis of a bio-inspired robotic fin for use as an underwater propulsion and control mechanism, and the effect this fin has on the aerodynamic characteristics of the air-deployed vehicle platform. Building on previous fin research, both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results and experimental data are used to evaluate the hydrodynamic thrust of a flapping fin, as well as the aerodynamic lift of a static fin. This analysis validates the fin design for use on a hybrid air-underwater vehicle. C1 [Geder, Jason D.; Ramamurti, Ravi] Naval Res Lab, Labs Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Edwards, Dan; Young, Trent] Naval Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pruessner, Marius] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Geder, JD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Labs Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4799-4918-2 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BE2QI UT WOS:000369848800115 ER PT S AU Illig, DW Rumbaugh, L Jemison, WD Laux, A Mullen, L AF Illig, David W. Rumbaugh, Luke Jemison, William D. Laux, Alan Mullen, Linda GP IEEE TI Statistical backscatter suppression technique for a wideband hybrid lidar-radar ranging system SO 2014 OCEANS - ST. JOHN'S SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans Conference CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL St Johns, CANADA DE underwater; optical; ranging; scattering ID FREQUENCY; REFLECTOMETRY AB A new backscatter suppression technique is applied to a wideband modulation scheme to enhance optical ranging in underwater environments. The statistical digital signal processing (DSP) approach of blind signal separation (BSS) [1-2] is applied to a frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) [3-4] ranging system. Applying BSS to the FDR system allows the backscatter return to be dynamically measured and cancelled out before computing range. Results from simulations and laboratory experiments are presented to demonstrate the combined FDR/ BSS approach. C1 [Illig, David W.; Rumbaugh, Luke; Jemison, William D.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Potsdam, NY USA. [Laux, Alan; Mullen, Linda] NAVAIR, EO & Special Mission Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Illig, DW (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Potsdam, NY USA. EM illigdw@clarkson.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4799-4918-2 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BE2QI UT WOS:000369848800111 ER PT S AU McGee, J Catipovic, J Swaszek, P AF McGee, James Catipovic, Josko Swaszek, Peter GP IEEE TI Leveraging Spatial Diversity to Mitigate Partial Band Interference in Undersea Networks through Waveform Reconstruction SO 2014 OCEANS - ST. JOHN'S SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans Conference CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL St Johns, CANADA ID CHANNEL ESTIMATION; OFDM SYSTEMS; UNKNOWN INTERFERENCE; CANCELLATION; NOISE AB Many acoustic channels suffer from interference which is neither narrowband nor impulsive. This relatively long duration partial band interference can be particularly detrimental to system performance. We survey recent work in interference mitigation as background motivation to develop a spatial diversity receiver for use in underwater networks. The network consists of multiple distributed cabled hydrophones that receive data transmitted over a time-varying multipath channel in the presence of partial band interference produced by interfering active sonar signals as well as marine mammal vocalizations. In operational networks, many "dropped" messages are lost due to partial band interference which corrupts different portions of the received signal depending on the relative position of the interferers, information source and receivers due to the slow speed of propagation. Our algorithm has been tested on simulated data and is shown to work on an example from a recent undersea experiment. C1 [McGee, James; Catipovic, Josko] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Swaszek, Peter] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect Comp & Biomed Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP McGee, J (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM james.a.mcgee@navy.mil; josko.catipovic@navy.mil; swaszek@ele.uri.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4799-4918-2 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BE2QI UT WOS:000369848800092 ER PT S AU Ramotowski, TS Tucker, WC Rice, MA Duszkiewicz, AM AF Ramotowski, Thomas S. Tucker, Wayne C. Rice, Matthew A. Duszkiewicz, Adam M. GP IEEE TI Adhesion and Corrosion Issues Associated with Non-Conductive Ceramic (NCC) Coatings SO 2014 OCEANS - ST. JOHN'S SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans Conference CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL St Johns, CANADA DE cathodic delamination; cathodic disbondment; cable connectors; NCC; non-conductive ceramic coatings; accelerated life testing; adhesion; galvanic corrosion AB During the past two decades, non-conductive ceramic (NCC) coatings have been widely applied to connectors to prevent cathodic delamination. The ceramic comprising the NCC coating cannot support the electrochemical reactions (such as the reduction of dissolved oxygen to produce hydroxyl ions) that normally cause adhesive bonds to fail under cathodic delamination conditions. While the wide-scale adoption of this technology initially reduced the number and frequency of cable connector debonding failures, an upsurge in cable failures over the last five years has revealed that NCC coatings, as originally designed and implemented, are now much less effective in preventing cathodic delamination. Standard NCC-coated connectors now fail rapidly under cathodic delamination conditions rather than lasting the 10-15 years projected by accelerated life testing results obtained when NCC coatings were first being evaluated. Many recent cable connector failures have been traced to debonds between the NCC coating and the primers used to adhere polyurethane encapsulants to the connectors. While the exact mechanism via which these debonds occur has not yet been definitively established, deterioration of the NCC coating's "seal-coat" layer under the localized highly alkaline conditions that develop during cathodic delamination is believed to play a critical role in the debonding process. Corrosion-based failures of NCC coatings applied to connectors not subjected to cathodic delamination conditions have also been observed. These failures tend to be restricted to connector backshells made from highly corrosion-resistant metals/alloys (e.g., titanium, inconel etc.) and result from dissimilar metals or metal alloys being in contact with each other in seawater thereby initiating and sustaining a galvanic corrosion cell. The end result of the process is the dissolution of the NCC coating's "metal matching layer", which undermines the NCC layer and causes it to debond from the connector backshell. Examples of the above debonding scenarios obtained from autopsies of failed cables will be used to emphasize the need for new/improved technologies for preventing the cathodic disbondment of cable connector backshells from their overmolding encapsulants. C1 [Ramotowski, Thomas S.; Tucker, Wayne C.; Rice, Matthew A.; Duszkiewicz, Adam M.] US Navy, Naval Sea Syst Command, Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ramotowski, TS (reprint author), US Navy, Naval Sea Syst Command, Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM thomas.ramotowski@navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4799-4918-2 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BE2QI UT WOS:000369848800062 ER PT S AU Sacatelli, R Schofield, T Todoroff, K Carandang, A Eng, A Lowry, I Mather, H Ramos, A Swart, S Dottori, M Strandskov, N Kohut, J Schofield, O Glenn, S AF Sacatelli, Rachael Schofield, Tobias Todoroff, Katherine Carandang, Angela Eng, Alyson Lowry, Ian Mather, Harrison Ramos, Antonio Swart, Sebastiaan Dottori, Marcelo Strandskov, Nilsen Kohut, Josh Schofield, Oscar Glenn, Scott GP IEEE TI Ocean Predictive Skill Assessments in the South Atlantic: Crowd-Sourcing of Student-Based Discovery SO 2014 OCEANS - ST. JOHN'S SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans Conference CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL St Johns, CANADA DE Ocean Forecasting; Autonomous Underwater Gliders; Challenger Glider Mission AB Autonomous Underwater Gliders have over a decade long history of successful regional deployments serving scientific, societal and security needs in application areas ranging from pole to pole and including the full range of water depths from shallow coastal seas to the deep ocean. Glider deployments covering the basin scale are much fewer, but are a growing capacity as demonstrated by the Woods Hole to Bermuda line that crosses the Gulf Stream, the Atlantic Crossing line that follows the Gulf Stream, and the basin circling flights now being conducted as part of the Challenger Glider Mission. The next step in the evolution of the global Challenger mission is to enable an ensemble of modelers from different institutions and agencies to participate in a meaningful way. This process with be formalized in 2014 by leveraging the data management tools of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) and the education tools of the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) Ocean Observing Initiative (OOI). The Education Visualization (EV) tools developed by the OOI's Education and Public Engagement (EPE) Implementing Organization (IO) are currently being configured through the cyber OOI net to display real time OOI glider data with intuitive interactive browser-based tools, reducing the barriers for student participation in sea exploration and discovery. Through U.S. IOOS, forecast ocean data will be harvested from the ephemeral ocean snapshots produced by an ensemble of ocean models along the same glider tracks as Challenger. The parallel observed and forecast datasets, both evolving in real time, will be accessible through the same OOI EV tools, enabling student participation in a crowd-sourced ocean predictive skill experiment. The result will satisfy one of the important goals of the Challenger mission by enabling students to assess of the quality of the ensemble of available global scale ocean models. Student research team projects that use the new model data comparison capabilities will be conducted during the summer of 2014. Students will compare an ensemble of the global ocean models along the high velocity transport pathways by gliders on basin-scale missions, such as one that traverses the northern side of the South Atlantic gyre along the Brazilian shelfbreak. The lasting impact of the Challenger mission will be a global fleet available to respond to events, an assessment of the ocean models along the fastest ocean transport pathways, and the establishment of a network of gliderports for global response. C1 [Sacatelli, Rachael; Schofield, Tobias; Todoroff, Katherine; Strandskov, Nilsen; Kohut, Josh; Schofield, Oscar; Glenn, Scott] Rutgers State Univ, Coastal Ocean Observat Lab, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Carandang, Angela; Eng, Alyson; Lowry, Ian; Mather, Harrison] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Ramos, Antonio] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain. [Swart, Sebastiaan] CSIR, Southern Ocean Carbon & Climate Observ, Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Swart, Sebastiaan] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Dottori, Marcelo] Univ Sao Paulo, Oceanog Inst, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Sacatelli, R (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Coastal Ocean Observat Lab, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4799-4918-2 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BE2QI UT WOS:000369848800158 ER PT J AU Markel, Z Bilzor, M AF Markel, Zane Bilzor, Michael GP IEEE TI Building a Machine Learning Classifier for Malware Detection SO 2014 Second Workshop on Anti-malware Testing Research (WATeR) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2014 Second Workshop on Anti-malware Testing Research CY OCT 23, 2014 CL ABode Canterbury Hotel, Canterbury, UNITED KINGDOM SP Anti malware Testing Stand Org (AMTSO), IEEE Compu Soc, Virus Bulletin HO ABode Canterbury Hotel AB Current signature-based antivirus software is ineffective against many modern malicious software threats. Machine learning methods can be used to create more effective antimalware software, capable of detecting even zero-day attacks. Some studies have investigated the plausibility of applying machine learning to malware detection, primarily using features from n-grams of an executables file's byte code. We propose an approach that primarily learns from metadata, mostly contained in the headers of executable files, specifically the Windows Portable Executable 32-bit (PE32) file format. Our experiments indicate that executable file metadata is highly discriminative between malware and benign software. We also employ various machine learning methods, finding that Decision Tree classifiers outperform Logistic Regression and Naive Bayes in this setting. We analyze various features of the PE32 header and identify those most suitable for machine learning classifiers. Finally, we evaluate changes in classifier performance when the malware prevalence (fraction of malware versus benign software) is varied. C1 [Markel, Zane; Bilzor, Michael] US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Markel, Z (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m154500@usna.edu; bilzor@usna.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-6070-5 PY 2014 BP 20 EP 23 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BF4CT UT WOS:000380618500005 ER PT J AU Fellows, M Barlow, J Barkate, J Mosley, M Flachsbart, M Baylis, C Cohen, L Marks, RJ AF Fellows, Matthew Barlow, Jennifer Barkate, Joseph Mosley, Matthew Flachsbart, Matthew Baylis, Charles Cohen, Lawrence Marks, Robert J., II GP ASME TI Measurement-Based Radar Waveform Optimization Using the Ambiguity Function and Spectral Mask SO 2014 TEXAS SYMPOSIUM ON WIRELESS AND MICROWAVE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (WMCS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wireless and Microwave Circuits and Systems CY APR 03-04, 2014 CL Waco, TX ID SIGNALS AB This paper demonstrates the optimization of a radar waveform based on ambiguity function measurements and spectral mask criteria. Compliance with spectral mask criteria is becoming ever-critical in radar systems due to the increased number of devices using the wireless spectrum. The capability of reducing ambiguity at certain range-Doppler combinations is useful in enhancing the detection capability of radar systems. This paper shows the combined optimization for both ambiguity function and spectral mask criteria based on time-domain measurements taken with a high-speed oscilloscope. A benefit of optimizing based on measurements is that the transmitter power amplifier's output waveform can be used, allowing the results of nonlinear distortion to be factored into the optimization process. C1 [Fellows, Matthew; Barlow, Jennifer; Barkate, Joseph; Mosley, Matthew; Flachsbart, Matthew; Baylis, Charles; Marks, Robert J., II] Baylor Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wireless & Microwave Circuits & Syst Program, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Cohen, Lawrence] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fellows, M (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wireless & Microwave Circuits & Syst Program, Waco, TX 76798 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF3MS UT WOS:000380557500020 ER PT J AU Fu, HY Scales, W Bernhardt, PA Briczinski, SJ Kosch, MJ Senior, A Rietveld, MT Yeoman, TK Ruohoniemi, JM AF Fu, Haiyang Scales, Wayne Bernhardt, Paul A. Briczinski, Stanley J. Kosch, Michael J. Senior, Andrew Rietveld, Michael T. Yeoman, Timothy K. Ruohoniemi, John M. GP IEEE TI New Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission Experiment at EISCAT SO 2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS) CY AUG 16-23, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP URSI ID BRILLOUIN SCATTER; IONOSPHERE AB Observations of secondary radiation, Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission (SEE), produced during ionospheric modification experiments using ground-based high-power high frequency HF radio waves are considered. The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility is capable of generating Magnetized Stimulated Brillouin scatter MSBS and Stimulated Ion Bernstein scatter SIBS in the SEE spectrum. Narrowband SEE features have not been observed at EISCAT before. Narrowband MSBS spectrums are compared to such behavior previously observed at HAARP. Preliminary analyses of SEE data show observation of ion acoustic emission lines due to stimulated Brillouin scatter during the 2012 July EISCAT campaign. For varying heater antenna beam angles, the CUTLASS radar backscatter induced by HF radio pumping is suppressed near electron gyro-harmonics whereas electron temperature enhancement weakens measured by EISCAT/UHF radar. C1 [Fu, Haiyang] Fudan Univ, Key Lab Informat Sci Electromagnet Waves MoE, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Scales, Wayne] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Bernhardt, Paul A.; Briczinski, Stanley J.; Ruohoniemi, John M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kosch, Michael J.; Senior, Andrew] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. [Rietveld, Michael T.] EISCAT Res Assoc, Ramfjordbotn, Norway. [Yeoman, Timothy K.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Fu, HY (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Key Lab Informat Sci Electromagnet Waves MoE, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM haiyang_fu@fudan.edu.cn RI Yeoman, Timothy/L-9105-2014 OI Yeoman, Timothy/0000-0002-8434-4825 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5225-3 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE0QU UT WOS:000366628703144 ER PT J AU Mahmoudian, A Scales, W Bordikar, M Bernhardt, P AF Mahmoudian, Alireza Scales, Wayne Bordikar, Maitrayee Bernhardt, Paul GP IEEE TI Narrowband Stimulated Electromagnetic Emissions (SEE) spectra: a new ionospheric diagnostic technique SO 2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS) CY AUG 16-23, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP URSI AB Use of high frequency (HF) heating experiments has been extended in recent years as a useful methodology for plasma physicists wishing to remotely study the properties and behavior of the ionosphere as well as nonlinear plasma processes. Our recent work using high latitude heating experiments has lead to several important discoveries that have enabled assessment of active geomagnetic conditions, determination of minor ion species and their densities, ion mass spectrometry, electron temperature measurements in the heating ionosphere, as well a deeper understanding of physical processes associated with electron acceleration and formation of field aligned irregularities. All of these diagnostic capabilities have been made possible for the first time by utilizing the narrowband Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission SEE spectrum. Narrowband SEE spectra from the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility are presented with theoretical models to demonstrate these new capabilities along with other supporting diagnostic measurements including, range-time-intensity of FAIs (field aligned irregularities) using SuperDARN HF radar, enhanced ion lines detected by MUIR radar, DMSP satellite observations over HAARP, and coordinated observations of pump induced optical emissions. C1 [Mahmoudian, Alireza; Scales, Wayne; Bordikar, Maitrayee] Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bernhardt, Paul] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mahmoudian, A (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM alirezam@vt.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5225-3 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE0QU UT WOS:000366628703143 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, M Kato, T Ishisaka, K Yokoyama, T Iwagami, N Takahashi, T Tanaka, M Endo, K Kumamoto, A Watanabe, S Yamamoto, MY Abe, T Saito, S Tsugawa, T Nishioka, M Bernhardt, P Larsen, M AF Yamamoto, Mamoru Kato, Tomohiro Ishisaka, Keigo Yokoyama, Tatsuhiro Iwagami, Naomoto Takahashi, Takao Tanaka, Makoto Endo, Ken Kumamoto, Atsushi Watanabe, Shigeto Yamamoto, Masa-yuki Abe, Takumi Saito, Susumu Tsugawa, Takuya Nishioka, Michi Bernhardt, Paul Larsen, Miguel GP IEEE TI Study of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTID) with sounding rockets and ground observations SO 2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS) CY AUG 16-23, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP URSI AB Medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID) is an interesting phenomenon in the F-region. The MSTID is frequent in summer nighttime over Japan, showing wave structures with wavelengths of 100-200 km, periodicity of about 1 hour, and propagation toward the southwest. The phenomena are observed by the total electron content (TEC) from GEONET, Japanese dense network of GPS receivers, and 630 nm airglow imagers as horizontal pattern. It was also measured as Spread-F events of ionograms or as field-aligned echoes of the MU radar. MSTID was, in the past, explained by Perkins instability while its low growth rate was a problem [1]. Recently 3D simulation study by Yokoyama et al. [2] hypothesized a generation mechanism of the MSTID, which stands on electromagnetic E/F-region coupling of the ionosphere. The hypothesis is that the MSTID first grows with polarization electric fields from sporadic-E, then show spatial structures resembling to the Perkins instability. We recently conducted an observation campaign to check this hypothesis. We launched JASA ISAS sounding rockets S-310-42 and S-520-27 at 23:00 JST and 23:57JST on July 20, 2013 while an MSTID event was monitored in real-time by the GPS-TEC from GEONET. We found 1-5mV/m northeastward/eastward electric fields during the flight. Variation of electric fileds was associated with horizontal distribution of plasma density. Wind velocity was measured by the TME and Lithium releases from S-310-42 and S-520-27 rockets, respectively, showing southward wind near the sporadic-E layer heights. These results are consistent to the expected generation mechanism shown above. In the presentation we will discuss electric-field results and its relationship with plasma density variability together with preliminary results from the neutral-wind observations. C1 [Yamamoto, Mamoru; Kato, Tomohiro] Kyoto Univ, RISH, Uji, Kyoto, Japan. [Ishisaka, Keigo] Toyama Prefectural Univ, Imizu, Toyama, Japan. [Yokoyama, Tatsuhiro; Tsugawa, Takuya; Nishioka, Michi] Natl Inst Informat & Communicat Technol NICT, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan. [Iwagami, Naomoto] Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Takahashi, Takao; Tanaka, Makoto] Tokai Univ, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 25912, Japan. [Endo, Ken; Kumamoto, Atsushi] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Watanabe, Shigeto] Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Yamamoto, Masa-yuki] Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi, Japan. [Abe, Takumi] JAXA Inst Space & Aeronaut Sci ISAS, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [Saito, Susumu] ENRI, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. [Bernhardt, Paul] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Larsen, Miguel] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC USA. RP Yamamoto, M (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, RISH, Uji, Kyoto, Japan. EM yamamoto@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5225-3 PY 2014 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE0QU UT WOS:000366628703104 ER PT S AU Choi, SG Katz, J Malozemoff, AJ Zikas, V AF Choi, Seung Geol Katz, Jonathan Malozemoff, Alex J. Zikas, Vassilis BE Garay, JA Gennaro, R TI Efficient Three-Party Computation from Cut-and-Choose SO ADVANCES IN CRYPTOLOGY - CRYPTO 2014, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual International Cryptology Conference (CRYPTO) CY AUG 17-21, 2014 CL Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA SP Int Assoc Cryptol Res, Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Comp Sci Dept HO Univ Calif Santa Barbara ID SECURE MULTIPARTY COMPUTATION; 2-PARTY COMPUTATION; MALICIOUS ADVERSARIES; PRIVACY AB With relatively few exceptions, the literature on efficient (practical) secure computation has focused on secure two-party computation (2PC). It is, in general, unclear whether the techniques used to construct practical 2PC protocols-in particular, the cut-and-choose approach-can be adapted to the multi-party setting. In this work we explore the possibility of using cut-and-choose for practical secure three-party computation. The three-party case has been studied in prior work in the semi-honest setting, and is motivated by the observation that real-world deployments of multi-party computation are likely to involve few parties. We propose a constant-round protocol for three-party computation tolerating any number of malicious parties, whose computational cost is only a small constant worse than that of state-of-the-art two-party protocols. C1 [Choi, Seung Geol] US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Katz, Jonathan; Malozemoff, Alex J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zikas, Vassilis] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Choi, Seung Geol; Zikas, Vassilis] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zikas, Vassilis] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Choi, SG (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM choi@usna.edu; jkatz@cs.umd.edu; amaloz@cs.umd.edu; vzikas@inf.ethz.ch NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-662-44381-1; 978-3-662-44380-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8617 BP 513 EP 530 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3XE UT WOS:000371335000029 ER PT S AU Lucas, JW Huey, WS Posard, MN Lovaglia, MJ AF Lucas, Jeffrey W. Huey, Wesley S. Posard, Marek N. Lovaglia, Michael J. BE Thye, SR Lawler, EJ TI PERCEPTIONS OF ABILITY AND ADHERENCE TO RULES, GUIDELINES, AND TRADITION SO ADVANCES IN GROUP PROCESSES SE Advances in Group Processes LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Group processes; status; performance expectations; rules ID COLLECTIVE ACTION; TASK GROUPS; PARTICIPATION; GENDER; LEGITIMATION; EXCHANGE; MODELS; POWER; JOB AB Purpose - This chapter develops and tests a theory on relationships between perceptions of ability and adherence to rules, guidelines, and tradition. Drawing from theory and research on status processes in groups, the theory proposes that adherence to rules can provide an alternative to task ability in demonstrating competence at a group task and that persons who perceive themselves to be low in ability will become especially likely to strictly adhere to rules. Methodology/approach - In an experimental study, participants received feedback that they had high or low ability at a group task that involved making judgments about bonuses in a fictitious organization. Findings - Supporting the theory, participants who perceived themselves to be low in ability gave less money to employees technically ineligible for raises, even when the reason for the ineligibility was arguably trivial. Research limitations/implications - The proposed theory and supportive results have a number of theoretical implications for how status processes shape individual behavior in groups. For example, the theory might help explain collective enforcement against free riding, with people low in ability being motivated to enforce norms against free riding to compensate for their perceived lack of ability to contribute. Practical/social implications - It is easy to conjure examples in which persons who are seen as exceptionally competent also seem to be given wide leniency in adhering to rules. The theory and experimental test presented here can help in understanding the extent to which the following of rules may be seen as the domain of the incompetent. C1 [Lucas, Jeffrey W.; Posard, Marek N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Huey, Wesley S.] US Naval Acad, Div Leadership Educ & Dev, Annapolis, MD USA. [Lovaglia, Michael J.] Univ Iowa, Dept Sociol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Lucas, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0882-6145 BN 978-1-78441-077-3; 978-1-78441-078-0 J9 ADV GROUP PROCESS PY 2014 VL 31 BP 219 EP 240 DI 10.1108/S0882-614520140000031004 D2 10.1108/S0882-6145201431 PG 22 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA BE6LE UT WOS:000374302800008 ER PT J AU Lee, RL Sicignano, N Straw, L AF Lee, R. L. Sicignano, N. Straw, L. TI Identification Of Asthma Patients Using U.s. Military Administrative Data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, R. L.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Sicignano, N.] HealthResearchTX, Trevose, PA USA. [Straw, L.] Navy & Marine Corps Publich Hlth Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. EM rees.lee@med.navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2014 VL 189 MA A1375 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V45TF UT WOS:000209838200364 ER PT S AU Binz, CR Healy, LM AF Binz, Christopher R. Healy, Liam M. BE Broschart, SB Turner, JD Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI UNCERTAINTY CHARACTERIZATION FOR ANGLES-ONLY INITIAL ORBIT DETERMINATION SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2013, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-15, 2013 CL Hilton Head, SC SP AAS, AIAA AB When no information is known about a satellite's orbit, an initial orbit determination method must be used. Traditionally, this yields only a point solution, with no uncertainty information. This paper proposes that probabilistic information may be derived directly from the initial orbit solution, given measurement error characteristics. This information may be especially useful when observations of the object are very sparse, and any additional information is valuable. In this paper, we examine Gauss's angles-only method. Assuming the noise characteristics of the sensor are known, we estimate an empirical probability density function yielded by combining the required three measurements. C1 [Binz, Christopher R.; Healy, Liam M.] Naval Res Lab, Math & Orbit Dynam Sect, Code 8233,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Binz, CR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Math & Orbit Dynam Sect, Code 8233,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-605-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2014 VL 150 BP 1777 EP 1792 PN I-III PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9EE UT WOS:000377326600103 ER PT S AU Healy, L Binz, C AF Healy, Liam Binz, Christopher BE Broschart, SB Turner, JD Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI BAYESIAN INFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL DISTRIBUTIONS FROM AN INTERFEROMETER SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2013, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-15, 2013 CL Hilton Head, SC SP AAS, AIAA AB In a radio-frequency interferometer, modeling phase difference (timing) uncertainty with a normal distribution, the posterior probability density function of the direction is multimodal. We treat the probability density function of the direction cosine as a discrete set of disconnected segments, and investigate with a large number of simulated observations, the Multiple Mode Combinatorial Hypothesis Least Squares (MMCHLS) technique introduced in a previous paper. By including the chi(2) probability of the least squares fit through the modes with the probabilities of the individual modes, we can compute a probability weight of each combination of modes. We compare the technique with a single-mode (traditional) least squares, and show that it produces much better results than the traditional technique. The effectiveness of threshold choice on mode separation and results from MMCHLS is addressed, and the possibility of baseline length selection to optimize the results raised. C1 [Healy, Liam; Binz, Christopher] Naval Res Lab, Code 8233, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Healy, L (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 8233, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-605-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2014 VL 150 BP 1873 EP 1884 PN I-III PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9EE UT WOS:000377326600109 ER PT S AU Chesi, S Gong, Q Romano, M AF Chesi, Simone Gong, Qi Romano, Marcello BE Broschart, SB Turner, JD Howell, KC Hoots, FR TI SATELLITE ATTITUDE CONTROL BY CENTER-OF-MASS SHIFTING SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2013, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 11-15, 2013 CL Hilton Head, SC SP AAS, AIAA ID MAGNETIC ACTUATORS AB This paper introduces a novel control technique that uses active variation of the aerodynamic torque through center of mass shifting, together with reaction wheels and magnetic torquers. The variation of the center of mass position is obtained by moving three shifting masses, which causes variation of the distances between the spacecraft's center of mass and the center of pressures of the spacecraft external surfaces. Therefore, the total aerodynamic torque acting on the satellite changes in both magnitude and direction. The main limitation of this method is related to the impossibility of generate a torque around the direction of the velocity vector. In this paper, we demonstrate how to use the shifting masses as actuators so that the aerodynamic disturbance torque can be utilized for attitude control purposes. Two control methods are introduced: one using aerodynamic torque and one reaction wheel, and the other using aerodynamic torque, and three magnetic torquers. Notably, the second method allows to compensate the well known residual oscillation error related to the use of magnetic control for spacecraft three-axes stabilization. The control authority of such system is proportional to the value of the external disturbance force acting on the satellite. For this reason, the proposed method is more efficient in an environment with high disturbance torques such as low Earth orbits. Furthermore, this method is based on adaptive nonlinear feedback control, where the system stability has been analyzed through the Lyapunov stability theory. C1 [Chesi, Simone; Gong, Qi] UC Santa Cruz, AMS Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Romano, Marcello] Naval Postgrad Sch, MAE Dept, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Chesi, S (reprint author), UC Santa Cruz, AMS Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM schesi@soe.ucsc.edu; qigong@soe.ucsc.edu; mromano@nps.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-605-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2014 VL 150 BP 2575 EP 2594 PN I-III PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE9EE UT WOS:000377326600152 ER PT S AU Wagner, K Doroslovacki, MI AF Wagner, Kevin Doroslovacki, Milos I. BE Matthews, MB TI Performance of Proportionate-type NLMS Algorithm with Gain Allocation Proportional to the Mean Square Weight Deviation SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2014 FORTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48h Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 2014 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Adaptive filtering; convergence; least mean square algorithms AB The complex colored water-filling algorithm for gain allocation has been shown to provide improved mean square error convergence performance, relative to standard complex proportionate-type normalized least mean square algorithms. This algorithm requires sorting operations and matrix multiplication on the order of the size of the impulse response at each iteration. In this paper, the mean square weight deviation and two suboptimal gain allocation algorithms are presented. They are motivated by similar algorithms introduced before for real-valued signals and systems. The presented algorithms no longer require sorting. It is shown that they provide significant computational complexity savings while maintaining comparable mean square error convergence performance. The algorithms are also investigated in the case of unknown input correlation matrix and speech input signals. C1 [Wagner, Kevin] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Doroslovacki, Milos I.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Wagner, K (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-8297-4 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2014 BP 886 EP 890 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3MK UT WOS:000370964900159 ER PT S AU Abramovich, YI Frazer, GJ San Antonio, G Johnson, BA AF Abramovich, Yuri I. Frazer, Gordon J. San Antonio, Geoffrey Johnson, Ben A. BE Matthews, MB TI Bi-Static MIMO Radar Operations for Range-Folded Clutter Mitigation SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2014 FORTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48h Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 2014 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE HF OTHR; MIMO radar; range-folded clutter; multistatics AB This paper considers the problem of range-folded spread clutter mitigation in parallax (geographically remote) transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) high-frequency (HF) over-the-horizon radar (OTHR). We demonstrate that MIMO radar technology could be applied to provide the required level of spread range-folded clutter. C1 [Abramovich, Yuri I.] WR Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Frazer, Gordon J.] DSTO, NSI Div, Edinburgh, SA, Australia. [San Antonio, Geoffrey] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Johnson, Ben A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Abramovich, YI (reprint author), WR Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-8297-4 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2014 BP 1145 EP 1149 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3MK UT WOS:000370964900207 ER PT S AU Nieh, JY Romero, RA AF Nieh, Jo-Yen Romero, Ric A. BE Matthews, MB TI Adaptive Waveform for Integrated Detection and Identification of Moving Extended Target SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2014 FORTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48h Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 2014 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE waveform design; range resolution; ambiguity function; eigenwaveform; cognitive radar ID DESIGN AB We propose an improvement to the maximum a posteriori probability weighted eigenwaveform (MAP-PWE) adaptive waveform design used in target recognition with a cognitive radar platform for which we call match-filtered PWE (MF-PWE). Our interest however is to include moving targets in the identification problem. Combining range-Doppler map (RDM) technique with the the PWE-based adaptive waveform techniques, we propose an integrated detection and identification scheme for moving extended targets. Target detection performance comparison between wideband, MAP-PWE, and MF-PWE techniques are shown. It is noted the MF-PWE performs better than the wideband and MAP-PWE. C1 [Nieh, Jo-Yen; Romero, Ric A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Nieh, JY (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. EM jnieh@nps.edu; rnromero@nps.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-8297-4 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2014 BP 1473 EP 1478 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3MK UT WOS:000370964900265 ER PT S AU Vouras, P AF Vouras, Peter BE Matthews, MB TI Multirate Processing Using Nested Sampling SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2014 FORTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48h Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 2014 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB This paper describes the multirate processing of random signals sampled on nested intervals. Nested sampling intervals consist of nonuniformly spaced samples formed by concatenating two or more smaller intervals each with uniform sampling. By filtering a vectorized version of the signal power spectral density matrix, the input-output behavior of conventional filter banks can be replicated. This type of processing is especially useful in multifunction radars that must perform multiple tasks simultaneously but lack the capability to form multiple beams on receive. By performing Doppler processing for a given mainbeam pointing direction using only a sparse subset of uniformly transmitted pulses, the radar is able to point the mainbeam in other directions and execute different tasks in a time-multiplexed fashion. Simulated examples are presented which describe the application of the proposed technique. C1 [Vouras, Peter] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vouras, P (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-8297-4 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2014 BP 1489 EP 1493 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3MK UT WOS:000370964900268 ER PT S AU Ma, A Flenner, A Needell, D Percus, AG AF Ma, Anna Flenner, Arjuna Needell, Deanna Percus, Allon G. BE Matthews, MB TI Improving Image Clustering using Sparse Text and the Wisdom of the Crowds SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2014 FORTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48h Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 2014 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB We propose a method to improve image clustering using sparse text and the wisdom of the crowds. In particular, we present a method to fuse two different kinds of document features, image and text features, and use a common dictionary or "wisdom of the crowds" as the connection between the two different kinds of documents. With the proposed fusion matrix, we use topic modeling via non-negative matrix factorization to cluster documents. C1 [Ma, Anna; Percus, Allon G.] Claremont Grad Univ, Inst Math Sci, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Flenner, Arjuna] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Phys & Computat Sci, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Needell, Deanna] Claremont Mckenna Coll, Dept Math Sci, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Ma, A (reprint author), Claremont Grad Univ, Inst Math Sci, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM anna.ma@cgu.edu; arjuna.flenner@navy.mil; dneedell@cmc.edu; allon.percus@cgu.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-8297-4 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2014 BP 1555 EP 1557 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3MK UT WOS:000370964900281 ER PT S AU Sen Gupta, A Schupp, DR Kirsteins, I AF Sen Gupta, Ananya Schupp, Daniel R. Kirsteins, Ivars BE Matthews, MB TI Dynamic Target Identification and Classification Based on Resonance Topography Grouping SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2014 FORTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48h Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 2014 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE acoustic scatter; sonar target detection; time-frequency localization; resonance; pattern recognition AB We address the long-standing challenge of sonar target identification against weak ground truths and interfering scatter components by harnessing robust topographic elements of target resonance profiles. Our goal is to achieve unknown target discovery when supervised learning is not practical due to ground truth uncertainties. Specifically, we examine topographic manifolds to localize resonance components, and thus discover target sub-signatures that may be combined wholly or partially to enable robust classification. Numerical results as well as field data-driven evidence are presented. C1 [Sen Gupta, Ananya; Schupp, Daniel R.] Univ Iowa, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kirsteins, Ivars] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Sen Gupta, A (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ananya-sengupta@uiowa.edu; daniel-schupp@uiowa.edu; ivars.kirsteins@navy.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-8297-4 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2014 BP 1905 EP 1908 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3MK UT WOS:000370964900344 ER PT S AU Parker, T Johnson, J Tummala, M McEachen, J Scrofani, J AF Parker, Thomas Johnson, Jamie Tummala, Murali McEachen, John Scrofani, James BE Matthews, MB TI Identifying Congestion in Software-Defined Networks Using Spectral Graph Theory SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2014 FORTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48h Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 2014 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Graph theory; software-defined network; Laplacian matrix; graph partitioning; algebraic connectivity AB Software-defined networks (SDN) are an emerging technology that offers to simplify networking devices by centralizing the network layer functions and allowing adaptively programmable traffic flows. We propose using spectral graph theory methods to identify and locate congestion in a network. The analysis of the balanced traffic case yields an efficient solution for congestion identification. The unbalanced case demonstrates a distinct drop in connectivity that can be used to determine the onset of congestion. The eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix are used to locate the congestion and achieve effective graph partitioning. C1 [Parker, Thomas; Johnson, Jamie; Tummala, Murali; McEachen, John; Scrofani, James] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. RP Parker, T; Johnson, J; Tummala, M; McEachen, J; Scrofani, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. EM tcparke1@nps.edu; jljohns2@nps.edu; mtummala@nps.edu; mceachen@nps.edu; jwscrofa@nps.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4799-8297-4 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2014 BP 2010 EP 2014 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3MK UT WOS:000370964900363 ER PT B AU Abels, R AF Abels, Richard BE John, S Morton, N TI Cultural Representations of Warfare in the High Middle Ages: The Morgan Picture Bible SO CRUSADING AND WARFARE IN THE MIDDLE AGES: REALITIES AND REPRESENTATIONS: ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF JOHN FRANCE SE Crusades-Subsidia LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Abels, Richard] US Naval Acad, Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Abels, R (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-6104-3; 978-1-4094-6103-6 J9 CRUSADE-SUBSID PY 2014 VL 7 BP 13 EP 35 PG 23 WC History SC History GA BE4UY UT WOS:000372161100003 ER PT S AU Rowe, NC AF Rowe, Neil C. BE Gladyshev, P Marrington, A Baggili, I TI Identifying Forensically Uninteresting Files Using a Large Corpus SO Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime, (ICDF2C 2013) SE Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual International ICST Conference on Digital Forensics and Cybercrime (ICDF2C) CY SEP 26-27, 2013 CL Moscow, RUSSIA SP ICST, InfoSecurity Russia, CREATE NET DE Digital forensics; Metadata; Files; Corpus; Data reduction; Hashes; Triage; Whitelists; Classification ID SOFTWARE-REFERENCE-LIBRARY AB For digital forensics, eliminating the uninteresting is often more critical than finding the interesting. We define "uninteresting" as containing no useful information about users of a drive, a definition which applies to most criminal investigations. Matching file hash values to those in published hash sets is the standard method, but these sets have limited coverage. This work compared nine automated methods of finding additional uninteresting files: (1) frequent hash values, (2) frequent paths, (3) frequent filename-directory pairs, (4) unusually busy times for a drive, (5) unusually busy weeks for a corpus, (6) unusually frequent file sizes, (7) membership in directories containing mostly-known files, (8) known uninteresting directories, and (9) uninteresting extensions. Tests were run on an international corpus of 83.8 million files, and after removing the 25.1 % of files with hash values in the National Software Reference Library, an additional 54.7 % were eliminated that matched two of our nine criteria, few of whose hash values were in two commercial hash sets. False negatives were estimated at 0.1 % and false positives at 19.0 %. We confirmed the generality of our methods by showing a good correlation between results obtained separately on two halves of our corpus. This work provides two kinds of results: 8.4 million hash values of uninteresting files in our own corpus, and programs for finding uninteresting files on new corpora. C1 [Rowe, Neil C.] US Naval Postgrad Sch, CS Rp, GE-328,1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), US Naval Postgrad Sch, CS Rp, GE-328,1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ncrowe@nps.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1867-8211 BN 978-3-319-14289-0; 978-3-319-14288-3 J9 L N INST COMP SCI SO PY 2014 VL 132 BP 86 EP 101 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-14289-0_7 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Criminology & Penology; Information Science & Library Science; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Criminology & Penology; Information Science & Library Science; Telecommunications GA BG8XY UT WOS:000392801900007 ER PT S AU Apker, T Martinson, E AF Apker, Thomas Martinson, Eric BE Hsieh, MA Chirikjian, G TI A Physics Inspired Finite State Machine Controller for Mobile Acoustic Arrays SO DISTRIBUTED AUTONOMOUS ROBOTIC SYSTEMS SE Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems (DARS) CY NOV, 2012 CL Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD HO Johns Hopkins Univ AB Applying coherent array processing to sound source localization when individual sensors are attached to heterogeneous platforms is a multi-faceted challenge for both perception and mobility. Recent technical advances in robot localization have made such mobile acoustic arrays possible, but the multi-robot coordination problem remains incomplete. How can a team of robots coordinate in cluttered environments, both with each other and static mounted sensors to effectively localize sound sources? This work proposes and implements a physicomimetics based robot control system with solid, liquid, and gas phase finite states. Applying these different phases appropriately enables efficient navigation through clutter and localization of both exposed and buried or hidden sound sources by teams of mobile robots. C1 [Apker, Thomas; Martinson, Eric] Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Apker, T (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.apker.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; eric.martinson.ctr@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1610-7438 BN 978-3-642-55146-8; 978-3-642-55145-1 J9 SPRINGER TRAC ADV RO PY 2014 VL 104 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-55146-8_4 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BE7SX UT WOS:000375850800004 ER PT J AU Legler, PM Boisvert, SM Compton, JR Millard, CB AF Legler, Patricia M. Boisvert, Susanne M. Compton, Jaimee R. Millard, Charles B. TI Development of organophosphate hydrolase activity in a bacterial homolog of human cholinesterase SO FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE organophosphate; cholinesterase; directed evolution; catalytic bioscavenger; nerve agent; hysteresis AB We applied a combination of rational design and directed evolution (DE) to Bacillus subtilis p-nitrobenzyl esterase (pNBE) with the goal of enhancing organophosphorus acid anhydride hydrolase (OPAAH) activity. DE started with a designed variant, pNBE A107H, carrying a histidine homologous with human butyrylcholinesterase G117H to find complementary mutations that further enhance its OPAAH activity. Five sites were selected (G105, G106, A107, A190, and A400) within a 6.7A radius of the nucleophilic serine Oy. All 95 variants were screened for esterase activity with a set of five substrates: pNP-acetate, pNP-butyrate, acetylthiocholine, butyrylthiocholine, or benzoylthiocholine. A microscale assay for OPAAH activity was developed for screening DE libraries. Reductions in esterase activity were generally concomitant with enhancements in OPAAH activity. One variant, A107K, showed an unexpected 7-fold increase in its k(cat)/K-m for benzoylthiocholine, demonstrating that it is also possible to enhance the cholinesterase activity of pNBE. Moreover, DE resulted in at least three variants with modestly enhanced OPAAH activity compared to wild type pNBE. A107H/A190C showed a 50-fold increase in paraoxonase activity and underwent a slow time- and temperature-dependent change affecting the hydrolysis of OPAA and ester substrates. Structural analysis suggests that pNBE may represent a precursor leading to human cholinesterase and carboxylesterase 1 through extension of two vestigial specificity loops; a preliminary attempt to transfer the S-2 loop of BChE into pNBE is described. Unlike butyrylcholinesterase and pNBE, introducing a G143H mutation (equivalent to G117H) did not confer detectable OP hydrolase activity on human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1). We discuss the use of pNBE as a surrogate scaffold for the mammalian esterases, and the importance of the oxyanion-hole residues for enhancing the OPAAH activity of selected serine hydrolases. C1 [Legler, Patricia M.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Boisvert, Susanne M.] Texas State Univ, Dept Chem, San Marcos, TX USA. [Compton, Jaimee R.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. [Millard, Charles B.] US Army Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Legler, PM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM patricia.legler@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency JSTO award [1.D0006_08_WR_C] FX We thank SSG Derrick Robinson for assistance with steady state kinetic assays and Dr. Michael S. Lee for helpful discussions. Dr. Phillip Potter of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital kindly provided us with the clone for WT pNBE. This work was funded by the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency JSTO award 1.D0006_08_WR_C (Charles B. Millard). The opinions or assertions contained herein belong to the authors and are not necessarily the official views of the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, or the U.S. Department of Defense. NR 81 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 8 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND EI 2296-2646 J9 FRONT CHEM JI Front. Chem. PY 2014 VL 2 AR UNSP 46 DI 10.3389/fchem.2014.00046 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V43JV UT WOS:000209678600049 PM 25077141 ER PT J AU Soto, CM AF Soto, Carissa M. TI Protein engineering and other bio-synthetic routes for bio-based materials: current uses and potential applications SO FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material DE hydrogels; biocatalysis; human cholinesterase; bacterial collagen; biomass degradation C1 [Soto, Carissa M.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Soto, CM (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA. EM carissa.soto@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND EI 2296-2646 J9 FRONT CHEM JI Front. Chem. PY 2014 VL 2 AR 83 DI 10.3389/fchem.2014.00083 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V43JV UT WOS:000209678600086 PM 25353016 ER PT S AU Karpenko, M Kang, W Proulx, RJ Ross, IM AF Karpenko, Mark Kang, Wei Proulx, Ronald J. Ross, I. Michael BE May, AJ TI PRECISION POINTING FOR A SKEWED 2-REACTION WHEEL CONTROL SYSTEM SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2014 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Section Guidance and Control Conference CY JAN 31-FEB 05, 2014 CL Rocky Mt Sect, Breckenridge, CO HO Rocky Mt Sect ID SPACECRAFT; FEEDBACK; FLIGHT AB This paper address the pointing stability of a Kepler-like spacecraft when only two skewed torquers are available to control the vehicle. Conventional wisdom, corroborated by Kalman's theory on linear controllability, suggests that the failed spacecraft is not controllable. Starting with the contrarian view that it may be possible to exploit the nonlinearities and stabilize the failed spacecraft, we propose an approach for assessing the theoretically possible pointing accuracy of the failed system. A key element in this process is the formulation of an infinite-horizon nonlinear optimal control problem. Using pseudospectral (PS) theory and data for the failed Kepler spacecraft, we show that the system can indeed be stabilized around the origin. Motivated by this result, we then design a Lyapunov function to derive a feedback controller as a surrogate for the optimal PS controller. This proxy controller, while not optimal, is implementable on Kepler as the onboard computational requirements are reduced to the computation of two polynomials. We also show that the penalty for the reducing the computational requirement is a potential reduction in performance. C1 [Karpenko, Mark; Proulx, Ronald J.; Ross, I. Michael] Naval Postgrad Sch, Control & Optimizat Labs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kang, Wei] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Karpenko, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Control & Optimizat Labs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mkarpenk@nps.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-609-8 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2014 VL 151 BP 627 EP 639 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE4FS UT WOS:000371654300046 ER PT S AU Ferrese, F Dong, Q Biswas, S Batcho, J AF Ferrese, Frank Dong, Qing Biswas, Saroj Batcho, Jason GP IEEE TI Decentralized Control of Coupled Nonlinear Dynamic Systems with Application to Quadruple-Tank Process SO IECON 2014 - 40TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY SE IEEE Industrial Electronics Society LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE-Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON) CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Ind Elect Soc DE Quadruple-Tank process; decentralized system; optimal control; fluid-flow control; parameter optimization ID LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS; INTERCONNECTED SYSTEMS; FEEDBACK; TRACKING AB This paper presents a novel method of control system design for nonlinear interconnected large-scale systems. Conventional control design techniques often involve linearization of the system model with respect to an operating state, which may lead to incorrect control performance for systems that are highly nonlinear and interconnected. In this paper, a decentralized control design consisting of a PI controller with constant feedback gains is considered. Then a nonlinear optimal control method based on integral minimum principle of Pontryagin is developed. In this method, the controller performance is defined using a standard quadratic cost function, and the control law is defined using the PI structure with constant feedback gain. The effectiveness of the developed control scheme shows that the controller is capable of maintaining the desired water level in the four tanks. C1 [Ferrese, Frank; Dong, Qing; Batcho, Jason] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. [Biswas, Saroj] Temple Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Ferrese, F (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. EM frank.ferrese@navy.mil; qing.dong@navy.mil; sbiswas@temple.edu; jason.batcho@navy.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1553-572X BN 978-1-4799-4032-5 J9 IEEE IND ELEC PY 2014 BP 3657 EP 3661 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BG5FY UT WOS:000389471603072 ER PT J AU Romero, RA Rios, A Ha, TT AF Romero, Ric A. Rios, Alexander Ha, Tri T. TI Signals of Interest Recovery With Multiple Receivers Using Reference-Based Successive Interference Cancellation for Signal Collection Applications SO IEEE ACCESS LA English DT Article DE Amplitude estimation; COMINT; ELINT; LSE; QPSK; signal collection; RSIC; SIGINT; SoI AB In this paper, we introduce a novel but intuitive scheme to recover multiple signals of interest (SoI) from multiple emitters in signal collection applications such as signal intelligence, electronic intelligence, and communications intelligence. We consider a case where the SoIs form a heavy interference environment. The scheme, which is referred to as reference-based successive interference cancellation (RSIC), involves a combination of strategic receiver placement and signal processing techniques. The scheme works by placing a network of cooperative receivers where each receiver catches its own SoI (despite multiple interferences). The first receiver demodulates the initial SoI (called a reference signal) and forwards it to the second receiver. The second receiver collects a received signal containing the second SoI but is interfered with by the initial SoI, which is a problem called co-channel interference in cellular communications. Unfortunately, the amplitude scaling of the interference is unknown in the second receiver and therefore has to be estimated via least squares error. It turns out that the estimation requires a priori knowledge of the second SoI, which is the very signal it tries to demodulate, thereby yielding a Catch-22 problem. We propose using an initial guess on the second SoI to form an amplitude estimate such that the interference is subtracted (cancelled) from the collected measurement at the second receiver. The procedure is applied to a third receiver (or multiple receivers) until the last of the desired SoI is separated from all of the co-channel interferences. The RSIC scheme performs well. Using quaternary phase shift keying as example modulation, we present major symbol error rate (SER) performance improvements with the use of RSIC over the highly degraded SER of receivers that are heavily interfered and do not employ any cancellation technique. C1 [Romero, Ric A.; Rios, Alexander; Ha, Tri T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Romero, RA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rnromero@nps.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2169-3536 J9 IEEE ACCESS JI IEEE Access PY 2014 VL 2 BP 725 EP 756 DI 10.1109/ACCESS.2014.2340874 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA V43AH UT WOS:000209653800050 ER PT J AU Sun, K Kang, W AF Sun, Kai Kang, Wei TI Observability and Estimation Methods Using Synchrophasor SO IFAC PAPERSONLINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th World Congress of the International-Federation-of-Automatic-Control (IFAC) CY AUG 24-29, 2014 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Federat Automat Control AB Intermittent generations such as large-scale renewable energy increases the risk of instability in a power grid. In this paper, we introduce the concept of observability and its computational algorithms for power networks equipped with synchrophasors. The goal is to estimate the angles and its derivatives around unstable trajectories, the information that is critical for the detection of power network instabilities. The algorithm is developed to determine the number and the siting of synchrophasors in a power network so that the state of the system can be accurately estimated in the presence of instability. An unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is adopted as a tool to estimate the states that are not directly measured by synchrophasors. The theory and its computational algorithms are illustrated by using a 9-bus model with three generators. C1 [Sun, Kai] Univ Tennessee, Dept EECS, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kang, Wei] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sun, K (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept EECS, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM kaisun@utk.edu; wkang@nps.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2405-8963 J9 IFAC PAPERSONLINE JI IFAC PAPERSONLINE PY 2014 VL 47 IS 3 BP 963 EP 968 PG 6 GA EG5TL UT WOS:000391107100157 ER PT J AU Camacho, N Dobrokhodov, VN Jones, KD AF Camacho, Nahum Dobrokhodov, Vladimir N. Jones, Kevin D. TI Cooperative Autonomy of Multiple Solar-Powered Thermaling Gliders SO IFAC PAPERSONLINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th World Congress of the International-Federation-of-Automatic-Control (IFAC) CY AUG 24-29, 2014 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Federat Automat Control DE cooperative control; solar energy; convective lift; autonomous soaring; UAV AB This paper presents a review of the multidisciplinary approach to the design of a fleet of cooperative gliders capable of extended endurance operation. The flock of autonomous gliders is able to harvest energy from the environment, both through photo-voltaic energy generation and through exploitation of natural convective lift in the surrounding air, and act cooperatively to meet mission requirements and to share knowledge of the local environment. The paper begins with a brief overview of the total-energy approach required for such a feat, along with a short description of key system components and the principal technologies. This is followed by details of the evolution of a previously-developed architecture that supported autonomous thermaling, to an architecture that considers the total-energy budget in all flight segments, and utilizes the cooperative flight to maximize the cumulative energy capture while simultaneously meeting mission objectives. C1 [Camacho, Nahum; Jones, Kevin D.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Camacho, N (reprint author), US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ncamacho@nps.edu; vndobrok@nps.edu; kdjones@nps.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2405-8963 J9 IFAC PAPERSONLINE JI IFAC PAPERSONLINE PY 2014 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1222 EP 1227 PG 6 GA EG5TL UT WOS:000391107100198 ER PT J AU Walton, CL Gong, Q Kaminer, I Royset, JO AF Walton, Claire L. Gong, Qi Kaminer, Isaac Royset, Johannes O. TI Optimal Motion Planning for Searching for Uncertain Targets SO IFAC PAPERSONLINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th World Congress of the International-Federation-of-Automatic-Control (IFAC) CY AUG 24-29, 2014 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Federat Automat Control DE trajectory planning; autonomous vehicles; nonlinear control; numerical methods ID CHANNEL AB This paper explores the potential for applying newly available numerical methods in optimal control to solve motion planning problems created by the search for targets with motion uncertainty characterized by constant but unknown parameters. These recent developments enable the efficient computation of numerical solutions for search problems with multiple searchers, nonlinear dynamics, and a broad class of objectives. We demonstrate the efficacy of these methods through implementing a multi-agent optimal search problem. We then derive an expansion of the optimal search modeling framework which facilitates the consideration of multi-agent searching problems with more general strategic objectives and utilize this expanded framework to implement an example combat defense scenario. C1 [Walton, Claire L.; Gong, Qi] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kaminer, Isaac; Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Walton, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cwalton@soe.ucsu.edu; qigong@soe.ucsu.edu; kaminer@nps.edu; joroyset@nps.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2405-8963 J9 IFAC PAPERSONLINE JI IFAC PAPERSONLINE PY 2014 VL 47 IS 3 BP 8977 EP 8982 PG 6 GA EG5TT UT WOS:000391108000480 ER PT J AU Sharon, JA Hattar, K Boyce, BL Brewer, LN AF Sharon, J. A. Hattar, K. Boyce, B. L. Brewer, L. N. TI Compressive Properties of < 110 > Cu Micro-Pillars after High-Dose Self-Ion Irradiation SO MATERIALS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Micro-Pillar Compression; Copper; Radiation Damage; Mechanical Properties AB Single-crystal Cu micro-pillars were self-ion irradiated up to 190 displacements per atom, a level commensurate with damage expected after long exposure in a reactor environment. Compression experiments performed along the < 110 > to 10% strain were compared against un-irradiated Cu. Two specimen configurations were explored: large 10 mu m tall and small 4 mu m tall pillars. Compared to un-irradiated Cu, the small irradiated pillars exhibited a flow stress increase of more than 500 MPa and were able to attain peak stresses approaching 1 GPa. These results are discussed in the context of an end of range effect, a damage gradient effect, and size effects. C1 [Sharon, J. A.; Hattar, K.; Boyce, B. L.; Brewer, L. N.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Brewer, L. N.] Naval Postgrad Sch, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hattar, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM khattar@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility by Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Sandia National Laboratories [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank M. Rye, G. Bryant, and B. Mckenzie for assistance with specimen fabrication and imaging as well as D. Buller and S. Van Deusen for assistance with the irradiation. LNB was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program, whereas BLB, JAS, and KH were supported primarily by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Material charactzaiton was, in part, supproted by the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Los Alamos National Laboratory (Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396) and Sandia National Laboratories (Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory owned and operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2166-3831 J9 MATER RES LETT JI Mater. Res. Lett. PY 2014 VL 2 IS 2 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1080/21663831.2013.859179 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V44SD UT WOS:000209767800001 ER PT J AU Enoka, MD Craparo, EM AF Enoka, Maro D. Craparo, E. M. TI Optimizing Marine Security Guard Assignments SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The Marine Corps Embassy Security Group (MCESG) assigns 1,500 Marine Security Guards (MSGs) to 149 embassy detachments annually. MCESG attempts to balance MSG experience levels at each detachment and assign MSGs to their preferred posts while fulfilling several billet requirements. Historically, assignments have been made manually in a labor-intensive process requiring more than 6,000 person-hours per year. This article describes the Marine Security Guard Assignment Tool (MSGAT). MSGAT is an Excel-based decision support tool that utilizes a system of workbooks to guide MCESG through a streamlined data collection process and provide high-quality assignments. Assignments are optimized using a multicommodity network flow formulation. This article compares assignments generated by MSGAT to assignments generated manually by MCESG and demonstrates that MSGAT assignments are superior with regard to several measures of effectiveness. C1 [Enoka, Maro D.] US Marine Corps, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Craparo, E. M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Enoka, MD (reprint author), US Marine Corps, Philadelphia, PA USA. EM maro.enoka@usmc.mil; emcrapar@nps.edu FU Marine Corps Operations Analysis Division (OAD); Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This study was sponsored by the Marine Corps Operations Analysis Division (OAD) with additional support from the Office of Naval Research (ONR). The authors would like to thank the Marine Corps Embassy Security Group (MCESG) Assignments Section for their assistance. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2014 VL 19 IS 2 BP 5 EP 18 DI 10.5711/1082598319205 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA V43OA UT WOS:000209689500001 ER PT J AU Schramm, HC Alderson, DL Carlyle, WM Dimitrov, NB AF Schramm, Harrison C. Alderson, David L. Carlyle, W. Matthew Dimitrov, Nedialko B. TI A Game Theoretic Model of Strategic Conflict in Cyberspace SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB We study cyber conflict as a strictly competitive, two-person game in discrete time, where each player discovers new exploits according to an independent random process. Upon discovery, the player must decide if and when to exercise a munition based on that exploit. The payoff from using the munition is a function of time that is (generally) increasing. These factors create a basic tension: the longer a player waits to exercise a munition, the greater his payoff because the munition is more mature, but also the greater the chance that the opponent will also discover the exploit and nullify the munition. Assuming perfect knowledge and under mild restrictions on the time-dependent payoff function for a munition, we derive optimal exercise strategies and quantify the value of engaging in cyber conflict. Our analysis also leads to high-level insights on cyber conflict strategy. C1 [Schramm, Harrison C.; Alderson, David L.; Carlyle, W. Matthew; Dimitrov, Nedialko B.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Schramm, HC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM harrison.schramm@gmail.com FU Office of Naval Research FX Professors Alderson and Carlyle thank the Office of Naval Research for its support. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2014 VL 19 IS 1 BP 5 EP 17 DI 10.5711/1082598319105 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA V43NZ UT WOS:000209689400001 ER PT J AU Salmeron, J Appleget, J AF Salmeron, Javier Appleget, Jeff TI Reshaping the US Army: Brigade Combat Team Optimization SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This article describes the development of brigade combat team assignment optimization (BCTAO) model and its use by US Army Training and Doctrine Command Analysis Center (TRAC) analysts. The studies completed at TRAC helped US senior leaders make critical restructuring decisions, announced in 2013. BCTAO contributed by helping analysts to determine the ability of BCT mixes and designs to meet projected operational demands. It informed the Army's Force Modernization Review/Program Objective Memorandum 13-17, and Total Army Analysis 14-18, providing a critical component of the comprehensive analysis completed by TRAC. C1 [Salmeron, Javier; Appleget, Jeff] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Salmeron, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM jsalmero@nps.edu; jaappleg@nps.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2014 VL 19 IS 3 BP 51 EP + DI 10.5711/1082598319351 PG 16 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA V43OB UT WOS:000209689600004 ER PT S AU Osswald, S AF Osswald, Sebastian BE Williams, OA TI Nanodiamond Purification SO NANODIAMOND SE RSC Nanoscience and Nanotechnology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; DETONATION NANODIAMONDS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; DIAMOND; POWDERS; GRAPHITE; OZONE C1 [Osswald, Sebastian] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Osswald, S (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sosswald@nps.edu NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7136 BN 978-1-84973-761-6; 978-1-84973-639-8 J9 RSC NANOSCI NANOTECH PY 2014 IS 11 BP 89 EP 111 D2 10.1039/9781849737616 PG 23 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BG1UT UT WOS:000387108700005 ER PT B AU Wu, ST Wu, CC Liou, K Plunkett, S Dryer, M Fry, CD AF Wu, S. T. Wu, Chin-Chun Liou, Kan Plunkett, Simon Dryer, Murray Fry, C. D. BE Hu, Q Zank, GP TI Analyses of the Evolution and Interaction of Multiple Coronal Mass Ejections and Their Shocks in July 2012 SO OUTSTANDING PROBLEMS IN HELIOPHYSICS: FROM CORONAL HEATING TO THE EDGE OF THE HELIOSPHERE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY APR 14-19, 2013 CL Myrtle Beach, SC SP Univ Alabama Huntsville, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res ID WIND AB The Sun has become more active since 2010 after a long-lasting solar minimum (2007-2009) between Cycle 23 and 24. Many Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) have been detected by current orbiting instruments on-board SOHO/LASCO and STEREO-A and B. During the period of July 2012 three consecutive CMEs were observed on July 17 (similar to 13:54UT), July 18 (similar to 06:24UT) and July 19 (similar to 05:39UT) from three different source regions on the solar surface located at S23W61, N18W180 and S17W92. Their corresponding average speeds were 802, 713, and 1160 km s(-1), respectively. Multiple interplanetary (IP) shocks and CMEs arrived at the twin STEREO-A/B, SOHO/LASCO, ACE and WIND spacecraft where STEREO-A and STEREO-B were orbiting near 121 degrees West and 114 degrees East of the Sun-Earth line. The orbit of ACE and SOHO/LASCO were at L1 and WIND was near the Sun-Earth line. This unique line-up gave us opportunity to test the simulation of CMEs propagation and its induced IP shocks. Thus, we have used a well-developed global three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model (Wu et al. 2007a) to perform forward MHD modeling to investigate the evolution of these CMEs and IP shocks. Using simulation results together with observations we found that an IP shock driven by the July 18 CME arrived at S IEREO-B first, another IP shock driven by the July 19 CME arrived at STEREO-A, then the flank of an IP shock driven by the July 17 CME arrived at Earth. The observations from both coronal images and in-situ solar wind measurements are used to assess the reality of the IP shock arrival time from the simulation. C1 [Wu, S. T.] Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn MAE, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Wu, S. T.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Wu, Chin-Chun; Plunkett, Simon] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liou, Kan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Dryer, Murray] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Fry, C. D.] Explorat Phys Int, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Wu, ST (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn MAE, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RI Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-853-4; 978-1-58381-852-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2014 VL 484 BP 241 EP 247 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE6KY UT WOS:000374279900037 ER PT B AU Zank, GP Heerikhuisen, J Wood, BE Pogorelov, NV Zirnstein, E McComas, DJ AF Zank, G. P. Heerikhuisen, J. Wood, B. E. Pogorelov, N. V. Zirnstein, E. McComas, D. J. BE Hu, Q Zank, GP TI Heliospheric Structure: The Bow Wave and the Hydrogen Wall SO OUTSTANDING PROBLEMS IN HELIOPHYSICS: FROM CORONAL HEATING TO THE EDGE OF THE HELIOSPHERE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY APR 14-19, 2013 CL Myrtle Beach, SC SP Univ Alabama Huntsville, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SOLAR-WIND; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; 3-DIMENSIONAL FEATURES; ALPHA CENTAURI; MODEL; GAS; SHOCK; HELIOSHEATH AB IBEX observations indicate that the local interstellar flow speed is less than previously thought (23.2 km/s). Reasonable local interstellar medium (LISM) parameters show that the LISM flow may be either marginally super-fast magnetosonic or sub-fast magnetosonic. We address whether a LISM model that is barely superfast or sub-fast magnetosonic can account for Lyman-alpha absorption observations, and if the LISM flow transition is mediated by neutral hydrogen (H). We use three 3D self-consistently coupled MHD- kinetic H models with different LISM magnetic field strengths (2, 3, and 4 mu G) and plasma and neutral H number densities to investigate these questions. The 2 mu G model admits a broad bow shock-like structure, the 3 mu G model a very broad smooth super-fast-sub-fast transition resembling a bow wave, and the 4 mu G admits no bow shock. For both the 2 mu G and the 3 mu G models, the super-fast magnetosonic LISM flow passes through a critical point. Hot and fast neutral H can mediate a weak transition and impose a charge exchange length scale on the structure. The 3 mu G model of the solar wind-LISM interaction is effectively bow shock-free. We model the observed Lyman-alpha absorption profiles along four sightlines finding that both super-fast magnetosonic models can account for the Lyman-alpha observations, with possibly the bow shock-free 3 mu G model being slightly favored. C1 [Zank, G. P.; Heerikhuisen, J.; Pogorelov, N. V.; Zirnstein, E.] Univ Alabama, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Zank, G. P.; Heerikhuisen, J.; Pogorelov, N. V.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Wood, B. E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McComas, D. J.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [McComas, D. J.] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Zank, GP (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-853-4; 978-1-58381-852-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2014 VL 484 BP 255 EP 262 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE6KY UT WOS:000374279900039 ER PT J AU Breed, M Venter, C Harding, AK Johnson, TJ AF Breed, M. Venter, C. Harding, A. K. Johnson, T. J. BE Engelbrecht, C Karataglidis, S TI The effect of an offset-dipole magnetic field on the Vela pulsar's gamma-ray light curves SO PROCEEDINGS OF SAIP2014: THE 59TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Conference of the South-African-Institute-of-Physics (SAIP) CY JUL 07-11, 2014 CL Univ Johannesburg, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP South African Inst Phys HO Univ Johannesburg ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; MILLISECOND PULSARS; POLAR CAPS; SLOT GAPS; RADIATION; ACCELERATION; CASCADES AB Over the past six years, the Fermi Large Area Telescope has detected more than 150 gamma-ray pulsars, discovering a variety of light curve trends and classes. Such diversity hints at distinct underlying magnetospheric and/or emission geometries. We implemented an offset-dipole magnetic field, with an offset characterised by parameters epsilon and magnetic azimuthal angle, in an existing geometric pulsar modelling code which already includes static and retarded vacuum dipole fields. We use these different B-field solutions in conjunction with standard emission geometries, namely the two-pole caustic and outer gap models (the latter only for non-offset dipoles), and construct intensity maps and light curves for several pulsar parameters. We compare our model light curves to the Vela data from the second pulsar catalogue of Fermi. We use a refined chi-square grid search method for finding best-fit light curves for each of the different models. Our best fit is for the retarded vacuum dipole field and the outer gap model. C1 [Breed, M.; Venter, C.] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Harding, A. K.] NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Johnson, T. J.] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Johnson, T. J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Breed, M (reprint author), North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom Campus,Private Bag X6001, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. EM 20574266@nwu.ac.za NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH AFRICAN INST PHYSICS PI LYNNWOOD RIDGE PA POSTNET STE 165, PRIVATE BAG X025, LYNNWOOD RIDGE, 0040, SOUTH AFRICA BN 978-0-620-65391-6 PY 2014 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BE1GJ UT WOS:000367881700053 ER PT S AU Sanchez, SM AF Sanchez, Susan M. BE Tolk, A Yilmaz, L Diallo, SY Ryzhov, IO TI SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS: BETTER DATA, NOT JUST BIG DATA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2014 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2014 CL Savannah, GA ID SEQUENTIAL DESIGNS; EFFICIENT AB Data mining tools have been around for several decades, but the term "big data" has only recently captured widespread attention. Numerous success stories have been promulgated as organizations have sifted through massive volumes of data to find interesting patterns that are, in turn, transformed into actionable information. Yet a key drawback to the big data paradigm is that it relies on observational data-limiting the types of insights that can be gained. The simulation world is different. A "data farming" metaphor captures the notion of purposeful data generation from simulation models. Large-scale designed experiments let us grow the simulation output efficiently and effectively. We can explore massive input spaces, uncover interesting features of complex simulation response surfaces, and explicitly identify cause-and-effect relationships. With this new mindset, we can achieve quantum leaps in the breadth, depth, and timeliness of the insights yielded by simulation models. C1 [Sanchez, Susan M.] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sanchez, SM (reprint author), Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ssanchez@nps.edu NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4799-7486-3 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2014 BP 805 EP 816 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG4XP UT WOS:000389248201008 ER PT S AU Elmegreen, BG Sanchez, SM Szalay, AS AF Elmegreen, Bruce G. Sanchez, Susan M. Szalay, Alexander S. BE Tolk, A Yilmaz, L Diallo, SY Ryzhov, IO TI THE FUTURE OF COMPUTERIZED DECISION MAKING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2014 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2014 CL Savannah, GA AB Computerized decision making is becoming a reality with exponentially growing data and machine capabilities. Some decision making is extremely complex, historically reserved for governing bodies or market places where the collective human experience and intelligence come to play. Other decision making can be trusted to computers that are on a path now into the future through novel software development and technological improvements in data access. In all cases, we should think about this carefully first: what data are really important for our goals and what data should be ignored or not even stored? The answer to these questions involves human intelligence and understanding before the data-to-decision process begins. C1 [Elmegreen, Bruce G.] IBM Res Div, T J Watson Res Ctr, 1101 Kitchawan Rd, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Sanchez, Susan M.] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Elmegreen, Bruce G.; Sanchez, Susan M.; Szalay, Alexander S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3701 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RP Elmegreen, BG (reprint author), IBM Res Div, T J Watson Res Ctr, 1101 Kitchawan Rd, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA.; Elmegreen, BG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3701 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. EM bge@us.ibm.com; ssanchez@nps.edu; szalay@jhu.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4799-7486-3 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2014 BP 943 EP 949 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG4XP UT WOS:000389248201020 ER PT S AU Karatas, M Craparo, EM Singham, DI AF Karatas, Mumtaz Craparo, Emily M. Singham, Dashi I. BE Tolk, A Yilmaz, L Diallo, SY Ryzhov, IO TI SELECTION OF A PLANNING HORIZON FOR A HYBRID MICROGRID USING SIMULATED WIND FORECASTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2014 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2014 CL Savannah, GA ID RENEWABLE ENERGY-SOURCES AB Hybrid microgrids containing renewable energy sources represent a promising option for organizations wishing to reduce costs while increasing energy security and islanding time. A prime example of such an organization is the U.S. military, which often operates in isolated areas and whose reliance on a fragile commercial electric grid is seen as a security risk. However, incorporating renewable sources into a microgrid is difficult due to their typically intermittent and unpredictable nature. We use simulation techniques to investigate the performance of a hypothetical hybrid microgrid containing both wind turbines and fossil fuel based power sources. Our simulation model produces realistic weather forecast scenarios, which we use to exercise our optimization model and predict optimal grid performance. We perform a sensitivity analysis and find that for day-ahead planning, longer planning horizons are superior to shorter planning horizons, but this improvement diminishes as the length of the planning horizon increases. C1 [Karatas, Mumtaz] Turkish Naval Acad Tuzla, TR-34942 Istanbul, Turkey. [Craparo, Emily M.; Singham, Dashi I.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Karatas, M (reprint author), Turkish Naval Acad Tuzla, TR-34942 Istanbul, Turkey. EM mkaratas@dho.edu.tr; emcrapar@nps.edu; dsingham@nps.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4799-7486-3 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2014 BP 1050 EP 1060 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG4XP UT WOS:000389248201030 ER PT B AU Lee, YT AF Lee, Yu-Tai GP ASME TI MYSTERIOUS BEHAVIOR OF OPTIMIZATION CALCULATION WITH MOGA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2013, VOL 1A: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Incline Village, NV SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID DESIGN AB Multi-Objective Generic Algorithm (MOGA) is a popular and viable optimization calculation scheme for many practical engineering problems. This is because MOGA provides reliable search results covering wide and multi-variable design spaces. Most importantly when an optimization problem involves using mixed design variables, i.e. continuous and discrete variables, MOGA is still applicable. However, in such a condition MOGA needs to be programmed in a binary mode, which requires a minimum number of bits to represent each real and integer design variable. The accuracy of the prediction of the optimization calculation is expected to depend on the number of bits used. This paper introduces such a problem based on a general turbomachinery design problem. The design variables of the centrifugal impeller design consist of discrete and continuous variables. Some puzzling behavior occurred when the optimization calculation was carried out, related to the prediction accuracy when applying different number of bits to represent the continuous and discrete design variables. It is found that the accuracy is independent of the number of binary bits used. Detailed analyses were performed using simplified analytic formulations for the objective functions to determine why the calculated results show such a behavior. In addition, objective functions are developed and verified that do not show this behavior. C1 Carderock Div, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lee, YT (reprint author), Carderock Div, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM yu.lee@navy.