FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Park, JK Fischer, MC Susumu, K Therien, MJ Warren, WS AF Park, Jong Kang Fischer, Martin C. Susumu, Kimihiro Therien, Michael J. Warren, Warren S. TI Femtosecond pulse train shaping improves two-photon excited fluorescence measurements SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; ABSORPTION; ENHANCEMENT; MICROSCOPY; PORPHYRINS; MODULATION; DESIGN; NM AB Measurements of two-photon absorption (TPA) cross sections are greatly confounded by even very weak linear absorption, for example from hot bands. In this case, the experimental power dependence of fluorescence from amplified and mode-locked laser systems can differ drastically, even if the peak intensity is adjusted to be the same in both cases. A simple pulse train shaping method suppresses linear contributions and extracts the nonlinear absorption cross section, demonstrated here for a meso-to-meso ethyne-bridged bis[(porphinato)zinc(II)] fluorophore (DD) at 800 nm. This approach permits reliable TPA cross-section measurement, even with standard modelocked lasers under conditions identical to that used for multiphoton microscopy. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Park, Jong Kang; Fischer, Martin C.; Therien, Michael J.; Warren, Warren S.] Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro] US Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Warren, Warren S.] Duke Univ, Dept Radiol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Warren, Warren S.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Warren, Warren S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Warren, WS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM warren.warren@duke.edu FU NIH grant [R01 CA166555]; NSF grant [CHE-1309017]; Department of Defense [W81XWH-13-1-0086]; Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics at Duke University; NSEC program of the National Science Foundation [DMR-0425780] FX WSW acknowledges NIH grant R01 CA166555 for financial support. MCF acknowledges NSF grant CHE-1309017. MJT acknowledges the Department of Defense (W81XWH-13-1-0086) for financial support, and infrastructural support provided by the NSEC (DMR-0425780) program of the National Science Foundation. JKP wishes to thank the Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics at Duke University for fellowship support. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 19 BP 5606 EP 5609 DI 10.1364/OL.39.005606 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AR9PH UT WOS:000343906400035 PM 25360939 ER PT J AU Radin, JM Hawksworth, AW Blair, PJ Faix, DJ Raman, R Russell, KL Gray, GC AF Radin, Jennifer M. Hawksworth, Anthony W. Blair, Patrick J. Faix, Dennis J. Raman, Rema Russell, Kevin L. Gray, Gregory C. TI Dramatic Decline of Respiratory Illness Among US Military Recruits After the Renewed Use of Adenovirus Vaccines SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; febrile respiratory illness; military; surveillance; vaccine ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; TRAINING FACILITY; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; TYPE-4; TRAINEES; REEMERGENCE; VACCINATION; INFECTIONS; CAMP AB Background. In late 2011, after a 12-year hiatus, oral vaccines against adenovirus types 4 (Ad4) and 7 (Ad7) were again produced and administered to US military recruits. This study examined the impact of the new adenovirus vaccines on febrile respiratory illness (FRI) and adenovirus rates and investigated if new serotypes emerged. FRI rates and their associated hospitalizations had markedly risen since vaccine production ceased in 1999. Methods. From 1996 to 2013, the Naval Health Research Center conducted FRI surveillance at 8 military recruit training centers in the United States. During this period, 58 103 FRI pharyngeal swab specimens were studied, yielding 37 048 adenovirus-positive cases, among which 64% were typed. Results. During the 2 years after reintroduction of the vaccines, military trainees experienced a 100-fold decline in adenovirus disease burden (from 5.8 to 0.02 cases per 1000 person-weeks, P < .0001), without evidence that vaccine pressure had increased the impact of adenovirus types other than Ad4 and Ad7. Although the percentage of type 14 increased following reintroduction of the vaccination, the actual number of cases decreased. We estimate that the vaccines prevent approximately 1 death, 1100-2700 hospitalizations, and 13 000 febrile adenovirus cases each year among the trainees. Conclusions. These data strongly support the continued production and use of Ad4 and Ad7 vaccines in controlling FRI among US military trainees. Continued surveillance for emerging adenovirus subtypes is warranted. C1 [Radin, Jennifer M.; Hawksworth, Anthony W.; Blair, Patrick J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Operat Infect Dis Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Radin, Jennifer M.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego State Univ, Joint Doctoral Program Publ Hlth Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Faix, Dennis J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Raman, Rema] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Russell, Kevin L.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Gainesville, FL USA. [Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Radin, JM (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM jennifer.radin@med.navy.mil FU Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System under Work Unit [60805] FX This work was supported by the Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System under Work Unit No. 60805. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 59 IS 7 BP 962 EP 968 DI 10.1093/cid/ciu507 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA AR2JY UT WOS:000343411900009 PM 24991024 ER PT J AU Hassanzadeh, A Stoleru, R Polychronakis, M Xie, G AF Hassanzadeh, Amin Stoleru, Radu Polychronakis, Michalis Xie, Geoffrey TI RAPID: Traffic-agnostic intrusion detection for resource-constrained wireless mesh networks SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Resource-constrained wireless mesh networks; Intrusion detection; Traffic-agnostic; Link-coverage monitoring; Genetic algorithm; Multi-interface Snort ID AD HOC NETWORKS; ARCHITECTURE AB Due to the recent increased interest in wireless mesh networks (WMN), their security challenges have become of paramount importance. An important security mechanism for WMN, intrusion detection, has received considerable attention from the research community. Recent results show that traditional monitoring mechanisms are not applicable to real-world WMN due to their constrained resources (memory and processing power), which result in high false negative rates since only a few IDS functions can be activated on monitoring nodes. Cooperative solutions, on the other hand, have high communication overhead and detection delay when the traffic load is high. A practical traffic-aware IDS solution was recently proposed for resource-constrained WMN, however, traffic-awareness might not be feasible for some WMN applications. This article proposes a traffic-agnostic IDS solution that uses a link-coverage approach to monitor both local and backbone WMN traffic. Using real-world experiments and extensive simulations, we show that our proposed IDS solutions outperform traffic-aware IDS solutions while incurring lower computation and communication overhead. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hassanzadeh, Amin; Stoleru, Radu] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Polychronakis, Michalis] Columbia Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Xie, Geoffrey] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA USA. RP Stoleru, R (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hassanzadeh@cse.tamu.edu; stoleru@cse.tamu.edu; mikepo@cs.columbia.edu; xie@nps.edu FU NABSSUP Fleet Logistics Center San Diego [N00244-12-1-0036]; NSF [1127449, 1145858, 0923203] FX This work was funded in part by NABSSUP Fleet Logistics Center San Diego grant #N00244-12-1-0036 and NSF grants #1127449, #1145858, and #0923203. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 EI 1872-6208 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 46 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.cose.2014.07.002 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA AR1XG UT WOS:000343377300001 ER PT J AU Loegel, TN Morris, RE Myers, KM Katilie, CJ AF Loegel, Thomas N. Morris, Robert E. Myers, Kristina M. Katilie, Chistopher J. TI Analysis of Phenolic Antioxidants in Navy Mobility Fuels by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB This study was undertaken to address the need for an improved analytical method to detect and quantify hindered phenolic antioxidant additives in Navy mobility fuels that overcomes the limitations of currently available methods. It was demonstrated that hindered phenols in fuels can be accurately quantified using capillary gas chromatographymass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring (GCMS/SIM) of mass fragments unique to each analyte. Using this approach, three methods were developed for the analysis of antioxidants in fuels: (1) a single-column GCMS/SIM method that, because of co-elution of fuel constituents, is only suitable for quantifying tri-tert-butylphenol, (2) a two-column heart-cutting method that overcomes the problem of co-eluting fuel components but requires modification of the instrument, and (3) a GCMS/MS method that does not require modification of the instrument. The heart-cutting method was developed as a practical method for the routine determination of each of the five hindered phenolic antioxidants in any type of fuel, with a method quantitation limit (MQL) of 0.5 mg/L, with minimal interference from fuel. The GCMS/MS method provides a lower MQL of 0.05 mg/L. Both methods offer a significant advantage over traditional high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLCECD) methods, which are more labor-intensive and not capable of separating each of the individual phenolic antioxidants. C1 [Loegel, Thomas N.; Morris, Robert E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Myers, Kristina M.; Katilie, Chistopher J.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Loegel, TN (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM thomas.loegel@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Fuels and Lubricants Crossfunctional Team, through the Naval Air Systems Command [Air-4.4.5] FX This work was funded by the Naval Fuels and Lubricants Crossfunctional Team, through the Naval Air Systems Command, Air-4.4.5. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD OCT PY 2014 VL 28 IS 10 BP 6267 EP 6274 DI 10.1021/ef5013984 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AR1HJ UT WOS:000343336000010 ER PT J AU Cai, X Sushkov, AB Suess, RJ Jadidi, MM Jenkins, GS Nyakiti, LO Myers-Ward, RL Li, S Yan, J Gaskill, DK Murphy, TE Drew, HD Fuhrer, MS AF Cai, Xinghan Sushkov, Andrei B. Suess, Ryan J. Jadidi, Mohammad M. Jenkins, Gregory S. Nyakiti, Luke O. Myers-Ward, Rachael L. Li, Shanshan Yan, Jun Gaskill, D. Kurt Murphy, Thomas E. Drew, H. Dennis Fuhrer, Michael S. TI Sensitive room-temperature terahertz detection via the photothermoelectric effect in graphene SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; RADIATION; TRANSPORT AB Terahertz radiation has uses in applications ranging from security to medicine(1). However, sensitive room-temperature detection of terahertz radiation is notoriously difficult(2). The hot-electron photothermoelectric effect in graphene is a promising detection mechanism; photoexcited carriers rapidly thermalize due to strong electron-electron interactions(3,4), but lose energy to the lattice more slowly(3,5). The electron temperature gradient drives electron diffusion, and asymmetry due to local gating(6,7) or dissimilar contact metals(8) produces a net current via the thermoelectric effect. Here, we demonstrate a graphene thermoelectric terahertz photodetector with sensitivity exceeding 10 V W-1 (700 V W-1) at room temperature and noise-equivalent power less than 1,100 pW Hz(-1/2) (20 pW Hz(-1/2)), referenced to the incident (absorbed) power. This implies a performance that is competitive with the best room-temperature terahertz detectors(9) for an optimally coupled device, and time-resolved measurements indicate that our graphene detector is eight to nine orders of magnitude faster than those(7,10). A simple model of the response, including contact asymmetries (resistance, work function and Fermi-energy pinning) reproduces the qualitative features of the data, and indicates that orders-of-magnitude sensitivity improvements are possible. C1 [Cai, Xinghan; Sushkov, Andrei B.; Jenkins, Gregory S.; Drew, H. Dennis; Fuhrer, Michael S.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Suess, Ryan J.; Jadidi, Mohammad M.; Li, Shanshan; Murphy, Thomas E.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nyakiti, Luke O.] Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Gaskill, D. Kurt] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yan, Jun] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Fuhrer, Michael S.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Fuhrer, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM michael.fuhrer@monash.edu RI Murphy, Thomas/H-2199-2011; Fuhrer, Michael/E-7634-2010 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-8286-3832; Fuhrer, Michael/0000-0001-6183-2773 FU US Office of Naval Research [N000140911064, N000141310712, N000141310865]; National Science Foundation [ECCS 1309750]; Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity; Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship FX This work was sponsored by the US Office of Naval Research (awards nos. N000140911064, N000141310712 and N000141310865), the National Science Foundation (ECCS 1309750) and Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity. M.S.F. was supported in part by an Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship. The authors thank V. D. Wheeler and C. Eddy, Jr, for discussions. NR 33 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 19 U2 175 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 EI 1748-3395 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 BP 814 EP 819 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2014.182 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AR5IA UT WOS:000343617200021 PM 25194945 ER PT J AU Demirel, YK Khorasanchi, M Turan, O Incecik, A Schultz, MP AF Demirel, Yigit Kemal Khorasanchi, Mahdi Turan, Osman Incecik, Atilla Schultz, Michael P. TI A CFD model for the frictional resistance prediction of antifouling coatings SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Antifouling coatings; Frictional resistance; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Hull roughness ID SKIN FRICTION; DRAG; ROUGHNESS; SHIPS AB The fuel consumption of a ship is strongly influenced by her frictional resistance, which is directly affected by the roughness of the hull's surface. Increased hull roughness leads to increased frictional resistance, causing higher fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. It would therefore be very beneficial to be able to accurately predict the effects of roughness on resistance. This paper proposes a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model which enables the prediction of the effect of antifouling coatings on frictional resistance. It also outlines details of CFD simulations of resistance tests on coated plates in a towing tank. Initially, roughness functions and roughness Reynolds numbers for several antifouling coatings were evaluated using an indirect method. Following this, the most suitable roughness function model for the coatings was employed in the wall-function of the CFD software. CFD simulations of towing tests were then performed and the results were validated against the experimental data given in the literature. Finally, the effects of antifouling coatings on the frictional resistance of a tanker were predicted using the validated CFD model. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Demirel, Yigit Kemal; Khorasanchi, Mahdi; Turan, Osman; Incecik, Atilla] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Naval Architecture Ocean & Marine Engn, Glasgow G4 0LZ, Lanark, Scotland. [Schultz, Michael P.] US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Demirel, YK (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Naval Architecture Ocean & Marine Engn, 100 Montrose St, Glasgow G4 0LZ, Lanark, Scotland. EM yigit.demirel@strath.ac.uk RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008; OI Khorasanchi, Mahdi/0000-0002-8626-3164; Demirel, Yigit Kemal/0000-0001-6739-4911 FU EU [285552, FP7-SST-2011-RTD-1]; EPSRC [EP/K000586/1] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge that the research presented in this paper was partially generated as part of the EU funded FP7 project FOUL-X-SPEL (Environmentally Friendly Antifouling Technology to Optimise the Energy Efficiency of Ships, Project no. 285552, FP7-SST-2011-RTD-1).; It should be noted that the results were obtained using the EPSRC funded ARCHIE-WeSt High Performance Computer (www.archie-west.ac.uk). EPSRC Grant no. EP/K000586/1. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 89 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.07.017 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AR6JN UT WOS:000343690000003 ER PT J AU Sanghera, J Taira, T Kong, HJ AF Sanghera, Jas Taira, Takunori Kong, Hong Jin TI Feature issue introduction: optical ceramics SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB This feature offers 11 papers in the field of Optical Ceramics, and encompasses advances in optics, materials science, condensed matter, as well as physics and chemistry relevant to the development of new optical materials. Topics covered include material technologies in the field of polycrystalline ceramics and single crystals in the form of bulk and microstructured materials along with methods to fabricate the materials and a description of their optical properties pertinent for many applications. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Sanghera, Jas] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Taira, Takunori] Laser Res Ctr Mol Sci, Inst Mol Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. [Kong, Hong Jin] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Sanghera, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sanghera@nrl.navy.mil RI Taira, Takunori/H-5313-2012; Kong, Hong Jin/C-1880-2011 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 4 IS 10 BP 2221 EP 2224 DI 10.1364/OME.4.00 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA AR2HW UT WOS:000343405600027 ER PT J AU Creutzig, F Hedahl, M Rydge, J Szulecki, K AF Creutzig, Felix Hedahl, Marcus Rydge, James Szulecki, Kacper TI Challenging the European Climate Debate: Can Universal Climate Justice and Economics be Reconciled with Particularistic Politics? SO GLOBAL POLICY LA English DT Article AB Researchers from various disciplines have built impressive but distinct compendia on climate change; the defining challenge for humanity. In the spirit of Lord Dahrendorf, this paper represents the output of interdisciplinary collaboration and integrates state-of-the-art academic expertise from the fields of philosophy, economics and governance. Our focus is on Europe, which is widely perceived as a leader in climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, leadership weakness on climate over recent years, largely due to recession and political vacillation, is eroding this perception. What is needed is a firm justification for strong climate action, acknowledgement of the available tools, awareness of the reasons for our failures to date, and a realistic, but goal-oriented strategy for an integrated climate policy. We therefore present current normative insights from climate justice research highlighting the need to make institutions responsive to those most vulnerable; we discuss the economics of the transition to a low-carbon economy, pointing to key policy instruments and post-2020 climate targets for the EU; we contrast the normative and quantitative synoptic principles with the particularistic implementation schemes and politics of (not) implementing measures on the ground; and we suggest a careful coordination of European climate policies with acute challenges that could increase both climate justice and political feasibility. C1 [Creutzig, Felix] Mercator Res Inst Global Commons & Climate Change, Berlin, Germany. [Hedahl, Marcus] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Rydge, James] Global Green Growth Inst, Seoul, South Korea. [Szulecki, Kacper] Univ Oslo, Dept Polit Sci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Creutzig, F (reprint author), Mercator Res Inst Global Commons & Climate Change, Berlin, Germany. RI Szulecki, Kacper/H-1237-2013 OI Szulecki, Kacper/0000-0002-1835-3758 NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1758-5880 EI 1758-5899 J9 GLOB POLICY JI Glob. Policy PD OCT PY 2014 VL 5 SU 1 SI SI BP 6 EP 14 DI 10.1111/1758-5899.12156 PG 9 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA AQ8BV UT WOS:000343047800003 ER PT J AU Wu, VY Shen, YC AF Wu, Vivian Y. Shen, Yu-Chu TI Long-Term Impact of Medicare Payment Reductions on Patient Outcomes SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Medicare; mortality; payment reduction; BBA; hospital ID HOSPITAL FINANCIAL CONDITION; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; BALANCED BUDGET ACT; QUALITY-OF-CARE; HEALTH-CARE; REGIONAL-VARIATIONS; SYSTEM; MORTALITY; REIMBURSEMENT; IMPLEMENTATION AB Objective. To examine the long-term impact of Medicare payment reductions on patient outcomes for Medicare acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Data Sources. Analysis of secondary data compiled from 100 percent Medicare Provider Analysis and Review between 1995 and 2005, Medicare hospital cost reports, Inpatient Prospective Payment System Payment Impact Files, American Hospital Association annual surveys, InterStudy, Area Resource Files, and County Business Patterns. Study Design. We used a natural experiment-the Balanced Budget Act (BBA) of 1997-as an instrument to predict cumulative Medicare revenue loss due solely to the BBA, and basing on the predicted loss categorized hospitals into small, moderate, or large payment-cut groups and followed Medicare AMI patient outcomes in these hospitals over an 11-year panel between 1995 and 2005. Principal Findings. We found that while Medicare AMI mortality trends remained similar across hospitals between pre-BBA and initial-BBA periods, hospitals facing large payment cuts saw smaller improvement in mortality rates relative to that of hospitals facing small cuts in the post-BBA period. Part of the relatively higher AMI mortalities among large-cut hospitals might be related to reductions in staffing levels and operating costs, and a small part might be due to patient selection. Conclusions. We found evidence that hospitals facing large Medicare payment cuts as a result of BBA of 1997 were associated with deteriorating patient outcomes in the long run. Medicare payment reductions may have an unintended consequence of widening the gap in quality across hospitals. C1 [Wu, Vivian Y.] Univ So Calif, Sol Price Sch Publ Policy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Shen, Yu-Chu] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wu, VY (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Sol Price Sch Publ Policy, 3335 S Figueroa St,Gateway A,101L, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM vivianwu@usc.edu NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-9124 EI 1475-6773 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1596 EP 1615 DI 10.1111/1475-6773.12185 PG 20 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA AQ7OA UT WOS:000343006400011 PM 24845773 ER PT J AU Meyer, DJ Feygelson, TI Anderson, TJ Roussos, JA Tadjer, MJ Downey, BP Katzer, DS Pate, BB Ancona, MG Koehler, AD Hobart, KD Eddy, CR AF Meyer, David J. Feygelson, Tatyana I. Anderson, Travis J. Roussos, Jason A. Tadjer, Marko J. Downey, Brian P. Katzer, D. Scott Pate, Bradford B. Ancona, Mario G. Koehler, Andrew D. Hobart, Karl D. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. TI Large-Signal RF Performance of Nanocrystalline Diamond Coated AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE NCD; load-pull; amplifier; reliability ID HEMTS AB In this split-wafer study, we have compared the dc, pulsed, small and large signal RF electrical performance of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) to reference devices with silicon nitride passivation only. The NCD-coated HEMTs were observed to outperform reference devices in transconductance, large-signal gain, output power density, and power-added efficiency at 4 GHz. The measured improvements were suspected to be related to reduced dispersion and lower source access resistance afforded by the NCD film. C1 [Meyer, David J.; Feygelson, Tatyana I.; Anderson, Travis J.; Roussos, Jason A.; Tadjer, Marko J.; Downey, Brian P.; Katzer, D. Scott; Pate, Bradford B.; Ancona, Mario G.; Koehler, Andrew D.; Hobart, Karl D.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tadjer, Marko J.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meyer, DJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.meyer@nrl.navy.mil RI Pate, Bradford/B-4752-2010 OI Pate, Bradford/0000-0002-3288-2947 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor L. Selmi. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1013 EP 1015 DI 10.1109/LED.2014.2345631 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AQ7PL UT WOS:000343011300013 ER PT J AU Suchan, J AF Suchan, Jim TI Gauging Openness to Written Communication Change: The Predictive Power of Metaphor SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE communication change; communication norms; metaphors; organizational discourse; organizational interaction ID ORGANIZATIONAL-CHANGE; TECHNOLOGY; GENRE AB This study gauges workers' degree of openness to significant changes in the organization, style, and design of a written report by analyzing metaphors that emerge from their talk about their report-reading and decision-making tasks. Workers at two work sites-in Maryland and in Washington DC-responded to two typical work reports: one written in the style currently in use and another in a fundamentally different style exhibiting features that make documents easy to read and understand. The dominant metaphor that the Maryland workers used was "the whole-man'' approach, which represented the workers' flexible approach toward work tasks that resulted in their willingness to accept the fundamentally different report. In contrast, Washington DC workers used the metaphors "paint by the numbers'' and "stay within the lines'' when describing their work. These metaphors suggest the workers' adherence to organizational routines and uncomfortableness with change that caused them not only to reject the new reports but also to have strong emotional reactions toward them. These results indicate that assessing organizational talk, particularly the metaphors people use, is a useful tool in gauging workers' perceptions about and degree of openness toward communication change. C1 [Suchan, Jim] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Suchan, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Ingersoll Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jsuchan@nps.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1050-6519 EI 1552-4574 J9 J BUS TECH COMMUN JI J. Bus. Tech. Commun. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 447 EP 476 DI 10.1177/1050651914536187 PG 30 WC Business; Communication SC Business & Economics; Communication GA AQ7NM UT WOS:000343004500002 ER PT J AU McKay, P Blain, CA AF McKay, P. Blain, C. A. TI AN AUTOMATED APPROACH TO EXTRACTING RIVER BANK LOCATIONS FROM AERIAL IMAGERY USING IMAGE TEXTURE SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; rivers; Shannon entropy; shoreline ID SEGMENTATION; MORPHOLOGY AB A fundamental challenge in river analysis and modelling is the lack of readily available and reliable information on river bank geometry. Traditional survey methods are expensive and time consuming and often difficult to execute in many river systems because of hazardous terrain or lack of access. However, as high quality aerial and satellite imagery becomes available for more of the globe, it is increasingly possible to extract these bank locations directly from imagery. The most direct method of doing this involves manually designating edges based on visual criterion. This, however, is often prohibitively time consuming and labour intensive, and the quality is dependent on the individual doing the task. This paper describes a quick and fully automated method for locating water surface and river banks in high resolution aerial imagery without recourse to any multispectral information, by segmenting based on the local entropy of the image. This method is demonstrated on imagery of several rivers and its advantages and limitations are discussed. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [McKay, P.; Blain, C. A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP McKay, P (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Oceanog Div Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM paul.mckay@nrlssc.navy.mil FU NRL 6.2 Core Project 'The Performance of a Persistent Riverine Surveillance Network' FX This work was supported under the NRL 6.2 Core Project 'The Performance of a Persistent Riverine Surveillance Network'. The authors would like to thank Mr Bob Linzell for his assistance in testing the technique. We also thank the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their comments, which have greatly improved this paper. This is Naval Research Lab Contribution Number NRL-7320-13-1779. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1048 EP 1055 DI 10.1002/rra.2701 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AQ7YY UT WOS:000343038000010 ER PT J AU Zhang, JH Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Zhang, Jiaheng Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Thermally Stable 3,6-Dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole-based Energetic Materials SO CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bond dissociation enthalpy; energetic properties; explosives; fused heterocycles; thermal stability ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGY; PROMISING PROPERTIES; SALTS; DERIVATIVES; SENSITIVITIES; PERFORMANCE; FAMILY AB 3,6-Dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole was prepared using an efficient modified process. With selected cations, ten nitrogen-rich energetic salts and three metal salts were synthesized in high yield based on the 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazolate anion. These compounds were fully characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopies, as well as elemental analyses. The structures of the neutral compounds4 and its salt 16 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction showing extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions. The neutral pyrazole precursor and its salts are remarkably thermally stable. Based on the calculated heats of formation and measured densities, detonation pressures (22.5-35.4GPa) and velocities (7948-9005ms(-1)) were determined, and they compare favorably with those of TNT and RDX. Their impact and friction sensitivities range from 12 to >40J and 80 to 360N, respectively. These properties make them competitive as insensitive and thermally stable high-energy density materials. C1 [Zhang, Jiaheng; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1861-4728 EI 1861-471X J9 CHEM-ASIAN J JI Chem.-Asian J. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 9 IS 10 BP 2953 EP 2960 DI 10.1002/asia.201402538 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AQ3GP UT WOS:000342679400034 PM 25156874 ER PT J AU Caramanis, C Dimitrov, NB Morton, DP AF Caramanis, Constantine Dimitrov, Nedialko B. Morton, David P. TI Efficient Algorithms for Budget-Constrained Markov Decision Processes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Markov decision processes (MDPs) ID LINEAR-PROGRAMS AB Discounted, discrete-time, discrete state-space, discrete action-space Markov decision processes (MDPs) form a classical topic in control, game theory, and learning, and as a result are widely applied, increasingly, in very large-scale applications. Many algorithms have been developed to solve large-scale MDPs. Algorithms based on value iteration are particularly popular, as they are more efficient than the generic linear programming approach, by an order of magnitude in the number of states of the MDP. Yet in the case of budget constrained MDPs, no more efficient algorithm than linear programming is known. The theoretically slower running times of linear programming may limit the scalability of constrained MDPs piratically; while, theoretically, it invites the question of whether the increase is somehow intrinsic. In this technical note we show that it is not, and provide two algorithms for budget-constrained MDPs that are as efficient as value iteration. Denoting the running time of value iteration by VI, and the magnitude of the input by U, for an MDP with m expected budget constraints our first algorithm runs in time O(poly(m, log U).VI). Given a pre-specified degree of precision,., for satisfying the budget constraints, our second algorithm runs in time O(logm center dot poly(log U).(1/eta(2)) center dot VI), but may produce solutions that overutilize each of the m budgets by a multiplicative factor of 1 + eta. In fact, one can substitute value iteration with any algorithm, possibly specially designed for a specific MDP, that solves the MDP quickly to achieve similar theoretical guarantees. Both algorithms restrict attention to constrained infinite-horizon MDPs under discounted costs. C1 [Caramanis, Constantine] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Dimitrov, Nedialko B.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Morton, David P.] Univ Texas Austin, Grad Program Operat Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Caramanis, C (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM cmcaram@ece.utexas.edu; ned@nps.edu; morton@mail.utexas.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-0653916, CMMI-0800676]; DTRA [HDTRA1-08-1-0029]; US DHS [2008-DN-077-ARI021-05] FX Manuscript received March 16, 2012; revised January 15, 2013 and October 18, 2013; accepted February 10, 2014. Date of publication March 28, 2014; date of current version September 18, 2014. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through grants CMMI-0653916 and CMMI-0800676; the DTRA through grant HDTRA1-08-1-0029, and the US DHS grant 2008-DN-077-ARI021-05. Recommended by Associate Editor C. Szepesvari. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 EI 1558-2523 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD OCT PY 2014 VL 59 IS 10 BP 2813 EP 2817 DI 10.1109/TAC.2014.2314211 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA AQ6LQ UT WOS:000342924300021 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Seda, EJ Tang, CP Spong, MW Stipanovic, DM AF Rodriguez-Seda, Erick J. Tang, Chinpei Spong, Mark W. Stipanovic, Dusan M. TI Trajectory tracking with collision avoidance for nonholonomic vehicles with acceleration constraints and limited sensing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Motion control; wheeled robots; distributed robot systems; collision avoidance; control of nonholonomic systems ID MOBILE ROBOTS; OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE; EXPONENTIAL STABILIZATION; DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS; CHAINED SYSTEMS; NAVIGATION; UNCERTAINTY; RANGES; DESIGN; MOTION AB Nowadays, autonomously operated nonholonomic vehicles are employed in a wide range of applications, ranging from relatively simple household chores (e. g. carpet vacuuming and lawn mowing) to highly sophisticated assignments (e. g. outer space exploration and combat missions). Each application may require different levels of accuracy and capabilities from the vehicles, yet, all expect the same critical outcome: to safely complete the task while avoiding collisions with obstacles and the environment. Herein, we report on a bounded control law for nonholonomic systems of unicycle-type that satisfactorily drive a vehicle along a desired trajectory while guaranteeing a minimum safe distance from another vehicle or obstacle at all times. The control law is comprised of two parts. The first is a trajectory tracking and set-point stabilization control law that accounts for the vehicle's kinematic and dynamic constraints (i.e. restrictions on velocity and acceleration). We show that the bounded tracking control law enforces global asymptotic convergence to the desired trajectory and local exponential stability of the full state vector in the case of set-point stabilization. The second part is a real-time avoidance control law that guarantees collision-free transit for the vehicle in noncooperative and cooperative scenarios independently of bounded uncertainties and errors in the obstacles' detection process. The avoidance control acts locally, meaning that it is only active when an obstacle is close and null when the obstacle is safely away. Moreover, the avoidance control is designed according to the vehicle's acceleration limits to compensate for lags in the vehicle's reaction time. The performance of the synthesized control law is then evaluated and validated via simulation and experimental tests. C1 [Rodriguez-Seda, Erick J.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Tang, Chinpei] Caterpillar Global Min Div, Denison, TX USA. [Spong, Mark W.] Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. [Stipanovic, Dusan M.] Univ Illinois, Coordinated Sci Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Rodriguez-Seda, EJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM rodrigue@usna.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECCS 07-25433]; University of Texas at Dallas FX This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation Grant ECCS 07-25433 and by the University of Texas at Dallas. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 33 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0278-3649 EI 1741-3176 J9 INT J ROBOT RES JI Int. J. Robot. Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1569 EP 1592 DI 10.1177/0278364914537130 PG 24 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA AQ4UM UT WOS:000342795200004 ER PT J AU Barton, NP Klein, SA Boyle, JS AF Barton, Neil P. Klein, Stephen A. Boyle, James S. TI On the Contribution of Longwave Radiation to Global Climate Model Biases in Arctic Lower Tropospheric Stability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Boundary layer; Climate models; Clouds; Diagnostics ID MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; STABLE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-ICE; INVERSION STRENGTH; TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS; SURFACE; SIMULATIONS; OCEAN; SENSITIVITY; CMIP5 AB Previous research has found that global climate models (GCMs) usually simulate greater lower tropospheric stabilities compared to reanalysis data. To understand the origins of this bias, the authors examine hindcast simulations initialized with reanalysis data of six GCMs and find that four of the six models simulate within five days a positive bias in Arctic lower tropospheric stability during the Arctic polar night over sea ice regions. These biases in lower tropospheric stability are mainly due to cold biases in surface temperature, as very small potential temperature biases exist aloft.Similar to previous research, polar night surface temperature biases in the hindcast runs relate to all-sky downwelling longwave radiation in the models, which very much relates to the cloud liquid water. Also found herein are clear-sky longwave radiation biases and a fairly large clear-sky longwave radiation bias in the day one hindcast. This clear-sky longwave bias is analyzed by running the same radiation transfer model for each model's temperature and moisture profile, and the model spread in clear-sky downwelling longwave radiation with the same radiative transfer model is found to be much less, suggesting that model differences other than temperature and moisture are aiding in the spread in downwelling longwave radiation.The six models were also analyzed in Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) mode to determine if hindcast simulations are analogous to free-running simulations. Similar winter lower tropospheric stability biases occur in four of the six models with surface temperature biases relating to the winter lower tropospheric stability values. C1 [Barton, Neil P.; Klein, Stephen A.; Boyle, James S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. [Barton, Neil P.] DeVine Consulting Inc, Fremont, CA USA. RP Barton, NP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM neil.barton.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Barton, Neil/F-9827-2011; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Office of Science at the U.S. Department of Energy FX The contribution of N. P. Barton, S. A. Klein, and J. S. Boyle to this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Support for N. P. Barton, S. A. Klein, and J. S. Boyle was provided by the Regional and Global Climate and Earth System Modeling Programs of the Office of Science at the U.S. Department of Energy. We acknowledge the Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE) and the Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM), who are responsible for Transpose-AMIP II, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For Transpose-AMIP II the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 27 IS 19 BP 7250 EP 7269 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00126.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ5ID UT WOS:000342840400005 ER PT J AU Stemper, BD Baisden, JL Yoganandan, N Shender, BS Maiman, DJ AF Stemper, Brian D. Baisden, Jamie L. Yoganandan, Narayan Shender, Barry S. Maiman, Dennis J. TI Mechanical yield of the lumbar annulus: a possible contributor to instability SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE LA English DT Article DE biomechanics; annulus fibrosus; mechanical yield; instability; lumbar spine ID TENSILE PROPERTIES; ANULUS FIBROSUS; DISC DEGENERATION; BEHAVIOR; INJURY; SPINE; SPONDYLOLISTHESIS; FLEXIBILITY; JOINT; SITE AB Object. Segmental instability in the lumbar spine can result from a number of mechanisms including intervertebral disc degeneration and facet joint degradation. Under traumatic circumstances, elevated loading may lead to mechanical yield of the annular fibers, which can decrease load-carrying capacity and contribute to instability. The purpose of this study was to quantify the biomechanics of intervertebral annular yield during tensile loading with respect to spinal level and anatomical region within the intervertebral disc. Methods. This laboratory-based study incorporated isolated lumbar spine annular specimens from younger and normal or mildly degenerated intervertebral discs. Specimens were quasi-statically distracted to failure in an environmentally controlled chamber. Stress and strain associated with yield and ultimate failure were quantified, as was stiffness in the elastic and postyield regions. Analysis of variance was used to determine statistically significant differences based on lumbar spine level, radial position, and anatomical region of the disc. Results. Annular specimens demonstrated a nonlinear response consisting of the following: toe region, linear elastic region, yield point, postyield region, and ultimate failure point. Regional dependency was identified between deep and superficial fibers. Mechanical yield was evident prior to ultimate failure in 98% of the specimens and occurred at approximately 80% and 74% of the stress and strain, respectively, to ultimate failure. Fiber modulus decreased by 34% following yield. Conclusions. Data in this study demonstrated that yielding of intervertebral disc fibers occurs relatively early in the mechanical response of the tissues and that stiffness is considerably decreased following yield. Therefore, yielding of annular fibers may result in decreased segmental stability, contributing to accelerated degeneration of bony components and possible idiopathic pain. C1 [Stemper, Brian D.; Baisden, Jamie L.; Yoganandan, Narayan; Maiman, Dennis J.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Stemper, Brian D.; Baisden, Jamie L.; Yoganandan, Narayan; Maiman, Dennis J.] Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI USA. [Shender, Barry S.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Stemper, BD (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Neurosurg, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM bstemper@mcw.edu FU Office of Naval Research through Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division Contract [N00421-10-C-0049]; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research FX The authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper. This research was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research through Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division Contract N00421-10-C-0049 and the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Research. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 1547-5654 EI 1547-5646 J9 J NEUROSURG-SPINE JI J. Neurosurg.-Spine PD OCT PY 2014 VL 21 IS 4 BP 608 EP 613 DI 10.3171/2014.6.SPINE13401 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA AQ7CO UT WOS:000342970400017 PM 25084030 ER PT J AU Mikles, B Bhatia, M Oyeku, SO Jin, ZZ Green, NS AF Mikles, Bethany Bhatia, Monica Oyeku, Suzette O. Jin, Zhezhen Green, Nancy S. TI Pediatric Hematology Providers on Referral for Transplant Evaluation for Sickle Cell Disease: A Regional Perspective SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sickle cell disease; transplantation; provider perspectives ID BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; RESPONSE RATES; ANEMIA; PATIENT; HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES; RESPONDENTS; THALASSEMIA; DECISIONS; BARRIERS; CHILDREN AB Hematology referral for evaluation is a key step for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for sickle cell disease (SCD). Pediatric SCD providers in the US Northeast (New York-Mid-Atlantic and New England regions) were surveyed anonymously for perspectives and practices regarding transplant referral and compared by whether they practiced at SCD transplant centers. Data were analyzed using the Fisher exact test, chi(2) test, and logistic regression. Half of the respondents practiced primarily at transplant sites. Most (79%) were enthusiastic about transplant for SCD and 78% had recently referred >= 1 child for evaluation. Overall, 77% limited referral to certain sickle hemoglobinopathies and 44% preferred referral for beta-thalassemia to SCD. Indications selected for referral resembled current transplant criteria, plus family request or poor response to therapy. Referral for children on chronic transfusions predicted enthusiasm and prior referral. Many (66%) referred children with multiple SCD complications, even without matched sibling donors, 37% with sibling donors despite limited disease. Practitioners at transplant centers more commonly accepted event-free survival rates of <= 90% (P= 0.002). Northeastern providers expressed varying enthusiasm for referral for evaluation based on eligibility, donor availability, and acceptable risk, with modestly more interest from practitioners at transplant centers. Differing provider perspectives may affect patient referral for transplant consideration. C1 [Mikles, Bethany] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Pediat Hematol Oncol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Bhatia, Monica; Green, Nancy S.] Columbia Univ Med Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Jin, Zhezhen] Columbia Univ Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Oyeku, Suzette O.] Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat, New York, NY USA. RP Green, NS (reprint author), Columbia Univ Med Ctr, Black Bldg 2-241,630 West 168 St, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM nsg11@columbia.edu OI Green, Nancy/0000-0002-9877-1561 FU NIH [5UL1TR000040-08] FX Supported by NIH 5UL1TR000040-08. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-4114 EI 1536-3678 J9 J PEDIAT HEMATOL ONC JI J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 36 IS 7 BP 566 EP 571 PG 6 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA AQ8BF UT WOS:000343045300029 PM 24633300 ER PT J AU Gentry, SE Chow, EKH Wickliffe, CE Massie, AB Leighton, T Segev, DL AF Gentry, Sommer E. Chow, Eric K. H. Wickliffe, Corey E. Massie, Allan B. Leighton, Tabitha Segev, Dorry L. TI Impact of Broader Sharing on the Transport Time for Deceased Donor Livers SO LIVER TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID COLD-ISCHEMIA TIME; LONG-TERM OUTCOMES; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; GRAFT-SURVIVAL; EXPERIENCE; ALLOGRAFTS; ADULT; RATES AB Recent allocation policy changes have increased the sharing of deceased donor livers across local boundaries, and sharing even broader than this has been proposed as a remedy for persistent geographic disparities in liver transplantation. It is possible that broader sharing may increase cold ischemia times (CITs) and thus harm recipients. We constructed a detailed model of transport modes (car, helicopter, and fixed-wing aircraft) and transport times between all hospitals, and we investigated the relationship between the transport time and the CIT for deceased donor liver transplants. The median estimated transport time was 2.0 hours for regionally shared livers and 1.0 hour for locally allocated livers. The model-predicted transport mode was flying for 90% of regionally shared livers but for only 22% of locally allocated livers. The median CIT was 7.0 hours for regionally shared livers and 6.0 hours for locally allocated livers. Variation in the transport time accounted for only 14.7% of the variation in the CIT, and the transport time on average composed only 21% of the CIT. In conclusion, nontransport factors play a substantially larger role in the CIT than the transport time. Broader sharing will have only a marginal impact on the CIT but will significantly increase the fraction of transplants that are transported by flying rather than driving. (C) 2014 AASLD. C1 [Gentry, Sommer E.; Chow, Eric K. H.; Wickliffe, Corey E.; Massie, Allan B.; Segev, Dorry L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Gentry, Sommer E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Massie, Allan B.; Segev, Dorry L.] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Leighton, Tabitha] Sci Registry Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Gentry, SE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Math, 572-C Holloway Rd,Mail Stop 9E, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM gentry@usna.edu FU Division of Transplantation, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services [HHSH250201000018C]; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [RC1 1RC1DK086450-01] FX This work was supported by a contract from the Division of Transplantation, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services (HHSH250201000018C). The work was also supported by an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (RC1 1RC1DK086450-01). The funding organizations did not play a role in the design or conduct of the study; the collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1527-6465 EI 1527-6473 J9 LIVER TRANSPLANT JI Liver Transplant. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1237 EP 1243 DI 10.1002/lt.23942 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery; Transplantation GA AQ7PR UT WOS:000343012000012 PM 24975028 ER PT J AU Mulsow, J Houser, DS Finneran, JJ AF Mulsow, Jason Houser, Dorian S. Finneran, James J. TI Aerial hearing thresholds and detection of hearing loss in male California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) using auditory evoked potentials SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pinniped; sea lion; Zalophus californianus; auditory evoked potential; audiogram; hearing; hearing loss ID STEADY-STATE RESPONSES; BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; AMPLITUDE-MODULATED TONES; LATERAL SUPPRESSION; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; PINNIPEDS; SENSITIVITY; AUDIOGRAM; SINGLE AB Auditory evoked potential (AEP) measurements are useful for describing the variability of hearing among individuals in marine mammal populations, an important consideration in terms of basic biology and the design of noise mitigation criteria. In this study, hearing thresholds were measured for 16 male California sea lions at frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 32 kHz using the auditory steady state-response (ASSR), a frequency-specific AEP. Audiograms for most sea lions were grossly similar to previously reported psychophysical data in that hearing sensitivity increased with increasing frequency up to a steep reduction in sensitivity between 16 and 32 kHz. Average thresholds were not different from AEP thresholds previously reported for male and female California sea lions. Two sea lions from the current study exhibited abnormal audiograms: a 26-yr-old sea lion had impaired hearing with a high-frequency hearing limit (HFHL) between 8 and 16 kHz, and an 8-yr-old sea lion displayed elevated thresholds across most tested frequencies. The auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) for these two individuals and an additional 26-yr-old sea lion were aberrant compared to those of other sea lions. Hearing loss may have fitness implications for sea lions that rely on sound during foraging and reproductive activities. C1 [Mulsow, Jason; Houser, Dorian S.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Finneran, James J.] US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Mulsow, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM jason.mulsow@nmmpfoundation.org OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 FU Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SSC) Pacific In-House Laboratory, Independent Research Program; U.S. Office of Naval Research, Marine Mammals and Biology Program FX The authors would like to thank Eric Jensen, Shawn Johnson, and the veterinary team at the MMP for managing anesthesia during all procedures. This work was funded by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SSC) Pacific In-House Laboratory, Independent Research Program and the U.S. Office of Naval Research, Marine Mammals and Biology Program. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Biosciences Division, SSC Pacific, and the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED). NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1383 EP 1400 DI 10.1111/mms.12123 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AQ5GR UT WOS:000342835800006 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, J AF Kirkpatrick, Jesse TI On John MacCunn's "Cosmopolitan Duties" SO ETHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Naval Acad, Stockdale Ctr Eth Leadership, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Stockdale Ctr Eth Leadership, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM kirkpatrick29@gmail.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0014-1704 EI 1539-297X J9 ETHICS JI Ethics PD OCT PY 2014 VL 125 IS 1 BP 229 EP 231 DI 10.1086/677016 PG 3 WC Ethics; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Philosophy GA AQ2MB UT WOS:000342619300022 ER PT J AU Ruth, RA AF Ruth, Richard A. TI So Much to Lose: John F. Kennedy and American Policy in Laos SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Ruth, Richard A.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ruth, RA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 EI 1543-7795 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1483 EP 1484 PG 2 WC History SC History GA AQ1IK UT WOS:000342534900061 ER PT J AU Xu, YM Li, T Peng, MLD AF Xu, Yamei Li, Tim Peng, Melinda TI Roles of the Synoptic-Scale Wave Train, the Intraseasonal Oscillation, and High-Frequency Eddies in the Genesis of Typhoon Manyi (2001) SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; TROPICAL CYCLONE FORMATION; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GULF-OF-MEXICO; EASTERLY WAVES; PART II; PREEXISTING TYPHOON; ENERGY DISPERSION; CYCLOGENESIS; DISTURBANCES AB Experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model were conducted to investigate the effects of multiscale motions on the genesis of Typhoon Manyi (2001) in the western North Pacific. The precursor signal associated with this typhoon genesis was identified as a northwest southeast-oriented synoptic-scale wave train (SWT). The model successfully simulated the genesis of the typhoon in the wake of the SWT. Further experiments were conducted to isolate the effects of the SWT, the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), and high-frequency (shorter than 3 days) eddies in the typhoon formation. Removing the SWT in the initial and boundary conditions eliminates the typhoon genesis. This points out the importance of the SWT in the typhoon genesis. It was noted that the SWT strengthened the wake cyclone through southeastward energy dispersion. The strengthening wake cyclone triggered multiple episodes of strong sustained convective updrafts, leading to aggregation of vertical vorticity and formation of a self-amplified mesoscale core vortex through a "bottom up" development process. Removing the ISO flow eliminates the typhoon genesis, as the ISO significantly modulated the strength of the SWT through,accumulation of wave activity. In the absence of SWT-ISO-scale interaction, the southeastward energy dispersion was weakened significantly, and thus the strengthening of the wake cyclone did not occur. As a result, the successive strong sustained convective updrafts disappeared. Removing the high-frequency eddies did not eliminate the typhoon genesis but postponed the genesis for about 36 h. C1 [Xu, Yamei] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Geosci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Peng, Melinda] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM timli@hawaii.edu FU National Science Foundation of China [41475047]; National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430104]; ONR Grants [N00014-0810256, N00014-1210450]; NRL Grant [N00173-13-1-G902]; International Pacific Research Center - Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) FX The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant 41475047 and the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430104) and ONR Grants N00014-0810256 and N00014-1210450 and NRL Grant N00173-13-1-G902 and by the International Pacific Research Center, which is sponsored by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 10 BP 3706 EP 3722 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0406.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP9IR UT WOS:000342394000009 ER PT J AU Abarca, SF Montgomery, MT AF Abarca, Sergio F. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Departures from Axisymmetric Balance Dynamics during Secondary Eyewall Formation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERATED POTENTIAL VORTICITY; RAPIDLY ROTATING VORTICES; HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; EDDY FLUXES; INERTIAL STABILITY; RITA 2005; EVOLUTION; MODEL; REPLACEMENT AB Departures from axisymmetric balance dynamics are quantified during a case of secondary eyewall formation. The case occurred in a three-dimensional mesoscale convection-permitting numerical simulation of a tropical cyclone, integrated from an initial weak mesoscale vortex in an idealized quiescent environment. The simulation exhibits a canonical eyewall replacement cycle. Departures from balance dynamics are quantified by comparing the azimuthally averaged secondary circulation and corresponding tangential wind tendencies of the mesoscale integration with those diagnosed as the axisymmetric balanced response of a vortex subject to diabatic and tangential momentum forcing. Balance dynamics is defined here, following the tropical cyclone literature, as those processes that maintain a vortex in axisymmetric thermal wind balance. The dynamical and thermodynamical fields needed to characterize the background vortex for the Sawyer Eliassen inversion are obtained by azimuthally averaging the relevant quantities in the mesoscale integration and by computing their corresponding balanced fields. Substantial differences between azimuthal averages and their homologous balance-derived fields are found in the boundary layer. These differences illustrate the inappropriateness of the balance assumption in this region of the vortex (where the secondary eyewall tangential wind maximum emerges). Although the balance model does broadly capture the sense of the forced transverse (overturning) circulation, the balance model is shown to significantly underestimate the inflow in the boundary layer. This difference translates to unexpected qualitative differences in the tangential wind tendency. The main finding is that balance dynamics does not capture the tangential wind spinup during the simulated secondary eyewall formation event. C1 [Abarca, Sergio F.; Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Abarca, SF (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, 589 Dyer Rd,Root Hall,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sergio.abarca.fuente@gmail.com FU National Research Council (NRC); Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N0001412WX20253]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0733380, IAA-1313948] FX The first author gratefully acknowledges the support from the National Research Council (NRC), through its Research Associateship Program, and the host institution, the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California. The authors thank Christopher Rozoff and two anonymous reviewers for their substantive comments on the originally submitted manuscript. The work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), through Award N0001412WX20253, and by the National Science Foundation (NSF), through Award ATM-0733380 and IAA-1313948. NR 68 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 71 IS 10 BP 3723 EP 3738 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0018.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP9IR UT WOS:000342394000010 ER PT J AU McLay, JG Liu, M AF McLay, J. G. Liu, M. TI Detecting Dependence in the Sensitive Parameter Space of a Model Using Statistical Inference and Large Forecast Ensembles SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; ATMOSPHERIC STATE; PREDICTION SYSTEM; MESOSCALE MODEL; KALMAN FILTER; RADAR DATA; NAVDAS-AR; SIMULATIONS; IDENTIFIABILITY AB This study looks for evidence of correlation among model physical parameters in the sensitive parameter space defined by those randomly sampled physical parameter vectors that induce the most notable response in some forecast metric. These "sensitive parameter vectors" are identified through an ensemble methodology. The correlation analysis is facilitated by two established techniques from statistical inference theory. The random parameter vectors are found to induce a considerable range of forecast responses in terms of five metrics, such as bias and variance. The metrics enable measurement not only of the biggest forecast response but also of the most beneficial forecast response (e.g., in terms of reduction of forecast error). For most metrics, multiple parameter pairs exhibit significantly more correlation than would be expected from random sampling processes. The correlations frequently involve parameters from two different physical routines. These inference results are independently supported by a Monte Carlo simulation. The results suggest that correlations among parameters must be taken into account in order to gain the most response from a model when carrying out parameter variation experiments. Also, they reinforce the idea that parameter estimation efforts need to be expanded so that they simultaneously estimate the joint distribution of parameters across multiple physical routines. C1 [McLay, J. G.; Liu, M.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McLay, JG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stop 2,7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM justin.mclay@nrimry.navy.mil FU NRL BASE Program [0601153N] FX The comments of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. This research was supported by the Chief of Naval Research (Program Element 0601153N) under the NRL BASE Program. The DoD High Performance Computing program at NAVO DSRC provided the computing resources. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 142 IS 10 BP 3734 EP 3755 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00340.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ0OK UT WOS:000342482400013 ER PT J AU Henderson, GR Barrett, BS Lafleur, DM AF Henderson, Gina R. Barrett, Bradford S. Lafleur, Donald M. TI Arctic sea ice and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Madden-Julian Oscillation; Arctic sea ice; Intraseasonal variability ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; WINTER; IMPACT; LINK; PREDICTION; ANOMALIES; CYCLONE AB Arctic sea ice responds to atmospheric forcing in primarily a top-down manner, whereby near-surface air circulation and temperature govern motion, formation, melting, and accretion. As a result, concentrations of sea ice vary with phases of many of the major modes of atmospheric variability, including the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Arctic Oscillation, and the El Nio-Southern Oscillation. However, until this present study, variability of sea ice by phase of the leading mode of atmospheric intraseasonal variability, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), which has been found to modify Arctic circulation and temperature, remained largely unstudied. Anomalies in daily change in sea ice concentration were isolated for all phases of the real-time multivariate MJO index during both summer (May-July) and winter (November-January) months. The three principal findings of the current study were as follows. (1) The MJO projects onto the Arctic atmosphere, as evidenced by statistically significant wavy patterns and consistent anomaly sign changes in composites of surface and mid-tropospheric atmospheric fields. (2) The MJO modulates Arctic sea ice in both summer and winter seasons, with the region of greatest variability shifting with the migration of the ice margin poleward (equatorward) during the summer (winter) period. Active regions of coherent ice concentration variability were identified in the Atlantic sector on days when the MJO was in phases 4 and 7 and the Pacific sector on days when the MJO was in phases 2 and 6, all supported by corresponding anomalies in surface wind and temperature. During July, similar variability in sea ice concentration was found in the North Atlantic sector during MJO phases 2 and 6 and Siberian sector during MJO phases 1 and 5, also supported by corresponding anomalies in surface wind. (3) The MJO modulates Arctic sea ice regionally, often resulting in dipole-shaped patterns of variability between anomaly centers. These results provide an important first look at intraseasonal variability of sea ice in the Arctic. C1 [Henderson, Gina R.; Barrett, Bradford S.; Lafleur, Donald M.] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Henderson, GR (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ghenders@usna.edu FU National Science Foundation [ARC-1203843] FX The authors thank American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program (SEAP) interns Anna Haschert and Cassandra Marino for assistance in manuscript preparation. Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant ARC-1203843. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 43 IS 7-8 BP 2185 EP 2196 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-2043-y PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ0SS UT WOS:000342493600029 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Trone, DW Tchandja, J Jones, BH AF Knapik, Joseph J. Trone, Daniel W. Tchandja, Juste Jones, Bruce H. TI Injury-Reduction Effectiveness of Prescribing Running Shoes on the Basis of Foot Arch Height: Summary of Military Investigations SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE footprints; foot type; pronation ID PLANTAR SHAPE; RUNNERS; MOTION; MECHANICS; FORCES; LEG AB STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of 3 randomized controlled trials. OBJECTIVE: Analysis of studies that examined whether prescribing running shoes on the basis of foot arch height influenced injury risk during military basic training. BACKGROUND: Prior to 2007, running magazines and running-shoe companies suggested that imprints of the bottom of the feet (plantar shape) could be used as an indication of foot arch height and that this could be used to select individually appropriate types of running shoes. METHODS: Similar studies were conducted in US Army (2168 men, 951 women), Air Force (1955 men, 718 women), and Marine Corps (840 men, 571 women) basic training. After foot examinations, recruits were randomized to either an experimental or a control group. Recruits in the experimental group selected or were assigned motion-control, stability, or cushioned shoes to match their plantar shape, which represented a low, medium, or high foot arch, respectively. The control group received a stability shoe regardless of plantar shape. Injuries during basic training were assessed from outpatient medical records. RESULTS: Meta-analyses that pooled results of the 3 investigations showed little difference between the experimental and control groups in the injury rate (injuries per 1000 person-days) for either men (Summary rate ratio = 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88, 1.06) or women (summary rate ratio = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.08). When injury rates for specific types of running shoes were compared, there were no differences. CONCLUSION: Selecting running shoes based on arch height had little influence on injury risk in military basic training. C1 [Knapik, Joseph J.; Jones, Bruce H.] US Army Inst Publ Hlth, Portfolio Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Trone, Daniel W.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Tchandja, Juste] Joint Base San Antonio, Med Grp 559, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), US Army Inst Publ Hlth, Portfolio Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, ATTN MCHB IP DI, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM joseph.j.knapik.ctr@mail.mil FU Defense Safety Oversight Council FX This study was funded by the Defense Safety Oversight Council. The authors certify that they have no affiliations with or financial involvement in any organization or entity with a direct financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in the article. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 44 IS 10 SI SI BP 805 EP 812 DI 10.2519/jospt.2014.5342 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA AQ0OP UT WOS:000342482900012 PM 25155917 ER PT J AU Timon, AF Vargas, MJ Ziegler, JF AF Fernandez Timon, A. Jurado Vargas, M. Ziegler, J. F. TI Application of alpha particle transport to the modelization of efficiency curves in proportional counters SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gross alpha; Self-absorption; SRIM code; Detection efficiency; Proportional counter; Monte Carlo methods ID GROSS-ALPHA; SELF-ABSORPTION; WATER; THIN; COPRECIPITATION AB The dependence of efficiency of a gas-flow proportional counter with respect to the source thickness and alpha-particle energy was evaluated using the code SRIM. Results for the mass-efficiency curves were evaluated for Po-209 and Am-241 in a substrate of NaNO3. The results revealed good agreement with a linear and a hyperbolic dependence for low and high thickness sources, respectively. However, some deviations were found for very thin thicknesses, which can be explained by taking into account scattering effects. A function is proposed for predicting the dependence of efficiency with alpha-particle energy in the range from 4 to 8 MeV. C1 [Fernandez Timon, A.] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles Madrid 28933, Spain. [Jurado Vargas, M.] Univ Extremadura, Dept Fis, Badajoz 06006, Spain. [Ziegler, J. F.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Timon, AF (reprint author), Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles Madrid 28933, Spain. EM alfonso.fernandez@urjc.es RI Jurado Vargas, Miguel/H-2663-2015; Fernandez, Alfonso/H-6904-2015 OI Jurado Vargas, Miguel/0000-0001-8872-5425; Fernandez, Alfonso/0000-0003-0608-6864 FU Gobierno de Extremadura [GRU09011, GR10160]; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [TIN2012-35632-C02-02] FX Thanks are due to the Gobierno de Extremadura (Projects GRU09011 and GR10160) and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Project TIN2012-35632-C02-02) for financial support. We also thank Dr. T. Semkow for his comments. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 302 IS 1 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s10967-014-3205-z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AP5QX UT WOS:000342134800035 ER PT J AU Rice, MA AF Rice, Matthew A. TI Dynamic mechanical response of plasticizer-laden acoustic polyurethanes extrapolated to higher frequencies using time-temperature superposition technique SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE Dynamic mechanical analyzer; Acoustic polyurethanes; Polyurethane chemistry; Plasticizing fluids; Damping behavior AB Acoustically transparent elastomers are the windows through which the US Navy views the ocean. For acoustic clarity and sensitivity, it is important that these elastomers operate well outside damping conditions as dictated by the temperatures and frequencies of interest. Damping behavior is characterized by a peak in the loss tangent and is associated with transitions in molecular mobility, such as the primary glass-rubber or alpha transition. However, the temperature and frequency location of this peak can shift in response to absorbed plasticizing fluids. This material characteristic is under investigation using dynamic mechanical analysis to assess its dependence on the plasticizer and polyurethane component chemistry. In this second stage of the research, the time-temperature superposition technique was employed to extrapolate storage modulus and loss factor to frequencies beyond the limits of the equipment. The technique appears to be valid for plasticized primary transition behavior but becomes circumspect when applied to secondary transition behavior. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Devices Sensors & Mat Res & Dev Branch, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Rice, MA (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Devices Sensors & Mat Res & Dev Branch, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM matthew.a.rice@navy.mil FU In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program of the Office of Naval Research; US Navy Section 219 research funds; New Professional Development Program (NPDP) of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, division Newport, Rhode Island FX This work was supported by the In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program of the Office of Naval Research, by US Navy Section 219 research funds, and by the New Professional Development Program (NPDP) of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, division Newport, Rhode Island. The author wishes to thank Dr. Thomas S. Ramotowski for his mentoring and guidance. The quality of this paper was greatly improved by the helpful comments of the reviewers. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 EI 1572-8943 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 118 IS 1 BP 377 EP 396 DI 10.1007/s10973-014-4013-y PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA AP6UO UT WOS:000342213500041 ER PT J AU Ansumana, R Jacobsen, KH Bockarie, MJ Stenger, DA AF Ansumana, Rashid Jacobsen, Kathryn H. Bockarie, Moses J. Stenger, David A. TI Point-of-care tests: where is the point? SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Ansumana, Rashid] Mercy Hosp Res Lab, Kulanda Town 00232, Bo, Sierra Leone. [Jacobsen, Kathryn H.] George Mason Univ, Dept Global & Community Hlth, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ansumana, Rashid; Bockarie, Moses J.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Stenger, David A.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Ansumana, R (reprint author), Mercy Hosp Res Lab, Kulanda Town 00232, Bo, Sierra Leone. EM rashidansumana@gmail.com RI Jacobsen, Kathryn/B-5857-2008 OI Jacobsen, Kathryn/0000-0002-4198-6246 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1473-3099 EI 1474-4457 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 14 IS 10 BP 922 EP 923 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA AP7HY UT WOS:000342249600022 PM 25253405 ER PT J AU Goldenstein, CS Almodovar, CA Jeffries, JB Hanson, RK Brophy, CM AF Goldenstein, Christopher S. Almodovar, Christopher A. Jeffries, Jay B. Hanson, Ronald K. Brophy, Christopher M. TI High-bandwidth scanned-wavelength-modulation spectroscopy sensors for temperature and H2O in a rotating detonation engine SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wavelength-modulation spectroscopy; tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy; molecular spectroscopy; combustion; detonations ID LASER ABSORPTION SENSOR; DIODE-LASER; SCRAMJET COMBUSTOR; RAPID MEASUREMENTS; GAS TEMPERATURE; WATER-VAPOR; MU-M; PRESSURE; PARAMETERS; PROPULSION AB The design and use of two-color tunable diode laser (TDL) absorption sensors for measurements of temperature and H2O in a rotating detonation engine (RDE) are presented. Both sensors used first-harmonic-normalized scanned-wavelength-modulation spectroscopy with second-harmonic detection (scanned-WMS-2f/1f) to account for non-absorbing transmission losses and emission encountered in the harsh combustion environment. One sensor used two near-infrared (NIR) TDLs near 1391.7 nm and 1469.3 nm that were modulated at 225 kHz and 285 kHz, respectively, and sinusoidally scanned across the peak of their respective H2O absorption transitions to provide a measurement rate of 50 kHz and a detection limit in the RDE of 0.2% H2O by mole. The other sensor used two mid-infrared (MIR) TDLs near 2551 nm and 2482 nm that were modulated at 90 kHz and 112 kHz, respectively, and sinusoidally scanned across the peak of their respective H2O transitions to provide a measurement rate of 10 kHz and a detection limit in the RDE of 0.02% H2O by mole. Four H2O absorption transitions with different lower-state energies were used to assess the homogeneity of temperature in the measurement plane. Experimentally derived spectroscopic parameters that enable temperature and H2O sensing to within 1.5-3.5% of known values are reported. The sensor design enabling the high-bandwidth scanned-WMS-2f/1f measurements is presented. The two sensors were deployed across two orthogonal and coplanar lines-of-sight (LOS) located in the throat of a converging-diverging nozzle at the RDE combustor exit. Measurements in the non-premixed H-2-fueled RDE indicate that the temperature and H2O oscillate at the detonation frequency (approximate to 3.25 kHz) and that production of H2O is a weak function of global equivalence ratio. C1 [Goldenstein, Christopher S.; Almodovar, Christopher A.; Jeffries, Jay B.; Hanson, Ronald K.] Stanford Univ, High Temp Gasdynam Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brophy, Christopher M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Goldenstein, CS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, High Temp Gasdynam Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM csgolden@stanford.edu OI Goldenstein, Christopher/0000-0002-8123-6327 FU Office of Naval Research (via the Naval Postgraduate School) FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (via the Naval Postgraduate School). The authors would like to thank D Dausen for hosting the measurement campaign and operating the RDE. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 29 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 25 IS 10 AR 105104 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/25/10/105104 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AP8VM UT WOS:000342357400015 ER PT J AU Fields, RD Araque, A Johansen-Berg, H Lim, SS Lynch, G Nave, KA Nedergaard, M Perez, R Sejnowski, T Wake, H AF Fields, R. Douglas Araque, Alfonso Johansen-Berg, Heidi Lim, Soo-Siang Lynch, Gary Nave, Klaus-Armin Nedergaard, Maiken Perez, Ray Sejnowski, Terrence Wake, Hiroaki TI Glial Biology in Learning and Cognition SO NEUROSCIENTIST LA English DT Article DE memory; astrocyte; microglia; oligodendrocyte; myelin; synaptic plasticity; neuron-glia interactions ID EMERGING ROLES; ASTROCYTES; MEMORY; NEUROGENESIS; MYELINATION; POTENTIALS; MODULATION; PLASTICITY; DYNAMICS; BRAIN AB Neurons are exquisitely specialized for rapid electrical transmission of signals, but some properties of glial cells, which do not communicate with electrical impulses, are well suited for participating in complex cognitive functions requiring broad spatial integration and long-term temporal regulation. Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes all have biological properties that could influence learning and cognition. Myelination by oligodendrocytes increases conduction velocity, affecting spike timing and oscillations in neuronal activity. Astrocytes can modulate synaptic transmission and may couple multiple neurons and synapses into functional assemblies. Microglia can remove synapses in an activity-dependent manner altering neural networks. Incorporating glia into a bicellular mechanism of nervous system function may help answer long-standing questions concerning the cellular mechanisms of learning and cognition. C1 [Fields, R. Douglas] NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20904 USA. [Araque, Alfonso] CSIC, Inst Cajal, E-28002 Madrid, Spain. [Johansen-Berg, Heidi] John Radcliffe Hosp, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. [Lim, Soo-Siang] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Lynch, Gary] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Nave, Klaus-Armin] Max Planck Inst Expt Med, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. [Nedergaard, Maiken] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. [Perez, Ray] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Sejnowski, Terrence] Salk Inst Biol Studies, La Jolla, CA USA. [Wake, Hiroaki] Natl Inst Basic Biol, Okazaki, Aichi 444, Japan. RP Fields, RD (reprint author), NICHD, NIH, Bldg 35,Room 2A211,MSC 3713, Bethesda, MD 20904 USA. EM fieldsd@mail.nih.gov OI Araque, Alfonso/0000-0003-3840-1144 FU NICHD; NSF [SMA-1330402, SMA-1258562] FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by funds for intramural research, NICHD and NSF grants SMA-1330402 and SMA-1258562 to R. Douglas Fields and Beth Stevens, Harvard University. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 34 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1073-8584 EI 1089-4098 J9 NEUROSCIENTIST JI Neuroscientist PD OCT PY 2014 VL 20 IS 5 BP 426 EP 431 DI 10.1177/1073858413504465 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AQ2TB UT WOS:000342640800005 PM 24122821 ER PT J AU Kingsbury, T Thesing, N Collins, JD Carney, J Wyatt, M AF Kingsbury, Trevor Thesing, Nancy Collins, John David Carney, Joseph Wyatt, Marilynn TI Do Patients With Bone Bridge Amputations Have Improved Gait Compared With Patients With Traditional Amputations? SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSTIBIAL AMPUTATION; AMPUTEES; WALKING; LEVEL AB Two surgical techniques for performing a transtibial amputation include a traditional approach and a bone bridge approach. To date, there is no conclusive evidence of superiority of either technique in terms of temporal-spatial, kinetic, and mechanical work parameters. We sought to compare instrumented three-dimensional gait parameters and mechanical work measurements of patients who had undergone a traditional or bone bridge amputation at the transtibial level. Residual limb length and its effect on those functional outcomes was a secondary interest irrespective of amputation type. This retrospective comparative study included 14 active-duty military men with a mean age of 25 years (range, 20-28 years). Comparisons were made between seven patients with traditional and seven patients with bone bridge amputations at the transtibial level. The patients walked at self-selected and fast paces while three-dimensional gait analysis data were collected and comparisons were made between patients with the two amputation types as well as by length of the residual limb. With the numbers available, we observed no differences between the two surgical groups at either speed for the temporal-spatial parameters or mechanical work metrics. However, the bone bridge group did demonstrate greater rolloff vertical ground reaction force during the fast walking condition with a median 1.02% of body weight compared with 0.94% (p = 0.046), which suggests a more stable platform in terminal stance. When the two groups were combined into one to test the effect of residual limb length, the linear regression resulted in an R-2 value of 0.419 (p = 0.012), in which patients with longer residual limbs had improved F3 force values during self-selected walking. Overall, limited functional differences were found between the two groups in this small pilot study, so a superior surgical technique could not be determined; whereas our limited sample size prevents a firm conclusion of no difference, our data can be considered hypothesis-generating for future, larger studies. Although some evidence indicated that patients with a bone bridge have improved loading at higher speeds, a regression of all patients walking at self-selected speed indicates that as residual limb length increases, loading increases regardless of amputation type. Thus, our data suggest it is important to preserve residual limb length to allow for improved loading in terminal stance. Level III, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. C1 [Kingsbury, Trevor; Thesing, Nancy; Carney, Joseph; Wyatt, Marilynn] Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Collins, John David] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Kingsbury, T (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM trevor.kingsbury@med.navy.mil FU Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Wounded, Ill, and Injured (WII) Program FX Funded by the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Wounded, Ill, and Injured (WII) Program (MW). NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-921X EI 1528-1132 J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 472 IS 10 BP 3036 EP 3043 DI 10.1007/s11999-014-3617-7 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA AP2NN UT WOS:000341909300019 PM 24818734 ER PT J AU Kaufman, KR Wyatt, MP Sessoms, PH Grabiner, MD AF Kaufman, Kenton R. Wyatt, Marilynn P. Sessoms, Pinata H. Grabiner, Mark D. TI Task-specific Fall Prevention Training Is Effective for Warfighters With Transtibial Amputations SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LOWER-LIMB AMPUTATION; TRIP-RELATED FALLS; OLDER-ADULTS; BALANCE CONFIDENCE; INPATIENT REHABILITATION; STEPPING RESPONSES; STANDING BALANCE; RISK-FACTORS; MOTOR SKILL; AMPUTEES AB Key factors limiting patients with lower extremity amputations to achieve maximal functional capabilities are falls and fear of falling. A task-specific fall prevention training program has successfully reduced prospectively recorded trip-related falls that occur in the community by the elderly. However, this program has not been tested in amputees. In a cohort of unilateral transtibial amputees, we aimed to assess effectiveness of a falls prevention training program by (1) quantifying improvements in trunk control; (2) measuring responses to a standardized perturbation; and (3) demonstrating retention at 3 and 6 months after training. Second, we collected patient-reported outcomes for balance confidence and falls control. Fourteen male military service members (26 +/- A 3 years) with unilateral transtibial amputations and who had been walking without an assistive device for a median of 10 months (range, 2-106 months) were recruited to participate in this prospective cohort study. The training program used a microprocessor-controlled treadmill designed to deliver task-specific postural perturbations that simulated a trip. The training consisted of six 30-minute sessions delivered over a 2-week period, during which task difficulty, including perturbation magnitude, increased as the patient's ability progressed. Training effectiveness was assessed using a perturbation test in an immersive virtual environment. The key outcome variables were peak trunk flexion and velocity, because trunk kinematics at the recovery step have been shown to be a determinant of fall likelihood. The patient-reported outcomes were also collected using questionnaires. The effectiveness of the rehabilitation program was also assessed by collecting data before perturbation training and comparing the key outcome parameters with those measured immediately after perturbation training (0 months) as well as both 3 and 6 months posttraining. Mean trunk flexion angle and velocity significantly improved after participating in the training program. The prosthetic limb trunk flexion angle improved from pretraining (42A degrees; 95% confidence interval [CI], 38A degrees-47A degrees) to after training (31A degrees; 95% CI, 25A degrees-37A degrees; p < 0.001). Likewise, the trunk flexion velocity improved from pretraining (187A degrees/sec; 95% CI, 166A degrees-209A degrees) to after training (143A degrees/sec; 95% CI, 119A degrees-167A degrees; p < 0.004). The results display a significant side-to-side difference for peak trunk flexion angle (p = 0.01) with perturbations of the prosthetic limb resulting in higher peak angles. Prosthetic limb trips also exhibited significantly greater peak trunk flexion velocity compared with trips of the prosthetic limb (p = 0.005). These changes were maintained up to 6 months after the training. The peak trunk flexion angle of the subjects when the prosthetic limb was perturbed had a mean of 31A degrees (95% CI, 25A degrees-37A degrees) at 0 month, 32A degrees (95% CI, 28A degrees-37A degrees) at 3 months, and 30A degrees (95% CI, 25A degrees-34A degrees) at 6 months. Likewise, the peak trunk flexion velocity for the prosthetic limb was a mean of 143A degrees/sec (95% CI, 118A degrees-167A degrees) at 0 months, 143A degrees/sec (95% CI, 126A degrees-159A degrees) at 3 months, and 132A degrees (95% CI, 115A degrees-149A degrees) at 6 months. The peak trunk flexion angle when the nonprosthetic limb was perturbed had a mean of 22A degrees (95% CI, 18A degrees-24A degrees) at 0 months, a mean of 26A degrees (95% CI, 20A degrees-32A degrees) at 3 months, and a mean of 23A degrees (95% CI, 19A degrees-28A degrees) at 6 months. The peak trunk flexion velocity for the nonprosthetic limb had a mean of 85A degrees/sec (95% CI, 71A degrees-98A degrees) at 0 months, a mean of 96A degrees (95% CI, 68A degrees-124A degrees) at 3 months, and 87A degrees/sec (95% CI, 68A degrees-105A degrees) at 6 months. There were no significant changes in the peak trunk flexion angle (p = 0.16) or peak trunk flexion velocity (p = 0.35) over time after the training ended. The skill retention was present when either the prosthetic or nonprosthetic limb was perturbed. There were side-to-side differences in the trunk flexion angle (p = 0.038) and trunk flexion velocity (p = 0.004). Perturbations of the prosthetic side resulted in larger trunk flexion and higher trunk flexion velocities. Subjects prospectively reported decreased stumbles, semicontrolled falls, and uncontrolled falls. These results indicate that task-specific fall prevention training is an effective rehabilitation method to reduce falls in persons with lower extremity transtibial amputations. Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. C1 [Kaufman, Kenton R.] Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped Surg, Biomech Mot Anal Lab, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Wyatt, Marilynn P.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Gait Anal Lab, San Diego, CA USA. [Sessoms, Pinata H.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Grabiner, Mark D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Kinesiol & Nutr, Chicago, IL USA. RP Kaufman, KR (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Orthoped Surg, Biomech Mot Anal Lab, Charlton North L-110L,200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM kaufman.kenton@mayo.edu OI Kaufman, Kenton/0000-0002-7311-3781 FU Department of Defense [W81X-WH-11-2-0058, DM090896]; Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Wounded, Ill, and Injured Program FX This study was funded by the Department of Defense Grant Number W81X-WH-11-2-0058 (Log No. DM090896) and the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Wounded, Ill, and Injured Program. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This research was conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects (protocol NMCSD.2001.003 and Protocol NHRC.2001.0031). The institution of one or more of the authors (MDG) has a patent on technology (ActiveStep (TM); Symbex, Lebanon, NH, USA) noted in this manuscript. One of the authors (MDG) is an inventor of the ActiveStep (TM) system but has no conflicts of interest to declare with regard to the present study. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-921X EI 1528-1132 J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 472 IS 10 BP 3076 EP 3084 DI 10.1007/s11999-014-3664-0 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA AP2NN UT WOS:000341909300024 PM 24811543 ER PT J AU Choi, SR Wright, JM Faucett, DC Ayre, M AF Choi, Sung R. Wright, Jennifer M. Faucett, D. Calvin Ayre, Matthew TI Phenomena of Foreign Object Damage by Spherical Projectiles in EB-PVD Thermal Barrier Coatings of Turbine Airfoils SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE thermal barrier coatings (TBCs); foreign object damage (FOD); ballistic impact testing; delamination crack; coating delamination; delamination analysis ID STEEL BALL PROJECTILES; SIC/SIC COMPOSITE; SILICON NITRIDES; IMPACT DAMAGE; EROSION; DELAMINATION; TEMPERATURE; INDENTATION; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR AB Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), attributed to their inherent brittleness, are vulnerable to damage by impacting foreign objects when kinetic energy of the objects surpasses certain limits. The damage is termed foreign object damage (FOD) and results in various issues to coatings as well as to substrates, from plastic impression to delamination to spallation to cracking, depending on the severity of impact. The FOD experiments were conducted utilizing a ballistic impact gun for vane airfoil components coated with 220 mu m-thick, 7% yttria-stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) by electron beam physical vapor deposit (EB-PVD). The testing was performed with impact velocities ranging from 150 m/s to Mach 1 using 1.6-mm hardened chrome-steel ball projectiles. The resulting FOD was in the forms of impact impressions, cone cracking, and delamination of the coatings/substrates. Prediction of delamination crack size as a function of impact velocity was made based on an energy-balance approach through a quasistatic, first-order approximation. The prediction was in reasonable agreement with experimental data considering a presumable compaction of the TBCs upon impact. C1 [Choi, Sung R.; Wright, Jennifer M.; Faucett, D. Calvin; Ayre, Matthew] Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Choi, SR (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM sung.choi1@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and Dr. D. Shifler. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2014 VL 136 IS 10 DI 10.1115/1.4027362 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AP4OS UT WOS:000342057900024 ER PT J AU Crouse, DF AF Crouse, David Frederic TI Comments on "SHORT NOTE: Extending simplified high-degree synthesis methods to second latitudinal derivatives of geopotential" SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Spherical harmonics; Associated Legendre functions; Clenshaw; Horner's scheme AB This comment corrects a number of errors in the paper "SHORT NOTE: Extending simplified high-degree synthesis methods to second latitudinal derivatives of geopotential". C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Crouse, DF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.crouse@nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 EI 1432-1394 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD OCT PY 2014 VL 88 IS 10 BP 1007 EP 1008 DI 10.1007/s00190-014-0739-3 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA AP2PW UT WOS:000341916900007 ER PT J AU Schubbe, JJ Westmoreland, SN AF Schubbe, Joel J. Westmoreland, Sophoria N. TI Effects of Chromate and Non-Chromate Coating Systems on Environmentally Assisted Fatigue of an Aluminum Alloy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE aerospace vehicles; aluminum alloys; corrosion; environmentally assisted crack growth; fatigue crack growth; fractography; fracture mechanics; mixed mode fracture ID CRACK-GROWTH BEHAVIOR; 7075-T6 AB Fatigue crack growth testing of 2024-T3 Aluminum plate was performed using compact tension (CT) specimens with chromate and non-chromate primer paint systems to evaluate the effects of the coatings on fatigue crack growth rates. The tests were conducted in lab air and sea water environments for each of the coating systems. Standard E399 CT specimens were tested to determine the influence level of environmentally assisted cracking (corrosion fatigue) on crack growth rates and cyclic count to prescribed pre-crack and final crack lengths. Increasing stress range (Delta K) tests were conducted at 10 Hz in the range of 6.5 to 26.5 MPa. It was determined that the coated specimens exhibited a 12% shorter total life, on average, than the bare specimens for the lab air cases. In the case of salt water exposure, the coated specimens exhibited approximately 10% life increase over the bare specimens. The number of cycles to the 2.54 mm pre-crack length for the coated specimens was all less than the cycle count for the bare tests. In each case (coated or bare), there was an increased growth rate at the lower stress ranges in the salt water environment, with the chromate system case displaying the smallest change (increase). It can be concluded that the coated specimens initiate cracks and propagate faster than the bare specimens for short cracks at low stress range, but the environmental influence on the specimens is quickly overshadowed as the cracks elongate and the rate of growth increases. The coated specimens exhibited a higher total life cycle count to final crack length for this testing. C1 [Schubbe, Joel J.; Westmoreland, Sophoria N.