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5554-6 PY 2014 AR V01AT02A008 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BD2PE UT WOS:000359029100013 ER PT B AU Lee, YT Wolfe, T Slipper, ME AF Lee, Yu-Tai Wolfe, Tristan Slipper, Michael E. GP ASME TI A PERFORMANCE PREDICTION MODEL FOR LOW-SPEED CENTRIFUGAL FANS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING - 2014, VOL 1A: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th ASME Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Diviison Summer Meeting CY AUG 03-07, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB A generalized model for mapping the trend of the performance characteristics of a double-discharge centrifugal fan is developed based on the work by Casey and Robinson (C&R) which formulated compressor performance maps for tip-speed Mach numbers ranging from 0.4 to 2 using test data obtained from turbochargers with vaneless diffusers. The current paper focuses on low-speed applications for Mach number below 0.4. The C&R model uses four non-dimensional parameters at the design condition including the flow coefficient, the work input coefficient, the tip-speed Mach number and the polytropic efficiency, in developing a prediction model that requires limited geometrical knowledge of the centrifugal turbomachine. For the low-speed fan case, the C&R formulas are further extended to a low-speed, incompressible analysis. The effort described in this paper begins by comparing generalized results using efficiency data obtained from a series of fan measurements to that using the C&R model. For the efficiency map, the C&R model is found to heavily depend on the ratio of the flow coefficient at peak efficiency to that at the choke flow condition. Since choke flow is generally not applicable in the low-speed centrifugal fan operational environment, an alternate, but accurate estimation method based on fan free delivery derived from the fan test data is presented. Using this new estimation procedure, the modified C&R model predicts reasonably well using the double discharge centrifugal fan data for high flow coefficients, but fails to correlate with the data for low flow coefficients. To address this undesirable characteristic, additional modifications to the C&R model are also presented for the fan application at low flow conditions. A Reynolds number correction is implemented in the work input prediction of the C&R model to account for low-speed test conditions. The new model provides reasonable prediction with the current fan data in both work input and pressure rise coefficients. Along with the developments for the efficiency and work input coefficient maps, the use of fan shut-off and free delivery conditions are also discussed for low-speed applications. C1 [Lee, Yu-Tai] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Wolfe, Tristan; Slipper, Michael E.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Ships Syst Engn Stn, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Lee, YT (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4621-6 PY 2014 AR V01AT02A011 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0WK UT WOS:000379634600014 ER PT B AU Shan, H Lee, YT AF Shan, Hua Lee, Yu-Tai GP ASME TI NUMERICAL STUDY OF DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE PLASMA ACTUATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING - 2014, VOL 1B: SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th ASME Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Diviison Summer Meeting CY AUG 03-07, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID INDUCED FLUID-DYNAMICS; FLOW-CONTROL AB There has been an increasing interest in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuation for flow control in the past decade. Compared to other means of active flow controls, the DBD plasma actuations have several advantages, including absence of moving parts, a fast time response for unsteady applications, a very low mass of the device, no cavities or holes on control surfaces, and possibly low energy consumption. These features are especially important for applications with high g-loads, such as turbomachinery blades rotating at high speed. A computational method has been developed to couple a DBD electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) body force model with the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model for incompressible flows. The EHD body force model is based on solving the electrostatic equations for the electric potential due to applied voltage and the net charge density due to ionized air. The boundary condition for charge density on the dielectric surface is obtained from a Space-Time Lumped-Element (STLE) circuit model that accounts for time and space dependence of the air ionization on the input voltage amplitude, frequency, electrode geometry, and dielectric properties. Alternatively, an empirical formulation representing a Gaussian distribution of charge density on the dielectric-surface can also be used. The EHD body force is calculated using the solutions obtained from solving the electric potential and the net charge density equations. As a comparison, a much simpler Linearized Electric Body Force (LEBF) model is also used to directly specify the spatial distribution of the averaged EHD body force. The coupled computational models have been implemented using a multiple-domain approach. The electric potential equation, the net charge density equation, and the flow equations are solved in separate computational domains. All equations are discretized in space using a cell-centered finite volume method. Parallel computation is implemented using domain-decomposition and message passing interface (MPI). Due to a large disparity in time scales between the electric discharge and the flow, a multiple sub-cycle technique is used in coupling the plasma solver and the flow solver. The DBD plasma induced flow in quiescent air is used as a test case and the computational results are validated against experimental measurement. A comparison between different EHD body force models is also presented. Then, the effect of driving duty-cycles with different waveforms and input voltage amplitudes is investigated in terms of electrical power, EHD thrust, and kinetic energy of induced flow. C1 [Shan, Hua; Lee, Yu-Tai] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Shan, H (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4622-3 PY 2014 AR V01BT14A001 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0WL UT WOS:000379635100065 ER PT B AU DeGiorgi, VG Qidwai, SM Kota, N AF DeGiorgi, Virginia G. Qidwai, Siddiq M. Kota, Nithyanand GP ASME TI NEW METRICS FOR PIT SHAPE CHARACTERIZATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (DETC) CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL Buffalo, NY SP ASME ID STAINLESS-STEEL; PITTING CORROSION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; BEHAVIOR; TORTUOSITY; ALUMINUM; DISSOLUTION; AL AB Currently a variety of approaches are used to match stress concentration factors with corrosion pit geometry. The majority of these approaches use standardized stress concentration factors, such as concentration factors for circles or ellipses, to estimate the maximum stress values along the pit front. These factors are based on regular geometric shapes. Pits that form in a microstructure are influenced by the individual grains surrounding the pit. These pits often do not have simple shapes. Use of standardized geometric factors do not capture the geometric complexity of the pit. Rather than a single parameter, such as a the aspect ratio of an ellipse, multiple parameters may be required to define the extent and variation in localized curvature along a pit front within a microstructure. Maximum depth and curvature are just two possible candidate metrics. In addition the authors looked to the medical field for potential metrics to adequately describe the convoluted nature of the pit front. Several methods have been developed to mathematically define the serpentine twists in diseased retinal blood vessels. In this work the authors present a methodology for determining characteristics including tortuosity of computationally predicted pit shapes embedded in microstructures. Ultimately it is hoped that maximum curvature, pit tortuosity and other geometric based metrics can be combined to predict the maximum rise in stress associated with a pit embedded in a microstructure. C1 [DeGiorgi, Virginia G.; Qidwai, Siddiq M.] US Naval Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Kota, Nithyanand] Leidos Corp, Mat Corros & Environm Technol Dept, Reston, VA USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4628-5 PY 2014 AR V01AT02A008 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0ZL UT WOS:000379987000008 ER PT B AU Dennis, BH Akbariyeh, A Michopoulos, J Komninelli, F Iliopoulos, A AF Dennis, Brian H. Akbariyeh, Ashkan Michopoulos, John Komninelli, Foteini Iliopoulos, Athanasios GP ASME TI INVERSE DETERMINATION OF MOVING HEAT FLUX DISTRIBUTIONS USING REDUCED ORDER MODELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (DETC) CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL Buffalo, NY SP ASME ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION AB Optimization-based solutions to inverse problems involve the coupling of an analysis model, such as a finite element model, with a numerical optimization method. The goal is to determine a set of parameters that minimize an objective function that is determined by solving the analysis model. In this paper, we present an approach that dramatically reduces the computational cost for solving this inverse problems in this way by replacing the original full order finite element model (FOM) with a reduced order model (ROM) that is both accurate and quick to compute. The reduced order model is constructed with basis functions generated using proper orthogonal decomposition of set of solutions from the FOM. A discrete Galerkin method is used to project the differential equation on the basis functions. This approach allows us to transform the linear full order finite element model into an equivalent discrete ROM with far fewer unknowns. The method is applied to a parameter estimation problem in heat transfer. Specifically, we determine the parameters governing the magnitude and distribution of an unknown surface heat flux moving at a constant velocity across the surface of a solid bar of material. A finite element model was implemented in the commercial package COMSOL and a corresponding ROM was constructed. The ROM was coupled with an optimization algorithm to determine the parameter values that minimized the distance between the computed surface temperatures and the target surface temperature. The target surface temperature was generated using simulated measurements produced from the full order finite element model. Several optimization methods were used. The results show the approach can recover the parameters with high accuracy with twenty seven FOM runs. C1 [Dennis, Brian H.; Akbariyeh, Ashkan] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, UTA Box 19018, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Michopoulos, John] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Komninelli, Foteini; Iliopoulos, Athanasios] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Komninelli, Foteini; Iliopoulos, Athanasios] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dennis, BH (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, UTA Box 19018, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM dennisb@uta.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4628-5 PY 2014 AR V01AT02A026 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0ZL UT WOS:000379987000026 ER PT B AU Iliopoulos, A Michopoulos, JG AF Iliopoulos, Athanasios Michopoulos, John G. GP ASME TI HIGH PERFORMANCE PARALLELIZED CENTROID ESTIMATION OF IMAGE COMPONENTS FOR FULL FIELD MEASUREMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (DETC) CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL Buffalo, NY SP ASME ID ALGORITHMS AB Full field measurement methods require digital image processing algorithms to accomplish centroid identification of components of the image of a deforming structure and track them through subsequent video frames in order to establish displacement and strain measurements. Unfortunately, these image processing algorithms are the most computationally expensive tasks performed in such methods. In this work we present a set of new algorithms that can be used to identify centroids of image features that are shown to be orders of magnitude faster than conventional algorithms. These algorithms are based on employing efficient data structures and algorithmic flows tailored to optimally fit in shared memory parallel architectures. C1 [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Michopoulos, John G.] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Iliopoulos, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4628-5 PY 2014 AR V01AT02A022 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0ZL UT WOS:000379987000022 ER PT B AU Iliopoulos, A Michopoulos, JG DeGiorgi, V Policastro, S AF Iliopoulos, Athanasios Michopoulos, John G. DeGiorgi, Virginia Policastro, Steven GP ASME TI TOWARDS A COMPUTATIONAL MULTIPHYSICS FRAMEWORK FOR MODELING ANTIBIOFOULING PROCESSES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (DETC) CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL Buffalo, NY SP ASME ID DISINFECTION; WATER AB Biofouling is a process of major concern on naval vessels because it considerably affects their performance, maintenance and operational costs due to the fact that induces an increased hydrodynamic drag that leads to higher fuel consumption that in turn demands expensive cleaning procedures. A possible antibiofouling system can be designed by enhancing an existing impressed current cathodic protection system and taking advantage of the chlorine oxidants produced during its operation. In this work we present a design methodology for such a system, together with the associated multiphysics formulation framework based on a coupled chemical reactions - electric currents, species mass transport and electromigration model. This framework predicts the spatio-temporal distributions of the Chlorine species concentration that tend to inhibit. the biofouling formations. We also demonstrate the applicability of the computational framework on a number of platforms ranging from simple panels up to a full scale boat. The computational results are compared with the actual field experiments. C1 [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Michopoulos, John G.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [DeGiorgi, Virginia] Naval Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Syst Design & Integrat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Policastro, Steven] Naval Res Lab, Corros Sci & Environm Effects Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Iliopoulos, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4628-5 PY 2014 AR V01AT02A018 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0ZL UT WOS:000379987000018 ER PT B AU Komninelli, F Iliopoulos, A Michopoulos, JG AF Komninelli, Foteini Iliopoulos, Athanasios Michopoulos, John G. GP ASME TI PERFORMANCE OF A LOTKA-VOLTERRA SYSTEM FOR REPRESENTING BIOFOULING PROCESSES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (DETC) CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL Buffalo, NY SP ASME AB In order to assess the feasibility and performance of a minimal multi physics model for representing the spatiotemporal evolution of biofouling process, we selected the coupled diffusive generalization of the Lotka-Volterra PDEs to govern the spatiotemporal evolution of population densities of predator-prey colonies in a computational domain. The implementation of the finite element solution of the system was performed and the associated numerical solution of the system was achieved. An analysis was performed that highlights certain choices of the control parameters of the model and their effect on the spatiotemporal behavior of the system. Potential extensions of the model are presented to incorporate an agent that inhibits antibiofouling and study its effect. An evaluation of the features of the model are concluding the paper. C1 [Komninelli, Foteini; Iliopoulos, Athanasios] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Komninelli, Foteini; Iliopoulos, Athanasios] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Michopoulos, John G.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Komninelli, F (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4628-5 PY 2014 AR V01AT02A016 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0ZL UT WOS:000379987000016 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Lambrakos, S Iliopoulos, A AF Michopoulos, John G. Lambrakos, Samuel Iliopoulos, Athanasios GP ASME TI MULTIPHYSICS CHALLENGES FOR CONTROLLING LAYERED MANUFACTURING PROCESSES TARGETING THERMOMECHANICAL PERFORMANCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (DETC) CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL Buffalo, NY SP ASME AB In an effort to enable on-demand process control of additive manufacturing processes for achieving component performance by design from a modeling and simulation perspective and context, we introduce a method for identifying relevant modeling and simulation challenges for the purpose of motivating research that addresses this problem. We first present the abstraction of the multiscale modeling processes connecting process control with functional performance both from the forward and inverse perspectives. We subsequently introduce a brief ontology describing the ordering of dependency and membership of all components of a model in order to isolate the potential areas where challenges can be exposed. We subsequently select some features that are usually ignored by the community during modeling. In particular, we demonstrate using a simple problem of mass and heat transfer, which is relevant to layered additive manufacturing, the implications and dangers related to ignoring process dependence on deposition path history. C1 [Michopoulos, John G.; Lambrakos, Samuel] US Navy, Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4628-5 PY 2014 AR V01AT02A050 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0ZL UT WOS:000379987000050 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Young, M Iliopoulos, A Jones, HN AF Michopoulos, John G. Young, Marcus Iliopoulos, Athanasios Jones, Harry N. GP ASME TI ON THE VALIDATION OF A MULTIPHYSICS THEORY FOR A STATIC CONTACT WITH ROUGH SURFACES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (DETC) CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL Buffalo, NY SP ASME ID WEIERSTRASS-MANDELBROT FUNCTION AB In an effort to address the validation of a recently developed multifield and multiscale rough contact theory we are applying it for a particular experiment. The experiment involves the contact between two hollow cylinders with an annular disk in between them. The contact surface is rough and the entire stack is exposed to compressive mechanical load and a high electric current pulse. Solving the necessary multi-physics partial differential equations leads to establishing the spatiotemporal distribution of relevant fields and the identification of the contact resistance as a function of mechanical pressure and current. In addition to providing typical results for all selected fields present during the experiment and the simulation, we also provide a comparison between the experimentally acquired resistance histories with the numerically derived ones to address validation aspects of the general multiphysics contact theory. C1 [Michopoulos, John G.; Young, Marcus] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Iliopoulos, Athanasios] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jones, Harry N.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4628-5 PY 2014 AR V01AT02A017 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0ZL UT WOS:000379987000017 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Dennis, B Komninelli, F Iliopoulos, A Akbariyeh, A AF Michopoulos, John G. Dennis, Brian Komninelli, Foteini Iliopoulos, Athanasios Akbariyeh, Ashkan GP ASME TI PERFORMANCE OF REDUCED ORDER MODELS OF MOVING HEAT SOURCE DEPOSITION PROBLEMS FOR EFFICIENT INVERSE ANALYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (DETC) CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL Buffalo, NY SP ASME ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; REDUCTION; SYSTEMS; CONDUCTION; FLOWS AB In order to reduce the demanding computational requirements for the numerical solution of problems involving heat transfer problems of moving heat source deposition, we present an approach utilizing reduced order models based on proper orthogonal decomposition and associated Galerkin projection. We subsequently describe the finite element implementation of solution methodology for both the full order and the reduced order models, as well as the respective computational implementation details. Using this methodology, we performed a sensitivity analysis for a problem of a moving heat source to investigate the performance characteristics of the relevant reduced order model size and present the efficiency of the approach. We demonstrated the efficiency of the reduced models for performing inverse analysis. C1 [Michopoulos, John G.] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dennis, Brian; Akbariyeh, Ashkan] Univ Texas Arlington, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX USA. [Komninelli, Foteini; Iliopoulos, Athanasios] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Komninelli, Foteini; Iliopoulos, Athanasios] US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Computat Multiphys Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4628-5 PY 2014 AR V01AT02A027 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0ZL UT WOS:000379987000027 ER PT B AU Wimmer, SA Pan, MJ DeGiorgi, VG AF Wimmer, Stephanie A. Pan, Ming-Jen DeGiorgi, Virginia G. GP ASME TI THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF THE LAMINATION OF UNFIRED CERAMICS WITH FUGITIVE PHASES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (DETC) CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL Buffalo, NY SP ASME AB The dimensional accuracy of finished ceramic components depends upon the precise control of the unfired ceramic body prior to sintering. One approach for creating precise geometries is the fugitive phase approach. In the fugitive phase approach, the fugitive phase is a sacrificial material that can be removed to form channels in the finished ceramic component. In this paper, the authors computationally examine the fugitive phase approach; in particular, the lamination step of the fugitive phase approach is modeled. In the lamination step the unfired ceramic phases are combined with the fugitive phases through the application of pressure. For this research, the unfired ceramic phase consists of tape cast mullite and the fugitive phase is paper. These phases are laminated together in a die press to form a multilayer material. The compression of the die press causes pressure gradients, viscoelastic deformation, and rebounding of the unfired ceramic phases. In addition, the die press can cause movement of the fugitive phase pieces leaving unfilled voids. Three dimensional modeling is necessary to accurately capture the movement of the fugitive phase pieces. In this work the authors examine the viscoelastic deformation of the unfired ceramic phase, movement of the fugitive phase, the creation and filling of voids, pressure gradients, and the rebounding that occurs when the unfired ceramic body is removed from the die press. The information obtained from computational simulations will be used to help direct experimental investigations of the fugitive phase approach for fabrication of complex ceramic components. C1 [Wimmer, Stephanie A.; Pan, Ming-Jen; DeGiorgi, Virginia G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wimmer, SA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4628-5 PY 2014 AR V01AT02A037 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0ZL UT WOS:000379987000037 ER PT B AU Westmoreland, SN Schmidt, LC AF Westmoreland, Sophoria N. Schmidt, Linda C. GP ASME TI REVEALING INSIGHTS FROM PROFESSIONAL DESIGN DOCUMENTATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (DETC) CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL Buffalo, NY SP ASME DE design cognition; design journals; metacognition; professionals ID ENGINEERING DESIGN AB In this work, the researchers explore how a professional engineering designer documents thoughts during the design process. This research will increase understanding of design thinking, improve the effectiveness of the design profession, and create tools for design education. Analyzing professional design behavior is traditionally done using timed design activities that are audio and video recorded to collect design data. The methodology used here is to analyze a set of handwritten design journals used for one long-term project. A comprehensive cognitive coding scheme is applied that has been verified by applying it to the data set and refined through iteration. The coding scheme has also been validated by producing comparative results to similar design studies found in the literature such as Atman, Suwa, and Jain. The results found that the professional was very detailed, spent a considerable amount of time on project management and that students are recording in the design journal for different reasons and at different times during the design process than the professional. C1 [Westmoreland, Sophoria N.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Schmidt, Linda C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Westmoreland, SN (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4634-6 PY 2014 AR V003T04A015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF0ZT UT WOS:000379987800059 ER PT S AU Leitl, B Hertwig, D Harms, F Schatzmann, M Patnaik, G Boris, J Obenschain, K Fischer, S Rechenbach, P AF Leitl, Bernd Hertwig, Denise Harms, Frank Schatzmann, Michael Patnaik, Gopal Boris, Jay Obenschain, Keith Fischer, Susanne Rechenbach, Peer BE Talamelli, A Oberlack, M Peinke, J TI Large Eddy Simulation of Accidental Releases SO PROGRESS IN TURBULENCE V SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th iTi Conference on Turbulence CY 2012 CL Bertinoro, ITALY DE LES-modeling; Flow and dispersion; Accidental releases; Emergency response tool; Urban environment AB First responders need a more or less instant estimate of danger zones resulting from accidentally released hazardous materials in order to take immediate action, to coordinate rescue teams and to protect human population and critical infrastructure. To fulfill the need for a sufficient dispersion modeling accuracy while maintaining efficient access to reliable results in a first responders environment, systematic high resolution pre-accidental LES modeling can be combined with 'physical data reduction' in an emergency assessment tool. A typical example of such an approach adjusted to the geometry of the Hamburg inner city area will be presented. It gives a glimpse into the application of LES-modeling for real-world problems. C1 [Leitl, Bernd; Hertwig, Denise; Harms, Frank; Schatzmann, Michael] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, KlimaCampus, Hamburg, Germany. [Patnaik, Gopal; Boris, Jay; Obenschain, Keith] US Naval Res Lab, Labs Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC USA. [Fischer, Susanne; Rechenbach, Peer] Minist Interior, Free & Hanseat City Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. RP Schatzmann, M (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, KlimaCampus, Hamburg, Germany. EM schatzmann@zmaw.de FU German Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance; Parliament of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg; Hamburg University's KlimaCampus FX Financial support by the German Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance as well as by the Parliament of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg is gratefully acknowledged. Parts of the wind-tunnel model construction costs were covered through a grant from Hamburg University's KlimaCampus. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-319-01860-7; 978-3-319-01859-1 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2014 VL 149 BP 133 EP 147 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-01860-7_22 PG 15 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Physics GA BG9JP UT WOS:000393326500022 ER PT B AU Jones, J White, R Boyajian, T Schaefer, G Baines, E Ireland, M Patience, J McAlister, H ten Brummelaar, T AF Jones, Jeremy White, R. Boyajian, T. Schaefer, G. Baines, E. Ireland, M. Patience, J. McAlister, H. ten Brummelaar, T. BE CreechEakman, MJ Guzik, JA Stencel, RE TI ISAAC: Interferometric Survey to Determine A-Star Ages using CHARA SO RESOLVING THE FUTURE OF ASTRONOMY WITH LONG-BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Resolving the Future of Astronomy with Long-Baseline Interferometry CY MAR 28-31, 2011 CL Socorro, NM SP New Mexico Tech, Magdalena Ridge Observ ID ANGULAR DIAMETERS; ARRAY; PLANETS AB Observational studies of A-type stars continue to shape our basic understanding of circumstellar disks and extrasolar planets. The first directly imaged circumstellar disks and extrasolar planets were discovered around A-type stars, and they still harbor the best-studied of these systems. Nevertheless, our understanding of the temporal evolution of disks and planets is in many ways limited by the poorly known ages of A-stars; most are known only to 50-200%. The CHARA Array has the unique ability to overcome this limitation by measuring the sizes of A-stars. A-stars evolve significantly in size while on the main sequence, so this straightforward measurement can constrain the age to within less than 20%! We plan to use CHARA to determine such ages for all single, northern A-stars within 50 pc. Extrasolar disk and planet studies will undoubtedly continue to focus on the A-type stars over the next decade, so determining the precise size and ages of the nearest of these will help ensure the long-term legacy of long-baseline interferometry. C1 [Jones, Jeremy; White, R.; Boyajian, T.; Schaefer, G.; McAlister, H.; ten Brummelaar, T.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, POB 4106, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Jones, Jeremy; White, R.; Boyajian, T.; Schaefer, G.; McAlister, H.; ten Brummelaar, T.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Baines, E.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ireland, M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron SIfA, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Patience, J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Astrophys Grp, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. RP Jones, J (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, POB 4106, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. OI Boyajian, Tabetha/0000-0001-9879-9313 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-858-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2014 VL 487 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE7YX UT WOS:000376047700029 ER PT B AU White, RJ Schaefer, GH Boyajian, T Baines, EK ten Brummelaar, T McAlister, HA Ridgway, ST Sturmann, J Sturmann, L Turner, NH Farrington, CD Goldfinger, PJ AF White, R. J. Schaefer, G. H. Boyajian, T. Baines, E. K. ten Brummelaar, T. McAlister, H. A. Ridgway, S. T. Sturmann, J. Sturmann, L. Turner, N. H. Farrington, C. D. Goldfinger, P. J. BE CreechEakman, MJ Guzik, JA Stencel, RE TI AB Dor Moving-Group Stars Resolved with the CHARA Array SO RESOLVING THE FUTURE OF ASTRONOMY WITH LONG-BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Resolving the Future of Astronomy with Long-Baseline Interferometry CY MAR 28-31, 2011 CL Socorro, NM SP New Mexico Tech, Magdalena Ridge Observ ID MASS STARS; TRACKS AB We present results of a CHARA Array interferometric survey of adolescentage stars in the AB Dor Moving Group. The motivation is to spatially resolve stars larger than similar to 0.4 milliarcseconds to help constrain the Group's age, and to search for close binary systems from which dynamical masses may be determined. This survey spatially resolved two members, the F6 star GJ 159 (0.600 +/- 0.014 mas; 2.3% precision) and the M2 star GJ 393 (0.552 +/- 0.014 mas; 2.5% precision). GJ 393 is especially interesting as comparisons with evolutionary models suggest that it is still pre-main sequence, and favor a young age (similar to 30 Myr) for the Moving Group. This survey also spatially resolved the known spectroscopic binary PX Vir. Additional observations of it, in combination with spectroscopic monitoring, will yield dynamical masses for a young sub-solar-mass binary in a few years' time. C1 [White, R. J.; Boyajian, T.; McAlister, H. A.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, POB 4106, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [White, R. J.; Boyajian, T.; McAlister, H. A.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Schaefer, G. H.; ten Brummelaar, T.; Sturmann, J.; Sturmann, L.; Turner, N. H.; Farrington, C. D.; Goldfinger, P. J.] Georgia State Univ, Mt Wilson Observ, CHARA Array, Mt Wilson, CA 91023 USA. [Baines, E. K.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ridgway, S. T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP White, RJ (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, POB 4106, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. OI Boyajian, Tabetha/0000-0001-9879-9313 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-858-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2014 VL 487 BP 407 EP 412 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE7YX UT WOS:000376047700046 ER PT J AU Kirtley, JD Steinhurst, DA Owrutsky, JC Pomfret, MB Walker, RA AF Kirtley, John D. Steinhurst, Daniel A. Owrutsky, Jeffery C. Pomfret, Michael B. Walker, Robert A. TI In situ optical studies of methane and simulated biogas oxidation on high temperature solid oxide fuel cell anodes SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON DEPOSITION; NI-YSZ; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SOFC ANODES; PERFORMANCE; CH4; PERSPECTIVES; EMISSION; SURFACES; CATALYST AB Novel integration of in situ near infrared (NIR) thermal imaging, vibrational Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared emission spectroscopy (FTIRES) coupled with traditional electrochemical measurements has been used to probe chemical and thermal properties of Ni-based, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes operating with methane and simulated biogas fuel mixtures at 800 degrees C. Together, these three non-invasive optical techniques provide direct insight into the surface chemistry associated with device performance as a function of cell polarization. Specifically, data from these complementary methods measure with high spatial and temporal resolution thermal gradients and changes in material and gas phase composition in operando. NIR thermal images show that SOFC anodes operating with biogas undergo significant cooling (Delta T = -13 degrees C) relative to the same anodes operating with methane fuel (Delta T = -3 degrees C). This result is general regardless of cell polarization. Simultaneous Raman spectroscopic measurements are unable to detect carbon formation on anodes operating with biogas. Carbon deposition is observable during operation with methane as evidenced by a weak vibrational band at 1556 cm(-1). This feature is assigned to highly ordered graphite. In situ FTIRES corroborates these results by identifying relative amounts of CO2 and CO produced during electrochemical removal of anodic carbon previously formed from an incident fuel feed. Taken together, these three optical techniques illustrate the promise that complementary, in situ methods have for identifying electrochemical oxidation mechanisms and carbon-forming pathways in high temperature electrochemical devices. C1 [Kirtley, John D.; Walker, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Steinhurst, Daniel A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Owrutsky, Jeffery C.; Pomfret, Michael B.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pomfret, MB (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-WX-1-0954, N00014-12-WX-2-0412]; Office of Naval Research through the University Laboratory Initiative (ULI) [N00014-12-1-0199] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-10-WX-1-0954 and N00014-12-WX-2-0412). JDK gratefully acknowledges fellowship support from the Office of Naval Research through the University Laboratory Initiative (ULI, N00014-12-1-0199). NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 99 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1039/c3cp53278j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 261LW UT WOS:000327667500025 PM 24247646 ER PT J AU Segala, DB Cavallaro, PV AF Segala, D. B. Cavallaro, P. V. TI Numerical investigation of energy absorption mechanisms in unidirectional composites subjected to dynamic loading events SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fiber breakage; Matrix shearing; Cohesive failure; Unidirectional composite laminate ID FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; DAMAGE; FABRICS; WOVEN; MODEL AB This work serves as an initial investigation, which is purely numerical, of three energy absorption mechanisms of severe dynamic loading events using a finite element model of a cross-ply unidirectional (UD) composite laminate. In this study, the inelastic energy absorption mechanisms associated with damage at the interfacial and constituent levels were numerically characterized through three admissible failure modes: fiber breakage, matrix shearing, and fiber/matrix debonding (delamination) (i.e., cohesive failure). The UD composite was constructed of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers separately reinforced with a polymer matrix material. The energy absorption capacities of these damage mechanisms were contrasted for three different dynamic loading cases including blast, shock, and ballistic impact at three different energy levels. Energy loss due to cohesive failure was observed in all three loading cases and energy levels. Furthermore, energy loss due to matrix failure was observed at all energy levels for the blast case, but only for the highest energy level in the shock and ballistics. There was energy loss due to fiber failure in the blast and in the highest energy ballistics impact case. However, there was not any fiber damage in the shock case. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Segala, D. B.; Cavallaro, P. V.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Segala, DB (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM david.segala@navy.mil; paul.cavallaro@navy.mil FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport FX This work was funded under internal investment funds from the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 81 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.08.039 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 251OU UT WOS:000326940300044 ER PT J AU Zega, TJ Nittler, LR Gyngard, F Alexander, CMO Stroud, RM Zinner, EK AF Zega, Thomas J. Nittler, Larry R. Gyngard, Frank Alexander, Conel M. O'D Stroud, Rhonda M. Zinner, Ernst K. TI A transmission electron microscopy study of presolar spinel SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; RICH AGB STARS; SILICON-CARBIDE; DUST GRAINS; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; PLANETARY MATERIALS; DEEP CIRCULATION; ALUMINUM-RICH; OXIDE GRAINS AB We report on the isotopic and microstructural properties of four presolar spinel grains identified in acid-resistant residues of the Murray CM2 and Orgueil (ORG) CI1 chondrites, and a mixture of the unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOC) QUE 97008 (L3.05), WSG 95300 (H3.3), and MET00452 (LL3.05) collected in Antarctica. All four grains have O-isotopic compositions indicating an origin in low-mass (similar to 1.2-1.4 M-circle dot) O-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, although two of the grains have compositions indicating that non-standard mixing (cool-bottom processing) likely occurred in their parent stars. Three of the grains are single-crystal Mg-Al-rich spinels containing minor Fe and Cr; one is Mg deficient and one contains minor Ca. The fourth consists of an assemblage of three, Fe-Cr-rich crystalline grains with closely aligned crystallographic orientation but systematically varied cation composition. Each spinel grain within the assemblage also contains Ti-rich sub-grains (<100 nm) whose lattice structures are coherent with their host crystals. Oxygen isotope measurements of the Orgueil residue identified four additional particles all with similar elemental and isotope composition. These are the first known presolar Fe-Cr-rich spinels. The isotopic and microstructural data indicate that the Al-Mg-rich and Fe-Cr-rich grains experienced different condensation and processing histories. The single-crystal, stoichiometric, nearly pure Mg-Al spinels are generally consistent with equilibrium condensation predictions, which constrain their condensation temperatures between 1161 and 1221 K, assuming total gas pressures of 1 x 10(-6) and 1 x 10(-3) atm, respectively. Minor stacking disorder is observed in one of the Mg-Al spinels and is probably a result of slight perturbations to crystal growth during condensation in the circumstellar environment or of impact-induced sheer strain as a response to grain-grain collisions, which could have occurred in the circumstellar environment, the interstellar medium, or the solar nebula. The minor Ca in one of the Mg-Al spinels suggests back reaction with the circumstellar gas from which it formed. In comparison, the similarly oriented Fe-Cr-rich grains of the Orgueil assemblage and their homogeneous isotopic compositions are consistent with their condensation as a single circumstellar dust particle. However, the Fe-Cr-rich compositions (nearly chromite) are inconsistent with predictions for equilibrium condensation and suggest a complex cooling history that is not possible to precisely constrain. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zega, Thomas J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, 1629 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zega, Thomas J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nittler, Larry R.; Gyngard, Frank; Alexander, Conel M. O'D] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Gyngard, Frank; Zinner, Ernst K.] Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Gyngard, Frank; Zinner, Ernst K.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Zega, Thomas J.; Stroud, Rhonda M.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zega, TJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, 1629 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tzega@lpl.arizona.edu RI Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 FU NASA Cosmochemistry Program [NNH09AL20I, NNX10AI63G, NNX11AH14G, NNX12AK47G]; Carnegie Institution of Washington Fellowship FX This research was supported by the NASA Cosmochemistry Program (grants NNH09AL20I to RMS, NNX10AI63G to LRN, NNX11AH14G to EZ, and NNX12AK47G to TJZ) and a Carnegie Institution of Washington Fellowship to F. Gyngard. We thank AE Dimitri Papanastassiou and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments which helped improve the paper. NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 124 BP 152 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2013.09.010 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 257OK UT WOS:000327394100009 ER PT J AU Huyer, SA AF Huyer, Stephen A. TI Application of a Maneuvering Propulsor Technology to Undersea Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Previous computational and experimental studies that have demonstrated a method to generate vehicle maneuvering forces from a propulsor alone have been applied to a generic undersea vehicle. An open, preswirl propulsor was configured with an upstream stator row and downstream rotor. During normal operation, the upstream stator blades are all situated at the same pitch angle and preswirl the flow into the propulsor while generating a roll moment to counter the torque produced by the rotor. By varying the pitch angles of the stator blade about the circumference, it is possible to generate a mean stator side force that can be used to maneuver the vehicle. The stator wake axial velocity and swirl that is ingested into the rotor produces a counter-force by the rotor. Optimal design of the rotor minimizes the unsteady force and redirects the rotor force vector in an orthogonal direction to minimize the counter force. The viscous, 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) commercial code FLUENT (R) was used to predict the stator forces, velocity fields, and rotor response. Radiated noise was computed for the rotor separately and the entire geometry utilizing the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings module available in FLUENT. Two separate geometries were studied-the first with a maximum stator blade row diameter contained within the body diameter and a second that was allowed to exceed the body diameter. Side force coefficients were computed for the two maneuvering propulsor configurations and compared with currently used control surface forces. Computations predicted that the maneuvering propulsor generated side forces equivalent to those produced by conventional control surfaces with side force coefficients on the order of 0.3. This translates to 50% larger forces than can be generated by conventional control surfaces on 21 in. unmanned undersea vehicles. Radiated noise calculations in air demonstrated that the total sound pressure levels produced by the maneuvering propulsor were on the order of 5 dB lower than the control fin test cases. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Huyer, SA (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8233,Bldg 1302-2, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM stephen.huyer@navy.mil FU Naval Undersea Warfare Center FX This work was sponsored by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Internal Research Program, Dr. Anthony Ruffa, program manager. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 EI 1528-901X J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2014 VL 136 IS 1 AR 011103 DI 10.1115/1.4025460 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 259EU UT WOS:000327511000004 ER PT J AU Yingling, AJ Agrawal, BN AF Yingling, Adam J. Agrawal, Brij N. TI Applications of tuned mass dampers to improve performance of large space mirrors SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Smart structures; Tuned mass dampers; Imaging satellites; Adaptive optics; Active hybrid mirrors AB In order for future imaging spacecraft to meet higher resolution imaging capability, it will be necessary to build large space telescopes with primary mirror diameters that range from 10 m to 20 m and do so with nanometer surface accuracy. Due to launch vehicle mass and volume constraints, these mirrors have to be deployable and lightweight, such as segmented mirrors using active optics to correct mirror surfaces with closed loop control. As a part of this work, system identification tests revealed that dynamic disturbances inherent in a laboratory environment are significant enough to degrade the optical performance of the telescope. Research was performed at the Naval Postgraduate School to identify the vibration modes most affecting the optical performance and evaluate different techniques to increase damping of those modes. Based on this work, tuned mass dampers (TMDs) were selected because of their simplicity in implementation and effectiveness in targeting specific modes. The selected damping mechanism was an eddy current damper where the damping and frequency of the damper could be easily changed. System identification of segments was performed to derive TMD specifications. Several configurations of the damper were evaluated, including the number and placement of TMDs, damping constant, and targeted structural modes. The final configuration consisted of two dampers located at the edge of each segment and resulted in 80% reduction in vibrations. The WFE for the system without dampers was 1.5 waves, with one TMD the WFE was 0.9 waves, and with two TMDs the WFE was 0.25 waves. This paper provides details of some of the work done in this area and includes theoretical predictions for optimum damping which were experimentally verified on a large aperture segmented system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IAA. C1 [Yingling, Adam J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Agrawal, Brij N.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Agrawal, BN (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Adam.Yingling@nrl.navy.mil; agrawal@nps.edu NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 94 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.07.039 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 245SJ UT WOS:000326483800001 ER PT S AU Beaubouef, T Petry, F AF Beaubouef, Theresa Petry, Frederick BE Pivert, O Zadrozny, S TI Information Systems Uncertainty Design and Implementation Combining: Rough, Fuzzy, and Intuitionistic Approaches SO FLEXIBLE APPROACHES IN DATA, INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RELATIONAL DATABASE; SET TECHNIQUES; ENTROPY; ALGEBRA; MODEL AB There are a number of alternative techniques for dealing with uncertainty. Here we discuss rough set, fuzzy rough set, and intuitionistic rough set approaches and how to incorporate uncertainty management using them in the relational database model. The impacts of rough set techniques on fundamental database concepts such as functional dependencies and information theory are also considered. C1 [Beaubouef, Theresa] SE Louisiana Univ, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. [Petry, Frederick] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Petry, F (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM fred.petry@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-319-00953-7 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2014 VL 497 BP 143 EP 164 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-00954-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-00954-4 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHQ84 UT WOS:000326407600007 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Zhou, JJ Zhou, XY AF Mansour, Azzam N. Zhou, Juanjuan Zhou, Xiangyang TI X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of sodium iodide and iodine mediators in a solid-state supercapacitor SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Capacitor; Redox state; XAS; Mediator; Sodium iodide; Iodine ID IN-SITU XAS; MANGANESE OXIDE; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; XAFS ANALYSIS; IFEFFIT; CATHODE; LIQUID; ION AB In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to provide the redox states of the NaI/I-2 mediators in an all-solid-state mediator-enhanced supercapacitor during the charge/discharge processes. Results show that in the charge process from -0.08 (open-circuit voltage (OCV)) to 0.80 V at constant current of 5 mA, all of the I- ions were oxidized to I-2. However, in the discharge process from +0.80 V to OCV at constant current of -5 mA, only I-3(-) ions were detected indicating that the 12 molecules were reduced to I-3(-) ions. Upon a negative polarization from OCV to -0.80 V at constant current of -5 mA, the I-3(-) ions were reduced to I- ions. Based on combined in situ XAS and cyclic voltammetry data, we show that the I-/I-2 redox couple proceeds via the formation of I-3(-) ions as an intermediate step. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mansour, Azzam N.] NSWC, Carderock Div, Mat & Power Syst Branch, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Zhou, Juanjuan; Zhou, Xiangyang] Univ Miami, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Mansour, AN (reprint author), NSWC, Carderock Div, Code 616,9500 MacArthur Blvd, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM azzam.mansour@navy.mil; j.zhou@umiami.edu; xzhou@miami.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-08-1-0332, N00014-08-WX-20797]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Kumi Pandya for her support during the experimental run on beamline X11A at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). The authors also would like to thank the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for financial support under award numbers N00014-08-1-0332 and N00014-08-WX-20797. The XAS experiments were conducted at NSLS of Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 245 BP 270 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.129 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 229AP UT WOS:000325234500034 ER PT J AU Oriti, G Julian, AL Zulaica, D AF Oriti, Giovanna Julian, Alexander L. Zulaica, Daniel TI Doubly Fed Induction Machine Drive Hardware Laboratory for Distance Learning Education SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Doubly fed induction machine (DFIM); distance learning (DL) education; power conversion systems; web-based laboratory; wind power generation systems ID POWER ELECTRONICS; GENERATOR; IMPLEMENTATION; CONVERTERS AB This paper presents the technology and user interface developed to create a doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) remotely controlled hardware laboratory for DL education. The new laboratory is designed to reinforce the theory learned in class and to verify that modeling and simulations of the laboratory machine are accurate. The power conversion system is controlled by two field-programmable gate array-based controllers which communicate with a web server PC through a USB interface so that the laboratory can be executed on campus as well as remotely. The remote students only need access to a PC with Internet connection and a standard browser, without the need to install any software or modify its security settings. The pedagogical value of this laboratory is reinforced by positive student's feedback. C1 [Oriti, Giovanna; Julian, Alexander L.; Zulaica, Daniel] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Oriti, G (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM giovanna.oriti@ieee.org; alexander.julian@ieee.org; dpzulaic@nps.edu FU Naval Postgraduate School's Center for Educational Design, Development, and Distribution FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Naval Postgraduate School's Center for Educational Design, Development, and Distribution for its support and especially T. Mastre, the Director, Philip McCullick for programming the graphic user interface and Sherrill Meaney for the website layout and students' survey. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 56 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8993 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 440 EP 448 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2252629 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 212YY UT WOS:000324020500044 ER PT J AU Reich, KV Chen, T Efros, AL Shklovskii, BI AF Reich, K. V. Chen, T. Efros, Al. L. Shklovskii, B. I. TI Photoluminescence in arrays of doped semiconductor nanocrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-DOT SOLIDS; RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION; COLLOIDAL NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; AUGER RECOMBINATION; THIN-FILMS; TRANSPORT; TRANSISTORS; SPHERES; PBS AB We study the dependence of the quantum yield of photoluminescence of a dense, periodic array of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) on the level of doping and NC size. Electrons introduced to NCs via doping quench photoluminescence by the Auger process, so that practically only NCs without electrons contribute to the photoluminescence. Computer simulation and analytical theory are used to find a fraction of such empty NCs as a function of the average number of donors per NC and NC size. For an array of small spherical NCs, the quantization gap between 1S and 1P levels leads to transfer of electrons from NCs with large number of donors to those without donors. As a result, empty NCs become extinct, and photoluminescence is quenched abruptly at an average number of donors per NC close to 1.8. The relative intensity of photoluminescence is shown to correlate with the type of hopping conductivity of an array of NCs. C1 [Reich, K. V.; Chen, T.; Shklovskii, B. I.] Univ Minnesota, Fine Theoret Phys Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Reich, K. V.] Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Efros, Al. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reich, KV (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Fine Theoret Phys Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM reich@mail.ioffe.ru RI Reich, Konstantin/D-4385-2013 FU MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation [DMR-0819885]; FTPI; Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program FX The authors would like to thank B. Skinner and D. Talapin for helpful discussions. This work was supported primarily by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under Award No. DMR-0819885, and T. Chen was partially supported by the FTPI. Al.L.E. acknowledges the financial support of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 31 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 24 AR 245311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.245311 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AC0ED UT WOS:000332166700003 ER PT J AU Kim, J Naik, GV Gavrilenko, AV Dondapati, K Gavrilenko, VI Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ Shalaev, VM Boltasseva, A AF Kim, Jongbum Naik, Gururaj V. Gavrilenko, Alexander V. Dondapati, Krishnaveni Gavrilenko, Vladimir I. Prokes, S. M. Glembocki, Orest J. Shalaev, Vladimir M. Boltasseva, Alexandra TI Optical Properties of Gallium-Doped Zinc Oxide-A Low-Loss Plasmonic Material: First-Principles Theory and Experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; ZNO; SEMICONDUCTORS; METAMATERIALS; GA AB Searching for better materials for plasmonic and metamaterial applications is an inverse design problem where theoretical studies are necessary. Using basic models of impurity doping in semiconductors, transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are identified as low-loss plasmonic materials in the near-infrared wavelength range. A more sophisticated theoretical study would help not only to improve the properties of TCOs but also to design further lower-loss materials. In this study, optical functions of one such TCO, gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), are studied both experimentally and by first-principles density-functional calculations. Pulsed-laser-deposited GZO films are studied by the x-ray diffraction and generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry. Theoretical studies are performed by the total-energy-minimization method for the equilibrium atomic structure of GZO and random phase approximation with the quasiparticle gap correction. Plasma excitation effects are also included for optical functions. This study identifies mechanisms other than doping, such as alloying effects, that significantly influence the optical properties of GZO films. It also indicates that ultraheavy Ga doping of ZnO results in a new alloy material, rather than just degenerately doped ZnO. This work is the first step to achieve a fundamental understanding of the connection between material, structural, and optical properties of highly doped TCOs to tailor those materials for various plasmonic applications. C1 [Kim, Jongbum; Naik, Gururaj V.; Shalaev, Vladimir M.; Boltasseva, Alexandra] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kim, Jongbum; Naik, Gururaj V.; Shalaev, Vladimir M.; Boltasseva, Alexandra] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gavrilenko, Alexander V.; Dondapati, Krishnaveni; Gavrilenko, Vladimir I.] Norfolk State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. [Prokes, S. M.; Glembocki, Orest J.] Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. FU ONR MURI [N00014-10-1-0942]; NSF PREM [DRM-0611430]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0456]; NSF [CREST-1036494]; Naval Research Laboratory; ONR [N0001412WX20514] FX The authors acknowledge M. Noginov for helpful discussions. The Purdue team for this work is supported by ONR MURI N00014-10-1-0942 and NSF PREM DRM-0611430; the team at Norfolk State University is supported by NSF PREM DRM-0611430, AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0456, and NSF CREST-1036494. O. J. G. and S. M. P., from the Naval Research Laboratory, are supported by ONR Contract No. N0001412WX20514, administered by Dr. Mark Spector. NR 40 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 101 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD DEC 31 PY 2013 VL 3 IS 4 AR 041037 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.3.041037 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AB9YM UT WOS:000332151600001 ER PT J AU Permenter, MG Dennis, WE Sutto, TE Jackson, DA Lewis, JA Stallings, JD AF Permenter, Matthew G. Dennis, William E. Sutto, Thomas E. Jackson, David A. Lewis, John A. Stallings, Jonathan D. TI Exposure to Cobalt Causes Transcriptomic and Proteomic Changes in Two Rat Liver Derived Cell Lines SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HYPOXIC STRESS; PROTEINS; MECHANISM; TUNGSTEN; OXYGEN; PROGRESSION; TOXICOLOGY AB Cobalt is a transition group metal present in trace amounts in the human diet, but in larger doses it can be acutely toxic or cause adverse health effects in chronic exposures. Its use in many industrial processes and alloys worldwide presents opportunities for occupational exposures, including military personnel. While the toxic effects of cobalt have been widely studied, the exact mechanisms of toxicity remain unclear. In order to further elucidate these mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers of exposure or effect, we exposed two rat liver-derived cell lines, H4-II-E-C3 and MH1C1, to two concentrations of cobalt chloride. We examined changes in gene expression using DNA microarrays in both cell lines and examined changes in cytoplasmic protein abundance in MH1C1 cells using mass spectrometry. We chose to closely examine differentially expressed genes and proteins changing in abundance in both cell lines in order to remove cell line specific effects. We identified enriched pathways, networks, and biological functions using commercial bioinformatic tools and manual annotation. Many of the genes, proteins, and pathways modulated by exposure to cobalt appear to be due to an induction of a hypoxic-like response and oxidative stress. Genes that may be differentially expressed due to a hypoxic-like response are involved in Hif-1 alpha signaling, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and other energy metabolism related processes. Gene expression changes linked to oxidative stress are also known to be involved in the NRF2-mediated response, protein degradation, and glutathione production. Using microarray and mass spectrometry analysis, we were able to identify modulated genes and proteins, further elucidate the mechanisms of toxicity of cobalt, and identify biomarkers of exposure and effect in vitro, thus providing targets for focused in vivo studies. C1 [Permenter, Matthew G.] Excet Inc, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Dennis, William E.; Jackson, David A.; Lewis, John A.; Stallings, Jonathan D.] US Army Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Sutto, Thomas E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Stallings, JD (reprint author), US Army Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD USA. EM jonathan.d.stallings.mil@mail.mil RI Jackson, David/E-9984-2014; OI Stallings, Jonathan/0000-0002-6430-5888 FU U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Military Operational Medicine Research Program FX The research described herein was sponsored by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Military Operational Medicine Research Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 30 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 12 AR e83751 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0083751 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 282SX UT WOS:000329194700063 PM 24386269 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FK Beadie, G AF Fatemi, Fredrik K. Beadie, Guy TI Rapid complex mode decomposition of vector beams by common path interferometry SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID HIGHER-ORDER MODES; OPTICAL-FIBERS; GENERATION; EXCITATION; AZIMUTHAL; NANOFIBER; PHASE AB We have used common path interferometry for rapid determination of the electric field and complex modal content of vector beams, which have spatially-varying polarization. We combine a reference beam with a signal beam prior to a polarization beam splitter for stable interferograms that preserve intermodal phase shifts even in noisy environments. Interferometric decomposition into optical modes (IDIOM) provides a direct, sensitive measure of the complete electric field, enabling rapid modal decomposition and is ideally suited to single-frequency laser sources. We apply the technique to beams exiting optical fibers that support up to 10 modes. We also use the technique to characterize the fibers by determining a scattering matrix that transforms an input superposition of modes into an output superposition. Furthermore, because interferograms are linear in the field, this technique is very sensitive and can accurately reconstruct beams with signal-to-noise << 1. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Fatemi, Fredrik K.; Beadie, Guy] Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM coldatoms@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with Jonathan Hoffman and technical assistance during data collection from Eunkeu Oh. This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research and by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 30 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 26 BP 32291 EP 32305 DI 10.1364/OE.21.032291 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 282WP UT WOS:000329205200055 PM 24514822 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Anson, CD Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, E Averichev, GS Balewski, J Banerjee, A Barnovska, Z Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Betancourt, MJ Betts, RR Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Borowski, W Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Brovko, SG Bruna, E Bultmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, JY Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chung, P Chwastowski, J Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Cui, X Das, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J de Souza, RD Dhamija, S di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Ding, F Dion, A Djawotho, P Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Elnimr, M Engelage, J Engle, KS Eppley, G Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Fedorisin, J Fersch, RG Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Gliske, S Grebenyuk, OG Grosnick, D Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Haag, B Hajkova, O Hamed, A Han, LX Haque, R Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, HZ Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jena, C Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kesich, A Kikola, DP Kiryluk, J Kisel, I Kisiel, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD LaPointe, S Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lima, LM Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Don, DMMDM Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D McShane, TS Mioduszewski, S Mitrovski, MK Mohammed, Y Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Munhoz, MG Mustafa, MK Naglis, M Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nogach, LV Novak, J Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Oliveira, RAN Olson, D Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peryt, W Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Powell, CB Pruneau, C Pruthi, NK Przybycien, M Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Riley, CK Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Ross, JF Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandacz, A Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, B Schmitz, N Schuster, TR Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, B Sharma, M Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Solanki, D Sorensen, P deSouza, UG Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Suarez, MC Sumbera, M Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarini, LH Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Turnau, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vossen, A Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, Q Wang, XL Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, W Xu, Y Xu, Z Yan, W Yang, C Yang, Y Yang, Y Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Zawisza, Y Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anson, C. D. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Banerjee, A. Barnovska, Z. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Betancourt, M. J. Betts, R. R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Brovko, S. G. Bruna, E. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Y. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chung, P. Chwastowski, J. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Cui, X. Das, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derradi de Souza, R. Dhamija, S. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Ding, F. Dion, A. Djawotho, P. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Elnimr, M. Engelage, J. Engle, K. S. Eppley, G. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Fedorisin, J. Fersch, R. G. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Gliske, S. Grebenyuk, O. G. Grosnick, D. Guo, Y. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hajkova, O. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jena, C. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kesich, A. Kikola, D. P. Kiryluk, J. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. LaPointe, S. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lima, L. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Mioduszewski, S. Mitrovski, M. K. Mohammed, Y. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Munhoz, M. G. Mustafa, M. K. Naglis, M. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nogach, L. V. Novak, J. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Oliveira, R. A. N. Olson, D. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Powell, C. B. Pruneau, C. Pruthi, N. K. Przybycien, M. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Riley, C. K. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ross, J. F. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandacz, A. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, B. Schmitz, N. Schuster, T. R. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Sharma, M. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. deSouza, U. G. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Suarez, M. C. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szanto de Toledo, A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarini, L. H. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Turnau, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Vossen, A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, Q. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yan, W. Yang, C. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Zawisza, Y. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Fluctuations of charge separation perpendicular to the event plane and local parity violation in root S-NN=200 GeV Au + Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HOT QCD; CONSERVATION; COLLISIONS AB Previous experimental results based on data (similar to 15 x 10(6) events) collected by the STAR detector at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider suggest event-by-event charge-separation fluctuations perpendicular to the event plane in noncentral heavy-ion collisions. Here we present the correlator previously used split into its two component parts to reveal correlations parallel and perpendicular to the event plane. The results are from a high-statistics 200-GeV Au + Au collisions data set (57 x 10(6) events) collected by the STAR experiment. We explicitly count units of charge separation from which we find clear evidence for more charge-separation fluctuations perpendicular than parallel to the event plane. We also employ a modified correlator to study the possible P-even background in same- and opposite-charge correlations, and find that the P-even background may largely be explained by momentum conservation and collective motion. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Przybycien, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Gliske, S.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dion, A.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Huang, B.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Mitrovski, M. K.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brovko, S. G.; Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Ding, F.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Haag, B.; Kesich, A.; Romero, J. L.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Xu, W.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Derradi de Souza, R.; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, J. Y.; Chen, L.; Huck, P.; Ke, H. W.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Shi, S. S.; Wu, Y. F.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J. B.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Betts, R. R.; Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Pandit, Y.; Suarez, M. C.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Kycia, R. A.] Cracow Univ Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Cherney, M.; Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige; McShane, T. S.; Ross, J. F.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Hajkova, O.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Barnovska, Z.; Bielcikova, J.; Chung, P.; Rusnak, J.; Sumbera, M.; Vertesi, R.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Kollegger, T.; Schuster, T. R.; Stock, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Sahu, P. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Dhamija, S.; Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Keane, D.; Kumar, L.; Margetis, S.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Fersch, R. G.; Korsch, W.; Ramachandran, S.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Eun, L.; Grebenyuk, O. G.; Kiryluk, J.; Kisel, I.; Kulakov, I.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Naglis, M.; Odyniec, G.; Olson, D.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Powell, C. B.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Xu, N.; Zyzak, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balewski, J.; Betancourt, M. J.; Corliss, R.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Leight, W.; Stevens, J. R.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Walker, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Jena, C.; Mohanty, B.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Anson, C. D.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Pawlik, B.; Turnau, J.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Cendejas, R.; Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Nogach, L. V.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Garand, D.; Hirsch, A.; Kikola, D. P.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Mustafa, M. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Lima, L. M.; Munhoz, M. G.; Oliveira, R. A. N.; deSouza, U. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Szanto de Toledo, A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Cui, X.; Guo, Y.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Yang, C.; Zawisza, Y.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Han, L-X.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Borowski, W.; Kabana, S.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Surrow, B.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Djawotho, P.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mohammed, Y.; Mondal, M. M.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Yan, W.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Engle, K. S.; Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Haque, R.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Roy, A.; Sahoo, N. R.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Sandacz, A.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Elnimr, M.; LaPointe, S.; Pruneau, C.; Putschke, J.; Sharma, M.; Tarini, L. H.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Riley, C. K.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. RI Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Xu, Wenqin/H-7553-2014; XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Aparecido Negrao de Oliveira, Renato/G-9133-2015; Bruna, Elena/C-4939-2014; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; OI Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Xu, Wenqin/0000-0002-5976-4991; Bruna, Elena/0000-0001-5427-1461; Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Ke, Hongwei/0000-0003-1463-7291 FU FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia; Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation, CNRS/IN2P3 FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF, the Sloan Foundation, CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM and NWO of the Netherlands; DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Research Foundation (Grant No. NRF-2012004024), Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; and RosAtom of Russia. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC 26 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 6 AR 064911 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.88.064911 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AB9WT UT WOS:000332147100007 ER PT J AU Kappagantula, KS Pantoya, ML Horn, J AF Kappagantula, Keerti S. Pantoya, Michelle L. Horn, Jillian TI Effect of surface coatings on aluminum fuel particles toward nanocomposite combustion SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF) CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE Aluminum combustion; Fluoropolymer combustion; Acid coatings; Self-assembled monolayers; Activation energy; Flame velocity ID FUNCTIONALIZATION; NANOPARTICLES; COMPOSITES; THERMITE; ACIDS; NANO AB Flame front velocity (FFV) of three energetic material composites was measured in order to understand the effects of surface functionalization on aluminum reactivity. Composites were prepared using molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) and aluminum (Al) fuel particles with and without surface functionalization. The surface functionalization consisted of a 5-nm-thick layer (35% by weight) of perfluorotetradecanoic add (PFTD) bonded to the Al2O3 surface of the Al particles. The first composite consisted of Al functionalized with PFTD and MoO3, the second consisted of Al with MoO3 and added PFTD particles to the same weight percentage as in the Al functionalized PFTD, and the third composite consisted of Al with MoO3. The results showed a dramatic increase in FFV from 100 to 500 m/s resulting from the surface functionalization. The results of the experiments show that the surface functionalized Al composite (Al-PFTD/MoO3) has a reaction rate 2 x than that of the simple Al/MoO3 and 3.5x than that of the Al/MoO3/PFTD composite. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kappagantula, Keerti S.; Pantoya, Michelle L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Horn, Jillian] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Pantoya, ML (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corner 7th & Boston,Mail Stop 1021, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM michelle.pantoya@ttu.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 25 PY 2013 VL 237 BP 456 EP 459 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.08.035 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 300TX UT WOS:000330488000061 ER PT J AU Keller, TM Laskoski, M Long, JW Qadri, SB Peterson, GW AF Keller, Teddy M. Laskoski, Matthew Long, Jeffrey W. Qadri, Syed B. Peterson, Gregory W. TI Bamboo-type carbon nanotube solids derived from low-cost epoxy resins and their potential application for air filtration SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanotubes; Ammonia absorption; Bamboo; Fe and Co nanoparticles ID HYDROGEN STORAGE CAPACITY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU; NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITIONS; CATALYTIC GRAPHITIZATION; AMMONIA; ADSORPTION; PRECURSORS; PHASE; OXIDE AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are formed in bulk solids from the thermal decomposition of catalytic amounts of Fe-2(CO)(9) or Co-2(CO)(8) in the presence of an excess amount of a novolac epoxy carbon precursor during the conversion to a shaped thermoset composition and pyrolysis to 1,000 degrees C. The as-pyrolyzed carbonaceous solid is composed of either Fe or Co nanoparticles embedded in the nanostructured carbon, which contains bamboo-type carbon nanotubes, MWNTs, and some amorphous carbon. The Fe and Co nanoparticles, formed in situ from thermal decomposition of the corresponding salts, are responsible for the formation of the CNTs. The amorphous carbon is removed by selective combustion leaving a high surface area, porous composition. The pore network facilitates the transport of gaseous molecules such as ammonia to the adsorptive sites at the CNT surface and at entrained Fe or Co nanoparticle sites. During the combustion, the Fe and Co nanoparticles are oxidized to the corresponding nanostructured oxides, which are more receptive to ammonia absorption relative to the reduced metal. The ability to produce nanostructured solid compositions containing CNTs in any shape or form from inexpensive, commercially available carbon precursors is facilitating the development for application such as energy, gas sorption, chemical sensor, membrane, and nanodevices. C1 [Keller, Teddy M.; Laskoski, Matthew; Long, Jeffrey W.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Qadri, Syed B.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Peterson, Gregory W.] US Army Res, Dev & Engn Command, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate,CBR Filtrat Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Matthew.laskoski@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX Financial support for this research was provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD DEC 24 PY 2013 VL 16 IS 1 AR UNSP 2165 DI 10.1007/s11051-013-2165-5 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 277UD UT WOS:000328843900001 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL Milewski, EA Jedlicka, EE Kersey, AJ O'Sullivan, DW AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning Milewski, Elizabeth A. Jedlicka, Erin E. Kersey, Alexander J. O'Sullivan, Daniel W. TI Influence of pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved organic matter on the photolysis of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene in seawater SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Munitions; Ultraviolet radiation; Nitrogen compounds; Seawater; Photochemistry ID HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NATURAL-WATERS; PURE WATER; NITRATE; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; PHOTOOXIDATION; MUTAGENICITY; SOLUBILITY; ACIDS AB In this study, the influence of salinity, nitrate, pH, temperature, and dissolved organic matter on the rate of photolysis of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) in marine, estuary, and laboratory-prepared waters was measured. Photochemical degradation was studied using a Suntest CPS+(R) solar simulator equipped with various filters designed to select specific regions of the solar spectrum. Degradation rates of the compounds were determined using HPLC analysis, and product formation was determined using LC/MS. DNT photolysis rates were influenced by the wavelength of the light irradiating the compound; 295, 305, and 320 nm long-pass filter exposures produced similar degradation rates while 385 and 395 nm filter exposures produced minimal or no degradation. Under the 295-nm filter, first-order DNT degradation rate constants increased with increasing salinity for both natural seawater and artificial seawater. The 2,6-DNT rate constants did change significantly when the pH (7.2 to 8.1), temperature (10 to 32 degrees C), and nitrate (up to 4 mM) were varied over the range of values found in marine waters. Similar results were found for 2,4-DNT, except for temperature where the rate constant increased slightly with increasing temperature. The addition of dissolved organic matter (up to, 10 mg/L) to ultrapure water, artificial seawater (salinity = 9), and natural seawater enhanced the photolysis of 2,6-DNT, while it only enhanced the photolysis of 2,4-DNT in the ultrapure and artificial seawater (salinity = 9). Products formed by 2,4-DNT photolysis in natural seawater were 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde, 2,4-dinitrobenzylnitrile, and 2-amino,4-nitrobenzoic acid. The photolysis of 2,6-DNT in natural seawater formed 2,6-dinitrobenzaldehyde, 2,6-dinitrobenzyl alcohol, and 2,6-dinitrobenzylnitrile. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Prak, Dianne J. Luning; Milewski, Elizabeth A.; Jedlicka, Erin E.; Kersey, Alexander J.; O'Sullivan, Daniel W.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Office of Naval Research; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [ER-2123] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Chris Osburn of the North Carolina State University for the dissolved organic carbon measurements and Mr. Matt Schroeder for his help in HPLC maintenance. LT Michael Eisenberg conducted experiments with nitrate, while a midshipman at the Naval Academy. Funding for this research came from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the Office of Naval Research, and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, grant # ER-2123. These funding sources were not involved in the study design; in collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the article for publication. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD DEC 20 PY 2013 VL 157 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2013.10.009 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 283UE UT WOS:000329271700022 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N Johannes, MD Hoang, K AF Bernstein, N. Johannes, M. D. Hoang, Khang TI First-principles free energy calculations of the structural phase transition in LiBH4 with I, Cl, Na, and K substitution SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; STABILIZED LIBH4; ION CONDUCTION; LITHIUM AB LiBH4 is a fast ionic conductor in its high-temperature phase, which is stabilized at room temperature by various chemical substitutions, making it a potential solid electrolyte material for Li-ion batteries. Using first-principles variable-cell-shape molecular dynamics simulations, we reproduce the experimentally observed low- and high-temperature structures. Using the height of a structure-factor-like peak as a collective coordinate, we calculate the free energy differences between the two structures as a function of temperature and substitutional ion concentration. We get good agreement with experiment for I, Cl, and Na, and predict that K is even more effective for lowering the critical temperature. Decomposition of the free energy into enthalpy and entropy reveals that the mechanism driving this lowering varies among substitutional elements. Calculating the full free energy, rather than simply the enthalpy, is therefore crucial to understanding how chemical substitution stabilizes the high conductivity phase. C1 [Bernstein, N.; Johannes, M. D.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hoang, Khang] N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Computationally Assisted Sci & Technol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Bernstein, N (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hoang, Khang/C-2879-2008 OI Hoang, Khang/0000-0003-1889-0745 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; US Department of Energy [DE-FG52-08NA28921]; Center for Computationally Assisted Science and Technology (CCAST) at North Dakota State University FX N.B. and M.D.J. acknowledge funding for this project by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. K. H. was supported by the US Department of Energy (Grant No. DE-FG52-08NA28921) and by the Center for Computationally Assisted Science and Technology (CCAST) at North Dakota State University. Computation was carried out at the AFRL DoD Major Shared Resource Center. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 20 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 22 AR 220102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.220102 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 275PA UT WOS:000328688100001 ER PT J AU Dutka, MS Ojha, R Pottschmidt, K Finke, JD Stevens, J Edwards, PG Blanchard, J Lovell, JEJ Nesci, R Kadler, M Wilms, J Tosti, G Pursimo, T Krauss, F Muller, C Gehrels, N AF Dutka, Michael S. Ojha, Roopesh Pottschmidt, Katja Finke, Justin D. Stevens, Jamie Edwards, Philip G. Blanchard, Jay Lovell, James E. J. Nesci, Roberto Kadler, Matthias Wilms, Joern Tosti, Gino Pursimo, Tapio Krauss, Felicia Mueller, Cornelia Gehrels, Neil TI MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF PKS 2142-75 DURING ACTIVE AND QUIESCENT GAMMA-RAY STATES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; gamma rays: galaxies; quasars: individual (PKS 2142-75); radio continuum: galaxies; ultraviolet: galaxies; X-rays: individual (PKS 2142-75) ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SPECTRUM RADIO QUASARS; BL-LAC OBJECTS; RELATIVISTIC JETS; COMPTON ANALYSIS; BRIGHT BLAZARS; SOURCE CATALOG; X-RAY; RADIATION; MISSION AB PKS 2142-75 (a.k.a. 2FGL J2147.4-7534) is a flat-spectrum radio quasar that was observed quasi-simultaneously by a suite of instruments across the electromagnetic spectrum during two flaring states in 2010 April and 2011 August as well as a quiescent state from 2011 December through 2012 January. The results of these campaigns and model spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from the active and quiescent states are presented. The SED model parameters of PKS 2142-75 indicate that the two flares of the source are created by unique physical conditions. SED studies of flat-spectrum radio quasars are beginning to indicate that there might be two types of flares, those that can be described purely by changes in the electron distribution and those that require changes in other parameters, such as the magnetic field strength or the size of the emitting region. C1 [Dutka, Michael S.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Ojha, Roopesh] NASA, ORAU, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pottschmidt, Katja] UMBC, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pottschmidt, Katja] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Finke, Justin D.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stevens, Jamie] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. [Edwards, Philip G.] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Blanchard, Jay] Univ Concepcion, Dept Astronoma, Concepcion 4089100, Chile. [Lovell, James E. J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Nesci, Roberto] IAPS, INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Kadler, Matthias; Mueller, Cornelia] Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Astron, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Wilms, Joern; Krauss, Felicia; Mueller, Cornelia] Remeis Observ, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Wilms, Joern; Krauss, Felicia; Mueller, Cornelia] ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Tosti, Gino] Univ Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Pursimo, Tapio] Nord Opt Telescope, E-38700 Santa Cruz Palma Santa C, Spain. [Gehrels, Neil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Dutka, MS (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM ditko86@gmail.com RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013; OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410; Krauss, Felicia/0000-0001-6191-1244; Kadler, Matthias/0000-0001-5606-6154 FU NASA [NNH09ZDA001N, NNH10ZDA001N]; NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Commonwealth of Australia; SIMBAD; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX We thank the Swift team for scheduling our Target of Opportunity requests. This research was funded in part by NASA through Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNH09ZDA001N and NNH10ZDA001N. This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Australia Telescope Compact Array is part of the Australia Telescope National Facility, which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. This research has made use of data from the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; and the SIMBAD database (operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France). This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. This research has made use of the United States Naval Observatory (USNO) Radio Reference Frame Image Database (RRFID). This article has made use of up-to-date SMARTS optical/near-infrared light curves that are available at www.astro.yale.edu/smarts/glast/home.php.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2013 VL 779 IS 2 AR UNSP 174 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/174 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268RC UT WOS:000328187200083 ER PT J AU Hayashida, M Stawarz, L Cheung, CC Bechtol, K Madejski, GM Ajello, M Massaro, F Moskalenko, IV Strong, A Tibaldo, L AF Hayashida, Masaaki Stawarz, Lukasz Cheung, Chi C. Bechtol, Keith Madejski, Greg M. Ajello, Marco Massaro, Francesco Moskalenko, Igor V. Strong, Andrew Tibaldo, Luigi TI DISCOVERY OF GeV EMISSION FROM THE CIRCINUS GALAXY WITH THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (Circinus); galaxies: jets; galaxies: Seyfert; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; X-RAY; SUZAKU OBSERVATIONS; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; LAT; AGN; DISTANCE; OUTFLOW AB We report the discovery of gamma-ray emission from the Circinus galaxy using the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Circinus is a nearby (similar to 4 Mpc) starburst with a heavily obscured Seyfert-type active nucleus, bipolar radio lobes perpendicular to the spiral disk, and kpc-scale jet-like structures. Our analysis of 0.1-100 GeV events collected during 4 yr of LAT observations reveals a significant (similar or equal to 7.3 sigma) excess above the background. We find no indications of variability or spatial extension beyond the LAT point-spread function. A power-law model used to describe the 0.1-100 GeV gamma-ray spectrum yields a flux of (18.8 +/- 5.8) x 10(-9) photon cm(-2) s(-1) and photon index 2.19 +/- 0.12, corresponding to an isotropic gamma-ray luminosity of 3 x 10(40) erg s(-1). This observed gamma-ray luminosity exceeds the luminosity expected from cosmic-ray interactions in the interstellar medium and inverse Compton radiation from the radio lobes. Thus, the origin of the GeV excess requires further investigation. C1 [Hayashida, Masaaki] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Hayashida, Masaaki; Madejski, Greg M.; Massaro, Francesco; Moskalenko, Igor V.; Tibaldo, Luigi] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Stawarz, Lukasz] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Stawarz, Lukasz] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Cheung, Chi C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bechtol, Keith] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ajello, Marco] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Strong, Andrew] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Hayashida, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. EM mahaya@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016; OI Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850; Ajello, Marco/0000-0002-6584-1703 FU Polish NSC [DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083]; NASA [DPR S-15633-Y] FX L.S. was supported by Polish NSC grant DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083. Work by C. C. C. at NRL is supported in part by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2013 VL 779 IS 2 AR 131 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/131 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268RC UT WOS:000328187200041 ER PT J AU Pascucci, I Herczeg, G Carr, JS Bruderer, S AF Pascucci, I. Herczeg, G. Carr, J. S. Bruderer, S. TI THE ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR CONTENT OF DISKS AROUND VERY LOW-MASS STARS AND BROWN DWARFS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; brown dwarfs; protoplanetary disks; stars: low-mass; stars: pre-main sequence ID NE-II EMISSION; T-TAURI STARS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; YOUNG CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; PLANET FORMATION REGION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; X-RAY-IRRADIATION; MU-M EMISSION AB There is growing observational evidence that disk evolution is stellar-mass-dependent. Here, we show that these dependencies extend to the atomic and molecular content of disk atmospheres. We analyze a unique dataset of high-resolution Spitzer/IRS spectra from eight very low mass star and brown dwarf disks. We report the first detections of Ne+, H-2, CO2, and tentative detections of H2O toward these faint and low-mass disks. Two of our [Ne II] 12.81 mu m emission lines likely trace the hot (>= 5000 K) disk surface irradiated by X-ray photons from the central stellar/sub-stellar object. The H2 S(2) and S(1) fluxes are consistent with arising below the fully or partially ionized surface traced by the [Ne II] emission in gas at similar to 600 K. We confirm the higher C2H2/HCN flux and column density ratio in brown dwarf disks previously noted from low-resolution IRS spectra. Our high-resolution spectra also show that the HCN/H2O fluxes of brown dwarf disks are on average higher than those of T Tauri disks. Our LTE modeling hints that this difference extends to column density ratios if H2O lines trace warm >= 600 K disk gas. These trends suggest that the inner regions of brown dwarf disks have a lower O/C ratio than those of T Tauri disks, which may result from a more efficient formation of non-migrating icy planetesimals. An O/C = 1, as inferred from our analysis, would have profound implications on the bulk composition of rocky planets that can form around very low mass stars and brown dwarfs. C1 [Pascucci, I.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Herczeg, G.] Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Carr, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bruderer, S.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Pascucci, I (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pascucci@lpl.arizona.edu OI Herczeg, Gregory/0000-0002-7154-6065 FU NASA; NASA/ADP [NNX10AD62G]; 6.1 base funding FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. I. P. acknowledges support from the NASA/ADP Grant NNX10AD62G. Basic research in infrared astrophysics at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. NR 78 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2013 VL 779 IS 2 AR 178 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/178 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268RC UT WOS:000328187200087 ER PT J AU Savani, NP Vourlidas, A Shiota, D Linton, MG Kusano, K Lugaz, N Rouillard, AP AF Savani, N. P. Vourlidas, A. Shiota, D. Linton, M. G. Kusano, K. Lugaz, N. Rouillard, A. P. TI A PLASMA beta TRANSITION WITHIN A PROPAGATING FLUX ROPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: heliosphere ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; STRUCTURED SOLAR-WIND; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; CLOUDS; EARTH; RECONSTRUCTION; EVOLUTION; DISTORTION; HELICITY; MODEL AB We present a 2.5 dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a magnetic flux rope (FR) propagating in the heliosphere and investigate the cause of the observed sharp plasma beta transition. Specifically, we consider a strong internal magnetic field and an explosive fast start, such that the plasma beta is significantly lower in the FR than in the sheath region that is formed ahead. This leads to an unusual FR morphology in the first stage of propagation, while the more traditional view (e. g., from space weather simulations like Enlil) of a pancake-shaped FR is observed as it approaches 1 AU. We investigate how an equipartition line, defined by a magnetic Weber number, surrounding a core region of a propagating FR, can demarcate a boundary layer where there is a sharp transition in the plasma beta. The substructure affects the distribution of toroidal flux, with the majority of the flux remaining in a small core region that maintains a quasi-cylindrical structure. We quantitatively investigate a locus of points where the kinetic energy density of the relative inflow field is equal to the energy density of the transverse magnetic field (i.e., effective tension force). The simulation provides compelling evidence that at all heliocentric distances the distribution of toroidal magnetic flux away from the FR axis is not linear, with 80% of the toroidal flux occurring within 40% of the distance from the FR axis. Thus, our simulation displays evidence that the competing ideas of a pancaking structure observed remotely can coexist with a quasi-cylindrical magnetic structure seen in situ. C1 [Savani, N. P.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Vourlidas, A.; Linton, M. G.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shiota, D.] RIKEN, Adv Sci Inst, Computat Astrophys Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Kusano, K.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Lugaz, N.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lugaz, N.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Rouillard, A. P.] Univ Toulouse UPS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Plantol, Toulouse, France. [Savani, N. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kusano, K.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Rouillard, A. P.] CNRS, UMR 5277, Toulouse, France. RP Savani, NP (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Lugaz, Noe/C-1284-2008; Savani, Neel/G-4066-2014; Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Lugaz, Noe/0000-0002-1890-6156; Savani, Neel/0000-0002-1916-7877; Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 FU NASA Living With a Star Jack Eddy Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; NASA; office of Naval Research FX N.P.S. was partially supported by the NASA Living With a Star Jack Eddy Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, administered by the UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs and hosted by the Naval Research Laboratory. A. V. and M. G. L. were supported by NASA and the office of Naval Research. The numerical calculations were performed using the supercomputing cluster at the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2013 VL 779 IS 2 AR 142 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/142 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268RC UT WOS:000328187200051 ER PT J AU Hoge, CW LeardMann, CA Boyko, EJ AF Hoge, Charles W. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Boyko, Edward J. TI Suicides Among Military Personnel Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID MILLENNIUM COHORT; US; COMBAT C1 [Hoge, Charles W.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [LeardMann, Cynthia A.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP LeardMann, CA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM cynthia.leardmann@med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 18 PY 2013 VL 310 IS 23 BP 2565 EP 2566 DI 10.1001/jama.2013.282701 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 272ZZ UT WOS:000328503600031 PM 24346997 ER PT J AU Kaplan, ML Vellore, RK Lewis, JM Underwood, SJ Pauley, PM Martin, JE Rabin, RM Krishnan, R AF Kaplan, Michael L. Vellore, Ramesh K. Lewis, John M. Underwood, S. Jeffrey Pauley, Patricia M. Martin, Jonathan E. Rabin, Robert M. Krishnan, R. TI Subtropical-polar jet interactions in Southern Plains dust storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ageostrophy; jet; adjustment; isallobaric; circulation ID SCALE NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ALONG-STREAM CIRCULATIONS; SEVERE WEATHER OUTBREAK; SQUALL LINE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; MODEL; ADJUSTMENT; IMPLEMENTATION; PREDICTION AB The origin of two separate Southern High Plains dust storms, which occurred over a 2 day period in February 2007, is traced to an interaction between the subtropical jet (STJ) and the polar jet (PJ). A large-scale thermal wind imbalance resulting from the confluence of these two jets led to a series of mesoscale circulations that ultimately produced the dust storms. Understanding the connectivity between the dust storms with differing geometries is central to the present investigation. The study rests on the interpretation of analyses from upper air and surface observations complemented by imagery from satellites, the 32 km gridded data set from the North American Regional Reanalysis, and a fine-resolution (6 km grid) simulation from the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Principal assertions from the present study are (1) scale interaction is fundamental to the creation of an environment conducive to dust storm development, (2) low to middle tropospheric mass adjustment is the primary response to a large-scale imbalance, (3) the mesoscale mass adjustment is associated with circulations about a highly accelerative jet streak resulting from the merger of the PJ and STJ, (4) the structure of the jet streak resulting from this merger governs the evolution of the geometry of the dust plumes, with plumes that initially had a straight-line orientation developing a semicircular geometry, and (5) it is concluded that improvements in dust storm prediction will depend on an augmentation to the upper air network in concert with a flow-dependent data assimilation strategy. C1 [Kaplan, Michael L.; Lewis, John M.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Vellore, Ramesh K.; Krishnan, R.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Ctr Climate Change Res, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Lewis, John M.; Rabin, Robert M.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Underwood, S. Jeffrey] Georgia So Coll, Dept Geol & Geog, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Pauley, Patricia M.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Martin, Jonathan E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Rabin, Robert M.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kaplan, ML (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM Mike.Kaplan@dri.edu FU Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV FX The support for this work was funded by Marc Pitchford, Director, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV. Data sets used in this study have been obtained from the data servers of NOAA National Operational Model Archive and Distribution System (NOMADS), National Center for Atmospheric Research CISL Archive, and from the web portal services of the National Weather Service Southern Region Headquarters, Plymouth State Weather Center, Naval Research Laboratory, and NOAA-MADIS. We gratefully acknowledge comments from the anonymous reviewers that helped to improve the presentation. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 23 BP 12893 EP 12914 DI 10.1002/2013JD020345 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297PD UT WOS:000330266500013 ER PT J AU Olascoaga, MJ Beron-Vera, FJ Haller, G Trinanes, J Iskandarani, M Coelho, EF Haus, BK Huntley, HS Jacobs, G Kirwan, AD Lipphardt, BL Ozgokmen, TM Reniers, AJHM Valle-Levinson, A AF Olascoaga, M. J. Beron-Vera, F. J. Haller, G. Trinanes, J. Iskandarani, M. Coelho, E. F. Haus, B. K. Huntley, H. S. Jacobs, G. Kirwan, A. D., Jr. Lipphardt, B. L., Jr. Oezgoekmen, T. M. Reniers, A. J. H. M. Valle-Levinson, A. TI Drifter motion in the Gulf of Mexico constrained by altimetric Lagrangian coherent structures SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE geodesic LCS; LCS cores; altimetry; Gulf of Mexico; drifters; GLAD ID TRANSPORT; FLOWS AB Application of recent geometric tools for Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) shows that material attraction in geostrophic velocities derived from altimetry data imposed an important constraint to the motion of drifters from the Grand Lagrangian Deployment (GLAD) in the Gulf of Mexico. This material attraction is largely transparent to traditional Eulerian analysis. Attracting LCS acted as approximate centerpieces for mesoscale patterns formed by the drifters. Persistently attracting LCS cores emerged 1week before the development of a filament resembling the tiger tail of the Deepwater Horizon oil slick, thereby anticipating its formation. Our results suggest that the mesoscale circulation plays a significant role in shaping near-surface transport in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Olascoaga, M. J.; Beron-Vera, F. J.; Iskandarani, M.; Haus, B. K.; Oezgoekmen, T. M.; Reniers, A. J. H. M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Haller, G.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Mech Syst, Zurich, Switzerland. [Trinanes, J.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Invest Tecnolox, Santiago, Spain. [Coelho, E. F.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Huntley, H. S.; Kirwan, A. D., Jr.; Lipphardt, B. L., Jr.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE USA. [Jacobs, G.] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Valle-Levinson, A.] Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Olascoaga, MJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS AMP, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jolascoaga@rsmas.miami.edu RI Haller, George/A-5076-2012; Trinanes, Joaquin/B-3881-2015 OI Trinanes, Joaquin/0000-0003-1529-3371 FU BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative grant; NSF [CMG0825547]; NASA [NX10AE99G]; ONR [N00014-10-1-0522, N00014-11-10081, N00014-11-1-0087]; Mary A. S. Lighthipe endowment at the University of Delaware FX We thank A. Poje for helpful comments and S. Chinchilla for proof reading an earlier version of the manuscript. S. Schofield was responsible for drifter electronics optimization. The altimeter data set is distributed by AVISO (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com). Support for this work was provided by a BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative grant; NSF grant CMG0825547; NASA grant NX10AE99G; ONR grants N00014-10-1-0522, N00014-11-10081, and N00014-11-1-0087; and the Mary A. S. Lighthipe endowment at the University of Delaware. NR 10 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 23 BP 6171 EP 6175 DI 10.1002/2013GL058624 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 282AH UT WOS:000329141900029 ER PT J AU Frantz, JA Nguyen, VQ Makinen, AJ Qadri, SB Myers, JD Sanghera, JS AF Frantz, J. A. Nguyen, V. Q. Maekinen, A. J. Qadri, S. B. Myers, J. D. Sanghera, J. S. TI Low-temperature deposition of BaCuSF, a visible through mid-infrared p-type transparent conductor SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OXIDES; FILMS AB Barium copper sulfur fluoride (BaCuSF) is a p-type transparent conductor (p-TC) that, when doped with potassium, exhibits exceptionally high conductivity. The results of a detailed optical and electronic characterization of BaCuSF thin films deposited at a substrate temperature of 100 degrees C are presented. X-ray diffractometry shows the presence of a cubic BaCuSF phase. Spectroscopic measurements demonstrate that the films transmit from the visible through the mid-infrared with a band gap of 1.8 eV. Hall measurements indicate that the material is a degenerate semiconductor. As deposited, the films exhibit conductivity at room temperature of approximately 260 S/cm - among the highest reported room temperature conductivities for p-TCs. After post-deposition treatment in water, their conductivity increases to as high as 800 S/cm, and their band gap is reduced to 1.5 eV. The potential for low temperature deposition of p-type films with high conductivity and optical transmittance makes BaCuSF promising for several applications including flexible electronics and photovoltaics. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Frantz, J. A.; Nguyen, V. Q.; Maekinen, A. J.; Qadri, S. B.; Myers, J. D.; Sanghera, J. S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Frantz, JA (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jesse.frantz@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 23 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 16 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 25 BP 30674 EP 30682 DI 10.1364/OE.21.030674 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 273ZV UT WOS:000328575700052 PM 24514643 ER PT J AU Miller, SP Dunlap, BI Fleischer, AS AF Miller, Steven P. Dunlap, Brett I. Fleischer, Amy S. TI Effects of dopant clustering in cubic zirconia stabilized by yttria and scandia from molecular dynamics SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE Zirconia; Scandia; Yttria; Dopants; Phase; Stability ID OXYGEN DIFFUSION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; 1ST PRINCIPLES; ELECTROLYTE; SYSTEM; MICROSTRUCTURE; MECHANISM; OXIDE; DEGRADATION AB The stability of the fast ion conducting cubic phase of zirconia has been investigated using atomistic molecular dynamics to determine the effect of clustering of dopant ions for zirconia containing 11 mol% of yttria or scandia stabilizing additive. Large clusters of dopant ions entrap vacancies within the dopant cluster, which increases the average oxygen coordination of the zirconium ions. Not only does this reduce the number of vacancies available for ionic conduction, but it also destabilizes the cubic phase, causing a significant reduction in ionic conductivity as a whole. Using scandia as a stabilizing additive provides better conductivity than yttria, despite the fact that yttria causes a lower coordination for zirconium ions. Cationic migration in the cubic phase occurs too slowly to be captured in molecular dynamics simulations; instead, energy calculations are made, which predict that yttrium dopants exhibit stronger mutually repulsive interactions than scandium ions, which impede the energetically favorable phase segregation process. As a result, aging of yttria stabilized zirconia will proceed at a slower rate than scandia stabilized zirconia. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Miller, Steven P.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. [Miller, Steven P.; Fleischer, Amy S.] Villanova Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Dunlap, Brett I.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Miller, SP (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 5001 S Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. EM steven.p.miller3@navy.mil OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 FU Department of Defense SMART Scholarship through the Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory FX Funding for this work was provided by the Department of Defense SMART Scholarship and by the Office of Naval Research both directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory. Computational resources were provided by the Naval Research Laboratory via the High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 EI 1872-7689 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC 15 PY 2013 VL 253 BP 130 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2013.08.042 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 286OK UT WOS:000329478400020 ER PT J AU Tiruveedhula, VVNPB Witzigmann, CM Verma, R Kabir, MS Rott, M Schwan, WR Medina-Bielski, S Lane, M Close, W Polanowski, RL Sherman, D Monte, A Deschamps, JR Cook, JM AF Tiruveedhula, V. V. N. Phani Babu Witzigmann, Christopher M. Verma, Ranjit Kabir, M. Shahjahan Rott, Marc Schwan, William R. Medina-Bielski, Sara Lane, Michelle Close, William Polanowski, Rebecca L. Sherman, David Monte, Aaron Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Cook, James M. TI Design and synthesis of novel antimicrobials with activity against Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacterial species, including M-tuberculosis SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Anti-tuberculosis; Acrylic esters; Michael-acceptor ID DRUG DISCOVERY; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; MICHAEL ACCEPTORS; RIFAMYCIN-S; INHIBITORS; AGENTS; ACRYLATES; MECHANISM; PRODUCTS; TARGETS AB The alarming increase in bacterial resistance over the last decade along with a dramatic decrease in new treatments for infections has led to problems in the healthcare industry. Tuberculosis (TB) is caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is responsible for 1.4 million deaths per year. A world-wide threat with HIV co-infected with multi and extensively drug-resistant strains of TB has emerged. In this regard, herein, novel acrylic acid ethyl ester derivatives were synthesized in simple, efficient routes and evaluated as potential agents against several Mycobacterium species. These were synthesized via a stereospecific process for structure activity relationship (SAR) studies. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays indicated that esters 12, 13, and 20 exhibited greater in vitro activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis than rifampin, one of the current, first-line anti-mycobacterial chemotherapeutic agents. Based on these studies the acrylic ester 20 has been developed as a potential lead compound which was found to have an MIC value of 0.4 mu g/mL against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The SAR and biological activity of this series is presented; a Michael-acceptor mechanism appears to be important for potent activity of this series of analogs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tiruveedhula, V. V. N. Phani Babu; Witzigmann, Christopher M.; Verma, Ranjit; Kabir, M. Shahjahan; Cook, James M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Monte, Aaron] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Rott, Marc; Schwan, William R.; Medina-Bielski, Sara; Lane, Michelle; Close, William; Polanowski, Rebecca L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Microbiol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Sherman, David] Univ Washington, Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Sherman, David] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bimol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM capncook@uwm.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU Research Growth Initiative of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [HHSN272201100012I]; NIDA-NRL Interagency [Y1-DA1101] FX We wish to acknowledge financial assistance from the Research Growth Initiative of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (J.M.C.). This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Contract No. HHSN272201100012I. X-ray crystallographic studies were carried out at the Naval Research Laboratory and supported by NIDA-NRL Interagency Agreement Number Y1-DA1101. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 EI 1464-3391 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 24 BP 7830 EP 7840 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.011 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 262VO UT WOS:000327766200029 PM 24200931 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Guenthner, AJ Sahagun, CM Lamison, KR Reams, JT Mabry, JM AF Davis, Matthew C. Guenthner, Andrew J. Sahagun, Christopher M. Lamison, Kevin R. Reams, Josiah T. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Polycyanurate networks from dehydroanethole cyclotrimers: Synthesis and characterization SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE High temperature materials; Networks; Cyanate ester ID DICYANATE ESTER MONOMER; CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; TRANS-ANETHOLE; CURE KINETICS; ALKYNES; CATALYST; ACETYLENES; CHEMICALS; LIGAND AB Novel biobased trisphenols were obtained by palladium- and cobalt-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of dehydroanethole isomers which were readily prepared from the natural product trans-anethole. The trisphenols were transformed into their corresponding tricyanate esters and thermally cured to give polycyanurate networks. Comparison of the thermal properties, from differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric and oscillatory thermomechanical analyses, of the new tricyanate esters with similar commercial products is presented. A new tricyanate ester with an acceptable processing temperature that yields a polycyanurate with very high glass transition temperature and low water absorption was found. Interestingly, the low moisture absorption was found to help limit the degradation of residual cyanate ester groups during exposure to hot water, allowing for a substantial recovery in the glass transition temperature upon subsequent heating, an unusual phenomenon for polycyanurate networks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Davis, Matthew C.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil; andrew.guenthner@us.af.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program; National Research Council's Research Associateship Program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Financial support from the Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program are gratefully acknowledged. Support from the National Research Council's Research Associateship Program (C.M.S.) is also acknowledged. Thanks to Ann M. Moorehead, Mary E. Ray and Cynthia M. Kitchens of the NAWC Technical Library (China Lake) for obtaining several of the references. NR 89 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD DEC 13 PY 2013 VL 54 IS 26 BP 6902 EP 6909 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.10.050 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 272BK UT WOS:000328435100005 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Lin, BC Mostaghim, A Rubin, RA Glaser, ER Mittraparp-arthorn, P Thompson, JR Vuddhakul, V Vora, GJ AF Wang, Zheng Lin, Baochuan Mostaghim, Anahita Rubin, Robert A. Glaser, Evan R. Mittraparp-arthorn, Pimonsri Thompson, Janelle R. Vuddhakul, Varaporn Vora, Gary J. TI Vibrio campbellii hmgA-mediated pyomelanization impairs quorum sensing, virulence, and cellular fitness SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vibrio; melanin; bioluminescence; quorum sensing; tyrosine catabolism ID GENE-EXPRESSION; PENAEUS-MONODON; MELANIN PIGMENT; HARVEYI; CHOLERAE; BACTERIA; LUMINESCENCE; PATHOGEN; SYSTEM; STRESS AB Melanization due to the inactivation of the homogentisate-1,2-dioxygenase gene (hmgA) has been demonstrated to increase stress resistance, persistence, and virulence in some bacterial species but such pigmented mutants have not been observed in pathogenic members of the Vibrio Harveyi clade. In this study, we used Vibrio campbellii ATCC BAA-1116 as model organism to understand how melanization affected cellular phenotype, metabolism, and virulence. An in-frame deletion of the hmgA gene resulted in the overproduction of a pigment in cell culture supernatants and cellular membranes that was identified as pyomelanin. Unlike previous demonstrations in Vibrio cholerae, Burkholderia cepacia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the pigmented V. campbellii mutant did not show increased UV resistance and was found to be similar to 2.7 times less virulent than the wild type strain in Penaeus monodon shrimp virulence assays. However, the extracted pyomelanin pigment did confer a higher resistance to oxidative stress when incubated with wild type cells. Microarray-based transcriptomic analyses revealed that the hmgA gene deletion and subsequent pyomelanin production negatively effected the expression of 129 genes primarily involved in energy production, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, and protein translation and turnover. This transcriptional response was mediated in part by an impairment of the quorum sensing regulon as transcripts of the quorum sensing high cell density master regulator LuxR and other operonic members of this regulon were significantly less abundant in the hmgA mutant. Taken together, the results suggest that the pyomelanization of V. campbellii sufficiently impairs the metabolic activities of this organism and renders it less fit and virulent than its isogenic wild type strain. C1 [Wang, Zheng; Lin, Baochuan; Mostaghim, Anahita; Vora, Gary J.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mostaghim, Anahita] George Mason Univ, Sch Syst Biol, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rubin, Robert A.] Whittier Coll, Dept Math, Whittier, CA USA. [Glaser, Evan R.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mittraparp-arthorn, Pimonsri; Vuddhakul, Varaporn] Prince Songkla Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Hat Yai, Thailand. [Thompson, Janelle R.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM zheng.wang@nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 FU Office of Naval Research via U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research via U.S. Naval Research Laboratory core funds. The opinions and assertions contained herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as those of the U.S. Navy, military service at large, or U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD DEC 11 PY 2013 VL 4 AR 379 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00379 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AB1KI UT WOS:000331550000001 PM 24376440 ER PT J AU Broido, DA Lindsay, L Reinecke, TL AF Broido, D. A. Lindsay, L. Reinecke, T. L. TI Ab initio study of the unusual thermal transport properties of boron arsenide and related materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY; CRYSTALS; BAS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; PHONONS; GAS; BP AB Recently, using a first principles approach, we predicted that zinc blende boron arsenide (BAs) will have an ultrahigh lattice thermal conductivity, kappa, of over 2000 Wm(-1)K(-1) at room temperature (RT), comparable to that of diamond. Here, we provide a detailed ab initio examination of phonon thermal transport in boron arsenide, contrasting its unconventional behavior with that of other related materials, including the zinc blende crystals boron nitride (BN), boron phosphide, boron antimonide, and gallium nitride (GaN). The unusual vibrational properties of BAs contribute to its weak phonon-phonon scattering and phonon-isotope scattering, which are responsible for its exceptionally high kappa. The thermal conductivity of BAs has contributions from phonons with anomalously large mean free paths (similar to 2 mu m), two to three times those of diamond and BN. This makes kappa in BAs sensitive to phonon scattering from crystal boundaries. An order of magnitude smaller RT thermal conductivity in a similar material, zinc blende GaN, is connected to more separated acoustic phonon branches, larger anharmonic force constants, and a large isotope mixture on the heavy rather than the light constituent atom. The striking difference in kappa for BAs and GaN demonstrates the importance of using a microscopic first principles thermal transport approach for calculating kappa. BAs also has an advantageous RT coefficient of thermal expansion, which, combined with the high kappa value, suggests that it is a promising material for use in thermal management applications. C1 [Broido, D. A.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Lindsay, L.] Naval Res Lab, NRC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Reinecke, T. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Broido, DA (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RI Lindsay, Lucas/C-9221-2012 OI Lindsay, Lucas/0000-0001-9645-7993 FU Office of Naval Research; DARPA; National Research Council NRL Research Associateship; S3TEC, an Energy Frontier Research Center; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-09ER46577]; National Science Foundation [1066634] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research (D. A. B., L. L., and T. L. R.) and DARPA (L. L. and T. L. R.). L. L. acknowledges support from a National Research Council NRL Research Associateship. D. A. B. acknowledges primary support from the S3TEC, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-FG02-09ER46577, and also support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1066634. We also thank Natalio Mingo, Jesus Carrete Montana, Saikat Mukhopadhyay, and Derek Stewart for useful discussions. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 49 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 11 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 21 AR 214303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.214303 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 275LY UT WOS:000328679300002 ER PT J AU Pellegrini, G Baselga, M Christophersen, M Ely, S Fadeyev, V Fleta, C Gimenez, A Grinstein, S Lopez, I Lozano, M Micelli, A Phlips, BF Quirion, D Sadrozinski, HFW Tsiskaridze, S AF Pellegrini, G. Baselga, M. Christophersen, M. Ely, S. Fadeyev, V. Fleta, C. Gimenez, A. Grinstein, S. Lopez, I. Lozano, M. Micelli, A. Phlips, B. F. Quirion, D. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Tsiskaridze, S. TI Recent results on 3D double sided detectors with slim edges SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Semiconductor Pixel Detectors for Particles and Imaging (PIXEL) CY SEP 03-07, 2012 CL Inawashiro, JAPAN SP High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, RIKEN SPring 8 Ctr DE Pixel detectors; Radiation hardness; ATLAS; 3D detectors ID SILICON DETECTORS; PIXEL DETECTOR; FABRICATION; SENSORS; CNM; IMB AB This paper reports on the first characterization of double sided 3D silicon radiation pixel detectors with slim edges. These detectors consist of a three-dimensional array of electrodes that penetrate into the detector bulk with the anode and cathode electrodes etched from opposite sides of the substrate. Different detectors were post-processed using the scribe-cleave-passivate (SCP) technology to make "slim edge" sensors. These sensors have only a minimal amount of inactive peripheral region, for the benefit of the construction of large-area tracker and imaging systems. The target application for this work is the use of 3D slim edge detectors for the ATLAS Forward Physics (AFP) CERN Project, where pixel detectors for position resolution and timing detectors for removal of pile up protons, will be placed as close as possible to the beam to detect diffractive protons at 220 m on either side of the ATLAS interaction point. For this reason the silicon areas should feature the narrowest possible insensitive zone on the sensor edge closest to the beam and withstand high nonuniform irradiation fluences. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pellegrini, G.; Baselga, M.; Fleta, C.; Lozano, M.; Quirion, D.] CSIC, IMB, CNM, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Gimenez, A.; Grinstein, S.; Lopez, I.; Micelli, A.; Tsiskaridze, S.] ICREA, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Gimenez, A.; Grinstein, S.; Lopez, I.; Micelli, A.; Tsiskaridze, S.] IFAE, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Ely, S.; Fadeyev, V.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Christophersen, M.; Phlips, B. F.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pellegrini, G (reprint author), CSIC, IMB, CNM, Barcelona 08193, Spain. EM giulio.pellegrini@csic.es RI Fleta, Celeste/D-7303-2014; Quirion, David/K-7597-2014; Christophersen, Marc/B-6795-2008; Grinstein, Sebastian/N-3988-2014; Lozano, Manuel/C-3445-2011; Pellegrini, Giulio/F-4921-2011; OI Fleta, Celeste/0000-0002-6591-6744; Quirion, David/0000-0002-5309-0535; Grinstein, Sebastian/0000-0002-6460-8694; Lozano, Manuel/0000-0001-5826-5544; Pellegrini, Giulio/0000-0002-1606-3546; Baselga, Marta/0000-0002-1533-0876 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2013 VL 731 BP 198 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2013.05.145 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 258VT UT WOS:000327487500038 ER PT J AU Fadeyev, V Sadrozinski, HFW Ely, S Wright, JG Christophersen, M Phlips, BF Pellegrini, G Grinstein, S Dalla Betta, GF Boscardin, M Klingenberg, R Wittig, T Macchiolo, A Weigell, P Creanza, D Bates, R Blue, A Eklund, L Maneuski, D Stewart, G Casse, G Gorelov, I Hoeferkamp, M Metcalfe, J Seidel, S Kramberger, G AF Fadeyev, V. Sadrozinski, H. F-W Ely, S. Wright, J. G. Christophersen, M. Phlips, B. F. Pellegrini, G. Grinstein, S. Dalla Betta, G-F Boscardin, M. Klingenberg, R. Wittig, T. Macchiolo, A. Weigell, P. Creanza, D. Bates, R. Blue, A. Eklund, L. Maneuski, D. Stewart, G. Casse, G. Gorelov, I. Hoeferkamp, M. Metcalfe, J. Seidel, S. Kramberger, G. TI Scribe-cleave-passivate (SCP) slim edge technology for silicon sensors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Semiconductor Pixel Detectors for Particles and Imaging (PIXEL) CY SEP 03-07, 2012 CL Inawashiro, JAPAN SP High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, RIKEN SPring 8 Ctr DE Silicon; Slim edge; Active area; Scribing; Cleaving; Passivation ID STRIP SENSORS AB We are pursuing scribe-cleave-passivate (SCP) technology of making "slim edge" sensors. Such sensors have only a minimal amount of inactive peripheral region, which benefits construction of large area tracker and imaging systems. Key application steps of this method are surface scribing, cleaving, and passivation of the resulting sidewall. We are working on developing both the technology and physical understanding of the processed devices performance. In this paper we begin by reviewing the manufacturing options of SCP technology. Then we show new results regarding the technology automation and device physics performance. The latter includes charge collection efficiency near the edge and radiation hardness study. We also report on the status of devices processed at the request of the RD50 collaborators. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights resented. C1 [Fadeyev, V.; Sadrozinski, H. F-W; Ely, S.; Wright, J. G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Christophersen, M.; Phlips, B. F.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pellegrini, G.] CSIC, CNM, IMB, Barcelona, Spain. [Grinstein, S.] IFAE, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. [Grinstein, S.] ICREA, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. [Dalla Betta, G-F] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. [Dalla Betta, G-F] Univ Trento, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. [Boscardin, M.] CMM, FBK, I-38123 Povo, TN, Italy. [Klingenberg, R.; Wittig, T.] Tech Univ Dortmund, Fak Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Macchiolo, A.; Weigell, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Creanza, D.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bates, R.; Blue, A.; Eklund, L.; Maneuski, D.; Stewart, G.] Univ Glasgow, SUPA Sch Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Casse, G.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, O Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Gorelov, I.; Hoeferkamp, M.; Metcalfe, J.; Seidel, S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kramberger, G.] Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Fadeyev, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM vf@scipp.ucsc.edu RI Boscardin, Maurizio/A-4420-2014; Dalla Betta, Gian-Franco/I-1783-2012; Christophersen, Marc/B-6795-2008; Grinstein, Sebastian/N-3988-2014; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Blue, Andrew/C-9882-2016; Pellegrini, Giulio/F-4921-2011 OI Dalla Betta, Gian-Franco/0000-0001-5516-9282; Grinstein, Sebastian/0000-0002-6460-8694; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Blue, Andrew/0000-0002-7716-5626; Pellegrini, Giulio/0000-0002-1606-3546 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2013 VL 731 BP 260 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2013.03.046 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 258VT UT WOS:000327487500052 ER PT J AU Kataoka, J Tahara, M Totani, T Sofue, Y Stawarz, L Takahashi, Y Takeuchi, Y Tsunemi, H Kimura, M Takei, Y Cheung, CC Inoue, Y Nakamori, T AF Kataoka, J. Tahara, M. Totani, T. Sofue, Y. Stawarz, L. Takahashi, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Tsunemi, H. Kimura, M. Takei, Y. Cheung, C. C. Inoue, Y. Nakamori, T. TI SUZAKU OBSERVATIONS OF THE DIFFUSE X-RAY EMISSION ACROSS THE FERMI BUBBLES' EDGES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; cosmic rays; Galaxy: center; Galaxy: halo; X-rays: ISM ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; NORTH-POLAR SPUR; GALACTIC-CENTER; RADIO SPURS; MILKY-WAY; FOREGROUND EMISSION; REFLECTION-NEBULA; SPIRAL STRUCTURE; STARBURST MODEL; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB We present Suzaku X-ray observations along two edge regions of the Fermi Bubbles, with eight similar or equal to 20 ks pointings across the northern part of the North Polar Spur (NPS) surrounding the north bubble and six across the southernmost edge of the south bubble. After removing compact X-ray features, diffuse X-ray emission is clearly detected and is well reproduced by a three-component spectral model consisting of unabsorbed thermal emission (temperature kT similar or equal to 0.1 keV) from the Local Bubble, absorbed kT similar or equal to 0.3 keV thermal emission related to the NPS and/or Galactic halo (GH), and a power-law component at a level consistent with the cosmic X-ray background. The emission measure (EM) of the 0.3 keV plasma decreases by similar or equal to 50% toward the inner regions of the northeast bubble, with no accompanying temperature change. However, such a jump in the EM is not clearly seen in the south bubble data. While it is unclear whether the NPS originates from a nearby supernova remnant or is related to previous activity within or around the Galactic center, our Suzaku observations provide evidence that suggests the latter scenario. In the latter framework, the presence of a large amount of neutral matter absorbing the X-ray emission as well as the existence of the kT similar or equal to 0.3 keV gas can be naturally interpreted as a weak shock driven by the bubbles' expansion in the surrounding medium, with velocity v(exp) similar or equal to 300 km s(-1) (corresponding to shock Mach number M similar or equal to 1.5), compressing the GH gas to form the NPS feature. We also derived an upper limit for any non-thermal X-ray emission component associated with the bubbles and demonstrate that, in agreement with the aforementioned findings, the non-thermal pressure and energy estimated from a one-zone leptonic model of its broadband spectrum, are in rough equilibrium with that of the surrounding thermal plasma. C1 [Kataoka, J.; Tahara, M.; Takahashi, Y.; Takeuchi, Y.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Totani, T.; Sofue, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Stawarz, L.; Kimura, M.; Takei, Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Tsunemi, H.] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Inoue, Y.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nakamori, T.] Yamagata Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Yamagata 9908560, Japan. RP Kataoka, J (reprint author), Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, 3-4-1 Okubo, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. EM kataoka.jun@waseda.jp RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; OI Inoue, Yoshiyuki/0000-0002-7272-1136 FU Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI; Polish NSC [DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083]; NASA DPR [S-15633-Y] FX We acknowledge the referee for a careful reading and for a number of useful and positive suggestions that helped improve the manuscript. This work is partially supported by the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI. We would like to thank Drs. M. Ishida and N. Yamazaki for useful discussions on the nature of the GH plasma. L. S. was supported by Polish NSC grant DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083. Work by C. C. C. at NRL is supported in part by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. NR 75 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2013 VL 779 IS 1 AR 57 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/779/1/57 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268HD UT WOS:000328160100057 ER PT J AU Nieves-Chinchilla, T Vourlidas, A Stenborg, G Savani, NP Koval, A Szabo, A Jian, LK AF Nieves-Chinchilla, T. Vourlidas, A. Stenborg, G. Savani, N. P. Koval, A. Szabo, A. Jian, L. K. TI INNER HELIOSPHERIC EVOLUTION OF A "STEALTH" CME DERIVED FROM MULTI-VIEW IMAGING AND MULTIPOINT IN SITU OBSERVATIONS. I. PROPAGATION TO 1 AU SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; solar wind; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; RANKINE-HUGONIOT PROBLEM; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC CLOUD; STEREO; EARTH; SHOCK; MORPHOLOGY; MISSION; INSTRUMENT AB Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the main driver of space weather. Therefore, a precise forecasting of their likely geo-effectiveness relies on an accurate tracking of their morphological and kinematical evolution throughout the interplanetary medium. However, single viewpoint observations require many assumptions to model the development of the features of CMEs. The most common hypotheses were those of radial propagation and self-similar expansion. The use of different viewpoints shows that, at least for some cases, those assumptions are no longer valid. From radial propagation, typical attributes that can now be confirmed to exist are over-expansion and/or rotation along the propagation axis. Understanding the 3D development and evolution of the CME features will help to establish the connection between remote and in situ observations, and hence help forecast space weather. We present an analysis of the morphological and kinematical evolution of a STEREO-B-directed CME on 2009 August 25-27. By means of a comprehensive analysis of remote imaging observations provided by the SOHO, STEREO, and SDO missions, and in situ measurements recorded by Wind, ACE, and MESSENGER, we prove in this paper that the event exhibits signatures of deflection, which are usually associated with changes in the direction of propagation and/or also with rotation. The interaction with other magnetic obstacles could act as a catalyst of deflection or rotation effects. We also propose a method to investigate the change of the CME tilt from the analysis of height-time direct measurements. If this method is validated in further work, it may have important implications for space weather studies because it will allow for inference of the interplanetary counterpart of the CME's orientation. C1 [Nieves-Chinchilla, T.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Nieves-Chinchilla, T.; Savani, N. P.; Koval, A.; Szabo, A.; Jian, L. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Vourlidas, A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stenborg, G.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Savani, N. P.] UCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Koval, A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Jian, L. K.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nieves-Chinchilla, T (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM Teresa.Nieves@nasa.gov RI Savani, Neel/G-4066-2014; Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Jian, Lan/B-4053-2010; Nieves-Chinchilla, Teresa/F-3482-2016 OI Savani, Neel/0000-0002-1916-7877; Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Jian, Lan/0000-0002-6849-5527; Nieves-Chinchilla, Teresa/0000-0003-0565-4890 FU NASA SECCHI; NASA [NNX11AD40G]; NASA's Science Directorate as part of the STEREO project, including the IMPACT investigation FX Drs. Nieves-Chinchilla, Vourlidas, and Stenborg are supported by the NASA SECCHI contract to NRL. The work of G. S. was also partly funded by NASA contract NNX11AD40G. The STEREO/SECCHI data used for this study are prepared by an international consortium of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), Naval Research Laboratory USA), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung (Germany), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France), Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France), and Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium). Dr. L. K. Jian's work is funded by NASA's Science Directorate as part of the STEREO project, including the IMPACT investigation. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2013 VL 779 IS 1 AR 55 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/779/1/55 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268HD UT WOS:000328160100055 ER PT J AU Roy, D Roland, CM AF Roy, D. Roland, C. M. TI Reentanglement Kinetics in Polyisobutylene SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLED POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; MOLTEN POLYMERS; SHEAR-FLOW; POLYBUTADIENE SOLUTIONS; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; STRESS RELAXATION; STEADY SHEAR; POLYSTYRENE; BEHAVIOR; TRANSITION AB The rheological properties of a polyisobutylene (PIB) having a molecular weight five times its entanglement molecular weight were measured, along with interrupted shear flow experiments to quantify the time required for structural recovery following steady state shearing in the non-Newtonian regime. The reentanglement kinetics was substantially slower (by more than an order of magnitude) than expectations based on the linear relaxation time of the fully entangled material. This result is in accord with published interrupted shear flow results for concentrated polymer solutions. The retarded recovery of entanglements may underlie other anomalies, for example, the delayed development of autoadhesion (tack) in rubber, the behavior of freeze-dried dilute solutions and the limiting behavior of the molecular weight dependence of the viscosity. It also offers a route to more processable polymers and, being reversible, will not affect the ultimate physical properties. C1 [Roy, D.; Roland, C. M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council/Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. D.R. acknowledges a National Research Council/Naval Research Laboratory postdoctoral fellowship. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 10 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 23 BP 9403 EP 9408 DI 10.1021/ma402074b PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 272CB UT WOS:000328436800026 ER PT J AU Pletsch, HJ Guillemot, L Allen, B Anderson, D Aulbert, C Bock, O Champion, DJ Eggenstein, HB Fehrmann, H Hammer, D Karuppusamy, R Keith, M Kramer, M Machenschalk, B Ng, C Papa, MA Ray, PS Siemens, X AF Pletsch, H. J. Guillemot, L. Allen, B. Anderson, D. Aulbert, C. Bock, O. Champion, D. J. Eggenstein, H. B. Fehrmann, H. Hammer, D. Karuppusamy, R. Keith, M. Kramer, M. Machenschalk, B. Ng, C. Papa, M. A. Ray, P. S. Siemens, X. TI EINSTEIN@HOME DISCOVERY OF FOUR YOUNG GAMMA-RAY PULSARS IN FERMI LAT DATA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: stars; pulsars: general; pulsars: individual (PSRs J0554+3107, J1422-6138, J1522-5735 J1932+1916) ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; BLIND FREQUENCY SEARCHES; SOURCE CATALOG AB We report the discovery of four gamma-ray pulsars, detected in computing-intensive blind searches of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). The pulsars were found using a novel search approach, combining volunteer distributed computing via Einstein@ Home and methods originally developed in gravitational-wave astronomy. The pulsars PSRs J0554+ 3107, J1422-6138, J1522-5735, and J1932+ 1916 are young and energetic, with characteristic ages between 35 and 56 kyr and spin-down powers in the range 6 x 1034-1036 erg s-1. They are located in the Galactic plane and have rotation rates of less than 10 Hz, among which the 2.1Hz spin frequency of PSR J0554+ 3107 is the slowest of any known gamma-ray pulsar. For two of the new pulsars, we find supernova remnants coincident on the sky and discuss the plausibility of such associations. Deep radio follow-up observations found no pulsations, suggesting that all four pulsars are radio-quiet as viewed from Earth. These discoveries, the first gamma-ray pulsars found by volunteer computing, motivate continued blind pulsar searches of the many other unidentified LAT gamma-ray sources. C1 [Pletsch, H. J.; Allen, B.; Aulbert, C.; Bock, O.; Eggenstein, H. B.; Fehrmann, H.; Machenschalk, B.; Papa, M. A.] Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Pletsch, H. J.; Allen, B.; Aulbert, C.; Bock, O.; Eggenstein, H. B.; Fehrmann, H.; Machenschalk, B.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Guillemot, L.; Champion, D. J.; Karuppusamy, R.; Kramer, M.; Ng, C.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Allen, B.; Hammer, D.; Papa, M. A.; Siemens, X.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Anderson, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kramer, M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Ray, P. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pletsch, HJ (reprint author), Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. EM holger.pletsch@aei.mpg.de; lucas.guillemot@cnrs-orleans.fr OI Champion, David/0000-0003-1361-7723; Papa, M.Alessandra/0000-0002-1007-5298; Aulbert, Carsten/0000-0002-1481-8319; Allen, Bruce/0000-0003-4285-6256; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG) FX This work was supported by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG). The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from several agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/ Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. The UBB receiver construction was supported by the ERC under contract No. 279702. Einstein@ Home is supported by the MPG and by US National Science Foundation grants 1104902 and 1105572. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2013 VL 779 IS 1 AR L11 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/779/1/L11 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 263ZA UT WOS:000327845400011 ER PT J AU Tsai, HC Elsberry, RL AF Tsai, Hsiao-Chung Elsberry, Russell L. TI Opportunities and challenges for extended-range predictions of tropical cyclone impacts on hydrological predictions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Extended-range ensemble forecast; Forecast verification ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; TYPHOON-RAINFALL; INTRASEASONAL TIMESCALES; STATISTICAL PREDICTION; MORAKOT 2009; TAIWAN; ENSEMBLE; EVENTS; MODEL; SIMULATION AB An opportunity exists to extend support to the decision-making processes of water resource management and hydrological operations by providing extended-range tropical cyclone (TC) formation and track forecasts in the western North Pacific from the 51-member ECMWF 32-day ensemble. A new objective verification technique demonstrates that the ECMWF ensemble can predict most of the formations and tracks of the TCs during July 2009 to December 2010, even for most of the tropical depressions. Due to the relatively large number of false-alarm TCs in the ECMWF ensemble forecasts that would cause problems for support of hydrological operations, characteristics of these false alarms are discussed. Special attention is given to the ability of the ECMWF ensemble to predict periods of no-TCs in the Taiwan area, since water resource management decisions also depend on the absence of typhoon-related rainfall. A three-tier approach is proposed to provide support for hydrological operations via extended-range forecasts twice weekly on the 30-day timescale, twice-daily on the 15-day timescale, and up to four times a day with a consensus of high-resolution deterministic models. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tsai, Hsiao-Chung; Elsberry, Russell L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tsai, HC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM htsai@nps.edu FU Marine Meteorology section of the Office of Naval Research FX Dr. Hsaio-Chung Tsai is a National Research Council post-doctoral Research Associate. He and Russell Elsberry are supported from funding from the Marine Meteorology section of the Office of Naval Research. Ms. Mary Jordan of the Department of Meteorology and Dr. Frederic Vitart of the ECMWF are acknowledged for their long-term contributions to the ensemble storms on which this research is based. Mrs. Penny Jones provided excellent manuscript preparation support. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 9 PY 2013 VL 506 BP 42 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.12.025 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 283SZ UT WOS:000329268600005 ER PT J AU Basu, R AF Basu, Rajratan TI Effect of carbon nanotubes on the field-induced nematic switching SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALS; ROTATIONAL VISCOSITY; TRANSIENT CURRENT; ALIGNMENT AB A small quantity of carbon nanotubes (CNT) was doped in a nematic liquid crystal (LC), and the LC + CNT hybrid was found to exhibit a faster field-induced nematic switching compared to that of the pure LC. The field-induced switching time was probed by means of the electro-optic response of the samples. The hybrid system also revealed a reduced rotational viscosity and an enhanced dielectric anisotropy. The results suggest that the hybrid system undergoes a faster field-induced switching, as the CNTs favorably alter the rotational viscosity and the dielectric anisotropy of the nematic matrix. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 US Naval Acad, Soft Matter & Nanomat Lab, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Basu, R (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Soft Matter & Nanomat Lab, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM basu@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N001613WX20992]; US Naval Academy FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Award No. N001613WX20992 and the investment grant at the US Naval Academy. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 9 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 24 AR 241906 DI 10.1063/1.4846676 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 275VO UT WOS:000328706500024 ER PT J AU Papeer, J Gordon, D Sprangle, P Botton, M Zigler, A AF Papeer, J. Gordon, D. Sprangle, P. Botton, M. Zigler, A. TI Temporal evolution of femtosecond laser induced plasma filament in air and N-2 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL; CONDUCTIVITY; PULSE AB We present single shot, high resolution, time-resolved measurements of the relaxation of laser induced plasma filaments in air and in N-2 gas. Based on the measurements of the time dependent electromagnetic signal in a waveguide, an accurate and simple derivation of the electron density in the filament is demonstrated. This experimental method does not require prior knowledge of filament dimensions or control over its exact spatial location. The experimental results are compared to numerical simulations of air plasma chemistry. Results reveal the role of various decay mechanisms including the importance of O-4(+) molecular levels. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Papeer, J.; Botton, M.; Zigler, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Gordon, D.; Sprangle, P.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papeer, J (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM evgeny.papeer@mail.huji.ac.il NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 9 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 24 AR 244102 DI 10.1063/1.4838775 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 275VO UT WOS:000328706500105 ER PT J AU Schultes, FJ Christian, T Jones-Albertus, R Pickett, E Alberi, K Fluegel, B Liu, T Misra, P Sukiasyan, A Yuen, H Haegel, NM AF Schultes, F. J. Christian, T. Jones-Albertus, R. Pickett, E. Alberi, K. Fluegel, B. Liu, T. Misra, P. Sukiasyan, A. Yuen, H. Haegel, N. M. TI Temperature dependence of diffusion length, lifetime and minority electron mobility in GaInP SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-PHASE EPITAXY; P-TYPE GAAS; CARRIER MOBILITY; DEVICE SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; MAJORITY; MODEL AB The mobility of electrons in double heterostructures of p-type Ga0.50In0.50P has been determined by measuring minority carrier diffusion length and lifetime. The minority electron mobility increases monotonically from 300 K to 5 K, limited primarily by optical phonon and alloy scattering. Comparison to majority electron mobility over the same temperature range in comparably doped samples shows a significant reduction in ionized impurity scattering at lower temperatures, due to differences in interaction of repulsive versus attractive carriers with ionized dopant sites. These results should be useful in modeling and optimization for multi-junction solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Schultes, F. J.; Haegel, N. M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Christian, T.; Alberi, K.; Fluegel, B.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Jones-Albertus, R.; Pickett, E.; Liu, T.; Misra, P.; Sukiasyan, A.; Yuen, H.] Solar Junct Inc, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. RP Haegel, NM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nmhaegel@nps.edu FU Naval Postgraduate School in part by National Science Foundation [DMR-0804527]; NPS Energy Academic Group; Navy Energy Coordination Office; Department of Energy, Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF); Department of Energy Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX This work was supported at the Naval Postgraduate School in part by National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-0804527 and in part by the NPS Energy Academic Group with funding from the Navy Energy Coordination Office. T. C. acknowledges support from the Department of Energy, Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF), made possible in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, administered by ORISE-ORAU under Control No. DE-AC05-06OR23100. TRPL work at NREL was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under DE-AC36-08GO28308. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 9 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 24 AR 242106 DI 10.1063/1.4847635 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 275VO UT WOS:000328706500039 ER PT J AU Kim, SY Taylor, JD Ladouceur, HD Hart, SJ Terray, A AF Kim, Soo Y. Taylor, Joseph D. Ladouceur, Harold D. Hart, Sean J. Terray, Alex TI Radiation pressure efficiency measurements of nanoparticle coated microspheres SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY; PARTICLES; CELLS AB Experimental measurements of the radiation pressure efficiency (Q(pr)) for several microparticles have been compared to theoretical calculations extrapolated from the Bohren-Huffman code for Mie scattering of coated particles. An increased shift of the Q(pr) parameter was observed for 2 mu m SiO2 core particles coated with nanoparticles of higher refractive indices. Coatings of 14 nm melamine particles were found to increase the Q(pr) parameter 135 times over similar coatings using SiO2 particles of the same size. While a coating of 100 nm polystyrene particles also showed a significant increase, they did not agree well with theoretical values. It is hypothesized that other factors such as increased scatter, drag, and finite coating coverage are no longer negligible for coatings using nanoparticles in this size regime. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Kim, Soo Y.] CNR, Res Associateship Programs, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Taylor, Joseph D.; Ladouceur, Harold D.; Hart, Sean J.; Terray, Alex] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, SY (reprint author), CNR, Res Associateship Programs, 500 5th St NW Keck 568, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM terray@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Laboratory for support of this research. Soo Y. Kim was supported as an NRC Postdoctoral Fellow. The authors would also like to acknowledge Richard A. Flynn and Carlos Lopez-Mariscal for their helpful technical discussions. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 2 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 23 AR 234101 DI 10.1063/1.4836516 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 274VS UT WOS:000328634900104 ER PT J AU Twigg, ME Alldredge, LMB Chang, W Podpirka, A Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM AF Twigg, M. E. Alldredge, L. M. B. Chang, W. Podpirka, A. Kirchoefer, S. W. Pond, J. M. TI Structure and composition of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films deposited on (001) MgO substrates and the influence of sputtering pressure SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Transmission electron microscopy; Barium strontium titanate; Stacking faults; Dislocations; Sputter deposition; Ruddlesden-Popper faults ID (BA,SR)TIO3 THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SRTIO3; BATIO3; SIMULATION; DIFFUSION AB The structure and composition of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films, sputter deposited on (001) MgO substrates, have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Deviations in film stoichiometry are seen to strongly correlate with the structural and dielectric properties of these films, with the films deposited at the lower sputtering pressures either Ti-deficient or capped with a titanium oxide layer similar to the rutile TiO2 phase. Preferential sputtering of cations is found to be an important factor governing film stoichiometry. The Ti-deficient films deposited at a lower sputtering pressure contain Ruddlesden-Popper faults that increase the average lattice constant of the film and result in compressive strain and low dielectric tunability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Twigg, M. E.; Alldredge, L. M. B.; Chang, W.; Podpirka, A.; Kirchoefer, S. W.; Pond, J. M.] Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Twigg, ME (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Podpirka, Adrian/0000-0002-4000-989X FU Office of Naval Research; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The research was performed while two of the authors (L. M. B. A. and A. P.) had a National Research Council Research Associateship Award. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 2 PY 2013 VL 548 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.09.057 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 259MF UT WOS:000327530300028 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JL Agan, BK Tsai, AY Macalino, GE Wurapa, E Mbuchi, M Dueger, E Horton, KC Montano-Torres, SM Tilley, DH Saylors, KE Puplampu, N Duplessis, CC Harrison, DJ Putnam, SD Garges, EC Espinosa, BJ Dejli, J Meyers, M Yingst, SL Jerse, AE Maktabi, HH Burke, RL Jordan, NN Nowak, G Hsu, K Soge, OO Holmes, KK McClelland, RS MacDonald, MR Payin, JA Gaydos, JC Tramont, EC AF Sanchez, Jose L. Agan, Brian K. Tsai, Alice Y. Macalino, Grace E. Wurapa, Eyako Mbuchi, Margaret Dueger, Erica Horton, Katherine C. Montano-Torres, Silvia M. Tilley, Drake H. Saylors, Karen E. Puplampu, Naiki Duplessis, Christopher C. Harrison, Dustin J. Putnam, Shannon D. Garges, Eric C. Espinosa, Benjamin J. Dejli, Jamal Meyers, Mitchell Yingst, Samuel L. Jerse, Ann E. Maktabi, Hala H. Burke, Ronald L. Jordan, Nikki N. Nowak, Gosia Hsu, Katherine Soge, Olusegun O. Holmes, King K. McClelland, R. Scott MacDonald, Michael R. Payin, Julie A. Gaydos, Joel C. Tramont, Edmund C. TI Expanded Sexually Transmitted Infection Surveillance Efforts in the United States Military: A Time for Action SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESISTANT NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; DISEASES-TREATMENT-GUIDELINES; SIMPLEX-VIRUS TYPE-2; GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; QUADRIVALENT VACCINE; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; HIV-INFECTION; NO LONGER; CHLAMYDIA; ARMY C1 [Sanchez, Jose L.; Tsai, Alice Y.; Maktabi, Hala H.; Burke, Ronald L.; Gaydos, Joel C.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Sanchez, Jose L.; Payin, Julie A.; Gaydos, Joel C.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Macalino, Grace E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci USU, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Wurapa, Eyako; Mbuchi, Margaret] US Embassy, US Army Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi 00621, Kenya. [Dueger, Erica; Horton, Katherine C.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Dueger, Erica; Horton, Katherine C.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, GDDRC, Cairo, Egypt. [Montano-Torres, Silvia M.; Tilley, Drake H.] Ctr Med Naval CMST, US Naval Med Res Unit Peru 6, Lima, Peru. [Saylors, Karen E.] Global Viral & Metabiota, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Puplampu, Naiki; Duplessis, Christopher C.] US Naval Med Res Unit 3 Detachment, Legon, Ghana. [Puplampu, Naiki; Duplessis, Christopher C.] Univ Ghana, Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Legon, Ghana. [Harrison, Dustin J.] US Naval Med Res Unit 2, JBPHH, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. [Putnam, Shannon D.] US Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Garges, Eric C.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Prevent Med Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Espinosa, Benjamin J.] US Naval Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Dejli, Jamal] US Naval Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. [Meyers, Mitchell; Yingst, Samuel L.] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Jerse, Ann E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci USC, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Jordan, Nikki N.] USAPHC, Dis Epidemiol Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Jordan, Nikki N.] Army Inst Publ Hlth, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Nowak, Gosia] US Navy & Marine Corps Public Hlth Ctr NMCPHC, EpiData Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Hsu, Katherine] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Div STD Prevent & HIV AIDS Surveillance, Boston, MA 02130 USA. [Soge, Olusegun O.; Holmes, King K.; McClelland, R. Scott] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Soge, Olusegun O.; Holmes, King K.; McClelland, R. Scott] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [MacDonald, Michael R.] Navy & Marine Corps Public Hlth Ctr, Sexual Hlth & Responsibil Program, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Tramont, Edmund C.] NIAID, Div Clin Res, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 11800 Tech Rd,Suite 220, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 58 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 178 IS 12 BP 1271 EP 1280 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00137 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UF UT WOS:000340805800001 PM 24306007 ER PT J AU Biddix, JM Fogel, CI Black, BP AF Biddix, Joseph M. Fogel, Catherine I. Black, Beth Perry TI Comfort Levels of Active Duty Gay/Bisexual Male Service Members in the Military Healthcare System SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GAY AB Before a revision of the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy in 2010, sexual behaviors that lesbian, gay, and bisexual service members disclosed to military healthcare providers (MHCPs) were grounds for discharge. However, after the revision, service members either did not know about the revision, or were still uncomfortable approaching MHCPs. This study examined the comfort levels of active duty gay/bisexual males approaching MHCPs about sexuality/sexual health concerns. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, the 31-item survey developed for this study provided initial research data to inform future studies on this topic. The survey was available to participants from March 2 to April 3, 2012. Analyzing responses from 30 participants, the data revealed a strong correlation between service members' comfort disclosing their sexual orientation to a MHCP and their perception of how the military cares about them as a sexual minority. The data suggested differences in comfort levels among age cohorts disclosing their sexual orientation, in addition to differences between officers and enlisted men concerning the cost of seeing a nonmilitary healthcare provider. MHCPs should understand that establishing a relationship with service members that encourages disclosure can improve their view of the military healthcare system and help address sexual health concerns. C1 [Biddix, Joseph M.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Fogel, Catherine I.; Black, Beth Perry] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Biddix, JM (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 178 IS 12 BP 1335 EP 1340 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00044 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UF UT WOS:000340805800010 PM 24306016 ER PT J AU Yeh, JH Drikas, Z Gil, JG Hong, S Taddese, BT Ott, E Antonsen, TM Andreadis, T Anlage, SM AF Yeh, J-H Drikas, Z. Gil, J. Gil Hong, S. Taddese, B. T. Ott, E. Antonsen, T. M. Andreadis, T. Anlage, S. M. TI Impedance and Scattering Variance Ratios of Complicated Wave Scattering Systems in the Low Loss Regime SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article ID CHAOTIC MICROWAVE CAVITIES; TIME-REVERSAL SYMMETRY; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; STATISTICS; ABSORPTION; REFLECTION; FORMULA; MODELS AB Random matrix theory successfully predicts universal statistical properties of complicated wave scattering systems in the semiclassical limit, while the random coupling model offers a complete statistical model with a simple additive formula in terms of impedance to combine the predictions of random matrix theory and nonuniversal system-specific features. The statistics of measured wave properties generally have nonuniversal features. However, ratios of the variances of elements of the impedance matrix are predicted to be independent of such nonuniversal features and thus should be universal functions of the overall system loss. In contrast with impedance variance ratios, scattering variance ratios depend on nonuniversal features unless the system is in the high loss regime. In this paper, we present numerical tests of the predicted universal impedance variance ratios and show that an insufficient sample size can lead to apparent deviation from the theory, particularly in the low loss regime. Experimental tests are carried out in three two-port microwave cavities with varied loss parameters, including a novel experimental system with a superconducting microwave billiard, to test the variance-ratio predictions in the low loss time-reversal-invariant regime. It is found that the experimental results agree with the theoretical predictions to the extent permitted by the finite sample size. C1 [Yeh, J-H; Taddese, B. T.; Ott, E.; Antonsen, T. M.; Anlage, S. M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Drikas, Z.; Gil, J. Gil; Hong, S.; Andreadis, T.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yeh, JH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM davidyeh@umd.edu RI O, E/F-1630-2015; Hong, Sun/E-9597-2014; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Hong, Sun/0000-0003-4417-8727; Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU ONR/Maryland AppEl Center Task A2 [N000140911190]; Office of Naval Research [N000141310474]; AFOSR [FA95500710049]; NSF-GOALI [ECCS-1158644]; Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials (CNAM) FX We thank the group of A. Richter (Technical University of Darmstadt) for graciously lending us the cut--circle billiard, and H.J. Paik and M. V. Moody for use of the pulsed tube refrigerator cryostat. This work is funded by the ONR/Maryland AppEl Center Task A2 (contract No. N000140911190), the Office of Naval Research (contract No. N000141310474), the AFOSR (grant No. FA95500710049), NSF-GOALI ECCS-1158644, and the Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials (CNAM). NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 EI 1898-794X J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD DEC PY 2013 VL 124 IS 6 BP 1045 EP 1052 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AM4KK UT WOS:000339823100030 ER PT J AU Agrawal, V Archibald, C Bhatt, M Bui, H Cook, DJ Cortes, J Geib, C Gogate, V Guesgen, HW Jannach, D Johanson, M Kersting, K Konidaris, G Kotthoff, L Michalowski, M Natarajan, S O'Sullivan, B Pickett, M Podobnik, V Poole, D Shastri, L Shehu, A Sukthankar, G AF Agrawal, Vikas Archibald, Christopher Bhatt, Mehul Bui, Hung Cook, Diane J. Cortes, Juan Geib, Christopher Gogate, Vibhav Guesgen, Hans W. Jannach, Dietmar Johanson, Michael Kersting, Kristian Konidaris, George Kotthoff, Lars Michalowski, Martin Natarajan, Srimam O'Sullivan, Barry Pickett, Marc Podobnik, Vedran Poole, David Shastri, Lokendra Shehu, Amarda Sukthankar, Gita TI The AAAI-13 Conference Workshops SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The AAAI-13 Workshop Program, a part of the 27th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, was held Sunday and Monday, July 14-15, 2013, at the Hyatt Regency Bellevue Hotel in Bellevue, Washington, USA. The program included 12 workshops covering a wide range of topics in artificial intelligence, including Activity Context-Aware System Architectures (WS-13-05); Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Methods in Computational Biology (WS-13-06); Combining Constraint Solving with Mining and Learning (WS-13-07); Computer Poker and Imperfect Information (WS-13-08); Expanding the Boundaries of Health Informatics Using Artificial Intelligence (WS-13-09); Intelligent Robotic Systems (WS-13-10); Intelligent Techniques for Web Personalization and Recommendation (WS-13-11); Learning Rich Representations from Low-Level Sensors (WS-13-12); Plan, Activity,, and Intent Recognition (WS-13-13); Space, Time, and Ambient Intelligence (WS-13-14); Trading Agent Design and Analysis (WS-13-15); and Statistical Relational Artificial Intelligence (WS-13-16). C1 [Archibald, Christopher] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Bhatt, Mehul] Univ Bergen, Res Ctr, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Bui, Hung] Lab Nat Language Understanding, Sunnyvale, CA USA. [Cook, Diane J.] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cortes, Juan] Univ Toulouse, LAAS CRNS Lab, Toulouse, France. [Geib, Christopher] Drexel Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Gogate, Vibhav] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Comp Sci, Dallas, TX USA. [Guesgen, Hans W.] Massey Univ, Sch Engn & Adv Technol, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Jannach, Dietmar] TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany. [Johanson, Michael] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Kersting, Kristian] IAIS, Min Grp Fraunhofer, Bonn, Germany. [Kersting, Kristian] Univ Bonn, Bonn, Germany. [Konidaris, George] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kotthoff, Lars; O'Sullivan, Barry] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, INSIGHT Ctr Data Analyt, Cork, Ireland. [Michalowski, Martin] Adventium Labs, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Natarajan, Srimam] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat & Comp, Bloomington, IN USA. [O'Sullivan, Barry] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Comp Sci, Cork, Ireland. [Pickett, Marc] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Podobnik, Vedran] Univ Zagreb, Fac Elect Engn & Comp, Dept Telecommun, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. [Poole, David] Univ British Columbia, Dept Comp Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. [Shastri, Lokendra] GM Res, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Shastri, Lokendra] Ctr Knowledge Driven Intelligent Syst, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Shehu, Amarda] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Sukthankar, Gita] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD WIN PY 2013 VL 34 IS 4 BP 108 EP 115 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA AI5FY UT WOS:000336892000008 ER PT J AU Shriver-Lake, LC North, SH Taitt, CR AF Shriver-Lake, Lisa C. North, Stella H. Taitt, Chris Rowe TI BioFeedback Loss of cationic peptides with agarose gel-immobilized tris[2-carboxyethyl]phosphine (TCEP) SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; TRIS(2-CARBOXYETHYL)PHOSPHINE; REDUCTION C1 [Shriver-Lake, Lisa C.; North, Stella H.; Taitt, Chris Rowe] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOTECHNIQUES OFFICE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 EI 1940-9818 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD DEC PY 2013 VL 55 IS 6 BP 292 EP 294 DI 10.2144/000114112 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AI5WY UT WOS:000336941600003 PM 24494223 ER PT J AU LeMoyne, IC AF LeMoyne, I. C. TI THE GUNS AT LAST LIGHT: THE WAR IN WESTERN EUROPE, 1944-1945 SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [LeMoyne, I. C.] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. [LeMoyne, I. C.] US Army, Judge Advocate Gen Legal Ctr & Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 62, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP LeMoyne, IC (reprint author), US Navy, Washington, DC USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN PY 2013 VL 218 BP 291 EP 299 PG 9 WC Law SC Government & Law GA AH7YH UT WOS:000336350800009 ER PT J AU Heeb, N Kastner, J Gutmark, E Kailasanath, K AF Heeb, N. Kastner, J. Gutmark, E. Kailasanath, K. TI Supersonic jet noise reduction by chevrons and fluidic injection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROACOUSTICS LA English DT Article ID CONVERGENT-DIVERGENT NOZZLES; MIXING ENHANCEMENT; SHOCK NOISE; FIELD AB This work focuses on the noise reduction capabilities of chevrons, fluidic injection, and a combination of both. The control mechanisms were experimentally investigated for over, under, and ideally expanded operating conditions. Acoustic far-field data was collected to quantify noise reductions and changes to the flow field through use of theoretical relations. Results show appreciable noise reduction by both fluidic injection and chevrons. Optimal performance of the two technologies occured at opposite ends of the operation envelope, with the chevrons performing better in the underexpanded regime and the fluidics in the overexpanded regime. The combination of the two technologies was also shown to achieve substantial noise reduction, but direct additive benefits were not always gained. This result is still important as it shows fluidic injection can be employed on complex geometry nozzles, such as that on the F-35, and still achieve noise reduction. C1 [Heeb, N.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heeb, N (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM heebns@mail.uc.edu; kastnejy@mail.uc.edu; ephraim.gutmark@uc.edu; kailas@lcp.nrl.navy.mil OI Gutmark, Ephraim/0000-0001-7816-4257 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Jet Noise Reduction (JNR) Project under the Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) program FX This research has been sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Jet Noise Reduction (JNR) Project under the Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) program. Additionally, the first author would like to thank the Ohio Space Grant Consortium (OSGC) for personal support during a portion of this work. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1475-472X J9 INT J AEROACOUST JI Int. J. Aeroacoust. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 12 IS 7-8 BP 679 EP 697 DI 10.1260/1475-472X.12.7-8.679 PG 19 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA AF7XC UT WOS:000334927700003 ER PT J AU Sielski, RA Nahshon, K Salvino, LW Anderson, K Dow, R AF Sielski, Robert A. Nahshon, Ken Salvino, Liming W. Anderson, Karlin Dow, Robert TI The ONR Ship Structural Reliability Program SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ship structural reliability; ULTSTR AB The Office of Naval Research has developed a program to advance the science and technology of ship structures, called the ONR Ship Structural Reliability Program. The program has the strategic long-term vision of the development of technologies suitable for cradle-to-grave life cycle performance analysis and monitoring of ship structural systems, particularly aluminum structures. Research into aluminum is important because so percent of the ships to be built by the U.S. Navy in the next five years will be fabricated either entirely or partially (deckhouse) of aluminum. There are six areas of study under the current structural reliability program: 1. reliability-based structural performance prediction 2. fatigue crack initiation and growth 3. structural health monitoring (SHM) 4. vulnerability of aluminum ship structures to blast effects 5. ice loads 6. hydrodynamic structural loads. In addition, previous work has addressed the areas of sensitization of 5xxx-series aluminum structure, enhancing the U.S. Navy's Ultimate Strength computer program, ULTSTR, to include analysis of aluminum structure, development of the fatigue crack growth prediction tool XFEM, and development of a quantum mechanics-based atomistic framework for crack growth analysis. C1 [Nahshon, Ken] Noval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Dahlgren, VA USA. [Salvino, Liming W.] Off Naval Res Global, Arlington, VA USA. [Dow, Robert] Newcastle Univ, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Sielski, RA (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 EI 1559-3584 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 125 IS 4 BP 61 EP 84 PG 24 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AA2LH UT WOS:000330925600005 ER PT J AU Devred, E Turpie, KR Moses, W Klemas, VV Moisan, T Babin, M Toro-Farmer, G Forget, MH Jo, YH AF Devred, Emmanuel Turpie, Kevin R. Moses, Wesley Klemas, Victor V. Moisan, Tiffany Babin, Marcel Toro-Farmer, Gerardo Forget, Marie-Helene Jo, Young-Heon TI Future Retrievals of Water Column Bio-Optical Properties using the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral remote sensing; phytoplankton; absorption; ocean optics ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DIFFUSE ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS; TURBID PRODUCTIVE WATERS; FLORIDA COASTAL WATERS; SATELLITE OCEAN COLOR; CHLOROPHYLL-A; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; PIGMENT CONCENTRATIONS; REMOTE ESTIMATION; NEURAL-NETWORK AB Interpretation of remote sensing reflectance from coastal waters at different wavelengths of light yields valuable information about water column constituents, which in turn, gives information on a variety of processes occurring in coastal waters, such as primary production, biogeochemical cycles, sediment transport, coastal erosion, and harmful algal blooms. The Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) is well suited to produce global, seasonal maps and specialized observations of coastal ecosystems and to improve our understanding of how phytoplankton communities are spatially distributed and structured, and how they function in coastal and inland waters. This paper draws from previously published studies on high-resolution, hyperspectral remote sensing of coastal and inland waters and provides an overview of how the HyspIRI mission could enable the retrieval of new aquatic biophysical products or improve the retrieval accuracy of existing satellite-derived products (e.g., inherent optical properties, phytoplankton functional types, pigment composition, chlorophyll-a concentration, etc.). The intent of this paper is to introduce the development of the HyspIRI mission to the coastal and inland remote sensing community and to provide information regarding several potential data products that were not originally part of the HyspIRI mission objectives but could be applicable to research related to coastal and inland waters. Further work toward quantitatively determining the extent and quality of these products, given the instrument and mission characteristics, is recommended. C1 [Devred, Emmanuel; Babin, Marcel; Forget, Marie-Helene] Univ Laval, CNRS & U Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City G1V 0A6, PQ, Canada. [Turpie, Kevin R.