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schubbe, JJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM Schubbe@usna.edu FU Office of Corrosion Policy and Oversight, OSD, Washington, DC FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Office of Corrosion Policy and Oversight, OSD, Washington, DC (Mr. Richard A. Hays) NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 EI 1544-1024 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 23 IS 10 BP 3534 EP 3540 DI 10.1007/s11665-014-1159-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AP6XZ UT WOS:000342223200016 ER PT J AU Baker, BW Brewer, LN AF Baker, B. W. Brewer, L. N. TI Evaluation of liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of oxide dispersion strengthened steel MA956 SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TENSILE BEHAVIOR; LEAD-BISMUTH; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; MARTENSITIC STEEL; ODS STEELS; STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; MA 956; CORROSION; CRACKING; COMPATIBILITY AB This research examined the susceptibility of MA956 to liquid metal embrittlement using two experimental approaches. In both approaches, historical data on traditional steels was used to determine likely conditions to promote liquid metal embrittlement in lead and lead-bismuth eutectic environments. U-bend specimens of MA956 were found to be immune to liquid metal embrittlement after prolonged exposure to liquid lead. Similarly, slow strain rate testing of MA956 showed immunity to liquid metal embrittlement for both lead and lead-bismuth at temperatures of 328 degrees C and 150 degrees C respectively corresponding to the melting temperature of each embrittler individually. These results suggest that the same passive protective oxide layers that limit general corrosion and oxidation also prevent liquid metal embrittlement. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Baker, B. W.] US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Brewer, L. N.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Baker, BW (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway RD, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bbaker@usna.edu; lnbrewer@nps.edu RI Baker, Bradford/H-9709-2014 OI Baker, Bradford/0000-0002-1183-5586 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work in part was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 453 IS 1-3 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.07.014 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AO9MN UT WOS:000341679900034 ER PT J AU Gannon, AJ Hobson, GV Shea, MJ Clay, CS Millsaps, KT AF Gannon, Anthony J. Hobson, Garth V. Shea, Michael J. Clay, Christopher S. Millsaps, Knox T. TI MEMS-Scale Turbomachinery Based Vacuum Roughing Pump SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB This study forms part of a program to develop a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) scale turbomachinery based vacuum pump and investigates the roughing portion of such a system. Such a machine would have many radial stages with the exhaust stages operating near atmospheric conditions while the inlet stages operate at near vacuum conditions. In low vacuum such as those to the inlet of a roughing pump, the flow can still be treated as a continuum; however, the no-slip boundary condition is not accurate. The Knudsen number becomes a dominant nondimensional parameter in these machines due to their small size and low pressures. As the Knudsen number increases, slip-flow becomes present at the walls. The study begins with a basic overview on implementing the slip wall boundary condition in a commercial code by specifying the wall shear stress based on the mean-free-path of the gas molecules. This is validated against an available micro-Poiseuille classical solution at Knudsen numbers between 0.001 and 0.1 with reasonable agreement found. The method of specifying the wall shear stress is then applied to a generic MEMS scale roughing pump stage that consists of two stators and a rotor operating at a nominal absolute pressure of 500 Pa. The zero flow case was simulated in all cases as the pump down time for these machines is small due to the small volume being evacuated. Initial transient two-dimensional (2D) simulations are used to evaluate three boundary conditions, classical no-slip, specified-shear, and slip-flow. It is found that the stage pressure rise increased as the flow began to slip at the walls. In addition, it was found that at lower pressures the pure slip boundary condition resulted in very similar predictions to the specified-shear simulations. As the specified-shear simulations are computationally expensive it is reasonable to use slip-flow boundary conditions. This approach was used to perform three-dimensional (3D) simulations of the stage. Again the stage pressure increased when slip-flow was present compared with the classical no-slip boundaries. A characteristic of MEMS scale turbomachinery are the large relative tip gaps requiring 3D simulations. A tip gap sensitivity study was performed and it was found that when no-slip boundaries were present the pressure ratio increased significantly with decreasing tip gap. When slip-flow boundaries were present, this relationship was far weaker. C1 [Gannon, Anthony J.; Hobson, Garth V.; Shea, Michael J.; Clay, Christopher S.; Millsaps, Knox T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, MAE Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gannon, AJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, MAE Dept, 700 Dyer Rd,Room 245, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ajgannon@nps.edu; gvhobson@nps.edu; michaelshea2011@gmail.com; clayoven2@yahoo.com; millsaps@nps.edu RI Gannon, Anthony/E-9598-2017 OI Gannon, Anthony/0000-0002-4602-4396 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX The authors would like to acknowledge the sponsorship of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and thank the technical monitors Tayo Akinwande and Michael Wolfson. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2014 VL 136 IS 10 AR 101002 DI 10.1115/1.4027971 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AP4OX UT WOS:000342058500002 ER PT J AU Pruessner, MW Park, D Stievater, TH Kozak, DA Rabinovich, WS AF Pruessner, Marcel W. Park, Doewon Stievater, Todd H. Kozak, Dmitry A. Rabinovich, William S. TI An Optomechanical Transducer Platform for Evanescent Field Displacement Sensing SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Interferometers; mechanical sensors; micro-electromechanical systems; micromachining; optical waveguides; optoelectronic and photonic sensors ID MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER; OPTICAL-WAVE-GUIDES; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; SILICON; SENSORS; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; FABRICATION; MANIPULATION; RESONATOR AB We demonstrate an integrated waveguide platform and optomechanical transduction circuit for chip-scale displacement sensing. The waveguide consists of a thin silicon nitride core layer, a thick silicon oxide bottom cladding, and a top air cladding with a large evanescent field at the waveguide surface. Although the structures feature subwavelength (= 10%) of compensation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Glaser, E. R.; Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Storm, D. F.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Teisseyre, Henryk] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. [Teisseyre, Henryk; Bockowski, Michal] Polish Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. [Bockowski, Michal] TopGaN Ltd, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. RP Glaser, ER (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Teisseyre, Henryk/A-1394-2017 OI Teisseyre, Henryk/0000-0001-8640-1283 FU Polish National Science Centre [DEC-2011/03/B/ST3/02647] FX This work was partially supported by project DEC-2011/03/B/ST3/02647 of the Polish National Science Centre. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 403 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2014.06.003 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA AO5VG UT WOS:000341412900022 ER PT J AU Kumar, M Baldissera, G Persson, C David, DGF da Silva, MVS Freitas, JA Tischler, JG Chubaci, JFD Matsuoka, M da Silva, AF AF Kumar, M. Baldissera, G. Persson, C. David, D. G. F. da Silva, M. V. S. Freitas, J. A., Jr. Tischler, J. G. Chubaci, J. F. D. Matsuoka, M. Ferreira da Silva, A. TI Bulk properties of InN films determined by experiments and theory SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors (IWBNS) CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2013 CL Seeon, GERMANY DE InN; Photoluminescence; Ion beam deposition; Density functional theory ID III-V NITRIDES; BAND-GAP; INDIUM NITRIDE; EXCITATIONS; ENERGY; EXCITON AB Built properties of InN are determined by combining experimental and theoretical studies. In this work, we produced high quality InN film deposited on GaN templates by a modified ion beam assisted deposition technique confirmed by low temperature photoluminescence and absorption. The density of states, real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric function and the absorption coefficient are calculated by means of first principles beyond density functional theory. The quasi particle aspect is described in the framework of a quasi particle method (the GW approximation). The calculated band gap energy is similar to 0.8 eV whereas significance in the optical absorption occurs at similar to 1.2 eV, which are consistent with both luminescence and absorption results. The Bethe-Salpeter equation is utilized to model the two particle exciton interactions, revealing a strong excitonic peak just below the absorption edge of InN. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, M.; Baldissera, G.; Persson, C.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Persson, C.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [David, D. G. F.; da Silva, M. V. S.; Ferreira da Silva, A.] Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Fis, BR-40210340 Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Freitas, J. A., Jr.; Tischler, J. G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chubaci, J. F. D.; Matsuoka, M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. RP Kumar, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, Environm Remediat Mat Unit, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. EM mukesh@kth.se; ferreira.fis@gmail.com RI Kumar, Mukesh/D-7081-2011; Chubaci, Jose Fernando/F-8864-2012 OI Kumar, Mukesh/0000-0003-1724-4880; Chubaci, Jose Fernando/0000-0002-9268-2410 FU FAPESB/PRONEX; CNPq; Swedish Research Council (VR); Norwegian Research Council (NFR) FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Brazilian agencies FAPESB/PRONEX and CNPq, the Swedish Research Council (VR), and Norwegian Research Council (NFR). We acknowledge access to HPC centers NSC and USIT for high-performance computing resources via SNIC/SNAC, Matter network and NOTUR. The experimental work was part of an ONR/IF-USP NICOP program initiated by the Brazilian PI Prof. Jose Roberto Leite. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD OCT 1 PY 2014 VL 403 BP 124 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2014.06.001 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA AO5VG UT WOS:000341412900023 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, Carl E. TI Motor Demonstration Using a Hand-Cranked Genecon SO PHYSICS TEACHER LA English DT Article C1 [Mungan, Carl E.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mungan@usna.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSN PHYSICS TEACHERS PI COLLEGE PK PA 5110 ROANOKE PLACE SUITE 101, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740 USA SN 0031-921X J9 PHYS TEACH JI Phys. Teach. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 52 IS 7 BP 422 EP 425 DI 10.1119/1.4895360 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CX5YF UT WOS:000365777700012 ER PT J AU Martinelli, SL AF Martinelli, Sheri L. TI Simulation of Propagating Acoustic Wavefronts with Random Sound Speed SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Level set method; wavefront methods; high-frequency acoustic propagation; stochastic collocation ID MULTIVALUED PHYSICAL OBSERVABLES; LEVEL SET; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; OCEAN; FORMULAS; GUIDE; LIMIT AB A method for simulating acoustic wavefronts propagating under random sound speed conditions is presented. The approach applies a level set method to solve the Eikonal equation of high frequency acoustics for surfaces of constant phase, instead of tracing rays. The Lagrangian nature often makes full-field ray solutions difficult to reconstruct. The level set method captures multiple-valued solutions on a fixed grid. It is straightforward to represent other sources of uncertainty in the input data using this model, which has an advantage over Monte Carlo approaches in that it yields an expression for the solution as a function of random variables. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Vehicles & Defens Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Martinelli, SL (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Vehicles & Defens Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM sheri_martinelli@alumni.brown.edu FU Science, Mathematics, And Research for Transformation (SMART) program FX The author would like to thank Dr. Drumheller and Dr. Soukup of ONR for their support of this program. I also thank Art Newhall and others in the Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering Department at WHOI for access to the pre-processed SSP data from the SW06 experiment. This work is also partially funded by the Science, Mathematics, And Research for Transformation (SMART) program. Additionally, I wish to thank Dr. Jan Hesthaven of Brown University for his technical oversight and advice. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 3208, CENTRAL PLAZA, 18 HARBOUR RD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 EI 1991-7120 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1081 EP 1101 DI 10.4208/cicp.250913.080414a PG 21 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AN7OH UT WOS:000340789500009 ER PT J AU Hedin, J Giovane, F Waldemarsson, T Gumbel, J Blum, J Stroud, RM Marlin, L Moser, J Siskind, DE Jansson, K Saunders, RW Summers, ME Reissaus, P Stegman, J Plane, JMC Horanyi, M AF Hedin, Jonas Giovane, Frank Waldemarsson, Tomas Gumbel, Jorg Blum, Juergen Stroud, Rhonda M. Marlin, Layne Moser, John Siskind, David E. Jansson, Kjell Saunders, Russell W. Summers, Michael E. Reissaus, Philipp Stegman, Jacek Plane, John M. C. Horanyi, Mihaly TI The MAGIC meteoric smoke particle sampler SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Meteoric smoke particles; Rocket-borne sampling; Mesosphere ID NOCTILUCENT CLOUD PARTICLES; MESOSPHERIC AEROSOL-PARTICLES; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; DUST PARTICLES; CHARGED DUST; COSMIC DUST; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; POLAR MESOSPHERE; ICE PARTICLES AB Between a few tons to several hundred tons of meteoric material enters the Earth's atmosphere each day, and most of this material is ablated and vaporized in the 70-120 km altitude region. The subsequent chemical conversion, re-condensation and coagulation of this evaporated material are thought to form nanometre sized meteoric smoke particles (MSPs). These smoke particles are then subject to further coagulation, sedimentation and global transport by the mesospheric circulation. MSPs have been proposed as a key player in the formation and evolution of ice particle layers around the mesopause region, i.e. noctilucent clouds (NLC) and polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE). MSPs have also been implicated in mesospheric heterogeneous chemistry to influence the mesospheric odd oxygen/odd hydrogen (O-x/HOx) chemistry, to play an important role in the mesospheric charge balance, and to be a significant component of stratospheric aerosol and enhance the depletion of O-3. Despite their apparent importance, little is known about the properties of MSPs and none of the hypotheses can be verified without direct evidence of the existence, altitude and size distribution, shape and elemental composition. The aim of the MAGIC project (Mesospheric Aerosol - Genesis, Interaction and Composition) was to develop an instrument and analysis techniques to sample for the first time MSPs in the mesosphere and return them to the ground for detailed analysis in the laboratory. MAGIC meteoric smoke particle samplers have been flown on several sounding rocket payloads between 2005 and 2011. Several of these flights concerned non-summer mesosphere conditions when pure MSP populations can be expected. Other flights concerned high latitude summer conditions when MSPs are expected to be contained in ice particles in the upper mesosphere. In this paper we present the MAGIC project and describe the MAGIC MSP sampler, the measurement procedure and laboratory analysis. We also present the attempts to retrieve MSPs from these flights, the challenges inherent to the sampling of nanometre sized particles and the subsequent analysis of the sampled material, and thoughts for the future. Despite substantial experimental efforts, the MAGIC project has so far failed to provide conclusive results. While particles with elemental composition similar to what is to be expected from MSPs have been found, the analysis has been compromised by challenges with different types of contamination and uncertainties in the sticking efficiency of the particles on the sampling surfaces. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hedin, Jonas; Waldemarsson, Tomas; Gumbel, Jorg; Stegman, Jacek] Stockholm Univ MISU, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Giovane, Frank; Waldemarsson, Tomas; Marlin, Layne; Moser, John; Siskind, David E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Giovane, Frank] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Blum, Juergen] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Stroud, Rhonda M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC USA. [Jansson, Kjell] Stockholm Univ, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Saunders, Russell W.; Plane, John M. C.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Summers, Michael E.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Reissaus, Philipp] Kayser Threde GmbH Munchen, Space Technol & Applicat Div, D-81379 Munich, Germany. [Horanyi, Mihaly] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hedin, J (reprint author), Stockholm Univ MISU, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM jonash@misu.su.se RI Plane, John/C-7444-2015; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; OI Plane, John/0000-0003-3648-6893; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Horanyi, Mihaly/0000-0002-5920-9226; Hedin, Jonas/0000-0001-5338-1538 FU NASA [NDPR S-06215-G]; Swedish National Space Board; German Aerospace Center (DLR); Norwegian Space Center; Research Council of Norway; SSC; Esrange Space Center; Wallops Flight Facility; Andoya Rocket Range; Norwegian Defence Research Establishment; DLR-Mobile Rocket Base (Moraba); Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation FX We acknowledge Robert R. Meier for the original idea to measure meteoric smoke particles. MAGIC was a NASA project funded under Grant no. NDPR S-06215-G. The MAGIC and PHOCUS sounding rocket projects were funded by the Swedish National Space Board. The ECOMA project was sponsored by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), and the Norwegian Space Center and the Research Council of Norway supported the Norwegian contribution. We thank for the opportunity to participate in the VTSRP and ECOMA projects with MAGIC MSP samplers, and acknowledge the excellent support of SSC, Esrange Space Center, Wallops Flight Facility, Andoya Rocket Range, the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment and DLR-Mobile Rocket Base (Moraba). The new electron microscopy facility at Stockholm University was made possible by the support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation. NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 118 SI SI BP 127 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2014.03.003 PN B PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN1HI UT WOS:000340332900002 ER PT J AU McGrady, JW Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF McGrady, Joseph W. Papaconstantopoulos, Dimitrios A. Mehl, Michael J. TI Tight-Binding study of Boron structures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Crystal structure; Lattice dynamics; Defects; Phonons; Elastic properties ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; NOBLE-METALS; TRANSITION; VACANCIES AB We have performed Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (LAPW) calculations for five crystal structures (alpha, dhcp, Sc, fcc, bcc) of Boron which we then fitted to a non-orthogonal tight-binding model following the Naval Research Laboratory Tight-Binding (NRL-TB) method. The predictions of the NRL-TB approach for complicated Boron structures such as R105 (or beta-rhombohedral) and T190 are in agreement with recent first-principles calculations. Fully utilizing the computational speed of the NRL-TB method we calculated the energy differences of various structures, including those containing vacancies using supercells with up to 5000 atoms. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McGrady, Joseph W.; Papaconstantopoulos, Dimitrios A.] George Mason Univ, SPACS, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Mehl, Michael J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Papaconstantopoulos, DA (reprint author), George Mason Univ, SPACS, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dpapacon@gmu.edu RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 FU DoE grant [DE-FG02-07ER-46425]; ONR grant [N00014-09-1-1025] FX Research funded in part by DoE grant DE-FG02-07ER-46425 and by ONR grant N00014-09-1-1025. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD OCT PY 2014 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1106 EP 1112 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2014.05.003 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA AN1HG UT WOS:000340332700005 ER PT J AU Gaver, DP Jacobs, PA AF Gaver, Donald P. Jacobs, Patricia A. TI Reliability growth by failure mode removal SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Reliability growth; Infinite server queue; Poisson thinning ID DISCRETE-USE SYSTEMS; SOFTWARE-RELIABILITY; STATISTICAL-METHODS; MANAGEMENT METRICS; PREDICTION; INFERENCE AB Modern systems, civilian (e.g. automotive), and military (manned and unmanned aircraft, surface vehicles, submerged vessels), suffer initial design faults or failure modes (FMs), including software bugs, which detrimentally affect the system's reliability and availability. FMs must be removed or mitigated in impact during initial testing, including accelerated testing, in order for the system to meet its reliability requirements and operate satisfactorily in the field. This paper concerns models for reliability growth in which the behaviors of FMs are assumed independent, but of different types. Test effort is guided by prior information, expressed probabilistically, on the random number and tenacities of such FMs that are of various origins in the designs. Estimation of the numbers of FMs that will ultimately activate while in the field is considered here. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gaver, Donald P.; Jacobs, Patricia A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gaver, DP (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dgaver@nps.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 EI 1879-0836 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 130 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2014.04.012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA AM0KF UT WOS:000339533800003 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Fackler, PL Pacifici, K Murphy, KD Nichols, JD AF Nichols, J. M. Fackler, P. L. Pacifici, K. Murphy, K. D. Nichols, J. D. TI Reducing fatigue damage for ships in transit through structured decision making SO MARINE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Structured Decision Making; Fatigue damage; Structural reliability ID MODEL; MANAGEMENT; CURVES; LIFE AB Research in structural monitoring has focused primarily on drawing inference about the health of a structure from the structure's response to ambient or applied excitation. Knowledge of the current state can then be used to predict structural integrity at a future time and, in principle, allows one to take action to improve safety, minimize ownership costs, and/or increase the operating envelope. While much time and effort has been devoted toward data collection and system identification, research to-date has largely avoided the question of how to choose an optimal maintenance plan. This work describes a structured decision making (SDM) process for taking available information (loading data, model output, etc.) and producing a plan of action for maintaining the structure. SDM allows the practitioner to specify his/her objectives and then solves for the decision that is optimal in the sense that it maximizes those objectives. To demonstrate, we consider the problem of a Naval vessel transiting a fixed distance in varying sea-state conditions. The physics of this problem are such that minimizing transit time increases the probability of fatigue failure in the structural supports. It is shown how SDM produces the optimal trip plan in the sense that it minimizes both transit time and probability of failure in the manner of our choosing (i.e., through a user-defined cost function). The example illustrates the benefit of SDM over heuristic approaches to maintaining the vessel. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Nichols, J. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fackler, P. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pacifici, K.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Murphy, K. D.] Univ Louisville, Dept Mech Engn, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Nichols, J. D.] US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-WX-2-1063] FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding from Dr. Paul Hess, Office of Naval Research, under the Ship Structure Reliability Program, contract no. N00014-12-WX-2-1063. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8339 EI 1873-4170 J9 MAR STRUCT JI Mar. Struct. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 38 BP 18 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.marstruc.2014.04.002 PG 26 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA AM1HY UT WOS:000339598200002 ER PT J AU Morrill, JS Floyd, L McMullin, D AF Morrill, J. S. Floyd, L. McMullin, D. TI Comparison of Solar UV Spectral Irradiance from SUSIM and SORCE SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar UV spectrum; Solar spectral irradiance; Space-based observations ID II SOLSTICE-II; MG-II; MONITOR SUSIM; SATIRE MODEL; VARIABILITY; ULTRAVIOLET; UARS; INDEX; CYCLE; NM AB Knowledge of solar spectral irradiance (SSI) is important in determining the impact of solar variability on climate. Observations of UV SSI have been made by the Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SUSIM) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), the Solar-Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE), and the Solar Irradiance Monitor (SIM), both on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite. Measurements by SUSIM and SORCE overlapped from 2003 to 2005. SUSIM and SORCE observations represent >= 20 years of absolute UV SSI. Unfortunately, significant differences exist between these two data sets. In particular, changes in SORCE UV SSI measurements, gathered at moderate and minimum solar activity, are a factor of two greater than the changes in SUSIM observations over the entire solar cycle. In addition, SORCE UV SSI have a substantially different relationship with the Mg ii index than did earlier UV SSI observations. Acceptance of these new SORCE results impose significant changes on our understanding of UV SSI variation. Alternatively, these differences in UV SSI observations indicate that some or all of these instruments have changes in instrument responsivity that are not fully accounted for by the current calibration. In this study, we compare UV SSI changes from SUSIM with those from SIM and SOLSTICE. The primary results are that (1) long-term observations by SUSIM and SORCE generally do not agree during the overlap period (2003 ->= 2005), (2) SUSIM observations during this overlap period are consistent with an SSI model based on Mg ii and early SUSIM SSI, and (3) when comparing the spectral irradiance for times of similar solar activity on either side of solar minimum, SUSIM observations show slight differences while the SORCE observations show variations that increase with time between spectra. Based on this work, we conclude that the instrument responsivity for SOLSTICE and SIM need to be reevaluated before these results can be used for climate-modeling studies. C1 [Morrill, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Floyd, L.] FM Technol, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [McMullin, D.] Space Syst Res Corp, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Morrill, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.morrill@nrl.navy.mil; linton4@gmail.com; donald.mcmullin@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA [NNH-10CC79C, NNH-05AB56I, W-10136]; International Space Science Institute (Bern) FX This effort was supported by NASA grants NNH-10CC79C, NNH-05AB56I, W-10136. The SORCE data were downloaded from the SORCE web site at (http://lasp.colorado.edu/sorce/data/data_product_summary.htm) and the SUSIM data were downloaded from (http://wwwsolar.nrl.navy.mil/uars/). All data sets were used without correction. One of us (L. Floyd) acknowledges support of the International Space Science Institute (Bern) while working with the international team on interpretation and modeling of SSI measurements. The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of L. Hutting in the preparation of various aspects of this paper. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 289 IS 10 BP 3641 EP 3661 DI 10.1007/s11207-014-0535-5 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AL8JQ UT WOS:000339384900003 ER PT J AU Kilpua, EKJ Mierla, M Zhukov, AN Rodriguez, L Vourlidas, A Wood, B AF Kilpua, E. K. J. Mierla, M. Zhukov, A. N. Rodriguez, L. Vourlidas, A. Wood, B. TI Solar Sources of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections During the Solar Cycle 23/24 Minimum SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejections; Solar wind; Corona Interplanetary coronal mass ejection ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; FLUX ROPE; 1 AU; PROTON TEMPERATURE; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; EARTH; STEREO; WIND; LASCO; ASSOCIATION AB We examine solar sources for 20 interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) observed in 2009 in the near-Earth solar wind. We performed a detailed analysis of coronagraph and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Our study shows that the coronagraph observations from viewpoints away from the Sun-Earth line are paramount to locate the solar sources of Earth-bound ICMEs during solar minimum. SOHO/LASCO detected only six CMEs in our sample, and only one of these CMEs was wider than 120(a similar to). This demonstrates that observing a full or partial halo CME is not necessary to observe the ICME arrival. Although the two STEREO spacecraft had the best possible configuration for observing Earth-bound CMEs in 2009, we failed to find the associated CME for four ICMEs, and identifying the correct CME was not straightforward even for some clear ICMEs. Ten out of 16 (63 %) of the associated CMEs in our study were "stealth" CMEs, i.e. no obvious EUV on-disk activity was associated with them. Most of our stealth CMEs also lacked on-limb EUV signatures. We found that stealth CMEs generally lack the leading bright front in coronagraph images. This is in accordance with previous studies that argued that stealth CMEs form more slowly and at higher coronal altitudes than non-stealth CMEs. We suggest that at solar minimum the slow-rising CMEs do not draw enough coronal plasma around them. These CMEs are hence difficult to discern in the coronagraphic data, even when viewed close to the plane of the sky. The weak ICMEs in our study were related to both intrinsically narrow CMEs and the non-central encounters of larger CMEs. We also demonstrate that narrow CMEs (angular widths >= 20(degrees)) can arrive at Earth and that an unstructured CME may result in a flux rope-type ICME. C1 [Kilpua, E. K. J.] Univ Helsinki, Div Geophys & Astron, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Mierla, M.; Zhukov, A. N.; Rodriguez, L.] Royal Observ Belgium, Solar Terr Ctr Excellence SIDC, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Mierla, M.] Acad Romana, Inst Geodynam, Bucharest 020032 37, Romania. [Zhukov, A. N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Vourlidas, A.; Wood, B.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kilpua, EKJ (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Div Geophys & Astron, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. EM Emilia.Kilpua@helsinki.fi RI Kilpua, Emilia/G-8994-2012; Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 FU European Union [263252]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) through the ESA-PRODEX program; CHARM framework (Contemporary physical challenges in Heliospheric and AstRophysical Models), a phase VII Interuniversity Attraction Pole (IAP) program; Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme; Belgian Science Policy Office [IAP P7/08 CHARM]; Academy of Finland [1218152] FX The LASCO CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. The authors thank the STEREO/SECCHI consortium for providing the data. The SECCHI data used here were produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut for Solar System Research (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France), and Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). LR partially contributes to the research for the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 263252 [COMESEP]. We acknowledge support from the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) through the ESA-PRODEX program. We acknowledge support from the CHARM framework (Contemporary physical challenges in Heliospheric and AstRophysical Models), a phase VII Interuniversity Attraction Pole (IAP) program organised by BELSPO. This research has been funded by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme initiated by the Belgian Science Policy Office (IAP P7/08 CHARM). EKJK acknowledges the Academy of Finland (project 1218152). MM would like to thank Eva Robbrecht and Elke D'Huys for constructive discussions on stealth CMEs. NR 69 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 289 IS 10 BP 3773 EP 3797 DI 10.1007/s11207-014-0552-4 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AL8JQ UT WOS:000339384900009 ER PT J AU Adams, IS Bettenhausen, MH Johnston, W AF Adams, Ian S. Bettenhausen, Michael H. Johnston, William TI The Impact of Radio-Frequency Interference on WindSat Ocean Surface Observations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Polarimetric radiometry; radio-frequency interference (RFI); WindSat ID MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; AMSR-E; MITIGATION; PERFORMANCE; DETECTOR; LAND AB To study the effects of radio-frequency interference (RFI) on remote sensing data, we examined five years of WindSat ocean observations from regions affected by reflected X-band emissions from geostationary communication satellites. We compared measured brightness temperatures to modeled brightness temperatures obtained using mitigated retrievals as input to the WindSat parameterized radiative transfer model, demonstrating a considerable contribution to the radiometric measurements from interference. Comparisons of potentially contaminated retrievals of sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed, and wind direction with surface reanalyses confirmed that the presence of RFI can bias retrievals while also increasing retrieval uncertainty. Mitigation removed most of the biases. The quality of mitigated SST and wind speed retrievals was comparable to uncontaminated retrievals; however, the performance of first-rank wind directions was noticeably degraded. Recommendations are given on the use of contaminated and mitigated data, from radiance assimilation to climate studies. C1 [Adams, Ian S.; Bettenhausen, Michael H.] US Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Johnston, William] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. RP Adams, IS (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ian.adams@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2014 VL 52 IS 10 BP 6665 EP 6673 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2300345 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AI8NC UT WOS:000337173200055 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Anson, CD Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Banerjee, A Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Borowski, W Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Brovko, SG Bultmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chwastowski, J Codrington, MJM Contin, G Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Cui, X Das, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Dhamija, S di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Ding, F Djawotho, P Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Engle, KS Eppley, G Eun, L Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Fedorisin, J Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Gliske, S Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Haque, R Harris, JW Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, HZ Huang, X Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kesich, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Kotchenda, L Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Don, DMMDM Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D McShane, TS Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nigmatkulov, G Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olvitt, DL Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peryt, W Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Przybycien, M Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Riley, CK Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Ross, JF Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Solanki, D Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Sun, X Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM Szelezniak, MA Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Turnau, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Vossen, A Wada, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, H Xu, J Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yan, W Yang, C Yang, Y Yang, Y Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zawisza, Y Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, JL Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anson, C. D. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Banerjee, A. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Brovko, S. G. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chwastowski, J. Codrington, M. J. M. Contin, G. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Cui, X. Das, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. Derradi de Souza, R. Dhamija, S. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Ding, F. Djawotho, P. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Engle, K. S. Eppley, G. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Fedorisin, J. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Gliske, S. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huang, X. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kesich, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Kotchenda, L. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olvitt, D. L., Jr. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Przybycien, M. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Riley, C. K. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ross, J. F. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szelezniak, M. A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Turnau, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Vossen, A. Wada, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, J. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yan, W. Yang, C. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yu, N. Zawisza, Y. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Observation of D-0 Meson Nuclear Modifications in Au plus Au Collisions at root(NN)-N-s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QCD MATTER; STAR; COLLABORATION; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA; CHARM AB We report the first measurement of charmed-hadron (D-0) production via the hadronic decay channel (D-0 -> K- + pi(+)) in Au + Au collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 200 GeV with the STAR experiment. The charm production cross section per nucleon- nucleon collision at midrapidity scales with the number of binary collisions, N-bin, from p + p to central Au + Au collisions. The D-0 meson yields in central Au + Au collisions are strongly suppressed compared to those in p + p scaled by N-bin, for transverse momenta p(T) > 3 GeV/c, demonstrating significant energy loss of charm quarks in the hot and dense medium. An enhancement at intermediate p(T) is also observed. Model calculations including strong charm-medium interactions and coalescence hadronization describe our measurements. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Przybycien, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Gliske, S.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Huang, B.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brovko, S. G.; Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Ding, F.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Haag, B.; Kesich, A.; Romero, J. L.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Derradi de Souza, R.; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, L.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Wu, Y. F.; Xu, J.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Kycia, R. A.] Cracow Univ Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige; McShane, T. S.; Ross, J. F.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Pachr, M.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. A.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Rusnak, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] FIAS, Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Sahu, P. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Dhamija, S.; Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Keane, D.; Lomnitz, M.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Taejon, South Korea. [Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Contin, G.; Dong, X.; Eun, L.; Greiner, L.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Shi, S. S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stevens, J. R.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Haque, R.; Kumar, L.; Mohanty, B.; Nasim, Md.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Anson, C. D.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Pawlik, B.; Turnau, J.] PAN, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Cendejas, R.; Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Garand, D.; Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Llope, W. J.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Chen, H. F.; Cui, X.; Guo, Y.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Yang, C.; Zawisza, Y.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Borowski, W.; Kabana, S.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D. L., Jr.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Djawotho, P.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Yan, W.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Engle, K. S.; Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Roy, A.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Putschke, J.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Riley, C. K.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. RI Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Kumar, Lokesh/A-6154-2010; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017 OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Kumar, Lokesh/0000-0002-2746-9840; Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418 FU Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; MoST of China (973 Program) [2014CB845400]; CAS; MoE of China; Korean Research Foundation; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the NNSFC, the MoST of China (973 Program No. 2014CB845400), CAS, the MoE of China, the Korean Research Foundation, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, National Research Foundation (Grant No. NRF-2012004024), the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 40 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 14 AR 142301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.142301 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AR6BA UT WOS:000343666500004 ER PT J AU Olson, K Ogloza, A Thomas, J Talghader, J AF Olson, K. Ogloza, A. Thomas, J. Talghader, J. TI High power laser heating of low absorption materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; BEAM AB A model is presented and confirmed experimentally that explains the anomalous behavior observed in continuous wave (CW) excitation of thermally isolated optics. Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) high reflective optical thin film coatings of HfO2 and SiO2 were prepared with a very low absorption, about 7 ppm, measured by photothermal common-path interferometry. When illuminated with a 17 kW CW laser for 30 s, the coatings survived peak irradiances of 13MW/cm(2), on 500 mu m diameter spot cross sections. The temperature profile of the optical surfaces was measured using a calibrated thermal imaging camera for illuminated spot sizes ranging from 500 mu m to 5 mm; about the same peak temperatures were recorded regardless of spot size. This phenomenon is explained by solving the heat equation for an optic of finite dimensions and taking into account the non-idealities of the experiment. An analytical result is also derived showing the relationship between millisecond pulse to CW laser operation where (1) the heating is proportional to the laser irradiance (W/m(2)) for millisecond pulses, (2) the heating is proportional to the beam radius (W/m) for CW, and (3) the heating is proportional to W/m.tan(-1) (root t/m) in the transition region between the two. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Olson, K.; Talghader, J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ogloza, A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Thomas, J.] Penn State Univ, Electro Opt Ctr, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. RP Talghader, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM joey@umn.edu FU Joint Technology Office (JTO) under Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-1030] FX We acknowledge the Joint Technology Office (JTO) for funding this research under Office of Naval Research Grant No. N00014-12-1-1030, and the Electro-Optics Center (EOC) at Penn State for the use of their laser and testing equipment. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 12 AR 123106 DI 10.1063/1.4896750 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AQ5HZ UT WOS:000342840000006 ER PT J AU Jacobs, VL AF Jacobs, V. L. TI Reduced-density-matrix description for pump-probe optical phenomena in moving atomic systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SLOW LIGHT; RELAXATION; RADIATION; FIELDS; STATES AB Linear and nonlinear (especially coherent) electromagnetic interactions of moving many-electron atoms are investigated using a reduced-density-matrix description, which is applied to electromagnetically induced transparency and related resonant pump-probe optical phenomena. External magnetic fields are included on an equal footing with the electromagnetic fields and spin-Zeeman interactions are taken into account. Complimentary time-domain (equation-of-motion) and frequency-domain (resolvent-operator) formulations of the reduced-density-matrix description are self-consistently developed. The general nonperturbative and non-Markovian formulations provide a fundamental framework for systematic evaluations of corrections to the standard Born (lowest-order-perturbation) and Markov (short-memory-time) approximations. The macroscopic electromagnetic response is described semiclassically, employing a perturbation expansion of the reduced-density operator in powers of the classical electromagnetic field. Our primary results are compact Liouville-space operator expressions for the linear and general (nth-order) nonlinear macroscopic electromagnetic-response tensors, which can be evaluated for nonlocal and nonstationary optical media described by multilevel atomic-system representations. Interactions among atoms and with environmental photons are treated as line-broadening effects by means of a general Liouville-space self-energy operator, for which the tetradic-matrix elements are explicitly evaluated in the diagonal, lowest-order, and Markov approximations. The compact Liouville-space operator expressions that are derived for the macroscopic electromagnetic-response tensors are introduced into the dynamical description of the electromagnetic-field propagation. It is pointed out that a quantized-electromagnetic-field approach will be required for a fully self-consistent quantum-mechanical treatment of local-field effects and radiative corrections. C1 Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research through the Basic Research Program at The Naval Research Laboratory FX Informative discussions with Z. Dutton, M. Bashkansky, M. Steiner, and J. Reintjes at the Naval Research Laboratory and also with R. W. Boyd, S. A. R. Horsley, S. E Harris, M. D. Lukin, and R. L. Walsworth are gratefully acknowledged. Financial support for this work was provided by The Office of Naval Research through the Basic Research Program at The Naval Research Laboratory. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP 24 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 3 AR 033841 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.033841 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AP5QG UT WOS:000342133100010 ER PT J AU Zhakhovsky, VV Budzevich, MM Landerville, AC Oleynik, II White, CT AF Zhakhovsky, Vasily V. Budzevich, Mikalai M. Landerville, Aaron C. Oleynik, Ivan I. White, Carter T. TI Laminar, cellular, transverse, and multiheaded pulsating detonations in condensed phase energetic materials from molecular dynamics simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-WAVE STRUCTURE; SPINNING DETONATION; GASES; NITROMETHANE AB The development of condensed-phase detonation instabilities is simulated using moving window molecular dynamics and a generic AB model of a high explosive. It is found that an initially planar detonation front with one-dimensional flow can become unstable through development of transverse perturbations resulting in highly inhomogeneous and complex two- and three-dimensional distributions of pressure and other variables within the detonation front. Chemical reactions are initiated in localized transverse shock fronts and Mach stems with a pressure and temperature higher than those predicted by classic Zel'dovich, von Neumann, and Doering detonation theory. The two-dimensional cellular and transverse and three-dimensional pulsating detonation structures are found by varying the physico-chemical properties of AB energetic material, sample geometry, and boundary conditions. The different regimes of condensed-phase detonation that can develop from instabilities within a planar detonation front exhibit structures, although at a much smaller scale, that are similar to those observed in gases and diluted liquids. C1 [Zhakhovsky, Vasily V.; Budzevich, Mikalai M.; Landerville, Aaron C.; Oleynik, Ivan I.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [White, Carter T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhakhovsky, VV (reprint author), Univ S Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM 6asi1z@gmail.com; oleynik@usf.edu; carter.white@nrl.navy.mil RI Zhakhovsky, Vasily/G-9560-2011; Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016 OI Zhakhovsky, Vasily/0000-0001-6620-6616; Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484 FU Naval Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation (NSF); Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX The work at USF and NRL was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research. The work at USF was also supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Simulations were performed using the NSF Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) facilities, the USF Research Computing Cluster, and the computational facilities of the Materials Simulation Laboratory at USF. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP 24 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 3 AR 033312 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.90.033312 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AP5VE UT WOS:000342146000009 PM 25314569 ER PT J AU Tatarova, E Dias, A Henriques, J do Rego, AMB Ferraria, AM Abrashev, MV Luhrs, CC Phillips, J Dias, FM Ferreira, CM AF Tatarova, E. Dias, A. Henriques, J. Botelho do Rego, A. M. Ferraria, A. M. Abrashev, M. V. Luhrs, C. C. Phillips, J. Dias, F. M. Ferreira, C. M. TI Microwave plasmas applied for the synthesis of free standing graphene sheets SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE graphene; microwave plasma; ethanol ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; GRAPHITE OXIDE; BEHAVIOR; STORAGE AB Self-standing graphene sheets were synthesized using microwave plasmas driven by surface waves at 2.45 GHz stimulating frequency and atmospheric pressure. The method is based on injecting ethanol molecules through a microwave argon plasma environment, where decomposition of ethanol molecules takes place. The evolution of the ethanol decomposition was studied in situ by plasma emission spectroscopy. Free gas-phase carbon atoms created in the plasma diffuse into colder zones, both in radial and axial directions, and aggregate into solid carbon nuclei. The main part of the solid carbon is gradually withdrawn from the hot region of the plasma in the outlet plasma stream where nanostructures assemble and grow. Externally forced heating in the assembly zone of the plasma reactor has been applied to engineer the structural qualities of the assembled nanostructures. The synthesized graphene sheets have been analysed by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of sp(3) carbons is reduced by increasing the gas temperature in the assembly zone of the plasma reactor. As a general trend, the number of mono-layers decreases when the wall temperature increases from 60 to 100 degrees C. The synthesized graphene sheets are stable and highly ordered. C1 [Tatarova, E.; Dias, A.; Henriques, J.; Dias, F. M.; Ferreira, C. M.] Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, Inst Plasmas & Nucl Fus, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Botelho do Rego, A. M.; Ferraria, A. M.] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Quim Fis Mol, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Botelho do Rego, A. M.; Ferraria, A. M.] Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, IN, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Abrashev, M. V.] Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. [Luhrs, C. C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Phillips, J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tatarova, E (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, Inst Plasmas & Nucl Fus, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. EM e.tatarova@ist.utl.pt RI Ferraria, Ana Maria/D-9186-2015; Henriques, Julio/K-6576-2015; Rego, Ana/L-4670-2013; Abrashev, Miroslav/B-4273-2008; OI Ferraria, Ana Maria/0000-0002-6784-6540; Henriques, Julio/0000-0002-0395-1835; Rego, Ana/0000-0002-3131-4219; Abrashev, Miroslav/0000-0002-2571-7863; Dias, Francisco/0000-0002-4175-1973; Tatarova, Elena/0000-0002-9444-0159 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [Pest-OE/SADG/LA0010/2013] FX Work was partially supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Project Pest-OE/SADG/LA0010/2013). NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 43 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD SEP 24 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 38 AR 385501 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/47/38/385501 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AP0RP UT WOS:000341771100018 ER PT J AU Susumu, K Oh, E Delehanty, JB Pinaud, F Gemmill, KB Walper, S Breger, J Schroeder, MJ Stewart, MH Jain, V Whitaker, CM Huston, AL Medintz, IL AF Susumu, Kimihiro Oh, Eunkeu Delehanty, James B. Pinaud, Fabien Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman Walper, Scott Breger, Joyce Schroeder, Maria J. Stewart, Michael H. Jain, Vaibhav Whitaker, Craig M. Huston, Alan L. Medintz, Igor L. TI A New Family of Pyridine-Appended Multidentate Polymers As Hydrophilic Surface Ligands for Preparing Stable Biocompatible Quantum Dots SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; PHASE-TRANSFER; ZWITTERIONIC LIGANDS; HIGHLY LUMINESCENT; PHOTOCHEMICAL INSTABILITY; MULTIFUNCTIONAL LIGANDS; INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; REMAINING ISSUES AB The growing utility of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in biochemical and cellular research necessitates, in turn, continuous development of surface functionalizing ligands to optimize their performance for ever more challenging and diverse biological applications. Here, we describe a new class of multifunctional polymeric ligands as a stable, compact and high affinity alternative to multidentate thiolated molecules. The polymeric ligands are designed with a poly(acrylic acid) backbone where pyridines are used as anchoring groups that are not sensitive to degradation by air and light, along with short poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) pendant groups which are coincorporated for aqueous solubility, biocompatibility and colloidal stability. The percentages of each of the latter functional groups are controlled during initial synthesis along with incorporation of carboxyl groups which serve as chemical handles for subsequent covalent modification of the QD surface. A detailed physicochemical characterization indicates that the multiple pyridine groups are efficiently bound on the QD surface since they provide for relatively small overall hydrodynamic sizes along with good colloidal stability and strong fluorescence over a wide pH range, under high salt concentration and in extremely dilute conditions at room temperature under room light over extended timeframes. Covalent conjugation of dyes and metal-affinity coordination with functional enzymes to the QD surfaces were also demonstrated. Biocompatibility and long-term stability of the pyridine polymer coated QDs were then confirmed in a battery of relevant assays including cellular delivery by both microinjection and peptide facilitated uptake along with intracellular single QD tracking studies and cytotoxicity testing. Cumulatively, these results suggest this QD functionalization strategy is a viable alternative that provides some desirable properties of both compact, discrete ligands and large amphiphilic polymers. C1 [Susumu, Kimihiro; Oh, Eunkeu; Stewart, Michael H.; Jain, Vaibhav; Huston, Alan L.] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Delehanty, James B.; Gemmill, Kelly Boeneman; Walper, Scott; Breger, Joyce; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Oh, Eunkeu] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. [Pinaud, Fabien] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Pinaud, Fabien] Univ So Calif, Dept Phys & Astron, Dana & David Dornsife Coll Letters Arts & Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Breger, Joyce] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Schroeder, Maria J.; Whitaker, Craig M.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Susumu, K (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kimihiro.susumu.ctr.ja@nrl.navy.mil; Igor.Medintz@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); NRL Institute for Nanoscience (NSI); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Office of Naval Research (ONR); Army Research Office/Defence Threat Reduction Agency (ARO/DTRA) FX The authors acknowledge Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), the NRL Institute for Nanoscience (NSI), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Office of Naval Research (ONR), and Army Research Office/Defence Threat Reduction Agency (ARO/DTRA) for financial support. We thank the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab for the support of TEM measurements, and Mr. S. MacDonald at Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD), Inc. (Toronto, Canada) for assistance with pKa determinations. NR 95 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 13 U2 92 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP 23 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 18 BP 5327 EP 5344 DI 10.1021/cm502386f PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AP6JU UT WOS:000342184900021 ER PT J AU Breckenfeld, E Bronn, N Mason, N Martin, LW AF Breckenfeld, E. Bronn, N. Mason, N. Martin, L. W. TI Tunability of conduction at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface: Thickness and compositional studies SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; OXIDE HETEROSTRUCTURES; THIN-FILMS; INTERFACES AB The role of chemistry, film thickness, and oxygen pressure in influencing the electrical and thermal transport properties of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces is explored. Unit-cell precise growth was accomplished for films between 3 and 160 unit cells thick using reflection high-energy electron diffraction-assisted pulsed-laser deposition. Subsequent temperature-dependent studies of electrical resistivity reveal three important observations: (1) by tuning the laser fluence, we can systematically tune the interfacial conductance in a step-wise manner in this system, (2) all films exhibit a critical thickness of 3-4 unit cells for the onset of conduction, and (3) the nature of the conductance is highly influenced by the stoichiometry of the LaAlO3 film with La-deficient samples showing dramatic changes with thickness, while stoichiometric and La-excess films show little dependence. Time-domain thermoreflectance studies show a diminished interfacial thermal conductance for the La-deficient films when compared to La-excess and stoichiometric films, suggesting that the interfacial conductance is more influenced by extrinsic factors such as oxygen deficiency. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Breckenfeld, E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Breckenfeld, E.; Bronn, N.; Mason, N.] Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Breckenfeld, E.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bronn, N.; Mason, N.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bronn, N.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Martin, L. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Martin, L. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Breckenfeld, E (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Martin, Lane/H-2409-2011 OI Martin, Lane/0000-0003-1889-2513 FU National Science Foundation; Nanoelectronics Research Initiative [DMR-1124696] FX E.B., N.B., N.M.. and L.W.M. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation and the Nanoelectronics Research Initiative under Grant DMR-1124696. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 22 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 12 AR 121610 DI 10.1063/1.4896778 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AQ7NL UT WOS:000343004400025 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Albert, A Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bottacini, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caragiulo, M Caraveo, PA Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A de Palma, F Dermer, CD Digel, SW Di Venere, L Silva, EDE Drell, PS Favuzzi, C Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Godfrey, G Gomez-Vargas, GA Grenier, IA Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Harding, AK Hays, E Hewitt, JW Hou, X Jogler, T Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Kataoka, J Knodlseder, J Kocevski, D Kuss, M Larsson, S Latronico, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Malyshev, D Manfreda, A Massaro, F Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nemmen, R Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Petrosian, V Piron, F Pivato, G Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Sanchez-Conde, M Schaal, M Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stawarz, L Strong, AW Suson, DJ Tahara, M Takahashi, H Thayer, JB Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Torres, DF Tosti, G Troja, E Uchiyama, Y Vianello, G Werner, M Winer, BL Wood, KS Wood, M Zaharijas, G AF Ackermann, M. Albert, A. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P. A. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Digel, S. W. Di Venere, L. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Favuzzi, C. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Godfrey, G. Gomez-Vargas, G. A. Grenier, I. A. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Harding, A. K. Hays, E. Hewitt, J. W. Hou, X. Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Kataoka, J. Knoedlseder, J. Kocevski, D. Kuss, M. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Malyshev, D. Manfreda, A. Massaro, F. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Sanchez-Conde, M. Schaal, M. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stawarz, Lukasz Strong, A. W. Suson, D. J. Tahara, M. Takahashi, H. Thayer, J. B. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Uchiyama, Y. Vianello, G. Werner, M. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Zaharijas, G. TI THE SPECTRUM AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE FERMI BUBBLES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astroparticle physics; cosmic rays; Galaxy: general; Galaxy: halo; gamma rays: diffuse background; methods: data analysis ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; COSMIC-RAY PROPAGATION; CONTINUUM GAMMA-RAYS; P-P INTERACTION; MILKY-WAY; X-RAY; ASTRONOMICAL ENVIRONMENTS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; COMPTON-SCATTERING; HELIUM SPECTRA AB The Fermi bubbles are two large structures in the gamma-ray sky extending to 55 degrees above and below the Galactic center. We analyze 50 months of Fermi Large Area Telescope data between 100MeV and 500 GeV above 10 degrees in Galactic latitude to derive the spectrum and morphology of the Fermi bubbles. We thoroughly explore the systematic uncertainties that arise when modeling the Galactic diffuse emission through two separate approaches. The gamma-ray spectrum is well described by either a log parabola or a power law with an exponential cutoff. We exclude a simple power law with more than 7 sigma significance. The power law with an exponential cutoff has an index of 1.9 +/- 0.2 and a cutoff energy of 110 +/- 50 GeV. We find that the gamma-ray luminosity of the bubbles is 4.4(-0.9)(+2.4) x 10(37) erg s(-1). We confirm a significant enhancement of gamma-ray emission in the southeastern part of the bubbles, but we do not find significant evidence for a jet. No significant variation of the spectrum across the bubbles is detected. The width of the boundary of the bubbles is estimated to be 3.4(-2.6)(+3.7) deg. Both inverse Compton (IC) models and hadronic models including IC emission from secondary leptons fit the gamma-ray data well. In the IC scenario, synchrotron emission from the same population of electrons can also explain the WMAP and Planck microwave haze with a magnetic field between 5 and 20 mu G. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Albert, A.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Godfrey, G.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Malyshev, D.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Petrosian, V.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Albert, A.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Funk, S.; Godfrey, G.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Malyshev, D.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Petrosian, V.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Sanchez-Conde, M.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Kuss, M.; Manfreda, A.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Sgro, C.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA Saclay, CEA IRFU,Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Pivato, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.; Zaharijas, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.; Zaharijas, G.] Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Ferrara, E. C.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Kocevski, D.; McEnery, J. E.; Nemmen, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bregeon, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, IN2P3, CNRS, Lab Univ & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Bruel, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Caragiulo, M.; de Palma, F.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.] INAF, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wood, K. S.] Div Space Sci, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Fukazawa, Y.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.; Morselli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Gomez-Vargas, G. A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dipartimento Fis, Santiago, Chile. [Hadasch, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hadasch, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hewitt, J. W.; Nemmen, R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.; Nemmen, R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.; Nemmen, R.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.; Nemmen, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hou, X.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Kataoka, J.; Tahara, M.] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, IRAP, UPS OMP, GAHEC, Toulouse, France. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Massaro, F.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Massaro, F.] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mitthumsiri, W.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Murgia, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Razzaque, S.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Phys, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. [Schaal, M.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Stawarz, Lukasz] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Stawarz, Lukasz] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEE, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zaharijas, G.] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34151 Trieste, Italy. RP Ackermann, M (reprint author), DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM afrancko@slac.stanford.edu; malyshev@stanford.edu; vahep@stanford.edu RI Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Gomez-Vargas, German/C-7138-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; OI Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726 FU Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) [FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1F] FX Funded by contract FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1F from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR). NR 66 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2014 VL 793 IS 1 AR 64 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/793/1/64 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AO4IW UT WOS:000341301700064 ER PT J AU Ansdell, M Meech, KJ Hainaut, O Buie, MW Kaluna, H Bauer, J Dundon, L AF Ansdell, Megan Meech, Karen J. Hainaut, Olivier Buie, Marc W. Kaluna, Heather Bauer, James Dundon, Luke TI REFINED ROTATIONAL PERIOD, POLE SOLUTION, AND SHAPE MODEL FOR (3200) PHAETHON SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE minor planets, asteroids: individual (3200 Phaethon); techniques: photometric ID ASTEROID LIGHTCURVE INVERSION; NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS; OPTIMIZATION METHODS; STREAM; OBJECTS; PARENT AB (3200) Phaethon exhibits both comet-and asteroid-like properties, suggesting it could be a rare transitional object such as a dormant comet or previously volatile-rich asteroid. This justifies detailed study of (3200) Phaethon's physical properties as a better understanding of asteroid-comet transition objects can provide insight into minor body evolution. We therefore acquired time series photometry of (3200) Phaethon over 15 nights from 1994 to 2013, primarily using the Tektronix 2048 x 2048 pixel CCD on the University of Hawaii 2.2 m telescope. We utilized light curve inversion to (1) refine (3200) Phaethon's rotational period to P = 3.6032 +/- 0.0008 hr; (2) estimate a rotational pole orientation of lambda = +85 degrees +/- 13 degrees and beta = -20 degrees +/- 10 degrees.; and (3) derive a shape model. We also used our extensive light curve data set to estimate the slope parameter of (3200) Phaethon's phase curve as G similar to 0.06, consistent with C-type asteroids. We discuss how this highly oblique pole orientation with a negative ecliptic latitude supports previous evidence for (3200) Phaethon's origin in the inner main asteroid belt as well as the potential for deeply buried volatiles fueling impulsive yet rare cometary outbursts. C1 [Ansdell, Megan; Meech, Karen J.; Kaluna, Heather] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ansdell, Megan; Meech, Karen J.; Kaluna, Heather] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hainaut, Olivier] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Buie, Marc W.] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Bauer, James] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dundon, Luke] US Navy, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Ansdell, M (reprint author), NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM mansdell@ifa.hawaii.edu OI Ansdell, Megan/0000-0003-4142-9842 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNA04CC08A]; NASA [NAGW 5015, NAG5-4495, NNX07A044G, NNX13A151G, NNX07AF79G] FX We thank the referee for the very detailed review of this work, which greatly improved the paper. We are extremely grateful to the telescope staff of UH88 and Lowell Observatory, without whom this work would not have been possible. A special thanks to Michael Belton for his insightful feedback on short notice. We also thank Josef Durech and his collaborators, who kindly provided the MATLAB code used to generate the shape model visualization. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NASA Astrobiology Institute under Cooperative Agreement No. NNA04CC08A issued through the Office of Space Science, by NASA grant Nos. NAGW 5015, NAG5-4495, NNX07A044G, NNX13A151G, and NNX07AF79G. Image processing was done in part using the IRAF software. IRAF is distributed by the National Optical Astronomy Observatories, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2014 VL 793 IS 1 AR 50 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/793/1/50 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AO4IW UT WOS:000341301700050 ER PT J AU Fromm, M Kablick, G Nedoluha, G Carboni, E Grainger, R Campbell, J Lewis, J AF Fromm, M. Kablick, G., III Nedoluha, G. Carboni, E. Grainger, R. Campbell, J. Lewis, J. TI Correcting the record of volcanic stratospheric aerosol impact: Nabro and Sarychev Peak SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID IASI MEASUREMENTS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; CLOUD; ERUPTION; SATELLITE; SYSTEM; LIDAR AB Since 2010, several papers have been published that reveal a pattern of discrepancies between stratospheric aerosol data from the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) instrument and other measurements and model simulations of volcanic plumes from Kasatochi, Sarychev Peak, and Nabro volcanoes. OSIRIS measurements show two discrepancies, a posteruption lag in aerosol onset/increase and a low bias in maximum stratospheric aerosol optical depth. Assumed robustness of the OSIRIS data drove various conclusions, some controversial, such as the contention that the June 2011 Nabro plume was strictly tropospheric, and entered the stratosphere indirectly via the Asian monsoon. Those conclusions were driven by OSIRIS data and a Smithsonian Institution report of strictly tropospheric injection heights. We address the issue of Nabro's eruption chronology and injection height, and the reasons for the OSIRIS aerosol discrepancies. We lay out the time line of Nabro injection height with geostationary image data, and stratospheric plume evolution after eruption onset using retrievals of sulfur dioxide and sulfate aerosol. The observations show that Nabro injected sulfur directly to or above the tropopause upon the initial eruption on 12/13 June and again on 16 June 2011. Next, OSIRIS data are examined for nonvolcanic and volcanically perturbed conditions. In nonvolcanic conditions OSIRIS profiles systematically terminate 1-4 km above the tropopause. Additionally, OSIRIS profiles terminate when 750 nm aerosol extinction exceeds similar to 0.0025 km(-1), a level that is commonly exceeded after volcanic injections. Our findings largely resolve the discrepancies in published works involving OSIRIS aerosol data and offer a correction to the Nabro injection-height and eruption chronology. C1 [Fromm, M.; Kablick, G., III; Nedoluha, G.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Carboni, E.; Grainger, R.] Univ Oxford, COMET, Oxford, England. [Campbell, J.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Lewis, J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Fromm, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Grainger, Roy/E-8823-2011 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Grainger, Roy/0000-0003-0709-1315 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) National Centre for Earth Observation; NERC Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics; NERC VANAHEIM [NE/1015592/1] FX We thank Richard Bankert for assistance with Meteosat TIR data acquisition and Mike Pavolonis for helpful discussion of Nabro's eruption altitude. John Barnes provided the Mauna Loa lidar data. Lubna Bitar provided Dalhousie University lidar extinction data. Arnon Karnieli is the principal investigator of Sde Boker's MPL and made these data available. We are grateful for the diligent efforts of three reviewers and thoughtful handling of this paper by the editors. Radiosonde data were gotten from University of Wyoming College of Engineering, http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html. E. C. and R. G. G. acknowledge funding from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) National Centre for Earth Observation, the NERC Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics, and the NERC VANAHEIM project NE/1015592/1. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 17 DI 10.1002/2014JD021507 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ6IN UT WOS:000342914200016 ER PT J AU Kalisch, S Preusse, P Ern, M Eckermann, SD Riese, M AF Kalisch, Silvio Preusse, Peter Ern, Manfred Eckermann, Stephen D. Riese, Martin TI Differences in gravity wave drag between realistic oblique and assumed vertical propagation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CRYOGENIC INFRARED SPECTROMETERS; ATMOSPHERE CRISTA EXPERIMENT; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MOMENTUM DEPOSITION; BASIC FORMULATION; SABER EXPERIMENT; CLIMATE MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; SPECTRUM AB Gravity wave (GW) parametrizations for general circulation models (GCMs) restrict the propagation of GWs to the vertical direction. The influence of this vertical-only propagation assumption on the distribution of GW drag (GWD) has not yet been investigated. Thus, we present results of two global GW ray tracing simulations, one with full three-dimensional propagation (GWO) and a second one with vertical-only propagation (GWV) of GWs for January and July 2008. The Gravity wave Regional Or Global RAy Tracer (GROGRAT) was used to perform these simulations with a global homogeneous and isotropic launch distribution. Both simulations, GWO and GWV, are analyzed with respect to GWD in the zonal and meridional direction. The location of zonal GWD maxima changes. GWO shows in comparison to GWV a poleward shift of zonal GWD in both seasons with increased GWD at the summer stratopause. The meridional GWD is much stronger in the GWO case, spatially correlated with the zonal drag, and is generally poleward directed. These features in zonal and meridional drag are consistent with a general prevalence of poleward propagation of GWs. Additional simulations suggest that this is due to the Coriolis effect as well as wind filtering around the tropopause, allowing more GWs to propagate into the middle atmosphere. We infer how GWs of different horizontal wavelengths and phase speeds cause the main differences in GWD in the middle atmosphere. A simple test for GCMs is proposed to assess the effects of the altered meridional drag on the general circulation and the interaction with planetary waves. C1 [Kalisch, Silvio; Preusse, Peter; Ern, Manfred; Riese, Martin] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Stratosphere IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Eckermann, Stephen D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Kalisch, S (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Stratosphere IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM s.kalisch@fz-juelich.de RI Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013; Ern, Manfred/I-8839-2016; Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013 OI Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493; Ern, Manfred/0000-0002-8565-2125; Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965 FU Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) International Reference Atmosphere [CIRA-86] FX NOGAPS-ALPHA data used for this study were provided by Stephen D. Eckermann, NRL (stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil). CIRA data were provided by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA-86) Project. NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 17 DI 10.1002/2014JD021779 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ6IN UT WOS:000342914200001 ER PT J AU Liu, JL Dixit, AB Robertson, KL Qiao, E Black, LW AF Liu, Jinny L. Dixit, Aparna Banerjee Robertson, Kelly L. Qiao, Eric Black, Lindsay W. TI Viral nanoparticle-encapsidated enzyme and restructured DNA for cell delivery and gene expression SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE terminase; DNA packaging; capsid decoration proteins; Soc; Hoc ID BACTERIOPHAGE-T4 HEAD; FOREIGN PROTEINS; IN-VIVO; TERMINASE; DISPLAY; MOTOR; SOC AB Packaging specific exogenous active proteins and DNAs together within a single viral-nanocontainer is challenging. The bacteriophage T4 capsid (100 x 70 nm) is well suited for this purpose, because it can hold a single long DNA or multiple short pieces of DNA up to 170 kb packed together with more than 1,000 protein molecules. Any linear DNA can be packaged in vitro into purified procapsids. The capsid-targeting sequence (CTS) directs virtually any protein into the procapsid. Procapsids are assembled with specific CTS-directed exogenous proteins that are encapsidated before the DNA. The capsid also can display on its surface high-affinity eukaryotic cell-binding peptides or proteins that are in fusion with small outer capsid and head outer capsid surface-decoration proteins that can be added in vivo or in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that the site-specific recombinase cyclic recombination (Cre) targeted into the procapsid is enzymatically active within the procapsid and recircularizes linear plasmid DNA containing two terminal loxP recognition sites when packaged in vitro. mCherry expression driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter in the capsid containing Cre-circularized DNA is enhanced over linear DNA, as shown in recipient eukaryotic cells. The efficient and specific packaging into capsids and the unpackaging of both DNA and protein with release of the enzymatically altered protein-DNA complexes from the nanoparticles into cells have potential in numerous downstream drug and gene therapeutic applications. C1 [Liu, Jinny L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dixit, Aparna Banerjee; Black, Lindsay W.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Robertson, Kelly L.] Engility Corp, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Qiao, Eric] US Naval Res Lab, Sci & Engn Apprenticeship Program, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, JL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jinny.liu@nrl.navy.mil; lblack@umaryland.edu FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) funding; NRL Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program; National Institutes of Health Grant [RO1 AI011676] FX We thank the late Dr. N. Sternberg for his gift of phage lambda i434cre+, Dr. Leonard Mindich for his gift of phage Phi 6, and Drs. J. A. Thomas and J. M. Mullaney for their valuable comments on the manuscript. J. L. L. and K. L. R. were supported by Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) funding, E. Q. was supported by the NRL Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program, and L.W.B. and A.B.D. were supported by National Institutes of Health Grant RO1 AI011676. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 23 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 16 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 37 BP 13319 EP 13324 DI 10.1073/pnas.1321940111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO8UH UT WOS:000341630000032 PM 25161284 ER PT J AU Basu, R AF Basu, Rajratan TI Effects of graphene on electro-optic switching and spontaneous polarization of a ferroelectric liquid crystal SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES AB A small quantity of graphene flakes was doped in a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC), and the field-induced fenoelectric electro-optic switching was found to be significantly faster in the FLC + graphene hybrid than that of the pure FLC. Further studies revealed that the suspended graphene flakes enhanced the FLC's spontaneous polarization by improving smectic-C ordering resulting from the pi-pi electron stacking, and reduced rotation viscosity by trapping some of the free ions of the FLC media. These effects coherently impacted the FLC-switching phenotnenon, enabling the FLC molecules to switch faster on reversing an external electric field. (C) 2014 ALP Publishing LLC. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Soft Matter & Nanomat Lab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Basu, R (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Soft Matter & Nanomat Lab, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM basu@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research (Division 312: Electronics. Sensors and Network Research) [N0001414WX20791] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Division 312: Electronics. Sensors and Network Research) under Award No N0001414WX20791. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 11 AR 112905 DI 10.1063/1.4896112 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AQ7LC UT WOS:000342995800063 ER PT J AU Drake, LA Tamburri, MN First, MR Smith, GJ Johengen, TH AF Drake, Lisa A. Tamburri, Mario N. First, Matthew R. Smith, G. Jason Johengen, Thomas H. TI How many organisms are in ballast water discharge? A framework for validating and selecting compliance monitoring tools SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Chlorophyll a; Enforcement; Policy; Variable fluorescence AB As regulations governing the discharge of living organisms in ships' ballast water enter into force, tools to rapidly and easily measure compliance with the discharge standards will be essential. To assess, validate, and select compliance tools, a framework-consisting of three parts-is presented: proof-of-concept, validation and verification, and final selection stages. Next, a case study describing the proof-of-concept stage is discussed. Specifically, variable fluorescence was evaluated as an approach for determining compliance with the discharge standard for living organisms >= 10 mu m and <50 mu m (typically protists). Preliminary laboratory experiments were conducted, which were followed by an expert workshop to gauge the feasibility of this approach and propose hypothetical thresholds indicating when the discharge standard is undoubtedly exceeded. Subsequently, field trials were conducted to assess this approach and recommended thresholds. All results were favorable, indicating the validation and verification stages are merited to further evaluate fluorometers as compliance monitoring tools. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Drake, Lisa A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Key West, FL 33041 USA. [Tamburri, Mario N.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [First, Matthew R.] Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Smith, G. Jason] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Johengen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Drake, LA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6136, Key West, FL 33041 USA. EM lisa.drake@nrl.navy.mil OI First, Matthew/0000-0003-1330-3353; First, Matt/0000-0003-3465-2376 FU U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Environmental Standards Division (CG-OES-3) [MIPR HSCG23-12-X-MMS321]; U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD); MARAD FX This work was funded by the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Environmental Standards Division (CG-OES-3), MIPR HSCG23-12-X-MMS321, Task 5.7, and the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD). This report does not represent the official policy of the USCG or MARAD. We thank Richard Everett and Regina Bergner (USCG CG-OES-3) and Carolyn Junemann (MARAD) for their advice and programmatic support. We thank Scott Riley and Stephanie Robbins-Wamsley for conducting the laboratory experiments at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); that work was supported by Diane Lysogorski (Section Head, NRL Code 6136 and Director, Center for Corrosion Science and Engineering, Key West, FL). We also thank Heidi Purcell and Tanya Novak for assistance with the field experiments in Monterey Bay, which were supported by MARAD. Reviews of this manuscript by Earle Buckley (MERC), Diane Lysogorski (NRL), and Richard Colton (Superintendent, Chemistry Division, NRL) improved it-thank you. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP 15 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.034 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ5PC UT WOS:000342860100026 PM 25110047 ER PT J AU Qiao, J Casalini, R Pelletier, JM AF Qiao, Jichao Casalini, Riccardo Pelletier, Jean-Marc TI Effect of physical aging on Johari-Goldstein relaxation in La-based bulk metallic glass SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; MECHANICAL SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC MOBILITY; LIQUIDS; MODEL AB The influence of physical aging on the beta relaxation in La60Ni15Al25 bulk metallic glass has been investigated by mechanical spectroscopy. The amplitude of the beta relaxation (Delta G'') decreases while its relaxation time (tau(beta)) increases during aging. We find that, as in organic glasses, the changes of ln (tau(beta)) and ln (Delta G(max)) are linearly correlated with ln (tau(beta)) = b -a ln (G''(max)). This behavior is discussed in term of the asymmetric double-well potential (ADWP) model, with U and Delta the energies characterizing the ADWP. It is suggested that during aging the ratio U/Delta remains approximately constant, with a value close to the coefficient describing the linear correlation between ln (tau(beta)) and ln (G''(max))(U/Delta similar to a). Moreover, the evolution versus aging time of Delta G(max) can be described by a simple stretched exponential equation giving values of tau(aging) consistent with tan(delta) measurements during aging. The very similar behavior of the beta relaxation during aging in metallic glasses and organic material strongly suggests a common nature for this relaxation. (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Qiao, Jichao; Pelletier, Jean-Marc] Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, MATEIS UMR5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. [Casalini, Riccardo] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM riccardo.casalini@nrl.navy.mil; jean-marc.pelletier@insa-lyon.fr FU Centre National de la RechercheScientifique (CNRS); Office of Naval Research FX One of the authors, J. C. Qiao, would like to thank the Centre National de la RechercheScientifique (CNRS) for providing the post-doctoral financial support. R. Casalini acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research for the work at NRL. We thank W. H. Wang's group (Institute of Physics, CAS) for providing the sample. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 14 PY 2014 VL 141 IS 10 AR 104510 DI 10.1063/1.4895396 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AP6TA UT WOS:000342209400048 PM 25217940 ER PT J AU Walper, SA Liu, JL Zabetakis, D Anderson, GP Goldman, ER AF Walper, Scott A. Liu, Jinny L. Zabetakis, Daniel Anderson, George P. Goldman, Ellen R. TI Development and Evaluation of Single Domain Antibodies for Vaccinia and the L1 Antigen SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-CHAIN ANTIBODIES; THERMAL-STABILITY; DISULFIDE BOND; VIRUS; PROTEIN; FRAGMENTS; SELECTION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; STABILIZATION; IMMUNOGENICITY AB There is ongoing interest to develop high affinity, thermal stable recognition elements to replace conventional antibodies in biothreat detection assays. As part of this effort, single domain antibodies that target vaccinia virus were developed. Two llamas were immunized with killed viral particles followed by boosts with the recombinant membrane protein, L1, to stimulate the immune response for envelope and membrane proteins of the virus. The variable domains of the induced heavy chain antibodies were selected from M13 phage display libraries developed from isolated RNA. Selection via biopanning on the L1 antigen produced single domain antibodies that were specific and had affinities ranging from 4x10(-9) M to 7.0x10(-10) M, as determined by surface plasmon resonance. Several showed good ability to refold after heat denaturation. These L1-binding single domain antibodies, however, failed to recognize the killed vaccinia antigen. Useful vaccinia binding single domain antibodies were isolated by a second selection using the killed virus as the target. The virus binding single domain antibodies were incorporated in sandwich assays as both capture and tracer using the MAGPIX system yielding limits of detection down to 4x10(5) pfu/ml, a four-fold improvement over the limit obtained using conventional antibodies. This work demonstrates the development of anti-vaccinia single domain antibodies and their incorporation into sandwich assays for viral detection. It also highlights the properties of high affinity and thermal stability that are hallmarks of single domain antibodies. C1 [Walper, Scott A.; Liu, Jinny L.; Zabetakis, Daniel; Anderson, George P.; Goldman, Ellen R.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ellen.goldman@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [CBCALL12-DIAGB5-2-0037] FX Funding for this project was provided by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency CBCALL12-DIAGB5-2-0037. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 11 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e106263 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0106263 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AP1UA UT WOS:000341855900009 PM 25211488 ER PT J AU David, LP Lim, J Forman, W Vrtilek, J Combes, F Salome, P Edge, A Hamer, S Jones, C Sun, M O'Sullivan, E Gastaldello, F Bardelli, S Temi, P Schmitt, H Ohyama, Y Mathews, W Brighenti, F Giacintucci, S Trung, DV AF David, Laurence P. Lim, Jeremy Forman, William Vrtilek, Jan Combes, Francoise Salome, Philippe Edge, Alastair Hamer, Stephen Jones, Christine Sun, Ming O'Sullivan, Ewan Gastaldello, Fabio Bardelli, Sandro Temi, Pasquale Schmitt, Henrique Ohyama, Youichi Mathews, William Brighenti, Fabrizio Giacintucci, Simona Trung, Dinh-V TI MOLECULAR GAS IN THE X-RAY BRIGHT GROUP NGC 5044 AS REVEALED BY ALMA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: groups: individual (NGC 5044); galaxies: ISM ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; GALACTIC NUCLEUS FEEDBACK; CENTRAL CLUSTER GALAXIES; COOLING FLOW CLUSTERS; STAR-FORMATION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; SPITZER OBSERVATIONS; LUMINOUS CLUSTERS; HIGH-RESOLUTION AB An ALMA observation of the early-type galaxy NGC 5044, which resides at the center of an X-ray bright group with a moderate cooling flow, detected 24 molecular structures within the central 2.5 kpc. The masses of the molecular structures vary from 3 x 10(5) M-circle dot to 10(7) M-circle dot and the CO(2-1) linewidths vary from 15 to 65 km s(-1). Given the large CO(2-1) linewidths, the observed structures are likely giant molecular associations (GMAs) and not individual giant molecular clouds (GMCs). Only a few of the GMAs are spatially resolved and the average density of these GMAs yields a GMC volume filling factor of about 15%. The masses of the resolved GMAs are insufficient for them to be gravitationally bound, however, the most massive GMA does contain a less massive component with a linewidth of 5.5 km s(-1) (typical of an individual virialized GMC). We also show that the GMAs cannot be pressure confined by the hot gas. Given the CO(2-1) linewidths of the GMAs (i.e., the velocity dispersion of the embedded GMCs) they should disperse on a timescale of about 12 Myr. No disk-like molecular structures are detected and all indications suggest that the molecular gas follows ballistic trajectories after condensing out of the thermally unstable hot gas. The 230 GHz luminosity of the central continuum source is 500 times greater than its low frequency radio luminosity and probably reflects a recent accretion event. The spectrum of the central continuum source also exhibits an absorption feature with a linewidth typical of an individual GMC and an infalling velocity of 250 km s(-1). C1 [David, Laurence P.; Forman, William; Vrtilek, Jan; Jones, Christine; O'Sullivan, Ewan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lim, Jeremy] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Combes, Francoise; Salome, Philippe] CNRS, Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Edge, Alastair; Hamer, Stephen] Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Sun, Ming] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Gastaldello, Fabio; Bardelli, Sandro] IASF Milano, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Temi, Pasquale] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schmitt, Henrique] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ohyama, Youichi] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei, Taiwan. [Mathews, William] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Brighenti, Fabrizio] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Giacintucci, Simona] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Trung, Dinh-V] Vietnamese Acad Sci & Technol, Inst Phys, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP David, LP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ldavid@head.cfa.harvard.edu RI Gastaldello, Fabio/N-4226-2015; Bardelli, Sandro/O-9369-2015; OI Gastaldello, Fabio/0000-0002-9112-0184; Bardelli, Sandro/0000-0002-8900-0298; O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900; Edge, Alastair/0000-0002-3398-6916; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682; Combes, Francoise/0000-0003-2658-7893 FU NASA [GO2-13146X]; STFC [ST/I001573/1] FX This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2011.0.00735. S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This work was supported in part by NASA grant GO2-13146X. A.C.E. acknowledges support from STFC grant ST/I001573/1. We thank M. Birkinshaw for assistance in learning CASA and analyzing the ALMA data and B. McNamara and P. Nulsen for discussions about their cycle 0 ALMA observations of clusters of galaxies. NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2014 VL 792 IS 2 AR 94 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/792/2/94 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AO2RF UT WOS:000341172200012 ER PT J AU Harra, LK Matthews, SA Long, DM Doschek, GA De Pontieu, B AF Harra, L. K. Matthews, S. A. Long, D. M. Doschek, G. A. De Pontieu, B. TI THE IMPACT OF A FILAMENT ERUPTION ON NEARBY HIGH-LYING COOL LOOPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: chromosphere; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID SOLAR CORONA; TRACE AB The first spectroscopic observations of cool Mg II loops above the solar limb observed by NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) are presented. During the observation period, IRIS is pointed off-limb, allowing the observation of high-lying loops, which reach over 70 Mm in height. Low-lying cool loops were observed by the IRIS slit-jaw camera for the entire four-hour observing window. There is no evidence of a central reversal in the line profiles, and the Mg II h/k ratio is approximately two. The Mg II spectral lines show evidence of complex dynamics in the loops with Doppler velocities reaching +/- 40 km s(-1). The complex motions seen indicate the presence of multiple threads in the loops and separate blobs. Toward the end of the observing period, a filament eruption occurs that forms the core of a coronal mass ejection. As the filament erupts, it impacts these high-lying loops, temporarily impeding these complex flows, most likely due to compression. This causes the plasma motions in the loops to become blueshifted and then redshifted. The plasma motions are seen before the loops themselves start to oscillate as they reach equilibrium following the impact. The ratio of the Mg h/k lines also increases following the impact of the filament. C1 [Harra, L. K.; Matthews, S. A.; Long, D. M.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Doschek, G. A.] Div Space Sci, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [De Pontieu, B.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab Org, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Harra, LK (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM l.harra@ucl.ac.uk RI Long, David/J-3227-2013; OI Long, David/0000-0003-3137-0277; Harra, Louise/0000-0001-9457-6200; Matthews, Sarah/0000-0001-9346-8179 FU European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (eHEROES project) [284461]; NASA; Norwegian Space Center (NSC, Norway) through an ESA PRODEX FX Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in cooperation with ESA and NSC (Norway). IRIS is a NASA small explorer mission developed and operated by LMSAL, with mission operations executed at NASA Ames Research center and major contributions to downlink communications funded by the Norwegian Space Center (NSC, Norway) through an ESA PRODEX contract. We thank the IRIS team for access to the data. The Solar Dynamics Observatory is a NASA mission. Data supplied courtesy of the SDO/AIA consortia. SDO is the first mission to be launched for NASA's Living With a Star (LWS) program. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement No. 284461 (eHEROES project). G.A.D. is supported by a Hinode grant from NASA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2014 VL 792 IS 2 AR 93 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/792/2/93 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AO2RF UT WOS:000341172200011 ER PT J AU Wang, QC Carlet, C Stanica, P Tan, CH AF Wang, Qichun Carlet, Claude Stanica, Pantelimon Tan, Chik How TI Cryptographic properties of the hidden weighted bit function SO DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Hidden weighted bit function; Algebraic immunity; Nonlinearity; BDD-based attack ID OPTIMAL ALGEBRAIC IMMUNITY; SIGNIFICANT BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS; BDD-BASED CRYPTANALYSIS; KEYSTREAM GENERATORS; GOOD NONLINEARITY; STREAM CIPHERS; PRIMITIVE POLYNOMIALS; LINEAR FEEDBACK; INFINITE CLASS; ATTACKS AB The hidden weighted bit function (HWBF), introduced by R. Bryant in IEEE Trans. Comp. 40 and revisited by D. Knuth in Vol. 4 of The Art of Computer Programming, is a function that seems to be the simplest one with exponential Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) size. This property is interesting from a cryptographic viewpoint since BDD-based attacks are receiving more attention in the cryptographic community. But, to be usable in stream ciphers, the functions must also satisfy all the other main criteria. In this paper, we investigate the cryptographic properties of the HWBF and prove that it is balanced, with optimum algebraic degree and satisfies the strict avalanche criterion. We calculate its exact nonlinearity and give a lower bound on its algebraic immunity. Moreover, we investigate its normality and its resistance against fast algebraic attacks. The HWBF is simple, can be implemented efficiently, has a high BDD size and rather good cryptographic properties, if we take into account that its number of variables can be much larger than for other functions with the same implementation efficiency. Therefore, the HWBF is a good candidate for being used in real ciphers. Indeed, contrary to the case of symmetric functions, which allow such fast implementation but also offer to the attacker some specific possibilities due to their symmetry, its structure is not suspected to be related to such dedicated attacks. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Qichun; Tan, Chik How] Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Labs, Singapore 117411, Singapore. [Carlet, Claude] Univ Paris 08, Dept Math, LAGA, St Denis 02, France. [Carlet, Claude] CNRS, St Denis 02, France. [Stanica, Pantelimon] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, QC (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Labs, Singapore 117411, Singapore. EM qcwang@fudan.edu.cn; claude.carlet@univ-paris8.fr; pstanica@nps.edu; tsltch@nus.edu.sg NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-218X EI 1872-6771 J9 DISCRETE APPL MATH JI Discret Appl. Math. PD SEP 10 PY 2014 VL 174 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.dam.2014.01.010 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AL0JN UT WOS:000338813300001 ER PT J AU Nazarenus, M Zhang, Q Soliman, MG del Pino, P Pelaz, B Carregal-Romero, S Rejman, J Rothen-Rutishauser, B Clift, MJD Zellner, R Nienhaus, GU Delehanty, JB Medintz, IL Parak, WJ AF Nazarenus, Moritz Zhang, Qian Soliman, Mahmoud G. del Pino, Pablo Pelaz, Beatriz Carregal-Romero, Susana Rejman, Joanna Rothen-Rutishauser, Barbara Clift, Martin J. D. Zellner, Reinhard Nienhaus, G. Ulrich Delehanty, James B. Medintz, Igor L. Parak, Wolfgang J. TI In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far? SO BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE colloidal stability; intracellular particle distribution; nanoparticles; protein corona; toxicity of nanoparticles ID COATED GOLD NANOPARTICLES; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYER CAPSULES; RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; PROTEIN CORONA; CELLULAR UPTAKE; QUANTUM DOTS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; POLYSTYRENE NANOPARTICLES AB The interfacing of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells is now well into its second decade. In this review our goal is to highlight the more generally accepted concepts that we have gleaned from nearly twenty years of research. While details of these complex interactions strongly depend, amongst others, upon the specific properties of the nanoparticles used, the cell type, and their environmental conditions, a number of fundamental principles exist, which are outlined in this review. C1 [Nazarenus, Moritz; Zhang, Qian; Soliman, Mahmoud G.; Pelaz, Beatriz; Carregal-Romero, Susana; Rejman, Joanna; Parak, Wolfgang J.] Univ Marburg, Fachbereich Phys, D-35037 Marburg, Germany. [del Pino, Pablo; Parak, Wolfgang J.] CIC Biomagune, San Sebastian 20009, Spain. [Rothen-Rutishauser, Barbara; Clift, Martin J. D.] Univ Fribourg, Adolphe Merkle Inst, CH-1723 Fribourg, Switzerland. [Zellner, Reinhard] Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Phys Chem, D-45141 Essen, Germany. [Nienhaus, G. Ulrich] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Appl Sci, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Nienhaus, G. Ulrich] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Toxicol & Genet, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Nienhaus, G. Ulrich] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Delehanty, James B.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Parak, WJ (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Fachbereich Phys, Renthof 7, D-35037 Marburg, Germany. EM wolfgang.parak@physik.uni-marburg.de RI Pelaz, Beatriz/I-7703-2015; biomaGUNE, CIC/J-9136-2014; del Pino, Pablo/I-3536-2012; Parak, Wolfgang J./M-3998-2014; Nienhaus, Gerd Ulrich/G-8698-2012; Carregal-Romero, Susana/I-7946-2014; OI CLIFT, MARTIN/0000-0001-6133-3368; Pelaz, Beatriz/0000-0002-4626-4576; biomaGUNE, CIC/0000-0001-7690-0660; del Pino, Pablo/0000-0003-1318-6839; Merkle Institute, Adolphe/0000-0002-6220-424X; Parak, Wolfgang J./0000-0003-1672-6650; Nienhaus, Gerd Ulrich/0000-0002-5027-3192; Carregal-Romero, Susana/0000-0003-1444-6268; Nazarenus, Moritz/0000-0002-0220-7289 FU German Research Foundation (DFG) [SPP 1313, PA794/4-2]; DFG [SPP 1313, NI291/7, NI291/8]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC); Youssef Jameel Foundation; NRL NSI; DTRA FX This work and a large fraction of quoted work by WJP were supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG, SPP 1313, Project PA794/4-2) and this review represents the final report of this project. The authors are grateful to Dr. Torsten Hotopp from the DFG for managing and guiding the SPP 1313 funding initiative. BP acknowledges a fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. QZ acknowledges a fellowship from the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC). MGS acknowledges a fellowship from the Youssef Jameel Foundation. JBD and ILM acknowledge the NRL NSI and DTRA for support. GUN acknowledges the DFG for support (DFG grants NI291/7 and NI291/8). NR 166 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 78 PU BEILSTEIN-INSTITUT PI FRANKFURT AM MAIN PA TRAKEHNER STRASSE 7-9, FRANKFURT AM MAIN, 60487, GERMANY SN 2190-4286 J9 BEILSTEIN J NANOTECH JI Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. PD SEP 9 PY 2014 VL 5 BP 1477 EP 1490 DI 10.3762/bjnano.5.161 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AS2IL UT WOS:000344103300001 PM 25247131 ER PT J AU Tallant, A Porter, CK Putnam, SD Tribble, DR Hooper, TI Riddle, MS AF Tallant, Aaron Porter, Chad K. Putnam, Shannon D. Tribble, David R. Hooper, Tomoko I. Riddle, Mark S. TI Relative cost-effectiveness of a norovirus vaccine in the deployed military setting compared to a vaccine against Campylobacter sp., ETEC, and Shigella sp. SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Economic analysis; Norovirus; Military ID VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS OUTBREAK; NORWALK VIRUS; PASSENGER BEHAVIORS; US MILITARY; DISEASE; DIARRHEA; IMPACT; PREVENTION; INFECTION; FORCES AB Norovirus (NoV) has been identified as a significant cause of acute gastrointestinal illness among deployed military troops. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis for the use of a NoV vaccine in the military using a previously developed model that evaluated vaccines for ETEC, Campylobacter, and Shigella for prevention of non-outbreak associated travelers' diarrhea. Under conservative assumptions, acquisition of a NoV vaccine by the Department of Defense is estimated to result in a cost-effectiveness ratio per duty day lost to illness (CERDDL) of $1344 compared to a CERDDL of $776, $800, and $1275 for ETEC, Campylobacter sp., and Shigella sp., respectively compared to current management strategies. The absolute value of avoiding a duty day lost is likely to vary under different scenarios, and further study is needed to evaluate how improved diagnostics and prevention of outbreaks may impact the relative value of this vaccine. Overall, this study demonstrates the utility of a previously established evidence-based decision tool for prioritization of vaccine acquisition in an important target population. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tallant, Aaron] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Porter, Chad K.] Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Putnam, Shannon D.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Tribble, David R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Hooper, Tomoko I.; Riddle, Mark S.] Naval Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Riddle, MS (reprint author), Naval Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM mark.riddle@med.navy.mil NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 8 PY 2014 VL 32 IS 40 BP 5156 EP 5162 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.070 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AP7PS UT WOS:000342269800003 PM 25086264 ER PT J AU Weiblen, RJ Docherty, A Menyuk, CR Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Weiblen, R. J. Docherty, A. Menyuk, C. R. Shaw, L. B. Sanghera, J. S. Aggarwal, I. D. TI Calculation of the expected output spectrum for a mid-infrared supercontinuum source based on As2S3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; BANDWIDTH; NOISE AB We computationally investigate supercontinuum generation in an As2S3 solid core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a hexagonal cladding of air holes. With a goal of obtaining a supercontinuum output spectrum that can predict what might be seen in an experiment, we investigate the spectral and statistical behavior of a mid-infrared supercontinuum source using a large ensemble average of 106 realizations, in which the input pulse duration and energy vary. The output spectrum is sensitive to small changes (0.1%) in these pulse parameters. We show that the spectrum can be divided into three regions with distinct characteristics: a short-wavelength region with high correlation, a middle-wavelength region with minimal correlation, and a long-wavelength region where the behavior is dominated by a few rare large-bandwidth events. We show that statistically significant fluctuations exist in the experimentally expected output spectrum and that we can reproduce an excellent match to that spectrum with a converged shape and bandwidth using 5000 realizations. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Weiblen, R. J.; Docherty, A.; Menyuk, C. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Shaw, L. B.; Sanghera, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aggarwal, I. D.] Sotera Def Solut, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Weiblen, RJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, TRC 203,1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM ro2@umbc.edu FU Naval Research Laboratory; U.S. National Science Foundation [CNS-0821258, DMS-0821311]; University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) FX Work at UMBC was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory. The authors gratefully acknowledge useful discussions with J. Dudley. The hardware used in the computational studies is part of the UMBC High Performance Computing Facility (HPCF). The facility is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through the MRI program (grant no. CNS-0821258) and the SCREMS program (grant no. DMS-0821311), with additional substantial support from the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC). See www.umbc.edu/hpcf for more information on HPCF and the projects using its resources. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 36 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 8 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 18 BP 22220 EP 22231 DI 10.1364/OE.22.022220 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA AO5ZZ UT WOS:000341428000105 PM 25321598 ER PT J AU Linder, J Halterman, K AF Linder, Jacob Halterman, Klaus TI Superconducting spintronics with magnetic domain walls SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNET STRUCTURES; TRIPLET SUPERCURRENTS; MOTION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; WIRES AB The recent experimental demonstration of spin-polarized supercurrents offers a venue for establishment of a superconducting analog to conventional spintronics. Whereas domain-wall motion in purely magnetic structures is a well-studied topic, it is not clear how domain-wall dynamics may influence superconductivity and whether some functional property can be harnessed from such a scenario. Here, we demonstrate that domain walls in superconducting systems offer a unique way of controlling the quantum state of the superconductor. Considering both the diffusive and ballistic limits, we show that moving the domain wall to different locations in a Josephson junction will change the quantum ground state from being in a 0 state to a p state. Remarkably, we also show that domain-wall motion can be used to turn on and off superconductivity: the position of the domain wall determines the critical temperature T-c and thus whether the system is in a resistive state or not, causing even a quantum phase transition between the dissipationless and normal state at T = 0. In this way, one achieves dynamical control over the superconducting state within a single sample by utilizing magnetic domain wall motion which has interesting consequences in terms of a domain-wall-controlled superconducting magnetoresistance effect. C1 [Linder, Jacob] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Halterman, Klaus] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Linder, J (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RI Linder, Jacob/B-9606-2014; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 FU Research Council of Norway [205591/F20]; HPC resources; ONR FX J.L. was supported by the Research Council of Norway, Grant No. 205591/F20 (FRINAT). K. H. was supported in part by a grant of HPC resources and the ILIR program sponsored by ONR. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 8 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 10 AR 104502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.104502 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AO4GO UT WOS:000341294700006 ER PT J AU Thompson, T Wolfenstine, J Allen, JL Johannes, M Huq, A David, IN Sakamoto, J AF Thompson, Travis Wolfenstine, Jeff Allen, Jan L. Johannes, Michelle Huq, Ashfia David, Isabel N. Sakamoto, Jeff TI Tetragonal vs. cubic phase stability in Al - free Ta doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; ION CONDUCTIVITY; GARNET; CONDUCTORS; CRYSTAL AB Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnet is attracting interest as a promising Li-ion solid electrolyte. LLZO exists in a tetragonal and cubic polymorph where the cubic phase exhibits similar to 2 orders of magnitude higher Li-ion conduction. It has been suggested that a critical Li vacancy concentration (0.4-0.5 atoms per formula unit) is required to stabilize the cubic polymorph of Li7La3Zr2O12. This has been confirmed experimentally for Al3+ doping on the Li+ site. Substitution of M5+ (M = Ta, Nb) for Zr4+ is an alternative means to create Li vacancies and should have the same critical Li vacancy concentration, nevertheless, subcritically doped compositions (0.25 moles of Li vacancies per formula unit) have been reported as cubic. Adventitious Al, from alumina crucibles, was likely present in these studies that could have acted as a second dopant to introduce vacancies. In this work, Al-free subcritically doped (Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12) and critically doped (Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12) compositions are investigated. X-ray diffraction indicates that both compositions are cubic. However, upon further materials characterization, including SEM analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, and neutron diffraction it is evident that the subcritically doped composition is a mixture of cubic and tetragonal phases. The results of this study confirm that 0.4-0.5 Li vacancies per formula unit are required to stabilize the cubic polymorph of LLZO. C1 [Thompson, Travis; David, Isabel N.; Sakamoto, Jeff] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wolfenstine, Jeff; Allen, Jan L.] RDRL SED C, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Johannes, Michelle] Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Naval Res Lab, Anacostia, VA USA. [Huq, Ashfia] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sakamoto, J (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 2527 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jsakamot@egr.msu.edu RI Huq, Ashfia/J-8772-2013 OI Huq, Ashfia/0000-0002-8445-9649 FU Revolutionary Materials for Solid State Energy Conversion, an Energy Frontier Research Center - US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE SC001054]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL); Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX TT and JS would like to acknowledge support from the Revolutionary Materials for Solid State Energy Conversion, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science under Award Number DE SC001054. JW and JA would like to acknowledge support of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL). The diffraction Research conducted at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 24 U2 137 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PD SEP 7 PY 2014 VL 2 IS 33 BP 13431 EP 13436 DI 10.1039/c4ta02099e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AN3UP UT WOS:000340514500031 ER PT J AU Martin, SE Streeter, MD Jones, LL Klepfer, MS Atmatzidis, K Wille, KD Harrison, SA Hoegg, ED Sheridan, HM Kramer, S Parrish, DA Amick, AW AF Martin, Sara E. Streeter, Matthew D. Jones, Laurel L. Klepfer, Matthew S. Atmatzidis, Kyriakos Wille, Kristen D. Harrison, Sean A. Hoegg, Edward D. Sheridan, Heather M. Kramer, Stephanie Parrish, Damon A. Amick, Aaron W. TI A Three-Step Process To Facilitate the Annulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CATALYZED ALPHA-ARYLATION; CHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS; REGIOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS; RATIONAL SYNTHESIS; COUPLING REACTIONS; CARBON NANOTUBE; PI-SYSTEMS; C-60; KETONES; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE AB A new efficient three-step process to annulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been developed, providing access to PAHs with saturated rings that under current chemical methods would be difficult to produce in an efficient manner. This method relies on a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of various brominated PAHs with cyclohexanone to yield alpha-arylated ketones, which are converted to regiospecific vinyl triflates and cyclized by a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular arene vinyl triflate coupling to produce PAHs with incorporated saturated rings or "tetrahydroindeno-annulated" PAHs. C1 [Martin, Sara E.; Streeter, Matthew D.; Jones, Laurel L.; Klepfer, Matthew S.; Atmatzidis, Kyriakos; Wille, Kristen D.; Harrison, Sean A.; Hoegg, Edward D.; Sheridan, Heather M.; Amick, Aaron W.] Washington Coll, Dept Chem, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. [Kramer, Stephanie; Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Amick, AW (reprint author), Washington Coll, Dept Chem, 300 Washington Ave, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM aamick@washcoll.edu FU Roy Trout Memorial Fund; Washington College; Hodson Summer Research Fund; National Science Foundation [CHE-1229234] FX The authors especially thank the Roy Trout Memorial Fund for their generous financial support of the students who completed this work. The authors also thank Washington College and the Hodson Summer Research Fund for additional monetary support. We also thank Jessie McAtee for acquiring the high-resolution mass spectra for all compounds in this study and the National Science Foundation for its support of the purchase of a GCT mass spectrometer (CHE-1229234). NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD SEP 5 PY 2014 VL 79 IS 17 BP 8324 EP 8330 DI 10.1021/jo501576e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA AO4XT UT WOS:000341345400057 PM 25137354 ER PT J AU Khuntirat, B Yoon, IK Chittaganpitch, M Krueger, WS Supawat, K Blair, PJ Putnam, SD Gibbons, RV Buddhari, D Sawanpanyalert, P Heil, GL Friary, JA Gray, GC AF Khuntirat, Benjawan Yoon, In-Kyu Chittaganpitch, Malinee Krueger, Whitney S. Supawat, Krongkaew Blair, Patrick J. Putnam, Shannon D. Gibbons, Robert V. Buddhari, Darunee Sawanpanyalert, Pathom Heil, Gary L. Friary, John A. Gray, Gregory C. TI High Rate of A(H1N1)pdm09 Infections among Rural Thai Villagers, 2009-2010 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID A H1N1 VIRUS; APRIL-MAY 2009; NEW-YORK-CITY; INFLUENZA-A; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; HOUSEHOLD TRANSMISSION; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; SEASONAL INFLUENZA; OUTBREAK; ANTIBODY AB Background: Pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 emerged in Thailand in 2009. A prospective longitudinal adult cohort and household transmission study of influenza-like illness (ILI) was ongoing in rural Thailand at the time of emergence. Symptomatic and subclinical A(H1N1)pdm09 infection rates in the cohort and among household members were evaluated. Methods: A cohort of 800 Thai adults underwent active community-based surveillance for ILI from 2008-2010. Acute respiratory samples from ILI episodes were tested for A(H1N1)pdm09 by qRT-PCR; acute and 60-day convalescent blood samples were tested by A(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI). Enrollment, 12-month and 24-month followup blood samples were tested for A(H1N1)pdm09 seroconversion by HI. Household members of influenza A-infected cohort subjects with ILI were enrolled in household transmission investigations in which day 0 and 60 blood samples and acute respiratory samples were tested by either qRT-PCR or HI for A(H1N1)pdm09. Seroconversion between annual blood samples without A(H1N1)pdm09-positive ILI was considered as subclinical infection. Results: The 2-yr cumulative incidence of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in the cohort in 2009/2010 was 10.8% (84/781) with an annual incidence of 1.2% in 2009 and 9.7% in 2010; 83.3% of infections were subclinical (50% in 2009 and 85.9% in 2010). The 2-yr cumulative incidence was lowest (5%) in adults born <= 1957. The A(H1N1) pdm09 secondary attack rate among household contacts was 47.2% (17/36); 47.1% of these infections were subclinical. The highest A(H1N1)pdm09 secondary attack rate among household contacts (70.6%, 12/17) occurred among children born between 1990 and 2003. Conclusion: Subclinical A(H1N1)pdm09 infections in Thai adults occurred frequently and accounted for a greater proportion of all A(H1N1)pdm09 infections than previously estimated. The role of subclinical infections in A(H1N1)pdm09 transmission has important implications in formulating strategies to predict and prevent the spread of A(H1N1)pdm09 and other influenza virus strains. C1 [Khuntirat, Benjawan; Yoon, In-Kyu; Gibbons, Robert V.; Buddhari, Darunee] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Chittaganpitch, Malinee; Supawat, Krongkaew; Sawanpanyalert, Pathom] Minist Publ Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Krueger, Whitney S.; Heil, Gary L.; Friary, John A.; Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Florida, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Gainesville, FL USA. [Krueger, Whitney S.; Heil, Gary L.; Friary, John A.; Gray, Gregory C.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL USA. [Blair, Patrick J.] Naval Med Res Ctr Asia, Singapore, Singapore. [Putnam, Shannon D.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), Duke Univ, Sch Med, Duke Infect Dis, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM gcgray2@gmail.com FU US Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center - Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01 AI068803] FX This work was supported by the US Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center - Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (multiple grants to GCG, PJB, SDP, and IKY) and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 AI068803 to GCG). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 4 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 9 AR e106751 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0106751 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO3XV UT WOS:000341271500083 PM 25188434 ER PT J AU Noble, SL AF Noble, Sarah L. TI Control-theoretic scheduling of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder SO IET CONTROL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; COGNITIVE-PROCESSING THERAPY; ADMINISTERED PTSD SCALE; PROLONGED EXPOSURE; ADAPTIVE INTERVENTIONS; RAPE VICTIMS; SERTRALINE; CHALLENGES; DEPRESSION; INVENTORY AB Control technology has found widespread use in medical applications, including pharmacology and drug dosing. Although mental and behavioural health applications have much in common with these systems, only a few seminal works have applied control technology to inform treatment with non-pharmacological interventions. Herein, a model-based, predictive control strategy is proposed to optimise treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A mathematical model is developed that captures the dynamic relationship between five PTSD treatments and three commonly-employed PTSD assessment scales. The model supports an adaptive model predictive control strategy in which treatments are scheduled to achieve a therapeutic objective while recurrent assessment scale data are used to adaptively identify the patient model parameters. The model is corroborated against an independent data set, and the efficacy of the adaptive control strategy is demonstrated through Monte-Carlo simulations. While this work represents only a preliminary step towards a quantitative tool for clinical use, the simulated treatment results indicate that the proposed model and control approach could provide valuable insight towards designing personalised intervention schedules that increase treatment adherence, lower treatment costs and provide PTSD patients with more effective care. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Noble, SL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Weap & Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM noble@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Naval Academy Research Council FX This research was sponsored in part by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) in conjunction with the Naval Academy Research Council. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8644 EI 1751-8652 J9 IET CONTROL THEORY A JI IET Contr. Theory Appl. PD SEP 4 PY 2014 VL 8 IS 13 BP 1196 EP 1206 DI 10.1049/iet-cta.2013.0615 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AO2VQ UT WOS:000341184800006 ER PT J AU Gould, BD Ramamurti, R Osland, CR Swider-Lyons, KE AF Gould, Benjamin D. Ramamurti, Ravi Osland, Corey R. Swider-Lyons, Karen E. TI Assessing fuel-cell coolant flow fields with numerical models and infrared thermography SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Thermal management; IR thermography; Cooling channels; Visualization ID METALLIC BIPOLAR PLATES; COOLING PLATES; PEMFC STACK AB Proper thermal management is important to the successful operation and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems. In liquid cooled fuel cell systems, the planar temperature distribution of the cell is largely controlled by the coolant flow field (CFF) design inside bipolar plates (BPPs). We characterize the temperature distribution of the coolant in two different CFF designs made out of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy by using infrared (IR) thermography and a coupled heat-transfer numerical model. Numerical models show that the two CFFs have nearly equivalent global heat transfer characteristics and temperature distributions but very different coolant flow characteristics; one design has uneven flow through parallel cooling channels and the other design has even flow through parallel cooling channels. These two designs are used to probe the capability of IR thermography to resolve subtle differences in temperature distribution in the CFFs. We find that the temperature distribution in CFFs measured using IR thermography matches the predicted numerical model results. We conclude that IR thermograph is a useful tool for characterizing CFFs because it can visualize local temperature differences caused by trapped bubbles in addition to the overall in-plane temperature distribution. Copyright (C) 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gould, Benjamin D.; Ramamurti, Ravi; Swider-Lyons, Karen E.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Osland, Corey R.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Gould, BD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Alternat Energy Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM benjamin.gould@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for financial support of this work. The authors would also like to thank Doug Wheeler for his many insightful comments and conversations. CRO was a Naval Acquisition intern through the Naval Acquisition Development Program. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD SEP 3 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 26 BP 14061 EP 14070 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.07.018 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA AO6MI UT WOS:000341465800013 ER PT J AU Aliev, AE Mayo, NK Baughman, RH Avirovik, D Priya, S Zarnetske, MR Blottman, JB AF Aliev, Ali E. Mayo, Nathanael K. Baughman, Ray H. Avirovik, Dragan Priya, Shashank Zarnetske, Michael R. Blottman, John B. TI Thermoacoustic excitation of sonar projector plates by free-standing carbon nanotube sheets SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermoacoustics; carbon nanotubes; vibration of plates ID AIR; TRANSPARENT; TRANSDUCER; VIBRATIONS; MEMS AB Carbon nanotubes (CNT) generate smooth-spectra sound over a wide frequency range (1-10(5) Hz) by means of thermoacoustics (TA). The protective encapsulation of CNT sheets in inert gases between rigid vibrating plates provides resonant features in the TA sound projector. The vibrational modes of plates and the compliance of the soft sealing spacers between those plates are studied with the aim of creating efficient, tunable underwater sound generation at relatively low frequencies, 10 Hz-10 kHz. C1 [Aliev, Ali E.; Mayo, Nathanael K.; Baughman, Ray H.] Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Inst, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Avirovik, Dragan; Priya, Shashank] Virginia Tech, Ctr Energy Harvesting Mat & Syst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zarnetske, Michael R.; Blottman, John B.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Aliev, AE (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Inst, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM Ali.Aliev@utdallas.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-14-1-0152, N00014-13-1-0073, N00014-13-1-0180]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0211]; Robert A Welch Foundation [AT-0029] FX We thank Raquel Ovalle Robles and Xavier Norberto Lepro Chavez (NanoTech Institute, UT, Dallas) for providing drawable MWNT forests. This research work was supported by Office of Naval Research grants N00014-14-1-0152, N00014-13-1-0073, N00014-13-1-0180, Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA9550-12-1-0211, and the Robert A Welch Foundation grant AT-0029. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD SEP 3 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 35 AR 355302 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/47/35/355302 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO5AX UT WOS:000341353800019 ER PT J AU Fears, KP AF Fears, Kenan P. TI Measuring the pK/pl of Biomolecules Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBOXYLIC-ACID DEPROTONATION; PK VALUES; ISOELECTRIC POINTS; IONIZABLE GROUPS; STABILITY; PROTEINS; GOLD; XPS AB Dissociation constants of GG X GG and Xs peptides (X = G, D, H, or K), and bovine albumin (BSA) and fibronectin (FN) were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in ultrahigh vacuum at room temperature. The biomolecules were deposited on Au substrates by drying 2.0 id, drops of 1.0 mu g mu L-1 stock solutions in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffers (pH 1-12) at room temperature. Because of the similar to,+1.3 eV shift in binding energy (BE) of protonated amines, pK values of basic amino acids were calculated by plotting the fraction of protonated amines as a function of solution pH. Similarly, the BE of carboxyl groups shifted similar to-1.3 eV upon deprotonation. While C Is spectra were convoluted by the multiple chemical states of carbon present in the samples, the ratio of the C Is components centered at BE = 289.+/- 0.4 and BE = 287.9 +/- 0.3 proved to reliably assess deprotonation of carboxyl groups. The pK values for the Asp (3.1 and 2.4), His (6.7), and Lys (11.3 and 10.6) peptides, and the pI of BSA (4.8) and FN (5.7), were consistent with published values; thus, these methods could potentially be used to determine the dissociation constants of surface-bound biomolecules. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fears, KP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kenan.fears@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the basic research program at NRL FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the basic research program at NRL. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 2 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 17 BP 8526 EP 8529 DI 10.1021/ac5020386 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AO3KX UT WOS:000341229200005 PM 25110989 ER PT J AU Poje, AC Ozgokmen, TM Lipphardt, BL Haus, BK Ryan, EH Haza, AC Jacobs, GA Reniers, AJHM Olascoaga, MJ Novelli, G Griffa, A Beron-Vera, FJ Chen, SYS Coelho, E Hogan, PJ Kirwan, AD Huntley, HS Mariano, AJ AF Poje, Andrew C. Oezgoekmen, Tamay M. Lipphardt, Bruce L., Jr. Haus, Brian K. Ryan, Edward H. Haza, Angelique C. Jacobs, Gregg A. Reniers, A. J. H. M. Olascoaga, Maria Josefina Novelli, Guillaume Griffa, Annalisa Beron-Vera, Francisco J. Chen, Shuyi S. Coelho, Emanuel Hogan, Patrick J. Kirwan, Albert D., Jr. Huntley, Helga S. Mariano, Arthur J. TI Submesoscale dispersion in the vicinity of the Deepwater Horizon spill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ocean dispersion; pollutant patterns; geophysical turbulence; Lagrangian transport ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; RELATIVE DISPERSION; PART I; OCEAN; TURBULENCE; PARAMETERIZATION; SURFACE; MESOSCALE; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS AB Reliable forecasts for the dispersion of oceanic contamination are important for coastal ecosystems, society, and the economy as evidenced by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 and the Fukushima nuclear plant incident in the Pacific Ocean in 2011. Accurate prediction of pollutant pathways and concentrations at the ocean surface requires understanding ocean dynamics over a broad range of spatial scales. Fundamental questions concerning the structure of the velocity field at the submesoscales (100 m to tens of kilometers, hours to days) remain unresolved due to a lack of synoptic measurements at these scales. Using high-frequency position data provided by the near-simultaneous release of hundreds of accurately tracked surface drifters, we study the structure of submesoscale surface velocity fluctuations in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Observed two-point statistics confirm the accuracy of classic turbulence scaling laws at 200-m to 50-km scales and clearly indicate that dispersion at the submesoscales is local, driven predominantly by energetic submesoscale fluctuations. The results demonstrate the feasibility and utility of deploying large clusters of drifting instruments to provide synoptic observations of spatial variability of the ocean surface velocity field. Our findings allow quantification of the submesoscale-driven dispersion missing in current operational circulation models and satellite altimeter-derived velocity fields. C1 [Poje, Andrew C.] CUNY, Coll Staten Isl, Grad Phys Program, Dept Math, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Oezgoekmen, Tamay M.; Haus, Brian K.; Ryan, Edward H.; Haza, Angelique C.; Reniers, A. J. H. M.; Olascoaga, Maria Josefina; Novelli, Guillaume; Beron-Vera, Francisco J.; Chen, Shuyi S.; Mariano, Arthur J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33176 USA. [Lipphardt, Bruce L., Jr.; Kirwan, Albert D., Jr.; Huntley, Helga S.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Jacobs, Gregg A.; Coelho, Emanuel; Hogan, Patrick J.] Naval Res Lab, Hancock Cty, MS 39529 USA. [Griffa, Annalisa] CNR, Ist Sci Marine, I-19032 La Spezia, Italy. RP Ozgokmen, TM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33176 USA. EM tozgokmen@gmail.com RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Ryan, Edward/0000-0002-2571-9754 FU BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative FX We thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This research was made possible by a grant from BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative. NR 44 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 33 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 2 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 35 BP 12693 EP 12698 DI 10.1073/pnas.1402452111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AO3LN UT WOS:000341230800047 PM 25136097 ER PT J AU Decker, RJ Kolsch, MN Yakimenko, OA AF Decker, Ryan J. Koelsch, Mathias N. Yakimenko, Oleg A. TI An Automated Method for Computer Vision Analysis of Cannon-Launched Projectile Video SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE ballistics; computer vision; pose estimation; projectile motion characterization; video analysis AB This paper describes a cost effective automated methodology to analyze launch video of artillery projectiles. Image processing and computer vision techniques are used to segment and classify the projectile shape in each video frame. Within minutes of being fired, the initial position, velocity, and orientation history of the projectile in three-dimensional space is determined at the gun site. An overview of several standard methods used by the Army to characterize pitching and yawing motion of projectiles is included, as well as a discussion of the limitations of these methods. Results from real artillery testing using the automated video analysis method are validated through comparisons to results measured using conventional techniques. C1 [Decker, Ryan J.] Armaments Res Dev & Engn Center, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [Koelsch, Mathias N.] Naval Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Yakimenko, Oleg A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Decker, RJ (reprint author), Armaments Res Dev & Engn Center, 94 Ramsey Ave, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 EI 1945-7553 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1248 EP 1256 DI 10.1520/JTE20130107 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA CA9MP UT WOS:000349248600004 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Davis, K Gonzalez, V AF Johnson, W. Brad Davis, Kelcie Gonzalez, Victoria TI Military Accession and Disordered Eating Among Women: Clinical and Policy Recommendations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MENTAL-HEALTH TREATMENT; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; COLLEGE-WOMEN; PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY; ATTITUDES TEST; FOLLOW-UP; BEHAVIORS; FEMALE; PERSONNEL; VETERANS C1 [Johnson, W. Brad; Davis, Kelcie; Gonzalez, Victoria] US Naval Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 179 IS 9 BP 936 EP 941 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00075 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CA7LF UT WOS:000349098100006 PM 25181708 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Morgan, CA AF Taylor, Marcus K. Morgan, Charles A., III TI Spontaneous and Deliberate Dissociative States in Military Personnel: Relationships to Objective Performance Under Stress SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-SULFATE; PLASMA DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; CORTISOL; SYMPTOMS; STRATEGIES; MEMORY AB We recently distinguished between spontaneous and deliberate dissociative states in military personnel exposed to stressful survival training, demonstrating not only that a substantial subset of participants (13%) deliberately dissociate under intense stress but also that most deliberate dissociators (76%) find it helpful (facilitative) to coping. In this brief report, we examine the relationship between spontaneous and deliberate subtypes of dissociation, and objective military performance in Special Forces and non-Special Forces personnel enrolled in survival school. Inverse relationships between dissociation and military performance were observed in both Special Forces and general soldier subgroups. Military performance did not differ between spontaneous and deliberate dissociators, nor did it differ between those who appraised dissociative states as facilitative versus debilitative to stress coping. This study evolves our understanding of factors influencing human performance in the high-stakes survival context. C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Taylor, Marcus K.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Morgan, Charles A., III] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Morgan, Charles A., III] VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU National Center for PTSD FX We thank Michelle LeWark for her editorial expertise. We also would like to thank Dr. Daniel Gould for his mentorship to the first author regarding psychological aspects of expert human performance. This study was supported by a grant from the National Center for PTSD. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 179 IS 9 BP 955 EP 958 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00081 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CA7LF UT WOS:000349098100009 PM 25181711 ER PT J AU Amara, J Pogoda, TK Krengel, M Iverson, KM Baker, E Hendricks, A AF Amara, Jomana Pogoda, Terri K. Krengel, Maxine Iverson, Katherine M. Baker, Errol Hendricks, Ann TI Determinants of Utilization and Cost of VHA Care by OEF/OIF Veterans Screened for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WOMEN VETERANS; COMBAT; IRAQ AB Objective: To determine the demographic and service characteristics that differentially impact utilization and cost of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) services for Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraq Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veterans screened or evaluated for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Setting: We examined Department of Defense (DoD) and VHA administrative records of OEF/OIF Veterans who were screened or evaluated for TBI. Participants: Our study population was OEF/OIF Veterans who separated from DoD in Fiscal Years 2003-2009 and who were screened or evaluated in VHA for TBI between October 2008 and July 2009. Design: We describe the demographics and service characteristics of separated Veterans and those who accessed the VHA. We report the cost of VHA utilization and estimate a probit regression model to assess determinants of VHA utilization and costs by OEF/OIF Veterans screened and evaluated for TBI by VHA. Results: Females and Veterans older than 37 years utilize VHA services more intensely. Across all services, the Reserve Components utilize health services more than the Active Components placing more demand on VHA for services. Conclusion: VHA utilization and costs is impacted by the demographic and service characteristics of Veterans. The variation in Veteran groups incurring higher costs and utilization indicates different usage patterns of VHA services by each group with implications for patient load as the DoD deploys higher numbers of females and the Reserve Components. C1 [Amara, Jomana] Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Pogoda, Terri K.; Krengel, Maxine; Baker, Errol] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Ctr Healthcare Org & Implementat Res, Jamaica, MA 02130 USA. [Iverson, Katherine M.] VA Boston Hlth Care Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, Jamaica, MA 02130 USA. [Iverson, Katherine M.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Jamaica, MA 02130 USA. RP Amara, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, 699 Dyer Rd,205A Halligan Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU Office of Research and Development, Health Services R&D Service, Department of Veterans Affairs [SDR 08-405]; Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Services Career Development Award [CDA 10-029] FX This article is based on work supported by the Office of Research and Development, Health Services R&D Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, through SDR 08-405. Dr. Iverson's contribution to this article was supported by a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Services Career Development Award (CDA 10-029). NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 179 IS 9 BP 964 EP 972 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00559 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CA7LF UT WOS:000349098100011 PM 25181713 ER PT J AU Cunningham, CA Weber, BA Roberts, BL Hejmanowski, TS Griffin, WD Lutz, BJ AF Cunningham, Craig A. Weber, Bryan A. Roberts, Beverly L. Hejmanowski, Tracy S. Griffin, Wayne D. Lutz, Barbara J. TI The Role of Resilience and Social Support in Predicting Postdeployment Adjustment in Otherwise Healthy Navy Personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; READJUSTMENT RATING-SCALE; MILITARY SEXUAL TRAUMA; INDIVIDUAL AUGMENTEE; DEPLOYMENT RISK; MENTAL-HEALTH; IRAQI FREEDOM; VETERANS; WAR; COMBAT AB The purpose of this study was to determine if resilience, social support, and exposure to combat, stressful deployment environments, and additional stressful life events predicted short-term (12 months or less) postdeployment adjustment in a relatively healthy subset of Navy service members. One hundred and thirty-two service members between 3 and 6 months postdeployment completed anonymous surveys at a deployment health center. Service members with probable post-traumatic stress disorder and those who were at risk for harm to self or others were excluded. There was relatively low variance in exposure to combat, stressful deployment environments, and additional stressful life events for this convenience sample. Although the sample was a relatively healthy subset of service members and conclusions may not be generalizable to larger populations, 56% endorsed considerable adjustment difficulties. Results of logistic regression indicated that greater resilience, greater postdeployment social support, and less stressful deployment environments predicted greater postdeployment adjustment. Resilience and postdeployment social support remained significant predictors of postdeployment adjustment when controlling for covariates. Results also suggest that individual augmentee experience may be a protective factor against postdeployment adjustment difficulties-at least in otherwise healthy service members. C1 [Cunningham, Craig A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Nursing Res Dept, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Weber, Bryan A.; Roberts, Beverly L.; Lutz, Barbara J.] Univ Florida, Coll Nursing, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Hejmanowski, Tracy S.] Naval Hosp, Deployment Hlth Ctr, Branch Hlth Clin, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. [Griffin, Wayne D.] Univ Florida, Counseling & Wellness Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Cunningham, CA (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Nursing Res Dept, DPE Code 14G300,Bldg 3,620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 179 IS 9 BP 979 EP 985 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00568 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CA7LF UT WOS:000349098100013 PM 25181715 ER PT J AU Comet, N AF Comet, Noah TI Introduction: The Legacy of Anne Mellor SO STUDIES IN ROMANTICISM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Comet, N (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOSTON UNIV SCHOLARLY PUBL PI BOSTON PA 985 COMMONWEALTH AVE, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 0039-3762 J9 STUD ROMANTICISM JI Stud. Romant. PD FAL PY 2014 VL 53 IS 3 BP 291 EP 295 PG 5 WC Literature SC Literature GA CA0QC UT WOS:000348620800001 ER PT J AU Stammer, D Ray, RD Andersen, OB Arbic, BK Bosch, W Carrere, L Cheng, Y Chinn, DS Dushaw, BD Egbert, GD Erofeeva, SY Fok, HS Green, JAM Griffiths, S King, MA Lapin, V Lemoine, FG Luthcke, SB Lyard, F Morison, J Muller, M Padman, L Richman, JG Shriver, JF Shum, CK Taguchi, E Yi, Y AF Stammer, D. Ray, R. D. Andersen, O. B. Arbic, B. K. Bosch, W. Carrere, L. Cheng, Y. Chinn, D. S. Dushaw, B. D. Egbert, G. D. Erofeeva, S. Y. Fok, H. S. Green, J. A. M. Griffiths, S. King, M. A. Lapin, V. Lemoine, F. G. Luthcke, S. B. Lyard, F. Morison, J. Mueller, M. Padman, L. Richman, J. G. Shriver, J. F. Shum, C. K. Taguchi, E. Yi, Y. TI Accuracy assessment of global barotropic ocean tide models SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID RECIPROCAL ACOUSTIC TRANSMISSIONS; NORTHWEST EUROPEAN SHELF; CURRENT-METER RECORDS; SHALLOW-WATER TIDES; INTERNAL TIDES; DEEP-OCEAN; TOPEX/POSEIDON ALTIMETRY; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ENERGY-DISSIPATION AB The accuracy of state-of-the-art global barotropic tide models is assessed using bottom pressure data, coastal tide gauges, satellite altimetry, various geodetic data on Antarctic ice shelves, and independent tracked satellite orbit perturbations. Tide models under review include empirical, purely hydrodynamic ("forward"), and assimilative dynamical, i.e., constrained by observations. Ten dominant tidal constituents in the diurnal, semidiurnal, and quarter-diurnal bands are considered. Since the last major model comparison project in 1997, models have improved markedly, especially in shallow-water regions and also in the deep ocean. The root-sum-square differences between tide observations and the best models for eight major constituents are approximately 0.9, 5.0, and 6.5 cm for pelagic, shelf, and coastal conditions, respectively. Large intermodel discrepancies occur in high latitudes, but testing in those regions is impeded by the paucity of high-quality in situ tide records. Long-wavelength components of models tested by analyzing satellite laser ranging measurements suggest that several models are comparably accurate for use in precise orbit determination, but analyses of GRACE intersatellite ranging data show that all models are still imperfect on basin and subbasin scales, especially near Antarctica. For the M-2 constituent, errors in purely hydrodynamic models are now almost comparable to the 1980-era Schwiderski empirical solution, indicating marked advancement in dynamical modeling. Assessing model accuracy using tidal currents remains problematic owing to uncertainties in in situ current meter estimates and the inability to isolate the barotropic mode. Velocity tests against both acoustic tomography and current meters do confirm that assimilative models perform better than purely hydrodynamic models. C1 [Stammer, D.; Taguchi, E.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Ray, R. D.; Lemoine, F. G.; Luthcke, S. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Andersen, O. B.] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Space, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Arbic, B. K.; Dushaw, B. D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bosch, W.] Deutsches Geodat Forschungsinst, Munich, Germany. [Carrere, L.; Lyard, F.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, UMR 5566, LEGOS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Cheng, Y.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Marine Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chinn, D. S.] NASA GSFC, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Egbert, G. D.; Erofeeva, S. Y.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fok, H. S.] Wuhan Univ, Sch Geodesy & Geomat, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Fok, H. S.; Shum, C. K.; Yi, Y.] Ohio State Univ, Div Geodet Sci, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Green, J. A. M.] Bangor Univ, Sch Ocean Sci, Menai Bridge, Gwynedd, Wales. [Griffiths, S.; Lapin, V.] Univ Leeds, Dept Appl Math, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [King, M. A.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Land & Food, Surveying & Spatial Sci Grp, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Morison, J.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Mueller, M.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Padman, L.] Earth & Space Res, Corvallis, OR USA. [Richman, J. G.; Shriver, J. F.] Naval Res Lab, Oceanog Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Shum, C. K.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, Wuhan, Peoples R China. RP Stammer, D (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Martinistr 52, Hamburg, Germany. EM detlef.stammer@zmaw.de RI Lemoine, Frank/D-1215-2013; Griffiths, Stephen/A-6440-2008; King, Matt/B-4622-2008; Ray, Richard/D-1034-2012; Andersen, Ole /H-7481-2016 OI Egbert, Gary/0000-0003-1276-8538; Arbic, Brian K/0000-0002-7969-2294; Griffiths, Stephen/0000-0002-4654-2636; King, Matt/0000-0001-5611-9498; Andersen, Ole /0000-0002-6685-3415 NR 124 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 IS 3 BP 243 EP 282 DI 10.1002/2014RG000450 PG 40 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AU5MI UT WOS:000345650700003 ER PT J AU Mishou, AL AF Mishou, Aubrey L. TI SURVIVING THORNFIELD: JANE EYRE AND NINETEENTH-CENTURY EVOLUTIONARY THEORY SO RENASCENCE-ESSAYS ON VALUES IN LITERATURE LA English DT Article RP Mishou, AL (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARQUETTE UNIV PRESS PI MILWAUKEE PA BROOKS HALL, 200, PO BOX 1881, MILWAUKEE, WI 53201-1881 USA SN 0034-4346 J9 RENASCENCE JI Renascence-Essays Values Lit. PD FAL PY 2014 VL 66 IS 4 BP 255 EP 272 PG 18 WC Literature SC Literature GA AU3BE UT WOS:000345487100002 ER PT J AU D'Asaro, EA Black, PG Centurioni, LR Chang, YT Chen, SS Foster, RC Graber, HC Harr, P Hormann, V Lien, RC Lin, II Sanford, TB Tang, TY Wu, CC AF D'Asaro, E. A. Black, P. G. Centurioni, L. R. Chang, Y. -T. Chen, S. S. Foster, R. C. Graber, H. C. Harr, P. Hormann, V. Lien, R-C Lin, I-I Sanford, T. B. Tang, T. -Y. Wu, C-C. TI IMPACT OF TYPHOONS ON THE OCEAN IN THE PACIFIC SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; ATMOSPHERE-WAVE-OCEAN; HURRICANE INTENSITY; TROPICAL CYCLONES; THERMAL STRUCTURE; CBLAST-HURRICANE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA; RETRIEVAL; EXCHANGE C1 [D'Asaro, E. A.; Foster, R. C.; Lien, R-C; Sanford, T. B.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [D'Asaro, E. A.; Lien, R-C; Sanford, T. B.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Black, P. G.] Sci Applicat Int Corp Inc, Monterey, CA USA. [Black, P. G.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Centurioni, L. R.; Hormann, V.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Chang, Y. -T.; Tang, T. -Y.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Chen, S. S.; Graber, H. C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Harr, P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Lin, I-I; Wu, C-C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Lin, I-I] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP D'Asaro, EA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM dasaro@apl.washington.edu RI Lin, I-I/J-4695-2013; OI Lin, I-I/0000-0002-8364-8106; Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 FU Office of Naval Research [N000140810656, N000140810576, N00014-08-0560, N00014-08-1-0577, N00014-10-1-0313, N00014-10-1-0725, N00014-09-1-0392, N00014-08-1-1099, N00014-09-1-0818, N00014-08-1-0581]; Office of Naval Research through Naval Research Laboratory [PE 0601153N, N00173-10-C-6019]; NOAA [NA17RJ1231]; National Science Council of Taiwan [N5C97-2111-M-002-016-MY3, 99-2611-M-002-008-MY2, 101-2111-M-002-002-MY2, 101-2628-M-002-001-MY4]; Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan [MOTC-CWB-99-6M-01] FX We acknowledge the support of Office of Naval Research Grants N000140810656 (LC, LH), N000140810576 (SC), N00014-08-0560 (TS, RCL), N00014-08-1-0577 (ED), N00014-10-1-0313 (ED), N00014-10-1-0725 (TT), N00014-09-1-0392 (HG), N00014-08-1-1099 (HG), N00014-09-1-0818 (HQ, and N00014-08-1-0581 (HG); PE 0601153N through Naval Research Laboratory Contract N00173-10-C-6019 (PB); NOAA Global Drifter program Grant NA17RJ1231 (LC, LH); the National Science Council of Taiwan Grants N5C97-2111-M-002-016-MY3 (DOTSTAR), 99-2611-M-002-008-MY2 (TT), 101-2111-M-002-002-MY2 (IIL), and 101-2628-M-002-001-MY4 (IIL); and the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan Grant MOTC-CWB-99-6M-01 (DOTSTAR). The authors also thank the entire ITOP team, including the U.S. Air Force Reserve Command 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron "Hurricane Hunters," the captains and crews of the U.S. and Taiwanese research vessels, our forecast team, and the many engineers, technicians, programmers, and support personnel that made the work possible. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 9 BP 1405 EP 1418 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00104.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS7MY UT WOS:000344441200014 ER PT J AU Wang, JN Greenan, BJW Lu, YY Oakey, NS Shaw, WJ AF Wang, Jianing Greenan, Blair J. W. Lu, Youyu Oakey, Neil S. Shaw, William J. TI Layered mixing on the New England Shelf in summer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE turbulence; diffusion; mixing processes ID TURBULENCE CLOSURE MODELS; BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; INTERNAL WAVES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TIDAL FLOW; OCEAN TURBULENCE; KINETIC-ENERGY; DISSIPATION; SHEAR; SEAS AB The layered structure of stratification and mixing on the New England Shelf (NES) in summer is examined by analyzing a comprehensive set of observations of hydrography, currents and turbulence. A clear distinction in mixing characteristics between the midcolumn water (consisting of subsurface stratification, middepth weak stratification and lower-layer stratification) and a well-mixed bottom boundary layer (BBL) is revealed. The combination of subtidal Ekman onshore bottom transport and cross-shore density gradient created a lower-layer stratification that inhibited the upward extension of the BBL turbulence. The BBL mixing was related to strong shear generated by bottom stress, and the magnitude and periodic variation of BBL mixing was determined by both the tidal and subtidal flows. Mixing in the midcolumn water occurred under stably stratified conditions and showed correspondence with the occurrence of near-inertial and semidiurnal internal waves. Positive correlations between buoyancy frequency squared (N-2) and shear variance (S-2), S-2 and dissipation rate (epsilon), N-2 and epsilon are established in the midcolumn, but not in the BBL. The midcolumn epsilon was reasonably described by a slightly modified MacKinnon-Gregg (MG) model. C1 [Wang, Jianing] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jianing] Ocean Univ China, Coll Phys & Environm Oceanog, Lab Phys Oceanog, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Greenan, Blair J. W.; Lu, Youyu; Oakey, Neil S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Shaw, William J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. RP Greenan, BJW (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM Blair.Greenan@dfo-mpo.gc.ca OI Wang, Jianing/0000-0002-8064-8151 FU China Scholarship Council; US Office of Naval Research [N00014-95-1-1030, N00014-95-1-0373,, N00014-96-1-0953]; Fisheries and Oceans of Canada FX This study was conducted during Jianing Wang's visit to Bedford Institute of Oceanography (Canada), which was financially supported by the China Scholarship Council. The field component of this program was jointly supported by the US Office of Naval Research (grants N00014-95-1-1030, N00014-95-1-0373, and N00014-96-1-0953) and Fisheries and Oceans of Canada. The crew of the R/V Oceanus is thanked for their assistance with the collection of the field data. In accordance with the Fisheries and Oceans Canada Policy for Scientific Data (http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/data-donnees/policy-politique-eng.htm) , all data utilized in this paper are publicly available and can be obtained by contacting the Ocean Data and Information Section (XMAR.ODIS@dfo-mpo.gc.ca) at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography. We thank three anonymous reviewers for thorough and constructive review of the original manuscript. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 5776 EP 5796 DI 10.1002/2014JC009947 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR9FW UT WOS:000343879200012 ER PT J AU Jarosz, E Wijesekera, HW Teague, WJ Fribance, DB Moline, MA AF Jarosz, Ewa Wijesekera, Hemantha W. Teague, William J. Fribance, Diane B. Moline, Mark A. TI Observations on stratified flow over a bank at low Froude numbers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE subcritical flow; underwater bank; mixing; Gulf of Mexico ID PAST 3-DIMENSIONAL OBSTACLES; TEXAS-LOUISIANA SHELF; HIGH DRAG STATES; FORM DRAG; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; INTERNAL WAVES; SHEAR FLOWS; TIDAL FLOW; TURBULENCE; DISSIPATION AB In June 2011, a 9 day oceanographic survey was conducted over the East Flower Garden Bank, a coral reef, located on the outer shelf in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Current, temperature, conductivity, and microstructure measurements were collected to characterize flow evolution, turbulence, and mixing over the bank. During the experiment, the flow was highly stratified, subcritical (Froude number below 0.4), hydrostatic, and nonlinear with rotational effects being important. Observations showed that flow structure, turbulence, and mixing were highly dependent on the direction and strength of the current; thus, they varied spatially and temporarily. Responses resulting from interactions between the free-stream flow and the obstacle were significantly different on the upstream and downstream sides of the bank. Blocking and diverging of the flow just below the bank height was observed on the upstream side. On the downstream side, a wake with imbedded vortices developed. Moreover, turbulence was amplified over the bank top and on its downstream side. Turbulent dissipation rates were as high as 10(-6) W kg(-1) and resulted in measured rates of energy dissipation and mixing by turbulence per unit width as high as 40 W m(-1). Mixing on the downstream side was elevated with eddy diffusivities reaching 10(-3) m(2) s(-1), well above a typical value of 10(-5) m(2) s(-1) commonly found in the ocean thermocline and over shelves with flat topography. On the upstream side, estimated eddy diffusivities were close to that for the ocean thermocline, i.e., they were generally less than 0.5x10(-4) m(2) s(-1). C1 [Jarosz, Ewa; Wijesekera, Hemantha W.; Teague, William J.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Fribance, Diane B.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Conway, SC USA. [Moline, Mark A.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. RP Jarosz, E (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM ewa.jarosz@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; BOEM [M10PG00038]; ONR [N00014-13-1-0223] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research in a NRL project referred to as "Mixing Over Rough Topography (MORT)" and by the BOEM in the project referred to as "Currents Over Banks (COB)" through the Interagency Agreement M10PG00038. Support for Mark Moline was provided through the ONR grant N00014-13-1-0223. The measurements were made in cooperation with the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). An assistance provided by Alexis Lugo-Fernandez of the BOEM, Emma Hickerson of the NOAA, and the crews of the R/V Pelican and the R/V Manta during the experiment was very much appreciated. Observations presented in the manuscript are open-access data. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP PY 2014 VL 119 IS 9 BP 6403 EP 6421 DI 10.1002/2014JC009934 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AR9FW UT WOS:000343879200046 ER PT J AU Healy, LM AF Healy, Liam M. TI Lambert Targeting for On-Orbit Delivery of Debris Remediation Dust SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION AB Tungsten dust used as an artificial atmosphere to aid in deorbiting of space debris should be deployed soon after a fragmentation to be effective, before the delta-v imparted to each fragment and orbit perturbations spreads the debris so far apart that an impractically large amount of dust must be used. Maneuvering a spacecraft carrying a sufficient amount of dust and launched in advance of need is one way of reaching the target region quickly; the question addressed here is whether a significant fraction of possible fragmentations can be reached with a vehicle with a realistic fuel capacity. Lambert targeting is computed to reach the point of need at the correct elapsed time from the dispatch time and place. The time delay may be varied above some presumed minimum needed for fragmentation detection, communication, and maneuver initiation. With more than one vehicle on orbit, the fraction of fragmentations reachable in the requisite time increases. With just two vehicles, it is possible to reach 69% of orbits in the most populous altitude and inclination band of satellites, with a minimum 30 min delay between fragmentation and dispatch of cleanup vehicle. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Healy, LM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 8233, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1485 EP 1491 DI 10.2514/1.A32634 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AR8AH UT WOS:000343797500009 ER PT J AU Moshman, ND Proulx, RJ AF Moshman, Nathan D. Proulx, Ronald J. TI Range Improvements in Gliding Reentry Vehicles from Thrust Capability SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID CRUISE AB There are diverse applications in which control of a gliding hypersonic reentry vehicle is needed. Recently, it has become feasible to predict the maximum reachable footprint a vehicle can achieve given a span of boundary conditions and constraints. This capability is being newly incorporated into the vehicle design process. The present work demonstrates a method to quickly approximate a footprint area and how such predictions can be informative to design considerations and trajectory planning. The novel design feature investigated is the presence, or absence, of an engine thrusting axially along the vehicle body. Three pairs of notional vehicles, one designed with an engine and one without, are motivated. Reachable footprint dimensions are presented for each and compared over the constraint space and engine design. It is shown that the performance increase, due to the presence of an engine, is most dramatically seen in a situation where a reentry vehicle must divert from a preplanned trajectory. In such a scenario, as time to target decreases, the ratio of reachable footprint area of a vehicle with an engine to that without significantly increases. This insight demonstrates new trade space analysis to inform vehicle design. C1 [Moshman, Nathan D.; Proulx, Ronald J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Moshman, ND (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, 700 Dyer Road, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1681 EP 1694 DI 10.2514/1.A32764 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AR8AH UT WOS:000343797500024 ER PT J AU Buson, S Longo, F Larsson, S Cutini, S Finke, J Ciprini, S Ojha, R D'Ammando, F Donato, D Thompson, DJ Desiante, R Bastieri, D Wagner, S Hauser, M Fuhrmann, L Dutka, M Muller, C Kadler, M Angelakis, E Zensus, JA Stevens, J Blanchard, JM Edwards, PG Lovell, JEJ Gurwell, MA Wehrle, AE Zook, A AF Buson, S. Longo, F. Larsson, S. Cutini, S. Finke, J. Ciprini, S. Ojha, R. D'Ammando, F. Donato, D. Thompson, D. J. Desiante, R. Bastieri, D. Wagner, S. Hauser, M. Fuhrmann, L. Dutka, M. Mueller, C. Kadler, M. Angelakis, E. Zensus, J. A. Stevens, J. Blanchard, J. M. Edwards, P. G. Lovell, J. E. J. Gurwell, M. A. Wehrle, A. E. Zook, A. TI Unusual flaring activity in the blazar PKS 1424-418 during 2008-2011 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; quasars: individual: PKS 1424-418; gamma rays: galaxies; galaxies: jets ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; GAMMA-RAY FLARE; GALACTIC NUCLEI; COMPTON ANALYSIS; SOURCE CATALOG; RADIO-SOURCES; 3C 454.3; VARIABILITY; EMISSION; MISSION AB Context. Blazars are a subset of active galactic nuclei (AGN) with jets that are oriented along our line of sight. Variability and spectral energy distribution (SED) studies are crucial tools for understanding the physical processes responsible for observed AGN emission. Aims. We report peculiar behavior in the bright gamma-ray blazar PKS 1424 418 and use its strong variability to reveal information about the particle acceleration and interactions in the jet. Methods. Correlation analysis of the extensive optical coverage by the ATOM telescope and nearly continuous gamma-ray coverage by the Fermi Large Area Telescope is combined with broadband, time-dependent modeling of the SED incorporating supplemental information from radio and X-ray observations of this blazar. Results. We analyse in detail four bright phases at optical-GeV energies. These flares of PKS 1424-418 show high correlation between these energy ranges, with the exception of one large optical flare that coincides with relatively low gamma-ray activity. Although the optical/gamma-ray behavior of PKS 1424-418 shows variety, the multiwavelength modeling indicates that these differences can largely be explained by changes in the flux and energy spectrum of the electrons in the jet that are radiating. We find that for all flares the SED is adequately represented by a leptonic model that includes inverse Compton emission from external radiation fields with similar parameters. Conclusions. Detailed studies of individual blazars like PKS 1424 418 during periods of enhanced activity in different wavebands are helping us identify underlying patterns in the physical parameters in this class of AGN. C1 [Buson, S.; Bastieri, D.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Buson, S.; Bastieri, D.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Longo, F.; Desiante, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Alballova, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.] Alballova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cutini, S.; Ciprini, S.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Cutini, S.; Ciprini, S.] Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Finke, J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ojha, R.; Donato, D.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [D'Ammando, F.; Kadler, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Donato, D.] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Donato, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Donato, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wagner, S.; Hauser, M.] Heidelberg Univ, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Fuhrmann, L.; Angelakis, E.; Zensus, J. A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Dutka, M.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Mueller, C.; Kadler, M.] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Mueller, C.; Kadler, M.] Dr Remeis Sternwarte Bamberg, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Kadler, M.] Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Kadler, M.] Univ Space Res Assoc USRA, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Stevens, J.] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, ATNF, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. [Blanchard, J. M.; Lovell, J. E. J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Edwards, P. G.] CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, ATNF, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Gurwell, M. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wehrle, A. E.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Zook, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Buson, S (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM sara.buson@pd.infn.it; francesco.longo@trieste.infn.it OI Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Angelakis, Emmanouil/0000-0001-7327-5441; Kadler, Matthias/0000-0001-5606-6154 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Department of Energy in the United States; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; Swedish National Space Board in Sweden; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; K. A. Wallenberg Foundation in Sweden; German Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG [Ts 17/2-1]; Commonwealth of Australia; Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; NASA through Fermi Guest Investigator grants [NNH10ZDA001N, NNH09ZDA001N]; [6090777] FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous on-going support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase from the following agencies is also gratefully acknowledged: the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation in Sweden for providing a grant in support of a Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Research fellowship for J.C. Part of this work was supported by the German Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG project number Ts 17/2-1. The Australian Long Baseline Array and the Australia Telescope Compact Array are part of the Australia Telescope National Facility which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. This research was funded in part by NASA through Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNH09ZDA001N and NNH10ZDA001N. This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. We thank Neil Gehrels and the Swift team for scheduling our Target of Opportunity requests. This research was enabled in part through Swift Guest Investigator grants 6090777. We thank Silvia Raino for useful comments and suggestions. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 569 AR A40 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201423367 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AQ8PZ UT WOS:000343092100038 ER PT J AU Lee, E Lukin, VS Linton, MG AF Lee, E. Lukin, V. S. Linton, M. G. TI On flux rope stability and atmospheric stratification in models of coronal mass ejections triggered by flux emergence SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic reconnection; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: flares; plasmas; Sun: oscillations ID MAGNETIC-FIELD EVOLUTION; MHD WAVE-PROPAGATION; CUSP-SHAPED ARCADE; ACTIVE-REGION; SOLAR ATMOSPHERE; CURRENT SHEET; RECONNECTION; NEIGHBORHOOD; FLARE; NULL AB Context. Flux emergence is widely recognized as playing an important role in the initiation of coronal mass ejections. The Chen & Shibata model (Chen & Shibata 2000, ApJ, 545, 524), which addresses the connection between emerging flux and flux rope eruptions, can be implemented numerically to study how emerging flux through the photosphere can affect the eruption of a pre-existing coronal flux rope. Aims. The model's sensitivity to the initial conditions and reconnection microphysics is investigated with a parameter study. In particular, we aim to understand the stability of the coronal flux rope in the context of X-point collapse, as well as the effects of boundary driving in both unstratified and stratified atmospheres. Methods. A modified version of the Chen & Shibata model is implemented in a code with high numerical accuracy with different combinations of initial parameters governing the magnetic equilibrium and gravitational stratification of the atmosphere. In the absence of driving, we assess the behavior of waves in the vicinity of the X-point. With boundary driving applied, we study the effects of reconnection microphysics and atmospheric stratification on the eruption. Results. We find that the Chen & Shibata equilibrium can be unstable to an X-point collapse even in the absence of driving due to wave accumulation at the X-point. However, the equilibrium can be stabilized by reducing the compressibility of the plasma, which allows small-amplitude waves to pass through the X-point without accumulation. Simulations with the photospheric boundary driving evaluate the impact of reconnection microphysics and atmospheric stratification on the resulting dynamics: we show the evolution of the system to be determined primarily by the structure of the global magnetic fields with little sensitivity to the microphysics of magnetic reconnection; and in a stratified atmosphere, we identify a novel mechanism for producing quasi-periodic behavior at the reconnection site behind a rising flux rope as a possible explanation of similar phenomena observed in solar and stellar flares. C1 [Lee, E.; Lukin, V. S.; Linton, M. G.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, E (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NASA SRT program; NASA LWS program; ONR 6.1 program FX E.L. thanks Neil Sheeley for his valuable insights into solving the hyperbolic function integrals. This work was supported by the NASA SR&T and LWS programs, as well as ONR 6.1 program. Simulations were performed under grants of computer time from the US DOD HPC program and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the US DOE Office of Science. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 569 AR A94 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201423739 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AQ8PZ UT WOS:000343092100058 ER PT J AU Nordeen, CA Schwer, D Schauer, F Hoke, J Barber, T Cetegen, B AF Nordeen, C. A. Schwer, D. Schauer, F. Hoke, J. Barber, Th. Cetegen, B. TI Thermodynamic model of a rotating detonation engine SO COMBUSTION EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article DE rotating detonation engine; continuous detonation; thermodynamic model; ZND model; velocity triangles; Euler turbine equation; swirl ID PROPULSION; COMBUSTION; CHAMBER AB The conventional Zel'dovich-von Neumann-Doring (ZND) detonation theory is modified with two-dimensional velocity vectors to account for the performance and steady-state flow features of a rotating detonation engine. The developed analytical model explains many of the steady-state features of the rotating detonation and its thermodynamics. The generation of swirl is shown to be the primary mechanism of energy transfer. C1 [Nordeen, C. A.; Barber, Th.; Cetegen, B.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Schwer, D.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr React Flow & Dynam Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schauer, F.] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hoke, J.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Nordeen, CA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM can03005@engr.uconn.edu FU Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc. FX This work was sponsored by a contract from Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 31 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0010-5082 EI 1573-8345 J9 COMBUST EXPLO SHOCK+ JI Combust. Explos. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 50 IS 5 BP 568 EP 577 DI 10.1134/S0010508214050128 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA AR6WB UT WOS:000343720000012 ER PT J AU Levina, GV Montgomery, MT AF Levina, G. V. Montgomery, M. T. TI Numerical Diagnosis of Tropical Cyclogenesis Based on a Hypothesis of Helical Self-Organization of Moist Convective Atmospheric Turbulence SO DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HOT TOWERS AB A novel diagnosis for tropical cyclogenesis is presented by examining helical self-organization of moist convective atmospheric turbulence in a rotating, non-homogeneous atmosphere. Our original research approach employed near-cloud-resolving numerical simulations, which allows quantitative diagnosis of cyclogenesis when the primary and secondary circulations in a forming hurricane vortex become linked by deep rotating cumulonimbus cores-Vortical Hot Towers (VHTs). It is shown here how the generated linkage makes the nascent vortex an integral helical system and allows a positive energetic feedback between the circulations that, with adequate moisture fluxes from the underlying sea surface to maintain convective instability, provides a self-sustaining amplification process on the system-scale circulation. The performed investigation suggests that diagnoses using helicity may not only provide an answer to the important question of when will cyclogenesis commence, given a favorable tropical environment, but will help develop a universally accepted definition of tropical cyclogenesis that does not yet exist. C1 [Levina, G. V.] Inst Continuous Media Mech UB RAS, Perm, Russia. [Levina, G. V.] Space Res Inst RAS, Moscow, Russia. [Montgomery, M. T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Levina, GV (reprint author), Inst Continuous Media Mech UB RAS, Perm, Russia. EM levina@icmm.ru; mtmontgo@nps.edu FU Russian Academy of Sciences (OEM-MPU Program) [12-T-1-1008]; U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM-0733380] FX We would like to thank G. S. Golitsyn, H.-K. Moffatt, R. Hide (correspondence), M. McIntyre, K. Emanuel, T. Dunkerton, and L. Kh. Ingel, for stimulating discussions. G. L. is grateful to S. Barve, for his help and consultations in organization of the numerical simulations. This work was supported by the Russian Academy of Sciences (OEM-MPU Program 12-T-1-1008), and the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant ATM-0733380. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1028-334X EI 1531-8354 J9 DOKL EARTH SCI JI Dokl. Earth Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 458 IS 1 BP 1143 EP 1148 DI 10.1134/S1028334X14090189 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AR4ZU UT WOS:000343595700023 ER PT J AU Liu, JL Zabetakis, D Walper, SA Goldman, ER Anderson, GP AF Liu, Jinny L. Zabetakis, Dan Walper, Scott A. Goldman, Ellen R. Anderson, George P. TI Bioconjugates of rhizavidin with single domain antibodies as bifunctional immunoreagents SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Single domain antibodies; Streptavidin; Rhizavidin; Ricin; Surface plasmon resonance; MAGPIX ID STREPTAVIDIN FUSION PROTEIN; HEAVY-CHAIN ANTIBODIES; CORE-STREPTAVIDIN; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; FRAGMENTS; SELECTION; IMMUNOASSAYS; COMPLEXES; MOLECULE; PHAGE AB Use of the avidin-biotin binding interaction for immunoassay applications is widespread. One advantageous immunoreagent is the recombinant fusion of an antibody fragment with a biotin binding protein. These genetic fusions alleviate the need to prepare chemical conjugates to achieve molecules that combine target recognition with signal transduction or to facilitate the directional immobilization of the binding element. In order for such a fusion protein to be useful, however, it must be able to be produced in good yield. Unfortunately, recombinant production of avidin or streptavidin as well as bioconjugates derived thereof has been problematic An alternative biotin binding molecule called rhizavidin has been described, which forms a homodimer instead of a tetramer, but it has not been evaluated in genetic fusions with antibody binding domains. Single domain antibodies, the variable domain derived from camelid heavy chain only antibodies, offer binding domains with high affinity, and solubility that are well expressed in Escherichia coli. In this work, we prepared an anti-ricin single domain antibody - rhizavidin bioconjugate and evaluated it on the basis of its production in E. coli and on its activity in comparison to a streptavidin core bioconjugate and unfused single domain antibody. The single domain antibody-rhizavidin bioconjugate produced much better than its streptavidin core counterparts, yielding an average of 14 mg/L, a 20-fold improvement. When used in assays the rhizavidin conjugate provided the same desirable characteristics as the streptavidin core fusion as both capture and detection reagents. Since rhizavidin and single domain antibodies both display impressive thermal stabilities their fusion provides a route to achieve robust bifunctional immunoreagents. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, Jinny L.; Zabetakis, Dan; Walper, Scott A.; Goldman, Ellen R.; Anderson, George P.] Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave Sw, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.anderson@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory [6.1, 6.2] FX The work presented in this paper was supported by the Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 and 6.2 base funding. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 EI 1872-7905 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD SEP PY 2014 VL 411 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2014.06.004 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA AR6HH UT WOS:000343684400004 PM 24946086 ER PT J AU Malone, ML Trost, CS Firestone, C Mullen, T Krebs, WK AF Malone, Michael L. Trost, Christopher S. Firestone, Courtney Mullen, Tom Krebs, William K. TI Maximizing Value Across the Lifecycle of Long-lived, Capital-intensive Assets SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB It is exceptionally difficult, if not impossible, to manage and operate a complex, long-lived asset in a way that derives maximum value across the entire service life. Maintenance of complex engineered systems tends to be focused on a short-term perspective relative to the asset lifecycle because of the difficulty understanding and quantifying the systemic drivers of material condition over time. The rate of deterioration in material condition increases exponentially over time when assets are not fully maintained. This can lead to short-term maintenance decisions reducing the asset's effective lifetime without explicit consideration of the net loss in asset use or value. A top-down asset maintenance framework and method to quantify the material condition over the asset life cycle under different scenarios is needed to maximize the lifecycle value of complex engineered systems and assets. Frequent and unexpected material problems on U.S. Navy ships in 2009 led the U.S. Navy surface fleet to realize that past maintenance and modernization decisions had resulted in ship conditions much worse than expected (Balisle 2010). Ship performance and the ability to reach planned service life had been compromised over many years, potentially costing the Navy billions of dollars in early replacements. In response, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) sponsored a project with the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) under a Total Ownership Cost (TOC) research initiative to find a way to effectively manage the life cycle value of complex assets, like warships, on a day-to-day / year-to-year basis. The project developed a maintenance framework capable of assessing ship material condition, expected life cycle and risk of failure over the course of the ship's life to influence short-term maintenance and operational decisions. The framework became the basis for a dynamic simulation model of surface combatant material condition, which was validated with historical material inspection scores. The framework and simulation model provide actionable insight in support of maintenance and modernization management, and can be readily adapted to other complex engineered systems. C1 [Malone, Michael L.] US Fleet Forces Command, Norfolk, VA 23551 USA. [Firestone, Courtney] PA Consulting Grp, New York, NY 10174 USA. [Krebs, William K.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 EI 1559-3584 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 126 IS 3 BP 67 EP 79 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AR5QU UT WOS:000343639500007 ER PT J AU Lin, KY MacKay, NJ AF Lin, Kyle Y. MacKay, Niall J. TI The optimal policy for the one-against-many heterogeneous Lanchester model SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Military; Combat models; Attrition warfare; Targeting; Lanchester's laws ID SQUARE-LAW; FORCE; ALLOCATION; BATTLE; GAME AB We find the optimal fire distribution for the one-against-many Lanchester aimed-fired model, in which a homogeneous Blue force fights a mixed Red force with several distinct types. Each unit of Blue force kills Red type i at rate b(i), while each type-i Red unit kills Blue at rate r(i). We show that Blue's optimal dynamical policy is to, at any give time, allocate all its fire to the surviving Red type for which the value of b(i)r(i) is highest. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lin, Kyle Y.