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Moses, Wesley] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Klemas, Victor V.; Jo, Young-Heon] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Moisan, Tiffany] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Toro-Farmer, Gerardo] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Jo, Young-Heon] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. RP Turpie, KR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, 5523 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM emmanuel.devred@takuvik.ulaval.ca; kevin.r.turpie@nasa.gov; wesley.moses@nrl.navy.mil; klemas@udel.edu; tiffany.a.moisan@nasa.gov; marcel.babin@takuvik.ulaval.ca; torofarmer@mail.usf.edu; marie-helene.forget@takuvik.ulaval.ca; joyoung@udel.eduapk OI Moses, Wesley/0000-0003-3551-6093 FU HyspIRI project FX We are grateful for the input provided by members of the HyspIRI Aquatic Study Group and for the support of the HyspIRI project in the development of this paper. NR 118 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 34 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 5 IS 12 BP 6812 EP 6837 DI 10.3390/rs5126812 PG 26 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 298JB UT WOS:000330318900030 ER PT J AU Au, J Akins, RS Berkowitz-Sutherland, L Tang, HT Chen, Y Boyd, A Tassone, F Nguyen, DV Hagerman, R AF Au, J. Akins, R. S. Berkowitz-Sutherland, L. Tang, H-T Chen, Y. Boyd, A. Tassone, F. Nguyen, D. V. Hagerman, R. TI Prevalence and risk of migraine headaches in adult fragile X premutation carriers SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE fragile X premutation; fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome; headaches; migraine disorders ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; TREMOR/ATAXIA SYNDROME FXTAS; FMR1 MESSENGER-RNA; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; ENERGY-METABOLISM; MENTAL-RETARDATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; ANXIETY DISORDERS; EXPANDED ALLELES; GENE AB FMR1 premutation carriers are common in the general population (1/130-260 females and 1/250-810 males) and can be affected by fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome, fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency, anxiety, depression, hypertension, sleep apnea, fibromyalgia, and hypothyroidism. Here we report the results of a pilot study to assess the prevalence and risk of migraine in FMR1 premutation carriers. Three hundred fifteen carriers (203 females; 112 males) and 154 controls (83 females; 71 males) were seen sequentially as part of a family study. A standardized medical history, physical examination and confirmation of diagnosis of migraine headaches were performed by a physician. The prevalence of migraine was 54.2% in female carriers (mean age/SD: 49.60/13.73) and 26.79% in male carriers (mean age/SD: 59.94/14.27). This prevalence was higher compared to female (25.3%; mean age/SD: 47.60/15.21; p= 0.0001) and male controls (15.5%; mean age/SD; 53.88/13.31; p= 0.0406) who underwent the same protocol and were confirmed to be negative for the FMR1 mutation by DNA testing. We hypothesize that the increased prevalence of migraine headaches in FMR1 premutation carriers is likely related to the mitochondrial abnormalities that have recently been reported. Screening for migraine should be considered when evaluating FMR1 premutation carriers in the future. C1 [Au, J.; Berkowitz-Sutherland, L.; Chen, Y.; Boyd, A.; Hagerman, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Au, J.; Berkowitz-Sutherland, L.; Chen, Y.; Boyd, A.; Hagerman, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis Med Ctr, MIND Inst, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Akins, R. S.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Tang, H-T; Tassone, F.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Nguyen, D. V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Div Biostat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hagerman, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis Hlth Syst, MIND Inst, 2825 50th St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM Randi.hagerman@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU National Institute of Health (NIH) [HD036071, HD02274, RL1 AG032115, RL1 AG032119]; National Fragile X Foundation; MIND Institute; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, a component of the NIH [UL1TR000002]; NIH Roadmap for Medical Research; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [DE019583] FX We very much thank the families and patients who have participated in our research. This work was supported by National Institute of Health (NIH) grants HD036071, HD02274, RL1 AG032115, and RL1 AG032119, the National Fragile X Foundation, and the MIND Institute. This publication was also made possible by grant UL1TR000002 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, a component of the NIH, and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, and grant DE019583 from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. NR 69 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0009-9163 EI 1399-0004 J9 CLIN GENET JI Clin. Genet. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 84 IS 6 BP 546 EP 551 DI 10.1111/cge.12109 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 295BZ UT WOS:000330092900005 PM 23373759 ER PT J AU Chen, YJ Ko, DS Shaw, PT AF Chen, Ying-Jung Ko, Dong Shan Shaw, Ping-Tung TI The generation and propagation of internal solitary waves in the South China Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE internal wave; wave generation; wave propagation; South China Sea ID SOLITONS; OCEAN; RIDGE; FLOW AB The internal wave field in the real-time numerical simulation at the Naval Research Laboratory is analyzed during April-May 2007, a period of intensive field observations in the northern South China Sea. Internal solitary waves are detected in the plots of the surface baroclinic velocity and depth-integrated energy flux. In each diurnal cycle, an internal wave crest with eastward surface velocity arrives at a location west of the Luzon Strait first and is followed by two internal wave troughs of westward surface velocity, in agreement with the arrival of a type-B and then a type-A internal solitary wave described in the literature. Sources of the B-wave and A-wave are consistent with the generation by eastward tidal currents on the western and eastern ridges in the Luzon Strait, respectively. During neap tide, a B-wave and an A-wave switch their daily arrival times to maintain the arrival sequence of an A-wave after a B-wave. Internal waves arriving at a mooring location at the same time each day are B-waves during the neap tide and A-waves during the first half of the spring tide. Otherwise, both A-waves and B-waves have a 1 h delay each day in their daily arrivals. Classification of the internal wave types based on generation gives a coherent pattern of internal wave propagation from the generation region to the continental margin in the South China Sea. The propagation speeds of both waves are higher than that of linear internal waves. C1 [Chen, Ying-Jung; Shaw, Ping-Tung] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ko, Dong Shan] Naval Res Lab, Oceanog Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Shaw, PT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM pt_shaw@ncsu.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0470, N00014-05WX-2-0647] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-10-1-0470 to North Carolina State University and N00014-05WX-2-0647 to D. S. K. We thank the helpful comments from two reviewers. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 6578 EP 6589 DI 10.1002/2013JC009319 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 292TU UT WOS:000329926200017 ER PT J AU Kim, SY Cornuelle, BD Terrill, EJ Jones, B Washburn, L Moline, MA Paduan, JD Garfield, N Largier, JL Crawford, G Kosro, PM AF Kim, Sung Yong Cornuelle, Bruce D. Terrill, Eric J. Jones, Burt Washburn, Libe Moline, Mark A. Paduan, Jeffrey D. Garfield, Newell Largier, John L. Crawford, Greg Kosro, P. Michael TI Poleward propagating subinertial alongshore surface currents off the US West Coast SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE surface currents; high-frequency radar; poleward propagation; coastally trapped waves; wind transfer function; phase speed ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; OCEAN DYNAMICS EXPERIMENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF WAVES; WIND-DRIVEN CURRENTS; TRAPPED WAVES; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SEA-LEVEL; UNITED-STATES; LARGE-SCALE; SEASONAL VARIABILITY AB The network comprising 61 high-frequency radar systems along the U.S. West Coast (USWC) provides a unique, high resolution, and broad scale view of ocean surface circulation. Subinertial alongshore surface currents show poleward propagating signals with phase speeds of O(10) and O(100-300) kmd-1 that are consistent with historical in situ observations off the USWC and that can be possibly interpreted as coastally trapped waves (CTWs). The propagating signals in the slow mode are partly observed in southern California, which may result from scattering and reflection of higher-mode CTWs due to curvature of shoreline and bathymetry near Point Conception, California. On the other hand, considering the order of the phase speed in the slow mode, the poleward propagating signals may be attributed to alongshore advection or pressure-driven flows. A statistical regression of coastal winds at National Data Buoy Center buoys on the observed surface currents partitions locally and remotely wind-forced components, isolates footprints of the equatorward propagating storm events in winter off the USWC, and shows the poleward propagating signals year round. C1 [Kim, Sung Yong] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Div Ocean Syst Engn, Sch Mech Aerosp & Syst Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Cornuelle, Bruce D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Terrill, Eric J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Jones, Burt] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Red Sea Res Ctr, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. [Washburn, Libe] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, ICESS, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Moline, Mark A.] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE USA. [Paduan, Jeffrey D.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. [Garfield, Newell] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geosci, Tiburon, CA USA. [Garfield, Newell] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA USA. [Largier, John L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA USA. [Crawford, Greg] Vancouver Isl Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. [Kosro, P. Michael] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kim, SY (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Div Ocean Syst Engn, Sch Mech Aerosp & Syst Engn, 291 Daehak Ro, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM syongkim@kaist.ac.kr RI Kim, Sung Yong/B-9852-2009; Crawford, Gregory/G-3661-2016; OI Kim, Sung Yong/0000-0003-1962-8992; Crawford, Gregory/0000-0003-3194-4576; Jones, Burton/0000-0002-9599-1593; Kosro, P. Michael/0000-0003-3693-2558; Cornuelle, Bruce/0000-0003-2110-3319 FU Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF), Ministry of Education [2013R1A1A2057849]; Human Resources Development of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea [20114030200040] FX Sung Yong Kim is supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF), Ministry of Education (no. 2013R1A1A2057849) and the Human Resources Development of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (no. 20114030200040), Republic of Korea. Data from this report originate from the following universities and research organizations on the USWC: Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) at University of California, San Diego, University of Southern California, Marine Science Institute at University of California, Santa Barbara, California Polytechnic State University, Naval Postgraduate School, Romberg Tiburon Center at San Francisco State University, Humboldt State University, Bodega Marine Laboratory at University of California, Davis, and Oregon State University. Three USWC Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) regional observing systems-Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS), Central and Northern California Ocean Observing System (CeNCOOS), and Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing System (NANOOS)-are acknowledged for their continued support and advocacy of HFR current measurements for monitoring the oceans. The majority of the HFR network was installed by the State of California's Coastal Ocean Currents Monitoring Program (COCMP) south of 41.1 degrees N and by the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) under NOAA/NSF and Research Internships in Science of the Environment (RISE) under NSF programs north of 41.1 degrees N. The bottom bathymetry from National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), the hourly sea surface heights from Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) in NOAA, and the wind and atmospheric pressure from National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis are used in this study. The two-dimensional linear model for CTWs was graciously provided by Ken Brink of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The order of coauthors is assigned poleward as the direction of CTWs in the northern hemisphere. NR 99 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 6791 EP 6806 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20400 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 292TU UT WOS:000329926200032 ER PT J AU Timko, PG Arbic, BK Richman, JG Scott, RB Metzger, EJ Wallcraft, AJ AF Timko, Patrick G. Arbic, Brian K. Richman, James G. Scott, Robert B. Metzger, E. Joseph Wallcraft, Alan J. TI Skill testing a three-dimensional global tide model to historical current meter records SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE global tides; skill test; HYCOM; tidal currents ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; OCEAN TIDES; INTERNAL TIDES; ACOUSTIC TRANSMISSIONS; SURFACE MANIFESTATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; DEEP-OCEAN; ELEVATIONS; ACCURACY AB We apply several skill tests to assess tidal currents within a three-dimensional, eddy resolving, global ocean circulation model compared to over 5000 observational velocity records spanning 40 years. We examine the skill of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) on a regional, basin, and global scale and in deep versus shallow water. On a global scale, we examine the model tidal kinetic energy (KE) compared to the tidal KE estimated from the observational velocity records. We examine the vertical structure of the model tidal KE by averaging over predetermined depth bins. We also investigate the ability of the model to satisfy the 95% confidence intervals of the individual tidal ellipse parameters. On a basin scale, we determine if any bias exists in model performance with regards to a particular part of the global ocean and further investigate if any variability of model skill exists within the ocean basins by testing the model against smaller subsets of the observations. Our results show that the skill of the nondata assimilative HYCOM is comparable to the skill of the altimetric-constrained model TPXO7.2. HYCOM is shown to have up to 20% higher skill in resolving the Greenwich phase of the tides on a global basis and demonstrates moderate skill in replicating the vertical structure of the tidal currents as represented by the current meters. HYCOM demonstrates up to 20% higher skill than TPXO7.2 for some ocean basins and some ocean regions but exhibits up to 20% weaker skill in the Southern Ocean. C1 [Timko, Patrick G.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Timko, Patrick G.; Arbic, Brian K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Timko, Patrick G.] Bangor Univ, Ctr Appl Marine Sci, Marine Sci Labs, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, Anglesey, Wales. [Richman, James G.; Metzger, E. Joseph; Wallcraft, Alan J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Scott, Robert B.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX USA. [Scott, Robert B.] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Dept Phys, CNRS, Brest, France. [Scott, Robert B.] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, LPO, CNRS, Brest, France. RP Timko, PG (reprint author), Bangor Univ, Ctr Appl Marine Sci, Marine Sci Labs, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, Anglesey, Wales. EM p.timko@bangor.ac.uk OI Arbic, Brian K/0000-0002-7969-2294 FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [N000173-06-2-C003]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-1003, N00014-11-1-0487]; National Science Foundation [OCE-0924481]; NSF [OCE-0960834, OCE-0851457]; Office of Naval Research (ONR); University of Texas Jackson School of Geosciences Development Grant FX We wish to thank those individuals who reviewed our manuscript and provided many useful comments which helped improve the presentation of this work. P.G.T. and B.K.A. acknowledge support from a University of Texas Jackson School of Geosciences Development Grant, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) contract N000173-06-2-C003, Office of Naval Research grants N00014-09-1-1003 and N00014-11-1-0487, and National Science Foundation grant OCE-0924481. R.B.S. acknowledges support from NSF grants OCE-0960834 and OCE-0851457, a contract with the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, and a NASA subcontract to Boston University. This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Navy DSRC. J.G.R., E.J.M., and A.J.W. acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the following project: ONR 6.2 Eddy Resolving Global Ocean Prediction Including Tides. This is contribution NRL/JA/7320-13-1674 and has been approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. This is UTIG contribution 2597. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 6914 EP 6933 DI 10.1002/2013JC009071 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 292TU UT WOS:000329926200040 ER PT J AU Pollman, A di Marzo, M AF Pollman, Anthony di Marzo, Marino TI Derivation of integral energy balance for the manotea facility SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID NATURAL CIRCULATION; CONDENSATION; TRANSIENTS AB Rapid-condensation-induced fluid motion occurs in several nuclear reactor accident sequences, as well as during normal operation. Modeling these events is central to our ability to regulate and ensure safe reactor operations. The UMD-USNA Near One-dimensional Transient Experimental Apparatus (MANOTEA) was constructed in order to create a rapid-condensation dataset for subsequent comparison to TRACE output. This paper outlines a derivation of the energy balance for the facility. A path integral based on mass and energy, rather than fluid mechanical, considerations is derived in order to characterize the physical mechanisms governing MANOTEA transients. This equation is further simplified to obtain an expression that frames transients in term of liquid inventory alone. Using data obtained from an actual transient, the path integral is implemented using three variables (change in liquid inventory, liquid inventory as a function of time, and change in metal temperature) to predict the outcome of a fourth independently measured variable (condenser pressure as a function of time). The implementation yields a very good approximation of the actual data. The inventory equation is also implemented and shows reasonable agreement. These equations, and the physical intuition that they yield, are key to properly characterizing MANOTEA transients and any subsequent modeling efforts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pollman, Anthony] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [di Marzo, Marino] Univ Maryland, Fire Protect Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pollman, A (reprint author), US Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pollman@nps.edu FU University of Maryland; United States Naval Academy discretionary research funds FX This effort was undertaken with financial support from University of Maryland and United States Naval Academy discretionary research funds. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 265 BP 1124 EP 1130 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.10.004 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 294ZD UT WOS:000330085500113 ER PT J AU Simeonov, JA Holland, KT Calantoni, J Anderson, SP AF Simeonov, Julian A. Holland, K. Todd Calantoni, Joseph Anderson, Steven P. TI Calibrating discharge, bed friction, and datum bias in hydraulic models using water level and surface current observations SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydraulic model; remotely sensed currents; friction and discharge calibration; sharp error metrics ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; RIVER DISCHARGE; FLOW RESISTANCE; TIME-SERIES; STAGE; LOAD AB We show that observations of water surface elevation, surface velocity, and bathymetry can be used to calibrate multiple reach-scale parameters such as the discharge, the overall bed friction, and a water surface datum bias in a hydraulic model (FaSTMECH) for the depth-averaged flow in the braided reach of the Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, ID. Remotely sensed surface velocity data acquired during a 2010 field experiment are converted to depth-averaged velocity using a uniform ratio of 0.79 computed from concurrent in situ observation of vertical profiles of velocity. The in situ measured discharge of the Kootenai River was approximately 220 m(3)/s. For given discharge forcing and downstream boundary condition provided by the measured water surface elevation, the FaSTMECH model was used to predict the horizontal variation of the depth-averaged velocity and the water surface elevation over the braided reach. The calibration considered here consists of varying the discharge, the bed friction coefficient and the water surface datum offset to find the combination that minimizes error metrics based on the streamwise profiles of the measured water level and maximum depth-averaged velocity. Composite error metrics that combine water level and velocity measurements are found to be more sensitive with respect to variation of the datum bias and the bed friction. We find that a composite error based on the total head is minimized for a discharge of 220 m(3)/s, friction coefficient of 0.005, and a datum offset of 40 cm. C1 [Simeonov, Julian A.; Holland, K. Todd; Calantoni, Joseph] Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Anderson, Steven P.] Arete Associates, Arlington, VA USA. RP Simeonov, JA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, 1005 Balch Blvd,Code 7434, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM julian.simeonov@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Simeonov, Julian/0000-0002-7554-071X FU Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Strategic Technology Office FX The authors would like to thank the field crews from the Naval Research Laboratory, the Naval Postgraduate School, and Arete Associates for their outstanding contributions to the 2010 Kootenai experiment. We also gratefully acknowledge Jamie MacMahan for providing the NPS water surface elevation data, Gary Barton for providing the USGS multibeam bathymetric data, and Rich McDonald and Jon Nelson (USGS) for assistance with the FaSTMECH model. We thank the three anonymous reviewers, William Plant and Jamie MacMahan for their valuable comments. This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research through base funding of the Naval Research Laboratory. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Strategic Technology Office funded the airborne data collections and analysis of results. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 49 IS 12 BP 8026 EP 8038 DI 10.1002/2013WR014474 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 292UX UT WOS:000329929100015 ER PT J AU Gourdin, G Zheng, D Smith, PH Qu, DY AF Gourdin, Gerald Zheng, Dong Smith, Patricia H. Qu, Deyang TI In situ electrochemical-mass spectroscopic investigation of solid electrolyte interphase formation on the surface of a carbon electrode SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Fischer Symposium CY JUN 03-07, 2012 CL Lubeck, GERMANY DE In situ electrochemical-MS analysis; Asymmetric supercapacitor; Lithiation; SEI layer; Amorphous carbon electrode ID LI-ION BATTERIES; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS; GRAPHITE-ELECTRODES; ETHYLENE CARBONATE; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; FILM FORMATION; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; NEGATIVE ELECTRODES AB The energy density of an electrochemical capacitor can be significantly improved by utilizing a lithiated negative electrode and a high surface area positive electrode. During lithiation of the negative carbon electrode, the electrolyte reacts with the electrode surface and undergoes decomposition to form a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that passivates the surface of the carbon electrode from further reactions between Li and the electrolyte. The reduction reactions that the solvent undergoes also form insoluble and gaseous by-products. In this work, those gaseous by-products generated by reductive decomposition of a carbonate-based electrolyte, 1.2 M LiPF6 in EC/PC/DEC(3:1:4), were analyzed at different stages during the lithiation process of an amorphous carbon electrode. The stages in the generation of gaseous by-products were determined to come as a result of two, 1-electron reduction steps of the cyclic carbonate components of the electrolyte. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also used to investigate the two distinct electrochemical processes and the development of the two phases of the SEI structure. This is the first time that the state of an electrochemical cell during the formation of the SEI layer has been systematically correlated with theoretical reaction mechanisms through the use of in situ electrochemical-MS and impedance spectroscopy analyses. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gourdin, Gerald; Zheng, Dong; Qu, Deyang] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02135 USA. [Smith, Patricia H.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Qu, DY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02135 USA. EM deyang.qu@umb.edu RI Gourdin, Gerald/K-4528-2013; Zheng, Dong/J-9975-2015 OI Gourdin, Gerald/0000-0002-9023-2707; Zheng, Dong/0000-0002-5824-3270 NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 EI 1873-3859 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 112 BP 735 EP 746 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.108 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 292EX UT WOS:000329886100094 ER PT J AU Mckay, P Blain, CA Di Iorio, D Hansell, H AF McKay, Paul Blain, Cheryl Ann Di Iorio, Daniela Hansell, Heath TI Mixing and Turbulence in a Flooding Coastal River SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Mixing processes; Turbulence; River; Discharge; Tides; Mixing length; Friction velocity ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; REYNOLDS STRESS; PART II; TIDAL CHANNEL; FLOW; ADCP; CIRCULATION AB An experimental study of turbulence and vertical mixing was carried out in the lower east Pearl River (Mississippi and Louisiana) during a high-discharge period in February and March of 2010. Direct estimates were made of the time-varying profile of turbulent Reynolds stresses (tau(x)/rho = -(u'w') over bar) through the water column. From this, both the vertical eddy viscosity (Km) and mean vertical mixing time were calculated, and the water column was shown to be vertically well mixed at all times. Segmenting the stresses into stresses due to river discharge and stresses due to tidal flows shows the coequal nature of each component and highlights the ways they vary in importance during different flow regimes. Two simple turbulence models are examined and compared to the measured mixing parameters. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [McKay, Paul; Blain, Cheryl Ann] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Di Iorio, Daniela] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hansell, Heath] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Marine & Environm Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Mckay, P (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Paul.McKay@nrlssc.navy.mil; Cheryl.Ann.Blain@nrlssc.navy.mil; daniela@uga.edu; hhansel2009@my.fit.edu FU NRL 6.2 Core Project "The Performance of a Persistent Riverine Surveillance Network" FX This work was supported under the NRL 6.2 Core Project "The Performance of a Persistent Riverine Surveillance Network." The authors thank Dr. Alan Weideman, Dr. Bill Teague, Mr. Wesley Goode, and Mr. Mark Hulburt for their valuable help with the experimental program. The authors further thank the editor and the three anonymous reviewers for comments which have made this a much improved paper. This paper is NRL contribution number NRL/JA/7320-10-0484. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 18 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 EI 1943-7900 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 12 BP 1213 EP 1222 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000751 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 292JD UT WOS:000329897100001 ER PT J AU Kuciauskas, A Solbrig, J Lee, T Hawkins, J Miller, S Surratt, M Richardson, K Bankert, R Kent, J AF Kuciauskas, Arunas Solbrig, Jeremy Lee, Tom Hawkins, Jeff Miller, Steven Surratt, Mindy Richardson, Kim Bankert, Richard Kent, John TI NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITE METEOROLOGY TECHNOLOGY UNVEILED SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Kuciauskas, Arunas; Solbrig, Jeremy; Lee, Tom; Hawkins, Jeff; Surratt, Mindy; Richardson, Kim; Bankert, Richard] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Miller, Steven] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kent, John] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kuciauskas, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kuciauskas@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1824 EP 1825 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00007.1 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287OH UT WOS:000329551600006 ER PT J AU McCarthy, T AF McCarthy, Tom TI Histories of the Dustheap: Waste, Material Cultures, Social Justice SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [McCarthy, Tom] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McCarthy, T (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 EI 1945-2314 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 100 IS 3 BP 902 EP 903 DI 10.1093/jahist/jat464 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 288LK UT WOS:000329613300135 ER PT J AU Mithaiwala, M Crabtree, C Ganguli, G Rudakov, L Keika, K AF Mithaiwala, Manish Crabtree, Chris Ganguli, Gurudas Rudakov, Leonid Keika, Kunihiro TI Convective amplification of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves from ring-distribution protons in the inner magnetosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE EMIC; magnetosonic; ring distribution ID 1-2 MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; EQUATORIAL MAGNETOSPHERE; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMAPAUSE; INSTABILITIES; GENERATION; DRIVEN; O+ AB The growth of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves due to a ring distribution of hydrogen ions is examined. Though these distributions are more commonly implicated in the generation of equatorial noise, their potential for exciting EMIC waves is considered here. It is shown that since the ring distribution is nonmonotonic in perpendicular velocity, the amplification achieved by this instability is greater than bi-Maxwellian distributions for typical observed anisotropies, because the waves can maintain resonance over a much longer part of its trajectory. For ring speeds (V-r) close to the Alfven speed (V-A), the growth rate is largest at parallel propagation but decreases less rapidly toward oblique angles compared with a bi-Maxwellian and can have a second peak for shorter wavelengths. The ring distribution parallel thermal speed is deduced from the observation of equatorial noise because a statistical survey of this parameter is not available. A ring density to background plasma density of a few percent is sufficient to achieve moderate gain. The gain is also shown to increase with L shell since the perpendicular wave number does not rise as rapidly along the raypath as compared with smaller L. The analysis suggests that EMIC wave activity should be closely associated with equatorial noise. C1 [Mithaiwala, Manish; Crabtree, Chris; Ganguli, Gurudas] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rudakov, Leonid] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Keika, Kunihiro] New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Mithaiwala, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 1111 11th St NW,Unit 302, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manish.mithaiwala@nrl.navy.mil OI Crabtree, Christopher/0000-0002-6682-9992 FU Naval Research Laboratory base program FX This paper is supported by Naval Research Laboratory base program. The authors would like to acknowledge the RBSPICE team of the Van Allen Probe mission for valuable discussions. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 12 BP 7538 EP 7544 DI 10.1002/2013JA019134 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 286ZX UT WOS:000329508900008 ER PT J AU Anguelova, MD Gaiser, PW AF Anguelova, Magdalena D. Gaiser, Peter W. TI Microwave emissivity of sea foam layers with vertically inhomogeneous dielectric properties SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sea foam emissivity; Microwave emissivity; Passive remote sensing; Emissivity model; Foam-covered sea surface; Foam fraction; Whitecap fraction; Sea foam layers ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER THEORY; DENSE MEDIA; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; BREAKING WAVES; OCEAN SURFACE; RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; EXTINCTION RATE; WIND; SPRAY AB We present a radiative transfer model for the emissivity of vertically structured layers of sea foam at microwave frequencies from 1 GHz to 37 GHz. The main features of the model are: (1) Continuous variation in the amount of air in the foam layer depth which affects foam emission through vertically inhomogeneous foam properties. (2) Various radiative terms contributing to foam emissivity, such as upwelling and downwelling emissions within the foam layer, emission of seawater beneath the foam, and multiple reflections of these components at the foam layer interfaces. (3) Distribution of foam layer thicknesses. The dependencies of foam emissivity on foam layer thickness and incidence angle are presented. Analysis of the model sensitivity to input parameters shows that its results are most affected by the choice of the void fraction value at the air-foam interface. Comparisons of the model results to published experimental and modeling data show that with fewer model variables and inputs, and with a single tuning parameter, the model performs as well as, or better than, other physical models. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Anguelova, Magdalena D.; Gaiser, Peter W.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anguelova, MD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7223,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM maggie.anguelova@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research, NRL Program [61153N WU 8967] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, NRL Program element 61153N WU 8967. MA wishes to thank Karen St. Germain for the support of this work in its initial stage. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their careful review and constructive suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 71 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 139 BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.017 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285TK UT WOS:000329417700008 ER PT J AU Hlaing, S Harmel, T Gilerson, A Foster, R Weidemann, A Arnone, R Wang, MH Ahmed, S AF Hlaing, Soe Harmel, Tristan Gilerson, Alexander Foster, Robert Weidemann, Alan Arnone, Robert Wang, Menghua Ahmed, Samir TI Evaluation of the VIIRS ocean color monitoring performance in coastal regions SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ocean color radiometry; Coastal waters; Satellite; VIIRS; MODIS; AERONET-OC; SeaPRISM; Validation; Water-leaving radiance; Angstrom coefficient; Aerosol optical thickness; Atmospheric correction ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; ABOVE-WATER; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; SEAWIFS IMAGERY; TURBID COASTAL; SENSORS AB Ocean color (OC) remote sensing has entered a new phase with the successful deployment of the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite. The representativeness and accuracy of the VIIRS geophysical products need to be assessed before a wide use of these data by the scientific community. As an integral part of the VIIRS sensor calibration and validation efforts, our group has been continuously monitoring the validity of the VIIRS's OC and atmospheric data stream through time-series in-situ data acquired at the observatory sites which are part of the AERONET-OC network. This paper addresses the preliminary evaluations of the VIIRS sensor's performance for retrieving OC data of typical coastal water environments, by carrying out time-series, as well as qualitative and quantitative match-up comparisons analysis between in-situ and satellite retrieved OC data. Initial time-series match-up comparisons carried out for a year period (January to December, 2012) show that VIIRS data exhibits strong temporal and statistical agreements with AERONET-OC data demonstrating a potential in enhanced coastal water monitoring from space. VIIRS data of two NASA-OBPG processing schemes which apply different vicarious calibration gains and NOAA-IDPS system are analyzed based on in-situ data of LISCO and WaveCIS AERONET-OC sites which are located in Long Island Sound and Gulf of Mexico respectively as well as OC retrievals of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor aboard the Aqua satellite. The underlying cause of the discrepancies observed in VIIRS retrieved normalized water-leaving radiances is also investigated. Finally, as the NASA-OBPG and NOAA-IDPS processing schemes for ocean color data of the VIIRS sensor continue to evolve, the results underline the necessity for monitoring and assessing the validity and consistency of VIIRS' ocean color products, especially for coastal waters. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hlaing, Soe; Gilerson, Alexander; Foster, Robert; Ahmed, Samir] CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Harmel, Tristan] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Weidemann, Alan] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Arnone, Robert] Univ So Mississippi, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. [Wang, Menghua] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Gilerson, A (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gilerson@ccny.cuny.edu RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU Office of Naval Research and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; NASA Ocean Color Processing Group FX This work was partially supported by grants from the Office of Naval Research and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We would like to thank the NASA AERONET team for SeaPRISM calibration, data processing, and support of site operations and the NASA Ocean Color Processing Group and NOAA for satellite imagery. We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 139 BP 398 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.013 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285TK UT WOS:000329417700032 ER PT J AU Ragsdale, KM Barrett, BS Testino, AP AF Ragsdale, Kelsey M. Barrett, Bradford S. Testino, Anthony P. TI Variability of particulate matter (PM10) in Santiago, Chile by phase of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Madden-Julian oscillation; Particulate matter; Santiago; Chile; Air pollution ID AIR-POLLUTION; NEURAL-NETWORK; WINTERTIME PRECIPITATION; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; DAILY MORTALITY; PREDICTION; CIRCULATION; RAINFALL; TRENDS; MASS AB Topographical, economical, and meteorological characteristics of Santiago, Chile regularly lead to dangerously high concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) in the city during winter months. Although the city has suffered from poor air quality for at least the past forty years, variability of PM10 in Santiago on the intraseasonal time scale had not been examined prior to this study. The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), the leading mode of atmospheric intraseasonal variability, modulates precipitation and circulation on a regional and global scale, including in central Chile. In this study, surface PM10 concentrations were found to vary by phase of the MJO. High PM10 concentrations occurred during phases 4, 5 and 7, and low concentrations of PM10 occurred during phases 1 and 2. Precipitation, low-troposphere circulation, and lower-troposphere temperatures supported the observed PM10 variability. For example, during phases 1 and 2 (low PM10), precipitation was above normal, morning and evening temperature inversions were less intense than normal, and 900 hPa winds were anomalously westerly. During phases 4, 5 and 7 (high PM10), precipitation was normal to below normal, morning and evening temperature inversions were stronger than normal, and 900 hPa winds were anomalously easterly. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ragsdale, Kelsey M.; Barrett, Bradford S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Testino, Anthony P.] US Navy, Nucl Power Training Unit, Charleston, SC USA. RP Barrett, BS (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM bbarrett@usna.edu FU Naval Academy Research Council FX We would like to thank the Naval Academy Research Council for partial funding of this work. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments to improve the manuscript. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 81 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.09.011 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 285EY UT WOS:000329377600033 ER PT J AU Horesh, A Stockdale, C Fox, DB Frail, DA Carpenter, J Kulkarni, SR Ofek, EO Gal-Yam, A Kasliwal, MM Arcavi, I Quimby, R Cenko, SB Nugent, PE Bloom, JS Law, NM Poznanski, D Gorbikov, E Polishook, D Yaron, O Ryder, S Weiler, KW Bauer, F Van Dyk, SD Immler, S Panagia, N Pooley, D Kassim, N AF Horesh, Assaf Stockdale, Christopher Fox, Derek B. Frail, Dale A. Carpenter, John Kulkarni, S. R. Ofek, Eran O. Gal-Yam, Avishay Kasliwal, Mansi M. Arcavi, Iair Quimby, Robert Cenko, S. Bradley Nugent, Peter E. Bloom, Joshua S. Law, Nicholas M. Poznanski, Dovi Gorbikov, Evgeny Polishook, David Yaron, Ofer Ryder, Stuart Weiler, Kurt W. Bauer, Franz Van Dyk, Schuyler D. Immler, Stefan Panagia, Nino Pooley, Dave Kassim, Namir TI An early and comprehensive millimetre and centimetre wave and X-ray study of SN 2011dh: a non-equipartition blast wave expanding into a massive stellar wind SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE supernovae: general; supernovae: individual: SN 2011dh; radio continuum: general; X-rays: general ID IIB SUPERNOVA 2011DH; RADIO-EMISSION; 1993J; PROGENITOR; ABSORPTION AB Only a handful of supernovae (SNe) have been studied in multiwavelengths from the radio to X-rays, starting a few days after the explosion. The early detection and classification of the nearby Type IIb SN 2011dh/PTF 11eon in M51 provides a unique opportunity to conduct such observations. We present detailed data obtained at one of the youngest phase ever of a core-collapse SN (days 3-12 after the explosion) in the radio, millimetre and X-rays; when combined with optical data, this allows us to explore the early evolution of the SN blast wave and its surroundings. Our analysis shows that the expanding SN shock wave does not exhibit equipartition (epsilon(e)/epsilon(B) similar to 1000), and is expanding into circumstellar material that is consistent with a density profile falling like R-2. Within modelling uncertainties we find an average velocity of the fast parts of the ejecta of 15 000 +/- 1800 km s(-1), contrary to previous analysis. This velocity places SN 2011dh in an intermediate blast wave regime between the previously defined compact and extended SN Type IIb subtypes. Our results highlight the importance of early (similar to 1 d) high-frequency observations of future events. Moreover, we show the importance of combined radio/X-ray observations for determining the microphysics ratio epsilon(e)/epsilon(B). C1 [Horesh, Assaf; Carpenter, John; Kulkarni, S. R.; Kasliwal, Mansi M.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Stockdale, Christopher] Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Stockdale, Christopher] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Fox, Derek B.] Penn State Univ, Eberly Coll Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Frail, Dale A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Ofek, Eran O.; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Arcavi, Iair; Polishook, David; Yaron, Ofer] Weizmann Inst Sci, Benoziyo Ctr Astrophys, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Kasliwal, Mansi M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Quimby, Robert] Univ Tokyo, IPMU, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Cenko, S. Bradley; Nugent, Peter E.; Bloom, Joshua S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nugent, Peter E.; Bloom, Joshua S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Law, Nicholas M.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Poznanski, Dovi; Gorbikov, Evgeny] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Polishook, David] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ryder, Stuart] Australian Astron Observ, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. [Weiler, Kurt W.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Bauer, Franz] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Inst Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Bauer, Franz] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Van Dyk, Schuyler D.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Immler, Stefan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Immler, Stefan] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Immler, Stefan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Panagia, Nino] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Panagia, Nino] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAFCT, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Panagia, Nino] Supernova Ltd, Virgin Gorda, British Virgin, W Ind Assoc St. [Pooley, Dave] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kassim, Namir] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Horesh, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM assafh@astro.caltech.edu RI Horesh, Assaf/O-9873-2016; OI Horesh, Assaf/0000-0002-5936-1156; Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 FU National Science Foundation; CARMA partner universities; NSF [AST-0908886, AST-1211916]; NASA; Israeli Science Foundation; BSF; NASA Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium; CONICYT, Chile [FONDECYT 1101024, FONDAPCATA 15010003]; Programa de Financiamiento Basal; Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio through the Millennium Center for Supernova Science [P10-064-F]; Chandra X-ray Center [SAO GO9-0086D, GO0-11095A]; Hubble Fellowship; Carnegie-Princeton Fellowship; STScI-DDRF; Office of Naval Research; Gary & Cynthia Bengier; Richard & Rhoda Goldman Fund; Sylvia & Jim Katzman Foundation; Christopher R. Redlich Fund; TABASGO Foundation FX We thank the EVLA and CARMA staff for promptly scheduling this target of opportunity. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. Support for CARMA construction was derived from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norris Foundation, the James S. McDonnell Foundation, the Associates of the California Institute of Technology, the University of Chicago, the states of California, Illinois and Maryland, and the National Science Foundation. Ongoing CARMA development and operations are supported by the National Science Foundation under a cooperative agreement, and by the CARMA partner universities. This work made use of data supplied by the UK SSDC. PTF is a fully automated, wide-field survey aimed at a systematic exploration of explosions and variable phenomena in optical wavelengths. The participating institutions are Caltech, Columbia University, Weizmann Institute of Science, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Oxford and University of California at Berkeley. The programme is centred on a 12K x 8K, 7.8 deg2 CCD array (CFH12K) re-engineered for the 1.2-m Oschin Telescope at the Palomar Observatory by Caltech Optical Observatories. Photometric follow-up is undertaken by the automated Palomar 1.5-m telescope. Research at Caltech is supported by grants from NSF and NASA. The Weizmann PTF partnership is supported in part by the Israeli Science Foundation via grants to AG. The Weizmann-Caltech collaboration is supported by a grant from the BSF to AG and SRK. AG further acknowledges the Lord Sieff of Brimpton Foundation. CS is supported by the NASA Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium. FB acknowledges support from CONICYT, Chile, under grants FONDECYT 1101024 and FONDAPCATA 15010003, Programa de Financiamiento Basal, the Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio through the Millennium Center for Supernova Science grant P10-064-F, and Chandra X-ray Center grants SAO GO9-0086D and GO0-11095A. MMK acknowledges support from the Hubble Fellowship and the Carnegie-Princeton Fellowship. NP acknowledges partial support by STScI-DDRF grant D0001.82435. Research at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by funding from the Office of Naval Research. SBC acknowledges generous financial assistance from Gary & Cynthia Bengier, the Richard & Rhoda Goldman Fund, the Sylvia & Jim Katzman Foundation, the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, the TABASGO Foundation, and NSF grants AST-0908886 and AST-1211916. We thank the anonymous referee for his constructive comments. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 436 IS 2 BP 1258 EP 1267 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt1645 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258LP UT WOS:000327461100027 ER PT J AU Stanier, A Browning, P Gordovskyy, M McClements, KG Gryaznevich, MP Lukin, VS AF Stanier, A. Browning, P. Gordovskyy, M. McClements, K. G. Gryaznevich, M. P. Lukin, V. S. TI Two-fluid simulations of driven reconnection in the mega-ampere spherical tokamak SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; GUIDE FIELD; COALESCENCE; ISLANDS; PLASMAS; MAST AB In the merging-compression method of plasma start-up, two flux-ropes with parallel toroidal current are formed around in-vessel poloidal field coils, before merging to form a spherical tokamak plasma. This start-up method, used in the Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST), is studied as a high Lundquist number and low plasma-beta magnetic reconnection experiment. In this paper, 2D fluid simulations are presented of this merging process in order to understand the underlying physics, and better interpret the experimental data. These simulations examine the individual and combined effects of tight-aspect ratio geometry and two-fluid physics on the merging. The ideal self-driven flux-rope dynamics are coupled to the diffusion layer physics, resulting in a large range of phenomena. For resistive MHD simulations, the flux-ropes enter the sloshing regime for normalised resistivity eta less than or similar to 10(-5). In Hall-MHD, three regimes are found for the qualitative behaviour of the current sheet, depending on the ratio of the current sheet width to the ion-sound radius. These are a stable collisional regime, an open X-point regime, and an intermediate regime that is highly unstable to tearing-type instabilities. In toroidal axisymmetric geometry, the final state after merging is a MAST-like spherical tokamak with nested flux-surfaces. It is also shown that the evolution of simulated 1D radial density profiles closely resembles the Thomson scattering electron density measurements in MAST. An intuitive explanation for the origin of the measured density structures is proposed, based upon the results of the toroidal Hall-MHD simulations. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Stanier, A.; Browning, P.; Gordovskyy, M.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [McClements, K. G.; Gryaznevich, M. P.] EURATOM CCFE Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Lukin, V. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stanier, A (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM stanier@jb.man.ac.uk FU STFC; US DoE Experimental Plasma Research program; RCUK Energy Programme [EP/I501045]; European Communities FX This work was funded by STFC, the US DoE Experimental Plasma Research program, the RCUK Energy Programme under grant EP/I501045, and by the European Communities under the Contract of Association between EURATOM and CCFE. To obtain further information on the data and models underlying this paper please contact PublicationsManager@ccfe.ac.uk. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2013 VL 20 IS 12 AR 122302 DI 10.1063/1.4830104 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 282MU UT WOS:000329176800021 ER PT J AU Wilson, B Tavakoli, H DeCecchis, D Mahadev, V AF Wilson, Bryan Tavakoli, Hamid DeCecchis, Daniel Mahadev, Vimukta TI Synthetic Cannabinoids, Synthetic Cathinones, and Other Emerging Drugs of Abuse SO PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID SALVIA-DIVINORUM; SPICE; ENDOCANNABINOIDS; INTOXICATION; HALLUCINOGEN; SALVINORIN C1 [Tavakoli, Hamid] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Psychiat, Consultat Liaison Serv, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Tavakoli, Hamid] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [DeCecchis, Daniel] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Tavakoli, H (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM Hamid.Tavakoli@med.navy.mil NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0048-5713 EI 1938-2456 J9 PSYCHIAT ANN JI Psychiatr. Ann. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 43 IS 12 BP 558 EP 564 DI 10.3928/00485713-20131206-08 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 282SM UT WOS:000329193400009 ER PT J AU Gehrels, N Razzaque, S AF Gehrels, Neil Razzaque, Soebur TI Gamma-ray bursts in the swift-Fermi era SO FRONTIERS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE gamma-ray bursts (GRBs); Swift; Fermi ID HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; SHORT GRB 090510; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; INTERNAL SHOCK MODEL; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; X-RAY; PROMPT EMISSION; BLACK-HOLE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SPECTRAL COMPONENT AB Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most violent occurrences in the universe. They are powerful explosions, visible to high redshift, and thought to be the signature of black hole birth. They are highly luminous events and provide excellent probes of the distant universe. GRB research has greatly advanced over the past 10 years with the results from Swift, Fermi and an active follow-up community. In this review we survey the interplay between these recent observations and the theoretical models of the prompt GRB emission and the subsequent afterglows. C1 [Gehrels, Neil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Razzaque, Soebur] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Razzaque, Soebur] Naval Res Lab Washington, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gehrels, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM neil.gehrels@nasa.gov; srazzaqu@gmu.edu FU NASA Fermi Guest Investigator program FX We thank John Cannizzo and Charles Dermer for valuable consultation and comments on this paper. All data from the Swift and Fermi observatories are publicly available through NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC) at http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/. Work of S.R. was supported by NASA Fermi Guest Investigator program and was performed at the Naval Research Lab while under contract. NR 204 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS PI BEIJING PA NO 4 DEWAI DAJIE, BEIJING 100120, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 2095-0462 J9 FRONT PHYS-BEIJING JI Front. Phys. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 8 IS 6 BP 661 EP 678 DI 10.1007/s11467-013-0282-3 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 278PH UT WOS:000328901700004 ER PT J AU Francis, SA Cress, CD McClory, JW Moore, EA Petrosky, JC AF Francis, S. Ashley Cress, Cory D. McClory, John W. Moore, Elizabeth A. Petrosky, James C. TI Characterization of Radiation Damage in Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th annual IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 08-12, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA DE Carbon nanotube field effect transistor; charge pumping; interface traps; radiation effects ID CHARGE-PUMPING MEASUREMENTS; INTERFACE-TRAP FORMATION; KAPPA GATE DIELECTRICS; OXYGEN-ADSORPTION; SI-SIO2 INTERFACE; MOS-TRANSISTORS; OXIDES; GRAPHITE; DEVICES; TRANSPARENT AB Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with Al2O3 gate dielectrics have been characterized before and after 1 MeV electron irradiation. Pre-irradiation interface trap densities determined by charge pumping measurements were on the order of 10(11) cm(-2)eV(-1). Following irradiation to fluences 10(16) of e/cm(2) and 10(17) e/cm(2), the measured interface trap densities decreased significantly for all devices. This result is largely attributed to the removal of molecular adsorbates that act as trap sites on the nanotubes (de-doping) while the devices are irradiated under vacuum. Negative shifts in the transistor I-V curves with irradiation indicate radiation-induced hole trapping in the gate dielectric, with some recovery after room temperature annealing. No significant changes were observed in the Raman spectra following irradiation, indicating the intrinsic structure of the carbon nanotubes remained unchanged. These results suggest that the radiation response of these devices is dominated by charge trapping in the oxide layers and at the carbon nanotube surfaces. Furthermore, the charge pumping technique can be used as a tool for probing surface adsorbates in carbon nanotube devices, and elucidating their role in the device radiation response. C1 [Francis, S. Ashley; McClory, John W.; Petrosky, James C.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cress, Cory D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Moore, Elizabeth A.] Wyle, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Francis, SA (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sarah.francis.ctr@afit.edu; cory.cress@nrl.navy.mil; jmcclory@afit.edu; elizabeth.moore.ctr@us.af.mil; james.pet-rosky@afit.edu OI McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729; Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU Air Force Nuclear Weapon Center [F2KTAS214G001]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Nuclear Weapon Center (Grant No. F2KTAS214G001) and in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 29 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 6 BP 4087 EP 4093 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2284542 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 279NY UT WOS:000328967900007 ER PT J AU Lourenco, NE Phillips, SD England, TD Cardoso, AS Fleetwood, ZE Moen, KA McMorrow, D Warner, JH Buchner, SP Paki-Amouzou, P Pekarik, J Harame, D Raman, A Turowski, M Cressler, JD AF Lourenco, Nelson E. Phillips, Stanley D. England, Troy D. Cardoso, Adilson S. Fleetwood, Zachary E. Moen, Kurt A. McMorrow, Dale Warner, Jeffrey H. Buchner, Stephen P. Paki-Amouzou, Pauline Pekarik, Jack Harame, David Raman, Ashok Turowski, Marek Cressler, John D. TI An Investigation of Single-Event Effects and Potential SEU Mitigation Strategies in Fourth-Generation, 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th annual IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 08-12, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA DE Inverse-mode operation; mixed-mode simulation; radiation hardening; SEE; SET; SEU; SiGe HBT; single-event effects; single-event transient; single-event upset; TCAD ID DESIGNING ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS; DEEP TRENCH ISOLATION; INVERSE-MODE; RHBD TECHNIQUES; HBT LOGIC; OPERATION; CIRCUITS AB The single-event effect sensitivity of fourth-generation, 90 nm SiGe HBTs is investigated. Inverse-mode, >= 1.0 Gbps SiGe digital logic using standard, unoptimized, fourth-generation SiGe HBTs is demonstrated and the inverse-mode shift register exhibited a reduction in bit-error cross section across all ion-strike LETs. Ion-strike simulations on dc calibrated, 3-D TCAD SiGe HBT models show a reduction in peak current transient magnitude and a reduction in overall transient duration for bulk SiGe HBTs operating in inverse mode. These improvements in device-level SETs are attributed to the electrical isolation of the physical emitter from the subcollector-substrate junction and the high doping in the SiGe HBT base and emitter, suggesting that SiGe BiCMOS technology scaling will drive further improvements in inverse-mode device and circuit-level SEE. Two-photon absorption experiments at NRL support the transient mechanisms described in the device-level TCAD simulations. Fully-coupled mixed-mode simulations predict large improvements in circuit-level SEU for inverse-mode SiGe HBTs in multi-Gbps, inverse-mode digital logic. C1 [Lourenco, Nelson E.; England, Troy D.; Cardoso, Adilson S.; Fleetwood, Zachary E.; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Phillips, Stanley D.] Texas Instruments Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Moen, Kurt A.] TowerJazz Semicond, Newport Beach, CA 92660 USA. [McMorrow, Dale; Warner, Jeffrey H.; Buchner, Stephen P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Paki-Amouzou, Pauline] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Pekarik, Jack; Harame, David] IBM Microelect, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. [Raman, Ashok] CFD Res Corp, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Turowski, Marek] Robust Chip Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. RP Lourenco, NE (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM nlourenco@gatech.edu; stan.phillips@ti.com; kurt.moen@towerjazz.com; dale.mcmorrow@nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.warner@nrl.navy.mil; cressler@ece.gatech.edu FU NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) program; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-09-C-0031]; CFD Research Corporation; IBM FX This work was supported under the NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) program, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under contract HDTRA1-09-C-0031, CFD Research Corporation, and IBM. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 6 BP 4175 EP 4183 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2290301 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 279NY UT WOS:000328967900019 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Khachatrian, A Roche, NJH Warner, JH Buchner, SP Kanyogoro, N Melinger, JS Pouget, V Larue, C Hurst, A Kagey, D AF McMorrow, Dale Khachatrian, Ani Roche, Nicolas J-H Warner, Jeffrey H. Buchner, Stephen P. Kanyogoro, Nderitu Melinger, Joseph S. Pouget, Vincent Larue, Camille Hurst, Alan, Jr. Kagey, Dan TI Single-Event Upsets in Substrate-Etched CMOS SOI SRAMs Using Ultraviolet Optical Pulses With Sub-Micrometer Spot Size SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th annual IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 08-12, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA DE Heavy ions; laser; silicon substrate; single-event upset; SOI; SRAM; XeF2 ID LASER; SEU AB Ultraviolet optical pulses with a full-width-at-half-maximum diameter focused spot size of 0.32 mu m are generated, characterized, and used to produce SEUs in a 90 nm CMOS/SOI SRAM. The results provide unequivocal experimental evidence for cell-to-cell variations in SEU sensitivity that can be identified with process variations at the individual transistor level. C1 [McMorrow, Dale; Roche, Nicolas J-H; Warner, Jeffrey H.; Buchner, Stephen P.; Melinger, Joseph S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Khachatrian, Ani; Kanyogoro, Nderitu] Sotera Def, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Khachatrian, Ani; Kanyogoro, Nderitu] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J-H] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Pouget, Vincent; Larue, Camille] IMS Univ Bordeaux, F-33405 Talence, France. [Hurst, Alan, Jr.] Trusted Semicond Soulut Inc, Anoka, MN 55303 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mc-morrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the Office of Naval Research. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 6 BP 4184 EP 4191 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2290307 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 279NY UT WOS:000328967900020 ER PT J AU Livingstone, J Prokopovich, DA Tran, LT Guatelli, S Petasecca, M Lerch, MLF Reinhard, MI Perevertaylo, VL Ziegler, JF Zaider, M Rosenfeld, AB AF Livingstone, Jayde Prokopovich, Dale A. Tran, Linh T. Guatelli, Susanna Petasecca, Marco Lerch, Michael L. F. Reinhard, Mark I. Perevertaylo, Vladimir L. Ziegler, James F. Zaider, Marco Rosenfeld, Anatoly B. TI Charge Collection in n-SOI Planar Microdosimeters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th annual IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 08-12, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA DE Ion beams; microdosimetry; silicon-on-insulator (SOI); space radiation ID SOLID-STATE MICRODOSIMETRY; SILICON MICRODOSIMETER; SPACE APPLICATIONS; PROTON THERAPY; HEAVY-IONS; FABRICATION AB An n-SOI microdosimeter which has been proposed as a device for predicting the occurrence of single event effects in semiconductor electronics in the high-energy, mixed heavy ion space radiation environment has been investigated to better understand the charge collection geometry and charge collection mechanisms. Ion beam induced charge collection studies using 20 MeV C ions, 5.5 MeV He ions, and 2 MeV H ions were carried out, and the effects of different bias conditions, angles of ion incidence, and coincidence analysis were observed to understand the sensitive volume geometry. The energy response of the n-SOI microdosimeter has been observed to exhibit an over-response of 56%, 113%, and 23% for the above ions compared to expected energy depositions calculated using SRIM 2008. No relationship between particle LET AU: Please provide spelling for "LET" and the enhance energy response was apparent. A comparison of experimentally measured and simulated spectra suggest a cylindrical charge collection geometry despite the physical rectangular parallelepiped geometry of the p-i-n diode. This was supported by observing the response of the microdosimeter to ions at oblique ion incidence. A simplified model of diffusion charge collection found that diffusion charge collection contributes to the low-energy tail observed in experimental spectra, but does not account for the observed enhanced energy response. This supports the current theory that the enhanced energy response is a result of a displacement current produced when charge carriers in the substrate induce charge in the SOI layer due to the parasitic capacitance of the buried SiO insulating layer. C1 [Livingstone, Jayde; Tran, Linh T.; Petasecca, Marco; Lerch, Michael L. F.; Rosenfeld, Anatoly B.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Radiat Phys, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Prokopovich, Dale A.; Reinhard, Mark I.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Mat Engn, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. [Perevertaylo, Vladimir L.] SPA BIT, Inst Microdevices, UA-01004 Kieve, Ukraine. [Ziegler, James F.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Zaider, Marco] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Livingstone, J (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Radiat Phys, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. EM jl883@uowmail.edu.au; dpr@ansto.gov.au; tlt822@uowmail.edu.au; marcop@uow.edu.au; mlerch@uow.edu.au; mrz@ansto.gov.au; Ziegler@SRIM.org; anatoly@uow.edu.au RI Guatelli, Susanna/C-2896-2014; Lerch, Michael/C-3303-2014; Petasecca, Marco/C-6436-2014; Rosenfeld, Anatoly/D-1989-2014; OI Zaider, Marco/0000-0002-5113-7862 FU Australian Research Council [DP1096600]; National Space and Biomedical Research Institute; Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE) FX This work was supported by the Australian Research Council under Grant DP1096600) and the National Space and Biomedical Research Institute. J. Livingstone would like to acknowledge the support of the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE). NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 6 BP 4289 EP 4296 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2283307 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 279NY UT WOS:000328967900035 ER PT J AU Atkinson, NM Holman, WT Kauppila, JS Loveless, TD Hooten, NC Witulski, AF Bhuva, BL Massengill, LW Zhang, EX Warner, JH AF Atkinson, Nicholas M. Holman, W. Timothy Kauppila, Jeffrey S. Loveless, T. Daniel Hooten, Nicholas C. Witulski, Arthur F. Bhuva, Bharat L. Massengill, Lloyd W. Zhang, En Xia Warner, Jeffrey H. TI The Quad-Path Hardening Technique for Switched-Capacitor Circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th annual IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 08-12, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA DE Analog/mixed-signal; analog single-event transients; sample/hold; single-event effects; switched capacitor ID ANALOG MOS SWITCHES; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; CHARGE INJECTION; MITIGATION AB A novel "quad-path" radiation hardening technique is implemented in a switched-capacitor sample/hold amplifier and validated by laser testing. The proposed technique eliminates the signal-range limitations of the original dual-path hardening technique by using both n- and p-type switches with separate dual and complementary signal paths. Single-event effect sample errors are reduced by up to 90%, with minimal speed, power and area penalties. C1 [Atkinson, Nicholas M.; Holman, W. Timothy; Kauppila, Jeffrey S.; Loveless, T. Daniel; Hooten, Nicholas C.; Witulski, Arthur F.; Bhuva, Bharat L.; Massengill, Lloyd W.; Zhang, En Xia] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Warner, Jeffrey H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Atkinson, NM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM nick.atkinson@vanderbilt.edu RI Loveless, Thomas/C-7132-2016 FU Draper Laboratory; Defense Threat Reduction Agency Rad-Hard Microelectronics Program [HDTRA1-09-C-003] FX This work was supported in part by Draper Laboratory and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Rad-Hard Microelectronics Program, contract number HDTRA1-09-C-003. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 6 BP 4356 EP 4361 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2282312 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 279NY UT WOS:000328967900043 ER PT J AU England, TD Arora, R Fleetwood, ZE Lourenco, NE Moen, KA Cardoso, AS McMorrow, D Roche, NJH Warner, JH Buchner, SP Paki, P Sutton, AK Freeman, G Cressler, JD AF England, Troy D. Arora, Rajan Fleetwood, Zachary E. Lourenco, Nelson E. Moen, Kurt A. Cardoso, Adilson S. McMorrow, Dale Roche, Nicolas J-H. Warner, Jeffery H. Buchner, Stephen P. Paki, Pauline Sutton, Akil K. Freeman, Greg Cressler, John D. TI An Investigation of Single Event Transient Response in 45-nm and 32-nm SOI RF-CMOS Devices and Circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th annual IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 08-12, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA DE Cascode amplifier; RF CMOS; silicon on insulator; single event transient ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; HEAVY-IONS; TECHNOLOGIES; BULK AB This paper uses charge deposition by two-photon absorption to present the first investigation of the physical mechanisms underlying the single event transient (SET) response of cascode structures in a 45-nm RF-CMOS/SOI technology, provides the first experimental comparison of SET between 45-nm and 32-nm RF-CMOS/SOI devices, and presents implications for circuit design in both technologies. This work leverages a number of different device types and is supported by calibrated TCAD simulations. C1 [England, Troy D.; Arora, Rajan; Fleetwood, Zachary E.; Lourenco, Nelson E.; Moen, Kurt A.; Cardoso, Adilson S.; Cressler, John D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McMorrow, Dale; Roche, Nicolas J-H.; Warner, Jeffery H.; Buchner, Stephen P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J-H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Paki, Pauline] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Sutton, Akil K.; Freeman, Greg] IBM Semicond Res & Dev Ctr, Hopewell Jct, NY 12533 USA. RP England, TD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM tengland3@gatech.edu OI Moen, Kurt/0000-0001-7697-8636 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-09-C-0031]; NASA-NEPP; IBM FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under contract HDTRA1-09-C-0031, NASA-NEPP, and IBM. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 6 BP 4405 EP 4411 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2289368 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 279NY UT WOS:000328967900051 ER PT J AU Zanchi, A Buchner, S Lotfi, Y Hisano, S Hafer, C Kerwin, DB AF Zanchi, Alfio Buchner, Stephen Lotfi, Younes Hisano, Shinichi Hafer, Craig Kerwin, David B. TI Correlation of Pulsed-Laser Energy and Heavy-Ion LET by Matching Analog SET Ensemble Signatures and Digital SET Thresholds SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th annual IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 08-12, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA DE Analog-to-digital converter (ADC); analog single event transient (ASET); digital single event transient (DSET); heavy-ion testing; laser pulse width; pulsed laser; radiation hardness assurance; single event effect (SEE); single-photon absorption (SPA); voltage supervisor circuit ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; WIDTHS; LIGHT AB The quantitative correlation between the incident energy of a laser pulse and the Linear Energy Transfer (LET) of a heavy-ion beam is verified up to very high energy levels, by comparing the scatter plots of amplitude vs. duration of ensembles of Analog Single Event Transients (ASETs) generated with both methods in a complex CMOS RadHard Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The same energy correlation is then confirmed in a more traditional way, by matching the onset energy thresholds of Digital SETs (DSETs) of a comparator-based voltage supervisor circuit. The observed dependency of the upset threshold on the circuit response time leads to a more general discussion of the influence that laser pulse-widths have on the SET sensitivity of mixed-signal circuits. Preliminary to this study, the energy of the laser apparatus at the Aeroflex facility was aligned to that of the NRL laser by comparing the transient shapes produced when a p-n photodiode, previously used for similar comparison purposes, was irradiated. C1 [Zanchi, Alfio; Lotfi, Younes; Hisano, Shinichi; Hafer, Craig; Kerwin, David B.] Aeroflex Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. [Buchner, Stephen] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zanchi, A (reprint author), Aeroflex Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. EM alfio.zanchi@aeroflex.com; stephen.buchner.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; younes.lotfi@aeroflex.com; shin.hisano@aeroflex.com; craig.hafer@aeroflex.com; david.kerwin@aeroflex.com FU DTRA RHM program FX The authors acknowledge their colleagues Fred Sievert and Erik Karlson of Aeroflex Colorado Springs for their logistical support during the heavy-ion radiation tests. The help of Bruce Hyman, Vladimir Horvat and Brian Roeder at the Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute enabled the collection of all broad-beam data and is hereby recognized. Finally, a note of thanks goes to Nicolas Roche and Jeff Warner of the NRL staff for sharing their views about the mechanisms of upset of the voltage supervisor comparator. Steve Buchner's contribution to this work was supported in part by the DTRA RHM program. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 6 BP 4412 EP 4420 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2279653 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 279NY UT WOS:000328967900052 ER PT J AU Roig, F Dusseau, L Khachatrian, A Roche, NJH Privat, A Vaille, JR Boch, J Warner, JH Saigne, F Buchner, SP McMorrow, D Ribeiro, P Auriel, G Azais, B Marec, R Calvel, P Bezerra, F Ecoffet, R AF Roig, Fabien Dusseau, L. Khachatrian, A. Roche, N. J-H. Privat, A. Vaille, J-R. Boch, J. Warner, J. H. Saigne, F. Buchner, S. P. McMorrow, D. Ribeiro, P. Auriel, G. Azais, B. Marec, R. Calvel, P. Bezerra, F. Ecoffet, R. TI Modeling and Investigations on TID-ASETs Synergistic Effect in LM124 Operational Amplifier From Three Different Manufacturers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th annual IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 08-12, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA DE Bipolar analog integrated circuits; circuit modeling; ionizing dose; single event transient; transient response ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; LINEAR INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; DOSE-RATE IRRADIATION; INDUCED DEGRADATION; BIPOLAR; RADIATION; IMPACT AB The synergistic effect between Total Ionizing Dose (TID) and Analog Single Event Transient (ASET) in LM124 operational amplifiers (opamps) from three different manufacturers is investigated. This effect is clearly identified on only two manufacturers by three, highlighting manufacturer dependent. In fact, significant variations were observed on both the TID sensitivity and the ASET response of LM124 devices from different manufacturers. Hypotheses are made on the cause of the differences observed. A previously developed ASET simulation tool is used to model the transient response. The effects of TID on devices are taken into account in the model by injecting the variations of key electrical parameters obtained during Co-60 irradiation. An excellent agreement is observed between the experimental responses and the model outputs, independently of the TID level, the bias configuration and the manufacturer of the device. C1 [Roig, Fabien; Ribeiro, P.; Auriel, G.] Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, CEA Gramat, F-46500 Gramat, France. [Roig, Fabien] Univ Montpellier 2, IES UMR CNRS 5214, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Dusseau, L.; Privat, A.; Vaille, J-R.; Boch, J.; Saigne, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, IES UMR CNRS 5214 UM2, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Khachatrian, A.; Roche, N. J-H.; Warner, J. H.; Buchner, S. P.; McMorrow, D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Azais, B.] DGA, F-92221 Bagneux, France. [Marec, R.; Calvel, P.] Thales Alenia Space, F-31037 Toulouse 1, France. [Bezerra, F.; Ecoffet, R.] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. RP Roig, F (reprint author), Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, CEA Gramat, F-46500 Gramat, France. EM rabien.roig@CEA.fr FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory for their support with this work. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 6 BP 4430 EP 4438 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2280294 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 279NY UT WOS:000328967900054 ER PT J AU Comfort, ES Rodgers, MP Allen, W Gausepohl, SC Zhang, EXX Alles, ML Hughes, HL McMarr, PJ Lee, JU AF Comfort, Everett S. Rodgers, Martin P. Allen, William Gausepohl, Steve C. Zhang, Enxia X. Alles, Michael L. Hughes, Harold L. McMarr, Patrick J. Lee, Ji Ung TI Intrinsic Tolerance to Total Ionizing Dose Radiation in Gate-All-Around MOSFETs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th annual IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 08-12, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA DE Gate-all-around; radiation effects; total ionizing dose; x-ray radiation ID SHALLOW-TRENCH ISOLATION; MOS-TRANSISTORS; DEVICES; TECHNOLOGIES; CHARGE AB We measured the total ionizing dose response of gate-all-around silicon nanowire n- and pMOSFETs to x-ray doses up to 2Mrad(SiO2). We show that they are radiation hard, with no degradation in threshold voltage, off-state current, or subthreshold slope, even at the highest dose for a wide range of bias conditions. We attribute this to the intrinsically rad-hard feature of the gate-all-around device design, where the channel is no longer in contact with any insulating layers that could form a parasitic channel. C1 [Comfort, Everett S.; Rodgers, Martin P.; Allen, William; Gausepohl, Steve C.; Lee, Ji Ung] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Zhang, Enxia X.; Alles, Michael L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Hughes, Harold L.; McMarr, Patrick J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Comfort, ES (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM jlee1@ua-mail.albany.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency MIPR [HDTRA 135701]; NRL Grant [N00173111G009] FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency MIPR # HDTRA 135701 and in part by a NRL Grant (N00173111G009).. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 6 BP 4483 EP 4487 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2280247 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 279NY UT WOS:000328967900062 ER PT J AU Proie, RM Polcawich, RG Cress, CD Sanchez, LM Grobicki, AD Pulskamp, JS Roche, NJH AF Proie, Robert M., Jr. Polcawich, Ronald G. Cress, Cory D. Sanchez, Luz M. Grobicki, Alden D. Pulskamp, Jeffrey S. Roche, Nicolas J-H. TI Total Ionizing Dose Effects in Piezoelectric MEMS Relays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th annual IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 08-12, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA DE Digital circuits; low-power electronics; microelectromechanical systems; piezoelectric actuators; radiation effects; radiation hardending (electronics) ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; THIN-FILMS; RADIATION AB This paper investigates total ionizing dose (TID) effects on the piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The capacitance and contact voltage of thin-film, PZT-based relays were measured following incremental Co-60 TID irradiations. The devices were held in several different bias conditions, during exposure. The direction of the biasing electric field during exposure, along with the polarization prior to exposure, has a measurable impact on post-irradiation operating voltage of the relay. In all cases, the switching voltage, as obtained via the peak values in a capacitance versus voltage sweep, shifted in a direction that would minimize the switching electric field in the direction of pre-exposure polarization. These effects were observed to be both significantly greater than the shifts experienced by a set of control samples, as well as reversible via aging at room temperature. The devices display remarkable robustness, operating during active TID exposure [dose rate = 855.6 rad(Si)/s], failing at a TID greater than 15 Mrad(Si). C1 [Proie, Robert M., Jr.; Polcawich, Ronald G.; Sanchez, Luz M.; Grobicki, Alden D.; Pulskamp, Jeffrey S.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Cress, Cory D.; Roche, Nicolas J-H.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J-H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Proie, RM (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM robert.m.proie.civ@mail.mil; ronald.g.polcawich.civ@mail.mil; cory.cress@nrl.navy.mil; luz.m.sanchez16.civ@mail.mil; alden.d.grobicki.civ@mail.mil; jeffrey.s.pul-skamp.civ@mail.mil; nroche@gwu.edu OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 6 BP 4505 EP 4511 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2282261 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 279NY UT WOS:000328967900065 ER PT J AU Gadlage, MJ Kay, MJ Ingalls, JD Duncan, AR Ashley, SA AF Gadlage, Matthew J. Kay, Matthew J. Ingalls, J. David Duncan, Adam R. Ashley, Shawn A. TI Impact of X-Ray Exposure on a Triple-Level-Cell NAND Flash SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th annual IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 08-12, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA DE Dose effects; flash memories; radiation damage; X-rays ID INDUCED LEAKAGE CURRENT; THIN GATE OXIDES; MODEL AB The total ionizing dose response of a triple-level-cell (TLC) NAND flash is shown to be low enough that data corruption can occur as a result of an x-ray inspection. Only a few seconds of x-ray exposure corresponding to a total dose of merely 50 rad(Si) in a real-time x-ray source are required to induce errors. An in-depth total dose analysis shows which pages of the memory and data patterns are the most susceptible to radiation. The results show that TLC NAND flash devices are not suitable for use in high radiation environments, and that care must be taken when exposing them to even small x-ray exposures like those present in a circuit board inspection. C1 [Gadlage, Matthew J.; Kay, Matthew J.; Ingalls, J. David; Duncan, Adam R.; Ashley, Shawn A.] NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Gadlage, MJ (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM matthew.gadlage@navy.mil FU NSWC Crane FY13 Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE/Section 219) program FX This work was supported by the NSWC Crane FY13 Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE/Section 219) program. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 6 BP 4533 EP 4539 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2280432 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 279NY UT WOS:000328967900069 ER PT J AU Harris, DC Cambrea, LR Johnson, LF Seaver, RT Baronowski, M Gentilman, R Nordahl, C Gattuso, T Silberstein, S Rogan, P Hartnett, T Zelinski, B Sunne, W Fest, E Poisl, WH Willingham, CB Turri, G Warren, C Bass, M Zelmon, DE Goodrich, SM AF Harris, Daniel C. Cambrea, Lee R. Johnson, Linda F. Seaver, Robert T. Baronowski, Meghan Gentilman, Richard Scott Nordahl, C. Gattuso, Todd Silberstein, Stephanie Rogan, Patrick Hartnett, Thomas Zelinski, Brian Sunne, Wayne Fest, Eric Poisl, W. Howard Willingham, Charles B. Turri, Giorgio Warren, Cori Bass, Michael Zelmon, David E. Goodrich, Steven M. TI Properties of an Infrared-Transparent MgO:Y2O3 Nanocomposite SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL MGO; CERAMIC NANOCOMPOSITES; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-MATERIALS; TEMPERATURE; YTTRIA; MICROSTRUCTURE AB A 50:50vol% MgO-Y2O3 nanocomposite with similar to 150nm grain size was prepared in an attempt to make 3-5m infrared-transmitting windows with increased durability and thermal shock resistance. Flexure strength of the composite at 21 degrees C is 679MPa for 0.88cm(2) under load. Hardness is consistent with that of the constituents with similar grain size. For 3-mm-thick material at 4.85m, the total scatter loss is 1.5%, forward scatter is 0.2%, and absorptance is 1.8%. Optical scatter below 2m is 100%. Variable intensity OH absorption (similar to 6% absorptance) is observed near 3m. The refractive index is similar to 0.4% below the volume-fraction-weighted average of those of the constituents. Thermal expansion is equal to the volume-fraction-weighted average of expansion of the constituents. Specific heat capacity is equal to the mass-fraction-weighted average of heat capacities of the constituents. Thermal conductivity lies between those of the constituents up to 1200K. Elastic constants lie between those of the constituents. The Hasselman mild thermal shock resistance parameter for the composite is twice as great as that of common 3-5m window materials, but half as great as that of c-plane sapphire. C1 [Harris, Daniel C.; Cambrea, Lee R.; Johnson, Linda F.; Seaver, Robert T.; Baronowski, Meghan] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Gentilman, Richard; Scott Nordahl, C.; Gattuso, Todd; Silberstein, Stephanie; Rogan, Patrick; Hartnett, Thomas] Raytheon, Integrated Def Syst, Andover, MA 01810 USA. [Zelinski, Brian; Sunne, Wayne; Fest, Eric; Poisl, W. Howard] Raytheon, Missile Syst, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Willingham, Charles B.] CBW TechServ, Framingham, MA 01701 USA. [Turri, Giorgio] Florida Southern Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Lakeland, FL 33801 USA. [Warren, Cori] Rollins Coll, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Bass, Michael] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Zelmon, David E.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Goodrich, Steven M.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM Daniel.Harris@navy.mil FU U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX Heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion were measured by R. Larsen, D. L. Taylor and K. Trombley. Hardness was measured by Joe Hibbs and Misty Hibbs. Work was supported by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. NR 63 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 96 IS 12 BP 3828 EP 3835 DI 10.1111/jace.12589 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 267MN UT WOS:000328102100023 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Jung, WY Bahk, JJ Gardner, JM Kim, JK Lee, SH AF Lee, Sang Hoon Jung, Woo-Yeol Bahk, Jang Jun Gardner, Joan M. Kim, Jin Kyung Lee, Su Hwan TI Depositional features of co-genetic turbidite-debrite beds and possible mechanisms for their formation in distal lobated bodies beyond the base-of-slope, Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Japan Sea) SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Submarine sediment gravity-flow deposits; Submarine slope failures; Co-genetic (or linked) turbidite-debrite bed; Ulleung Basin; East Sea (Japan Sea) ID SEDIMENT GRAVITY FLOWS; SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; LINKED DEBRITES; TSUSHIMA BASIN; MASSIVE SANDS; STABILITY; CURRENTS; ORIGIN; MUDS AB A detailed analysis of the MR1 (11-12 kHz) sonar images, chirp (2-7 kHz) profiles, core sediments and C-14 ages from the latest Quatemary lobated bodies (LB) on the deep (>2100 m water depth) basin plain of the western Ulleung Basin reveals depositional features and context of co-genetic turbidite-debrite beds in the LB on the distal setting and a plausible mechanism for generating these beds. Eight LB are present in the basin plain, ca. 30-60 km beyond the base-of-slope, and were generally deposited retrogressively. Older and more distal LB 1-4 have large dimensions (>27 km long, 15-25 km wide). In contrast, younger and less distal LB 5-8 are small (8.8-31.5 km long, 1.2-12 km). The muddier, larger LB 1 and 2 were most likely originated from the relatively large-scale sediment failures on the muddy upper slopes (>350-400 m water depth) between 18.5 and 20.0 cal. ka B.P. On other hand, the sandier, smaller LB 6 and 7 were deposited between 17.0 and 17.5 cal. ka B.P., probably by the relatively small-scale sediment failures on the sandy uppermost slope, shallower than 350-400 m water depth. In LB 1, a lower sandy-mud turbidite is transitional upward into an upper mudmatrix debrite having small, rounded mud clasts. In contrast, LB 6 exhibits a gradual upward change from a lower clay-poor, sandy turbidite to an upper clay-rich, sand-matrix debrite with large, interlocking mud clasts. Each mixed bed in LB 1 and 6 can represent a co-genetic (or linked) turbidite-debrite bed formed by the down-dip flow transformation from turbidity current to debris flow at a point during the same event. The abundant large-scale (up to 20-25 m deep, 3-5 km long) erosions of fine-grained substrates near the base-of-slope area suggest that the down-dip transformation was driven by incorporation of mud via erosional bullring by turbidity currents reaching the base-of-slope area. The different clay/sand content and size/shape of mud clasts in the co-genetic turbidite-debrite beds between LB 1 and 6 imply that the composition (sandy or muddy) and dimension of initial turbidity current approaching the base-of-slope, the volume of eroded masses from the finegrained substrates, and the transport distance of sediment gravity flows from the erosional areas of muddy substrates can be all important factors controlling the depositional styles of co-genetic turbidite-debrite beds. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Sang Hoon; Kim, Jin Kyung; Lee, Su Hwan] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Marine Geol & Geophys Lab, Ansan 426744, South Korea. [Jung, Woo-Yeol; Gardner, Joan M.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bahk, Jang Jun] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Petr & Marine Res Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Marine Geol & Geophys Lab, Ansan 426744, South Korea. EM sanglee@kordi.re.kr FU 'EAST-I' Project (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries); Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology [PE 98921]; NRL's basic science program FX This study was supported by 'EAST-I' Project (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries) and projects of the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (PE 98921). WYJ and JMG were supported by the NRL's basic science program for this work. We are grateful to the Regional Mapping Division of the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration for providing the Chirp subbottom profiles. We also appreciate the efforts of everyone who participated in the cruise for obtaining MR 1 data. We thank Dr. Peter Vogt for his critical reviews. His insightful comments helped us to improve the manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and Dr. David J.W. Piper (Editor) for useful and constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 346 BP 124 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.09.001 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 278DS UT WOS:000328869900010 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, RB Rudakov, L Crabtree, C Ganguli, G AF Dahlburg, R. B. Rudakov, L. Crabtree, C. Ganguli, G. TI Stabilization of an injected conducting layer for artificially enhancing drag on orbital debris SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Orbital debris; Magnetohydrodynamics; Numerical solution ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; FLOW; MODE AB The evolution of a magnetized conducting medium suspended in magnetic and gravitational fields is examined. In this paper some effects of the influence of velocity fields on the linear stability properties of such layers are investigated. A fully compressible, three-dimensional analysis of the layer is described. The relevant equations are derived and then solved by the MagnetoHydroDynamic SPEctral Compressible Linear Stability (MHDSPECLS) algorithm, a Chebyshev collocation code. The code allows for the computation of magnetic and thermal effects. A complete stabilization of the system is found above a critical velocity of approximately 2500 m/s. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Dahlburg, R. B.] Naval Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rudakov, L.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Crabtree, C.; Ganguli, G.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rdahlbur@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; rudakovl@gmail.com; chris.crabtree@nrl.navy.mil; gurudas.ganguli@nrl.navy.mil OI Crabtree, Christopher/0000-0002-6682-9992 FU NRL 6.2 Grant FX This research was funded by an NRL 6.2 Grant. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 11 BP 1987 EP 1992 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2013.06.016 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273FU UT WOS:000328521500014 ER PT J AU Ruth, RA AF Ruth, Richard A. TI REVOLUTION INTERRUPTED: FARMERS, STUDENTS, LAW, AND VIOLENCE IN NORTHERN THAILAND SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Ruth, Richard A.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ruth, RA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0002-8762 EI 1937-5239 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 118 IS 5 BP 1503 EP 1504 DI 10.1093/ahr/118.5.1503 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 271LG UT WOS:000328392800032 ER PT J AU Lolli, S Welton, EJ Campbell, JR AF Lolli, Simone Welton, Ellsworth J. Campbell, James R. TI Evaluating Light Rain Drop Size Estimates from Multiwavelength Micropulse Lidar Network Profiling SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boundary layer; Drizzle; Aerosols; Cumulus clouds; Lidars; Lidar observations; Remote sensing ID DOPPLER RADAR; DRIZZLE PARAMETERS; MELTING LAYER; CLOUD; AEROSOLS AB This paper investigates multiwavelength retrievals of median equivolumetric drop diameter D-0 suitable for drizzle and light rain, through collocated 355-/527-nm Micropulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) observations collected during precipitation occurring 9 May 2012 at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) project site. By applying a previously developed retrieval technique for infrared bands, the method exploits the differential backscatter by liquid water at 355 and 527 nm for water drops larger than approximate to 50 m. In the absence of molecular and aerosol scattering and neglecting any transmission losses, the ratio of the backscattering profiles at the two wavelengths (355 and 527 nm), measured from light rain below the cloud melting layer, can be described as a color ratio, which is directly related to D-0. The uncertainty associated with this method is related to the unknown shape of the drop size spectrum and to the measurement error. Molecular and aerosol scattering contributions and relative transmission losses due to the various atmospheric constituents should be evaluated to derive D-0 from the observed color ratio profiles. This process is responsible for increasing the uncertainty in the retrieval. Multiple scattering, especially for UV lidar, is another source of error, but it exhibits lower overall uncertainty with respect to other identified error sources. It is found that the total error upper limit on D-0 approaches 50%. The impact of this retrieval for long-term MPLNET monitoring and its global data archive is discussed. C1 [Lolli, Simone] NASA, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lolli, Simone; Welton, Ellsworth J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Campbell, James R.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Lolli, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM simone.lolli@nasa.gov RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550 FU NASA [NNG12HG05I] FX The Micropulse Lidar Network is coordinated through the support of the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. The authors gratefully acknowledge the University of Wyoming's Department of Atmospheric Sciences for access to its radiosonde visualization tools. Author JRC acknowledges the support of NASA Interagency Agreement NNG12HG05I on behalf of the Micropulse Lidar Network. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2798 EP 2807 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00062.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 275IK UT WOS:000328669300009 ER PT J AU Irvine, M Longo, J Stern, F AF Irvine, Martin, Jr. Longo, Joseph Stern, Frederick TI Forward Speed Calm Water Roll Decay for Surface Combatant 5415: Global and Local Flow Measurements SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE experimental fluid dynamics; roll decay; wave pattern; velocity field; bilge keel vortices AB Global and local flow measurements for forward speed calm water roll decay are performed in a towing tank for surface combatant model 5415 for both bare hull (BH) and bilge keel (BK) conditions. Roll motion is oscillatory with underdamped exponential decay and linear with respect to initial roll angles less than the average initial roll angle (9 degrees). For larger mean roll angles (> 3 degrees), damped natural frequency is a few percent below the hydrostatic natural roll frequency with larger values for BH than BK condition and increasing Froude number (Fr), whereas for smaller mean roll angles, it sharply increases toward the hydrostatic natural roll frequency. For larger mean roll angles, logarithmic decrement and linear damping linear increase with larger values for BK than BH condition and increasing Fr, whereas for smaller mean roll angles, they sharply increase. For increasing Fr, mean and initial roll angle averaged mean roll angle decreases by 50%; damped natural frequency increases by 6% with larger values for BH than BK condition; and logarithmic decrement/linear damping coefficient increase by a factor of three/four with larger values for BK than the BH condition. Logarithmic decrement and Himeno method linear damping coefficients are qualitatively similar. Nonlinear damping coefficient is two orders of magnitude smaller than linear damping coefficient. Roll reconstruction errors are smallest for Himeno with linear and nonlinear damping. The phase-averaged wave pattern and velocity and axial vorticity fields at x/L = 0.675 initially show larger amplitudes followed by oscillatory exponential decay. Alternating vortex pairs are shed from the bilge keel tip with damped magnitudes for decreasing mean roll angles. The local flow indicates lower frequencies and larger damping than the roll motion. C1 [Irvine, Martin, Jr.; Longo, Joseph; Stern, Frederick] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Irvine, M (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-01-1-0073] FX This research was sponsored by Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-01-1-0073 under the administration of Dr. Patrick Purtell whose support is greatly appreciated. Chalmers University of Technology engineering undergraduates (Mattias Hansson and Anders Sundholm) and University of Iowa engineering undergraduates (Tanner Kuhl, Brad Flamino, Brad Carlson, Pieter Beyer, and Adrian Stamper) helped with data acquisition. Also, we thank Dr. Hamid Sadat-Hosseini and Prof. Yasuyuki Toda for help in making the final revisions of the article. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 EI 1542-0604 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 57 IS 4 BP 202 EP 219 DI 10.5957/JOSR.57.4.110043 PG 18 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 275GX UT WOS:000328665400002 ER PT J AU Rakotonarivo, ST Kuperman, WA Williams, EG AF Rakotonarivo, Sandrine T. Kuperman, W. A. Williams, Earl G. TI Prediction of a body's structural impedance and scattering properties using correlation of random noise SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FIELD ACOUSTIC HOLOGRAPHY; SOUND-SCATTERING; EQUIVALENT SOURCES; EMERGENCE; SHELLS; FLUID; OCEAN AB This paper derives a method to estimate the structural or surface impedance matrix (or equivalently the inverse of the structural Green's function) for an elastic body by placing it in an encompassing and spatially random noise field and cross-correlating pressure and normal velocity measurements taken on its surface. A numerical experiment is presented that utilizes a cross-correlation method to determine the structural impedance matrix for an infinite cylindrical shell excited by a spatially random noise field. It is shown that the correlation method produces the exact analytic form of the structural impedance matrix. Furthermore, using standard impedance formulations of the scattered and incident pressure fields at the object surface that are based on the equivalent source method and using this estimated structural impedance, a prediction of the scattered acoustic field at any position outside of the object can be made for any given incident field. An example is presented for a point (line) source near a cylindrical shell and when compared with the analytical result, excellent agreement is found between the scattered fields at a radius close to the shell. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Rakotonarivo, Sandrine T.; Kuperman, W. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Williams, Earl G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rakotonarivo, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM srakotonarivo@ucsd.edu RI Rakotonarivo, Sandrine/F-5261-2015 FU Office of Naval Research FX We acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 134 IS 6 BP 4401 EP 4411 DI 10.1121/1.4828833 PN 1 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 275CU UT WOS:000328654100021 PM 25669251 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CA Langland, R Pauley, PM Velden, C AF Reynolds, Carolyn A. Langland, Rolf Pauley, Patricia M. Velden, Christopher TI Tropical Cyclone Data Impact Studies: Influence of Model Bias and Synthetic Observations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Forecast verification; skill; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Data assimilation ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY DIAGNOSTICS; ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTION SYSTEM; GLOBAL FORECAST SYSTEM; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; TRACK FORECASTS; SYNOPTIC SURVEILLANCE; HURRICANE MOVEMENT; DROPWINDSONDE DATA; NAVDAS-AR; ECMWF AB The impacts of assimilating dropwindsonde data and enhanced atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) on tropical cyclone track forecasts are examined using the Navy global data assimilation and forecasting systems. Enhanced AMVs have the largest impact on eastern Pacific storms, while dropwindsonde data have the largest impact on Atlantic storms. Results in the western Pacific are mixed. Two western Pacific storms, Nuri and Jangmi, are examined in detail. For Nuri, dropwindsonde data and enhanced AMVs are at least as likely to degrade as to improve forecasts. For Jangmi, additional data improve track forecasts in most cases. An erroneous weakening of the forecasted subtropical high appears to contribute to the track errors for Nuri and Jangmi. Assimilation of enhanced AMVs systematically increases the analyzed heights in this region, counteracting this model bias. However, the impact of enhanced AMVs decreases rapidly as the model biases saturate at similar levels for experiments with and without the enhanced AMVs after the first few forecast days. Experiments are also conducted in which the errors assigned to synthetic tropical cyclone observations are increased. Moderate increases in the assigned errors improve track forecasts on average, but larger increases in the assigned errors produce mixed results. Both experiments allow for reductions in innovations and residuals when compared to dropwindsonde observations. These experiments suggest that a reformulation of the synthetic tropical cyclone observation scheme may lead to improved forecasts as more in situ and remote observations become available. C1 [Reynolds, Carolyn A.; Langland, Rolf; Pauley, Patricia M.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Velden, Christopher] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. RP Reynolds, CA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM carolyn.reynolds@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 141 IS 12 BP 4373 EP 4394 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00300.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256AY UT WOS:000327283300011 ER PT J AU Hodyss, D Viner, KC Reinecke, A Hansen, JA AF Hodyss, Daniel Viner, Kevin C. Reinecke, Alex Hansen, James A. TI The Impact of Noisy Physics on the Stability and Accuracy of Physics-Dynamics Coupling SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Numerical analysis; modeling; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Parameterization; Stochastic models; Subgrid-scale processes ID STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION; TROPICAL CONVECTION; CLIMATE MODELS; ECMWF MODEL; SCHEMES; PARAMETERIZATIONS; BACKSCATTER; PARALLEL; ENERGY AB The coupling of the dynamical core of a numerical weather prediction model to the physical parameterizations is an important component of model design. This coupling between the physics and the dynamics is explored here from the perspective of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). It will be shown that the basic properties of the impact of noisy physics on the stability and accuracy of common numerical methods may be obtained through the application of the basic principles of SDEs. A conceptual model setting is used that allows the study of the impact of noise whose character may be tuned to be either very red (smooth) or white (noisy). The change in the stability and accuracy of common numerical methods as the character of the noise changes is then studied. Distinct differences are found between the ability of multistage (Runge-Kutta) schemes as compared with multistep (Adams-Bashforth/leapfrog) schemes to handle noise of various characters. These differences will be shown to be attributable to the basic philosophy used to design the scheme. Additional experiments using the decentering of the noisy physics will also be shown to lead to strong sensitivity to the quality of the noise. As an example, the authors find the novel result that noise of a diffusive character may lead to instability when the scheme is decentered toward greater implicitness. These results are confirmed in a nonlinear shear layer simulation using a subgrid-scale mixing parameterization. This subgrid-scale mixing parameterization is modified stochastically and shown to reproduce the basic principles found here, including the notion that decentering toward implicitness may lead to instability. C1 [Hodyss, Daniel; Viner, Kevin C.; Reinecke, Alex; Hansen, James A.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hodyss, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM daniel.hodyss@nrlmry.navy.mil FU PE-0601153N FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Chief of Naval Research PE-0601153N. We thank two reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments on this manuscript. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 141 IS 12 BP 4470 EP 4486 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00035.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256AY UT WOS:000327283300016 ER PT J AU French, MM Bluestein, HB PopStefanija, I Baldi, CA Bluth, RT AF French, Michael M. Bluestein, Howard B. PopStefanija, Ivan Baldi, Chad A. Bluth, Robert T. TI Reexamining the Vertical Development of Tornadic Vortex Signatures in Supercells SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Convective storms; Tornadogenesis; Severe storms; Supercells; Tornadoes; Radars; Radar observations ID 5 JUNE 2009; DOPPLER RADAR DATA; DUAL-DOPPLER; GOSHEN COUNTY; PART II; PRETORNADIC PHASE; CITY TORNADO; STORM; MESOCYCLONES; MAINTENANCE AB Observations from a hybrid phased-array Doppler radar, the Mobile Weather Radar, 2005 X-band, Phased Array (MWR-05XP), were used to investigate the vertical development of tornadic vortex signatures (TVSs) during supercell tornadogenesis. Data with volumetric update times of approximate to 10 s, an order of magnitude better than that of most other mobile Doppler radars, were obtained up to storm midlevels during the formation of three tornadoes. It is found that TVSs formed upward with time during tornadogenesis for two cases. In a third case, missing low-level data prevented a complete time-height analysis of TVS development; however, TVS formation occurred first near the ground and then at storm midlevels several minutes later. These results are consistent with the small number of volumetric mobile Doppler radar tornadogenesis cases from the past approximate to 10 years, but counter to studies prior to that, in which a descending TVS was observed in roughly half of tornado cases utilizing Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data. A comparative example is used to examine the possible effects relatively long WSR-88D volumetric update times have on determining the mode of tornadogenesis. C1 [French, Michael M.; Bluestein, Howard B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [PopStefanija, Ivan; Baldi, Chad A.] ProSensing Inc, Amherst, MA USA. [Bluth, Robert T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP French, MM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM michael.french@noaa.gov FU NSF [ATM-0637148, ATM-0934307] FX The authors thank Philip Chilson, Richard Doviak, and Alan Shapiro, who reviewed early drafts of this work within the first author's Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Oklahoma. Thanks also to Alex Schenkman, Matthew Kumjian, Lance Leslie, Lou Wicker, Jeff Snyder, and Curtis Alexander for useful discussions regarding the results of this research. The latter also provided significant computational assistance in the use of the DREADER software package. We are grateful to Jana Houser, Paul Buczynski, Randy George, and the VORTEX2 crews, particularly Josh Wurman, David Dowell, and Erik Rasmussen, for their assistance in data collection. Three anonymous reviewers helped to focus and clarify several major points in this manuscript. This study was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0637148 and ATM-0934307. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 141 IS 12 BP 4576 EP 4601 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00315.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256AY UT WOS:000327283300023 ER PT J AU Shou, H Eloyan, A Lee, S Zipunnikov, V Crainiceanu, AN Nebel, MB Caffo, B Lindquist, MA Crainiceanu, CM AF Shou, H. Eloyan, A. Lee, S. Zipunnikov, V. Crainiceanu, A. N. Nebel, M. B. Caffo, B. Lindquist, M. A. Crainiceanu, C. M. TI Quantifying the reliability of image replication studies: The image intraclass correlation coefficient (I2C2) SO COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RAVENS; DTI; fMRI; Replication studies; Intraclass correlation coefficient ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; RESTING-STATE NETWORKS; PRIMARY MOTOR; FMRI; REPRODUCIBILITY; BRAIN; CONNECTIVITY; REGISTRATION; CORTEX AB This article proposes the image intraclass correlation (I2C2) coefficient as a global measure of reliability for imaging studies. The I2C2 generalizes the classic intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient to the case when the data of interest are images, thereby providing a measure that is both intuitive and convenient. Drawing a connection with classical measurement error models for replication experiments, the I2C2 can be computed quickly, even in high-dimensional imaging studies. A nonparametric bootstrap procedure is introduced to quantify the variability of the I2C2 estimator. Furthermore, a Monte Carlo permutation is utilized to test reproducibility versus a zero I2C2, representing complete lack of reproducibility. Methodologies are applied to three replication studies arising from different brain imaging modalities and settings: regional analysis of volumes in normalized space imaging for characterizing brain morphology, seed-voxel brain activation maps based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and fractional anisotropy in an area surrounding the corpus callosum via diffusion tensor imaging. Notably, resting-state fMRI brain activation maps are found to have low reliability, ranging from .2 to .4. Software and data are available to provide easy access to the proposed methods. C1 [Shou, H.; Eloyan, A.; Zipunnikov, V.; Caffo, B.; Lindquist, M. A.; Crainiceanu, C. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biostat, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Lee, S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Lee, S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Biostat, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Crainiceanu, A. N.] US Naval Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Nebel, M. B.] Kennedy Krieger Inst, Lab Neurocognit & Imaging Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Crainiceanu, CM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biostat, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM ccrainic@jhsph.edu RI Nebel, Mary Beth/D-3305-2015 OI Nebel, Mary Beth/0000-0003-0185-3382 FU National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [R01NS060910]; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [R01EB012547, P41EB015909] FX This research was supported by grant R01NS060910 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and by grants R01EB012547 and P41EB015909 from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. This work represents the opinions of the researchers, and not necessarily that of the granting organizations. The authors would like to thank Dr. Daniel Reich from NIH/NINDS, Dr. Peter Calabresi, and their research teams for collecting and sharing the DTI-MRI data sets, as well as Ronald Caffo for assistance with copy editing. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1530-7026 EI 1531-135X J9 COGN AFFECT BEHAV NE JI Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 13 IS 4 BP 714 EP 724 DI 10.3758/s13415-013-0196-0 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 270TQ UT WOS:000328342000004 PM 24022791 ER PT J AU Prak, DJL Morris, RE Cowart, JS Hamilton, LJ Trulove, PC AF Prak, Dianne J. Luning Morris, Robert E. Cowart, Jim S. Hamilton, Leonard J. Trulove, Paul C. TI Density, Viscosity, Speed of Sound, Bulk Modulus, Surface Tension, and Flash Point of Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Diesel (DSH-76) and Binary Mixtures of N-Hexadecane and 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID HYDROTREATED RENEWABLE DIESEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; SURROGATE MIXTURE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; LIQUID MIXTURES; FUEL; ALKANES; KEROSENE; VOLUME AB The physical properties of direct sugar to hydrocarbon diesel (DSH-76) and several binary mixtures of n-hexadecane and 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane were measured in this work. The density and viscosity were measured at temperatures ranging from (293.15 to 393.15) K, and the pure component values fell within the range of previously reported values. Speed of sound data at temperatures ranging from (293.15 to 323.15) K increased from (1089 to 1357) m.s(-1). The bulk modulus was calculated from the density and speed of sound data, and its values ranged from (858 to 1425) MPa. Flash point values ranged from (318 to 408) K, and the surface tension values ranged from (21.8 to 27.3) mN.m(-1). The values of density, viscosity, speed of sound, bulk modulus, flash point (378 K), and surface tension (25.0 mN.m(-1)) for the DSH-76 fell within the range of values measured for the binary mixtures of n-hexadecane and 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane. These data suggest that a binary mixture of n-hexadecane and 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane may be a suitable surrogate for renewable fuels such as DSH-76. C1 [Prak, Dianne J. Luning; Trulove, Paul C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Morris, Robert E.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cowart, Jim S.; Hamilton, Leonard J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Prak, DJL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM prak@usna.edu; robert.morris@nrl.navy.mil; cowart@usna.edu; ljhamilt@usna.edu; trulove@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD DEC PY 2013 VL 58 IS 12 BP 3536 EP 3544 DI 10.1021/je.400839x PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 273IS UT WOS:000328529100031 ER PT J AU Zhao, QY Zhang, FQ Holt, T Bishop, CH Xu, Q AF Zhao, Qingyun Zhang, Fuqing Holt, Teddy Bishop, Craig H. Xu, Qin TI Development of a Mesoscale Ensemble Data Assimilation System at the Naval Research Laboratory SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation ID SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; ANALYSIS PERTURBATION SCHEME; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; KALMAN FILTER; MODEL EXPERIMENTS; PART II; PREDICTION; TESTS; TRANSFORM AB An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been adopted and implemented at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) for mesoscale and storm-scale data assimilation to study the impact of ensemble assimilation of high-resolution observations, including those from Doppler radars, on storm prediction. The system has been improved during its implementation at NRL to further enhance its capability of assimilating various types of meteorological data. A parallel algorithm was also developed to increase the system's computational efficiency on multiprocessor computers. The EnKF has been integrated into the NRL mesoscale data assimilation system and extensively tested to ensure that the system works appropriately with new observational data stream and forecast systems. An innovative procedure was developed to evaluate the impact of assimilated observations on ensemble analyses with no need to exclude any observations for independent validation (as required by the conventional evaluation based on data-denying experiments). The procedure was employed in this study to examine the impacts of ensemble size and localization on data assimilation and the results reveal a very interesting relationship between the ensemble size and the localization length scale. All the tests conducted in this study demonstrate the capabilities of the EnKF as a research tool for mesoscale and storm-scale data assimilation with potential operational applications. C1 [Zhao, Qingyun; Holt, Teddy; Bishop, Craig H.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Zhang, Fuqing] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Xu, Qin] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Zhao, QY (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Mail Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM allen.zhao@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010 OI Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [PE 0602435N, N000140910526] FX The authors thank the On-Demand Section led by Mr. John Cook, the Mesoscale Modeling Section led by Dr. Jim Doyle, and the Data Assimilation Section led by Dr. Nancy Baker of the Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, for their strong support and help during this study. Special thanks go to Dr. Keith Sashegyi of the Data Assimilation Section for his generous help in providing the data processing and quality control algorithms as well as observational forward operators from NRL NAVDAS. This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under PE 0602435N, N000140910526, and other ONR-sponsored collaboration project. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1322 EP 1336 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00015.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273FI UT WOS:000328520200003 ER PT J AU Sanabia, ER Barrett, BS Black, PG Chen, S Cummings, JA AF Sanabia, Elizabeth R. Barrett, Bradford S. Black, Peter G. Chen, Sue Cummings, James A. TI Real-Time Upper-Ocean Temperature Observations from Aircraft during Operational Hurricane Reconnaissance Missions: AXBT Demonstration Project Year One Results SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; typhoons; Air-sea interaction; Aircraft observations; In situ oceanic observations; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Coupled models ID PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; DATA ASSIMILATION; OPAL 1995; ATLANTIC; PACIFIC; SYSTEM; FORMULATION; STATE AB Thousands of aircraft observations of upper-ocean thermal structures have been obtained during hurricane and typhoon research field experiments in recent decades. The results from these experiments suggest a strong correlation between upper-ocean thermal variability and tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change. In response to these results, during the Office of the Federal Coordinator of Meteorology (OFCM) 2011 Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference (IHC), the Working Group for Hurricane and Winter Storms Operations and Research (WG/HWSOR) approved a 3-yr project to demonstrate the usefulness of airborne expendable bathythermographs (AXBTs) in an operational setting. The goal of this project was to initialize and validate coupled TC forecast models and was extended to improve input to statistical intensity forecast models. During the first season of the demonstration project, 109 AXBTs were deployed between 28 July and 28 August 2011. Successes included AXBT deployment from WC-130J aircraft during operational reconnaissance missions tasked by the National Hurricane Center (NHC), real-time onboard and postflight data processing, real-time data transmission to U.S. Navy and NOAA hurricane numerical prediction centers, and near-real-time assimilation of upper-ocean temperature observations into the Naval Research Laboratory Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System-Tropical Cyclones (COAMPS-TC) forecast model. Initial results showed 1) increased model accuracy in upper-ocean temperatures, 2) minor improvements in TC track forecasts, and 3) minor improvements in TC intensity forecasts in both coupled dynamical and statistical models [COAMPS-TC and the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS), respectively]. C1 [Sanabia, Elizabeth R.; Barrett, Bradford S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Black, Peter G.] SAIC Inc, Monterey, CA USA. [Black, Peter G.; Chen, Sue] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Cummings, James A.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Sanabia, ER (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM sanabia@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research Award [N0001411WX213800]; National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) Award [N00014-10-1-0162] FX The authors are grateful for support from the pilots and crews of the USAF 53rd WRS for conducting the AXBT deployments and providing infrastructure support not only on the ground at Keesler AFB and the St Croix deployment base, but on the aircraft as well; to Mark DeMaria for his suggestions and guidance on the SHIPS intensity calculations; to Heather Hornick, Ian Park, Elliot Hoy, and Jeffrey Kerling for their mission support during AXBT operations; to the personnel from NAVO, NDBC, and NCEP/EMC without whom this program would not have been successful; and to Dong-Shan Ko from NRL-Stennis for the IASNFS model support. This work is sponsored in part by Office of Naval Research Award N0001411WX213800 and National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) Award N00014-10-1-0162. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1404 EP 1422 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00107.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273FI UT WOS:000328520200008 ER PT J AU Meir, T Orton, PM Pullen, J Holt, T Thompson, WT Arend, MF AF Meir, Talmor Orton, Philip M. Pullen, Julie Holt, Teddy Thompson, William T. Arend, Mark F. TI Forecasting the New York City Urban Heat Island and Sea Breeze during Extreme Heat Events SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Mesoscale models; Model comparison; Model evaluation; performance; Coastal meteorology; Heat islands; Urban meteorology ID METROPOLITAN-AREA; DATA-ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION; SYSTEM; MODEL; VALIDATION; RESOLUTION AB Two extreme heat events impacting the New York City (NYC), New York, metropolitan region during 7-10 June and 21-24 July 2011 are examined in detail using a combination of models and observations. The U.S. Navy's Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) produces real-time forecasts across the region on a 1-km resolution grid and employs an urban canopy parameterization to account for the influence of the city on the atmosphere. Forecasts from the National Weather Service's 12-km resolution North American Mesoscale (NAM) implementation of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are also examined. The accuracy of the forecasts is evaluated using a land- and coastline-based observation network. Observed temperatures reached 39 degrees C or more at central urban sites over several days and remained high overnight due to urban heat island (UHI) effects, with a typical nighttime urban-rural temperature difference of 4 degrees-5 degrees C. Examining model performance broadly over both heat events and 27 sites, COAMPS has temperature RMS errors averaging 1.9 degrees C, while NAM has RMSEs of 2.5 degrees C. COAMPS high-resolution wind and temperature predictions captured key features of the observations. For example, during the early summer June heat event, the Long Island south shore coastline experienced a more pronounced sea breeze than was observed for the July heat wave. C1 [Meir, Talmor; Orton, Philip M.; Pullen, Julie] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Holt, Teddy; Thompson, William T.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Arend, Mark F.] CUNY City Coll, CUNY CREST Inst, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Meir, T (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM tmeir@stevens.edu FU Office of Naval Research Program Element [0601153N]; NOAA [NA11SEC481004]; NOAA Regional Integrated Science Assessment (RISA) [NA10OAR4310212]; Department of Homeland Security [2008-ST-061-ML0002] FX Two of the authors (TH and WTT) were supported by Office of Naval Research Program Element 0601153N. We are grateful to Jay Titlow of Weatherflow for supplying observational data. This work was supported in part by NOAA Grant NA11SEC481004 to the Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology (CREST) Institute at the City College of New York, and by NOAA Regional Integrated Science Assessment (RISA) Grant NA10OAR4310212 to the Consortium for Climate Risk in the Urban Northeast (CCRUN). Some support was provided by the Department of Homeland Security under Grant Award 2008-ST-061-ML0002. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Department of Homeland Security. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1460 EP 1477 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00012.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273FI UT WOS:000328520200011 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Lee, WY McGee, AS Hart, DC Loup, DC Rasmussen, EA AF Kwon, Y. W. Lee, W. Y. McGee, A. S. Hart, D. C. Loup, D. C. Rasmussen, E. A. TI Analytical Model for Prediction of Reduced Strain Energy Release Rate of Single-Side-Patched Plates SO APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Composite patch; Bonded repair; Single-side patch; Strain energy release rate ID REPAIRED ALUMINUM PANELS; BONDED COMPOSITE PATCH; THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES; FATIGUE-CRACK GROWTH; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; STRESS-ANALYSIS; REINFORCEMENT; CLOSURE; SHELLS AB A study was undertaken to develop an analytical model that can predict how much reduction in Strain Energy Release Rate (SERR) can be achieved by repairing a cracked plate using a single-side bonded patch. The plate may be subjected to inplane or out-of-plane bending loading. Furthermore, the plate may be flat or curved in a cylindrical shape. The model helps to select patch material (i.e., elastic modulus of the material) and the appropriate patch size in order to reduce the SERR at the crack tip of the patched base plate. In other words, the analytical model can be utilized to select the patch material and patch dimensions required to achieve the desired SERR for a cracked base plate with known modulus, thickness, and crack size. The model is based on axial and bending stresses of the single-side strap joint configuration, which are related to the SERR at the crack tip of a plate with a single-side patch repair. In order to verify the analytical model, finite element analyses were conducted to determine stresses as well as SERR in many different patched plates. The numerical study confirmed the validity of the analytical model in predicting the reduction ratio of SERR resulting from the single-side patch repair. C1 [Kwon, Y. W.; Lee, W. Y.; McGee, A. S.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. [Hart, D. C.; Loup, D. C.; Rasmussen, E. A.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Struct & Composite Div, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. EM ywkwon@nps.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-189X EI 1573-4897 J9 APPL COMPOS MATER JI Appl. Compos. Mater. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1321 EP 1339 DI 10.1007/s10443-013-9334-7 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 268WQ UT WOS:000328201800023 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ Guillemot, L Kerr, M Cognard, I Ray, PS Wolff, MT Begin, S Janssen, GH Romani, RW Venter, C Grove, JE Freire, PCC Wood, M Cheung, CC Casandjian, JM Stairs, IH Camilo, F Espinoza, CM Ferrara, EC Harding, AK Johnston, S Kramer, M Lyne, AG Michelson, PF Ransom, SM Shannon, R Smith, DA Stappers, BW Theureau, G Thorsett, SE AF Johnson, T. J. Guillemot, L. Kerr, M. Cognard, I. Ray, P. S. Wolff, M. T. Begin, S. Janssen, G. H. Romani, R. W. Venter, C. Grove, J. E. Freire, P. C. C. Wood, M. Cheung, C. C. Casandjian, J. M. Stairs, I. H. Camilo, F. Espinoza, C. M. Ferrara, E. C. Harding, A. K. Johnston, S. Kramer, M. Lyne, A. G. Michelson, P. F. Ransom, S. M. Shannon, R. Smith, D. A. Stappers, B. W. Theureau, G. Thorsett, S. E. TI BROADBAND PULSATIONS FROM PSR B1821-24: IMPLICATIONS FOR EMISSION MODELS AND THE PULSAR POPULATION OF M28 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: stars; globular clusters: individual (M28); pulsars: individual (B1821-24) ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER M28; MILLISECOND PULSARS; X-RAY; LIGHT CURVES; TIMING OBSERVATIONS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; RADIO-EMISSION; NEUTRON-STARS AB We report a 5.4 sigma detection of pulsed gamma rays from PSR B1821-24 in the globular cluster M28 using similar to 44 months of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data that have been reprocessed with improved instrument calibration constants. We constructed a phase-coherent ephemeris, with post-fit residual rms of 3 mu s, using radio data spanning similar to 23.2 yr, enabling measurements of the multi-wavelength light-curve properties of PSR B1821-24 at the milliperiod level. We fold RXTE observations of PSR B1821-24 from 1996 to 2007 and discuss implications on the emission zones. The gamma-ray light curve consists of two peaks separated by 0.41 +/- 0.02 in phase, with the first gamma-ray peak lagging behind the first radio peak by 0.05 +/- 0.02 in phase, consistent with the phase of giant radio pulses. We observe significant emission in the off-peak interval of PSR B1821-24 with a best-fit LAT position inconsistent with the core of M28. We do not detect significant gamma-ray pulsations at the spin or orbital periods from any other known pulsar in M28, and we place limits on the number of energetic pulsars in the cluster. The derived gamma-ray efficiency, similar to 2%, is typical of other gamma-ray pulsars with comparable spin-down power, suggesting that the measured spin-down rate (2.2 x 10(36) erg s(-1)) is not appreciably distorted by acceleration in the cluster potential. This confirms PSR B1821-24 as the second very energetic millisecond pulsar in a globular cluster and raises the question of whether these represent a separate class of objects that only form in regions of very high stellar density. C1 [Johnson, T. J.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Guillemot, L.; Freire, P. C. C.; Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Kerr, M.; Romani, R. W.; Wood, M.; Michelson, P. F.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kerr, M.; Romani, R. W.; Wood, M.; Michelson, P. F.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] LPCE UMR 6115 CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, F-45071 Orleans, France. [Cognard, I.] CNRS INSU, Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Ray, P. S.; Wolff, M. T.; Grove, J. E.; Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Begin, S.] Univ Laval, Dept Phys Genie Phys & Opt, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Janssen, G. H.; Espinoza, C. M.; Kramer, M.; Lyne, A. G.; Stappers, B. W.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Casandjian, J. M.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Stairs, I. H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Camilo, F.] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Espinoza, C. M.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago, Chile. [Ferrara, E. C.; Harding, A. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Johnston, S.; Shannon, R.] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Fradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Thorsett, S. E.] Willamette Univ, Dept Phys, Salem, OR 97031 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tyrel.j.johnson@gmail.com; guillemo@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; kerrm@stanford.edu; icognard@cnrs-orleans.fr; Paul.Ray@nrl.navy.mil RI Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; OI Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; Shannon, Ryan/0000-0002-7285-6348; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 FU NSERC Discovery Grant; Canada Foundation for Innovation; NASA DPR [S-15633-Y] FX Pulsar research at the University of British Columbia is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant and by the Canada Foundation for Innovation.; Portions of this research performed at the Naval Research Laboratory are sponsored by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. NR 88 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 778 IS 2 AR UNSP 106 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/778/2/106 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262UH UT WOS:000327762800021 ER PT J AU Leake, JE Linton, MG Torok, T AF Leake, James E. Linton, Mark G. Toeroek, Tibor TI SIMULATIONS OF EMERGING MAGNETIC FLUX. I. THE FORMATION OF STABLE CORONAL FLUX ROPES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: magnetic fields ID SOLAR ATMOSPHERE; MASS EJECTION; ACTIVE-REGION; QUIET-SUN; EMERGENCE; TUBE; FILAMENT; ERUPTION; SUNSPOT; DYNAMICS AB We present results from three-dimensional visco-resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the emergence of a convection zone magnetic flux tube into a solar atmosphere containing a pre-existing dipole coronal field, which is orientated to minimize reconnection with the emerging field. We observe that the emergence process is capable of producing a coronal flux rope by the transfer of twist from the convection zone, as found in previous simulations. We find that this flux rope is stable, with no evidence of a fast rise, and that its ultimate height in the corona is determined by the strength of the pre-existing dipole field. We also find that although the electric currents in the initial convection zone flux tube are almost perfectly neutralized, the resultant coronal flux rope carries a significant net current. These results suggest that flux tube emergence is capable of creating non-current-neutralized stable flux ropes in the corona, tethered by overlying potential fields, a magnetic configuration that is believed to be the source of coronal mass ejections. C1 [Leake, James E.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Linton, Mark G.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Toeroek, Tibor] Predict Sci Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Leake, JE (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jleake@gmu.edu FU NASA Living With a Star and Solar and Heliospheric Physics programs; ONR 6.1 Program; NRL-Hinode analysis program FX This work has been supported by the NASA Living With a Star and Solar and Heliospheric Physics programs, the ONR 6.1 Program, and by the NRL-Hinode analysis program. The simulations were performed under a grant of computer time from the DoD HPC program. The authors thank the anonymous referee for comments that improved the clarity and relevance of the paper. NR 48 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 778 IS 2 AR UNSP 99 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/778/2/99 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262UH UT WOS:000327762800014 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Allafort, A Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Belfiore, A Bellazzini, R Bernieri, E Bissaldi, E Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Burnett, TH Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Campana, R Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Charles, E Chaves, RCG Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Cutini, S D'Ammando, F De Angelis, A De Palma, F Dermer, CD Desiante, R Digel, SW Di Venere, L Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Fortin, P Franckowiak, A Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Godfrey, G Gomez-Vargas, GA Grenier, IA Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Hewitt, J Hill, AB Horan, D Hughes, RE Jogler, T Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Kataoka, J Kawano, T Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Massaro, E Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Mehault, J Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nemmen, R Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Okumura, A Orienti, M Ormes, JF Paneque, D Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Romani, RW Roth, M Parkinson, PMS Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stawarz, L Strong, AW Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Torres, DF Tosti, G Troja, E Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V Werner, M Winer, BL Wood, KS Wood, M AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Allafort, A. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Belfiore, A. Bellazzini, R. Bernieri, E. Bissaldi, E. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Burnett, T. H. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Campana, R. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chaves, R. C. G. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. De Angelis, A. De Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Desiante, R. Digel, S. W. Di Venere, L. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Franckowiak, A. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Godfrey, G. Gomez-Vargas, G. A. Grenier, I. A. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hewitt, J. Hill, A. B. Horan, D. Hughes, R. E. Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Kataoka, J. Kawano, T. Knodlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Massaro, E. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Mehault, J. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Okumura, A. Orienti, M. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stawarz, Lukasz Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Werner, M. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. TI THE FIRST FERMI-LAT CATALOG OF SOURCES ABOVE 10 GeV SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; gamma rays: general ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; PULSAR WIND NEBULA; BLIND FREQUENCY SEARCHES; NANCAY RADIO TELESCOPE; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MILLISECOND PULSARS; CRAB PULSAR; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS AB We present a catalog of gamma-ray sources at energies above 10 GeV based on data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) accumulated during the first 3 yr of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission. The first Fermi catalog of > 10 GeV sources (1FHL) has 514 sources. For each source we present location, spectrum, a measure of variability, and associations with cataloged sources at other wavelengths. We found that 449 (87%) could be associated with known sources, of which 393 (76% of the 1FHL sources) are active galactic nuclei. Of the 27 sources associated with known pulsars, we find 20 (12) to have significant pulsations in the range > 10 GeV (> 25 GeV). In this work we also report that, at energies above 10 GeV, unresolved sources account for 27% +/- 8% of the isotropic. gamma-ray background, while the unresolved Galactic population contributes only at the few percent level to the Galactic diffuse background. We also highlight the subset of the 1FHL sources that are best candidates for detection at energies above 50-100 GeV with current and future ground-based gamma-ray observatories. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Bloom, E. D.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Okumura, A.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Allafort, A.; Bechtol, K.; Bloom, E. D.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Okumura, A.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Belfiore, A.; Ritz, S.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Belfiore, A.; Ritz, S.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Chaves, R. C. G.; Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA IRFU, Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Desiante, R.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Pivato, G.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Belfiore, A.] Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Belfiore, A.; Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bernieri, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Bernieri, E.] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.] Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Guiriec, S.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Hewitt, J.; McEnery, J. E.; Nemmen, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brigida, M.; De Palma, F.; Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; De Palma, F.; Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; De Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Campana, R.] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [De Angelis, A.; Drlica-Wagner, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [De Angelis, A.; Drlica-Wagner, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Fortin, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor IFT UAM CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Hadasch, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hadasch, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hanabata, Y.; Hayashida, M.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Hill, A. B.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Hughes, R. E.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Johnson, T. J.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kawano, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Knodlseder, J.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knodlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, GAHEC, IRAP, UPS OMP, F-31028 Toulouse, France. [Paneque, D.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Mehault, J.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3, CNRS, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Massaro, E.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Moiseev, A. A.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Moiseev, A. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Murgia, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Okumura, A.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Stawarz, Lukasz] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Stawarz, Lukasz] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Schulz, A.; Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEE CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.] ICREA, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. [Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM digel@stanford.edu; fortin@veritas.sao.arizona.edu; dpaneque@mppmu.mpg.de RI Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Gomez-Vargas, German/C-7138-2015; Campana, Riccardo/F-5272-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012 OI orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Campana, Riccardo/0000-0002-4794-5453; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888 NR 131 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 209 IS 2 AR UNSP 34 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/209/2/34 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266YG UT WOS:000328059500016 ER PT J AU Chenet, SM Pacheco, MA Bacon, DJ Collins, WE Barnwell, JW Escalante, AA AF Chenet, Stella M. Pacheco, M. Andreina Bacon, David J. Collins, William E. Barnwell, John W. Escalante, Ananias A. TI The evolution and diversity of a low complexity vaccine candidate, merozoite surface protein 9 (MSP-9), in Plasmodium vivax and closely related species SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ABRA; Binding sites; Genetic diversity; Merozoite surface proteins; MSP-9; Plasmodium ID BASIC REPEAT ANTIGEN; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; MALARIA PARASITES; NATURAL-SELECTION; ERYTHROCYTE-BINDING; I-TASSER; FALCIPARUM; IMMUNOGENICITY; RESPONSES; EPITOPES AB The merozoite surface protein-9 (MSP-9) has been considered a target for an anti-malarial vaccine since it is one of many proteins involved in the erythrocyte invasion, a critical step in the parasite life cycle. Orthologs encoding this antigen have been found in all known species of Plasmodium parasitic to primates. In order to characterize and investigate the extent and maintenance of MSP-9 genetic diversity, we analyzed DNA sequences of the following malaria parasite species: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium reichenowi, Plasmodium chabaudi, Plasmodium yoelii, Plasmodium berghei, Plasmodium coatneyi, Plasmodium gonderi, Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium inui, Plasmodium simiovale, Plasmodium fieldi, Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium vivax and evaluated the signature of natural selection in all MSP-9 orthologs. Our findings suggest that the gene encoding MSP-9 is under purifying selection in P. vivax and closely related species. We further explored how selection affected different regions of MSP-9 by comparing the polymorphisms in P. vivax and P. falciparum, and found contrasting patterns between these two species that suggest differences in functional constraints. This observation implies that the MSP-9 orthologs in human parasites may interact differently with the host immune response. Thus, studies carried out in one species cannot be directly translated into the other. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chenet, Stella M.; Escalante, Ananias A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Chenet, Stella M.; Pacheco, M. Andreina; Escalante, Ananias A.] Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Ctr Evolutionary Med & Informat, Tempe, AZ USA. [Bacon, David J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Collins, William E.; Barnwell, John W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis & Malaria, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Escalante, AA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM schenet@asu.edu; Maria.Pacheco@asu.edu; david.bacon@nrl.navy.mil; wec1@cdc.gov; wzb3@cdc.gov; Ananias.Escalante@asu.edu FU US National Institutes of Health [R01 GM080586] FX This work was supported by the US National Institutes of Health (R01 GM080586 to A. A. E.). We thank the DNA laboratory at the School of Life Sciences for their technical support. We also thank Jane Carlton for providing access to 454 preliminary data from P. inui and P. gonderi. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official views of the NIH, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 20 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.09.011 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 261YQ UT WOS:000327701200031 PM 24044894 ER PT J AU Boris, DR Petrov, GM Lock, EH Petrova, TB Fernsler, RF Walton, SG AF Boris, D. R. Petrov, G. M. Lock, E. H. Petrova, Tz B. Fernsler, R. F. Walton, S. G. TI Controlling the electron energy distribution function of electron beam generated plasmas with molecular gas concentration: I. Experimental results SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAPHENE AB This paper, the first in a series of two, presents experimental results demonstrating the control of electron and ion energy distribution functions in electron beam generated processing plasmas by adding trace concentrations of N-2 to an Ar background. Measurements of the electron energy distribution function, f(0)(E), are performed using a Langmuir probe while measurements of the Ar ion energy distribution function are performed using an energy-resolved mass spectrometer. The experimental results agree with modeling results, described in part II of this work, which indicate that inelastic electron collisions with nitrogen molecules provide an energy sink that can be exploited to control the electron energy distribution function. C1 [Boris, D. R.; Petrov, G. M.; Lock, E. H.; Petrova, Tz B.; Fernsler, R. F.; Walton, S. G.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boris, DR (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.boris@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Program FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 EI 1361-6595 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 22 IS 6 AR 065004 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/22/6/065004 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 267BT UT WOS:000328070700004 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Boris, DR Petrova, TB Lock, EH Fernsler, RF Walton, SG AF Petrov, G. M. Boris, D. R. Petrova, Tz B. Lock, E. H. Fernsler, R. F. Walton, S. G. TI Controlling the electron energy distribution function of electron beam generated plasmas with molecular gas concentration: II. Numerical modeling SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN N-2-AR DISCHARGE; DC MAGNETRON DISCHARGES; MIXTURES; DEPOSITION AB In this work, the second in a series of two, a spatially averaged model of an electron beam generated Ar-N-2 plasma is developed to identify the processes behind the measured influence of trace amounts of N-2 on the development of the electron energy distribution function. The model is based on the numerical solution of the electron Boltzmann equation self-consistently coupled to a set of rate balance equations for electrons, argon and nitrogen species. Like the experiments, the calculations cover only the low-energy portion (<50 eV) of the electron energy distribution, and therefore a source term is added to the Boltzmann equation to represent ionization by the beam. Similarly, terms representing ambipolar diffusion along and across the magnetic field are added to allow for particle loss and electrostatic cooling from the ambipolar electric field. This work focuses on the changes introduced by adding a small admixture of nitrogen to an argon background. The model predictions for the electron energy distribution function, electron density and temperature are in good agreement with the experimentally measured data reported in part I, where it was found that the electron and ion energy distributions can be controlled by adjusting the fraction of nitrogen in the gas composition. C1 [Petrov, G. M.; Boris, D. R.; Petrova, Tz B.; Lock, E. H.; Fernsler, R. F.; Walton, S. G.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.petrov@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Program FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 EI 1361-6595 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 22 IS 6 AR 065005 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/22/6/065005 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 267BT UT WOS:000328070700005 ER PT J AU Akyalcin, S Dyer, DJ English, JD Sar, C AF Akyalcin, Sercan Dyer, David J. English, Jeryl D. Sar, Cagla TI Comparison of 3-dimensional dental models from different sources: Diagnostic accuracy and surface registration analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID BEAM COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DIGITAL MODELS; PLASTER MODELS; SPACE ANALYSIS; RELIABILITY; RECONSTRUCTIONS; VALIDITY; INDEX AB Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and surface matching characteristics of 3-dimensional digital dental models obtained from various sources. Methods: Three sets of maxillary and mandibular digital models of 30 subjects were included in this study. Three-dimensional stereolithography model files were obtained from a 3-dimensional laser desktop scanner (Ortho-Insight 3D; Motionview Software, Hixson, Tenn), the emodel system (GeoDigm, Chanhassen, Minn), and cone-beam computerized tomography. Arch-length discrepancy measurements were made on the 3-dimensional digital models and compared with direct caliper measurements. Additionally, stereolithography files from the 3 digital model systems were paired and superimposed using a best-fit algorithm. Average linear differences between the stereolithography shells were computed together with surface correlation amounts at various tolerance levels. Data were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients and the Tukey mean difference test. Results: Although all 3 digital model groups displayed good correlation with caliper measurements, the virtual scan models had the highest correlation with the manual method (ICC > 0.95). The Tukey mean difference test showed no consistent bias of one approach vs the others compared with caliper measurements; random errors were detected in all the comparisons. For the estimation of arch-length discrepancy, the mean bias of the scanned virtual models in comparison with caliper measurements (0.24 +/- 0.67 mm) was smaller than the mean biases of the emodels and the models generated from cone-beam computed tomography. Additionally, the best surface overlap correlation was observed between the virtual scanned models and the emodels. The mean linear distances between the stereolithography shells of these 2 model systems were 0.14 and 0.13 mm for the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively. Conclusions: All 3 digital model systems can provide diagnostic information similar to caliper measurements, with varying degrees of agreement limits. The scanned virtual models had the least mean bias. A strong surface match correlation was observed between the virtual scanned models and the emodels, indicating that these could be used interchangeably. C1 [Akyalcin, Sercan; English, Jeryl D.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Dent, Dept Orthodont, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Dyer, David J.] United States Navy, Okinawa, Japan. [Sar, Cagla] Baskent Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Orthodont, TR-06490 Ankara, Turkey. RP Akyalcin, S (reprint author), 7500 Cambridge St,Suite 5130, Houston, TX 77054 USA. EM Sercan.Akyalcin@uth.tmc.edu NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0889-5406 EI 1097-6752 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 144 IS 6 BP 831 EP 837 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.08.014 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 262VM UT WOS:000327766000008 PM 24286906 ER PT J AU Kuperminc, MN Gottrand, F Samson-Fang, L Arvedson, J Bell, K Craig, GM Sullivan, PB AF Kuperminc, M. N. Gottrand, F. Samson-Fang, L. Arvedson, J. Bell, K. Craig, G. M. Sullivan, P. B. TI Nutritional management of children with cerebral palsy: a practical guide SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cerebral palsy; children; growth; undernutrition; nutritional support; feeding difficulties ID KNEE HEIGHT; BODY-FAT; PREDICTION; MODERATE; STATURE; GROWTH; LENGTH C1 [Kuperminc, M. N.; Gottrand, F.; Samson-Fang, L.; Arvedson, J.; Bell, K.; Craig, G. M.; Sullivan, P. B.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Neurodev Pediat, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Kuperminc, MN (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Neurodev Pediat, Portsmouth, VA USA. EM michellekuperminc@gmail.com RI Bell, Kristie/C-1327-2014; gottrand, frederic/G-7370-2015 OI Bell, Kristie/0000-0002-4795-1079; gottrand, frederic/0000-0002-5290-0436 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 EI 1476-5640 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 67 SU 2 BP S21 EP S23 DI 10.1038/ejcn.2013.227 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 265BX UT WOS:000327925800007 PM 24301005 ER PT J AU Houser, DS Martin, SW Finneran, JJ AF Houser, Dorian S. Martin, Stephen W. Finneran, James J. TI Behavioral responses of California sea lions to mid-frequency (3250-3450 Hz) sonar signals SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea lion; Acoustic exposure; Behavioral response; Dose-response; Noise; Mammals; Behavior ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; AGE-DIFFERENCES; DOSE-RESPONSE; SOUNDS; NOISE; WILDLIFE; IMPACT AB Military sonar has the potential to negatively impact marine mammals. To investigate factors affecting behavioral disruption in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), fifteen sea lions participated in a controlled exposure study using a simulated tactical sonar signal (1 s duration, 3250-3450 Hz) as a stimulus. Subjects were placed into groups of three and each group received a stimulus exposure of 125, 140, 155, 170, or 185 dB re: 1 mu Pa (rms). Each subject was trained to swim across an enclosure, touch a paddle, and return to the start location. Sound exposures occurred at the mid-point of the enclosure. Control and exposure sessions were run consecutively and each consisted of ten, 30-s trials. The occurrence and severity of behavioral responses were used to create acoustic dose-response and dose-severity functions. Age of the subject significantly affected the dose-response relationship, but not the dose-severity relationship. Repetitive exposures did not affect the dose-response relationship. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Houser, Dorian S.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Martin, Stephen W.; Finneran, James J.] US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Houser, DS (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM dorian.houser@nmmfoundation.org OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 FU Office of Naval Research [N0001409WX20853]; Chief of Naval Operations Energy and Environmental Readiness Division [N0002409WX11974] FX This study was funded by the Office of Naval Research (award #N0001409WX20853) and the Chief of Naval Operations Energy and Environmental Readiness Division (award #N0002409WX11974). NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 EI 1879-0291 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 92 BP 268 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.10.007 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 260BC UT WOS:000327569000029 PM 24183102 ER PT J AU Hartings, MR Benjamin, N Briere, F Briscione, M Choudary, O Fisher, TL Flynn, L Ghias, E Harper, M Khamis, N Koenigsknecht, C Lazor, K Moss, S Robbins, E Schultz, S Yaman, S Haverhals, LM Trulove, PC De Long, HC Miller, AE Fox, DM AF Hartings, Matthew R. Benjamin, Noah Briere, Floriene Briscione, Maria Choudary, Omar Fisher, Tamra L. Flynn, Laura Ghias, Elizabeth Harper, Michaela Khamis, Nader Koenigsknecht, Catherine Lazor, Klare Moss, Steven Robbins, Elaine Schultz, Susan Yaman, Samiye Haverhals, Luke M. Trulove, Paul C. De Long, Hugh C. Miller, Abigail E. Fox, Douglas M. TI Concurrent zero-dimensional and one-dimensional biomineralization of gold from a solution of Au3+ and bovine serum albumin SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE biomineralization; gold nanoparticle; protein aggregation; protein-templated nanoparticle; peptide-templated nanoparticle ID NANOPARTICLE SUPERSTRUCTURES; INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; PROTEIN; DESIGN; SIZE; BINDING; BIONANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOSTRUCTURES; MINERALIZATION AB A technique was developed for preparing a novel material that consists of gold nanoparticles trapped within a fiber of unfolded proteins. These fibers are made in an aqueous solution that contains HAuCl4 and the protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). By changing the ratio of gold to BSA in solution, two different types of outcomes are observed. At lower gold to BSA ratios (30-120), a purple solution results after heating the mixture at 80 degrees C for 4 h. At higher gold to BSA ratios (130-170), a clear solution containing purple fibers results after heating the mixture at 80 degrees C for 4 h. UV-Vis spectroscopy and light scattering techniques show growth in nanocolloid size as gold to BSA ratio rises above 100. Data indicate that, for the higher gold to BSA ratios, the gold is sequestered within the solid material. The material mass, visible by eye, appears to be an aggregation of smaller individual fibers. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicate that these fibers are primarily one-dimensional aggregates, which can display some branching, and can be as narrow as 400 nm in size. The likely mechanism for the synthesis of the novel material is discussed. C1 [Hartings, Matthew R.; Benjamin, Noah; Briere, Floriene; Briscione, Maria; Choudary, Omar; Fisher, Tamra L.; Flynn, Laura; Ghias, Elizabeth; Harper, Michaela; Khamis, Nader; Koenigsknecht, Catherine; Lazor, Klare; Moss, Steven; Robbins, Elaine; Schultz, Susan; Yaman, Samiye; Miller, Abigail E.; Fox, Douglas M.] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Haverhals, Luke M.; Trulove, Paul C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] US Air Force Off Sci Res, Directorate Math Informat & Life Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Hartings, MR (reprint author), Amer Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 Massachusetts Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM hartings@american.edu OI Hartings, Matthew/0000-0003-0658-939X FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX MRH thanks Jeesoeng Hwang of NIST in Gaithersburg, MD for use of the DLS instrument. MRH also thanks Professor Stefano Costanzi of American University and Professor Mustafa Guler of Bilkent University for their discussions and helpful guidance. We are grateful to the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding and personnel and also to the US Naval Academy for facilities utilized to perform this work. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Air Force or the US Navy. The paper was written through contributions of all authors. All authors approved to the final version of the paper. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 31 PU NATL INST MATERIALS SCIENCE PI IBARAKI PA NATL INST MATERIALS SCIENCE, 1-2-1 SENGEN, TSUKUBA-CITY, IBARAKI, 305-0047, JAPAN SN 1468-6996 J9 SCI TECHNOL ADV MAT JI Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 14 IS 6 AR 065004 DI 10.1088/1468-6996/14/6/065004 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 263DJ UT WOS:000327786500006 PM 27877624 ER PT J AU Tran, BR Thomas, AG Vaida, F Ditsela, M Phetogo, R Kelapile, D Chambers, C Haubrich, R Shaffer, R AF Tran, Bonnie Robin Thomas, Anne Goldzier Vaida, Florin Ditsela, Mooketsi Phetogo, Robert Kelapile, David Chambers, Christina Haubrich, Richard Shaffer, Richard TI COMPARISONS OF REPORTED SEXUAL BEHAVIORS FROM A RETROSPECTIVE SURVEY VERSUS A PROSPECTIVE DIARY IN THE BOTSWANA DEFENCE FORCE SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID CONDOM USE; SELF-REPORTS; METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES; QUESTION FORMAT; COLLECTION MODE; RISK BEHAVIOR; RELIABILITY; ACCURACY; RECALL; COUPLES AB This study compares self-reported sexual behaviors from a retrospective survey and a prospective diary among Botswana Defence Force (BDF) personnel. One hundred sixty-one male participants, aged 18-30, completed two weekly prospective diaries and a retrospective survey querying them about behaviors reported during the same time frame as the diaries. Most reported behaviors were similar between the two data collection methods. However, there was low agreement for reporting sex with a spouse and exchanging material goods for sex with a casual partner; frequency of sex and condom use rates (CURs) among married participants also differed. When comparing survey condom use frequencies to diary CURs, the level of agreement diminished from the always to occasionally condom use categories. Inconsistencies in reporting may be due to the frequency of the sexual behavior, question sensitivity, the data collection setting, and the interpretation of response categories. Further research is needed to improve accurate reporting of sexual behaviors. C1 [Tran, Bonnie Robin; Thomas, Anne Goldzier; Shaffer, Richard] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def HIV AIDS Prevent Program, San Diego, CA USA. [Vaida, Florin] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biostat & Bioinformat, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Ditsela, Mooketsi; Phetogo, Robert] Botswana Def Force, Gaborone, Botswana. [Kelapile, David] US Embassy, Gaborone, Botswana. [Chambers, Christina] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat & Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Haubrich, Richard] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Tran, BR (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM bonnie.tran@med.navy.mil FU NIAID NIH HHS [K24 AI064086, P30 AI036214] NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 EI 1943-2755 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 25 IS 6 BP 495 EP 507 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 257VO UT WOS:000327416100004 PM 24245596 ER PT J AU Traves, W AF Traves, Will TI From Pascal's Theorem to d-Constructible Curves SO AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY LA English DT Article ID CAYLEY-BACHARACH AB We prove a generalization of both Pascal's Theorem and its converse, the Braikenridge-Maclaurin Theorem: If two sets of k lines meet in k(2) distinct points, and if dk of those points lie on an irreducible curve C of degree d, then the remaining k(k - d) points lie on a unique curve S of degree k - d. If S is a curve of degree k d produced in this manner using a curve C of degree d, we say that S is d-constructible. For fixed degree d, we show that almost every curve of high degree is not d-constructible. In contrast, almost all curves of degree 3 or less are d-constructible. The proof of this last result uses the group structure on an elliptic curve and is inspired by a construction due to Mobius. The exposition is embellished with several exercises designed to amuse the reader. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Traves, W (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Mail Stop 9E, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM traves@usna.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1529 18TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-9890 EI 1930-0972 J9 AM MATH MON JI Am. Math. Mon. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 120 IS 10 BP 901 EP 915 DI 10.4169/amer.math.monthly.120.10.901 PG 15 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 260FR UT WOS:000327580900004 ER PT J AU Evans, M Rohan, KJ Sitnikov, L Mahon, JN Nillni, YI Lindsey, K Vacek, PM AF Evans, Maggie Rohan, Kelly J. Sitnikov, Lilya Mahon, Jennifer N. Nillni, Yael I. Tierney Lindsey, Kathryn Vacek, Pamela M. TI Cognitive Change Across Cognitive-Behavioral and Light Therapy Treatments for Seasonal Affective Disorder: What Accounts for Clinical Status the Next Winter? SO COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Seasonal affective disorder; Light therapy; Cognitive-behavioral therapy; Cognitive mechanisms; Treatment durability ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RESPONSE STYLES; PRIMARY-CARE; DEPRESSION; PHARMACOTHERAPY; COMBINATION; MOOD; MEDICATION; MECHANISMS; IMIPRAMINE AB Efficacious treatments for seasonal affective disorder include light therapy and a seasonal affective disorder-tailored form of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Using data from a parent clinical trial, these secondary analyses examined the relationship between cognitive change over treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, or combination treatment and mood outcomes the next winter. Sixty-nine participants were randomly assigned to 6-weeks of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, or combination treatment. Cognitive constructs (i.e., dysfunctional attitudes, negative automatic thoughts, and rumination) were assessed at pre- and post-treatment. Dysfunctional attitudes, negative automatic thoughts, and rumination improved over acute treatment, regardless of modality; however, in participants randomized to solo cognitive-behavioral therapy, a greater degree of improvement in dysfunctional attitudes and automatic thoughts was uniquely associated with less severe depressive symptoms the next winter. Change in maladaptive thoughts during acute treatment appears mechanistic of solo cognitive-behavioral therapy's enduring effects the next winter, but is simply a consequence of diminished depression in light therapy and combination treatment. C1 [Evans, Maggie; Rohan, Kelly J.; Sitnikov, Lilya; Mahon, Jennifer N.] Univ Vermont, Dept Psychol, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. [Nillni, Yael I.] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, Womens Hlth Sci Div, Boston, MA USA. [Nillni, Yael I.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Tierney Lindsey, Kathryn] US Naval Acad, Dept Psychol, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Vacek, Pamela M.] Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. RP Evans, M (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Psychol, John Dewey Hall,2 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. EM mevans1@uvm.edu NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0147-5916 EI 1573-2819 J9 COGNITIVE THER RES JI Cogn. Ther. Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1201 EP 1213 DI 10.1007/s10608-013-9561-0 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 253XS UT WOS:000327123700012 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, Peter J. TI Design Thinking SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat, Monterey, CA USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat, Monterey, CA USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 EI 1557-7317 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD DEC PY 2013 VL 56 IS 12 BP 29 EP 31 DI 10.1145/2535915 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 261MH UT WOS:000327668600014 ER PT J AU Fleming, B AF Fleming, Bruce TI Carved from Granite: West Point since 1902. SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 [Fleming, Bruce] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fleming, B (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0018-2370 EI 1540-6563 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD DEC PY 2013 VL 75 IS 4 BP 834 EP 835 DI 10.1111/hisn.12023_10 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 256IG UT WOS:000327302400014 ER PT J AU Chao, CF Chen, KS Lee, JS AF Chao, Chin-Fu Chen, Kun-Shan Lee, Jong-Sen TI Refined Filtering of Interferometric Phase From InSAR Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Filter; interferometric phase; synthetic aperture radar ID SAR IMAGERY; NOISE; RADAR; REDUCTION; INTENSITY AB Radar interferometry has been widely applied in measuring the terrain height and its changes. The information about surface can be derived from phase interferograms. However, the inherent phase noise reduces the accuracy and reliability of that information. Hence, the minimization of phase noise is essential prior to the retrieval of surface information that is embedded in an interferometric phase. This paper presents a refined filter based on the Lee adaptive complex filter and the improved sigma filter that was originally developed for amplitude image filtering. The basic idea is to adaptively filter the interferometric phase according to the local noise level to minimize the loss of signal for a particular pattern of fringes, including such extreme cases as involving broken fringes, following the removal of undesired pixels. Ultimately, the goals are to preserve the fringe pattern, to reduce phase bias and deviation, to reduce the number of residues, and to minimize the phase error. The preservation of the fringe pattern is particularly of concern in areas of high frequency of fringe and large phase gradient corresponding to steep terrains. The proposed refined filter was validated using both simulated data and real interferometric data. Results demonstrate that the filtering performance is better than that of commonly used filters. C1 [Chao, Chin-Fu; Chen, Kun-Shan] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan. [Lee, Jong-Sen] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chao, CF (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2013 VL 51 IS 12 BP 5315 EP 5323 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2234467 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 259VE UT WOS:000327553600012 ER PT J AU Grinstein, S Baselga, M Boscardin, M Christophersen, M Da Via, C Dalla Betta, GF Darbo, G Fadeyev, V Fleta, C Gemme, C Grenier, P Jimenez, A Lopez, I Micelli, A Nelist, C Parker, S Pellegrini, G Phlips, B Pohl, DL Sadrozinski, HFW Sicho, P Tsiskaridze, S AF Grinstein, S. Baselga, M. Boscardin, M. Christophersen, M. Da Via, C. Dalla Betta, G. -F. Darbo, G. Fadeyev, V. Fleta, C. Gemme, C. Grenier, P. Jimenez, A. Lopez, I. Micelli, A. Nelist, C. Parker, S. Pellegrini, G. Phlips, B. Pohl, D. -L. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sicho, P. Tsiskaridze, S. TI Beam test studies of 3D pixel sensors irradiated non-uniformly for the ATLAS forward physics detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Radiation Effects on Semiconductor Materials, Detectors and Devices (RESMDD) CY OCT 09-12, 2012 CL Dipartimento Fis Astronomia, Sezione Astronomia Sci Spazio, Florence, ITALY SP Univ Studi Firenze HO Dipartimento Fis Astronomia, Sezione Astronomia Sci Spazio DE ATLAS upgrade; Pixel detectors; 3D pixels; Radiation hardness; High energy physics AB Pixel detectors with cylindrical electrodes that penetrate the silicon substrate (so called 3D detectors) offer advantages over standard planar sensors in terms of radiation hardness, since the electrode distance is decoupled from the bulk thickness. In recent years significant progress has been made in the development of 3D sensors, which culminated in the sensor production for the ATLAS Insertable B-Layer (IBL) upgrade carried out at CNM (Barcelona, Spain) and FBK (Trento, Italy). Based on thin success, the ATLAS Forward Physics (APP) experiment has selected the 3D pixel sensor technology for the tracking detector. The APP project presents a new challenge due to the need for a reduced dead area with respect to IBL, and the in-homogeneous nature of the radiation dose distribution in the sensor. Electrical characterization of the first AFP prototypes and beam test studies of 3D pixel devices irradiated non-uniformly are presented in this paper. (C) 2013 Elsevier By. All rights reserved, C1 [Grinstein, S.; Jimenez, A.; Lopez, I.; Micelli, A.; Tsiskaridze, S.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Grinstein, S.; Jimenez, A.; Lopez, I.; Micelli, A.; Tsiskaridze, S.] IFAE, Barcelona, Spain. [Baselga, M.; Fleta, C.; Pellegrini, G.] CSIC, Ctr Nacl Microelect, CNM IMB, Barcelona, Spain. [Boscardin, M.] Fdn Bruno Kessler, FBK CMM, Trento, Italy. [Christophersen, M.; Phlips, B.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Da Via, C.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Dalla Betta, G. -F.; Gemme, C.] Univ Trent, Trento, Italy. [Dalla Betta, G. -F.; Gemme, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-38050 Trento, Italy. [Darbo, G.; Nelist, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Fadeyev, V.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Grenier, P.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Parker, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Univ Hawaii, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pohl, D. -L.] Univ Bonn, Bonn, Germany. [Sicho, P.] ASCR, Inst Phys, Vvi, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Grinstein, S (reprint author), ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. EM sgrinstein@ifae.es RI Boscardin, Maurizio/A-4420-2014; Fleta, Celeste/D-7303-2014; Dalla Betta, Gian-Franco/I-1783-2012; Christophersen, Marc/B-6795-2008; Grinstein, Sebastian/N-3988-2014; Pellegrini, Giulio/F-4921-2011; OI Fleta, Celeste/0000-0002-6591-6744; Dalla Betta, Gian-Franco/0000-0001-5516-9282; Grinstein, Sebastian/0000-0002-6460-8694; Pellegrini, Giulio/0000-0002-1606-3546; Baselga, Marta/0000-0002-1533-0876 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 730 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2013.03.064 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 251QE UT WOS:000326944100007 ER PT J AU Shen, YC Sim, WC Caughey, AB Howard, DH AF Shen, Yu-Chu Sim, Wee Chung Caughey, Aaron B. Howard, David H. TI Can major systematic reviews influence practice patterns? A case study of episiotomy trends SO ARCHIVES OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE Episiotomy; Practice pattern; Interrupted time series regression models ID PERINEAL MANAGEMENT TRIAL; VAGINAL DELIVERY; TIME; CARE; OUTCOMES; ROUTINE AB Episiotomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures among women of childbearing age in the United States. In 2005, a major systematic review conducted by Hartmann and colleagues recommended against routine use of episiotomy and was widely covered in the media. We assessed the impact of the Hartman et al. study on episiotomy trend. Based on 100 % hospital discharge data from eight states in 2003-2008, we used interrupted time series regression models to estimate the impact of the Hartman et al. review on episiotomy rates. We used mixed-effects regression models to assess whether interhospital variation was reduced over time. After controlling for underlying trend, episiotomy rates dropped by 1.4 percentage points after Hartman et al. publication (p < 0.01 for spontaneous delivery; p < 0.1 for operative delivery). The publication has smaller effect on government hospitals as compared to private hospitals. Mixed effects models estimated negative correlation between cross-time and cross-hospital variations in episiotomy rates, indicating reduced cross-hospital variation over time. Our results suggested that there has been a gradual decline in episiotomy rates over the period 2003-2008, and that synthesis of evidence showing harms from routine episiotomy had limited impact on practice patterns in the case of episiotomy. The experience of episiotomy illustrates the challenge of using comparative effectiveness and evidenced-based medicine to reduce use of unnecessary procedures. C1 [Shen, Yu-Chu; Sim, Wee Chung] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Code GB, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Shen, Yu-Chu] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Caughey, Aaron B.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Howard, David H.] Emory Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Shen, YC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Code GB, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yshen@nps.edu NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0932-0067 EI 1432-0711 J9 ARCH GYNECOL OBSTET JI Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 288 IS 6 BP 1285 EP 1293 DI 10.1007/s00404-013-2904-y PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 250VP UT WOS:000326884700019 PM 23764930 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Scaife, AA Boer, GJ Caian, M Doblas-Reyes, FJ Guemas, V Hawkins, E Hazeleger, W Hermanson, L Ho, CK Ishii, M Kharin, V Kimoto, M Kirtman, B Lean, J Matei, D Merryfield, WJ Muller, WA Pohlmann, H Rosati, A Wouters, B Wyser, K AF Smith, Doug M. Scaife, Adam A. Boer, George J. Caian, Mihaela Doblas-Reyes, Francisco J. Guemas, Virginie Hawkins, Ed Hazeleger, Wilco Hermanson, Leon Ho, Chun Kit Ishii, Masayoshi Kharin, Viatcheslav Kimoto, Masahide Kirtman, Ben Lean, Judith Matei, Daniela Merryfield, William J. Mueller, Wolfgang A. Pohlmann, Holger Rosati, Anthony Wouters, Bert Wyser, Klaus TI Real-time multi-model decadal climate predictions SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Decadal climate prediction; Multi-model ensemble; Forecast ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; DATA ASSIMILATION; ATLANTIC HURRICANES; NORTH-AMERICAN; ENSEMBLE; MODEL; DESIGN AB We present the first climate prediction of the coming decade made with multiple models, initialized with prior observations. This prediction accrues from an international activity to exchange decadal predictions in near real-time, in order to assess differences and similarities, provide a consensus view to prevent over-confidence in forecasts from any single model, and establish current collective capability. We stress that the forecast is experimental, since the skill of the multi-model system is as yet unknown. Nevertheless, the forecast systems used here are based on models that have undergone rigorous evaluation and individually have been evaluated for forecast skill. Moreover, it is important to publish forecasts to enable open evaluation, and to provide a focus on climate change in the coming decade. Initialized forecasts of the year 2011 agree well with observations, with a pattern correlation of 0.62 compared to 0.31 for uninitialized projections. In particular, the forecast correctly predicted La Nia in the Pacific, and warm conditions in the north Atlantic and USA. A similar pattern is predicted for 2012 but with a weaker La Nia. Indices of Atlantic multi-decadal variability and Pacific decadal variability show no signal beyond climatology after 2015, while temperature in the Nio3 region is predicted to warm slightly by about 0.5 A degrees C over the coming decade. However, uncertainties are large for individual years and initialization has little impact beyond the first 4 years in most regions. Relative to uninitialized forecasts, initialized forecasts are significantly warmer in the north Atlantic sub-polar gyre and cooler in the north Pacific throughout the decade. They are also significantly cooler in the global average and over most land and ocean regions out to several years ahead. However, in the absence of volcanic eruptions, global temperature is predicted to continue to rise, with each year from 2013 onwards having a 50 % chance of exceeding the current observed record. Verification of these forecasts will provide an important opportunity to test the performance of models and our understanding and knowledge of the drivers of climate change. C1 [Smith, Doug M.; Scaife, Adam A.; Hermanson, Leon] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Boer, George J.; Kharin, Viatcheslav; Merryfield, William J.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Caian, Mihaela; Wyser, Klaus] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, Rossby Ctr, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Doblas-Reyes, Francisco J.; Guemas, Virginie] Inst Catala Ciencies Clima, Barcelona 08005, Spain. [Hawkins, Ed; Ho, Chun Kit] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, NCAS Climate, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Hazeleger, Wilco; Wouters, Bert] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Hazeleger, Wilco] Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Ishii, Masayoshi] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Kimoto, Masahide] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Kirtman, Ben] Univ Miami, RSMAS MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lean, Judith] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Matei, Daniela; Mueller, Wolfgang A.; Pohlmann, Holger] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Rosati, Anthony] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM doug.smith@metoffice.gov.uk RI kimoto, masahide/P-9077-2014; Guemas, Virginie/B-9090-2016; Hawkins, Ed/B-7921-2011; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/C-1228-2016; OI Guemas, Virginie/0000-0002-6340-3558; Hawkins, Ed/0000-0001-9477-3677; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/0000-0002-6622-4280; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639; Wouters, Bert/0000-0002-1086-2435 FU DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre [GA01101]; EU; BMBF; NOAA [NA10OAR4320143, NA10OAR4310203]; EU [FP7-ENV-2009-1-243964, FP7-ENV-2010-265192]; MICINN [CGL2010-20657]; Catalan Government; KAKUSHIN program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan; Japan Meteorological Agency; KAKUSHIN Program FX This work was supported by the joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101), and the EU FP7 THOR and COMBINE projects. MPI work was supported by the BMBF Nordatlantik and MiKlip projects. Ben Kirtman was supported by NOAA grants NA10OAR4320143 and NA10OAR4310203. IC3 work was supported by the EU-funded QWeCI (FP7-ENV-2009-1-243964) and CLIM-RUN projects (FP7-ENV-2010-265192), the MICINN-funded RUCSS (CGL2010-20657) projects and the Catalan Government. The IC3 authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources, technical expertise and assistance provided by the Red Espanola de Supercomputacion (RES), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) under the special project SPESICCF, and Muhammad Asif for his invaluable support in running the experiments. NASA supported J. Lean. MIROC work was supported by the KAKUSHIN program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan. The Earth Simulator of JAMSTEC was employed to perform MIROC experiments. MRI work was supported by the Japan Meteorological Agency research program and partly by the KAKUSHIN Program. NR 58 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 41 IS 11-12 BP 2875 EP 2888 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1600-0 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 253JF UT WOS:000327080400005 ER PT J AU Lee, H Chang, A Peirsman, Y Chambers, N Surdeanu, M Jurafsky, D AF Lee, Heeyoung Chang, Angel Peirsman, Yves Chambers, Nathanael Surdeanu, Mihai Jurafsky, Dan TI Deterministic Coreference Resolution Based on Entity-Centric, Precision-Ranked Rules SO COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS LA English DT Article AB We propose a new deterministic approach to coreference resolution that combines the global information and precise features of modern machine-learning models with the transparency and modularity of deterministic, rule-based systems. Our sieve architecture applies a battery of deterministic coreference models one at a time from highest to lowest precision, where each model builds on the previous model's cluster output. The two stages of our sieve-based architecture, a mention detection stage that heavily favors recall, followed by coreference sieves that are precision-oriented, offer a powerful way to achieve both high precision and high recall. Further, our approach makes use of global information through an entity-centric model that encourages the sharing of features across all mentions that point to the same real-world entity. Despite its simplicity, our approach gives state-of-the-art performance on several corpora and genres, and has also been incorporated into hybrid state-of-the-art coreference systems for Chinese and Arabic. Our system thus offers a new paradigm for combining knowledge in rule-based systems that has implications throughout computational linguistics. C1 [Lee, Heeyoung; Chang, Angel; Jurafsky, Dan] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Peirsman, Yves] Univ Leuven, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Chambers, Nathanael] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Surdeanu, Mihai] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM heeyoung@stanford.edu; angelx@cs.stanford.edu; yves.peirsman@arts.kuleuven.be; nchamber@usna.edu; msurdeanu@email.arizona.edu; jurafsky@stanford.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Machine Reading Program under Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8750-09-C-0181] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Machine Reading Program under Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) prime contract no. FA8750-09-C-0181. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the DARPA, AFRL, or the U.S. government. We gratefully thank Aria Haghighi, Marta Recasens, Karthik Raghunathan, and Chris Manning for useful suggestions; Sameer Pradhan for help with the CoNLL infrastructure; the Stanford NLP Group for help throughout; and the four anonymous reviewers for extremely helpful feedback. NR 85 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE ROGERS ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1209 USA SN 0891-2017 EI 1530-9312 J9 COMPUT LINGUIST JI Comput. Linguist. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 39 IS 4 BP 885 EP 916 DI 10.1162/COLI_a_00152 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Computer Science; Linguistics GA 253YC UT WOS:000327124700003 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, CV Nichols, JM Bucholtz, F AF McLaughlin, Colin V. Nichols, Jonathan M. Bucholtz, Frank TI Basis Mismatch in a Compressively Sampled Photonic Link SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Compressive sampling; basis mismatch; sparse recovery; photonics; analog-to-digital conversion AB To accurately reproduce an incoming signal, compressive sampling requires that the signal have a sparse representation from within a finite basis or dictionary of vectors. If the incoming signal cannot be sparsely represented by vectors within the given basis or dictionary-a situation sometimes termed basis mismatch-then reconstruction error or failure is likely. In this letter, we present both simulated and experimental results showing the influence of basis mismatch on the ability of a photonic compressive sampling system to accurately reconstruct harmonic signals. Our reconstruction algorithm utilizes gradient projection for sparse reconstruction coupled with a discrete Fourier basis. C1 [McLaughlin, Colin V.; Nichols, Jonathan M.; Bucholtz, Frank] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McLaughlin, CV (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM colin.mclaughlin@nrl.navy.mil; jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil; frank.bucholtz@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 EI 1941-0174 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 23 BP 2297 EP 2300 DI 10.1109/LPT.2013.2285309 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 252DB UT WOS:000326983800006 ER PT J AU Dawson, TH AF Dawson, Thomas H. TI Scaling adult dose and schedule of anticancer agents to children SO JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dose scaling; Adult; Child; Anticancer agents; Plasma concentrations; Carboplatin; Docetaxel; Etoposide; Melphalan ID REFRACTORY SOLID TUMORS; CANCER-GROUP; PHASE-I; PHARMACOKINETICS; CARBOPLATIN; DOCETAXEL; LEUKEMIA; INFUSION; FORMULA; TRIAL AB Objective of this work was to extend pharmacokinetic scaling theory of the writer for bolus dosing to include the case of constant-rate i.v. dosing over fixed interval so as to allow projection of adult dose and schedule of typically administered anticancer agents to children. The basis for the scaling is the requirement of time-scaled likeness of the plasma concentrations of an agent for adult and child. Algebraic expressions are established for describing the time history of the concentrations, and formulas for dose and dosing interval are determined so as to ensure the requirement on concentrations. Scaling results for simple drug behavior are illustrated using clinical data for the anticancer agent carboplatin. Basic aspects of the theory are confirmed for dose and dosing interval of adult and 4-year-old child. The theory is also shown to describe tolerable doses for children when scaled from adult dosing requirements and to have application in determining dosing conditions for children requiring individualized dosing because of renal impairment. Scaling with more complex drug behavior is illustrated using preclinical and clinical data for the anticancer agent docetaxel. Adult-to-child scaling is demonstrated and shown to be consistent with previously reported clinical data. Additional consideration is given to the anticancer agents etoposide and melphalan, as widely used in pediatric chemotherapy, and also to the modern practice of combination chemotherapy. Basic theory for scaling adult dose and schedule of anticancer agents to children is presented and demonstrated to be plausible in providing insight into existing and proposed pediatric treatment protocols. C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Dawson, TH (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM dawson@usna.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0171-5216 EI 1432-1335 J9 J CANCER RES CLIN JI J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 139 IS 12 BP 2035 EP 2045 DI 10.1007/s00432-013-1508-z PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 251MB UT WOS:000326932000008 PM 24072230 ER PT J AU Ge, XY Li, T Peng, M AF Ge, Xuyang Li, Tim Peng, Melinda TI Effects of Vertical Shears and Midlevel Dry Air on Tropical Cyclone Developments SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones ID PART II; HURRICANE; CYCLOGENESIS; MODEL; LAYER; INTENSITY; ATLANTIC; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; GENESIS AB A set of idealized experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) were designed to investigate the impacts of a midlevel dry air layer, vertical shear, and their combined effects on tropical cyclone (TC) development. Compared with previous studies that focused on the relative radial position of dry air with no mean flow, it is found that the combined effect of dry air and environmental vertical shear can greatly affect TC development. Moreover, this study indicates the importance of dry air and vertical shear orientations in determining the impact. The background vertical shear causes the tilting of an initially vertically aligned vortex. The shear forces a secondary circulation (FSC) with ascent (descent) in the downshear (upshear) flank. Hence, convection tends to be favored on the downshear side. The FSC reinforced by the convection may overcome the shear-induced drifting and restore the vertical alignment. When dry air is located in the downshear-right quadrant of the initial vortex, the dry advection by cyclonic circulation brings the dry air to the downshear side and suppresses moist convection therein. Such a process disrupts the restoring mechanism associated with the FSC and thus inhibits TC development. The sensitivity experiments show that, for a fixed dry air condition, a marked difference occurs in TC development between an easterly and a westerly shear background. C1 [Ge, Xuyang; Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. [Peng, Melinda] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. EM timli@hawaii.edu FU ONR [N00014-0810256]; International Pacific Research Center; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); NASA [NNX07AG53G]; NOAA [NA17RJ1230]; China NSF [41075037] FX This work was supported by ONR Grant N00014-0810256 and by the International Pacific Research Center that is sponsored by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), NASA (NNX07AG53G), and NOAA (NA17RJ1230). The first author is also supported by China NSF Grant 41075037. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 70 IS 12 BP 3859 EP 3875 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-066.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 255GX UT WOS:000327228500003 ER PT J AU Ward, WH Donahue, DR Platz, TA Scibelli, CD AF Ward, William H. Donahue, David R. Platz, Timothy A. Scibelli, Christopher D. TI Duodenal penetration of an inferior vena cava filter: case report and literature review SO VASCULAR LA English DT Article DE IVC filter; duodenum; penetration; migration; inferior vena cava ID VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; TRAUMA PATIENTS; MIGRATION AB The insertion of inferior vena cava filters (IVCF) is a well-known therapy used in the prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE). The incidence of IVCF-related complications is low and complete caval penetration of a filter with adjacent organ injury has a reported incidence of 0-1%. We report the case of an 18-year-old male who sustained a spinal cord injury after a motor vehicle crash. The patient received a prophylactic IVCF and subsequently presented with right flank pain, postprandial nausea, and vomiting. His exam was benign and a computed tomography scan revealed extra-caval penetration of the filter with struts within the duodenal lumen and psoas muscle. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy with extraction of the filter, inferior vena cava venorrhaphy, and repair of the duodenal injury. This complication illustrates the potential morbidity of a common procedure and emphasizes the importance of investigating the IVCF as a possible source of abdominal pain. C1 [Ward, William H.; Donahue, David R.; Platz, Timothy A.; Scibelli, Christopher D.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Ward, WH (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM william.ward@med.navy.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1708-5381 EI 1708-539X J9 VASCULAR JI Vascular PD DEC PY 2013 VL 21 IS 6 BP 386 EP 390 DI 10.1177/1708538112472161 PG 5 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 255MZ UT WOS:000327245200009 PM 23493276 ER PT J AU O'Rourke, KH Rahman, AS Taylor, AM AF O'Rourke, Kevin Hjortshoj Rahman, Ahmed S. Taylor, Alan M. TI Luddites, the industrial revolution, and the demographic transition SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Skill bias; Directed technological change; Endogenous growth; Demography; Unified growth theory ID DIRECTED TECHNICAL CHANGE; CHILD LABOR; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; MANUFACTURING CENSUSES; TECHNOLOGICAL-CHANGE; PUBLIC-SCHOOLS; STAGNATION; POPULATION; INNOVATION AB Technological change was unskilled-labor-biased during the early industrial revolution, but is skill-biased today. This implies a rich set of non-monotonic macroeconomic dynamics which are not embedded in extant unified growth models. We present historical evidence and develop a model which can endogenously account for these facts, where factor bias reflects profit-maximizing decisions by innovators. In a setup with directed technological change, and fixed as well as variable costs of education, initial endowments dictate that the early industrial revolution be unskilled-labor-biased. Increasing basic knowledge then causes a growth takeoff, an income-led demand for fewer but more educated children, and a transition to skill-biased technological change in the long run. C1 [O'Rourke, Kevin Hjortshoj] Univ Oxford, CEPR, Oxford, England. [O'Rourke, Kevin Hjortshoj] Univ Oxford, NBER, Oxford, England. [Rahman, Ahmed S.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Taylor, Alan M.] Univ Calif Davis, NBER, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Taylor, Alan M.] Univ Calif Davis, CEPR, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Taylor, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, NBER, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kevin.orourke@all-souls.ox.ac.uk; rahman@usna.edu; amtaylor@ucdavis.edu RI O'Rourke, Kevin/B-5927-2008 OI O'Rourke, Kevin/0000-0001-6272-2090 NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-4338 EI 1573-7020 J9 J ECON GROWTH JI J. Econ. Growth PD DEC PY 2013 VL 18 IS 4 BP 373 EP 409 DI 10.1007/s10887-013-9096-y PG 37 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 248KT UT WOS:000326699100002 ER PT J AU Rachmeler, LA Gibson, SE Dove, JB DeVore, CR Fan, Y AF Rachmeler, L. A. Gibson, S. E. Dove, J. B. DeVore, C. R. Fan, Y. TI Polarimetric Properties of Flux Ropes and Sheared Arcades in Coronal Prominence Cavities SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Corona, quiet; Magnetic fields, corona; Polarization; Prominences, models ID EMISSION-LINE POLARIZATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MASS EJECTIONS; SPECTRAL-LINES; SOLAR PROMINENCES; MODEL; TEMPERATURES; TOMOGRAPHY; VECTOR; SOHO AB The coronal magnetic field is the primary driver of solar dynamic events. Linear and circular polarization signals of certain infrared coronal emission lines contain information about the magnetic field, and to access this information either a forward or an inversion method must be used. We study three coronal magnetic configurations that are applicable to polar-crown filament cavities by doing forward calculations to produce synthetic polarization data. We analyze these forward data to determine the distinguishing characteristics of each model. We conclude that it is possible to distinguish between cylindrical flux ropes, spheromak flux ropes, and sheared arcades using coronal polarization measurements. If one of these models is found to be consistent with observational measurements, it will mean positive identification of the magnetic morphology that surrounds certain quiescent filaments, which will lead to a better understanding of how they form and why they erupt. C1 [Rachmeler, L. A.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Rachmeler, L. A.] Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Gibson, S. E.; Fan, Y.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Dove, J. B.] Metropolitan State Univ Denver, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [DeVore, C. R.] Naval Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gibson, SE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM rachmeler@oma.be; sgibson@ucar.edu RI DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X FU NASA; National Science Foundation; NASA [NNX08AU30G]; HAO visitors' fund, STFC (UK); PRODEX [C90193] FX The authors would like to thank R. Casini, P. Judge, and S. Tomczyk for many helpful conversations on coronal polarization and CoMP in general, and this article in specific. We would also like to thank all those who have contributed to the continued expansion of the FORWARD model. LAR acknowledges the HAO visitors' fund, STFC (UK), and PRODEX grant C90193 managed by the European Space Agency in collaboration with the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office for financial support. This work was also supported in part by NASA grant NNX08AU30G. CRD acknowledges support from NASA for his participation. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 288 IS 2 BP 617 EP 636 DI 10.1007/s11207-013-0325-5 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 249XK UT WOS:000326813900010 ER PT J AU Kilcoyne, KG Dickens, JF Rue, JP Keblish, DJ AF Kilcoyne, Kelly G. Dickens, Jonathan F. Rue, John-Paul Keblish, David J. TI Bilateral Combined Discoid Lateral Menisci and Lateral Femoral Condyle Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions in a Division I Varsity Athlete: A Case Report SO JOURNAL OF KNEE SURGERY LA English DT Article DE discoid; meniscus; osteochondritis; knee ID KNEE AB Discoid menisci can be a source of pain for patients, and pose treatment challenges to the treating surgeon. Additional associated intra-articular pathology, specifically osteochondral defects, can further complicate the clinical picture. The incidence of lateral discoid meniscus is variable based on the population, with a range of 0.4 to 17%, with bilateral involvement in up to 19% of these cases. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is exceedingly rare, with an incidence of 0.015% in one study; however, some authors have suggested a correlation between the development of OCD and the presence of an unstable or torn lateral discoid meniscus. We present a case, the first to our knowledge, of bilateral lateral femoral condyle OCD in the presence of bilateral, asymptomatic, complete lateral discoid menisci. C1 [Kilcoyne, Kelly G.; Dickens, Jonathan F.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Washington, DC 20012 USA. [Rue, John-Paul; Keblish, David J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Orthopaed & Sports Med, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kilcoyne, KG (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20012 USA. EM kelly.kilcoyne@med.navy.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1538-8506 EI 1938-2480 J9 J KNEE SURG JI J. Knee Surg. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 26 SU 1 BP S58 EP S62 DI 10.1055/s-0031-1299657 PG 5 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA AW9MK UT WOS:000346581400013 PM 23288777 ER PT J AU Ahn, ES Longman, RW Kim, JJ Agrawal, BN AF Ahn, Edwin S. Longman, Richard W. Kim, Jae J. Agrawal, Brij N. TI Evaluation of Five Control Algorithms for Addressing CMG Induced Jitter on a Spacecraft Testbed SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Jitter mitigation; Optical relay spacecraft; Repetitive control; Adaptive control AB Spacecraft often experience jitter from reaction wheels, control moment gyros (CMGs), or from motion of other internal parts. One may isolate fine pointing equipment by passive techniques, but active vibration control employing knowledge of the periodic nature of jitter can improve performance. Previous work by the authors and co-workers tested active isolation using a 6 degree-of-freedom Stewart platform. A new class of applications is laser communication relay satellites, which replaces radio frequencies communication by laser communications. Laser beam jitter can be corrected by control of tip and tilt in fast steering mirrors. This paper develops experiments testing five candidate jitter cancellation algorithms on the Bifocal Relay Mirror Spacecraft, Three Axis Simulator 2 testbed at the Naval Postgraduate School. Jitter results from the CMGs. Multiple period repetitive control (MPRC) and matched basis function repetitive control (MBFRC) are tested. Both use disturbance period information from Hall effect sensors for the CMG three phase brushless DC motors. Filtered-XLMS, adaptive linear model predictive control, and the Clear Box algorithm with Adaptive Basis Method are also tested. The best disturbance rejection resulted from the last of these choices, with a 66 % overall amplitude reduction. Concerning MPRC it was discovered that repeating an addressed period can be used as a technique to decrease sensitivity to accurate knowledge of the disturbance period. C1 [Ahn, Edwin S.; Longman, Richard W.] Columbia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Longman, Richard W.] Columbia Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kim, Jae J.; Agrawal, Brij N.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Longman, RW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA.; Longman, RW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM rw14@columbia.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0021-9142 EI 2195-0571 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 60 IS 3-4 BP 434 EP 467 DI 10.1007/s40295-015-0066-9 PG 34 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA V41VW UT WOS:000209574700011 ER PT J AU Mamczak, CN Streubel, PN Gardner, MJ Ricci, WM AF Mamczak, Christiaan N. Streubel, Philipp N. Gardner, Michael J. Ricci, William M. TI Unravelling the debate over orthopaedic trauma transfers: The sender's perspective SO INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED LA English DT Article DE Orthopaedic trauma transfers; Appropriateness of transfer; Orthopaedic call crisis ID PATIENT TRANSFER; INJURIES; ROOM AB Introduction: The increasing frequency of orthopaedic trauma patient transfers is an issue at the centre of the current orthopaedic "call crisis'' that has the potential to inundate resources at tertiary care centres. Appropriateness of transfer has been investigated only from the perspective of receiving surgeons. This study investigates the suitability and reasons for orthopaedic trauma patient transfer from the viewpoint of transferring surgeons. Methods: A questionnaire was e-mailed to a random sampling of 500 active members of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and the Orthopaedic Trauma Association. Surgeons were split into three groups: senders of trauma patients (senders); orthopaedic traumatologists who receive transfers (traumatologist receivers); and other trauma transfer receivers that are not traumatologists (non-traumatologist receivers). The perceived complexity and appropriateness for transfer of eight virtual case scenarios were determined, along with the specific reasons mitigating transfer. Results: 51 Senders, 90 traumatologist receivers, and 98 non-traumatologist receivers completed 239 surveys. There was agreement between groups for case complexity and appropriateness for transfer in five of eight case scenarios (p < 0.05). Fracture complexity was cited as the primary reason for transfer by 28% of senders. However, just as common was a lack of resources at the sending hospital; OR equipment (18%), critical care services (18%), and inability to handle the immediacy of the case (7%) were also cited. Likelihood of uninsured status was the least common reason for transfer (1%). Conclusions: In most cases, both senders and receivers of orthopaedic trauma have similar viewpoints regarding fracture complexity and appropriateness of transfer. Sending surgeons cite case complexity and a lack of hospital resources as the primary reasons for patient transfer. Mandating increased call for orthopaedic surgeons at non-trauma centres without a concomitant increase in hospital resources is unlikely to substantially reduce unnecessary patient transfers to higher level facilities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Streubel, Philipp N.] Mayo Clin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Rochester, MN USA. [Gardner, Michael J.; Ricci, William M.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, St Louis, MO USA. RP Mamczak, CN (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM christiaan.mamczak@med.navy.mil OI Streubel, Philipp/0000-0002-4585-1779 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-1383 EI 1879-0267 J9 INJURY JI Injury-Int. J. Care Inj. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1832 EP 1837 DI 10.1016/j.injury.2013.03.035 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Orthopedics; Surgery GA 244GV UT WOS:000326376500025 PM 23648363 ER PT J AU Hsu, PH Wang, C Wu, CP AF Hsu, Po-Hsuan Wang, Chong Wu, Chaopeng TI Banking systems, innovations, intellectual property protections, and financial markets: Evidence from China SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Banking; China; Innovations; Intellectual property; Patents; Piracy ID R-AND-D; VALUATION; PATENTS; INDUSTRY; RIGHTS; FIRMS AB One unique feature of the emerging economies in Asia is the rich variation in the development of financial systems and technological sectors across different geographical areas. This unbalanced evolution provides us a potentially more powerful setting to investigate the dynamics among banking systems, innovations, intellectual property (IP) protections, and stock market reactions that are especially useful in understanding the policy-finance-innovation nexus in emerging economies. Using newly available data from China, this study confirms the nurturing role of financial systems on innovations, the value-enhancing function of firms' innovative activities, and the lead-lag predictive role of innovations on stock returns, in the context of emerging economies. More importantly, the study documents that stronger provincial IP protections reduce patent piracy and hence enhance local firms' market values. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hsu, Po-Hsuan] Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chong] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Wu, Chaopeng] Xiamen Univ, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. RP Wu, CP (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Sch Management, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. EM wuchaopeng@xmu.edu.cn NR 35 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0148-2963 EI 1873-7978 J9 J BUS RES JI J. Bus. Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2390 EP 2396 DI 10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.05.025 PG 7 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA 242CF UT WOS:000326214300004 ER PT J AU Smith, PH Tran, TN Jiang, TL Chung, J AF Smith, Patricia H. Tran, Thanh N. Jiang, Thomas L. Chung, Jaesik TI Lithium-ion capacitors: Electrochemical performance and thermal behavior SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Lithium-ion capacitor; Asymmetric capacitor; Electrochemical double-layer capacitor; Accelerating rate calorimetry; Differential scanning calorimetry ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; VEHICLE APPLICATIONS; BATTERIES; STABILITY; CELLS; ELECTROLYTE; CAPABILITY AB We report on the electrochemical performance of 500 F, 1100 F, and 2200 F lithium-ion capacitors containing carbonate-based electrolytes. First and second generation lithium-ion capacitors were cycled at temperatures ranging from -30 degrees C to 65 degrees C, with rates from 5 degrees C to 200 degrees C. Unlike acetonitrile-based electric double-layer capacitors, whose performance has been reported to be relatively insensitive to temperatures between -30 degrees C and 40 degrees C, lithium-ion capacitor performance degrades at low temperatures and displays characteristics typical of a lithium-ion battery. Three-electrode lithium-ion capacitor cycling tests revealed that reduced capacity at low temperatures is due to the polarization of the lithiated, negative electrode. The self-discharge of cells at the various temperatures was studied and compared to an electric double-layer capacitor and a lithium-ion battery cell. Lithium-ion capacitors and batteries were observed to have significantly lower self-discharge rates than electric double-layer capacitors. Accelerating rate calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry were used to assess the thermal runaway behavior of full cells along with the thermal properties of the cell components. Our study showed that the thermal behavior of the lithium-ion capacitor is in between those of an electric double-layer capacitor and a lithium-ion battery. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Smith, Patricia H.; Tran, Thanh N.; Jiang, Thomas L.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Chung, Jaesik] PCTEST Engn Lab Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Smith, PH (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM patricia.h.smith1@navy.mil FU Department of Energy (Office of Vehicle Technologies); Office of Naval Research (Code 30) FX The support of the Department of Energy (Office of Vehicle Technologies) and the Office of Naval Research (Code 30) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Steve Dallek (Spectrum Technologies) and Mr. Michael Wartelsky (SAIC) in performing the DSC experiments. NR 40 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 14 U2 137 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 243 BP 982 EP 992 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.012 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 223XQ UT WOS:000324846200129 ER PT J AU Alves, MCB Drusinsky, D Michael, JB Shing, MT AF Bergue Alves, Miriam C. Drusinsky, Doron Michael, James Bret Shing, Man-Tak TI End-to-End Formal Specification, Validation, and Verification Process: A Case Study of Space Flight Software SO IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Astronautics; behavior; formal methods; metrics; process; requirements engineering; runtime execution monitoring; software; statechart assertions; verification and validation (V&V) ID COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; REQUIREMENTS; SPIN AB The quality of requirements and the effectiveness of verification and validation (V&V) techniques in guaranteeing that a final system reflects its established requirements have a direct influence on the quality and dependability of the delivered system. The V&V process can be efficient from a managerial point of view, but ineffective from a technical perspective, and vice versa. This paper presents an end-to-end formal computer-aided specification, validation, and verification (SV&V) process, whose feasibility and effectiveness were evaluated against the flight software for the Brazilian Satellite Launcher. Unified modeling language (UML) statechart assertions, scenario-based validation, and runtime verification are used to formally specify and verify the system, and metrics of the ongoing process and its V&V results are collected during the application of the process. The results of the case study indicate that the process and its computer-aided environment were both technically feasible to apply and managerially effective, will likely scale well to cater to SV&V of mission-critical systems that have a larger number of behavioral requirements, and can be used for V&V in a distributed development environment. C1 [Bergue Alves, Miriam C.] Inst Aeronaut & Space, Software Engn Lab, BR-12228904 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Drusinsky, Doron; Michael, James Bret; Shing, Man-Tak] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Alves, MCB (reprint author), Inst Aeronaut & Space, Software Engn Lab, BR-12228904 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. EM miriammcba@iae.cta.br; ddrusin@nps.edu; bmichael@nps.edu; shing@nps.edu FU State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation [2010/08173-3] FX This work was supported in part by the State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation under Grant 2010/08173-3. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-8184 EI 1937-9234 J9 IEEE SYST J JI IEEE Syst. J. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 7 IS 4 BP 632 EP 641 DI 10.1109/JSYST.2012.2220591 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Telecommunications GA 231GE UT WOS:000325403000012 ER PT J AU Liyanage, LSI Kim, S Hong, YK Park, JH Erwin, SC Kim, SG AF Liyanage, Laalitha S. I. Kim, Sungho Hong, Yang-Ki Park, Ji-Hoon Erwin, Steven C. Kim, Seong-Gon TI Theory of magnetic enhancement in strontium hexaferrite through Zn-Sn pair substitution SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Site preference; Hexaferrite; Magnetic property ID BRILLOUIN-ZONE INTEGRATIONS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; SR-HEXAFERRITE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLES; SRFE12O19; MICROSTRUCTURE; NANOMATERIALS; TEMPERATURE; PARTICLES AB We study the site occupancy and magnetic properties of Zn-Sn substituted M-type Sr-hexaferrite SrFe12-x(Zn0.5Sn0.5)(x)O-19 with x=1 using first-principles total-energy calculations. We find that in the lowest-energy configuration Zn2+ and Sn4+ ions preferentially occupy the 4f(1) and 4f(2) sites, respectively, in contrast to the model previously suggested by Ghasemi et al. [J. Appl. Phys, 107, 09A734 (2010)], where Zn2+ and Sn4+ ions occupy the 2b and 4f(2) sites. Density-functional theory calculations show that our model has a lower total energy by more than 0.2 eV per unit cell compared to Ghasemi's model. More importantly, the latter does not show an increase in saturation magnetization (M-s) compared to the pure M-type Sr-hexaferrite, in disagreement with the experiment. On the other hand, our model correctly predicts a rapid increase in M-s as well as a decrease in magnetic anisotropy compared to the pure M-type Sr-hexaferrite, consistent with experimental measurements. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liyanage, Laalitha S. I.; Kim, Seong-Gon] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Liyanage, Laalitha S. I.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Kim, Sungho; Kim, Seong-Gon] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Computat Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hong, Yang-Ki; Park, Ji-Hoon] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Hong, Yang-Ki; Park, Ji-Hoon] Univ Alabama, MINT Ctr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Erwin, Steven C.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, SG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM kimsg@ccs.msstate.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E REACT program [DE-AR0000189]; Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems (CAVS); Center for Computational Science (CCS) at Mississippi State University; Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E REACT program under Award Number DE-AR0000189, the Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems (CAVS), and the Center for Computational Science (CCS) at Mississippi State University. Funding for this project was also provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. Computer time allocation has been provided by the High Performance Computing Collaboratory (HPC2) at Mississippi State University. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 348 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2013.08.006 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 223NL UT WOS:000324812400012 ER PT J AU Lucius, C AF Lucius, Casey TI Religion and the National Security Strategy SO JOURNAL OF CHURCH AND STATE LA English DT Article C1 USN, War Coll, Monterey, CA USA. RP Lucius, C (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Monterey, CA USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0021-969X J9 J CHURCH STATE JI J. Church State PD WIN PY 2013 VL 55 IS 1 BP 50 EP 70 DI 10.1093/jcs/css050 PG 21 WC Religion SC Religion GA 095FM UT WOS:000315320100003 ER PT J AU Rengarajan, T Dimitrov, N Morton, DP AF Rengarajan, Tara Dimitrov, Nedialko Morton, David P. TI Convex Approximations of a Probabilistic Bicriteria Model with Disruptions SO INFORMS JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE programming, stochastic: probabilistic constraints; simulation; programming: multiple criteria ID PROGRAMS; INVENTORY AB We consider a multiperiod system operation problem with two conflicting objectives, minimizing cost and risk. Risk stems from uncertain disruptions to the system during operation. Whereas a general model would hedge against disruptions in each time period, we study special cases in which only a modest number of disruptions occur. To optimize for risk, we employ a convex approximation based on constraint sampling. We develop a stratified sampling scheme based on distributional information on the time of disruption. We establish that our scheme yields significant savings in sampling costs-up to an order of magnitude in the number of time periods-over naive sampling. Moreover, in the absence of distributional information, we exhibit a sampling strategy that has comparable performance to optimal stratification. We numerically demonstrate that stratification improves cost over naive sampling, improving the solution's proximity to the efficient frontier of the bicriteria problem. C1 [Rengarajan, Tara; Morton, David P.] Univ Texas Austin, Grad Program Operat Res & Ind Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Dimitrov, Nedialko] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rengarajan, T (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Grad Program Operat Res & Ind Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM trengan@yahoo.com; ned.dimitrov@gmail.com; morton@mail.utexas.edu RI Morton, David/K-2388-2014 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0653916, CMMI-0800676]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-08-1-0029] FX The authors thank two anonymous referees for suggestions that improved the paper. This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants CMMI-0653916 and CMMI-0800676] and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency [Grant HDTRA1-08-1-0029]. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 29 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 1091-9856 J9 INFORMS J COMPUT JI INFORMS J. Comput. PD WIN PY 2013 VL 25 IS 1 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1287/ijoc.1110.0483 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 095GJ UT WOS:000315322400012 ER PT J AU Fleming, B AF Fleming, Bruce TI Consider the Videocasette, or: Is Progress Possible? SO ANTIOCH REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Dept English, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fleming, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept English, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANTIOCH REVIEW PI YELLOW SPRINGS PA BOX 148, YELLOW SPRINGS, OH 45387 USA SN 0003-5769 J9 ANTIOCH REV JI Antioch Rev. PD WIN PY 2013 VL 71 IS 1 BP 8 EP 29 PG 22 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA 079TR UT WOS:000314195600002 ER PT J AU Noginova, N Rono, V Bezares, FJ Caldwell, JD AF Noginova, N. Rono, V. Bezares, F. J. Caldwell, J. D. TI Plasmon drag effect in metal nanostructures SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-INDUCED DRIFT; QUANTUM-CONFINED ELECTRONS; PHOTON-DRAG; SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES; OPTICAL NANOCIRCUITS; SURFACE; PHOTOMAGNETISM; POLARITONS; CIRCUITS; ARRAYS AB In order to better understand the mechanism of the photon drag effect in plasmonic nanostructures, photo-induced electric signals have been studied in gold and silver films and various plasmonic nanostructures. The spectral dependence of the effect points to the primary role of individual localized plasmon resonances in the photo-induced electromotive force (emf) generation responsible for the photon drag effect. We demonstrate the potential to engineer both the magnitude and polarity of the emf with nanoscale geometry and provide a simple model based on the intrinsic nonlinearity of metal in defining this effect. C1 [Noginova, N.; Rono, V.] Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Bezares, F. J.; Caldwell, J. D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Noginova, N (reprint author), Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. EM nnoginova@nsu.edu RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 FU NSF PREM [DMR 1205457]; NSF IGERT [DGE 0966188]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0456]; NRL Nanoscience Institute through ONR; ASEE-NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX The authors thank M A Noginov, Yu Barnakov and A Yakim for the fruitful discussions and technical support, and acknowledge the support by the NSF PREM grant # DMR 1205457, NSF IGERT grant # DGE 0966188 and AFOSR grant # FA9550-09-1-0456. JDC would like to thank R Kasica for assistance with electron-beam lithography that was performed at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD. Funding for NRL authors was provided by the NRL Nanoscience Institute, which is funded through ONR. FJB acknowledges support from the ASEE-NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 41 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD NOV 29 PY 2013 VL 15 AR 113061 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/15/11/113061 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 259UL UT WOS:000327551700001 ER PT J AU Biamonte, J Bergholm, V Lanzagorta, M AF Biamonte, Jacob Bergholm, Ville Lanzagorta, Marco TI Tensor network methods for invariant theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID MATRIX PRODUCT STATES; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; QUANTUM; SYSTEMS AB Invariant theory is concerned with functions that do not change under the action of a given group. Here we communicate an approach based on tensor networks to represent polynomial local unitary invariants of quantum states. This graphical approach provides an alternative to the polynomial equations that describe invariants, which often contain a large number of terms with coefficients raised to high powers. This approach also enables one to use known methods from tensor network theory (such as the matrix product state (MPS) factorization) when studying polynomial invariants. As our main example, we consider invariants of MPSs. We generate a family of tensor contractions resulting in a complete set of local unitary invariants that can be used to express the Renyi entropies. We find that the graphical approach to representing invariants can provide structural insight into the invariants being contracted, as well as an alternative, and sometimes much simpler, means to study polynomial invariants of quantum states. In addition, many tensor network methods, such as MPSs, contain excellent tools that can be applied in the study of invariants. C1 [Biamonte, Jacob; Bergholm, Ville] Inst Sci Interchange, I-10126 Turin, Italy. [Biamonte, Jacob] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Quantum Technol, Singapore 117543, Singapore. [Bergholm, Ville] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Lanzagorta, Marco] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Biamonte, J (reprint author), Inst Sci Interchange, Via Alassio 11-C, I-10126 Turin, Italy. EM jacob.biamonte@qubit.org; ville.bergholm@iki.fi; marco.lanzagorta@nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 EI 1751-8121 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD NOV 29 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 47 AR 475301 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/46/47/475301 PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 253FK UT WOS:000327068300005 ER PT J AU Vaxenburg, R Rodina, A Lifshitz, E Efros, AL AF Vaxenburg, Roman Rodina, Anna Lifshitz, Efrat Efros, Alexander L. TI The role of polarization fields in Auger-induced efficiency droop in nitride-based light-emitting diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; ELECTRIC-FIELD; RECOMBINATION; LEDS; ALN AB The rates of non-radiative Auger recombination (AR) and radiative recombination (RR) in polar GaN/A1N quantum wells (QWs) are calculated. It is shown that in these QWs the polarization field not only suppresses the RR but also strongly enhances the rate of AR. As a result, the polarization field triggers the Auger-induced efficiency droop, which, according to the calculations, does not exist in non-polar GaN/A1N QWs. We demonstrate that in polar QWs the droop can be overcome by suppression of AR using a gradual variation of the QW layer composition, which compensates the effect of the electric field acting on holes. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Vaxenburg, Roman; Lifshitz, Efrat] Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Rodina, Anna] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Efros, Alexander L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Efros, AL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM efros@nrl.navy.mil RI Vaxenburg, Roman/P-8190-2016 FU USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation [2006/225]; Israel Chemical Society; Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [13-02-00316-a]; Israel Science Foundation [985/11]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation (Bonn, Germany) FX The authors thank C. Wetzel and A. Polkovnikov for valuable suggestions and comments, A. Ehrlich for the critical reading of the manuscript, and M. Bayer for hospitality. R. V. acknowledges the financial support of Mr. Seymour Schulich, the USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation, the Israel Chemical Society, and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute. A. R. acknowledges support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 13-02-00316-a). E. L. acknowledges the financial support of the Israel Science Foundation (project 985/11), and the USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation (project 2006/225). Al.L.E. acknowledges the financial support of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program and Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation (Bonn, Germany). NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 22 AR 221111 DI 10.1063/1.4833915 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 261WW UT WOS:000327696300011 ER PT J AU Raymond, PA Hartmann, J Lauerwald, R Sobek, S McDonald, C Hoover, M Butman, D Striegl, R Mayorga, E Humborg, C Kortelainen, P Durr, H Meybeck, M Ciais, P Guth, P AF Raymond, Peter A. Hartmann, Jens Lauerwald, Ronny Sobek, Sebastian McDonald, Cory Hoover, Mark Butman, David Striegl, Robert Mayorga, Emilio Humborg, Christoph Kortelainen, Pirkko Duerr, Hans Meybeck, Michel Ciais, Philippe Guth, Peter TI Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; LAKES; RESERVOIRS; ABUNDANCE; STREAMS; FLUXES; BUDGET; RIVERS; CYCLE AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) transfer from inland waters to the atmosphere, known as CO2 evasion, is a component of the global carbon cycle. Global estimates of CO2 evasion have been hampered, however, by the lack of a framework for estimating the inland water surface area and gas transfer velocity and by the absence of a global CO2 database. Here we report regional variations in global inland water surface area, dissolved CO2 and gas transfer velocity. We obtain global CO2 evasion rates of 1.8(-0.25)(+0.25) petagrams of carbon (Pg C) per year from streams and rivers and 0.32(-0.26)(+0.52) Pg C yr(-1) from lakes and reservoirs, where the upper and lower limits are respectively the 5th and 95th confidence interval percentiles. The resulting global evasion rate of 2.1 Pg C yr(-1) is higher than previous estimates owing to a larger stream and river evasion rate. Our analysis predicts global hotspots in stream and river evasion, with about 70 per cent of the flux occurring over just 20 per cent of the land surface. The source of inland water CO2 is still not known with certainty and new studies are needed to research the mechanisms controlling CO2 evasion globally. C1 [Raymond, Peter A.; Hoover, Mark; Butman, David] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Hartmann, Jens; Lauerwald, Ronny] Univ Hamburg, Inst Geol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Lauerwald, Ronny] Univ Libre Brussels, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Sobek, Sebastian] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [McDonald, Cory] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53716 USA. [Butman, David; Striegl, Robert] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Mayorga, Emilio] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Humborg, Christoph] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kortelainen, Pirkko] Finnish Environm Inst, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland. [Duerr, Hans] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Meybeck, Michel] Univ Paris 06, Unite Mixte Rech CNRS UPMC Sisyphe, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Ciais, Philippe] LSCE IPSL, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Guth, Peter] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Raymond, PA (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM peter.raymond@yale.edu RI Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009; Hartmann, Jens/A-6306-2008; Humborg, Christoph/C-4756-2015; OI Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Hartmann, Jens/0000-0003-1878-9321; Humborg, Christoph/0000-0002-0649-5599; Lauerwald, Ronny/0000-0001-5554-0897; Mayorga, Emilio/0000-0003-2574-4623; McDonald, Cory/0000-0002-1208-8471 FU NASA [NNX11AH68G]; L-IPSL labex program; Formas; EU project GeoCarbon [U4603EUU1104]; DFG [EXC 177, DFG HA 4472/6-1] FX P.A.R. and M.H were partly funded by a NASA grant (NNX11AH68G) to P.A.R. P.A.R. also received support from a fellowship from L-IPSL labex program. S.S. was supported by Formas. R.L. and J.H. were funded by the EU project GeoCarbon (U4603EUU1104) and by DFG (EXC 177 and DFG HA 4472/6-1). This represents a contribution to the RECCAP process. R.S. and D.B. are part of the Inland Water Science Group of the USGS LandCarbon Project. NR 50 TC 290 Z9 301 U1 53 U2 382 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 21 PY 2013 VL 503 IS 7476 BP 355 EP 359 DI 10.1038/nature12760 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 254KG UT WOS:000327163200032 PM 24256802 ER PT J AU Bildstein, V Garrett, PE Wong, J Bandyopadhyay, D Bangay, J Bianco, L Hadinia, B Leach, KG Sumithrarachchi, C Ashley, SF Crider, BP McEllistrem, MT Peters, EE Prados-Estevez, FM Yates, SW Vanhoy, JR AF Bildstein, V. Garrett, P. E. Wong, J. Bandyopadhyay, D. Bangay, J. Bianco, L. Hadinia, B. Leach, K. G. Sumithrarachchi, C. Ashley, S. F. Crider, B. P. McEllistrem, M. T. Peters, E. E. Prados-Estevez, F. M. Yates, S. W. Vanhoy, J. R. TI Comparison of deuterated and normal liquid scintillators for fast-neutron detection SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Nuclear spectrometer; Liquid scintillators; Deuterated scintillators; Neutron detectors ID ORGANIC SCINTILLATORS; EFFICIENCY; DISCRIMINATION; SPECTROMETER; D(D,N)HE-3 AB Liquid organic scintillators have long been used for fast-neutron detection due to their fast response and the ability to use pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) to distinguish between neutron and gamma-ray interactions. Deuterated liquid organic scintillators have, in addition to the aforementioned properties, structure on their pulse-height spectra due to the different characteristics of nd vs. np scattering. We report on the direct comparison of two small-volume liquid scintillator detectors with exactly the same geometries (11.43 cm diameter and 2.54 cm thickness); the first based on NE213 produced by Nuclear Enterprise, and the second based on EJ-315 produced by Eljen Technologies, the latter being a deuterated scintillator. A variety of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) were used, but the quality of the data was determined to be independent of the PMT type. It is shown that, while the light output of the deuterated detector is lower than for the conventional non-deuterated detector, it is possible to detect 60 keV neutrons. The PSD capabilities of the deuterated detector match and surpass those of the NE213 detector. Its efficiency is comparable to that of the NE213 detector at neutron energies above 2 MeV; below that energy its relative efficiency suffers from the significantly lower nd scattering cross-section. For very low neutron energies (<200keV), the relative efficiency of the deuterated detector increases again, due to the lower noise level for our particular detectors, showing the importance of low photomultiplier tube noise for the detection of low-energy neutrons. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bildstein, V.; Garrett, P. E.; Wong, J.; Bandyopadhyay, D.; Bangay, J.; Bianco, L.; Hadinia, B.; Leach, K. G.; Sumithrarachchi, C.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Ashley, S. F.; Crider, B. P.; McEllistrem, M. T.; Peters, E. E.; Prados-Estevez, F. M.; Yates, S. W.; Vanhoy, J. R.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Ashley, S. F.; Crider, B. P.; McEllistrem, M. T.; Peters, E. E.; Prados-Estevez, F. M.; Yates, S. W.; Vanhoy, J. R.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Vanhoy, J. R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bildstein, V (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM vbildste@uoguelph.ca; pgarrett@physics.uoguelph.ca OI Ashley, Stephen/0000-0001-5139-2209; Leach, Kyle/0000-0002-4751-1698 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; US National Science Foundation [PHY-0956310] FX This work has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and the US National Science Foundation Grant no. PHY-0956310. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2013 VL 729 BP 188 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2013.06.082 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 235WT UT WOS:000325753500025 ER PT J AU Ling, JJ Bishai, M Diwan, M Dolph, J Kettell, S Sexton, K Sharma, R Simos, N Stewart, J Tanaka, H Viren, B Arnold, D Tabor, P Turner, S Benson, T Wahl, D Wendt, C Hahn, A Kaducak, M Mantsch, P Sundaram, SK AF Ling, Jiajie Bishai, Mary Diwan, Milind Dolph, Jeffrey Kettell, Steve Sexton, Kenneth Sharma, Rahul Simos, Nikolaos Stewart, James Tanaka, Hidekazu Viren, Brett Arnold, Douglas Tabor, Philip Turner, Stephen Benson, Terry Wahl, Daniel Wendt, Christopher Hahn, Alan Kaducak, Marc Mantsch, Paul Sundaram, S. K. TI Implosion chain reaction mitigation in underwater assemblies of photomultiplier tubes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE PMT; Implosion; Shock wave; Chain reaction ID EXPLOSION AB Since the accident with a cascade failure of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in the Super-Kamiokande experiment in 2001, the mechanical performance of large format semi-hemispherical PMTs has become a critical issue for large water Cherenkov detectors. The subject of this study is the survival of an assembled array of PMTs under significant hydrostatic pressure and subjected to shock waves caused by the failure of a single PMT. This paper details the results of the second stage of a R&D program focused on the design and testing of different PMT assemblies to mitigate the risk of a "chain-reaction" of PMT failures. The initial results show that our PMT assembly design can effectively reduce the magnitude of the shock wave. With the testing results in this paper and the hydrodynamic simulation calculation, we can further improve the design of PMT deployment to mitigate the risk of chain reactions caused by implosion induced shock waves. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved, C1 [Ling, Jiajie; Bishai, Mary; Diwan, Milind; Dolph, Jeffrey; Kettell, Steve; Sexton, Kenneth; Sharma, Rahul; Simos, Nikolaos; Stewart, James; Tanaka, Hidekazu; Viren, Brett] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Arnold, Douglas; Tabor, Philip; Turner, Stephen] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Benson, Terry; Wahl, Daniel; Wendt, Christopher] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hahn, Alan; Kaducak, Marc; Mantsch, Paul] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Sundaram, S. K.] Alfred Univ, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. [Tanaka, Hidekazu] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kamioka Observ, Gifu 5061205, Japan. RP Ling, JJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jjling@bnl.gov RI Ling, Jiajie/I-9173-2014; OI Ling, Jiajie/0000-0003-2982-0670; Mantsch, Paul/0000-0002-8382-7745 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-98CH10886. We are grateful to the technical staff at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2013 VL 729 BP 491 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2013.07.056 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 235WT UT WOS:000325753500068 ER PT J AU Marr, KD Englert, CR Harlander, JM Miller, KW AF Marr, Kenneth D. Englert, Christoph R. Harlander, John M. Miller, Kenneth W. TI Thermal sensitivity of DASH interferometers: the role of thermal effects during the calibration of an Echelle DASH interferometer SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL HETERODYNE SPECTROSCOPY; ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH SATELLITE; NM EMISSION; WIND; DYNAMICS AB The use of a Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne (DASH) interferometer with an Echelle grating provides the ability to simultaneously image the 558 and 630 nm emission lines (e.g., at grating orders of n = 8 and n = 7, respectively) of atomic oxygen in the thermosphere. By measuring the Doppler shifts of these lines (expected relative change in wavelength on the order of 10(-8)), we are able to determine the thermospheric winds. Because the expected wavelength changes due to the Doppler shift are so small, understanding, monitoring, and accounting for thermal effects is expected to be important. Previously, the thermal behavior of a temperature-compensated monolithic DASH interferometer was found to have a higher thermal sensitivity than predicted by a simple model [Opt. Express 18, 26430, 2010]. A follow-up study [Opt. Express 20, 9535, 2012] suggested that this is due to thermal distortion of the interferometer, which consists of materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion. In this work, we characterize the thermal drift of a nonmonolithic Echelle DASH interferometer and discuss the implications of these results on the use of only a single wavelength source during calibration. Furthermore, we perform a finite element analysis of the earlier monolithic interferometer in order to determine how distortion would affect the thermal sensitivity of that device. Incorporating that data into the model, we find good agreement between the modified model and the measured thermal sensitivities. These findings emphasize the fact that distortion needs to be considered for the design of thermally compensated, monolithic DASH interferometers. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Marr, Kenneth D.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, NRC Associate Residence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Englert, Christoph R.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Harlander, John M.] St Cloud State Univ, Dept Phys, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. [Miller, Kenneth W.] St Cloud State Univ, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RP Marr, KD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, NRC Associate Residence, Code 7630,4555 Overlook Ave Southwest, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kenneth.marr.ctr@nrl.navy.mil OI Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 FU Office of Naval Research; NASA Explorer Program FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the NASA Explorer Program. The authors would like to thank Charles Brown, Pat Bell, Kevin Newsome, Kevin Robinson, and Patrick Serengulian for their time and support. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 33 BP 8082 EP 8088 DI 10.1364/AO.52.008082 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 258NY UT WOS:000327467200029 PM 24513761 ER PT J AU Amari, S Matsuda, J Stroud, RM Chisholm, MF AF Amari, Sachiko Matsuda, Jun-ichi Stroud, Rhonda M. Chisholm, Matthew F. TI HIGHLY CONCENTRATED NEBULAR NOBLE GASES IN POROUS NANOCARBON SEPARATES FROM THE SARATOV (L4) METEORITE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE meteorites; meteors; meteoroids ID LABORATORY SIMULATION; PHASE-Q; PRIMITIVE CHONDRITES; ALLENDE METEORITE; XENON; CARBON; SORPTION; ADSORPTION; COMPONENT; GRAPHITE AB The majority of heavy noble gases (Ar, Kr, and Xe) in primitive meteorites are stored in a poorly understood phase called Q. Although Q is thought to be carbonaceous, the full identity of the phase has remained elusive for almost four decades. In order to better characterize phase Q and, in turn, the early solar nebula, we separated carbon-rich fractions from the Saratov (L4) meteorite. We chose this meteorite because Q is most resistant in thermal alteration among carbonaceous noble gas carriers in meteorites and we hoped that, in this highly metamorphosed meteorite, Q would be present but not diamond: these two phases are very difficult to separate from each other. One of the fractions, AJ, has the highest Xe-132 concentration of 2.1 x 10(-6) cm(3) STP g(-1), exceeding any Q-rich fractions that have yet been analyzed. Transmission electron microscopy studies of the fraction AJ and a less Q-rich fraction AI indicate that they both are primarily porous carbon that consists of domains with short-range graphene orders, with variable packing in three dimensions, but no long-range graphitic order. The relative abundance of Xe and C atoms (6:10(9)) in the separates indicates that individual noble gas atoms are associated with only a minor component of the porous carbon, possibly one or more specific arrangements of the nanoparticulate graphene. C1 [Amari, Sachiko] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Amari, Sachiko] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Matsuda, Jun-ichi] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Stroud, Rhonda M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chisholm, Matthew F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Amari, S (reprint author), Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM sa@wuphys.wustl.edu RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 FU McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; NASA [NNH09AL201, NNX13A48G] FX This work has been supported by the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences (S.A.), the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division (M.F.C.), and NASA grants NNH09AL201 (R.M.S.) and NNX13A48G (S.A.). We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 778 IS 1 AR 37 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/778/1/37 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 254AI UT WOS:000327131700037 ER PT J AU Shenoy, A Sonbas, E Dermer, C Maximon, LC Dhuga, KS Bhat, PN Hakkila, J Parke, WC Maclachlan, GA Eskandarian, A Ukwatta, TN AF Shenoy, A. Sonbas, E. Dermer, C. Maximon, L. C. Dhuga, K. S. Bhat, P. N. Hakkila, J. Parke, W. C. Maclachlan, G. A. Eskandarian, Ali Ukwatta, T. N. TI PROBING CURVATURE EFFECTS IN THE FERMI GRB 110920 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray burst: general ID GAMMA-RAY-BURSTS; SPECTRAL LAGS; PULSE-WIDTH; LUMINOSITY RELATION; ENERGY; FIREBALLS; EMISSION; EVOLUTION; LONG; CONNECTION AB Curvature effects in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have long been a source of considerable interest. In a collimated relativistic GRB jet, photons that are off-axis relative to the observer arrive at later times than on-axis photons and are also expected to be spectrally softer. In this work, we invoke a relatively simple kinematic two-shell collision model for a uniform jet profile and compare its predictions to GRB prompt-emission data for observations that have been attributed to curvature effects such as the peak-flux-peak-frequency relation, i.e., the relation between the nu F-nu flux and the spectral peak, E-pk in the decay phase of a GRB pulse, and spectral lags. In addition, we explore the behavior of pulse widths with energy. We present the case of the single-pulse Fermi GRB 110920 as a test for the predictions of the model against observations. C1 [Shenoy, A.; Maximon, L. C.; Dhuga, K. S.; Parke, W. C.; Maclachlan, G. A.; Eskandarian, Ali] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Sonbas, E.] Adiyaman Univ, Dept Phys, TR-02040 Adiyaman, Turkey. [Sonbas, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dermer, C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bhat, P. N.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Hakkila, J.] Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Ukwatta, T. N.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Shenoy, A (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM ashwinsp469@gmail.com FU George Washington University FX The authors (A. S. and K. S. D.) would like to acknowledge O. Kargaltsev (George Washington University) for his valuable contributions to the discussions as well as the financial support provided by him to A. Shenoy at various stages of this work. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2013 VL 778 IS 1 AR 3 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/778/1/3 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 254AI UT WOS:000327131700003 ER PT J AU Emery, JD Detlefs, B Karmel, HJ Nyakiti, LO Gaskill, DK Hersam, MC Zegenhagen, J Bedzyk, MJ AF Emery, Jonathan D. Detlefs, Blanka Karmel, Hunter J. Nyakiti, Luke O. Gaskill, D. Kurt Hersam, Mark C. Zegenhagen, Joerg Bedzyk, Michael J. TI Chemically Resolved Interface Structure of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC(0001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; 6H-SIC(0001); TRANSISTORS; GRAPHITE; SURFACE AB Atomic-layer 2D crystals have unique properties that can be significantly modified through interaction with an underlying support. For epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001), the interface strongly influences the electronic properties of the overlaying graphene. We demonstrate a novel combination of x-ray scattering and spectroscopy for studying the complexities of such a buried interface structure. This approach employs x-ray standing wave-excited photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with x-ray reflectivity to produce a highly resolved chemically sensitive atomic profile for the terminal substrate bilayers, interface, and graphene layers along the SiC[0001] direction. C1 [Emery, Jonathan D.; Karmel, Hunter J.; Hersam, Mark C.; Bedzyk, Michael J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Detlefs, Blanka; Zegenhagen, Joerg] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France. [Nyakiti, Luke O.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Bedzyk, Michael J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Bedzyk, MJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM bedzyk@northwestern.edu RI Hersam, Mark/B-6739-2009; Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Detlefs, Blanka/C-9249-2009 FU MRSEC (NSF) [DMR-1121262]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0463]; DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; DuPont; Northwestern University; Dow FX We acknowledge support from MRSEC (NSF Grant No. DMR-1121262) and the Office of Naval Research for the support of the NRL, H. J. K., and M. C. H. through Grant No. N00014-11-1-0463. M. C. H also acknowledges the Keck Foundation. We acknowledge use of ID32, ESRF, and DND-CAT, APS (DOE Award No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 to ANL). DND-CAT is supported by DuPont, Northwestern University, and Dow. We acknowledge use of X24A at NSLS (DOE Award No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 to BNL) for initial XSW measurements with assistance from Joseph Woicik (NIST). We acknowledge Denis Keane (DND-CAT) and Paul Fenter (ANL) for assistance with XRR measurements, Chip Eddy (NRL) for useful discussions on graphene synthesis, and Virginia Wheeler and Rachael Myers-Ward (NRL) for sample production. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 60 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 21 AR 215501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.215501 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 255NC UT WOS:000327245600017 PM 24313501 ER PT J AU Jing, C Chang, C Gold, SH Konecny, R Antipov, S Schoessow, P Kanareykin, A Gai, W AF Jing, C. Chang, C. Gold, S. H. Konecny, R. Antipov, S. Schoessow, P. Kanareykin, A. Gai, W. TI Observation of multipactor suppression in a dielectric-loaded accelerating structure using an applied axial magnetic field SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BREAKDOWN AB Efforts by a number of institutions to develop a Dielectric-Loaded Accelerating (DLA) structure capable of supporting high gradient acceleration when driven by an external radio frequency source have been ongoing over the past decade. Single surface resonant multipactor has been previously identified as one of the major limitations on the practical application of DLA structures in electron accelerators. In this paper, we report the results of an experiment that demonstrated suppression of multipactor growth in an X-band DLA structure through the use of an applied axial magnetic field. This represents an advance toward the practical use of DLA structures in many accelerator applications. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Jing, C.; Konecny, R.; Antipov, S.; Schoessow, P.; Kanareykin, A.] Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, OH 44139 USA. [Jing, C.; Konecny, R.; Antipov, S.; Gai, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chang, C.] Sci & Technol High Power Microwave Lab, Xian 710024, Peoples R China. [Chang, C.] Tsinghua Univ, Inst Energy, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Gold, S. H.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jing, C (reprint author), Euclid Techlabs LLC, 5900 Harper Rd, Solon, OH 44139 USA. FU DoE SBIR program [DE-SC0007629]; NSFC [11105108]; DoE Office of High Energy Physics FX We thank Liling Xiao and Lixin Ge from the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for their efforts to understand multipactor in DLA structures using the SLAC Track3P code. This project was funded through the DoE SBIR program under Contract No. #DE-SC0007629. The PIC simulation was supported by NSFC #11105108. The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by an Interagency Agreement with the DoE Office of High Energy Physics. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 21 AR 213503 DI 10.1063/1.4832326 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 260JF UT WOS:000327590400083 ER PT J AU Li, CH Kioseoglou, G Petrou, A Korkusinski, M Hawrylak, P Jonker, BT AF Li, C. H. Kioseoglou, G. Petrou, A. Korkusinski, M. Hawrylak, P. Jonker, B. T. TI Highly polarized emission from electrical spin injection into an InGaAs quantum well with free carriers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS; SEMICONDUCTOR; TRANSPORT; BARRIER; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; HETEROSTRUCTURE; RELAXATION; DOT AB We report on a highly polarized emission from InGaAs/GaAs-quantum well light-emitting diodes in which we inject spin-polarized electrons from an Fe/Schottky contact. The emission spectra consist of the e(1)h(1) free exciton (FX) and a feature 12meV below FX attributed to band-to-band (BB) recombination. The FX exhibits a maximum circular polarization of 22%, with a magnetic-field dependence characteristic of spin injection from Fe. The BB emission on the other hand exhibits a polarization that is strongly bias and temperature dependent, with intriguing magnetic-field dependence: The polarization exhibits a maximum of 78% at 2.5T and 2K, then decreases linearly with field and reaches -78% at 7 T, attributed to magnetic-field dependent spin relaxation in the presence of excess electrons. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Li, C. H.; Jonker, B. T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kioseoglou, G.] Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Petrou, A.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Korkusinski, M.; Hawrylak, P.] CNR, Quantum Theory Grp, Emerging Technol Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Li, CH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NRL; Office of the Naval Research [N0001410WX21309]; NSF [ECCS0824220]; ONR [N000140910113]; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research FX This work was supported by core programs at NRL and by the Office of the Naval Research Contract No. N0001410WX21309. Work at SUNY Buffalo was supported by NSF Grant No. ECCS0824220 and ONR Grant No. N000140910113. P.H. acknowledges support by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. G. K. gratefully acknowledges the hospitality and support of the Naval Research Laboratory where the experiments were performed. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 21 AR 212403 DI 10.1063/1.4832460 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 260JF UT WOS:000327590400049 ER PT J AU Bezares, FJ Long, JP Glembocki, OJ Guo, JP Rendell, RW Kasica, R Shirey, L Owrutsky, JC Caldwell, JD AF Bezares, Francisco J. Long, James P. Glembocki, Orest J. Guo, Junpeng Rendell, Ronald W. Kasica, Richard Shirey, Loretta Owrutsky, Jeffrey C. Caldwell, Joshua D. TI Mie resonance-enhanced light absorption in periodic silicon nanopillar arrays SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID NANOANTENNA ARRAYS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; DIPOLAR INTERACTIONS; PLASMON RESONANCE; OPTICAL ANTENNAS; NANOROD ARRAYS; LONG-RANGE; LARGE-AREA; RESONATORS AB Mie-resonances in vertical, small aspect-ratio and subwavelength silicon nanopillars are investigated using visible bright-field mu-reflection measurements and Raman scattering. Pillar-to-pillar interactions were examined by comparing randomly to periodically arranged arrays with systematic variations in nanopillar diameter and array pitch. First- and second-order Mie resonances are observed in reflectance spectra as pronounced dips with minimum reflectances of several percent, suggesting an alternative approach to fabricating a perfect absorber. The resonant wavelengths shift approximately linearly with nanopillar diameter, which enables a simple empirical description of the resonance condition. In addition, resonances are also significantly affected by array density, with an overall oscillating blue shift as the pitch is reduced. Finite-element method and finite-difference time-domain simulations agree closely with experimental results and provide valuable insight into the nature of the dielectric resonance modes, including a surprisingly small influence of the substrate on resonance wavelength. To probe local fields within the Si nanopillars, mu-Raman scattering measurements were also conducted that confirm enhanced optical fields in the pillars when excited on-resonance. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Bezares, Francisco J.; Long, James P.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Rendell, Ronald W.; Shirey, Loretta; Owrutsky, Jeffrey C.; Caldwell, Joshua D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kasica, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guo, Junpeng] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Bezares, FJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fbezares@temple.edu RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Shirey, Loretta/B-3164-2013 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Shirey, Loretta/0000-0003-2600-3405 FU Naval Research Laboratory's Nanoscience Institute; ASEE-NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; ASEE-Naval Research Office Summer Faculty Fellowship Program FX Support for this work was provided through the Naval Research Laboratory's Nanoscience Institute. Support for F.J.B. was provided through the ASEE-NRL Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. J.G. acknowledges the support from the ASEE-Naval Research Office Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. The authors would like to thank Prof. Linyou Cao for his insights into these systems. Electron beam lithography was performed at the Center for Nanoscale Technology at the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, MD. NR 66 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 91 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 23 BP 27587 EP 27601 DI 10.1364/OE.21.027587 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 258YG UT WOS:000327494000007 PM 24514277 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Lupke, G AF Zheng, Wei Hanbicki, Aubrey T. Jonker, Berry T. Luepke, Gunter TI Surface plasmon-enhanced transverse magnetic second-harmonic generation SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SILVER FILMS AB We present experimental studies on surface plasmon (SP) enhanced transverse magnetic second-harmonic generation (T-MSHG) in single-crystal iron films grown by molecular beam epitaxy at room temperature on MgO (001) substrates. We show that it is possible to achieve both strongly enhanced T-MSHG intensity and high magnetic contrast ratio under attenuated total reflection configuration without using complex heterostructures because MSHG is generated directly at the iron surface where SPs are present. The T-MSHG has a much larger contrast ratio than transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (T-MOKE) and shows great potential for a new generation of bio-chemical sensors due to its very high surface sensitivity. In addition, by analyzing the experimental results and the simulations based on SP field-enhancement theory, we demonstrate that the second-order susceptibility of MSHG shows great anisotropy and the tensor odd chi(odd)(xzz). is dominant in our sample. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Zheng, Wei; Luepke, Gunter] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Hanbicki, Aubrey T.; Jonker, Berry T.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zheng, W (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM wzheng@email.wm.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER46127] FX The optical experiments performed at the College of William and Mary are supported by the Department of Energy through Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER46127. The sample growth at NRL is supported by core programs and the Office of Naval Research. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 35 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 23 BP 28842 EP 28848 DI 10.1364/OE.21.028842 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 258YG UT WOS:000327494000127 PM 24514397 ER PT J AU Kim, BJ Yang, G Kim, HY Baik, KH Mastro, MA Hite, JK Eddy, CR Ren, F Pearton, SJ Kim, J AF Kim, Byung-Jae Yang, Gwangseok Kim, Hong-Yeol Baik, Kwang Hyeon Mastro, Michael A. Hite, Jennifer K. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Ren, Fan Pearton, Stephen J. Kim, Jihyun TI GaN-based ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with AuCl3-doped graphene electrodes SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; TRANSPARENT; EFFICIENT AB We demonstrate AuCl3-doped graphene transparent conductive electrodes integrated in GaN-based ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with an emission peak of 363 nm. AuCl3 doping was accomplished by dipping the graphene electrodes in 5, 10 and 20 mM concentrations of AuCl3 solutions. The effects of AuCl3 doping on graphene electrodes were investigated by current-voltage characteristics, sheet resistance, scanning electron microscope, optical transmittance, micro-Raman scattering and electroluminescence images. The optical transmittance was decreased with increasing the AuCl3 concentrations. However, the forward currents of UV LEDs with p-doped (5, 10 and 20 mM of AuCl3 solutions) graphene transparent conductive electrodes at a forward bias of 8 V were increased by similar to 48, 63 and 73%, respectively, which can be attributed to the reduction of sheet resistance and the increase of work function of the graphene. The performance of UV LEDs was drastically improved by AuCl3 doping of graphene transparent conductive electrodes. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Byung-Jae; Yang, Gwangseok; Kim, Hong-Yeol; Kim, Jihyun] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Baik, Kwang Hyeon] Hongik Univ, Dept Met Engn, Jochiwon 339701, South Korea. [Mastro, Michael A.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ren, Fan] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pearton, Stephen J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM hyunhyun7@korea.ac.kr RI Kim, Jihyun/F-6940-2013; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU LG Innotek-Korea University Nano-Photonics Program; Human Resources Development of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP); Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy [20124030200120]; National Research Foundation of Korea; Korean Government [NRF-2012-013-2012S1A2A1A01030669]; ONR FX The research at Korea University was supported by LG Innotek-Korea University Nano-Photonics Program, the Human Resources Development of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) Grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy (No. 20124030200120), and the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2012-013-2012S1A2A1A01030669). Research at the US Naval Research Lab. is supported by ONR. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 44 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 23 BP 29025 EP 29030 DI 10.1364/OE.21.029025 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 258YG UT WOS:000327494000148 PM 24514418 ER PT J AU Gerber, H Frick, G Malinowski, SP Jonsson, H Khelif, D Krueger, SK AF Gerber, H. Frick, G. Malinowski, Szymon P. Jonsson, H. Khelif, D. Krueger, Steven K. TI Entrainment rates and microphysics in POST stratocumulus SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-TOP ENTRAINMENT; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; MIXED LAYERS; SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; INSTABILITY; CUMULUS; INVERSION; AIRCRAFT AB An aircraft field study (POST; Physics of Stratocumulus Top) was conducted off the central California coast in July and August 2008 to deal with the known difficulty of measuring entrainment rates in the radiatively important stratocumulus (Sc) prevalent in that area. The Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies Twin Otter research aircraft flew 15 quasi-Lagrangian flights in unbroken Sc and carried a full complement of probes including three high-data-rate probes: ultrafast temperature probe, particulate volume monitor probe, and gust probe. The probes' colocation near the nose of the Twin Otter permitted estimation of entrainment fluxes and rates with an in-cloud resolution of 1m. Results include the following: Application of the conditional sampling variation of classical mixed layer theory for calculating the entrainment rate into cloud top for POST flights is shown to be inadequate for most of the Sc. Estimated rates resemble previous results after theory is modified to take into account both entrainment and evaporation at cloud top given the strong wind shear and mixing at cloud top. Entrainment rates show a tendency to decrease for large shear values, and the largest rates are for the smallest temperature jumps across the inversion. Measurements indirectly suggest that entrained parcels are primarily cooled by infrared flux divergence rather than cooling from droplet evaporation, while detrainment at cloud top causes droplet evaporation and cooling in the entrainment interface layer above cloud top. C1 [Gerber, H.] Gerber Sci Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Frick, G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Malinowski, Szymon P.] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, Inst Geophys, Warsaw, Poland. [Jonsson, H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA USA. [Khelif, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Krueger, Steven K.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Gerber, H (reprint author), Gerber Sci Inc, 1643 Bentana Way, Reston, VA 20190 USA. EM hgerber6@comcast.net RI Malinowski, Szymon/A-5237-2010 OI Malinowski, Szymon/0000-0003-4987-7017 FU NSF [ATM-0735121, AGS-1020445, ATM-0734323, ATM-0735118] FX POST was a collaborative effort involving about two dozen participants. H. Gerber gives special thanks to the following individuals: The Twin Otter chief scientist Haf Jonsson and his CIRPAS associates Roy Woods, Jesus Galvan, and Bob Bluth provided a superior environment making possible the successful running of the POST field campaign. Mike Hubbell, the Twin Otter pilot, flew the aircraft in an exacting manner to meet the PIs flight pattern demands including the quasi-Lagrangian patterns. Tak Yamaguchi, Qing Wang, Steven Krueger, Rob Wood, and Anthony Bucholtz took turns flying on the Twin Otter as flight scientists. Dion Rossiter put together the flight reports. Stuart Beaton brought the new NCAR Lyman-alpha hygrometer for deployment on the aircraft. Wojciech Kumala was responsible for the construction and maintenance of the University of Warsaw ultrafast temperature probe without which POST would not have succeeded. Janine Goldstein made the PIs' data available on the POST Web site which was constructed by RAF/NCAR. NSF supported H. Gerber, G. Frick, and S. Malinowski (ATM-0735121, AGS-1020445), D. Khelif (ATM-0734323), and S. Krueger (ATM-0735118). The Office of Naval Research and the Naval Postgraduate School supported in part the deployment of the Twin Otter aircraft. NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 21 BP 12094 EP 12109 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50878 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 302NS UT WOS:000330611800013 ER PT J AU Yang, ZF Wang, J Ichoku, C Hyer, E Zeng, J AF Yang, Zhifeng Wang, Jun Ichoku, Charles Hyer, Edward Zeng, Jing TI Mesoscale modeling and satellite observation of transport and mixing of smoke and dust particles over northern sub-Saharan African region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PIXEL-BASED CALCULATION; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; FIRE RADIATIVE ENERGY; INITIAL ASSESSMENT; DATA ASSIMILATION; MINERAL DUST; WEST-AFRICA; NILE DELTA; MODIS; ALGORITHM AB The transport and vertical distribution of smoke and dust aerosols over the northern sub-Saharan African region are simulated in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), which uses hourly dynamic smoke emissions from the Fire Locating and Modeling of Burning Emissions database derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire products. Model performance for February 2008 is evaluated using MODIS true color images, aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from the Aerosol Robotic Network, MODIS AOD retrievals, and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar data with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) atmospheric backscattering and extinction products. Specification of smoke injection height of 650m in WRF-Chem yields aerosol vertical profiles that are most consistent with CALIOP observations of aerosol layer height. Between the equator and 10 degrees N, Saharan dust is often mixed with smoke near the surface, and their transport patterns manifest the interplay of trade winds, subtropical highs, precipitation associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and the high mountains located near the Great Rift Valley region. At the 700 hPa level and above, smoke layers spread farther to the north and south and are often above the dust layers over the Sahel region. In some cases, transported smoke can also be mixed with dust over the Saharan region. Statistically, 5% of the CALIOP valid measurements in February 2007-2011 show aerosol layers either above or between the clouds, reinforcing the importance of the aerosol vertical distribution for quantifying aerosol impact on climate in the Sahel region. C1 [Yang, Zhifeng; Wang, Jun; Zeng, Jing] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Ichoku, Charles] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hyer, Edward] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jwang7@unl.edu RI Ichoku, Charles/E-1857-2012; Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011; Yang, Zhifeng/I-8253-2015; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008 OI Ichoku, Charles/0000-0003-3244-4549; Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490 FU Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Interdisciplinary Studies (IDS) FX This research was supported by the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Interdisciplinary Studies (IDS) conducted through the Radiation Sciences Program managed by Hal B. Maring. Part of the computational support in this research is also provided by the Holland Computing Center of the University of Nebraska. J. Wang also thank Dr. Robert Oglesby and Dr. Qi (Steve) Hu at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln for their constructive comments. NR 67 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 21 BP 12139 EP 12157 DI 10.1002/2013JD020644 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 302NS UT WOS:000330611800017 ER PT J AU Laskoski, M Dominguez, DD Keller, TM AF Laskoski, Matthew Dominguez, Dawn D. Keller, Teddy M. TI Alkyne-Containing Phthalonitrile Resins: Controlling Mechanical Properties by Selective Curing SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE processing; thermosets; thermal properties ID POLYSULFONE PHTHALONITRILES; POLYMERS; POLYMERIZATION; COMPOSITES; OLIGOMERS AB An alkyne-containing multiple aromatic ether-linked phthalonitrile has been synthesized and characterized. The oligomeric phthalonitrile monomer was prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of bisphenol A with 4,4-dibromotolane in the presence of K2CO3 in a N,N-dimethylformamide/toluene solvent mixture, followed by end-capping with 4-nitrophthalonitrile in a two-step, one-pot reaction. After being cured in the presence of bis(4-[4-aminophenoxy]phenyl)sulfone, the polymeric properties of the alkyne- and non-alkyne-containing oligomeric phthalonitrile resins were compared. Rheometric measurements and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the alkyne-containing oligomeric phthalonitrile resin had better mechanical properties than an analogous non-alkyne-containing resin cured under identical conditions and exhibited excellent thermal and oxidative properties. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 4774-4778 C1 [Laskoski, Matthew; Dominguez, Dawn D.; Keller, Teddy M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laskoski, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.laskoski@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for financial support of this project. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-624X EI 1099-0518 J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2013 VL 51 IS 22 BP 4774 EP 4778 DI 10.1002/pola.26899 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 232BF UT WOS:000325462600007 ER PT J AU Thakur, GA Kulkarni, AR Deschamps, JR Papke, RL AF Thakur, Ganesh A. Kulkarni, Abhijit R. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Papke, Roger L. TI Expeditious Synthesis, Enantiomeric Resolution, and Enantiomer Functional Characterization of (4-(4-Bromophenyl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline-8-sulf onamide (4BP-TQS): An Allosteric Agonist-Positive Allosteric Modulator of alpha 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHARMACOLOGICAL-PROPERTIES; THERAPEUTICS; ACTIVATION; RAT AB An expeditious microwave-assisted synthesis of 4BP-TQS, its enantiomeric separation, and their functional evaluation is reported. Electrophysiological characterization in Xenopus oocytes revealed that activity exclusively resided in the (+)-enantiomer 1b (GAT107) and (-)-enantiomer 1a did not affect its activity when coapplied. X-ray crystallography studies revealed the absolute stereochemistry of 1b to be 3aR,4S,9bS. 1b represents the most potent ago-PAM of alpha 7 nAChRs available to date and is considered for further in vivo evaluation. C1 [Thakur, Ganesh A.; Kulkarni, Abhijit R.] Northeastern Univ, Bouve Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Thakur, Ganesh A.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Drug Discovery, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Papke, Roger L.] Univ Florida, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Thakur, GA (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Bouve Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 140 Fenway,360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM g.thakur@neu.edu; rlpake@ufl.edu FU National Institute on Drug Abuse [DA027113]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM057481]; National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [Y1-DA1101] FX This work was supported by grants from National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA027113 to G.A.T.), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM057481 to R.L.P.). X-ray crystallographic studies were supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) under contract Y1-DA1101. We are thankful to Myrick Dennis for help with recording CD spectra, Roger Kautz for help with recording 2D NMR spectra, Avinash Chaudhary for his help in chiral separation and ee determination, and Ralph Loring for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 EI 1520-4804 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD NOV 14 PY 2013 VL 56 IS 21 BP 8943 EP 8947 DI 10.1021/jm401267t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 253TB UT WOS:000327111100057 PM 24090443 ER PT J AU Robinson, ZR Ong, EW Mowll, TR Tyagi, P Gaskill, DK Geisler, H Ventrice, CA AF Robinson, Zachary R. Ong, Eng Wen Mowll, Tyler R. Tyagi, Pam Gaskill, D. Kurt Geisler, Heike Ventrice, Carl A. TI Influence of Chemisorbed Oxygen on the Growth of Graphene on Cu(100) by Chemical Vapor Deposition SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID COPPER; FILMS; TRANSPARENT; ELECTRODES; FOILS AB Understanding the influence that copper substrate surface symmetry and oxygen impurities have on the growth of graphene by chemical vapor deposition is important for developing techniques for producing high-quality graphene. Therefore, we have studied the growth of graphene by catalytic decomposition of ethylene in an ultrahigh-vacuum chamber on both a clean Cu(100) surface and a Cu(100) surface predosed with a layer of chemisorbed oxygen. The crystal structure of the graphene films was characterized with in situ low energy electron diffraction. By heating the clean Cu(100) substrate from room temperature to the growth temperature in ethylene, epitaxial graphene films were formed. The crystal quality was found to depend strongly on the growth temperature. At 900 degrees C, well-ordered two-domain graphene films were formed. Predosing the Cu(100) surface with a chemisorbed layer of oxygen before graphene growth was found to adversely affect the crystal quality of the graphene overlayer by inducing a much higher degree of rotational disorder of the graphene grains with respect to the Cu(100) substrate. The growth morphology of the graphene islands during the initial stages of nucleation was monitored with ex situ scanning electron microscopy. The nucleation rate of the graphene islands was observed to drop by an order of magnitude by predosing the Cu(100) surface with a chemisorbed oxygen layer before growth. Therefore, the presence of oxygen during graphene growth affects both the relative orientation and average size of grains within the films grown on Cu(100) substrates. C1 [Robinson, Zachary R.; Ong, Eng Wen; Mowll, Tyler R.; Tyagi, Pam; Ventrice, Carl A.] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Robinson, Zachary R.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Geisler, Heike] SUNY Coll Oneonta, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. RP Ventrice, CA (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM CVentrice@albany.edu RI Robinson, Zachary/B-5128-2013 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-1006411]; NSF; SEMATECH; American Society for Engineering Education FX This research project was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF, Grant DMR-1006411). P.T. thanks NSF for her financial support, and T.R.M. thanks SEMATECH for his financial support. Z.R.R. thanks the American Society for Engineering Education for his postdoctoral support. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD NOV 14 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 45 BP 23919 EP 23927 DI 10.1021/jp410142r PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 253SV UT WOS:000327110500052 ER PT J AU Brown, PG Assink, JD Astiz, L Blaauw, R Boslough, MB Borovicka, J Brachet, N Brown, D Campbell-Brown, M Ceranna, L Cooke, W de Groot-Hedlin, C Drob, DP Edwards, W Evers, LG Garces, M Gill, J Hedlin, M Kingery, A Laske, G Le Pichon, A Mialle, P Moser, DE Saffer, A Silber, E Smets, P Spalding, RE Spurny, P Tagliaferri, E Uren, D Weryk, RJ Whitaker, R Krzeminski, Z AF Brown, P. G. Assink, J. D. Astiz, L. Blaauw, R. Boslough, M. B. Borovicka, J. Brachet, N. Brown, D. Campbell-Brown, M. Ceranna, L. Cooke, W. de Groot-Hedlin, C. Drob, D. P. Edwards, W. Evers, L. G. Garces, M. Gill, J. Hedlin, M. Kingery, A. Laske, G. Le Pichon, A. Mialle, P. Moser, D. E. Saffer, A. Silber, E. Smets, P. Spalding, R. E. Spurny, P. Tagliaferri, E. Uren, D. Weryk, R. J. Whitaker, R. Krzeminski, Z. TI A 500-kiloton airburst over Chelyabinsk and an enhanced hazard from small impactors SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EARTH; ASTEROIDS; INFRASOUND; EXPLOSION; COMETS AB Most large (over a kilometre in diameter) near-Earth asteroids are now known, but recognition that airbursts (or fireballs resulting from nuclear-weapon-sized detonations of meteoroids in the atmosphere) have the potential to do greater damage(1) than previously thought has shifted an increasing portion of the residual impact risk (the risk of impact from an unknown object) to smaller objects(2). Above the threshold size of impactor at which the atmosphere absorbs sufficient energy to prevent a ground impact, most of the damage is thought to be caused by the airburst shock wave(3), but owing to lack of observations this is uncertain(4,5). Here we report an analysis of the damage from the airburst of an asteroid about 19 metres (17 to 20 metres) in diameter southeast of Chelyabinsk, Russia, on 15 February 2013, estimated to have an energy equivalent of approximately 500 (+/- 100) kilotons of trinitrotoluene (TNT, where 1 kiloton of TNT = 4.185x10(12) joules). We show that a widely referenced technique(4-6) of estimating airburst damage does not reproduce the observations, and that the mathematical relations(7) based on the effects of nuclear weapons-almost always used with this technique-overestimate blast damage. This suggests that earlier damage estimates(5,6) near the threshold impactor size are too high. We performed a global survey of airbursts of a kiloton or more (including Chelyabinsk), and find that the number of impactors with diameters of tens of metres may be an order of magnitude higher than estimates based on other techniques(8,9). This suggests a non-equilibrium(if the population were in a long-term collisional steady state the size-frequency distribution would either follow a single power law or there must be a size-dependent bias in other surveys) in the near-Earth asteroid population for objects 10 to 50 metres in diameter, and shifts more of the residual impact risk to these sizes. C1 [Brown, P. G.; Campbell-Brown, M.; Gill, J.; Silber, E.; Uren, D.; Weryk, R. J.; Krzeminski, Z.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Brown, P. G.] Univ Western Ontario, Ctr Planetary Sci & Explorat, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Assink, J. D.; Brachet, N.; Le Pichon, A.] Commissariat Energie Atom, Dept Anal Surveillance Environm CEA DAM DIF, F-91297 Bruyeres Le Chatel, Arpajon, France. [Astiz, L.; de Groot-Hedlin, C.; Hedlin, M.; Laske, G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Lab Atmospher Acoust, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Blaauw, R.; Moser, D. E.] NASA, Marshall Informat Technol Serv MITS, Dynet Tech Serv, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, CA 35812 USA. [Boslough, M. B.; Spalding, R. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Borovicka, J.; Spurny, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Astron Inst, CZ-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. [Brown, D.; Mialle, P.] Comprehens Test Ban Treaty Org, Provis Tech Secretariat, Int Data Ctr, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Ceranna, L.] Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Cooke, W.; Saffer, A.] Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Meteoroid Environm Off, Space Environm Team, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Drob, D. P.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Edwards, W.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Hazard Informat Serv, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y3, Canada. [Evers, L. G.; Smets, P.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Seismol Div, NL-3732 GK De Bilt, Netherlands. [Evers, L. G.; Smets, P.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Dept Geosci & Engn, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands. [Garces, M.] Univ Hawaii, Infrasound Lab, Honolulu, HI 96740 USA. [Kingery, A.] NASA, ERC Inc Jacobs ESSSA Grp, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Tagliaferri, E.] ET Space Syst, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. [Whitaker, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, PG (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. EM pbrown@uwo.ca RI Evers, Laslo/E-5707-2011; Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; Borovicka, Jiri/F-4257-2014; Spurny, Pavel/G-9044-2014 OI Smets, Pieter/0000-0003-0394-0973; Evers, Laslo/0000-0003-2825-6211; Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; FU NASA [NNX11AB76A]; Office of Naval Research; [67985815] FX Funding was provided by the NASA co-operative agreement NNX11AB76A and the Czech institutional project RVO:67985815. D. P. D. acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research. We appreciate discussions with F. Gilbert (of UCSD), J. Stevens (of SAIC), P. Earle and J. Bellini (of USGS). D. Dearborn provided assistance with video reductions. NR 26 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 14 PY 2013 VL 503 IS 7475 BP 238 EP 241 DI 10.1038/nature12741 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 250YX UT WOS:000326894200046 PM 24196713 ER PT J AU Cranch, GA Lunsford, R Grun, J Weaver, J Compton, S May, M Kostinski, N AF Cranch, Geoffrey A. Lunsford, Robert Gruen, Jacob Weaver, James Compton, Steve May, Mark Kostinski, Natalie TI Characterization of laser-driven shock waves in solids using a fiber optic pressure probe SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRASONIC HYDROPHONE; SENSORS; TEMPERATURE AB Measurement of laser-driven shock wave pressure in solid blocks of polymethyl methacrylate is demonstrated using fiber optic pressure probes. Three probes based on a fiber Fabry-Perot, fiber Bragg grating, and interferometric fiber tip sensor are tested and compared. Shock waves are generated using a high-power laser focused onto a thin foil target placed in close proximity to the test blocks. The fiber Fabry-Perot sensor appears capable of resolving the shock front with a rise time of 91 ns. The peak pressure is estimated, using a separate shadowgraphy measurement, to be 3.4 GPa. C1 [Cranch, Geoffrey A.; Lunsford, Robert; Gruen, Jacob; Weaver, James; Kostinski, Natalie] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Compton, Steve; May, Mark; Kostinski, Natalie] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5674,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM geoff.cranch@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work is sponsored by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 18 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 10 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 32 BP 7791 EP 7796 DI 10.1364/AO.52.007791 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 252QI UT WOS:000327023000017 PM 24216739 ER PT J AU Secrest, NJ Satyapal, S Moran, SM Cheung, CC Giroletti, M Gliozzi, M Bergmann, MP Seth, AC AF Secrest, N. J. Satyapal, S. Moran, S. M. Cheung, C. C. Giroletti, M. Gliozzi, M. Bergmann, M. P. Seth, A. C. TI A MULTI-WAVELENGTH ANALYSIS OF NGC 4178: A BULGELESS GALAXY WITH AN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; galaxies: active; galaxies: bulges; galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; galaxies: spiral; radio continuum: galaxies ID MASS BLACK-HOLES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; BROAD-LINE AGNS; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; SPIRAL GALAXIES; INTERMEDIATE-REDSHIFT; DISK GALAXIES; CHANDRA VIEW; RADIO; DISCOVERY AB We present Gemini longslit optical spectroscopy and Very Large Array radio observations of the nuclear region of NGC 4178, a late-type bulgeless disk galaxy recently confirmed to host an active galactic nucleus (AGN) through infrared and X-ray observations. Our observations reveal that the dynamical center of the galaxy is coincident with the location of the Chandra X-ray point source discovered in a previous work, providing further support for the presence of an AGN. While the X-ray and IR observations provide robust evidence for an AGN, the optical spectrum shows no evidence for the AGN, underscoring the need for the penetrative power of mid-IR and X-ray observations in finding buried or weak AGNs in this class of galaxy. Finally, the upper limit to the radio flux, together with our previous X-ray and IR results, is consistent with the scenario in which NGC 4178 harbors a deeply buried AGN accreting at a high rate. C1 [Secrest, N. J.; Satyapal, S.; Gliozzi, M.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Moran, S. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Bergmann, M. P.] NOAO Gemini Sci Ctr Chile, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Seth, A. C.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Secrest, NJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MS 3F3,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. OI Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852 FU Chandra Guest Investigator Program under NASA Grant [G01-12126X]; Karles' Fellowship; NASA DPR [S-15633-Y]; [ASI-INAF I/009/10/0] FX We thank the referee for a very thorough review and insightful comments that significantly improved this paper. N.J.S. and S. S. gratefully acknowledge support by the Chandra Guest Investigator Program under NASA Grant G01-12126X. C.C.C. was supported at NRL by a Karles' Fellowship and NASA DPR S-15633-Y. M.G. acknowledges financial contribution from the agreement ASI-INAF I/009/10/0. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2013 VL 777 IS 2 AR 139 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/777/2/139 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 242DY UT WOS:000326218800058 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, BA Schaeffer, KG Keith, D Lunetta, RS Conmy, R Gould, RW AF Schaeffer, Blake A. Schaeffer, Kelly G. Keith, Darryl Lunetta, Ross S. Conmy, Robyn Gould, Richard W. TI Barriers to adopting satellite remote sensing for water quality management SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COASTAL WATERS; MODIS; SEAWIFS; MERIS; EUTROPHICATION; IMAGERY; MATTER; BLOOMS; SENSOR AB Sustainable practices require a long-term commitment to creating solutions to environmental, social, and economic issues. The most direct way to ensure that management practices achieve sustainability is to monitor the environment. Remote sensing technology has the potential to accelerate the engagement of communities and managers in the implementation and performance of best management practices. Over the last few decades, satellite technology has allowed measurements on a global scale over long time periods, and is now proving useful in coastal waters, estuaries, lakes, and reservoirs, which are relevant to water quality managers. Comprehensive water quality climate data records have the potential to provide rapid water quality assessments, thus providing new and enhanced decision analysis methodologies and improved temporal/spatial diagnostics. To best realize the full application potential of these emerging technologies an open and effective dialogue is needed between scientists, policy makers, environmental managers, and stakeholders at the federal, state, and local levels. Results from an internal US Environmental Protection Agency qualitative survey were used to determine perceptions regarding the use of satellite remote sensing for monitoring water quality. The goal of the survey was to begin understanding why management decisions do not typically rely on satellite-derived water quality products. C1 [Schaeffer, Blake A.] US EPA Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Schaeffer, Kelly G.] Pensacola State Coll, Dept Dev Studies, Pensacola, FL 32504 USA. [Keith, Darryl] US EPA Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Lunetta, Ross S.] US EPA Natl Exposure Res Lab, Durham, NC 27709 USA. [Conmy, Robyn] US EPA Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Gould, Richard W.] Naval Res Lab, Bioopt Phys Proc & Remote Sensing Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Schaeffer, BA (reprint author), US EPA Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM schaeffer.blake@epa.gov FU Office of Research and Development Pathfinder Innovation Project; US Environmental Protection Agency; NASA [NNH08ZDA001N] FX The information in this document has been funded as an Office of Research and Development Pathfinder Innovation Project, by the US Environmental Protection Agency and through a NASA Decision Support Grant NNH08ZDA001N. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 50 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 10 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 21 BP 7534 EP 7544 DI 10.1080/01431161.2013.823524 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 218VE UT WOS:000324459800007 ER PT J AU Ellis, CT Stier, AV Kim, MH Tischler, JG Glaser, ER Myers-Ward, RL Tedesco, JL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Cerne, J AF Ellis, Chase T. Stier, Andreas V. Kim, Myoung-Hwan Tischler, Joseph G. Glaser, Evan R. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Tedesco, Joseph L. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Gaskill, D. Kurt Cerne, John TI Magneto-optical fingerprints of distinct graphene multilayers using the giant infrared Kerr effect SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The remarkable electronic properties of graphene strongly depend on the thickness and geometry of graphene stacks. This wide range of electronic tunability is of fundamental interest and has many applications in newly proposed devices. Using the mid-infrared, magneto-optical Kerr effect, we detect and identify over 18 interband cyclotron resonances (CR) that are associated with ABA and ABC stacked multilayers as well as monolayers that coexist in graphene that is epitaxially grown on 4H-SiC. Moreover, the magnetic field and photon energy dependence of these features enable us to explore the band structure, electron-hole band asymmetries, and mechanisms that activate a CR response in the Kerr effect for various multilayers that coexist in a single sample. Surprisingly, we find that the magnitude of monolayer Kerr effect CRs is not temperature dependent. This unexpected result reveals new questions about the underlying physics that makes such an effect possible. C1 [Ellis, Chase T.; Stier, Andreas V.; Kim, Myoung-Hwan; Cerne, John] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Tischler, Joseph G.; Glaser, Evan R.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Tedesco, Joseph L.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] US Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC USA. [Tedesco, Joseph L.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC USA. RP Cerne, J (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM Jcerne@buffalo.edu FU Office of Naval Research; ASEE; [NSF-DMR1006078] FX Work done at the University at Buffalo is supported by NSF-DMR1006078. Work at NRL is supported by the Office of Naval Research. J.L.T. acknowledges support from the ASEE. We would like to thank the group of J.P. Carbotte and his post-doc A. Pound for insightful discussions regarding the magneto-optical conductivities of graphene. Many thanks to G. Sambandamurthy and J.L. Musfeldt for suggesting the use of Fourier analysis in our work. We also thank S. Banerjee for the use of his micro-Raman system. Additional thanks to I. Zutic, A. G. Markelz, J. Sinova, J. K. Perron, and A. Mukherjee for manuscript suggestions. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 44 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD NOV 5 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 3143 DI 10.1038/srep03143 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 245XR UT WOS:000326498200011 PM 24189548 ER PT J AU Bates, MJ Fallesen, JJ Huey, WS Packard, GA Ryan, DM Burke, CS Smith, DG Watola, DJ Pinder, ED Yosick, TM Estrada, AX Crepeau, L Bowles, SV AF Bates, Mark J. Fallesen, Jon J. Huey, Wesley S. Packard, Gary A., Jr. Ryan, Diane M. Burke, C. Shawn Smith, David G. Watola, Daniel J. Pinder, Evette D. Yosick, Todd M. Estrada, Armando X. Crepeau, Loring Bowles, Stephen V. TI Total Force Fitness in Units Part 1: Military Demand-Resource Model SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID JOB DEMANDS; INTERPERSONAL-COMMUNICATION; ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT; ADAPTIVE PERFORMANCE; LEADERSHIP CLIMATE; GOAL ORIENTATION; WORK ENGAGEMENT; SELF-ENGAGEMENT; SOCIAL IDENTITY; TEAM ADAPTATION AB The military unit is a critical center of gravity in the military's efforts to enhance resilience and the health of the force. The purpose of this article is to augment the military's Total Force Fitness (TFF) guidance with a framework of TFF in units. The framework is based on a Military Demand-Resource model that highlights the dynamic interactions across demands, resources, and outcomes. A joint team of subject-matter experts identified key variables representing unit fitness demands, resources, and outcomes. The resulting framework informs and supports leaders, support agencies, and enterprise efforts to strengthen TFF in units by (1) identifying TFF unit variables aligned with current evidence and operational practices, (2) standardizing communication about TFF in units across the Department of Defense enterprise in a variety of military organizational contexts, (3) improving current resources including evidence-based actions for leaders, (4) identifying and addressing of gaps, and (5) directing future research for enhancing TFF in units. These goals are intended to inform and enhance Service efforts to develop Service-specific TFF models, as well as provide the conceptual foundation for a follow-on article about TFF metrics for units. C1 [Bates, Mark J.; Pinder, Evette D.] Def Ctr Excellence Psychol Hlth & Traumat Brain I, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fallesen, Jon J.] Ctr Army Leadership, Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. [Huey, Wesley S.] US Naval Acad, Dept Leader Dev & Res, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Packard, Gary A., Jr.; Watola, Daniel J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Ryan, Diane M.] US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Burke, C. Shawn] Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Smith, David G.] US Naval Acad, Leadership Eth & Law Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Yosick, Todd M.] Off Army Surgeon Gen, Def Hlth Headquarters, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. [Estrada, Armando X.] US Army Res Inst, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Crepeau, Loring] Def Equal Opportun Management Inst, Patrick Air Force Base, FL 32925 USA. [Bowles, Stephen V.] Natl Def Univ, Ind Coll Armed Forces, Washington, DC 20319 USA. RP Bates, MJ (reprint author), Def Ctr Excellence Psychol Hlth & Traumat Brain I, 1335 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 137 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 178 IS 11 BP 1164 EP 1182 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00519 PG 19 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UE UT WOS:000340805700004 PM 24183762 ER PT J AU Lee, JS McBeth, JM Ray, RI Little, BJ Emerson, D AF Lee, Jason S. McBeth, Joyce M. Ray, Richard I. Little, Brenda J. Emerson, David TI Iron cycling at corroding carbon steel surfaces SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE seawater; iron-oxidizing bacteria; iron-reducing bacteria; carbon steel; microbiologically influenced corrosion ID OXIDIZING BACTERIA; NEUTRAL PH; REDUCTION; CORROSION; GROWTH; BIOMINERALIZATION; RESPIRATION; MANGANESE; SEAWATER; FE(III) AB Surfaces of carbon steel (CS) exposed to mixed cultures of iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) and dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (FeRB) in seawater media under aerobic conditions were rougher than surfaces of CS exposed to pure cultures of either type of microorganism. The roughened surface, demonstrated by profilometry, is an indication of loss of metal from the surface. In the presence of CS, aerobically grown FeOB produced tight, twisted helical stalks encrusted with iron oxides. When CS was exposed anaerobically in the presence of FeRB, some surface oxides were removed. However, when the same FeOB and FeRB were grown together in an aerobic medium, FeOB stalks were less encrusted with iron oxides and appeared less tightly coiled. These observations suggest that iron oxides on the stalks were reduced and solubilized by the FeRB. Roughened surfaces of CS and denuded stalks were replicated with culture combinations of different species of FeOB and FeRB under three experimental conditions. Measurements of electrochemical polarization resistance established different rates of corrosion of CS in aerobic and anaerobic media, but could not differentiate rate differences between sterile controls and inoculated exposures for a given bulk concentration of dissolved oxygen. Similarly, total iron in the electrolyte could not be used to differentiate treatments. The experiments demonstrate the potential for iron cycling (oxidation and reduction) on corroding CS in aerobic seawater media. C1 [Lee, Jason S.; Ray, Richard I.; Little, Brenda J.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [McBeth, Joyce M.; Emerson, David] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jason.lee@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Dr L. Chrisey). NRL Publication number NRL/JA/7330-13-1801. The authors thank the TEM and SAED work by Kayley Usher (CSIRO Land and Water, WA, Australia) and Martin Saunders (CMCA), Justin Biffinger, and Lisa Fitzgerald for providing cultures of S. japonica and S. frigidimarina, as well as Irini Adaktylou for her help in isolating the Mariprofundus DIS-1 strain. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 EI 1029-2454 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1243 EP 1252 DI 10.1080/08927014.2013.836184 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AB8JU UT WOS:000332037000009 PM 24093730 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Gorzkowski, EP Imam, MA Fliflet, A Goswami, R Kim, H Caldwell, JD Klemm, F Rath, BB AF Qadri, S. B. Gorzkowski, E. P. Imam, M. A. Fliflet, A. Goswami, R. Kim, H. Caldwell, J. D. Klemm, F. Rath, B. B. TI Production of nanoscale particles and nanorods of SiC from sorghum leaves SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Agriculture waste; Nanoparticles; Nanorods; Sorghum leaves; Silicon carbide ID SILICON-CARBIDE; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; PIN DIODES; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; DEFECTS; FAULTS AB Microwave processing and conventional furnace heating of dried sorghum leaves at temperatures in excess of 1400 degrees C in either vacuum or inert atmosphere produced nanoscale particles and nanorods of silicon carbide (SiC). This simple and fast method of producing SiC nanoparticles from sorghum leaves, an agriculture waste, expands on the varied approaches designed toward the mass production of SiC nanoparticles that are potentially pertinent for electronics, optics, biotechnology and structural material applications. Using X-ray diffraction it was found that the processed samples consisted of beta (3C)-SiC phase, which was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of nanorods along [111] direction with the presence of stacking faults orthogonal to this direction. The presence of 6H/4H-SiC stacking faults in the 3C phase is explained in terms of their total formation energies. The nanostructures described here can lead to nanoscale optics in the mid-IR such as surface phonon polariton resonators, mid-IR metamaterials, chemical and molecular sensors, nanoscale electronics and high tensile strength filaments for structural composite materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Qadri, S. B.; Gorzkowski, E. P.; Imam, M. A.; Fliflet, A.; Goswami, R.; Kim, H.; Caldwell, J. D.; Klemm, F.; Rath, B. B.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM syed.qadri@nrl.navy.mil RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 51 BP 158 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.09.004 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA AA0XN UT WOS:000330820800021 ER PT J AU Drab, DM Hardy, DR Dimascio, F Willauer, HD AF Drab, David M. Hardy, Dennis R. Dimascio, Felice Willauer, Heather D. TI Optimizing Fe-based catalysis in carbon dioxide hydrogenation reactions for future synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons from seawater SO CHIMICA OGGI-CHEMISTRY TODAY LA English DT Article DE Catalysis; carbon dioxide utilization; renewable energy ID FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; GAS-PERMEABLE MEMBRANES; CO2 HYDROGENATION; PHASE-TRANSITION; IRON CATALYSTS; LIGHT OLEFINS; PRESSURE; MANGANESE; RECOVERY; TECHNOLOGIES AB The current global reliance upon petroleum fuel presents unique challenges to develop new, sustainable solutions to address present and future energy demands. This perspective describes the research efforts at the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) to address basic research challenges in the capture and utilization of CO2 from seawater, where contemporaneous work in this field is cited. Recent work to optimize CO2 extraction from seawater is briefly highlighted, featuring progress towards the operational scale-up and demonstration of an integrated process. The bulk of this article focuses on concurrent research to develop catalysts and test their performance in the hydrogenation of CO2, where results in transitioning from a continuous-stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system to a more modular and scalable fixed-bed system are detailed. Efforts to further improve and scale-up fixed-bed systems are also pointed out with respect to stabilizing catalysts against degradation effects of water produced in the hydrogenation of CO2. C1 [Drab, David M.; Dimascio, Felice; Willauer, Heather D.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. [Hardy, Dennis R.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Willauer, HD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6300-2,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 29 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILANO PA VIALE BRIANZA 22, 20127 MILANO, ITALY SN 0392-839X EI 1973-8250 J9 CHIM OGGI JI Chim. Oggi-Chem. Today PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 31 IS 6 BP 20 EP 22 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA 297AR UT WOS:000330227900005 ER PT J AU Thomson, J D'Asaro, EA Cronin, MF Rogers, WE Harcourt, RR Shcherbina, A AF Thomson, J. D'Asaro, E. A. Cronin, M. F. Rogers, W. E. Harcourt, R. R. Shcherbina, A. TI Waves and the equilibrium range at Ocean Weather Station P SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE waves; equilibrium; wind stress ID DOPPLER-VELOCIMETER DATA; SEA-SURFACE ROUGHNESS; WIND STRESS; DRAG COEFFICIENT; GRAVITY-WAVES; DISSIPATION; SPECTRA; FLUX; DEPENDENCE; STEEPNESS AB Wave and wind measurements at Ocean Weather Station P (OWS-P, 50 degrees N 145 degrees W) are used to evaluate the equilibrium range of surface wave energy spectra. Observations are consistent with a local balance between wind input and breaking dissipation, as described by Philips (1985). The measurements include direct covariance wind stress estimates and wave breaking dissipation rate estimates during a 3 week research cruise to OWS-P. The analysis is extended to a wider range of conditions using observations of wave energy spectra and wind speed during a 2 year mooring deployment at OWS-P. At moderate wind speeds (5-15 m/s), mooring wave spectra are in agreement, within 5% uncertainty, with the forcing implied by standard drag laws and mooring wind measurements. At high wind speeds (>15 m/s), mooring wave spectra are biased low, by 13%, relative to the forcing implied by standard drag laws and mooring wind measurements. Deviations from equilibrium are associated with directionality and variations at the swell frequencies. A spectral wave hindcast accurately reproduces the mooring observations, and is used to examine the wind input. C1 [Thomson, J.; D'Asaro, E. A.; Harcourt, R. R.; Shcherbina, A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Cronin, M. F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rogers, W. E.] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Thomson, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM jthomson@apl.uw.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0850551, OCE-0960778] FX Joe Talbert (APL-UW) designed and built the waverider mooring, with guidance from Christian Meinig (PMEL-NOAA) and assistance from Alex deKlerk (APL-UW) and Stephanie Downey (APL-UW). Marie Roberts (IOS Canada) and the crew of the R/V Tully deployed the original mooring. Julie Thomas and Grant Cameron (CDIP-SIO) provided the waverider data telemetry and data archiving. Wind data were provided by the PMEL-NOAA Ocean Climate Stations group, with assistance from Keith Ronnholm. The crew of the R/V New Horizon (SIO) helped with the October 2012 mooring turnaround. Michael Schwendeman (APL-UW) and Johannes Gemmrich (U. Victoria) have contributed many discussions on equilibrium waves. Two anonymous reviewers improved the analysis and discussion of results. Funding was provided the National Science Foundation (OCE-0850551 and OCE-0960778). NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2013 VL 118 IS 11 BP 5951 EP 5962 DI 10.1002/2013JC008837 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 291YD UT WOS:000329867900007 ER PT J AU Salisbury, DJ Anguelova, MD Brooks, IM AF Salisbury, Dominic J. Anguelova, Magdalena D. Brooks, Ian M. TI On the variability of whitecap fraction using satellite-based observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE whitecap; wave breaking; sea spray; gas exchange; foam; bubbles ID MOMENTUM FLUX MEASUREMENTS; WAVE-FIELD CONDITIONS; AIR-FLOW DISTORTION; OCEANIC WHITECAPS; SEA-SPRAY; WATER TEMPERATURE; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; MICROWAVE EMISSIVITY; BREAKING WAVES; WIND SPEEDS AB Despite decades of effort to accurately quantify whitecap fraction W using in situ photography of the ocean surface, there remains significant scatter in estimates for any given 10 m wind speed (U-10). It is believed that the resulting, commonly used, W(U-10) parameterizations do not fully account for the true variability in W, by failing to incorporate the impact of the wavefield and other environmental conditions. This paper attests to the variability in whitecap fraction attributed to these additional factors, by analyzing satellite-derived W estimates over the globe for a full year. A comparison is made between the wind speed dependence of satellite estimates and three W(U-10) relationships formulated from in situ photographic data. The influence of various secondary factors on W is investigated once the dominant wind speed dependence is accounted for. The W retrieval's sensitivity to secondary forcings is dependent upon microwave frequency; at 37 GHz it varies by up to 25% of the mean at a given wind speed, while at 10 GHz it is a maximum of 8%. This results from a frequency-dependent sensitivity to foam depth; at 10 GHz predominantly foam from active breaking waves is detected, while at 37 GHz thin foam in residual whitecaps is also seen. Principal component analysis is used to rank variables by their success in accounting for variability in W. After wind speed, the most important secondary factor that accounts for variability in W is the wavefield. A wind-wave Reynolds number accounts for almost as much variability in W as wind speed. C1 [Salisbury, Dominic J.; Brooks, Ian M.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Anguelova, Magdalena D.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Salisbury, DJ (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM eedjs@leeds.ac.uk RI Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012 OI Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322 FU NERC [NE/H004238/1]; Office of Naval Research, NRL Program FX We express our thanks to the WindSat team at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia. D. S. and I. M. B. are supported by NERC grant NE/H004238/1. M. D. A. is supported by the Office of Naval Research, NRL Program element 61153N, work units WU 8967 and WU 4500. We acknowledge the comments and helpful suggestions of three anonymous reviewers which have greatly improved the structure and content of this paper. NR 99 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV PY 2013 VL 118 IS 11 BP 6201 EP 6222 DI 10.1002/2013JC008797 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 291YD UT WOS:000329867900023 ER PT J AU Colaninno, RC Vourlidas, A Wu, CC AF Colaninno, R. C. Vourlidas, A. Wu, C. C. TI Quantitative comparison of methods for predicting the arrival of coronal mass ejections at Earth based on multiview imaging SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coronal mass ejection; time of arrival ID 1 AU; INTERPLANETARY EJECTA; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; WHITE-LIGHT; SPACECRAFT; WIND; TRACKING; MISSION; SECCHI AB We investigate the performance of six methods for predicting the coronal mass ejection (CME) time of arrival (ToA) and velocity at Earth using a sample of nine Earth-impacting CMEs between March 2010 and June 2011. The CMEs were tracked continuously from the Sun to near Earth in multiviewpoint imaging data from STEREOSun-Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) and SOHOLarge Angle and Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO). We use the Graduate Cylindrical Shell model to estimate the three-dimensional direction and height of the CMEs in every image out to approximate to 200R. We fit the derived three-dimensional (deprojected) height and time (HT) data with six different methods to extrapolate the CME ToA and velocity at Earth. We compare the fitting results with the in situ data from the Windspacecraft. We find that a simple linear fit above a height of 50R gives the ToA with an error 6h for seven (78%) of the CMEs. For the full sample, we are able to predict the ToA to within 13h. These results are a half day improvement over past CME arrival time methods that only used SOHO LASCO data. We conclude that heliographic height-time measurements of the CME front made away from the Sun-Earth line and beyond the coronagraphic field of view are sufficient for reasonably accurate predictions of their ToA. C1 [Colaninno, R. C.; Vourlidas, A.; Wu, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Colaninno, RC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, CODE 7682 4555 Overlook AVE SE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM robin.colaninno@nrl.navy.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 FU NASA [S-136361-Y]; Navy ONR 6.1 program FX R.C. and A. V. are supported by NASA contract S-136361-Y to the Naval Research Laboratory. C. W. is supported by Navy ONR 6.1 program. The SECCHI data are produced by an international consortium of the NRL, LMSAL, and NASA GSFC (USA); RAL and University of Birmingham (UK); MPS (Germany); CSL (Belgium); and IOTA and IAS (France). LASCO was constructed by a consortium of institutions: NRL, MPIA (Germany), LAM (France), and University of Birmingham (UK). The LASCO CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 49 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 118 IS 11 BP 6866 EP 6879 DI 10.1002/2013JA019205 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 293SB UT WOS:000329992900006 ER PT J AU Zawdie, KA Huba, JD Wu, TW AF Zawdie, K. A. Huba, J. D. Wu, T. -W. TI Modeling 3-D artificial ionospheric ducts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ducts; ionosphere; cavities; model; power radio waves ID POWER RADIO-WAVES; RADAR AB The injection of powerful HF waves into the ionosphere leads to strong electron heating followed by a pressure perturbation, which can drive electrons along the field line to the conjugate side, creating what is known as an artificial duct. The electron temperature along the duct is above the ambient temperature; the electron density is depleted on the heating side and increased on the conjugate side. Duct formation due to HF heating has previously been studied using a modified version of SAMI2 (Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere). We use a similarly modified version of SAMI3 to examine the effects of zonal E x B drifts on interhemispheric ducts created by heating over Arecibo. We found that the longitudinal E x B drifts, particularly those caused by the zonal neutral winds, significantly suppress the effects of HF heating on the conjugate side, reducing the temperature and density increases by about 90% and 75%, respectively. C1 [Zawdie, K. A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Huba, J. D.; Wu, T. -W.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zawdie, KA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7633, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kzawdie@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil OI Zawdie, Kate/0000-0001-7192-4356 FU NRL Base Funds FX This research has been supported by NRL Base Funds. The authors are grateful to K. Papadopoulos for helpful discussions. This work is from a dissertation to be submitted to the Graduate School, University of Maryland, by Katherine Zawdie in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in Physics. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 118 IS 11 BP 7450 EP 7457 DI 10.1002/2013JA018823 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 293SB UT WOS:000329992900055 ER PT J AU Kirleis, MA Mathews, SA Verbarg, J Erickson, JS Pique, A AF Kirleis, Matthew A. Mathews, Scott A. Verbarg, Jasenka Erickson, Jeffrey S. Pique, Alberto TI Reconfigurable acquisition system with integrated optics for a portable flow cytometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ON-A-CHIP; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE; IMAGING CYTOMETRY; CELLS; OPAMP; MILK; CARE AB Portable and inexpensive scientific instruments that are capable of performing point of care diagnostics are needed for applications such as disease detection and diagnosis in resource-poor settings, for water quality and food supply monitoring, and for biosurveillance activities in autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we describe the development of a compact flow cytometer built from three separate, customizable, and interchangeable modules. The instrument as configured in this work is being developed specifically for the detection of selected Centers for Disease Control (CDC) category B biothreat agents through a bead-based assay: E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Listeria, and Shigella. It has two-color excitation, three-color fluorescence and light scattering detection, embedded electronics, and capillary based flow. However, these attributes can be easily modified for other applications such as cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) counting. Proof of concept is demonstrated through a 6-plex bead assay with the results compared to a commercially available benchtop-sized instrument. (c) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Kirleis, Matthew A.; Mathews, Scott A.; Verbarg, Jasenka; Erickson, Jeffrey S.; Pique, Alberto] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kirleis, MA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.kirleis@nrl.navy.mil RI Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program; National Research Council FX The authors thank Carl Villarruel, Dr. Janet Lou, and Dr. Ross Schermer for fabricating the fluidic cell used for this work, and Dr. Frances Ligler for her guidance at the beginning of this effort. This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program. J.V. is a National Research Council postdoctoral fellow. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 84 IS 11 AR 115109 DI 10.1063/1.4831835 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 293OL UT WOS:000329982000061 PM 24289439 ER PT J AU Sivarajah, I Goodman, DS Wells, JE Narducci, FA Smith, WW AF Sivarajah, I. Goodman, D. S. Wells, J. E. Narducci, F. A. Smith, W. W. TI Off-resonance energy absorption in a linear Paul trap due to mass selective resonant quenching SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; ION-TRAP; STORED IONS; ASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; SPECTROMETER; COLLISIONS; ACCURACY; ATOMS; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES AB Linear Paul traps (LPT) are used in many experimental studies such as mass spectrometry, atom-ion collisions, and ion-molecule reactions. Mass selective resonant quenching (MSRQ) is implemented in LPT either to identify a charged particle's mass or to remove unwanted ions from a controlled experimental environment. In the latter case, MSRQ can introduce undesired heating to co-trapped ions of different mass, whose secular motion is off resonance with the quenching ac field, which we call off-resonance energy absorption (OREA). We present simulations and experimental evidence that show that the OREA increases exponentially with the number of ions loaded into the trap and with the amplitude of the off-resonance external ac field. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Sivarajah, I.; Goodman, D. S.; Wells, J. E.; Smith, W. W.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Narducci, F. A.] Naval Air Syst Command, EO Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Sivarajah, I (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [PHY0855570, PHY1307874]; ILIR grant FX We would like to acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grants No. PHY0855570 and PHY1307874. One of us (F.A.N.) would like to acknowledge the support from an ILIR grant. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 84 IS 11 AR 113101 DI 10.1063/1.4825352 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 293OL UT WOS:000329982000002 PM 24289382 ER PT J AU Fedele, D Bruderer, S van Dishoeck, EF Carr, J Herczeg, GJ Salyk, C Evans, NJ Bouwman, J Meeus, G Henning, T Green, J Najita, JR Gudel, M AF Fedele, D. Bruderer, S. van Dishoeck, E. F. Carr, J. Herczeg, G. J. Salyk, C. Evans, N. J., II Bouwman, J. Meeus, G. Henning, Th. Green, J. Najita, J. R. Guedel, M. TI DIGIT survey of far-infrared lines from protoplanetary disks I. [OI], [CII], OH, H2O, and CH+ SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be; astrochemistry; protoplanetary disks ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; MIDINFRARED MOLECULAR-EMISSION; YOUNG CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; PLANET-FORMING ZONES; ISO-LWS OBSERVATIONS; T-TAURI STARS; HD 100546; ORGANIC-MOLECULES AB We present far-infrared (50-200 mu m) spectroscopic observations of young pre-main-sequence stars taken with Herschel/PACS as part of the DIGIT key project. The sample includes 16 Herbig AeBe and 4 T Tauri sources observed in SED mode covering the entire spectral range. An additional 6 Herbig AeBe and 4 T Tauri systems have been observed in SED mode with a limited spectral coverage. Multiple atomic fine structure and molecular lines are detected at the source position: [OI], [CII], CO, OH, H2O, CH+. The most common feature is the [OI] 63 mu m line detected in almost all of the sources, followed by OH. In contrast with CO, OH is detected toward both Herbig AeBe groups (flared and non-flared sources). An isothermal LTE slab model fit to the OH lines indicates column densities of 10(13) < N-OH < 10(16) cm(-2), emitting radii 15 < r < 100 AU and excitation temperatures 100 < T-ex < 400 K. We used the non-LTE code RADEX to verify the LTE assumption. High gas densities (n greater than or similar to 10(10) cm(-3)) are needed to reproduce the observations. The OH emission thus comes from a warm layer in the disk at intermediate stellar distances. Warm H2O emission is detected through multiple lines toward the T Tauri systems AS 205, DG Tau, S CrA and RNO 90 and three Herbig AeBe systems HD 104237, HD 142527, HD 163296 (through line stacking). Overall, Herbig AeBe sources have higher OH/H2O abundance ratios across the disk than do T Tauri disks, from near-to far-infrared wavelengths. Far-infrared CH+ emission is detected toward HD 100546 and HD 97048. The slab model suggests moderate excitation (T-ex similar to 100 K) and compact (r similar to 60 AU) emission in the case of HD 100546. Off-source [OI] emission is detected toward DG Tau, whose origin is likely the outflow associated with this source. The [CII] emission is spatially extended in all sources where the line is detected. This suggests that not all [CII] emission is associated with the disk and that there is a substantial contribution from diffuse material around the young stars. The flux ratios of the atomic fine structure lines ([OI] 63 mu m, [OI] 145 mu m, [CII]) are analyzed with PDR models and require high gas density (n greater than or similar to 10(5) cm(-3)) and high UV fluxes (G(o) similar to 10(3)-10(7)), consistent with a disk origin for the oxygen lines for most of the sources. C1 [Fedele, D.; Bruderer, S.; van Dishoeck, E. F.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [van Dishoeck, E. F.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Carr, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Herczeg, G. J.] Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Salyk, C.; Najita, J. R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Evans, N. J., II; Green, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bouwman, J.; Henning, Th.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Meeus, G.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dpt Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Guedel, M.] Univ Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. RP Fedele, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM fedele@mpe.mpg.de RI Fedele, Davide/L-8688-2013; Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015 OI Fedele, Davide/0000-0001-6156-0034; Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588 FU NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA); Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [614.001.008]; European Community [238258, 291141]; BMVIT (Austria); ESA-PRODEX (Belgium); CEA/CNES (France); DLR (Germany); ASI/INAF (Italy); CICYT/MCYT (Spain); Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) through the ASAP initiative of the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT) FX Support for this work, part of the Herschel open time key project program, was provided by NASA through an award issued by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. We are grateful to the DIGIT team for stimulating discussions and scientific support. Astrochemistry in Leiden is supported by the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), by a Spinoza grant and grant 614.001.008 from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), and by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant 238258 (LASSIE) and grant 291141 (CHEMPLAN). PACS has been developed by a consortium of institutes led by MPE (Germany) and including UVIE (Austria); KU Leuven, CSL, IMEC (Belgium); CEA, LAM (France); MPIA (Germany); INAF-IFSI/OAA/OAP/OAT, LENS, SISSA (Italy); IAC (Spain). This development has been supported by the funding agencies BMVIT (Austria), ESA-PRODEX (Belgium), CEA/CNES (France), DLR (Germany), ASI/INAF (Italy), and CICYT/MCYT (Spain). The research of M.G. has been supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) through the ASAP initiative of the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT). We thank the anonymous referee for the helpful comments. NR 79 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 559 AR A77 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201321118 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 263ZR UT WOS:000327847200077 ER PT J AU Mahmoudian, A Scales, WA Bernhardt, PA Fu, H Briczinski, SJ McCarrick, MJ AF Mahmoudian, A. Scales, W. A. Bernhardt, P. A. Fu, H. Briczinski, S. J. McCarrick, M. J. TI Investigation of ionospheric stimulated Brillouin scatter generated at pump frequencies near electron gyroharmonics SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionospheric modification; MSBS; FAIs; excitation threshold; SEE ID STANDING WAVE PATTERN; HF RADIO-WAVES; ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; PONDEROMOTIVE FORCE; REFLECTION REGION; 1ST OBSERVATIONS; PLASMA; RADIATION; SPECTRA AB Stimulated Electromagnetic Emissions (SEEs), secondary electromagnetic waves excited by high power electromagnetic waves transmitted into the ionosphere, produced by the Magnetized Stimulated Brillouin Scatter (MSBS) process are investigated. Data from four recent research campaigns at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility is presented in this work. These experiments have provided additional quantitative interpretation of the SEE spectrum produced by MSBS to yield diagnostic measurements of the electron temperature and ion composition in the heated ionosphere. SEE spectral emission lines corresponding to ion acoustic (IA) and electrostatic ion cyclotron (EIC) mode excitation were observed with a shift in frequency up to a few tens of Hz from the pump frequency for heating near the third harmonic of the electron gyrofrequency 3f(ce). The threshold of each emission line has been measured by changing the pump wave power. The excitation threshold of IA and EIC emission lines originating at the reflection and upper hybrid altitudes is measured for various beam angles relative to the magnetic field. Variation of strength of MSBS emission lines with pump frequency relative to 3f(ce) and 4f(ce) is also studied. A full wave solution has been used to estimate the amplitude of the electric field at the interaction altitude. The estimated instability threshold using the theoretical model is compared with the threshold of MSBS lines in the experiment and possible diagnostic information for the background ionospheric plasma is discussed. Simultaneous formation of artificial field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) and suppression of the MSBS process is investigated. This technique can be used to estimate the growth time of artificial FAIs which may result in determination of plasma waves and physical process involved in the formation of FAIs. C1 [Mahmoudian, A.; Scales, W. A.; Fu, H.] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Bernhardt, P. A.; Briczinski, S. J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DE USA. [McCarrick, M. J.] Marsh Creek LLC, Gakona, AK USA. RP Mahmoudian, A (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1612 Whipple Dr,APT B1, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM alirezam@vt.edu FU National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 48 IS 6 BP 685 EP 697 DI 10.1002/2013RS005189 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 290EY UT WOS:000329737900003 ER PT J AU Mayo, DH Peng, Y DeCarlo, S Li, X Lightstone, J Zavalij, P Bowen, K Schnockel, H Eichhorn, B AF Mayo, Dennis H. Peng, Yang DeCarlo, Samantha Li, Xiang Lightstone, James Zavalij, Peter Bowen, Kit Schnoeckel, Hansgeorg Eichhorn, Bryan TI K[Al-4(PPh2)(7)PPh]: An Al-II Phosphanide/Phosphinidene Intermediate on the Path to AlP Formation SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE Aluminum; Phosphanide; Phospinidene ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; COMPOUND; CLUSTERS; BOND AB The reaction of metastable AlCl(Et2O)(n) with potassium diphenylphosphanide results in the formation of the aluminum(II) phosphanide / phosphinidene K[Al-4(PPh2)(7)PPh] compound, which is the first reported aluminum(II) phosphinidene complex. The Al-II structure results from ligand decomposition and represents the first step in the conversion of AlPPh2 to AlP and biphenyl. C1 [Mayo, Dennis H.; Peng, Yang; DeCarlo, Samantha; Zavalij, Peter; Eichhorn, Bryan] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mayo, Dennis H.; Lightstone, James] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head EOD Technol Div, Res Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Li, Xiang; Bowen, Kit] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Li, Xiang; Bowen, Kit] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schnoeckel, Hansgeorg] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Inorgan Chem, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Schnoeckel, Hansgeorg] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, CFN, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Eichhorn, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM eichhorn@umd.edu RI Li, Xiang/F-4539-2012; Zavalij, Peter/H-3817-2012 OI Zavalij, Peter/0000-0001-5762-3469 FU AFSOR; DTRA; National Science Foundation (BWE); ASEE SMART Program; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0068] FX This work was supported by AFSOR (Program manager M. Berman), DTRA (Program managers S. Peiris, W. Wilson), and the National Science Foundation (BWE), the ASEE SMART Program (DHM), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (HS), and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant no. FA9550-11-1-0068 (KHB). NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 EI 1521-3749 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 639 IS 14 SI SI BP 2558 EP 2560 DI 10.1002/zaac.201300359 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 286VR UT WOS:000329497900030 ER PT J AU Decew, J Fredriksson, DW Lader, PF Chambers, M Howell, WH Osienki, M Celikkol, B Frank, K Hoy, E AF DeCew, J. Fredriksson, D. W. Lader, P. F. Chambers, M. Howell, W. H. Osienki, M. Celikkol, B. Frank, K. Hoy, E. TI Field measurements of cage deformation using acoustic sensors SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Cage deformation; Numerical modeling; Acoustic pingers ID OPEN-OCEAN AQUACULTURE; NET CAGE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; GADUS-MORHUA; FISH CAGE; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; STRESS; MODELS; COD AB As aquaculture continues to supply an increasing share of the worldwide seafood demand, it will become critical for farmers to maximize their efficiency. Presently, the majority of marine finfish are produced in gravity type net pens which can deform when they are subjected to currents. The water velocity loading affects the overall net shape which results in net cage volume loss and consequently, increases fish stress and decreases growth rates. In this study, an acoustic method is utilized to monitor the deformation of a small-scale fish cage deployed in currents. Twelve acoustic sources and four hydrophones were deployed on and around a small scale net pen for 60 days to monitor the net cage movement and volume. Local current velocities were recorded using two current meters, one inside and one outside the net pen. Three volume approximation techniques were examined, using the positions of the acoustic sources to predict net chamber volume as it responded to the currents. A numerical model of the system was then configured, set with loads under similar water velocities and results between field measurements and the model were compared. The use of acoustic sources and hydrophones to monitor cage deformation was shown to accurately monitor net deformation. Field measurements compared well to numerical model predictions, with errors ranging from -3.8% to 32%, depending upon the number of acoustic sources employed in the volume calculations. At low water velocities, six acoustic sources were found to accurate predict the net pen volume. In higher currents, a minimum of nine acoustic sources was recommended. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [DeCew, J.; Osienki, M.; Celikkol, B.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fredriksson, D. W.] US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lader, P. F.; Frank, K.; Hoy, E.] SINTEF Fisheries & Aquaculture, Trondheim, Norway. [Chambers, M.; Howell, W. H.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Decew, J (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jud.decew@unh.edu FU Research Council of Norway, Aqua Culture Engineering (ACE); SINTEF Aquaculture and Fisheries [193635/I10] FX This research was partially funded by the Research Council of Norway, Aqua Culture Engineering (ACE) and SINTEF Aquaculture and Fisheries, project 193635/I10 Research tools for net deformation and distribution of fish in commercial scale aquaculture research facilities (BILAT Escape). The authors would also like to thank the following for their help and support during the course of this study: Xinwie Wang, Andrew Drach, Sam Johnson, Jon Hunt, etc. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 EI 1873-5614 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 57 BP 114 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2013.09.006 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 282CG UT WOS:000329147300015 ER PT J AU Toriello, A Uhan, NA AF Toriello, Alejandro Uhan, Nelson A. TI Technical Note-On Traveling Salesman Games with Asymmetric Costs SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALLOCATION; ALGORITHMS; TSP AB We consider cooperative traveling salesman games with nonnegative asymmetric costs satisfying the triangle inequality. We construct a stable cost allocation with budget balance guarantee equal to the Held-Karp integrality gap for the asymmetric traveling salesman problem, using the parsimonious property and a previously unknown connection to linear production games. We also show that our techniques extend to larger classes of network design games. We then provide a simple example showing that our cost allocation does not necessarily achieve the best possible budget balance guarantee, even among cost allocations stable for the game defined by the Held-Karp relaxation, and discuss its implications on future work on traveling salesman games. C1 [Toriello, Alejandro] Georgia Inst Technol, H Milton Stewart Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Uhan, Nelson A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Toriello, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, H Milton Stewart Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM atoriello@isye.gatech.edu; uhan@usna.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1265616] FX The authors thank the associate editor and three anonymous referees for their comments and suggestions, which significantly helped simplify the exposition and broaden the results. The authors' work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CMMI-1265616]. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1429 EP 1434 DI 10.1287/opre.2013.1225 PG 6 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 282BS UT WOS:000329145900012 ER PT J AU Milojkovic, P Tompkins, S Athale, R AF Milojkovic, Predrag Tompkins, Stefanie Athale, Ravindra TI Gradient Index Optics SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Milojkovic, Predrag] US Army Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Tompkins, Stefanie] DARPA, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Athale, Ravindra] Off Naval Res, EO IR, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Milojkovic, P (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, RDRL SEE E, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM predrag.milojkovic.civ@mail.mil; stefanie.tompkins@darpa.mil; ravindra.athale@navy.mil NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 52 IS 11 AR 112101 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.11.112101 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 278NY UT WOS:000328898200003 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Hines, JE Nichols, JD AF Nichols, Jonathan M. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. TI Selecting among competing models of electro-optic, infrared camera system range performance SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE electro-optic; infrared sensors; estimation; AIC; model selection; probability of identification; range performance ID TARGET ACQUISITION; IDENTIFICATION; DISCRIMINATION; PROBABILITIES AB Range performance is often the key requirement around which electro-optical and infrared camera systems are designed. This work presents an objective framework for evaluating competing range performance models. Model selection based on the Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) is presented for the type of data collected during a typical human observer and target identification experiment. These methods are then demonstrated on observer responses to both visible and infrared imagery in which one of three maritime targets was placed at various ranges. We compare the performance of a number of different models, including those appearing previously in the literature. We conclude that our model-based approach offers substantial improvements over the traditional approach to inference, including increased precision and the ability to make predictions for some distances other than the specific set for which experimental trials were conducted. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Nichols, Jonathan M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research under the Future Naval Capabilities, Affordable Modular Panoramic Photonics Mast program; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under the AWARE camera program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Office of Naval Research for supporting this work under the Future Naval Capabilities, Affordable Modular Panoramic Photonics Mast program as well as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under the AWARE camera program. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 52 IS 11 AR 113108 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.11.113108 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 278NY UT WOS:000328898200023 ER PT J AU Tran, KN Salamanca-Riba, L AF Tran, Kim N. Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes TI Microstructural Evolution of Severely Plastically Deformed Sensitized Aluminum 5456-H116 Treated by Ultrasonic Impact Treatment SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; SURFACE NANOCRYSTALLIZATION; NEAR-SURFACE; ALLOY; DEFORMATION; GRAIN; RECRYSTALLIZATION; MECHANISM C1 [Tran, Kim N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD USA. [Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tran, KN (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD USA. EM kimngoc.tran@navy.mil RI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/B-3785-2009 OI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/0000-0001-8155-6403 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N000141010867, N000141210424]; Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD) [N001671000168]; Maryland NanoCenter and Nanoscale Imaging Spectroscopy and Properties Laboratory (NISP Lab); National Science Foundation (NSF) as a Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) grant No. N000141010867, N000141210424, and Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD) grant N001671000168. The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and Nanoscale Imaging Spectroscopy and Properties Laboratory (NISP Lab). The NISP Lab is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as a Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) Shared Experimental Facility. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 EI 1527-2648 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1105 EP 1110 DI 10.1002/adem.201300095 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 268CG UT WOS:000328145000012 ER PT J AU Bagnell, ME LeardMann, CA McMaster, HS Boyko, EJ Smith, B Granado, NS Smith, TC AF Bagnell, Melissa E. LeardMann, Cynthia A. McMaster, Hope S. Boyko, Edward J. Smith, Besa Granado, Nisara S. Smith, Tyler C. TI The Association of Predeployment and Deployment-Related Factors on Dimensions of Postdeployment Wellness in US Military Service Members SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE Wellness; Health Promotion; Military Personnel; Physical Fitness; Combat; Prevention Research ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; READJUSTMENT RATING-SCALE; HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION; MILLENNIUM COHORT; MENTAL-HEALTH; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT AB Purpose. To assess the effects of predeployment and deployment-related factors on dimensions of wellness following deployment. Design. Prospective longitudinal study. The dependent variable was dimensions of wellness. Independent variables were measured in terms of modifiable, nonmodifiable, and military factors, such as sex, race/ethnicity, service branch, smoking status, and combat experience. Setting. A large military cohort participating in the Millennium Cohort Study. Subjects. Included 10,228 participants who deployed in support of the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Measures. Dimensions of wellness were measured by using standardized instruments assessing self-reported physical health, mental health, and stress. Covariates were measured by using self-reported and electronic data. Analysis. Factors of postdeployment wellness were assessed by using ordinal logistic regression. Results. Most participants (78.7%) were categorized as "moderately well" post deployment. Significant modifiable predeployment predictors of postdeployment wellness included normal/underweight body mass index (odds ratio [OR] = 1.72, p < .05). Military factors significantly associated with wellness included not experiencing combat (OR = .56, p < .05), member of Air Force (OR = 2.02, p < .05) or Navy/Coast Guard (OR = 1.47, p < .05), and combat specialist occupation (OR = 1.22, p < .05). Conclusion. Multiple modifiable factors associated with postdeployment wellness were identified, which may help inform medical and military leadership on potential strategies to ensure a well force. Those trained in combat roles were more likely to be well post deployment though this apparent benefit was not conferred onto those reporting combat experiences. C1 [Bagnell, Melissa E.; LeardMann, Cynthia A.; McMaster, Hope S.; Smith, Besa; Granado, Nisara S.; Smith, Tyler C.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Smith, Tyler C.] Natl Univ, Sch Hlth & Human Serv, Dept Community Hlth, San Diego, CA USA. RP LeardMann, CA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Deployment Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM leardmann@med.navy.mil NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER JOURNAL HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI TROY PA PO BOX 1254, TROY, MI 48099-1254 USA SN 0890-1171 EI 2168-6602 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 28 IS 2 BP E56 EP E66 DI 10.4278/ajhp.120727-QUAN-366 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 268UP UT WOS:000328196400008 PM 23621754 ER PT J AU Neta, B Chun, C Scott, M AF Neta, Beny Chun, Changbum Scott, Melvin TI On the development of iterative methods for multiple roots SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Iterative methods; Order of convergence; Multiple roots ID NONLINEAR EQUATIONS; ORDER; FAMILY AB There are very few optimal fourth order methods for solving nonlinear algebraic equations having roots of multiplicity m. Here we compare 4 such methods, two of which require the evaluation of the (m - 1)st root. We will show that such computation does not affect the overall cost of the method. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Neta, Beny] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chun, Changbum] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Math, Suwon 440746, South Korea. RP Neta, B (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bneta@nps.edu; cbchun@skku.edu; MScott8223@atmc.net FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2012-0007160] FX This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012-0007160). NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 EI 1873-5649 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 224 BP 358 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2013.08.077 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 262KU UT WOS:000327734800032 ER PT J AU Cohn, SA Hock, T Cocquerez, P Wang, JH Rabier, F Parsons, D Harr, P Wu, CC Drobinski, P Karbou, F Venel, S Vargas, A Fourrie, N Saint-Ramond, N Guidard, V Doerenbecher, A Hsu, HH Lin, PH Chou, MD Redelsperger, JL Martin, C Fox, J Potts, N Young, K Cole, H AF Cohn, Stephen A. Hock, Terry Cocquerez, Philippe Wang, Junhong Rabier, Florence Parsons, David Harr, Patrick Wu, Chun-Chieh Drobinski, Philippe Karbou, Fatima Venel, Stephanie Vargas, Andre Fourrie, Nadia Saint-Ramond, Nathalie Guidard, Vincent Doerenbecher, Alexis Hsu, Huang-Hsiung Lin, Po-Hsiung Chou, Ming-Dah Redelsperger, Jean-Luc Martin, Charlie Fox, Jack Potts, Nick Young, Kathryn Cole, Hal TI DRIFTSONDES Providing In Situ Long-Duration Dropsonde Observations over Remote Regions SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS; AFRICAN MONSOON; ANTARCTICA; GUIDANCE; DOTSTAR; PROJECT AB Constellations of driftsonde systems gondolas floating in the stratosphere and able to release dropsondes upon command have so far been used in three major field experiments from 2006 through 2010. With them, high-quality, high-resolution, in situ atmospheric profiles were made over extended periods in regions that are otherwise very difficult to observe. The measurements have unique value for verifying and evaluating numerical weather prediction models and global data assimilation systems; they can be a valuable resource to validate data from remote sensing instruments, especially on satellites, but also airborne or ground-based remote sensors. These applications for models and remote sensors result in a powerful combination for improving data assimilation systems. Driftsondes also can support process studies in otherwise difficult locationsfor example, to study factors that control the development or decay of a tropical disturbance, or to investigate the lower boundary layer over the interior Antarctic continent. The driftsonde system is now a mature and robust observing system that can be combined with flight-level data to conduct multidisciplinary research at heights well above that reached by current research aircraft. In this article we describe the development and capabilities of the driftsonde system, the exemplary science resulting from its use to date, and some future applications. C1 [Cohn, Stephen A.; Hock, Terry; Wang, Junhong; Martin, Charlie; Fox, Jack; Potts, Nick; Young, Kathryn; Cole, Hal] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Cocquerez, Philippe; Venel, Stephanie; Vargas, Andre] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Rabier, Florence; Karbou, Fatima; Fourrie, Nadia; Saint-Ramond, Nathalie; Guidard, Vincent; Doerenbecher, Alexis] Meteo France, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Rabier, Florence; Karbou, Fatima; Fourrie, Nadia; Saint-Ramond, Nathalie; Guidard, Vincent; Doerenbecher, Alexis] CNRS, Toulouse, France. [Parsons, David] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Harr, Patrick] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Wu, Chun-Chieh; Lin, Po-Hsiung] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Drobinski, Philippe] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Hsu, Huang-Hsiung] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Change, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Chou, Ming-Dah] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Redelsperger, Jean-Luc] UBO, IRD, IFREMER, CNRS,Lab Phys Oceans, Plouzane, France. RP Cohn, SA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM cohn@ucar.edu RI Jean-Luc, Redelsperger/L-4021-2015 FU National Science Foundation's Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences; Office of Polar Programs [ATM-0301213, ATM-9732665, ANT-0733007, ANT-1002057, AGS-0736003]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17GP1376]; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 96-2745-M-002-004, NSC 97-2111-M-002-005, NSC 97-2111-M-002-016-MY3]; Taiwan Central Weather Bureau [MOTC-CWB-97-6M-01]; Office of Naval Research [N00173-08-1-G007, N00014-09-WR20008]; national THORPEX project office; NSF through U.S. THORPEX project Office; Lower Atmospheric Observing Facilities; international THORPEX project office FX We are grateful for funding support from the National Science Foundation's Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences and Office of Polar Programs (Grants ATM-0301213, ATM-9732665, ANT-0733007, ANT-1002057, and AGS-0736003), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant NA17GP1376), the National Science Council of Taiwan (Grants NSC 96-2745-M-002-004, NSC 97-2111-M-002-005, and NSC 97-2111-M-002-016-MY3), the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau (Grant MOTC-CWB-97-6M-01), the Office of Naval Research (Grants N00173-08-1-G007 and N00014-09-WR20008), and the support of the national and international THORPEX project offices. NSF further supported these field projects through their support of the U.S. THORPEX project Office, and the Lower Atmospheric Observing Facilities. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1661 EP 1674 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00075.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 265CG UT WOS:000327926700005 ER PT J AU Drab, DM Willauer, HD Olsen, MT Ananth, R Mushrush, GW Baldwin, JW Hardy, DR Williams, FW AF Drab, David M. Willauer, Heather D. Olsen, Matthew T. Ananth, Ramagopal Mushrush, George W. Baldwin, Jeffrey W. Hardy, Dennis R. Williams, Frederick W. TI Hydrocarbon Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen: A Two-Step Process SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; AMORPHOUS SILICA-ALUMINA; STABLE HETEROGENEOUS OLIGOMERIZATION; GAS-PERMEABLE MEMBRANES; PORE-REGULATING AGENTS; CO2 HYDROGENATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; HIGHLY EFFICIENT; PHASE-TRANSITION; SLURRY REACTOR AB CO2 hydrogenation to olefins and ethylene oligomerization were investigated in efforts to improve catalyst composition and reaction conditions needed for scale-up. The hydrogenation of CO2 to hydrocarbons is investigated over gamma- alumina-supported iron-based iron-based catalysts modified with manganese and potassium promoters and a silica-stabilized coating under fixed-bed reactor conditions to produce unsaturated hydrocarbons as feedstock chemicals for jet fuel synthesis. The stabilizer is introduced by impregnating the K/Mn/Fe on Al2O3 catalyst with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) to minimize the deactivating effects of water on catalyst activity in CO2 hydrogenation. The K/Mn/Fe on Al2O3 catalyst modified with the TEOS and reduced in CO produced a lighter end fraction of olefins compared to the catalyst reduced in H-2. To increase the chain length of the olefins formed in the CO2 hydrogenation step, investigation of the oligomerization reaction is conducted in a separate experiment, where pure ethylene is used as a model olefin. Ethylene oligomerization over pelletized amorphous silica-alumina (ASA)-supported Ni catalysts demonstrated high conversion and selectivity toward the jet fuel fraction (C-8-C-16) at a very low mass hourly space velocity (MHSV). C1 [Drab, David M.; Willauer, Heather D.; Olsen, Matthew T.; Mushrush, George W.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ananth, Ramagopal; Williams, Frederick W.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baldwin, Jeffrey W.] US Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hardy, Dennis R.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Willauer, HD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave Southwest, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heather.willauer@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research both directly and through the NRL FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research both directly and through the NRL. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 94 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 IS 11 BP 6348 EP 6354 DI 10.1021/ef4011115 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 259WU UT WOS:000327557800003 ER PT J AU Fricker, RD AF Fricker, Ronald D., Jr. TI The 10th Rothkopf Rankings of Universities' Contributions to the INFORMS Practice Literature SO INTERFACES LA English DT Editorial Material DE professional: comments on ID DEHYDRATED ELEPHANTS AB This paper presents the 10th ranking of universities according to their contributions to the INFORMS practice literature. Two rankings are given, each based on a different metric: visibility is the number of times a university is listed as the primary academic affiliation in the INFORMS practice literature; yield is the equivalent number of INFORMS practice papers attributable to each university based on author primary academic affiliation. For U.S. universities, Georgia Institute of Technology ranks first in visibility, followed by the Naval Postgraduate School in second, and the Colorado School of Mines in third; for yield, the Naval Postgraduate School ranks first, followed by the Colorado School of Mines in second, and Georgia Institute of Technology third. For non-U.S. universities, the University of Chile ranks first and the University of Toronto ranks second for both visibility and yield, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology is third for visibility, and Cass Business School is third for yield. C1 Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fricker, RD (reprint author), Naval Postgraduate Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rdfricker@nps.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 0092-2102 EI 1526-551X J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 43 IS 6 BP 572 EP 577 DI 10.1287/inte.2013.0702 PG 6 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 267MA UT WOS:000328100700008 ER PT J AU Jiang, XC Hu, JS Petersen, ER Fitzgerald, LA Jackan, CS Lieber, AM Ringeisen, BR Lieber, CM Biffinger, JC AF Jiang, Xiaocheng Hu, Jinsong Petersen, Emily R. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Jackan, Charles S. Lieber, Alexander M. Ringeisen, Bradley R. Lieber, Charles M. Biffinger, Justin C. TI Probing single- to multi-cell level charge transport in Geobacter sulfurreducens DL-1 SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; TRANSFER MECHANISMS; POWER-DENSITY; BIOFILMS; SHEWANELLA; ENERGY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; MICROORGANISMS AB Microbial fuel cells, in which living microorganisms convert chemical energy into electricity, represent a potentially sustainable energy technology for the future. Here we report the single-bacterium level current measurements of Geobacter sulfurreducens DL-1 to elucidate the fundamental limits and factors determining maximum power output from a microbial fuel cell. Quantized stepwise current outputs of 92(+/- 33) and 196(+/- 20) fA are generated from microelectrode arrays confined in isolated wells. Simultaneous cell imaging/tracking and current recording reveals that the current steps are directly correlated with the contact of one or two cells with the electrodes. This work establishes the amount of current generated by an individual Geobacter cell in the absence of a biofilm and highlights the potential upper limit of microbial fuel cell performance for Geobacter in thin biofilms. C1 [Jiang, Xiaocheng; Jackan, Charles S.; Lieber, Alexander M.; Lieber, Charles M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hu, Jinsong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, CAS Key Lab Mol Nanostruct & Nanotechnol, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Petersen, Emily R.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.; Biffinger, Justin C.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lieber, Charles M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Biffinger, JC (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil RI Hu, Jin-Song/E-1001-2011; Jiang, Xiaocheng/B-8750-2016 OI Hu, Jin-Song/0000-0002-6268-0959; Jiang, Xiaocheng/0000-0002-3455-3653 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We thank Dr. Ping Xie and Quan Qing for helpful discussions. J.C.B. and B. R. R. acknowledge support of this research by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy. C. M. L. and B. R. R. acknowledge support of this work by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 68 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 4 AR 2751 DI 10.1038/ncomms3751 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 266KQ UT WOS:000328023000022 PM 24202068 ER PT J AU Royal, J Riddle, MS Mohareb, E Monteville, MR Porter, CK Faix, DJ AF Royal, Joseph Riddle, Mark S. Mohareb, Emad Monteville, Marshall R. Porter, Chad K. Faix, Dennis J. TI Seroepidemiologic Survey for Coxiella burnetii Among US Military Personnel Deployed to Southwest and Central Asia in 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID Q-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-DONORS; IRAQ; OUTBREAK; DIAGNOSIS; SEROPREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; EXPOSURE; TROOPS AB We used a seroepidemiologic study to estimate Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) seroprevalence, seroincidence, and risk factors for seroconversion in two deployed military populations in 2005. The first study group resided in an area with a known Q fever outbreak history (Al Asad, Iraq). Of this population, 7.2% seroconverted for an incidence rate of 10.6 seroconversions per 1,000 person-months. The second population included personnel transiting through Qatar on mid-deployment leave from southwest/central Asia. In this group, we found 2.1% prevalence with 0.92 seroconversions per 1,000 person-months. However, no significant risk factors for Q fever seroconversion were found in either population. C1 [Royal, Joseph] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20877 USA. [Porter, Chad K.] Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Mohareb, Emad; Monteville, Marshall R.] US Naval Med Res Unit, Cairo, Egypt. [Faix, Dennis J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Royal, J (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20877 USA. EM joseph.m.royal.mil@mail.mil; Mark.Riddle@med.navy.mil; Emad.Mohareb.eg@med.navy.mil; Marshall.Monteville@med.navy.mil; Chad.Porter@med.navy.mil; Dennis.Faix@med.navy.mil FU Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center-Global Emerging Infectious Surveillance and Response Research Program [847705.82000.25GB.E0018] FX This work was funded under Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center-Global Emerging Infectious Surveillance and Response Research Program Work Unit Number 847705.82000.25GB.E0018. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 89 IS 5 BP 991 EP 995 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0174 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 251BZ UT WOS:000326904100030 PM 24043692 ER PT J AU Michael, JB Laplante, PA Payne, J Black, PE Voas, JM AF Michael, James Bret Laplante, Phillip A. Payne, Jeffery Black, Paul E. Voas, Jeffrey M. TI Does Security Trump Reliability? SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB A conference panel discussed security and reliability and which of these concerns outweighs the other. Although the panel didn't draw a definitive conclusion, it did open the question for further consideration. C1 [Michael, James Bret] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Michael, James Bret] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA USA. [Laplante, Phillip A.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Payne, Jeffery] Coveros, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Michael, JB (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bmichael@nps.edu; plaplante@gv.psu.edu; jeff.payne@coveros.com; paul.black@nist.gov; j.voas@ieee.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD NOV PY 2013 VL 46 IS 11 BP 84 EP 86 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 260PD UT WOS:000327605900024 ER PT J AU Martin, R Vick, M Enneti, RK Atre, SV AF Martin, Renee Vick, Michael Enneti, Ravi K. Atre, Sundar V. TI Powder Injection Molding of Ceria-Stabilized, Zirconia-Toughened Mullite Parts for UAV Engine Components SO JOM LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLE ADDITION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; POLYMER FEEDSTOCK; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE; HEAT; ZRO2 AB Powder injection molding (PIM) of ceria-stabilized, zirconia-toughened mullite composites were investigated in the present article with the goal of obtaining performance enhancement in complex geometries for energy and transportation applications. A powder-polymer mixture (feedstock) was developed and characterized to determine its suitability for fabricating complex components using the PIM process. Test specimens were injection molded and subsequently debound and sintered. The sintered properties indicated suitable properties for engine component applications used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The measured feedstock properties were used in computer simulations to assess the mold-filling behavior for a miniature turbine stator. The results from the measurements of rheological and thermal properties of the feedstock combined with the sintered properties of the ceria-stabilized, zirconia-toughened mullite strongly indicate the potential for enhancing the performance of complex geometries used in demanding operating conditions in UAV engines. C1 [Martin, Renee; Atre, Sundar V.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Vick, Michael] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Enneti, Ravi K.] Global Tungsten & Powders Corp, Towanda, PA 18848 USA. RP Martin, R (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 204 Rogers Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ravi.enneti@globaltungsten.com NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD NOV PY 2013 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1388 EP 1394 DI 10.1007/s11837-013-0673-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 258ZE UT WOS:000327496400003 ER PT J AU Thurairajah, B Bailey, SM Siskind, DE Randall, CE Taylor, MJ Russell, JM AF Thurairajah, Brentha Bailey, Scott M. Siskind, David E. Randall, Cora E. Taylor, Michael J. Russell, James M., III TI Case study of an ice void structure in polar mesospheric clouds SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Polar mesospheric clouds; Mesosphere; Planetary waves; Tides ID NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; PLANETARY-WAVES; GRAVITY-WAVES; SABER; MODEL; TEMPERATURES; THUNDERSTORM; AIRCRAFT; CIPS AB The Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument aboard the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) mission produces detailed images of Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) from space and has revealed several distinct types of cloud structures. One such commonly observed structure is an 'ice void'-a nearly circular ice-free region with diameter varying from tens to thousands of kilometers. We document the morphology of large ice voids (diameter of similar to 500-1000 km) as seen by CIPS in the northern hemisphere 2007 PMC season. The meteorology of the mesosphere when these voids occur is described by the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System-Advanced Level Physics High Altitude (NOGAPS-ALPHA) forecast/assimilation system. A comprehensive study of dynamics and transport in the mesosphere using NOGAPS-ALPHA during the occurrence of a large ice void observed by CIPS on 19 July 2007 indicates that warmer temperatures (warmer than the frost point temperature of similar to 144K) at the location of the void may be related to increased tidal activity and transport of warm air from low latitudes. However, a detailed analysis of all identified voids is necessary to generalize the factors that could be responsible for the formation of an ice void. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thurairajah, Brentha; Bailey, Scott M.] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Siskind, David E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Randall, Cora E.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Randall, Cora E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Taylor, Michael J.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Taylor, Michael J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Phys, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Thurairajah, B (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM brenthat@vt.edu RI Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 FU National Science Foundation CEDAR Postdoc award [AGS-0924960]; NASA/AIM mission [NAS5-03132] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation CEDAR Postdoc award under grant AGS-0924960 and the NASA/AIM mission under contract NAS5-03132. AIM was developed as part of the NASA Small Explorer Project. DES's time was supported by the NASA AIM project and the Office of Naval Research. The authors acknowledge the efforts of the AIM data processing and science teams, the NOGAPS-ALPHA team and a grant of time from the DoD Supercomputing Resource Center. Wavelet software was partly provided by C. Torrence and G. Compo and is available at http://atoc.colorado.edu/research/wavelets/. We thank Drs. Gary Thomas and Dave Rusch for helpful discussions. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 104 BP 224 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2013.02.001 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 255IH UT WOS:000327232100021 ER PT J AU Hervig, ME Siskind, DE Stevens, MH Deaver, LE AF Hervig, Mark E. Siskind, David E. Stevens, Michael H. Deaver, Lance E. TI Inter-hemispheric comparison of PMCs and their environment from SOFIE observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Polar mesospheric cloud; PMC; SOFIE; AIM ID POLAR MESOSPHERIC CLOUDS; LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; SOUTH-POLE; ICE; TEMPERATURE; WATER; SUMMER; VAPOR; MASS AB Observations of polar mesospheric clouds (PMC) and their environment from the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) are examined to quantify differences between the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) during summer. The results indicate that hemispheric differences are smaller when using pressure as the vertical coordinate, instead of altitude. The peak in PMC mass density (Z(max)) was found to exist 1.2 km higher in the SH, but at about the same pressure (similar to 0.0055 hPa) in both hemispheres. This occurs because systematically warmer temperatures in the SH polar summer stratosphere and mesosphere expand the overlying atmosphere to raise the altitudes of pressure levels in the SH mesosphere relative to the NH. For the five southern and five northern PMC seasons observed to date, the primary differences are that PMCs in the Northern Hemisphere are more frequent (24% +/- 32%), have greater ice mass density (65% +/- 26% at Z(max)) and exist for a longer seasonal period (10 +/- 10 days). These differences are attributed primarily to lower temperatures (4 to 9 K) in the north because water vapor differences are small (1.9% +/- 5.4% at Z(max)). 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hervig, Mark E.] GATS Inc, Driggs, ID 83422 USA. [Siskind, David E.; Stevens, Michael H.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Deaver, Lance E.] GATS Inc, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Hervig, ME (reprint author), GATS Inc, Driggs, ID 83422 USA. EM m.e.hervig@gats-inc.com OI Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 FU NASA/AIM mission; NASA's Small Explorers Program [NAS5-03132] FX This work was supported by the NASA/AIM mission which is funded by NASA's Small Explorers Program under contract NAS5-03132. Many thanks to the AIM and SOFIE teams for years of dedication and service. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 104 BP 285 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2012.10.013 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 255IH UT WOS:000327232100028 ER PT J AU Cristi, R Axtell, TW AF Cristi, Roberto Axtell, Travis W. TI Least-squares phase estimation with wrapped measurements and branch points SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; STRONG SCINTILLATION; AGGREGATE BEHAVIOR; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; RECONSTRUCTION; PERFORMANCE; TURBULENCE; SENSORS AB A nonorthogonal model for 2D signals with rotational components is presented, which enables estimation of phase values from observations of its local gradients. In this research, the rotational components are caused by the presence of branch points, which indicates phase wrapping. Using the proposed model, the phase is estimated using standard least-squares or recently proposed wavelet techniques by processing a linear combination of the wrapped observed gradients and the curl generated by phase wrapping. C1 [Cristi, Roberto; Axtell, Travis W.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cristi, R (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Spanagel Hall,Room 437,833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rcristi@nps.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2225 EP 2236 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.30.002225 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 254RP UT WOS:000327185000008 PM 24322919 ER PT J AU Gillman, ED Foster, JE AF Gillman, Eric D. Foster, John E. TI Electron depletion via cathode spot dispersion of dielectric powder into an overhead plasma SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID DUSTY PLASMAS; REENTRY; PROGRESS AB The effectiveness of cathode spot delivered dielectric particles for the purpose of plasma depletion is investigated. Here, cathode spot flows kinetically entrain and accelerate dielectric particles originally at rest into a background plasma. The time variation of the background plasma density is tracked using a cylindrical Langmuir probe biased approximately at electron saturation. As inferred from changes in the electron saturation current, depletion fractions of up to 95% are observed. This method could be exploited as a means of communications blackout mitigation for manned and unmanned reentering spacecraft as well as any high speed vehicle enveloped by a dense plasma layer. (C) 2013 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Gillman, Eric D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Foster, John E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci NERS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gillman, ED (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM eric.gillman.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; jefoster@umich.edu FU NASA Graduate Student Research Program (GSRP) FX This work was supported, in part, by the NASA Graduate Student Research Program (GSRP). NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 31 IS 6 AR 061303 DI 10.1116/1.4817753 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 255QC UT WOS:000327253900010 ER PT J AU Ovtchinnikov, SG Cooke, SJ Mkrtchyan, MM Shtokhamer, R Kostas, C Petillo, JJ Petric, PF McCord, MA Vlasov, AN Levush, B AF Ovtchinnikov, Serguei G. Cooke, Simon J. Mkrtchyan, Masis M. Shtokhamer, Roman Kostas, Christopher Petillo, John J. Petric, Paul F. McCord, Mark A. Vlasov, Alexander N. Levush, Baruch TI Modeling of counter streaming charged beams in MICHELLE-eBEAM SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article AB A new approach implemented in the MICHELLE-eBEAM code [Ovtchinnikov et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 28, C6J8 (2010)] is designed to take advantage of the graphics processing unit hardware acceleration using novel algorithms to capture inter-particle interactions accurately and efficiently. This approach is used in the simulation of counter streaming charged particle beams, where two beams are colocated in space while propagating in opposite directions, and has applications in lithographic devices such as in Reflective Electron Beam Lithography (REBL) [Petric et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 27, 161 (2009)]. Modeling such counter streaming beams presents different computational challenges depending on the specific device being modeled. These applications often require the modeling of both global and stochastic space charge, where the latter calls for accurate evaluation of Coulomb interactions. In this paper, the authors report on our progress and demonstrate, for a high current REBL application, the achieved accuracy and performance of the new code. (C) 2013 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Ovtchinnikov, Serguei G.; Mkrtchyan, Masis M.; Shtokhamer, Roman; Kostas, Christopher; Petillo, John J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Cooke, Simon J.; Vlasov, Alexander N.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Petric, Paul F.; McCord, Mark A.] KLA Tencor, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. RP Ovtchinnikov, SG (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 700 Technol Pk Dr,Suite 201, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM ovtchinnikov@saic.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2013 VL 31 IS 6 AR 06F406 DI 10.1116/1.4827189 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 262BE UT WOS:000327708300013 ER PT J AU Shabaev, A Efros, AL Efros, AL AF Shabaev, Andrew Efros, Alexander L. Efros, Alexei L. TI Dark and Photo-Conductivity in Ordered Array of Nanocrystals SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE supercrystals; nanocrystals; band-transport; photoconductivity; metal-insulator transition ID QUANTUM-DOT SOLIDS; BAND-LIKE TRANSPORT; COLLOIDAL NANOCRYSTALS; ASSEMBLIES; FILMS; TRANSITION; DEPENDENCE; ROUTE; PBSE AB A theory of photo- and dark-band conductivities in semiconductor supercrystals consisting of nanocrystals is developed by assuming scattering by structural defects in the supercrystals. A new proposed mechanism of photoexcitation, which is triggered by an efficient Auger ionization of charged nanocrystals, provides explanation for the measured photocurrent being 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than the dark current. For dark conductivity, the metal-insulator transitions and temperature dependence of mobility in the metal phase are considered. C1 [Shabaev, Andrew] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Efros, Alexander L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Efros, Alexei L.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Shabaev, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ashabaev@gmu.edu; efros@nrl.navy.mil; efros@physics.utah.edu FU Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics (CASP), an Energy Frontier Research Center by OBES, OS, U.S. DOE; Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program FX We thank A. P. Alivisatos for the stimulating discussion of the transport properties of a NC solid and J. L. Feldman for the critical reading of the manuscript. A.S. acknowledges support of the Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics (CASP), an Energy Frontier Research Center founded by OBES, OS, U.S. DOE. Al.L.E. acknowledges financial support of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. NR 40 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 13 IS 11 BP 5454 EP 5461 DI 10.1021/nl403033f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 253TH UT WOS:000327111700073 PM 24117108 ER PT J AU Asvestas, JS Richardson, DW Allen, OE AF Asvestas, John S. Richardson, Dennis W. Allen, Oliver E. TI Calculation of the Impedance Matrix Inner Integral of the Magnetic-Field Integral Equation to Prescribed Precision SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Impedance-matrix; magnetic-field integral equation (MFIE); method of moments; numerical integration; significant digits; solid-angle integral; Taylor's theorem with a remainder AB We present a new method to evaluate the inner integral of the impedance matrix elements in the traditional Rao-Wilton-Glisson formulation of the method of moments for the magnetic-field integral equation. The evaluation is to a prescribed precision. We show that we can write the inner integral in terms of two scalar integrals: 1) a surface integral over the integration triangle (IT) and 2) a line integral over the boundary of the IT. Just as with the original integral, neither of these integrals can be evaluated analytically. In our method, we bypass this obstacle by replacing the original integrand (modified by a constant phase factor) by its Taylor series and by keeping enough terms to guarantee a number of significant digits in the integration outcome. We have accomplished this for the surface and the line integral. We present a systematic derivation of the formulas for the two integrals and we conduct extensive testing of our results. C1 [Asvestas, John S.; Richardson, Dennis W.; Allen, Oliver E.] NAVAIR, Radar & Antenna Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Asvestas, JS (reprint author), NAVAIR, Radar & Antenna Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM john.asvestas@navy.mil; dennis.richardson@navy.mil; oliver.allen@navy.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 61 IS 11 BP 5553 EP 5558 DI 10.1109/TAP.2013.2276931 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 250ED UT WOS:000326832300022 ER PT J AU Zervaki, AD Stergiou, V Lambrakos, SG AF Zervaki, A. D. Stergiou, V. Lambrakos, S. G. TI Case-Study Inverse Thermal Analyses of Al2139 and Al2198 Electron Beam Welds SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE aluminum; modeling processes; welding AB Case study inverse thermal analyses of A12139 and Al2198 electron beam welds are presented. These analyses represent a continuation of previous studies using laser beam welds, but provide accessibility to different regions of the parameter space for temperature histories than achievable using laser beams. For these analyses, a numerical methodology is employed, which is in terms of analytic functions for inverse thermal analysis of steady-state energy deposition in plate structures. The results of the case studies presented provide parametric representations of weld temperature histories, which can be adopted as input data to various types of computational procedures, such as those for prediction of solid-state phase transformations and their associated software implementations. In addition, these weld temperature histories can be used for construction of numerical basis functions that can be adopted for inverse analysis of welds corresponding to other process parameters or welding processes process conditions of which are within similar regimes. C1 [Zervaki, A. D.] Univ Thessaly, Dept Mech Engn, Volos 38334, Greece. [Stergiou, V.] Hellen Aerosp Ind, Schimatari, Greece. [Lambrakos, S. G.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Zervaki, AD (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Dept Mech Engn, Volos 38334, Greece. EM samuel.lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Core program FX The calculations presented in this article (thermal histories) are based on the study supported by the Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Core program in inverse methods of analysis. In particular, S. G. L. would like to thank the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Thessaly for its continued collaboration concerning welding and materials processing. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 EI 1544-1024 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 22 IS 11 BP 3175 EP 3181 DI 10.1007/s11665-013-0612-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 250WX UT WOS:000326888500001 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Scherr, MJ Geltmacher, AB Sharp, KW AF Fonda, R. W. Scherr, M. J. Geltmacher, A. B. Sharp, K. W. TI Soldering a 3D Wire Lattice Structure SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE joining; periodic structures; textile fabrication; weave ID COMPOSITES AB Soldering the junctions in a novel woven structure constructed from metallic wires is expected to significantly enhance the mechanical properties of that structure. The ideal bond geometry has solder localized at wire junctions and a uniform amount of solder at each junction throughout the structure. By examining the effects of solvent variations, liquid flux concentration, and solder powder concentration on the soldered joint geometry and distribution, we have developed a new procedure to bond these wire junctions using a very fine solder powder suspended in a flux solution. C1 [Fonda, R. W.; Scherr, M. J.; Geltmacher, A. B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Sharp, K. W.] 3TEX Inc, Rutherford, NC USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM Richard.Fonda@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Materials with Controlled Microstructural Architectures program FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Materials with Controlled Microstructural Architectures program. We would also like to recognize David Rowenhorst and David Dunand for their helpful discussions and the remainder of the DARPA MCMA team for their support. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 EI 1544-1024 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 22 IS 11 BP 3376 EP 3380 DI 10.1007/s11665-013-0655-3 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 250WX UT WOS:000326888500020 ER PT J AU Ganem, J Bowman, SR AF Ganem, Joseph Bowman, Steven R. TI Use of thulium-sensitized rare earth-doped low phonon energy crystalline hosts for IR sources SO NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Rare earth-doped crystals; Thulium cross-relaxation; Solid-state optical cooling; Mid-infrared sources; Optically pumped mid-infrared phosphors; Potassium lead chloride ID POTASSIUM LEAD CHLORIDE; UP-CONVERSION PROCESSES; LASER CRYSTALS; EMISSION PROPERTIES; EXCITED-STATES; ANTI-STOKES; KPB2CL5; GROWTH; IONS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Crystalline hosts with low phonon energies enable novel energy transfer processes when doped with rare earth ions. Two applications of energy transfer for rare earth ions in thulium-sensitized low phonon energy crystals that result in infrared luminescence are discussed. One application is an endothermic, phonon-assisted cross-relaxation process in thulium-doped yttrium chloride that converts lattice phonons to infrared emission, which raises the possibility of a fundamentally new method for achieving solid-state optical cooling. The other application is an optically pumped mid-IR phosphor using thulium-praseodymium-doped potassium lead chloride that converts 805-nm diode light to broadband emission from 4,000 to 5,500 nm. These two applications in chloride crystals are discussed in terms of critical radii calculated from Forster-Dexter energy transfer theory. It is found that the critical radii for electric dipole-dipole interactions in low phonon energy chloride crystals are comparable to those in conventional oxide and fluoride crystals. It is the reduction in multi-phonon relaxation rates in chloride crystals that enable these additional energy transfer processes and infrared luminescence. C1 [Ganem, Joseph] Loyola Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. [Bowman, Steven R.] Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ganem, J (reprint author), Loyola Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, 4501 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. EM Ganem@loyola.edu FU National Science Foundation Division of Electrical and Communication Systems [ECS-9970055, ECS-0245455]; Office of Naval Research FX Work at Loyola University Maryland was supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Electrical and Communication Systems under grants ECS-9970055 and ECS-0245455. The Office of Naval Research supported this work at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1556-276X J9 NANOSCALE RES LETT JI Nanoscale Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 8 AR 455 DI 10.1186/1556-276X-8-455 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 253PI UT WOS:000327101100001 PM 24180684 ER PT J AU Henebry, LTA Gaskill, LCDRT AF Henebry, L. T. Andrew Gaskill, L. C. D. R. Trevor TI The Effect of Pelvic Tilt on Radiographic Markers of Acetabular Coverage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pelvic tilt; hip; femoroacetabular impingement; acetabular coverage; pelvic tilt variability; imaging and radiology ID FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT; HIP; OSTEOARTHRITIS; RELIABILITY; DYSPLASIA; ALIGNMENT; ADULTS AB Background: Radiographic indices of acetabular coverage are crucial to objectively characterize femoroacetabular impingement and plan bony decompression. It is established that changes in pelvic inclination result in alterations of acetabular crossover; however, it is unclear what influence this has on other measures of acetabular anatomy. Hypothesis: The objective of the present study was to determine if, and to what degree, a variation in pelvic tilt alters 4 measures of acetabular anatomy: the angle of Sharp, Tonnis angle, percentage of acetabular crossover, and lateral center edge angle (LCEA). The hypothesis was that pelvic tilt would significantly alter all measures of acetabular coverage. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Fluoroscopic images of 8 adult hemipelvises were obtained at 7 positions of rotation in the sagittal plane to investigate the change of each measurement in response to pelvic orientation. Two reviewers obtained measurements from each image at 2 separate time points. Results: Each increment of pelvic inclination resulted in increased measures of acetabular coverage for all measurements, whereas each increment of decreased pelvic inclination resulted in decreased measures of acetabular coverage for all measurements. Significant differences in the measured LCEA, acetabular crossover, and Tonnis angle were identified at each increment of tilt as compared with neutral radiographs. No significant differences could be identified for the angle of Sharp. Conclusion: Pelvic tilt significantly alters the measures of LCEA, crossover, and Tonnis angle in this cadaveric study. Pelvic inclination results in increased measures of acetabular coverage, whereas decreasing inclination decreases each measure. Clinical Relevance: Given the known individual and positional pelvic tilt variability, standing anteroposterior pelvic radiographs may provide a more physiological representation of acetabular coverage in the young adult population. C1 [Henebry, L. T. Andrew; Gaskill, L. C. D. R. Trevor] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Gaskill, LCDRT (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM trevor.gaskill@med.navy.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 EI 1552-3365 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 41 IS 11 BP 2599 EP 2603 DI 10.1177/0363546513500632 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 245HI UT WOS:000326453500021 ER PT J AU Nelson, C Avramov-Zamurovic, S Korotkova, O Malek-Madani, R Sova, R Davidson, F AF Nelson, Charles Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana Korotkova, Olga Malek-Madani, Reza Sova, Raymond Davidson, Frederic TI Probability density functions of power-in-bucket and power-in-fiber for an infrared laser beam propagating in the maritime environment SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIANCE FLUCTUATIONS; TURBULENCE; INTENSITY AB Irradiance fluctuations of an infrared laser beam from a shore-to-ship data link ranging from 5.1 to 17.8 km are compared to lognormal (LN), gamma-gamma (GG) with aperture averaging, and gamma-Laguerre (GL) distributions. From our data analysis, the LN and GG probability density function (PDF) models were generally in good agreement in near-weak to moderate fluctuations. This was also true in moderate to strong fluctuations when the spatial coherence radius was smaller than the detector aperture size, with the exception of the 2.54 cm power-in-bucket (PIB) where the LN PDF model fit best. For moderate to strong fluctuations, the GG PDF model tended to outperform the LN PDF model when the spatial coherence radius was greater than the detector aperture size. Additionally, the GL PDF model had the best or next to best overall fit in all cases with the exception of the 2.54 cm PIB where the scintillation index was highest. The GL PDF model also appears to be robust for off-of-beam center laser beam applications. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Nelson, Charles] US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana] US Naval Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Korotkova, Olga] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Malek-Madani, Reza] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Sova, Raymond] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Davidson, Frederic] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Nelson, C (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM cnelson@usna.edu FU ONR [N0001412WX20146]; AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0449]; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory FX Our team would like to acknowledge the support from ONR N0001412WX20146 for Dr. Avramov-Zamurovic, and AFOSR FA9550-12-1-0449 for Dr. Korotkova's research, and the support from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Additionally, we would like to acknowledge and thank our reviewers for several helpful comments. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 31 BP 7449 EP 7461 DI 10.1364/AO.52.007449 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 246VL UT WOS:000326568000007 PM 24216643 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Feigelson, BN Anderson, TJ AF Freitas, Jaime A., Jr. Feigelson, Boris N. Anderson, Travis J. TI Efficient Incorporation of Mg in Solution Grown GaN Crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FABRICATION; EPITAXY AB Detailed spectrometry and optical spectroscopy studies carried out on GaN crystals grown in solution detect and identify Mg as the dominant shallow acceptor. Selective etching of crystals with higher Mg levels than that of the donor concentration background indicates that Mg acceptors incorporate preferentially in the N-polar face. Electrical transport measurements verified an efficient incorporation and activation of the Mg acceptors. These results suggest that this growth method has the potential to produce p-type doped epitaxial layers or p-type substrates characterized by high hole concentration and low defect density. (C) 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Freitas, Jaime A., Jr.; Feigelson, Boris N.; Anderson, Travis J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 29 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1882-0778 EI 1882-0786 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD NOV PY 2013 VL 6 IS 11 AR 111001 DI 10.7567/APEX.6.111001 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 250BB UT WOS:000326824000001 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Asano, K Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Bhat, PN Bissaldi, E Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Bonnell, J Bouvier, A Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Burgess, JM Buson, S Byrne, D Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Cecchi, C Charles, E Chaves, RCG Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Connaughton, V Conrad, J Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A de Palma, F Dermer, CD Desiante, R Digel, SW Dingus, BL Di Venere, L Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Dubois, R Favuzzi, C Ferrara, EC Fitzpatrick, G Foley, S Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Goldstein, A Granot, J Grenier, IA Grove, JE Gruber, D Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hanabata, Y Hayashida, M Horan, D Hou, X Hughes, RE Inoue, Y Jackson, MS Jogler, T Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Kataoka, J Kawano, T Kippen, RM Knodlseder, J Kocevski, D Kouveliotou, C Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Lee, SH Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Massaro, F Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McBreen, S McEnery, JE McGlynn, S Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Moretti, E Morselli, A Murgia, S Nemmen, R Nuss, E Nymark, T Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E Paciesas, WS Paneque, D Panetta, JH Pelassa, V Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Preece, R Racusin, JL Raino, S Rando, R Rau, A Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Romoli, C Roth, M Ryde, F Parkinson, PMS Schalk, TL Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Sonbas, E Spandre, G Spinelli, P Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takeuchi, Y Tanaka, Y Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tierney, D Tinivella, M Torres, DF Tosti, G Troja, E Tronconi, V Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J van der Horst, AJ Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V von Kienlin, A Winer, BL Wood, KS Wood, M Xiong, S Yang, Z AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Asano, K. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Bhat, P. N. Bissaldi, E. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Bonnell, J. Bouvier, A. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Burgess, J. Michael Buson, S. Byrne, D. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chaves, R. C. G. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Connaughton, V. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Desiante, R. Digel, S. W. Dingus, B. L. Di Venere, L. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Dubois, R. Favuzzi, C. Ferrara, E. C. Fitzpatrick, G. Foley, S. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Goldstein, A. Granot, J. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Gruber, D. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hanabata, Y. Hayashida, M. Horan, D. Hou, X. Hughes, R. E. Inoue, Y. Jackson, M. S. Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Kataoka, J. Kawano, T. Kippen, R. M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocevski, D. Kouveliotou, C. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Massaro, F. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McBreen, S. McEnery, J. E. McGlynn, S. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Moretti, E. Morselli, A. Murgia, S. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Nymark, T. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Paciesas, W. S. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Pelassa, V. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Preece, R. Racusin, J. L. Raino, S. Rando, R. Rau, A. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Romoli, C. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Schalk, T. L. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Sonbas, E. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takeuchi, Y. Tanaka, Y. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tierney, D. Tinivella, M. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Tronconi, V. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. van der Horst, A. J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. von Kienlin, A. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Xiong, S. Yang, Z. TI THE FIRST FERMI-LAT GAMMA-RAY BURST CATALOG SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; gamma-ray burst: general; methods: data analysis ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; INTERNAL SHOCK MODEL; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; DELAYED GEV EMISSION; SPECTRAL COMPONENT; PROMPT EMISSION; GRB 100728A; LIKELIHOOD RATIO; FLARING ACTIVITY; PHOTON-EMISSION AB In three years of observations since the beginning of nominal science operations in 2008 August, the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has observed high-energy (greater than or similar to 20 MeV) gamma-ray emission from 35 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Among these, 28 GRBs have been detected above 100 MeV and 7 GRBs above similar to 20 MeV. The first Fermi-LAT catalog of GRBs is a compilation of these detections and provides a systematic study of high-energy emission from GRBs for the first time. To generate the catalog, we examined 733 GRBs detected by the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on Fermi and processed each of them using the same analysis sequence. Details of the methodology followed by the LAT collaboration for the GRB analysis are provided. We summarize the temporal and spectral properties of the LAT-detected GRBs. We also discuss characteristics of LAT-detected emission such as its delayed onset and longer duration compared with emission detected by the GBM, its power-law temporal decay at late times, and the fact that it is dominated by a power-law spectral component that appears in addition to the usual Band model. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Mayer, M.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. 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[Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Pivato, G.; Rando, R.; Romoli, C.; Tronconi, V.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bechtol, K.; Bloom, E. D.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Di Venere, L.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Inoue, Y.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Massaro, F.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bechtol, K.; Bloom, E. D.; Buehler, R.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Di Venere, L.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Inoue, Y.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Massaro, F.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Tajima, H.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bhat, P. N.; Burgess, J. Michael; Connaughton, V.; Goldstein, A.; Pelassa, V.; Preece, R.; Xiong, S.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Bissaldi, E.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Bissaldi, E.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonnell, J.; Brandt, T. J.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gehrels, N.; Guiriec, S.; McEnery, J. E.; Nemmen, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Racusin, J. L.; Sonbas, E.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bonnell, J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bonnell, J.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bouvier, A.; Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bouvier, A.; Razzano, M.; Ritz, S.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Schalk, T. L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Byrne, D.; Fitzpatrick, G.; Foley, S.; McBreen, S.; Tierney, D.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEE CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dingus, B. L.; Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Foley, S.; Gruber, D.; McBreen, S.; Rau, A.; von Kienlin, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Kawano, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Granot, J.] Open Univ Israel, Dept Nat Sci, IL-43537 Raanana, Israel. [Hayashida, M.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Hou, X.; Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Hughes, R. E.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Kataoka, J.; Takeuchi, Y.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.] IRAP, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, GAHEC, UPS OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France. [Kouveliotou, C.; Moiseev, A. A.; Perkins, J. S.; van der Horst, A. J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Lee, S. -H.] Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [McGlynn, S.] Tech Univ Munich, Exzellenzcluster Universe, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Moiseev, A. A.; Perkins, J. S.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Ohno, M.; Tanaka, Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Paciesas, W. S.; Sonbas, E.] USRA, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Perkins, J. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Razzaque, S.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Phys, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. [Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Sonbas, E.] Adiyaman Univ, TR-02040 Adiyaman, Turkey. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tajima, H.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM nicola.omodei@stanford.edu; piron@in2p3.fr; soebur.razzaque@gmail.com; vlasios.vasileiou@lupm.in2p3.fr RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; Inoue, Yoshiyuki/0000-0002-7272-1136; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Burgess, James/0000-0003-3345-9515; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; McBreen, Sheila/0000-0002-1477-618X; Moretti, Elena/0000-0001-5477-9097; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atom-ique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States; the Commissariat a l'Energie Atom-ique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 297 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 29 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 209 IS 1 AR UNSP 11 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/209/1/11 PG 90 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 246WJ UT WOS:000326571000011 ER PT J AU Fischer, TC Crenshaw, DM Kraemer, SB Schmitt, HR AF Fischer, T. C. Crenshaw, D. M. Kraemer, S. B. Schmitt, H. R. TI DETERMINING INCLINATIONS OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI VIA THEIR NARROW-LINE REGION KINEMATICS. I. OBSERVATIONAL RESULTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (Akn 564; Circinus; IC 3639; IRAS 11058; 1131; MCG; 6; 30; 15; Mrk 34; Mrk 279; Mrk 348; Mrk 463e; Mrk 493; Mrk 509; Mrk 705; Mrk 766; Mrk 1040; Mrk 1066; NGC 1358; NGC 1386; NGC 1667; NGC 2110; NGC 2273; NGC 3081; NGC 3227; NGC 339; NGC 3516; NGC 3783; NGC 4051; NGC 4303; NGC 4395; NGC 4507; NGC 5135; NGC 525; NGC 5283; NGC 5347; NGC 5427; NGC 5506; NGC 5548; NGC 5643; NGC 5695; NGC 572; NGC 5929; NGC 6300; NGC 7212; NGC 7469; NGC 7674; NGC 7682; NGC 788; UM 146); galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; galaxies: Seyfert; Online; only material: color figures; extended figure ID SEYFERT-2 GALAXY NGC-1068; EMISSION-LINE; CIRCINUS GALAXY; STAR-FORMATION; RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; NEARBY GALAXIES; JET DIRECTIONS; IMAGING SURVEY; LOW-LUMINOSITY; MASS OUTFLOWS AB Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are axisymmetric systems to first order; their observed properties are likely strong functions of inclination with respect to our line of sight (LOS). However, except for a few special cases, the specific inclinations of individual AGNs are unknown. We have developed a promising technique for determining the inclinations of nearby AGNs by mapping the kinematics of their narrow- line regions (NLRs), which are often easily resolved with Hubble Space Telescope [O III] imaging and long-slit spectra from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. Our studies indicate that NLR kinematics dominated by radial outflow can be fit with simple biconical outflow models that can be used to determine the inclination of the bicone axis, and hence the obscuring torus, with respect to our LOS. We present NLR analysis of 53 Seyfert galaxies and the resulting inclinations from models of 17 individual AGNs with clear signatures of biconical outflows. Our model results agree with the unified model in that Seyfert 1 AGNs have NLRs inclined further toward our LOS than Seyfert 2 AGNs. Knowing the inclinations of these AGN NLRs, and thus their accretion disk and/ or torus axes, will allow us to determine how their observed properties vary as a function of polar angle. We find no correlation between the inclinations of the AGN NLRs and the disks of their host galaxies, indicating that the orientation of the gas in the torus is independent of that of the host disk. C1 [Fischer, T. C.; Crenshaw, D. M.] Georgia State Univ, Astron Off, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Kraemer, S. B.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fischer, TC (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Astron Off, Dept Phys & Astron, 25 Pk Pl,Suite 600, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM fischer@chara.gsu.edu FU NASA [NAS5-26555] FX T.C.F. thanks M. C. Bentz, H. R. Miller, R. J. White, and P. J. Wiita for useful discussions and the anonymous referee for his or her practical suggestions. Some of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This research has also made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 65 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 209 IS 1 AR UNSP 1 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/209/1/1 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 246WJ UT WOS:000326571000001 ER PT J AU Lopez-Mariscal, C McGloin, D AF Lopez-Mariscal, Carlos McGloin, David TI Introduction: Optical trapping and applications feature issue SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Editorial Material AB The editors introduce the Biomedical Optics Express feature issue on "Optical Trapping and Applications." The works presented in the papers within this issue include were the focus of the third OTA Topical Meeting that was held on April 14-18, 2013, in Waikoloa, Hawaii. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Lopez-Mariscal, Carlos] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McGloin, David] Univ Dundee, Sch Engn Phys & Maths, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. RP Lopez-Mariscal, C (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM clmariscal@osa.org OI McGloin, David/0000-0002-0075-4481 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2156-7085 J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS JI Biomed. Opt. Express PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 4 IS 11 BP 2710 EP 2711 DI 10.1364/BOE.4.002710 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 246ZW UT WOS:000326582500037 PM 24298428 ER PT J AU Gaudreau, P Zizak, V Gallagher, TQ AF Gaudreau, Philip Zizak, Vincent Gallagher, Thomas Q. TI The otolaryngologic manifestations of Sotos syndrome SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sotos syndrome; NSD1; Pediatric otolaryngology ID CEREBRAL GIGANTISM; FEATURES AB Objective: Soto's syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the NSD1 gene. It is characterized by excessive growth in early life. It features craniofacial abnormalities, developmental delay, hypotonia and advanced bone age. A review of the current literature reveals only chronic otitis media and conductive hearing loss as otolaryngologic manifestations of Soto's syndrome. Our objective was to determine if there are additional manifestations relevant to the otolaryngologist. Methods: We performed a retrospective case series in which the Department of Defense electronic medical record was searched for ICD 9 code 253.0 (acromegaly/gigantism). Records were reviewed for genetic testing indicative of Soto's syndrome. These records were further analyzed for evidence of otolaryngologic problems. Results: Seventeen patients were identified with five having confirmed NSD1 mutations consistent with Soto's syndrome. Of these, 4/5 had otolaryngologic problems such as conductive hearing loss, aspiration, laryngomalacia, obstructive sleep apnea and sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusions: Currently there is no description in the literature of these additional manifestations of Soto's syndrome. We present this case series to support the idea that an otolaryngologist should be involved in the multidisciplinary care required for these patients. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Gaudreau, Philip; Zizak, Vincent; Gallagher, Thomas Q.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Gaudreau, P (reprint author), 1005 Sawtooth Dr, Suffolk, VA 23434 USA. EM pgaudreau164@gmail.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0165-5876 EI 1872-8464 J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1861 EP 1863 DI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.08.029 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics GA 246TC UT WOS:000326561000013 PM 24060089 ER PT J AU Calvo, DC Nicholas, M Orris, GJ AF Calvo, David C. Nicholas, Michael Orris, Gregory J. TI Experimental verification of enhanced sound transmission from water to air at low frequencies SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS TRANSPARENCY; INTERFACE AB Laboratory measurements of enhanced sound transmission from water to air at low frequencies are presented. The pressure at a monitoring hydrophone is found to decrease for shallow source depths in agreement with the classical theory of a monopole source in proximity to a pressure release interface. On the other hand, for source depths below 1/10 of an acoustic wavelength in water, the radiation pattern in the air measured by two microphones becomes progressively omnidirectional in contrast to the classical geometrical acoustics picture in which sound is contained within a cone of 13.4 degrees half angle. The measured directivities agree with wavenumber integration results for a point source over a range of frequencies and source depths. The wider radiation pattern owes itself to the conversion of evanescent waves in the water into propagating waves in the air that fill the angular space outside the cone. A ratio of pressure measurements made using an on-axis microphone and a near-axis hydrophone are also reported and compared with theory. Collectively, these pressure measurements are consistent with the theory of anomalous transparency of the water-air interface in which a large fraction of acoustic power emitted by a shallow source is radiated into the air. C1 [Calvo, David C.; Nicholas, Michael; Orris, Gregory J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calvo, DC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7165,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.calvo@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 134 IS 5 BP 3403 EP 3408 DI 10.1121/1.4822478 PN 1 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 247SO UT WOS:000326640800019 PM 24180750 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Mulsow, J Houser, DS AF Finneran, James J. Mulsow, Jason Houser, Dorian S. TI Using the auditory steady-state response to assess temporal dynamics of hearing sensitivity during bottlenose dolphin echolocation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AUTOMATIC GAIN-CONTROL; FALSE KILLER WHALE; ODONTOCETE BIOSONAR; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; EVOKED POTENTIALS; ADJUSTMENTS; MASKING; SYSTEM; PULSES; RANGE AB The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) to an external tone was measured in an echolocating dolphin to determine if hearing sensitivity changes could be tracked over time scales corresponding to single click-echo pairs. Individual epochs containing click-echo pairs were first extracted from the instantaneous electroencephalogram. Epochs were coherently averaged using the external tone modulation rate as a timing reference, then Fourier transformed using a sliding, 10-ms temporal window to obtain the ASSR amplitude as a function of time. The results revealed a decrease in the ASSR amplitude at the time of click emission, followed by a 25-70 ms recovery. C1 [Finneran, James J.] US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Mulsow, Jason; Houser, Dorian S.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, Code 71510,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM james.finneran@navy.mil OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 FU SSC Pacific Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE) program FX The authors wish to thank Gavin Goya, Anal Brewer, and Megan Tormey for dolphin training and handling during the experimental sessions; Nancy Borror and Jen Frey for assistance with the data collection; Randall Dear and Jim Powell for logistic support; and Patrick Moore and Brian Branstetter for helpful discussions on the experimental approach and data The study followed a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Biosciences Division, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SSC) Pacific and the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, and followed all applicable U.S. Department of Defense guidelines. Financial support was provided by the SSC Pacific Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE) program. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 134 IS 5 BP 3913 EP 3917 DI 10.1121/1.4823842 PN 1 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 247SO UT WOS:000326640800069 PM 24180800 ER PT J AU D'Ammando, F Orienti, M Finke, J Raiteri, CM Angelakis, E Fuhrmann, L Giroletti, M Hovatta, T Karamanavis, V Max-Moerbeck, W Myserlis, I Readhead, ACS Richards, JL AF D'Ammando, F. Orienti, M. Finke, J. Raiteri, C. M. Angelakis, E. Fuhrmann, L. Giroletti, M. Hovatta, T. Karamanavis, V. Max-Moerbeck, W. Myserlis, I. Readhead, A. C. S. Richards, J. L. TI Multifrequency studies of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy SBS 0846+513 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual: SBS 0846+513; galaxies: nuclei; galaxies: Seyfert; gamma-rays: general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; INVERSE-COMPTON CATASTROPHE; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; FLUX-DENSITY VARIATIONS; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GAMMA-RAY; PKS 1510-089; LORENTZ FACTORS AB The narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy SBS 0846+513 was first detected by the Large Area Telescope on board Fermi in 2011 June-July when it underwent a period of flaring activity. Since then, as Fermi continues to accumulate data on this source, its flux has been monitored on a daily basis. Two further gamma-ray flaring episodes from SBS 0846+513 were observed in 2012 May and August, reaching a daily peak flux integrated above 100 MeV of (50 +/- 12) x 10(-8) ph cm(-2) s(-1), and (73 +/- 14) x 10(-8) ph cm(-2) s(-1) on May 24 and August 7, respectively. Three outbursts were detected at 15 GHz by the Owens Valley Radio Observatory 40 m telescope in 2012 May, 2012 October and 2013 January, suggesting a complex connection with the gamma-ray activity. The most likely scenario suggests that the 2012 May gamma-ray flare may not be directly related to the radio activity observed over the same period, while the two gamma-ray flaring episodes may be related to the radio activity observed at 15 GHz in 2012 October and 2013 January. The gamma-ray flare in 2012 May triggered Swift observations that confirmed that SBS 0846+513 was also exhibiting high activity in the optical, UV and X-ray bands, thus providing a firm identification between the gamma-ray source and the lower energy counterpart. We compared the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the flaring state in 2012 May with that of a quiescent state. The two SEDs, modelled as an external Compton component of seed photons from a dust torus, could be fitted by changing the electron distribution parameters as well as the magnetic field. No significant evidence of thermal emission from the accretion disc has been observed. Interestingly, in the 5 GHz radio luminosity versus synchrotron peak frequency plot SBS 0846+513 seems to lie in the flat spectrum radio quasar part of the so-called 'blazar sequence'. C1 [D'Ammando, F.; Orienti, M.; Giroletti, M.] Inst Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Orienti, M.] Univ Bologna, Dipartmento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Finke, J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Raiteri, C. M.] Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy. [Angelakis, E.; Fuhrmann, L.; Karamanavis, V.; Myserlis, I.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Hovatta, T.; Max-Moerbeck, W.; Readhead, A. C. S.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Richards, J. L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP D'Ammando, F (reprint author), Inst Radioastron, INAF, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM dammando@ira.inaf.it OI Raiteri, Claudia Maria/0000-0003-1784-2784; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Karamanavis, Vassilis/0000-0003-3133-2617; Angelakis, Emmanouil/0000-0001-7327-5441 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; NASA [NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G]; NSF [AST-0808050, AST-1109911]; International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of Bonn and Cologne; [PRIN-INAF-2011] FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.; We thank the Swift team for making these observations possible, the duty scientists and science planners. The OVRO 40 m monitoring programme is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G and NNX11A043G, and NSF grants AST-0808050 and AST-1109911. This paper is partly based on observations with the 100 m telescope of the Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie (MPIfR) at Effelsberg and the Medicina telescope operated by INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia. We acknowledge A. Orlati, S. Righini and the Enhanced Single-dish Control System (ESCS) Development Team. FD, MO, MG, CR acknowledge financial contribution from grant PRIN-INAF-2011. This research has made use of data from the MOJAVE data base that is maintained by the MOJAVE team (Lister et al. 2009). IM and VK were supported for this research through a stipend from the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of Bonn and Cologne. We thank D. Horan, P. Bruel and S. Digel for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 436 IS 1 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt1560 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 245BY UT WOS:000326435100037 ER PT J AU Caliandro, GA Hill, AB Torres, DF Hadasch, D Ray, P Abdo, A Hessels, JWT Ridolfi, A Possenti, A Burgay, M Rea, N Tam, PHT Dubois, R Dubus, G Glanzman, T Jogler, T AF Caliandro, G. A. Hill, A. B. Torres, D. F. Hadasch, D. Ray, P. Abdo, A. Hessels, J. W. T. Ridolfi, A. Possenti, A. Burgay, M. Rea, N. Tam, P. H. T. Dubois, R. Dubus, G. Glanzman, T. Jogler, T. TI The missing GeV gamma-ray binary: searching for HESS J0632+057 with Fermi-LAT SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gamma-rays: general; X-rays: binaries ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; PSR B1259-63/LS 2883; LS I+61-DEGREES-303; TEV BINARY; 1FGL J1018.6-5856; BLACK-HOLE; CYGNUS X-1; EMISSION AB The very high energy (VHE; >100 GeV) source HESS J0632+057 has been recently confirmed as a gamma-ray binary, a subclass of the high-mass X-ray binary population, through the detection of an orbital period of 321 d. We performed a deep search for the emission of HESS J0632+057 in the GeV energy range using data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). The analysis was challenging due to the source being located in close proximity to the bright gamma-ray pulsar PSR J0633+0632 and lying in a crowded region of the Galactic plane where there is prominent diffuse emission. We formulated a Bayesian block algorithm adapted to work with weighted photon counts, in order to define the off-pulse phases of PSR J0633+0632. A detailed spectral-spatial model of a 5 degrees circular region centred on the known location of HESS J0632+057 was generated to accurately model the LAT data. No significant emission from the location of HESS J0632+057 was detected in the 0.1-100 GeV energy range integrating over similar to 3.5 yr of data, with a 95 per cent flux upper limit of F0.1-100 GeV < 3 x 10(-8) ph cm(-2) s(-1). A search for emission over different phases of the orbit also yielded no significant detection. A search for source emission on shorter time-scales (days-months) did not yield any significant detections. We also report the results of a search for radio pulsations using the 100-m Green Bank Telescope. No periodic signals or individual dispersed bursts of a likely astronomical origin were detected. We estimated the flux density limit of <90/40 mu Jy at 2/9 GHz. The LAT flux upper limits combined with the detection of HESS J0632+057 in the 136-400 TeV energy band by the MAGIC collaboration imply that the VHE spectrum must turn over at energies < 136 GeV placing constraints on any theoretical models invoked to explain the gamma-ray emission. C1 [Caliandro, G. A.; Torres, D. F.; Hadasch, D.; Rea, N.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Hill, A. B.; Dubois, R.; Glanzman, T.; Jogler, T.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hill, A. B.; Dubois, R.; Glanzman, T.; Jogler, T.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hill, A. B.] Univ Southampton, Fac Phys & Appl Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. [Ray, P.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abdo, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Hessels, J. W. T.] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Hessels, J. W. T.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ridolfi, A.; Possenti, A.; Burgay, M.] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Cagliari, I-09012 Capoterra, CA, Italy. [Tam, P. H. T.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Astron, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Tam, P. H. T.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Dubus, G.] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, INSU, IPAG,UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France. RP Caliandro, GA (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC, Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. EM andrea.caliandro@ieec.uab.es; A.Hill@soton.ac.uk RI Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Burgay, Marta/0000-0002-8265-4344 FU Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme [275861]; 7th European Community Framework Programme [ERC-StG-200911]; National Science Council of the Republic of China (Taiwan) [NSC101-2112-M-007-022-MY3]; National Science Council in Taiwan [NSC100-2923-M-007-001-MY3]; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas in Spain [NSC100-2923-M-007-001-MY3]; [YA2009-07391]; [AYA2012-39303]; [SGR2009-811]; [TW2010005]; [iLINK2011-0303] FX Work is done in the framework of the grants AYA2009-07391, AYA2012-39303, as well as SGR2009-811, TW2010005 and iLINK2011-0303.; A. B. Hill is supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 275861.; G. Dubus is supported by the 7th European Community Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. ERC-StG-200911.; P. H. T. Tam is supported by the National Science Council of the Republic of China (Taiwan) through grant NSC101-2112-M-007-022-MY3.; This work is also supported by the Formosa Program between National Science Council in Taiwan and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas in Spain administered through grant number NSC100-2923-M-007-001-MY3. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 436 IS 1 BP 740 EP 749 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt1615 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 245BY UT WOS:000326435100082 ER PT J AU Yuan, Z Kumar, A Chen, CY Nainani, A Bennett, BR Boos, JB Saraswat, KC AF Yuan, Ze Kumar, Archana Chen, Chien-Yu Nainani, Aneesh Bennett, Brian R. Boos, John Brad Saraswat, Krishna C. TI Antimonide-Based Heterostructure p-Channel MOSFETs With Ni-Alloy Source/Drain SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antimonide semiconductors; metal source/drain (S/D); Ni-GaSb; p-channel MOSFET ID TRANSISTORS; AL2O3 AB In this letter, we study the formation and electrical properties of Ni-GaSb alloys by direct reaction of Ni with GaSb. It is found that several properties of Ni-antimonide alloys, including low thermal budget processing (300 degrees C), low Schottky barrier height for holes (similar to 0.1 eV), low sheet resistance of Ni-InGaSb (53 Omega/square), and low specific contact resistivity (7.6 x 10)(-7) Omega cm(2)), show good progress toward antimonide-based metal source/drain (S/D) p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Devices with a self-aligned metal S/D were demonstrated, in which heterostructure design is adopted to further improve the performance, e. g., ON/OFF ratio (>10(4)), subthreshold swing (140 mV/decade), and high effective-field hole mobility of similar to 510 cm(2)/Vs at sheet charge density of 2x10(12) cm(-2). C1 [Yuan, Ze; Kumar, Archana; Chen, Chien-Yu; Saraswat, Krishna C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Integrated Syst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nainani, Aneesh] Appl Mat Inc, Silicon Syst Grp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Bennett, Brian R.; Boos, John Brad] Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yuan, Z (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Integrated Syst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zeyuan@stanford.edu RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1367 EP 1369 DI 10.1109/LED.2013.2280615 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 242YY UT WOS:000326284100005 ER PT J AU Anderson, TJ Koehler, AD Hobart, KD Tadjer, MJ Feygelson, TI Hite, JK Pate, BB Kub, FJ Eddy, CR AF Anderson, Travis J. Koehler, Andrew D. Hobart, Karl D. Tadjer, Marko J. Feygelson, Tatyana I. Hite, Jennifer K. Pate, Bradford B. Kub, Francis J. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. TI Nanocrystalline Diamond-Gated AlGaN/GaN HEMT SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Gallium nitride (GaN); high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT); nanocrystalline diamond AB Boron-doped p(+) nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films are implemented as heat spreading gate contacts to AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors. This device demonstrates a reduced ON-resistance, reduced gate leakage, and significantly increased ON-state current density compared with the reference Ni/Au-gated devices from the same wafer. The NCD gate electrode is thermally stable, chemically stable, optically transparent, and places a heat spreading film in direct contact with the gate edge, which is the hottest part of the device. C1 [Anderson, Travis J.; Koehler, Andrew D.; Hobart, Karl D.; Tadjer, Marko J.; Feygelson, Tatyana I.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Pate, Bradford B.; Kub, Francis J.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, TJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM travis.anderson@nrl.navy.mil RI Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947; Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Office of Naval Research FX The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor J. A. del Alamo. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 43 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1382 EP 1384 DI 10.1109/LED.2013.2282968 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 242YY UT WOS:000326284100010 ER PT J AU Kotora, JG Henao, J Littlejohn, LF Kircher, S AF Kotora, Joseph G., Jr. Henao, Jose Littlejohn, Lanny F. Kircher, Sara TI VENTED CHEST SEALS FOR PREVENTION OF TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX IN A COMMUNICATING PNEUMOTHORAX SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chest seals; pneumothorax; thoracic trauma; combat; tactical ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; NEEDLE THORACOSTOMY; INJURIES; FREEDOM; CARE AB Background: Tension pneumothorax accounts for 3%-4% of combat casualties and 10% of civilian chest trauma. Air entering a wound via a communicating pneumothorax rather than by the trachea can result in respiratory arrest and death. In such cases, the Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care advocates the use of unvented chest seals to prevent respiratory compromise. Objective: A comparison of three commercially available vented chest seals was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of tension pneumothorax prevention after seal application. Methods: A surgical thoracostomy was created and sealed by placing a shortened 10-mL syringe barrel (with plunger in place) into the wound. Tension pneumothorax was achieved via air introduction through a Cordis to a maximum volume of 50 mL/kg. A 20% drop in mean arterial pressure or a 20% increase in heart rate confirmed hemodynamic compromise. After evacuation, one of three vented chest seals (HyFin (R), n = 8; Sentinen (R), n = 8, SAM (R), n = 8) was applied. Air was injected to a maximum of 50 mL/kg twice, followed by a 10% autologous blood infusion, and finally, a third 50 mL/kg air bolus. Survivors completed all three interventions, and a 15-min recovery period. Results: The introduction of 29.0 (+/- 11.5) mL/kg of air resulted in tension physiology. All three seals effectively evacuated air and blood. Hemodynamic compromise failed to develop with a chest seal in place. Conclusions: HyFin (R), SAM (R), and Sentinel (R) vented chest seals are equally effective in evacuating blood and air in a communicating pneumothorax model. All three prevented tension pneumothorax formation after penetrating thoracic trauma. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kotora, Joseph G., Jr.; Henao, Jose; Littlejohn, Lanny F.; Kircher, Sara] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Kotora, JG (reprint author), 1 Harmony Lane, Hackettstown, NJ 07840 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 EI 1090-1280 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 45 IS 5 BP 686 EP 694 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.013.05.011 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 242VP UT WOS:000326272300021 PM 23921173 ER PT J AU Vieira, H Sanchez, SM Kienitz, KH Belderrain, MCN AF Vieira, H., Jr. Sanchez, S. M. Kienitz, K. H. Belderrain, M. C. N. TI Efficient, nearly orthogonal-and-balanced, mixed designs: an effective way to conduct trade-off analyses via simulation SO JOURNAL OF SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE simulation; design of experiments; integer programming; statistics; defense studies ID SMALL RUNS; ARRAYS AB Designed experiments are powerful methodologies for gaining insights into the behaviour of complex simulation models. In recent years, many new designs have been created to address the large number of factors and complex response surfaces that often arise in simulation studies, but handling discrete-valued or qualitative factors remains problematic. We propose a framework for generating a design, of specified size, that is nearly orthogonal and nearly balanced for any mix of factor types (categorical, numerical discrete, and numerical continuous) and mix of factor levels. These new designs allow decision makers structured methods for trade-off analyses in situations that are not necessarily amenable to other methods for choosing alternatives, such as simulation optimization or ranking and selection approaches. These new designs also compare well to existing approaches for constructing custom designs for smaller experiments, and may also be of interest for exploring computer models in domains where fewer factors are involved. C1 [Vieira, H., Jr.; Kienitz, K. H.; Belderrain, M. C. N.] Technol Inst Aeronaut, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Sanchez, S. M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sanchez, SM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ssanchez@nps.edu RI Vieira Junior, Helcio/K-2216-2016 FU Office of Naval Research; U.S. Army Survivability and Lethality Analysis Directorate; DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Navy DSRC at the Stennis Space Center FX This work was supported in part by grants from the Office of Naval Research and the U.S. Army Survivability and Lethality Analysis Directorate, and a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Navy DSRC at the Stennis Space Center. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1747-7778 EI 1747-7786 J9 J SIMUL JI J. Simul. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 7 IS 4 SI SI BP 264 EP 275 DI 10.1057/jos.2013.14 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 247II UT WOS:000326610700005 ER PT J AU Hendricks, EA Peng, MS Li, T AF Hendricks, Eric A. Peng, Melinda S. Li, Tim TI Evaluation of Multiple Dynamic Initialization Schemes for Tropical Cyclone Prediction SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Mesoscale models; Model initialization; Nonhydrostatic models; Numerical analysis; modeling; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; PRIMITIVE-EQUATION MODEL; RAINFALL RATES; HURRICANE PREDICTION; NUMERICAL-MODELS; BOGUS VORTEX; SYSTEM; WIND; MESOSCALE; SIMULATION AB Three different dynamic initialization schemes for tropical cyclone (TC) prediction in numerical prediction systems are described and evaluated. The first scheme involves the removal of the analyzed vortex, followed by the insertion of a dynamically initialized vortex into the model analyses. This scheme is referred to as the tropical cyclone dynamic initialization scheme (TCDI) because the TC component is nudged to the observed surface pressure in an independent three-dimensional primitive equation model prior to insertion. The second scheme is a 12-h relaxation to the analyses' horizontal momentum before the forecast integration begins, and is called the dynamic initialization (DI) scheme. The third scheme is a combination of the previous two schemes, and is called the two-stage dynamic initialization scheme (TCDI/DI). In the first stage, TCDI is implemented in order to improve the representation of the TC vortex. In the second stage, DI is invoked in order to improve the balance between the inserted TC vortex and its environment. All three dynamic initialization schemes are compared with a control (CNTL) scheme, which creates the initial vortex using synthetic TC observations that match the observed intensity and structure in a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system. The four schemes are tested on 120 cases in the North Atlantic and western North Pacific basins during 2010 and 2011 using the Naval Research Laboratory's TC prediction model: Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System-Tropical Cyclones (COAMPS-TC). It is demonstrated that TCDI/DI performed the best overall with regard to intensity forecasts, reducing the average minimum central pressure error for all lead times by 24.4% compared to the CNTL scheme. C1 [Hendricks, Eric A.; Peng, Melinda S.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Li, Tim] Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Hendricks, EA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM eric.hendricks@nrlmry.navy.mil FU NRL base program [PE 0601153N] FX EH and MP acknowledge the support of the Chief of Naval Research through the NRL base program, PE 0601153N. We thank Drs. Jim Doyle and Rich Hodur for helpful discussions. This manuscript was improved by the constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 141 IS 11 BP 4028 EP 4048 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00329.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240AB UT WOS:000326066000021 ER PT J AU Allafort, A Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Baring, MG Bastieri, D Bellazzini, R Bonamente, E Bottacini, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Cecchi, C Chaves, RCG Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R D'Ammando, F de Palma, F Digel, SW Di Venere, L Drell, PS Favuzzi, C Ferrara, EC Franckowiak, A Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Giglietto, N Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hayashi, K Hays, E Hewitt, J Hill, AB Horan, D Hou, X Jogler, T Johnson, AS Johnson, TJ Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lubrano, P Malyshev, D Marelli, M Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN Mehault, J Mizuno, T Monzani, ME Morselli, A Murgia, S Nemmen, R Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E Paneque, D Pesce-Rollins, M Pierbattista, M Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ray, PS Razzano, M Reimer, O Reposeur, T Romani, RW Sartori, A Parkinson, PMS Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Spinelli, P Strong, AW Takahashi, H Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Torres, DF Tosti, G Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Venter, C Vianello, G Vitale, V Winer, BL Wood, KS AF Allafort, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Baring, M. G. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Bonamente, E. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Cecchi, C. Chaves, R. C. G. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. D'Ammando, F. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Di Venere, L. Drell, P. S. Favuzzi, C. Ferrara, E. C. Franckowiak, A. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hayashi, K. Hays, E. Hewitt, J. Hill, A. B. Horan, D. Hou, X. Jogler, T. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lubrano, P. Malyshev, D. Marelli, M. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. Mehault, J. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Murgia, S. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Paneque, D. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ray, P. S. Razzano, M. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Romani, R. W. Sartori, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Spinelli, P. Strong, A. W. Takahashi, H. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Venter, C. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. TI PSR J2021+4026 IN THE GAMMA CYGNI REGION: THE FIRST VARIABLE gamma-RAY PULSAR SEEN BY THE Fermi LAT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: stars; pulsars: individual (PSR J2021+4026); stars: neutron ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; LIGHT CURVES; VELA PULSAR; X-RAY; SEARCH; VARIABILITY; MAGNETOSPHERE; DISCOVERY; ROTATION; SPECTRA AB Long-term monitoring of PSR J2021+4026 in the heart of the Cygnus region with the Fermi Large Area Telescope unveiled a sudden decrease in flux above 100 MeV over a timescale shorter than a week. The "jump" was near MJD 55850 (2011 October 16), with the flux decreasing from (8.33+/-0.08) x 10(-10) erg cm(-2) s(-1) to (6.86+/-0.13) x 10(-10) erg cm(-2) s(-1). Simultaneously, the frequency spindown rate increased from (7.8 +/- 0.1) x 10(-13) Hz s(-1) to (8.1 +/- 0.1) x 10(-13) Hz s(-1). Significant (>5 sigma) changes in the pulse profile and marginal (<3 sigma) changes in the emission spectrum occurred at the same time. There is also evidence for a small, steady flux increase over the 3 yr preceding MJD 55850. This is the first observation at gamma-ray energies of mode changes and intermittent behavior, observed at radio wavelengths for other pulsars. We argue that the change in pulsed gamma-ray emission is due to a change in emission beaming and we speculate that it is precipitated by a shift in the magnetic field structure, leading to a change of either effective magnetic inclination or effective current. C1 [Allafort, A.; Bottacini, E.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Di Venere, L.; Drell, P. S.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kerr, M.; Lande, J.; Malyshev, D.; Monzani, M. E.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Allafort, A.; Bottacini, E.; Cameron, R. A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; Di Venere, L.; Drell, P. S.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kerr, M.; Lande, J.; Malyshev, D.; Monzani, M. E.; Murgia, S.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, R. W.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Razzano, M.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Chaves, R. C. G.; Grenier, I. A.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA IRFU, Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Baring, M. G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Pivato, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Ferrara, E. C.; Guiriec, S.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Hewitt, J.; Nemmen, R.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bruel, P.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Caliandro, G. A.; Hadasch, D.; Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEE CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Caraveo, P. A.; Marelli, M.; Pierbattista, M.; Sartori, A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Chekhtman, A.; Johnson, T. J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Ciprini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Hayashida, M.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Hayashi, K.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Hill, A. B.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Hou, X.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Mehault, J.; Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Johnson, T. J.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Knoedlseder, J.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, GAHEC, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31100 Toulouse, France. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Ray, P. S.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Torres, D. F.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Vianello, G.] Consorzio Interuniv Fis Spaziale, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astro Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Allafort, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM massimiliano.razzano@pi.infn.it; ltibaldo@slac.stanford.edu RI Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Venter, Christo/E-6884-2011; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016 OI Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; FU NASA in the United States; DOE in the United States; CEA/Irfu in France; IN2P3/CNRS in France; ASI in Italy; INFN in Italy; MEXT in Japan; KEK in Japan; JAXA in Japan; K.A. Wallenberg Foundation in Sweden; Swedish Research Council in Sweden; National Space Board in Sweden; INAF in Italy; CNES in France FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 777 IS 1 AR L2 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/777/1/L2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 241SH UT WOS:000326187400002 ER PT J AU Tanaka, YT Cheung, CC Inoue, Y Stawarz, L Ajello, M Dermer, CD Wood, DL Chekhtman, A Fukazawa, Y Mizuno, T Ohno, M Paneque, D Thompson, DJ AF Tanaka, Y. T. Cheung, C. C. Inoue, Y. Stawarz, L. Ajello, M. Dermer, C. D. Wood, D. L. Chekhtman, A. Fukazawa, Y. Mizuno, T. Ohno, M. Paneque, D. Thompson, D. J. TI Fermi LARGE AREA TELESCOPE DETECTION OF TWO VERY-HIGH-ENERGY (E > 100 GeV) gamma-RAY PHOTONS FROM THE z=1.1 BLAZAR PKS 0426-380 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; quasars: individual (PKS 0426-380); radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; HOST GALAXIES; EMISSION; QUASAR; DISCOVERY; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE; CATALOG AB We report the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) detection of two very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray photons from the directional vicinity of the distant (redshift, z = 1.1) blazar PKS 0426-380. The null hypothesis that both the 134 and 122 GeV photons originate from unrelated sources can be rejected at the 5.5s confidence level. We therefore claim that at least one of the two VHE photons is securely associated with PKS 0426-380, making it the most distant VHE emitter known to date. The results are in agreement with recent Fermi-LAT constraints on the extragalactic background light (EBL) intensity, which imply a z similar or equal to 1 horizon for similar or equal to 100 GeV photons. The LAT detection of the two VHE gamma-rays coincided roughly with flaring states of the source, although we did not find an exact correspondence between the VHE photon arrival times and the flux maxima at lower gamma-ray energies. Modeling the gamma-ray continuum of PKS 0426-380 with daily bins revealed a significant spectral hardening around the time of the first VHE event detection (LAT photon index Gamma similar or equal to 1.4) but on the other hand no pronounced spectral changes near the detection time of the second one. This combination implies a rather complex variability pattern of the source in gamma-rays during the flaring epochs. An additional flat component is possibly present above several tens of GeV in the EBL-corrected Fermi-LAT spectrum accumulated over the similar to 8 month high state. C1 [Tanaka, Y. T.; Mizuno, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Inoue, Y.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Inoue, Y.; Paneque, D.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Stawarz, L.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Ajello, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wood, D. L.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Ohno, M.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tanaka, YT (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. EM ytanaka@hep01.hepl.hiroshima-u.ac.jp FU Kakenhi [24840031]; NASA [DPR S-15633-Y]; Polish NSC [DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083] FX We appreciate the referee's critical reading and valuable comments. Y.T.T. is supported by Kakenhi 24840031. Work by C. C. C. at NRL is supported in part by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. L. S. was supported by Polish NSC grant DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 777 IS 1 AR L18 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/777/1/L18 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 241SH UT WOS:000326187400018 ER PT J AU Lamy, P Faury, G Llebaria, A Knight, MM A'Hearn, MF Battams, K AF Lamy, P. Faury, G. Llebaria, A. Knight, M. M. A'Hearn, M. F. Battams, K. TI Sunskirting comets discovered with the LASCO coronagraphs over the decade 1996-2008 SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Comets; Photometry ID PHOTOMETRIC CALIBRATION; 96P/MACHHOLZ; ASSOCIATION; MARSDEN; SOLAR; SOHO AB In addition to an unprecedented number of Kreutz sungrazing comets, the LASCO coronagraphs have discovered some 238 unrelated "sunskirting" comets over the 12 years from 1996 to 2008. This new class is organized in several groups, and at least two comets have further been found periodic. This article presents the photometry and the heliocentric light curves of these 238 sunskirting comets. The bulk of them exhibit a continuous increase of the brightness as the comet approaches the Sun, reach a peak before perihelion and then progressively fade with a large variety of brightness gradients. However some of them have peak brightness either at or post-perihelion, whereas a quite large number are approximately flat. Likewise for the sungrazers, we find a color effect prominent between 8 and 40R(circle dot) (solar radii) which we interpret as resulting from the emission lines of the Na I doublet (D lines). We finally characterize the different groups of sunskirters on the basis of their cumulative distribution function of the peak brightness and of their fragmentation history. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lamy, P.; Faury, G.; Llebaria, A.] CNRS, UMR 7326, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Lamy, P.; Faury, G.; Llebaria, A.] Aix Marseille Univ, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Knight, M. M.; A'Hearn, M. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Battams, K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lamy, P (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 7326, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille, France. EM philippe.lamy@oamp.fr OI Knight, Matthew/0000-0003-2781-6897 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) FX The LASCO-C2 project at the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille is funded by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). LASCO was built by a consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory, USA, the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (formerly Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale), France, the Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung (formerly Max Planck Institute fur Aeronomie), Germany, and the School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, UK. SOHO is a project of joint collaboration by NASA and ESA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 226 IS 2 BP 1350 EP 1398 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.035 PG 49 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 239DX UT WOS:000326003900014 ER PT J AU Connelly, BC Metcalfe, GD Shen, HE Wraback, M Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Melinger, JS Affouda, CA Jackson, EM Nolde, JA Meyer, JR Aifer, EH AF Connelly, Blair C. Metcalfe, Grace D. Shen, Hongen Wraback, Michael Canedy, Chadwick L. Vurgaftman, Igor Melinger, Joseph S. Affouda, Chaffra A. Jackson, Eric M. Nolde, Jill A. Meyer, Jerry R. Aifer, Edward H. TI Investigation of Trap States in Mid-Wavelength Infrared Type II Superlattices Using Time-Resolved Photoluminescence SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Type II superlattice; minority-carrier lifetime; time-resolved photoluminescence; Shockley-Read-Hall; trap saturation; infrared AB Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy is used to study the minority-carrier lifetime in mid-wavelength infrared, n-type, InAs/Ga1-x In (x) Sb type II superlattices (T2SLs) and investigate the recombination mechanisms and trap states that currently limit their performance. Observation of multiple exponential decays in the intensity-dependent TRPL data indicates trap saturation due to the filling then emptying of trap states and different Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) lifetimes for minority and majority carriers, with tau (maj) (tau (n0)) a parts per thousand << tau (min) (tau (p0)). Simulation of the photoluminescence transient captures the qualitative behavior of the TRPL data as a function of temperature and excess carrier density. A trap state native to Ga1-x In (x) Sb is identified from the low-injection temperature-dependent TRPL data and found to be located below the intrinsic Fermi level of the superlattice, approximately 60 +/- A 15 meV above the valence-band maximum. Low-temperature TRPL data show a variation of the minority-carrier SRH lifetime, tau (p0), over a set of InAs/Ga1-x In (x) Sb T2SLs, where tau (p0) increases as x is varied from 0.04 to 0.065 and the relative layer thickness of Ga1-x In (x) Sb is increased by 31%. C1 [Connelly, Blair C.; Metcalfe, Grace D.; Shen, Hongen; Wraback, Michael] US Army Res Lab, RDRL SEE M, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Canedy, Chadwick L.; Vurgaftman, Igor; Melinger, Joseph S.; Affouda, Chaffra A.; Jackson, Eric M.; Nolde, Jill A.; Meyer, Jerry R.; Aifer, Edward H.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Connelly, BC (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, RDRL SEE M, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM blair.connelly.ctr@mail.mil FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX B.C.C. would like to acknowledge research supported in part by an appointment to the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program administered by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a cooperative agreement. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 42 IS 11 BP 3203 EP 3210 DI 10.1007/s11664-013-2759-9 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 239SW UT WOS:000326046800031 ER EF