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [MacKay, Niall J.] Univ York, Dept Math, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Lin, KY (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kylin@nps.edu; niall.mackay@york.ac.uk NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 EI 1872-7468 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 42 IS 6-7 BP 473 EP 477 DI 10.1016/j.orl.2014.08.008 PG 5 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA AR1NA UT WOS:000343350700021 ER PT J AU Smith, JP Coffin, RB AF Smith, Joseph P. Coffin, Richard B. TI Methane Flux and Authigenic Carbonate in Shallow Sediments Overlying Methane Hydrate Bearing Strata in Alaminos Canyon, Gulf of Mexico SO ENERGIES LA English DT Article DE methane; hydrate; Gulf of Mexico; Alaminos Canyon; sediments; porewaters; carbon cycling ID CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SEDIMENTS; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; PERDIDO FOLD BELT; GAS HYDRATE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; PORE-WATER; SULFATE REDUCTION; COLD SEEPS; PROFILES AB In June 2007 sediment cores were collected in Alaminos Canyon, Gulf of Mexico across a series of seismic data profiles indicating rapid transitions between the presence of methane hydrates and vertical gas flux. Vertical profiles of dissolved sulfate, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations in porewaters, headspace methane, and solid phase carbonate concentrations were measured at each core location to investigate the cycling of methane-derived carbon in shallow sediments overlying the hydrate bearing strata. When integrated with stable carbon isotope ratios of DIC, geochemical results suggest a significant fraction of the methane flux at this site is cycled into the inorganic carbon pool. The incorporation of methane-derived carbon into dissolved and solid inorganic carbon phases represents a significant sink in local carbon cycling and plays a role in regulating the flux of methane to the overlying water column at Alaminos Canyon. Targeted, high-resolution geochemical characterization of the biogeochemical cycling of methane-derived carbon in shallow sediments overlying hydrate bearing strata like those in Alaminos Canyon is critical to quantifying methane flux and estimating methane hydrate distributions in gas hydrate bearing marine sediments. C1 [Smith, Joseph P.] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Coffin, Richard B.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JP (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jpsmith@usna.edu; richard.coffin@tamucc.edu FU National Research Council (NRC) - U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Marine Biogeochemistry Section [6114] FX This work was supported, in part, through a National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Research Associateship sponsored by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Marine Biogeochemistry Section (Code 6114). This study was conducted as part of the NRL Seep and Methane Hydrate Advanced Research Initiative (ARI) model development in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Fieldwork planning integrated a preliminary geochemical survey for the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project (JIP) drilling on Alaminos Canyon, Block 818 and locations for field sampling and data collection were based on seismic profiles provide by WesternGeco after review by WesternGeco, NRL, NETL and Mineral Management Service (MMS). Special thanks to the AC-07 research team and their collaborators and the Captain and crew of the R/V Cape Hatteras. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 22 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1073 J9 ENERGIES JI Energies PD SEP PY 2014 VL 7 IS 9 BP 6118 EP 6141 DI 10.3390/en7096118 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA AQ8UX UT WOS:000343111600029 ER PT J AU Hamilton, TJ Qui, HZ Dozier, KVR Fuller, ZJ AF Hamilton, Theron J. Qui, Harry Z. Dozier, Katherine V. R. Fuller, Zachary J. TI Phentermine Interference and High L-Methamphetamine Concentration Problems in GC-EI-MS SIM Analyses of R-(2)-alpha-Methoxy-alpha-(Trifluoromethyl)Phenylacetyl Chloride-Derivatized Amphetamines and Methamphetamines SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In order to achieve chromatographic separation, urine samples shown to be initially positive for amphetamines and methamphetamines in US Department of Defense immunoassays are derivatized with R-(2)-alpha-methoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride (R-(2)-MTPA) prior to gas chromatography-electron impact-mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) analysis. Phentermine, a member of the phenethylamine class of drugs and a common appetite suppressant, interferes with GC-EI-MS assays of R-(2)-MTPA-derivatized D-amphetamine, degrading the chromatography of the internal standard and analyte ions and skewing concentration calculations. Additionally, when specimens with high concentrations of L-methamphetamine are derivatized with R-(2)-MTPA, signal peaks have the potential to be misidentified by integration software as D-methamphetamine. We have found that replacing R-(2) MTPA with (S)( 1)-alpha-methoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethyl) phenylacetyl chloride reduces phentermine interference problems related to internal standard chromatography, reduces the possibility of concentrated L-methamphetamine peaks being misidentified by integration software, improves resolution of D-methamphetamine in the presence of high L-methamphetamine concentrations, and is a cost-neutral change that can be applied to current amphetamines GC-EI-MS methods without the need for method modification. C1 [Hamilton, Theron J.; Qui, Harry Z.; Dozier, Katherine V. R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Fuller, Zachary J.] US Army Forens Toxicol Drug Testing Lab, Ft George G Meade, MD USA. RP Hamilton, TJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM theron@usna.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0146-4760 EI 1945-2403 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 38 IS 7 BP 456 EP 461 DI 10.1093/jat/bku069 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA AR1DV UT WOS:000343323700012 PM 24951536 ER PT J AU Anderson, T Koehler, A Hwang, YH Hsieh, YL Li, S Ren, F Johnson, JW Pearton, SJ AF Anderson, Travis Koehler, Andrew Hwang, Ya-Hsi Hsieh, Yueh-Ling Li, Shun Ren, Fan Johnson, Jerry Wayne Pearton, Stephen J. TI Effect of proton irradiation on thermal resistance and breakdown voltage of InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; OPERATION; DEVICES; GAN AB InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors were irradiated from the front side with 340 keV protons to a dose of 5 x 10(13) cm(-2). Raman thermography showed that the irradiated devices had higher channel temperatures than unirradiated control devices, but only by similar to 10% under typical biasing conditions. Accordingly, the irradiated devices have higher thermal resistance (400 degrees C/W) compared to reference devices (350 degrees C/W), based on the slope of the power versus channel temperature line. However, increases of 42% in off-state drain breakdown voltage (V-BR) and of >92% in critical voltage (V-cri) were observed for the proton irradiated HEMT. This is ascribed to the reduction of the peak electric field at the gate edges by similar to 50% through the introduction of negative trap charges created from vacancies generated by the proton irradiation. (C) 2014 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Anderson, Travis; Koehler, Andrew] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hwang, Ya-Hsi; Hsieh, Yueh-Ling; Li, Shun; Ren, Fan] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Johnson, Jerry Wayne] IQE Inc, Taunton, MA 02780 USA. [Pearton, Stephen J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Anderson, T (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu FU HDTRA [U.S. DOD HDTRA, 1-11-1-0020] FX The work at UF was supported by HDTRA (James Reed) under Contract No. U.S. DOD HDTRA Grant No. 1-11-1-0020, NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP PY 2014 VL 32 IS 5 AR 051203 DI 10.1116/1.48916291 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA AQ7ND UT WOS:000343003600005 ER PT J AU Deen, DA Storm, DF Meyer, DJ Bass, R Binari, SC Gougousi, T Evans, KR AF Deen, David A. Storm, David F. Meyer, David J. Bass, Robert Binari, Steven C. Gougousi, Theodosia Evans, Keith R. TI Impact of barrier thickness on transistor performance in AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown on free-standing GaN substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; HEMTS; F(T); GHZ AB A series of six ultrathin AlN/GaN heterostructures with varied AlN thicknesses from 1.5-6nm have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on free-standing hydride vapor phase epitaxy GaN substrates. High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were fabricated from the set in order to assess the impact of barrier thickness and homo-epitaxial growth on transistor performance. Room temperature Hall characteristics revealed mobility of 1700 cm(2)/V s and sheet resistance of 130 Omega/square for a 3 nm thick barrier, ranking amongst the lowest room-temperature sheet resistance values reported for a polarization-doped single heterostructure in the III-Nitride family. DC and small signal HEMT electrical characteristics from submicron gate length HEMTs further elucidated the effect of the AlN barrier thickness on device performance. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Deen, David A.; Storm, David F.; Meyer, David J.; Bass, Robert; Binari, Steven C.] Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gougousi, Theodosia] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Evans, Keith R.] Kyma Technol, Raleigh, NC 27617 USA. RP Deen, DA (reprint author), Seagate Technol, Read Head Operat, Bloomington, MN 55435 USA. EM david.deen@alumni.nd.edu RI Gougousi, Theodosia/C-8156-2014 FU Office of Naval Research; NSF [DMR-0846445] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge N. Green for device processing. D. A. Deen wishes to thank Huili (Grace) Xing at the University of Notre Dame for fruitful technical discussion. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Dr. P. Maki). The ALD work at UMBC was supported by NSF (DMR-0846445). NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 9 AR 093503 DI 10.1063/1.4895105 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AQ4FX UT WOS:000342749800059 ER PT J AU Nicholas, L Bingham, J Makquart, J AF Nicholas, Luke Bingham, Jonathan Makquart, Jason TI Percutaneous Buried Modification of the Purse-String Closure SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Letter ID SUTURE C1 [Nicholas, Luke] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Dermatol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Bingham, Jonathan; Makquart, Jason] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Mohs Surg Procedural Dermatol Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Nicholas, L (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Dermatol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1076-0512 EI 1524-4725 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1052 EP 1054 PG 4 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA AQ8AC UT WOS:000343041500021 PM 25099292 ER PT J AU Nagayama, S Sasao, T Butler, JT Thornton, MA Manikas, TW AF Nagayama, Shinobu Sasao, Tsutomu Butler, Jon T. Thornton, Mitchell A. Manikas, Theodore W. TI On Optimizations of Edge-Valued MDDs for Fast Analysis of Multi-State Systems SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE minimization algorithm of the number of edges; EVMDDs; grouping variables for optimization of decision diagrams; multi-state systems; system analysis using decision diagrams ID DECISION DIAGRAMS; COMPONENTS; MINIMIZATION AB In the optimization of decision diagrams, variable reordering approaches are often used to minimize the number of nodes. However, such approaches are less effective for analysis of multi-state systems given by monotone structure functions. Thus, in this paper, we propose algorithms to minimize the number of edges in an edge-valued multi-valued decision diagram (EVMDD) for fast analysis of multi-state systems. The proposed algorithms minimize the number of edges by grouping multi-valued variables into larger-valued variables. By grouping multi-valued variables, we can reduce the number of nodes as well. To show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, we compare the proposed algorithms with conventional optimization algorithms based on a variable reordering approach. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms reduce the number of edges by up to 15% and the number of nodes by up to 47%, compared to the conventional ones. This results in a speed-up of the analysis of multi-state systems by about three times. C1 [Nagayama, Shinobu] Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Engn, Hiroshima 7313194, Japan. [Sasao, Tsutomu] Meiji Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2148571, Japan. [Butler, Jon T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Thornton, Mitchell A.; Manikas, Theodore W.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Nagayama, S (reprint author), Hiroshima City Univ, Dept Comp & Network Engn, Hiroshima 7313194, Japan. EM s_naga@hiroshima-cu.ac.jp; sasao@cs.meiji.ac.jp; jon_butler@msn.com; mitch@lyle.smu.edu; manikas@lyle.smu.edu FU JSPS [25330071] FX This research is partly supported by the JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), (No. 25330071), 2014. The reviewers' comments were helpful in improving this paper. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 1745-1361 J9 IEICE T INF SYST JI IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. PD SEP PY 2014 VL E97D IS 9 BP 2234 EP 2242 DI 10.1587/transinf.2013LOP0011 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AQ4RA UT WOS:000342784600004 ER PT J AU Park, J Kim, W Han, DK Ko, H AF Park, Jinsoo Kim, Wooil Han, David K. Ko, Hanseok TI Pre-Filtering Algorithm for Dual-Microphone Generalized Sidelobe Canceller Using General Transfer Function SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE speech enhancement; beamforming; adaptive signal processing; nonstationary noise AB We propose a new algorithm to suppress both stationary background noise and nonstationary directional interference noise in a speech enhancement system that employs the generalized sidelobe canceller. Our approach builds on advances in generalized sidelobe canceller design involving the transfer function ratio. Our system is composed of three stages. The first stage estimates the transfer function ratio on the acoustic path, from the nonstationary directional interference noise source to the microphones, and the powers of the stationary background noise components. Secondly, the estimated powers of the stationary background noise components are used to execute spectral subtraction with respect to input signals. Finally, the estimated transfer function ratio is used for speech enhancement on the primary channel, and an adaptive filter reduces the residual correlated noise components of the signal. These algorithmic improvements give consistently better performance than the transfer function generalized sidelobe canceller when input signal-to-noise ratio is 10 dB or lower. C1 [Park, Jinsoo; Ko, Hanseok] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, Wooil] Incheon Natl Univ, Sch Comp Sci Engn, Inchon, South Korea. [Han, David K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul, South Korea. EM hsko@korea.ac.kr FU Seoul RBD [WR080951] FX This research was supported by the Seoul R&BD (WR080951) Program. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 1745-1361 J9 IEICE T INF SYST JI IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. PD SEP PY 2014 VL E97D IS 9 BP 2533 EP 2536 DI 10.1587/transinf.2014EDL8026 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AQ4RA UT WOS:000342784600038 ER PT J AU Crum-Cianflone, NF Fairbank, JA Marmar, CR Schlenger, W AF Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Fairbank, John A. Marmar, Charlie R. Schlenger, William TI The Millennium Cohort Family Study: a prospective evaluation of the health and well-being of military service members and their families SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE psychology; family; military; epidemiology; mental health; deployments ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; COMBAT DEPLOYMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS; NONRESPONSE BIAS; CHILDREN; IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; PERSONNEL; SYMPTOMS; WAR AB The need to understand the impact of war on military families has never been greater than during the past decade, with more than three million military spouses and children affected by deployments to Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. Understanding the impact of the recent conflicts on families is a national priority, however, most studies have examined spouses and children individually, rather than concurrently as families. The Department of Defense (DoD) has recently initiated the largest study of military families in US military history (the Millennium Cohort Family Study), which includes dyads of military service members and their spouses (n>10,000). This study includes US military families across the globe with planned follow-up for 21+ years to evaluate the impact of military experiences on families, including both during and after military service time. This review provides a comprehensive description of this landmark study including details on the research objectives, methodology, survey instrument, ancillary data sets, and analytic plans. The Millennium Cohort Family Study offers a unique opportunity to define the challenges that military families experience, and to advance the understanding of protective and vulnerability factors for designing training and treatment programs that will benefit military families today and into the future. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA USA. [Fairbank, John A.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Fairbank, John A.] VA Midatlantic Mental Illness Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Marmar, Charlie R.] NYU, Dept Psychiat, Steven & Alexandra Cohen Vet Ctr Posttraumat Stre, Langone Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Schlenger, William] ABT Associates Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Crum-Cianflone, NF (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, 160 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM nancy32red@yahoo.com RI Fairbank, John/F-8972-2013 OI Fairbank, John/0000-0003-2604-7256 FU Department of Defense under Work Unit [N1240] FX This work represents report 13-XX, supported by the Department of Defense, under Work Unit No. N1240. This research was conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects (Protocol NHRC.2000.0007). NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1049-8931 EI 1557-0657 J9 INT J METH PSYCH RES JI Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 320 EP 330 DI 10.1002/mpr.1446 PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AQ5KO UT WOS:000342847500003 PM 24912670 ER PT J AU Little, BJ Lee, JS AF Little, Brenda J. Lee, Jason S. TI Microbiologically influenced corrosion: an update SO INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Microbiologically influenced corrosion; Sulphate reducing bacteria; Electrogenic bacteria; Electron acceptors; Microbial fuel cell ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; STAINLESS-STEELS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CREVICE CORROSION; BIOFUEL CELLS; MILD-STEEL; MANGANESE; BIOFILM; IRON; MICROORGANISMS AB Identification of any mechanism for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) requires an understanding of the specificity of metal/microbe/electrolyte interactions. Recent advancements in our understanding of MIC are related to recognition of the implications of this specificity. For example, under some circumstances, nutrients can accelerate rates of corrosion. In other cases the oxyanions in nutrients can inhibit localised corrosion. In some environments the absence of oxidisable carbon can force a shift in electron donor and may result in more aggressive corrosion than in the presence of oxidisable carbon. Non-corrosive biofilms can become corrosive with subtle changes in the environment, e.g., addition of electron shuttle compounds. The list of electron donors and acceptors related to MIC has been expanded in recognition of the metabolic flexibility that has been demonstrated for microorganisms. Recent research on microbial fuel cells and microbial batteries has added to our understanding of microbial/metal interactions. C1 [Little, Brenda J.; Lee, Jason S.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Little, BJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7303, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM brenda.little@nrlssc.navy.mil FU NRL 6.1 Base Program FX This work was supported by NRL 6.1 Base Program. NRL Publication number JA/7303-13-1812. NR 76 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 74 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0950-6608 EI 1743-2804 J9 INT MATER REV JI Int. Mater. Rev. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 59 IS 7 BP 384 EP 393 DI 10.1179/1743280414Y.0000000035 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AQ7BL UT WOS:000342967500002 ER PT J AU Kriebel, DL Gelman, JD AF Kriebel, David L. Gelman, Joseph D. TI A Coastal Flood Stage to Define Existing and Future Sea-Level Hazards SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea level rise; tidal statistics; flood stage ID RISE AB This paper explores the possible definition of a generic coastal flood stage (FS), an elevation at which significant flooding of local infrastructure is initiated, for regional or nationwide use in flood hazard analysis. By using monthly National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tidal gauge data from several coastal locations, a coastal FS based on the statistics of extreme high water events is proposed. This statistical FS is then compared to moderate and major FSs established by the National Weather Service with good agreement. Once adopted, the FS serves as a less ambiguous reference elevation or threshold to which the flooding potential of future storm events and sea-level rise can be compared and allows for consistent comparison between different sites. C1 [Kriebel, David L.; Gelman, Joseph D.] US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Gelman, JD (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM geiman@usna.edu NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1017 EP 1024 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00068.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AQ7BN UT WOS:000342967700013 ER PT J AU Garfinkel, SL AF Garfinkel, Simson L. TI The Prevalence of Encoded Digital Trace Evidence in the Nonfile Space of Computer Media SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; digital forensics; optimistic decompression; bulk_extractor; real data corpus; encoded nonfile; Microsoft Xpress; BASE64; GZIP; PDF; ZIP AB Forensically significant digital trace evidence that is frequently present in sectors of digital media not associated with allocated or deleted files. Modern digital forensic tools generally do not decompress such data unless a specific file with a recognized file type is first identified, potentially resulting in missed evidence. Email addresses are encoded differently for different file formats. As a result, trace evidence can be categorized as Plain in File (PF), Encoded in File (EF), Plain Not in File (PNF), or Encoded Not in File (ENF). The tool bulk_extractor finds all of these formats, but other forensic tools do not. A study of 961 storage devices purchased on the secondary market and shows that 474 contained encoded email addresses that were not in files (ENF). Different encoding formats are the result of different application programs that processed different kinds of digital trace evidence. Specific encoding formats explored include BASE64, GZIP, PDF, HIBER, and ZIP. C1 [Garfinkel, Simson L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Garfinkel, SL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, 1186 North Utah St, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM simsong@acm.org FU U.S. Department of Defense FX Funded by the U.S. Department of Defense. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1386 EP 1393 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.12528 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA AQ3GO UT WOS:000342679300031 PM 25053280 ER PT J AU Westphal, AJ Anderson, D Butterworth, AL Frank, DR Lettieri, R Marchant, W Von Korff, J Zevin, D Ardizzone, A Campanile, A Capraro, M Courtney, K Criswell, MN Crumpler, D Cwik, R Gray, FJ Hudson, B Imada, G Karr, J Wah, LLW Mazzucato, M Motta, PG Rigamonti, C Spencer, RC Woodrough, SB Santoni, IC Sperry, G Terry, JN Wordsworth, N Yahnke, T Allen, C Ansari, A Bajt, S Bastien, RK Bassim, N Bechtel, HA Borg, J Brenker, FE Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, M Burghammer, M Changela, H Cloetens, P Davis, AM Doll, R Floss, C Flynn, G Gainsforth, Z Grun, E Heck, PR Hillier, JK Hoppe, P Huth, J Hvide, B Kearsley, A King, AJ Lai, B Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Leonard, A Nittler, LR Ogliore, R Ong, WJ Postberg, F Price, MC Sandford, SA Tresseras, JAS Schmitz, S Schoonjans, T Silversmit, G Simionovici, AS Sole, VA Srama, R Stephan, T Sterken, VJ Stodolna, J Stroud, RM Sutton, S Trieloff, M Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Tyliszczak, T Vekemans, B Vincze, L Zolensky, ME AF Westphal, Andrew J. Anderson, David Butterworth, Anna L. Frank, David R. Lettieri, Robert Marchant, William Von Korff, Joshua Zevin, Daniel Ardizzone, Augusto Campanile, Antonella Capraro, Michael Courtney, Kevin Criswell, Mitchell N., III Crumpler, Dixon Cwik, Robert Gray, Fred Jacob Hudson, Bruce Imada, Guy Karr, Joel Wah, Lily Lau Wan Mazzucato, Michele Motta, Pier Giorgio Rigamonti, Carlo Spencer, Ronald C. Woodrough, Stephens B. Santoni, Irene Cimmino Sperry, Gerry Terry, Jean-Noel Wordsworth, Naomi Yahnke, Tom, Sr. Allen, Carlton Ansari, Asna Bajt, Sasa Bastien, Ron K. Bassim, Nabil Bechtel, Hans A. Borg, Janet Brenker, Frank E. Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark Burghammer, Manfred Changela, Hitesh Cloetens, Peter Davis, Andrew M. Doll, Ryan Floss, Christine Flynn, George Gainsforth, Zack Gruen, Eberhard Heck, Philipp R. Hillier, Jon K. Hoppe, Peter Huth, Joachim Hvide, Brit Kearsley, Anton King, Ashley J. Lai, Barry Leitner, Jan Lemelle, Laurence Leroux, Hugues Leonard, Ariel Nittler, Larry R. Ogliore, Ryan Ong, Wei Ja Postberg, Frank Price, Mark C. Sandford, Scott A. Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans Schmitz, Sylvia Schoonjans, Tom Silversmit, Geert Simionovici, Alexandre S. Sole, Vicente A. Srama, Ralf Stephan, Thomas Sterken, Veerle J. Stodolna, Julien Stroud, Rhonda M. Sutton, Steven Trieloff, Mario Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Tyliszczak, Tolek Vekemans, Bart Vincze, Laszlo Zolensky, Michael E. TI Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination I: Identification of tracks in aerogel SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Here, we report the identification of 69 tracks in approximately 250 cm(2) of aerogel collectors of the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector. We identified these tracks through Stardust@home, a distributed internet-based virtual microscope and search engine, in which > 30,000 amateur scientists collectively performed >9 x 10(7) searches on approximately 10(6) fields of view. Using calibration images, we measured individual detection efficiency, and found that the individual detection efficiency for tracks > 2.5 mu m in diameter was >0.6, and was >0.75 for tracks >3 mu m in diameter. Because most fields of view were searched >30 times, these results could be combined to yield a theoretical detection efficiency near unity. The initial expectation was that interstellar dust would be captured at very high speed. The actual tracks discovered in the Stardust collector, however, were due to low-speed impacts, and were morphologically strongly distinct from the calibration images. As a result, the detection efficiency of these tracks was lower than detection efficiency of calibrations presented in training, testing, and ongoing calibration. Nevertheless, as calibration images based on low-speed impacts were added later in the project, detection efficiencies for low-speed tracks rose dramatically. We conclude that a massively distributed, calibrated search, with amateur collaborators, is an effective approach to the challenging problem of identification of tracks of hypervelocity projectiles captured in aerogel. C1 [Westphal, Andrew J.; Anderson, David; Butterworth, Anna L.; Lettieri, Robert; Marchant, William; Von Korff, Joshua; Zevin, Daniel; Gainsforth, Zack; Stodolna, Julien] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Frank, David R.; Bastien, Ron K.] NASA JSC, ESCG, Houston, TX USA. [Ardizzone, Augusto] Red Team, Palermo, Italy. [Campanile, Antonella] Red Team, Reggio Emilia, Italy. [Capraro, Michael] Red Team, Riverview, MI USA. [Courtney, Kevin] Red Team, Ballwin, MO USA. [Criswell, Mitchell N., III] Dog Star Observ, Red Team, Pearce, AZ USA. [Crumpler, Dixon] Red Team, Durham, NC USA. [Cwik, Robert] Red Team, Silver City, NM USA. [Gray, Fred Jacob] Red Team, Hampton, SC USA. [Hudson, Bruce] Red Team, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Imada, Guy] Red Team, Brookings, OR USA. [Karr, Joel] Red Team, Kansas City, MO USA. [Wah, Lily Lau Wan] Red Team, Singapore, Singapore. [Mazzucato, Michele; Motta, Pier Giorgio] Red Team, Florence, Italy. [Rigamonti, Carlo] Red Team, Moncalieri, Italy. [Spencer, Ronald C.] Red Team, Leominster, MA USA. [Woodrough, Stephens B.] Red Team, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Santoni, Irene Cimmino] Red Team, Upper Saddle River, NJ USA. [Sperry, Gerry] Red Team, Tacoma, WA USA. [Terry, Jean-Noel] Red Team, Tarentaise, France. [Wordsworth, Naomi] Red Team, Wycombe, South Buckingha, England. [Yahnke, Tom, Sr.] Red Team, Louis, MO USA. [Allen, Carlton; Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA JSC, ARES, Houston, TX USA. [Ansari, Asna; Hvide, Brit] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Bajt, Sasa] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Bassim, Nabil; Stroud, Rhonda M.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. [Bechtel, Hans A.; Tyliszczak, Tolek] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Borg, Janet] IAS Orsay, Orsay, France. [Brenker, Frank E.; Schmitz, Sylvia] Goethe Univ, Geosci Inst, Frankfurt, Germany. [Bridges, John] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester, Leics, England. [Brownlee, Donald E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, Mark; Price, Mark C.] Univ Kent, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Burghammer, Manfred; Cloetens, Peter; Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans; Sole, Vicente A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Changela, Hitesh] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Davis, Andrew M.; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doll, Ryan; Leonard, Ariel; Nittler, Larry R.; Ong, Wei Ja] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Flynn, George] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Gruen, Eberhard] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Heck, Philipp R.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Hillier, Jon K.; Postberg, Frank; Trieloff, Mario] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geowissensch, Heidelberg, Germany. [Hoppe, Peter; Huth, Joachim; Leitner, Jan] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [King, Ashley J.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [King, Ashley J.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Lai, Barry; Sutton, Steven] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. [Lemelle, Laurence] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Nittler, Larry R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schoonjans, Tom; Silversmit, Geert; Vekemans, Bart; Vincze, Laszlo] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Simionovici, Alexandre S.] Univ Grenoble, Observ Sci, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Srama, Ralf; Sterken, Veerle J.] Univ Stuttgart, IRS, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle J.] TU Braunschweig, IGEP, Braunschweig, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle J.] MPIK, Heidelberg, Germany. [Tsou, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tsuchiyama, Akira] Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. RP Westphal, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM westphal@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/J-9362-2014 OI Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/0000-0001-9047-3992 FU NASA [NNX09AC36G, NNH11AQ61I]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank Sean Brennan and Giles Graham for thoughtful comments, and John Bradley for editorial handling. The ISPE consortium gratefully acknowledges the NASA Discovery Program for Stardust, the fourth NASA Discovery mission. AJW, ALB, ZG, RL, DZ, WM, and JVK were supported by NASA grant NNX09AC36G. We thank Steve Boggs for astrophysical soft X-ray spectra. RMS, HCG, and NDB were supported by NASA grant NNH11AQ61I. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 9 SI SI BP 1509 EP 1521 DI 10.1111/maps.12168 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ6HT UT WOS:000342912100001 ER PT J AU Frank, DR Westphal, AJ Zolensky, ME Gainsforth, Z Butterworth, AL Bastien, RK Allen, C Anderson, D Ansari, A Bajt, S Bassim, N Bechtel, HA Borg, J Brenker, FE Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, M Burghammer, M Changela, H Cloetens, P Davis, AM Doll, R Floss, C Flynn, G Grun, E Heck, PR Hillier, JK Hoppe, P Hudson, B Huth, J Hvide, B Kearsley, A King, AJ Lai, B Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Leonard, A Lettieri, R Marchant, W Nittler, LR Ogliore, R Ong, WJ Postberg, F Price, MC Sandford, SA Tresseras, JAS Schmitz, S Schoonjans, T Silversmit, G Simionovici, AS Sole, VA Srama, R Stephan, T Sterken, VJ Stodolna, J Stroud, RM Sutton, S Trieloff, M Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Tyliszczak, T Vekemans, B Vincze, L Von Korff, J Wordsworth, N Zevin, D AF Frank, David R. Westphal, Andrew J. Zolensky, Michael E. Gainsforth, Zack Butterworth, Anna L. Bastien, Ronald K. Allen, Carlton Anderson, David Ansari, Asna Bajt, Sasa Bassim, Nabil Bechtel, Hans A. Borg, Janet Brenker, Frank E. Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark Burghammer, Manfred Changela, Hitesh Cloetens, Peter Davis, Andrew M. Doll, Ryan Floss, Christine Flynn, George Gruen, Eberhard Heck, Philipp R. Hillier, Jon K. Hoppe, Peter Hudson, Bruce Huth, Joachim Hvide, Brit Kearsley, Anton King, Ashley J. Lai, Barry Leitner, Jan Lemelle, Laurence Leroux, Hugues Leonard, Ariel Lettieri, Robert Marchant, William Nittler, Larry R. Ogliore, Ryan Ong, Wei Ja Postberg, Frank Price, Mark C. Sandford, Scott A. Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans Schmitz, Sylvia Schoonjans, Tom Silversmit, Geert Simionovici, Alexandre S. Sole, Vicente A. Srama, Ralf Stephan, Thomas Sterken, Veerle J. Stodolna, Julien Stroud, Rhonda M. Sutton, Steven Trieloff, Mario Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Tyliszczak, Tolek Vekemans, Bart Vincze, Laszlo Von Korff, Joshua Wordsworth, Naomi Zevin, Daniel TI Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination II: Curating the interstellar dust collector, picokeystones, and sources of impact tracks SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IRON-NICKEL SULFIDES; RADIATION PRESSURE; COMETARY DUST; AEROGEL; PARTICLES; MISSION; FEATURES; GRAINS; DISKS; FOIL AB We discuss the inherent difficulties that arise during "ground truth" characterization of the Stardust interstellar dust collector. The challenge of identifying contemporary interstellar dust impact tracks in aerogel is described within the context of background spacecraft secondaries and possible interplanetary dust particles and beta-meteoroids. In addition, the extraction of microscopic dust embedded in aerogel is technically challenging. Specifically, we provide a detailed description of the sample preparation techniques developed to address the unique goals and restrictions of the Interstellar Preliminary Exam. These sample preparation requirements and the scarcity of candidate interstellar impact tracks exacerbate the difficulties. We also illustrate the role of initial optical imaging with critically important examples, and summarize the overall processing of the collection to date. C1 [Frank, David R.; Bastien, Ronald K.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, ESCG, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Westphal, Andrew J.; Gainsforth, Zack; Butterworth, Anna L.; Anderson, David; Lettieri, Robert; Marchant, William; Stodolna, Julien; Von Korff, Joshua; Zevin, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Zolensky, Michael E.; Allen, Carlton] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX USA. [Ansari, Asna; Davis, Andrew M.; Heck, Philipp R.; Hvide, Brit] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Bajt, Sasa] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Bassim, Nabil; Stroud, Rhonda M.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. [Bechtel, Hans A.; Tyliszczak, Tolek] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Borg, Janet] IAS Orsay, Orsay, France. [Brenker, Frank E.; Schmitz, Sylvia] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, Frankfurt, Germany. [Bridges, John] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester, Leics, England. [Brownlee, Donald E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, Mark; Price, Mark C.] Univ Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England. [Burghammer, Manfred; Cloetens, Peter; Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans; Sole, Vicente A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Changela, Hitesh] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Davis, Andrew M.; King, Ashley J.; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doll, Ryan; Floss, Christine; Leonard, Ariel; Ong, Wei Ja] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Flynn, George] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Gruen, Eberhard; Sterken, Veerle J.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hillier, Jon K.; Postberg, Frank; Trieloff, Mario] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geowissensch, Heidelberg, Germany. [Hoppe, Peter; Huth, Joachim; Leitner, Jan] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Lai, Barry; Sutton, Steven] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. [Lemelle, Laurence] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Lille 1, Lille, France. [Nittler, Larry R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Schoonjans, Tom; Silversmit, Geert; Vekemans, Bart; Vincze, Laszlo] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Simionovici, Alexandre S.] Univ Grenoble, Observ Sci, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Srama, Ralf] Univ Stuttgart, IRS, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle J.] TU Braunschweig, IGEP, Braunschweig, Germany. [Tsou, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tsuchiyama, Akira] Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. RP Frank, DR (reprint author), NASA Johnson Space Ctr, ESCG, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM david.r.frank@nasa.gov RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/J-9362-2014; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/0000-0001-9047-3992; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; FU NASA [NNX09AC36G, NNH11AQ61I]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank P. Wozniekiewicz and C. Engrand for their thoughtful reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. We also thank the AE John Bradley for his critical input and time and effort spent reviewing the ISPE manuscripts. The ISPE consortium gratefully acknowledges the NASA Discovery Program for Stardust, the fourth NASA Discovery mission. We are thankful for having the privilege of looking after the collection and are gratefully indebted to the 30,000+ dusters who made this possible. AJW, ALB, ZG, RL, DZ, WM and JVK were supported by NASA grant NNX09AC36G. RMS, HCG and NDB were supported by NASA grant NNH11AQ61I. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 9 SI SI BP 1522 EP 1547 DI 10.1111/maps.12147 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ6HT UT WOS:000342912100002 ER PT J AU Bechtel, HA Flynn, GJ Allen, C Anderson, D Ansari, A Bajt, S Bastien, RK Bassim, N Borg, J Brenker, FE Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, M Burghammer, M Butterworth, AL Changela, H Cloetens, P Davis, AM Doll, R Floss, C Frank, DR Gainsforth, Z Grun, E Heck, PR Hillier, JK Hoppe, P Hudson, B Huth, J Hvide, B Kearsley, A King, AJ Lai, B Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Leonard, A Lettieri, R Marchant, W Nittler, LR Ogliore, R Ong, WJ Postberg, F Price, MC Sandford, SA Tresseras, JAS Schmitz, S Schoonjans, T Silversmit, G Simionovici, AS Sole, VA Srama, R Stadermann, FJ Stephan, T Sterken, VJ Stodolna, J Stroud, RM Sutton, S Trieloff, M Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Tyliszczak, T Vekemans, B Vincze, L Von Korff, J Westphal, AJ Wordsworth, N Zevin, D Zolensky, ME AF Bechtel, Hans A. Flynn, George J. Allen, Carlton Anderson, David Ansari, Asna Bajt, Sasa Bastien, Ron K. Bassim, Nabil Borg, Janet Brenker, Frank E. Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark Burghammer, Manfred Butterworth, Anna L. Changela, Hitesh Cloetens, Peter Davis, Andrew M. Doll, Ryan Floss, Christine Frank, David R. Gainsforth, Zack Gruen, Eberhard Heck, Philipp R. Hillier, Jon K. Hoppe, Peter Hudson, Bruce Huth, Joachim Hvide, Brit Kearsley, Anton King, Ashley J. Lai, Barry Leitner, Jan Lemelle, Laurence Leroux, Hugues Leonard, Ariel Lettieri, Robert Marchant, William Nittler, Larry R. Ogliore, Ryan Ong, Wei Ja Postberg, Frank Price, Mark C. Sandford, Scott A. Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans Schmitz, Sylvia Schoonjans, Tom Silversmit, Geert Simionovici, Alexandre S. Sole, Vicente A. Srama, Ralf Stadermann, Frank J. Stephan, Thomas Sterken, Veerle J. Stodolna, Julien Stroud, Rhonda M. Sutton, Steven Trieloff, Mario Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Tyliszczak, Tolek Vekemans, Bart Vincze, Laszlo Von Korff, Joshua Westphal, Andrew J. Wordsworth, Naomi Zevin, Daniel Zolensky, Michael E. TI Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination III: Infrared spectroscopic analysis of interstellar dust candidates SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMET 81P/WILD 2; CONSTRAINTS; ORGANICS; RETURN; LIGHT AB Under the auspices of the Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination, picokeystones extracted from the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector were examined with synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy to establish whether they contained extraterrestrial organic material. The picokeystones were found to be contaminated with varying concentrations and speciation of organics in the native aerogel, which hindered the search for organics in the interstellar dust candidates. Furthermore, examination of the picokeystones prior to and post X-ray microprobe analyses yielded evidence of beam damage in the form of organic deposition or modification, particularly with hard X-ray synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. From these results, it is clear that considerable care must be taken to interpret any organics that might be in interstellar dust particles. For the interstellar candidates examined thus far, however, there is no clear evidence of extraterrestrial organics associated with the track and/or terminal particles. However, we detected organic matter associated with the terminal particle in Track 37, likely a secondary impact from the Al-deck of the sample return capsule, demonstrating the ability of synchrotron FTIR to detect organic matter in small particles within picokeystones from the Stardust interstellar dust collector. C1 [Bechtel, Hans A.; Tyliszczak, Tolek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Flynn, George J.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Allen, Carlton; Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX USA. [Anderson, David; Butterworth, Anna L.; Gainsforth, Zack; Lettieri, Robert; Marchant, William; Stodolna, Julien; Von Korff, Joshua; Westphal, Andrew J.; Zevin, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Ansari, Asna; Heck, Philipp R.; Hvide, Brit; King, Ashley J.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Bajt, Sasa] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Bastien, Ron K.; Frank, David R.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, ESCG, Houston, TX USA. [Bassim, Nabil; Stroud, Rhonda M.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. [Borg, Janet] IAS Orsay, Orsay, France. [Brenker, Frank E.; Schmitz, Sylvia] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, Frankfurt, Germany. [Bridges, John] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester, Leics, England. [Brownlee, Donald E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, Mark; Price, Mark C.] Univ Kent, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Burghammer, Manfred; Cloetens, Peter; Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans; Sole, Vicente A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Changela, Hitesh] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Davis, Andrew M.; King, Ashley J.; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doll, Ryan; Floss, Christine; Leonard, Ariel; Ong, Wei Ja; Stadermann, Frank J.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Gruen, Eberhard; Sterken, Veerle J.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hillier, Jon K.; Postberg, Frank; Trieloff, Mario] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geowissensch, Heidelberg, Germany. [Hoppe, Peter; Huth, Joachim; Leitner, Jan] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Lai, Barry; Sutton, Steven] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. [Lemelle, Laurence] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Lille 1, Lille 1, France. [Nittler, Larry R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Postberg, Frank; Srama, Ralf; Sterken, Veerle J.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Raumfahrtsyst, Stuttgart, Germany. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Schoonjans, Tom; Silversmit, Geert; Vekemans, Bart; Vincze, Laszlo] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Simionovici, Alexandre S.] Univ Grenoble, Observ Sci, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Sterken, Veerle J.] TU Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterrestr Phys, Braunschweig, Germany. [Tsou, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tsuchiyama, Akira] Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. RP Bechtel, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM habechtel@lbl.gov RI Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/J-9362-2014; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; OI Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/0000-0001-9047-3992; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 FU NASA Laboratory Analysis of Returned Samples research grant [NNX11AE15G]; NASA [NNX09AC36G, NNH11AQ61I]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The ISPE consortium gratefully acknowledges the NASA Discovery Program for Stardust, the fourth NASA Discovery mission. GJF was supported by a NASA Laboratory Analysis of Returned Samples research grant NNX11AE15G. AJW, ALB, ZG, RL, DZ, WM, and JVK were supported by NASA grant NNX09AC36G. RMS, HCG, and NDB were supported by NASA grant NNH11AQ61I. The ALS is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Use of the NSLS, BNL, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 9 SI SI BP 1548 EP 1561 DI 10.1111/maps.12125 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ6HT UT WOS:000342912100003 ER PT J AU Butterworth, AL Westphal, AJ Tyliszczak, T Gainsforth, Z Stodolna, J Frank, DR Allen, C Anderson, D Ansari, A Bajt, S Bastien, RK Bassim, N Bechtel, HA Borg, J Brenker, FE Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, M Burghammer, M Changela, H Cloetens, P Davis, AM Doll, R Floss, C Flynn, G Grun, E Heck, PR Hillier, JK Hoppe, P Hudson, B Huth, J Hvide, B Kearsley, A King, AJ Lai, B Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Leonard, A Lettieri, R Marchant, W Nittler, LR Ogliore, R Ong, WJ Postberg, F Price, MC Sandford, SA Tresseras, JAS Schmitz, S Schoonjans, T Silversmit, G Simionovici, AS Sole, VA Srama, R Stadermann, FJ Stephan, T Sterken, VJ Stroud, RM Sutton, S Trieloff, M Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Vekemans, B Vincze, L Von Korff, J Wordsworth, N Zevin, D Zolensky, ME AF Butterworth, Anna L. Westphal, Andrew J. Tyliszczak, Tolek Gainsforth, Zack Stodolna, Julien Frank, David R. Allen, Carlton Anderson, David Ansari, Asna Bajt, Sasa Bastien, Ron K. Bassim, Nabil Bechtel, Hans A. Borg, Janet Brenker, Frank E. Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark Burghammer, Manfred Changela, Hitesh Cloetens, Peter Davis, Andrew M. Doll, Ryan Floss, Christine Flynn, George Gruen, Eberhard Heck, Philipp R. Hillier, Jon K. Hoppe, Peter Hudson, Bruce Huth, Joachim Hvide, Brit Kearsley, Anton King, Ashley J. Lai, Barry Leitner, Jan Lemelle, Laurence Leroux, Hugues Leonard, Ariel Lettieri, Robert Marchant, William Nittler, Larry R. Ogliore, Ryan Ong, Wei Ja Postberg, Frank Price, Mark C. Sandford, Scott A. Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans Schmitz, Sylvia Schoonjans, Tom Silversmit, Geert Simionovici, Alexandre S. Sole, Vicente A. Srama, Ralf Stadermann, Frank J. Stephan, Thomas Sterken, Veerle J. Stroud, Rhonda M. Sutton, Steven Trieloff, Mario Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Vekemans, Bart Vincze, Laszlo Von Korff, Joshua Wordsworth, Naomi Zevin, Daniel Zolensky, Michael E. TI Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination IV: Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy analyses of impact features in the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; K-EDGE; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MINERALS; AL; XANES; TEMPERATURE; MAGNESIUM; RANGE; MG AB We report the quantitative characterization by synchrotron soft X-ray spectroscopy of 31 potential impact features in the aerogel capture medium of the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector. Samples were analyzed in aerogel by acquiring high spatial resolution maps and high energy-resolution spectra of major rock-forming elements Mg, Al, Si, Fe, and others. We developed diagnostic screening tests to reject spacecraft secondary ejecta and terrestrial contaminants from further consideration as interstellar dust candidates. The results support an extraterrestrial origin for three interstellar candidates: I1043,1,30 (Orion) is a 3 pg particle with Mg-spinel, forsterite, and an iron-bearing phase. I1047,1,34 (Hylabrook) is a 4 pg particle comprising an olivine core surrounded by low-density, amorphous Mg-silicate and amorphous Fe, Cr, and Mn phases. I1003,1,40 (Sorok) has the track morphology of a high-speed impact, but contains no detectable residue that is convincingly distinguishable from the background aerogel. Twenty-two samples with an anthropogenic origin were rejected, including four secondary ejecta from impacts on the Stardust spacecraft aft solar panels, nine ejecta from secondary impacts on the Stardust Sample Return Capsule, and nine contaminants lacking evidence of an impact. Other samples in the collection included I1029,1,6, which contained surviving solar system impactor material. Four samples remained ambiguous: I1006,2,18, I1044,2,32, and I1092,2,38 were too dense for analysis, and we did not detect an intact projectile in I1044,3,33. We detected no radiation effects from the synchrotron soft X-ray analyses; however, we recorded the effects of synchrotron hard X-ray radiation on I1043,1,30 and I1047,1,34. C1 [Butterworth, Anna L.; Westphal, Andrew J.; Gainsforth, Zack; Stodolna, Julien; Anderson, David; Lettieri, Robert; Marchant, William; Von Korff, Joshua; Zevin, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tyliszczak, Tolek; Bechtel, Hans A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Frank, David R.; Bastien, Ron K.] NASA JSC, ESCG, Houston, TX USA. [Allen, Carlton; Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA JSC, ARES, Houston, TX USA. [Ansari, Asna; Heck, Philipp R.; Hvide, Brit] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Bajt, Sasa] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Bassim, Nabil; Stroud, Rhonda M.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. [Borg, Janet] Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. [Brenker, Frank E.; Schmitz, Sylvia] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, Frankfurt, Germany. [Bridges, John] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester, Leics, England. [Brownlee, Donald E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, Mark; Price, Mark C.] Univ Kent, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Burghammer, Manfred; Cloetens, Peter; Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans; Sole, Vicente A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Changela, Hitesh] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Davis, Andrew M.; King, Ashley J.; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doll, Ryan; Floss, Christine; Leonard, Ariel; Ong, Wei Ja; Stadermann, Frank J.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Flynn, George] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Gruen, Eberhard; Sterken, Veerle J.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hillier, Jon K.; Postberg, Frank; Trieloff, Mario] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geowissensch, Heidelberg, Germany. [Hoppe, Peter; Huth, Joachim; Leitner, Jan] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Lai, Barry; Sutton, Steven] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. [Lemelle, Laurence] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Lille, Lille, France. [Nittler, Larry R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Schoonjans, Tom; Silversmit, Geert; Vekemans, Bart; Vincze, Laszlo] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Simionovici, Alexandre S.] Univ Grenoble, Observ Sci, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Srama, Ralf; Sterken, Veerle J.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Raumfahrtsyst, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle J.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterrestr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Tsou, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tsuchiyama, Akira] Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. RP Butterworth, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM annab@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/J-9362-2014; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/0000-0001-9047-3992; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 FU NASA [NNX09AC36G, NNH11AQ61I]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The ISPE consortium gratefully acknowledges the NASA Discovery Program for Stardust, the fourth NASA Discovery mission. AJW, ALB, ZG, RL, DZ, WM, and JVK were supported by NASA grant NNX09AC36G. RMS, HCG, and NDB were supported by NASA grant NNH11AQ61I. The ALS is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We appreciate greatly the thorough reviews by one anonymous reviewer, John Bradley, and associate editor, Christian Koeberl. Their contributions improved the manuscript and helped to clarify key findings. We thank Steve Boggs for helpful discussions regarding X-ray dose estimates in the Interstellar Medium, and for providing diffuse X-ray data. We thank the Natural History Museum, London, for providing most of the standards used for acquiring the XANES spectra library in this work. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 9 SI SI BP 1562 EP 1593 DI 10.1111/maps.12220 PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ6HT UT WOS:000342912100004 ER PT J AU Brenker, FE Westphal, AJ Vincze, L Burghammer, M Schmitz, S Schoonjans, T Silversmit, G Vekemans, B Allen, C Anderson, D Ansari, A Bajt, S Bastien, RK Bassim, N Bechtel, HA Borg, J Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, M Butterworth, AL Changela, H Cloetens, P Davis, AM Doll, R Floss, C Flynn, G Fougeray, P Frank, DR Gainsforth, Z Grun, E Heck, PR Hillier, JK Hoppe, P Hudson, B Huth, J Hvide, B Kearsley, A King, AJ Lai, B Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Leonard, A Lettieri, R Marchant, W Nittler, LR Ogliore, R Ong, WJ Postberg, F Price, MC Sandford, SA Tresseras, JAS Simionovici, AS Sole, VA Srama, R Stadermann, F Stephan, T Sterken, VJ Stodolna, J Stroud, RM Sutton, S Trieloff, M Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Tyliszczak, T Von Korff, J Wordsworth, N Zevin, D Zolensky, ME AF Brenker, Frank E. Westphal, Andrew J. Vincze, Laszlo Burghammer, Manfred Schmitz, Sylvia Schoonjans, Tom Silversmit, Geert Vekemans, Bart Allen, Carlton Anderson, David Ansari, Asna Bajt, Sasa Bastien, Ron K. Bassim, Nabil Bechtel, Hans A. Borg, Janet Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark Butterworth, Anna L. Changela, Hitesh Cloetens, Peter Davis, Andrew M. Doll, Ryan Floss, Christine Flynn, George Fougeray, Patrick Frank, David R. Gainsforth, Zack Gruen, Eberhard Heck, Philipp R. Hillier, Jon K. Hoppe, Peter Hudson, Bruce Huth, Joachim Hvide, Brit Kearsley, Anton King, Ashley J. Lai, Barry Leitner, Jan Lemelle, Laurence Leroux, Hugues Leonard, Ariel Lettieri, Robert Marchant, William Nittler, Larry R. Ogliore, Ryan Ong, Wei Ja Postberg, Frank Price, Mark C. Sandford, Scott A. Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans Simionovici, Alexandre S. Sole, Vicente A. Srama, Ralf Stadermann, Frank Stephan, Thomas Sterken, Veerle J. Stodolna, Julien Stroud, Rhonda M. Sutton, Steven Trieloff, Mario Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Tyliszczak, Tolek Von Korff, Joshua Wordsworth, Naomi Zevin, Daniel Zolensky, Michael E. TI Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination V: XRF analyses of interstellar dust candidates at ESRF ID13 SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST; AEROGEL; OLIVINE AB Here, we report analyses by synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy of the elemental composition of eight candidate impact features extracted from the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector (SIDC). Six of the features were unambiguous tracks, and two were crater-like features. Five of the tracks are so-called "midnight" tracks-that is, they had trajectories consistent with an origin either in the interstellar dust stream or as secondaries from impacts on the Sample Return Capsule (SRC). In a companion paper reporting synchrotron X-ray diffraction analyses of ISPE candidates, we show that two of these particles contain natural crystalline materials: the terminal particle of track 30 contains olivine and spinel, and the terminal particle of track 34 contains olivine. Here, we show that the terminal particle of track 30, Orion, shows elemental abundances, normalized to Fe, that are close to CI values, and a complex, fine-grained structure. The terminal particle of track 34, Hylabrook, shows abundances that deviate strongly from CI, but shows little fine structure and is nearly homogenous. The terminal particles of other midnight tracks, 29 and 37, had heavy element abundances below detection threshold. A third, track 28, showed a composition inconsistent with an extraterrestrial origin, but also inconsistent with known spacecraft materials. A sixth track, with a trajectory consistent with secondary ejecta from an impact on one of the spacecraft solar panels, contains abundant Ce and Zn. This is consistent with the known composition of the glass covering the solar panel. Neither crater-like feature is likely to be associated with extraterrestrial materials. We also analyzed blank aerogel samples to characterize background and variability between aerogel tiles. We found significant differences in contamination levels and compositions, emphasizing the need for local background subtraction for accurate quantification. C1 [Brenker, Frank E.; Schmitz, Sylvia] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Westphal, Andrew J.; Anderson, David; Butterworth, Anna L.; Gainsforth, Zack; Lettieri, Robert; Marchant, William; Stodolna, Julien; Von Korff, Joshua; Zevin, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vincze, Laszlo; Schoonjans, Tom; Silversmit, Geert; Vekemans, Bart] Univ Ghent, Dept Analyt Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Burghammer, Manfred; Cloetens, Peter; Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans; Sole, Vicente A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Ansari, Asna; Hvide, Brit; King, Ashley J.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Bajt, Sasa] DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Bastien, Ron K.; Frank, David R.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ESCG, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Bassim, Nabil; Stroud, Rhonda M.] Naval Res Lab, Nanoscale Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bechtel, Hans A.; Tyliszczak, Tolek] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Borg, Janet] IAS Orsay, Orsay, France. [Bridges, John] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Brownlee, Donald E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, Mark; Price, Mark C.] Univ Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. [Changela, Hitesh] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Davis, Andrew M.; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doll, Ryan; Floss, Christine; Leonard, Ariel; Ong, Wei Ja; Stadermann, Frank] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Flynn, George] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Fougeray, Patrick] Chigy, Burgundy, Chigy, France. [Gruen, Eberhard] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Heck, Philipp R.; Hillier, Jon K.; Postberg, Frank] Inst Geowissensch, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hoppe, Peter; Huth, Joachim; Leitner, Jan] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Lai, Barry; Sutton, Steven] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lemelle, Laurence] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Lille 1, Unite Mat & Transformat UMR 8207, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Nittler, Larry R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetary Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Simionovici, Alexandre S.] Univ Grenoble, Observ Sci, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Srama, Ralf; Sterken, Veerle J.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Raumfahrtsyst, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Trieloff, Mario] Inst Geowissensch, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Tsou, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Tsuchiyama, Akira] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Osaka, Japan. RP Westphal, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM westphal@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/J-9362-2014; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; OI Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/0000-0001-9047-3992; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 FU NASA [NNX09AC36G, NNH11AQ61I]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; German Science Foundation (DFG) FX This manuscript was improved due to the thoughtful comments of John Bradley. The ISPE consortium gratefully acknowledge the NASA Discovery Program for Stardust, the fourth NASA Discovery mission. AJW, ALB, ZG, RL, DZ, WM, and JVK were supported by NASA grant NNX09AC36G. We thank Steve Boggs for astrophysical soft X-ray spectra. RMS, HCG, and NDB were supported by NASA grant NNH11AQ61I. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We like to thank the ESRF for the allocated beamtime at ID13, instrumental and technical support. FEB and SS were supported by funding of the German Science Foundation (DFG). NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 9 SI SI BP 1594 EP 1611 DI 10.1111/maps.12206 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ6HT UT WOS:000342912100005 ER PT J AU Simionovici, AS Lemelle, L Cloetens, P Sole, VA Tresseras, JAS Butterworth, AL Westphal, AJ Gainsforth, Z Stodolna, J Allen, C Anderson, D Ansari, A Bajt, S Bassim, N Bastien, RK Bechtel, HA Borg, J Brenker, FE Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, M Burghammer, M Changela, H Davis, AM Doll, R Floss, C Flynn, G Frank, DR Grun, E Heck, PR Hillier, JK Hoppe, P Hudson, B Huth, J Hvide, B Kearsley, A King, AJ Lai, B Leitner, J Leonard, A Leroux, H Lettieri, R Marchant, W Nittler, LR Ogliore, R Ong, WJ Postberg, F Price, MC Sandford, SA Schmitz, S Schoonjans, T Silversmit, G Srama, R Stadermann, FJ Stephan, T Sterken, VJ Stroud, RM Sutton, S Trieloff, M Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Tyliszczak, T Vekemans, B Vincze, L Von Korff, J Wordsworth, N Zevin, D Zolensky, ME AF Simionovici, Alexandre S. Lemelle, Laurence Cloetens, Peter Sole, Vicente A. Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans Butterworth, Anna L. Westphal, Andrew J. Gainsforth, Zack Stodolna, Julien Allen, Carlton Anderson, David Ansari, Asna Bajt, Sasa Bassim, Nabil Bastien, Ron K. Bechtel, Hans A. Borg, Janet Brenker, Frank E. Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark Burghammer, Manfred Changela, Hitesh Davis, Andrew M. Doll, Ryan Floss, Christine Flynn, George Frank, David R. Gruen, Eberhard Heck, Philipp R. Hillier, Jon K. Hoppe, Peter Hudson, Bruce Huth, Joachim Hvide, Brit Kearsley, Anton King, Ashley J. Lai, Barry Leitner, Jan Leonard, Ariel Leroux, Hugues Lettieri, Robert Marchant, William Nittler, Larry R. Ogliore, Ryan Ong, Wei Ja Postberg, Frank Price, Mark C. Sandford, Scott A. Schmitz, Sylvia Schoonjans, Tom Silversmit, Geert Srama, Ralf Stadermann, Frank J. Stephan, Thomas Sterken, Veerle J. Stroud, Rhonda M. Sutton, Steven Trieloff, Mario Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Tyliszczak, Tolek Vekemans, Bart Vincze, Laszlo Von Korff, Joshua Wordsworth, Naomi Zevin, Daniel Zolensky, Michael E. TI Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination VI: Quantitative elemental analysis by synchrotron X-ray fluorescence nanoimaging of eight impact features in aerogel SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMET 81P/WILD-2; SOLAR-SYSTEM; DUST; GRAINS; CLOUD; GAS AB Hard X-ray, quantitative, fluorescence elemental imaging was performed on the ID22NI nanoprobe and ID22 microprobe beam lines of the European Synchrotron Research facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France, on eight interstellar candidate impact features in the framework of the NASA Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination (ISPE). Three features were unambiguous tracks, and the other five were identified as possible, but not definite, impact features. Overall, we produced an absolute quantification of elemental abundances in the 15 <= Z <= 30 range by means of corrections of the beam parameters, reference materials, and fundamental atomic parameters. Seven features were ruled out as interstellar dust candidates (ISDC) based on compositional arguments. One of the three tracks, I1043,1,30,0,0, contained, at the time of our analysis, two physically separated, micrometer-sized terminal particles, the most promising ISDCs, Orion and Sirius. We found that the Sirius particle was a fairly homogenous Ni-bearing particle and contained about 33 fg of distributed high-Z elements (Z > 12). Orion was a highly heterogeneous Fe-bearing particle and contained about 59 fg of heavy elements located in hundred nanometer phases, forming an irregular mantle that surrounded a low-Z core. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed Sirius to be amorphous, whereas Orion contained partially crystalline material (Gainsforth et al. 2014). Within the mantle, one grain was relatively Fe-Ni-Mn-rich; other zones were relatively Mn-Cr-Ti-rich and may correspond to different spinel populations. For absolute quantification purposes, Orion was assigned to a mineralogical assemblage of forsterite, spinel, and an unknown Fe-bearing phase, while Sirius was most likely composed of an amorphous Mg-bearing material with minor Ni and Fe. Owing to its nearly chondritic abundances of the nonvolatile elements Ca, Ti, Co, and Ni with respect to Fe, in combination with the presence of olivine and spinel as inferred from XRD measurements, Orion had a high probability of being extraterrestrial in origin. C1 [Simionovici, Alexandre S.] Univ Grenoble, Observ Sci, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Lemelle, Laurence] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CNRS, LGL LJC, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Cloetens, Peter; Sole, Vicente A.; Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans; Burghammer, Manfred] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Butterworth, Anna L.; Westphal, Andrew J.; Gainsforth, Zack; Stodolna, Julien; Anderson, David; Lettieri, Robert; Marchant, William; Von Korff, Joshua; Zevin, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Allen, Carlton; Bastien, Ron K.; Frank, David R.; Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA JSC, ESCG, Houston, TX USA. [Ansari, Asna; Heck, Philipp R.; Hvide, Brit] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Bajt, Sasa] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Bassim, Nabil] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Bechtel, Hans A.; Tyliszczak, Tolek] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Brenker, Frank E.; Schmitz, Sylvia] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, Frankfurt, Germany. [Bridges, John] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester, Leics, England. [Brownlee, Donald E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, Mark; Price, Mark C.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Changela, Hitesh] George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Davis, Andrew M.; King, Ashley J.; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doll, Ryan; Floss, Christine; Leonard, Ariel; Ong, Wei Ja; Stadermann, Frank J.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Flynn, George] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Gruen, Eberhard; Leitner, Jan] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hillier, Jon K.; Postberg, Frank; Trieloff, Mario] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geowissensch, Heidelberg, Germany. [Hoppe, Peter; Huth, Joachim; Sterken, Veerle J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Lai, Barry; Sutton, Steven] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Nittler, Larry R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Schoonjans, Tom; Silversmit, Geert; Vekemans, Bart; Vincze, Laszlo] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Srama, Ralf; Sterken, Veerle J.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Raumfahrtsyst, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle J.] TU Braunschweig, IGEP, Braunschweig, Germany. [Stroud, Rhonda M.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. [Tsou, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tsuchiyama, Akira] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka, Japan. RP Simionovici, AS (reprint author), Univ Grenoble, Observ Sci, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. EM Alexandre.Simionovici@ujf-grenoble.fr RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/J-9362-2014; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/0000-0001-9047-3992; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X FU French "Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales" (CNES); NASA FX A. Simionovici and L. Lemelle acknowledge support from the French "Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales" (CNES). The Stardust mission was supported by NASA as the fourth mission in the Discovery program. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 9 SI SI BP 1612 EP 1625 DI 10.1111/maps.12208 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ6HT UT WOS:000342912100006 ER PT J AU Flynn, GJ Sutton, SR Lai, B Wirick, S Allen, C Anderson, D Ansari, A Bajt, S Bastien, RK Bassim, N Bechtel, HA Borg, J Brenker, FE Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, M Burghammer, M Butterworth, AL Changela, H Cloetens, P Davis, AM Doll, R Floss, C Frank, D Gainsforth, Z Grun, E Heck, PR Hillier, JK Hoppe, P Hudson, B Huth, J Hvide, B Kearsley, A King, AJ Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Leonard, A Lettieri, R Marchant, W Nittler, LR Ogliore, R Ong, WJ Postberg, F Price, MC Sandford, SA Tresseras, JAS Schmitz, S Schoonjans, T Silversmit, G Simionovici, A Sole, VA Srama, R Stadermann, FJ Stephan, T Sterken, V Stodolna, J Stroud, RM Trieloff, M Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Tyliszczak, T Vekemans, B Vincze, L Von Korff, J Westphal, AJ Wordsworth, N Zevin, D Zolensky, ME AF Flynn, George J. Sutton, Steven R. Lai, Barry Wirick, Sue Allen, Carlton Anderson, David Ansari, Asna Bajt, Sasa Bastien, Ron K. Bassim, Nabil Bechtel, Hans A. Borg, Janet Brenker, Frank E. Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark Burghammer, Manfred Butterworth, Anna L. Changela, Hitesh Cloetens, Peter Davis, Andrew M. Doll, Ryan Floss, Christine Frank, David Gainsforth, Zack Gruen, Eberhard Heck, Philipp R. Hillier, Jon K. Hoppe, Peter Hudson, Bruce Huth, Joachim Hvide, Brit Kearsley, Anton King, Ashley J. Leitner, Jan Lemelle, Laurence Leroux, Hugues Leonard, Ariel Lettieri, Robert Marchant, William Nittler, Larry R. Ogliore, Ryan Ong, Wei Ja Postberg, Frank Price, Mark C. Sandford, Scott A. Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans Schmitz, Sylvia Schoonjans, Tom Silversmit, Geert Simionovici, Alexandre Sole, Vicente A. Srama, Ralf Stadermann, Frank J. Stephan, Thomas Sterken, Veerle Stodolna, Julien Stroud, Rhonda M. Trieloff, Mario Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Tyliszczak, Tolek Vekemans, Bart Vincze, Laszlo Von Korff, Joshua Westphal, Andrew J. Wordsworth, Naomi Zevin, Daniel Zolensky, Michael E. TI Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination VII: Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis of six Stardust interstellar candidates measured with the Advanced Photon Source 2-ID-D microprobe SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMET 81P/WILD-2; SOLAR-SYSTEM; DUST; ABUNDANCES; ELEMENTS AB The NASA Stardust spacecraft exposed an aerogel collector to the interstellar dust passing through the solar system. We performed X-ray fluorescence element mapping and abundance measurements, for elements 19 <= Z <= 30, on six "interstellar candidates," potential interstellar impacts identified by Stardust@Home and extracted for analyses in picokeystones. One, I1044,3,33, showed no element hot-spots within the designated search area. However, we identified a nearby surface feature, consistent with the impact of a weak, high-speed particle having an approximately chondritic (CI) element abundance pattern, except for factor-of-ten enrichments in K and Zn and an S depletion. This hot-spot, containing approximately 10 fg of Fe, corresponds to an approximately 350 nm chondritic particle, small enough to be missed by Stardust@Home, indicating that other techniques may be necessary to identify all interstellar candidates. Only one interstellar candidate, I1004,1,2, showed a track. The terminal particle has large enrichments in S, Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn relative to Fe-normalized CI values. It has high Al/Fe, but does not match the Ni/Fe range measured for samples of Al-deck material from the Stardust sample return capsule, which was within the field-of-view of the interstellar collector. A third interstellar candidate, I1075,1,25, showed an Al-rich surface feature that has a composition generally consistent with the Al-deck material, suggesting that it is a secondary particle. The other three interstellar candidates, I1001,1,16, I1001,2,17, and I1044,2,32, showed no impact features or tracks, but allowed assessment of submicron contamination in this aerogel, including Fe hot-spots having CI-like Ni/Fe ratios, complicating the search for CI-like interstellar/interplanetary dust. C1 [Flynn, George J.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Sutton, Steven R.; Lai, Barry] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. [Sutton, Steven R.; Wirick, Sue] Univ Chicago, CARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Allen, Carlton; Bastien, Ron K.; Frank, David; Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA JSC, ARES, Houston, TX USA. [Anderson, David; Butterworth, Anna L.; Gainsforth, Zack; Lettieri, Robert; Marchant, William; Stodolna, Julien; Von Korff, Joshua; Westphal, Andrew J.; Zevin, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Ansari, Asna; Heck, Philipp R.; Hvide, Brit] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Bajt, Sasa] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Bassim, Nabil] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Bechtel, Hans A.; Tyliszczak, Tolek] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Borg, Janet] IAS Orsay, Orsay, France. [Brenker, Frank E.; Schmitz, Sylvia] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, Frankfurt, Germany. [Bridges, John] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester, Leics, England. [Brownlee, Donald E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, Mark; Price, Mark C.] Univ Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England. [Burghammer, Manfred; Cloetens, Peter; Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans; Sole, Vicente A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Changela, Hitesh] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Davis, Andrew M.; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doll, Ryan; Floss, Christine; Leonard, Ariel; Ong, Wei Ja; Stadermann, Frank J.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Gruen, Eberhard] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hillier, Jon K.; Postberg, Frank; Trieloff, Mario] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geowissensch, Heidelberg, Germany. [Hoppe, Peter; Huth, Joachim; Leitner, Jan] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [King, Ashley J.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [King, Ashley J.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Lemelle, Laurence] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Lille 1, UMR CNRS 8008, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Nittler, Larry R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schoonjans, Tom; Silversmit, Geert; Vekemans, Bart; Vincze, Laszlo] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Simionovici, Alexandre] Univ Grenoble, Observ Sci, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Srama, Ralf] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Raumfahrtsyst, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle] Univ Stuttgart, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle] TU Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterrestrial Phys, Braunschweig, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Stroud, Rhonda M.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. [Tsou, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tsuchiyama, Akira] Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. RP Flynn, GJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. EM flynngj@plattsburgh.edu RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/J-9362-2014; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015 OI Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/0000-0001-9047-3992; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X FU NASA; NASA Laboratory Analysis of Returned Samples research grant [NNX11AE15G]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Department of Energy (DOE)-Geosciences [DE-FG02-92ER14244]; DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The Stardust interstellar dust collection mission was supported by NASA as the fourth mission in the Discovery program. This analytical work was supported by a NASA Laboratory Analysis of Returned Samples research grant NNX11AE15G (to G. J. F.). Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Portions of this work were performed at Beamline X26A, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory. X26A is supported by the Department of Energy (DOE)-Geosciences (DE-FG02-92ER14244 to The University of Chicago-CARS). Use of the NSLS was supported by DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 9 SI SI BP 1626 EP 1644 DI 10.1111/maps.12144 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ6HT UT WOS:000342912100007 ER PT J AU Gainsforth, Z Brenker, FE Simionovici, AS Schmitz, S Burghammer, M Butterworth, AL Cloetens, P Lemelle, L Tresserras, JAS Schoonjans, T Silversmit, G Sole, VA Vekemans, B Vincze, L Westphal, AJ Allen, C Anderson, D Ansari, A Bajt, S Bastien, RK Bassim, N Bechtel, HA Borg, J Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, M Changela, H Davis, AM Doll, R Floss, C Flynn, G Fougeray, P Frank, D Grun, E Heck, PR Hillier, JK Hoppe, P Hudson, B Huth, J Hvide, B Kearsley, A King, AJ Lai, B Leitner, J Leroux, H Leonard, A Lettieri, R Marchant, W Nittler, LR Ogliore, R Ong, WJ Postberg, F Price, MC Sandford, SA Srama, R Stephan, T Sterken, V Stodolna, J Stroud, RM Sutton, S Trieloff, M Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Tyliszczak, T Von Korff, J Zevin, D Zolensky, ME AF Gainsforth, Zack Brenker, Frank E. Simionovici, Alexandre S. Schmitz, Sylvia Burghammer, Manfred Butterworth, Anna L. Cloetens, Peter Lemelle, Laurence Tresserras, Juan-Angel Sans Schoonjans, Tom Silversmit, Geert Sole, Vicente A. Vekemans, Bart Vincze, Laszlo Westphal, Andrew J. Allen, Carlton Anderson, David Ansari, Asna Bajt, Sasa Bastien, Ron K. Bassim, Nabil Bechtel, Hans A. Borg, Janet Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark Changela, Hitesh Davis, Andrew M. Doll, Ryan Floss, Christine Flynn, George Fougeray, Patrick Frank, David Gruen, Eberhard Heck, Philipp R. Hillier, Jon K. Hoppe, Peter Hudson, Bruce Huth, Joachim Hvide, Brit Kearsley, Anton King, Ashley J. Lai, Barry Leitner, Jan Leroux, Hugues Leonard, Ariel Lettieri, Robert Marchant, William Nittler, Larry R. Ogliore, Ryan Ong, Wei Ja Postberg, Frank Price, Mark C. Sandford, Scott A. Srama, Ralf Stephan, Thomas Sterken, Veerle Stodolna, Julien Stroud, Rhonda M. Sutton, Steven Trieloff, Mario Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Tyliszczak, Tolek Von Korff, Joshua Zevin, Daniel Zolensky, Michael E. TI Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination VIII: Identification of crystalline material in two interstellar candidates SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DUST PARTICLES; ORDER-DISORDER; AEROGEL; DIFFRACTION; GRAINS; DIMENSIONS; COLLECTION; SILICATES; GRAPHITE; OLIVINES AB Using synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction measurements, we identified crystalline material in two particles of extraterrestrial origin extracted from the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector. The first particle, I1047,1,34 (Hylabrook), consisted of a mosaiced olivine grain approximately 1 mu m in size with internal strain fields up to 0.3%. The unit cell dimensions were a - 4.85 +/- 0.08 angstrom, b - 10.34 +/- 0.16 angstrom, c - 6.08 +/- 0.13 angstrom (2 sigma). The second particle, I1043,1,30 (Orion), contained an olivine grain approximate to 2 mu m in length and > 500 nm in width. It was polycrystalline with both mosaiced domains varying over approximate to 20 degrees and additional unoriented domains, and contained internal strain fields < 1%. The unit cell dimensions of the olivine were a = 4.76 +/- 0.05 angstrom, b = 10.23 +/- 0.10 angstrom, c = 5.99 +/- 0.06 angstrom (2 sigma), which limited the olivine to a forsteritic composition [Fo(65) (2 sigma). Orion also contained abundant spinel nanocrystals of unknown composition, but unit cell dimension a = 8.06 +/- 0.08 angstrom (2 sigma). Two additional crystalline phases were present and remained unidentified. An amorphous component appeared to be present in both these particles based on STXM and XRF results reported elsewhere. C1 [Gainsforth, Zack; Butterworth, Anna L.; Westphal, Andrew J.; Anderson, David; Lettieri, Robert; Marchant, William; Stodolna, Julien; Von Korff, Joshua; Zevin, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brenker, Frank E.; Schmitz, Sylvia] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, Frankfurt, Germany. [Simionovici, Alexandre S.] Univ Grenoble, Observ Sci, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Burghammer, Manfred; Cloetens, Peter; Tresserras, Juan-Angel Sans; Sole, Vicente A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Lemelle, Laurence] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Schoonjans, Tom; Silversmit, Geert; Vekemans, Bart; Vincze, Laszlo] Univ Ghent, Dept Analyt Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Allen, Carlton; Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA JSC, ARES, Houston, TX USA. [Ansari, Asna; Heck, Philipp R.; Hvide, Brit] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Bajt, Sasa] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Bastien, Ron K.; Frank, David] NASA JSC, ESCG, Houston, TX USA. [Bassim, Nabil; Stroud, Rhonda M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Bechtel, Hans A.; Tyliszczak, Tolek] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Borg, Janet] IAS Orsay, Orsay, France. [Bridges, John] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester, Leics, England. [Brownlee, Donald E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, Mark; Price, Mark C.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Changela, Hitesh] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Davis, Andrew M.; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doll, Ryan; Floss, Christine; Leonard, Ariel; Ong, Wei Ja] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Flynn, George; Sterken, Veerle] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Fougeray, Patrick] Chigy, Burgundy, France. [Gruen, Eberhard] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Postberg, Frank; Trieloff, Mario] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geowissensch, Heidelberg, Germany. [Hoppe, Peter; Huth, Joachim; Leitner, Jan] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kearsley, Anton; King, Ashley J.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Lai, Barry; Sutton, Steven] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Lille 1, Lille, France. [Nittler, Larry R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hillier, Jon K.; Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Srama, Ralf; Sterken, Veerle] Univ Stuttgart, IRS, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle] TU Braunschweig, IGEP, Braunschweig, Germany. [Tsou, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tsuchiyama, Akira] Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. RP Gainsforth, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zackg@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; FU NASA [NNX09AC36G]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Zack Gainsforth, Andrew J. Westphal, Anna L. Butterworth were supported by NASA grant NNX09AC36G. The operations of the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory are supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 9 SI SI BP 1645 EP 1665 DI 10.1111/maps.12148 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ6HT UT WOS:000342912100008 ER PT J AU Postberg, F Hillier, JK Armes, SP Bugiel, S Butterworth, A Dupin, D Fielding, LA Fujii, S Gainsforth, Z Grun, E Li, YW Srama, R Sterken, V Stodolna, J Trieloff, M Westphal, A Achilles, C Allen, C Ansari, A Bajt, S Bassim, N Bastien, RK Bechtel, HA Borg, J Brenker, F Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, M Burghammer, M Changela, H Cloetens, P Davis, A Doll, R Floss, C Flynn, G Frank, D Heck, PR Hoppe, P Huss, G Huth, J Kearsley, A King, AJ Lai, B Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leonard, A Leroux, H Lettieri, R Marchant, W Nittler, LR Ogliore, R Ong, WJ Price, MC Sandford, SA Tressaras, JAS Schmitz, S Schoonjans, T Schreiber, K Silversmit, G Simionovici, A Sole, VA Stadermann, F Stephan, T Stroud, RM Sutton, S Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Tyliczszak, T Vekemans, B Vincze, L Zevin, D Zolensky, ME AF Postberg, F. Hillier, J. K. Armes, S. P. Bugiel, S. Butterworth, A. Dupin, D. Fielding, L. A. Fujii, S. Gainsforth, Z. Gruen, E. Li, Y. W. Srama, R. Sterken, V. Stodolna, J. Trieloff, M. Westphal, A. Achilles, C. Allen, C. Ansari, A. Bajt, S. Bassim, N. Bastien, R. K. Bechtel, H. A. Borg, J. Brenker, F. Bridges, J. Brownlee, D. E. Burchell, M. Burghammer, M. Changela, H. Cloetens, P. Davis, A. Doll, R. Floss, C. Flynn, G. Frank, D. Heck, P. R. Hoppe, P. Huss, G. Huth, J. Kearsley, A. King, A. J. Lai, B. Leitner, J. Lemelle, L. Leonard, A. Leroux, H. Lettieri, R. Marchant, W. Nittler, L. R. Ogliore, R. Ong, W. J. Price, M. C. Sandford, S. A. Tressaras, J. -A. Sans Schmitz, S. Schoonjans, T. Schreiber, K. Silversmit, G. Simionovici, A. Sole, V. A. Stadermann, F. Stephan, T. Stroud, R. M. Sutton, S. Tsou, P. Tsuchiyama, A. Tyliczszak, T. Vekemans, B. Vincze, L. Zevin, D. Zolensky, M. E. TI Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination IX: High-speed interstellar dust analog capture in Stardust flight-spare aerogel SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMET 81P/WILD 2; IMPACT FEATURES; MICROPARTICLES; PARTICLES; TRACKS AB The NASA Stardust mission used silica aerogel slabs to slowly decelerate and capture impinging cosmic dust particles for return to Earth. During this process, impact tracks are generated along the trajectory of the particle into the aerogel. It is believed that the morphology and dimensions of these tracks, together with the state of captured grains at track termini, may be linked to the size, velocity, and density of the impacting cosmic dust grain. Here, we present the results of laboratory hypervelocity impact experiments, during which cosmic dust analog particles (diameters of between 0.2 and 0.4 mu m), composed of olivine, orthopyroxene, or an organic polymer, were accelerated onto Stardust flight-spare low-density (approximately 0.01 g cm(-3)) silica aerogel. The impact velocities (3-21 km s(-1)) were chosen to simulate the range of velocities expected during Stardust's interstellar dust (ISD) collection phases. Track lengths and widths, together with the success of particle capture, are analyzed as functions of impact velocity and particle composition, density, and size. Captured terminal particles from low-density organic projectiles become undetectable at lower velocities than those from similarly sized, denser mineral particles, which are still detectable (although substantially altered by the impact process) at 15 km s(-1). The survival of these terminal particles, together with the track dimensions obtained during low impact speed capture of small grains in the laboratory, indicates that two of the three best Stardust candidate extraterrestrial grains were actually captured at speeds much lower than predicted. Track length and diameters are, in general, more sensitive to impact velocities than previously expected, which makes tracks of particles with diameters of 0.4 mu m and below hard to identify at low capture speeds (<10 km s(-1)). Therefore, although captured intact, the majority of the interstellar dust grains returned to Earth by Stardust remain to be found. C1 [Postberg, F.; Bugiel, S.; Li, Y. W.; Srama, R.; Sterken, V.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Raumfahrtsyst, Stuttgart, Germany. [Postberg, F.; Hillier, J. K.; Trieloff, M.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geowissensch, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany. [Armes, S. P.; Dupin, D.; Fielding, L. A.; Fujii, S.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Chem, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Bugiel, S.; Gruen, E.; Li, Y. W.; Sterken, V.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Butterworth, A.; Gainsforth, Z.; Stodolna, J.; Westphal, A.; Lettieri, R.; Marchant, W.; Zevin, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Gruen, E.] Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Y. W.] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Harbin 150006, Peoples R China. [Sterken, V.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, IGEP, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Achilles, C.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Allen, C.; Bastien, R. K.; Frank, D.; Zolensky, M. E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ansari, A.; Davis, A.; King, A. J.; Stephan, T.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bajt, S.] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Bassim, N.; Changela, H.; Stroud, R. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Bechtel, H. A.; Tyliczszak, T.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Borg, J.] IAS Orsay, Orsay, France. [Brenker, F.; Schmitz, S.] Univ Frankfurt Main, Inst Geowissensch, Frankfurt, Germany. [Bridges, J.] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester, Leics, England. [Brownlee, D. E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, M.; Price, M. C.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Burghammer, M.; Cloetens, P.; Tressaras, J. -A. Sans; Sole, V. A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Changela, H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Doll, R.; Floss, C.; Leonard, A.; Ong, W. J.; Schreiber, K.; Stadermann, F.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Flynn, G.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Heck, P. R.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Hoppe, P.; Huth, J.; Leitner, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Huss, G.; Ogliore, R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kearsley, A.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Lai, B.; Sutton, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. [Lemelle, L.] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Leroux, H.] Univ Lille 1, Lille, France. [Nittler, L. R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Sandford, S. A.] NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Schoonjans, T.; Silversmit, G.; Vekemans, B.; Vincze, L.] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Simionovici, A.] Univ Grenoble, Observ Sci, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Tsou, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tsuchiyama, A.] Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. RP Postberg, F (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Raumfahrtsyst, Stuttgart, Germany. EM postberg@irs.uni-stuttgart.de RI Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Fielding, Lee/B-8440-2011; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; OI Fujii, Syuji/0000-0003-2562-9502; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Fielding, Lee/0000-0002-4958-1155; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943; Armes, Steven/0000-0002-8289-6351; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/0000-0001-9047-3992 FU NASA [NNX09AC36G, NNH11AQ61I]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02- 05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; DFG [1385]; Klaus Tschira Stiftung GmbH FX The ISPE consortium gratefully acknowledge the NASA Discovery Program for Stardust, the fourth NASA Discovery mission. AJW, ALB, ZG, RL, DZ, WM and JVK were supported by NASA grant NNX09AC36G. We thank Steve Boggs for astrophysical soft x-ray spectra. RMS, HCG and NDB were supported by NASA grant NNH11AQ61I. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.; FP, JKH, RS and MT acknowledge funding by DFG special priority program 1385 "The First 10 Million years of the Solar System" and the support by Klaus Tschira Stiftung GmbH. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 9 SI SI BP 1666 EP 1679 DI 10.1111/maps.12173 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ6HT UT WOS:000342912100009 ER PT J AU Sterken, VJ Westphal, AJ Altobelli, N Grun, E Hillier, JK Postberg, F Srama, R Allen, C Anderson, D Ansari, A Bajt, S Bastien, RS Bassim, N Bechtel, HA Borg, J Brenker, FE Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, M Burghammer, M Butterworth, AL Changela, H Cloetens, P Davis, AM Doll, R Floss, C Flynn, G Frank, D Gainsforth, Z Heck, PR Hoppe, P Hudson, B Huth, J Hvide, B Kearsley, A King, AJ Lai, B Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Leonard, A Lettieri, R Marchant, W Nittler, LR Ogliore, R Ong, WJ Price, MC Sandford, SA Tresseras, JAS Schmitz, S Schoonjans, T Silversmit, G Simionovici, A Sole, VA Stephan, T Stodolna, J Stroud, RM Sutton, S Trieloff, M Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Tyliszczak, T Vekemans, B Vincze, L Von Korff, J Wordsworth, N Zevin, D Zolensky, ME AF Sterken, Veerle J. Westphal, Andrew J. Altobelli, Nicolas Gruen, Eberhard Hillier, Jon K. Postberg, Frank Srama, Ralf Allen, Carlton Anderson, David Ansari, Asna Bajt, Sasa Bastien, Ron S. Bassim, Nabil Bechtel, Hans A. Borg, Janet Brenker, Frank E. Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark Burghammer, Manfred Butterworth, Anna L. Changela, Hitesh Cloetens, Peter Davis, Andrew M. Doll, Ryan Floss, Christine Flynn, George Frank, David Gainsforth, Zack Heck, Philipp R. Hoppe, Peter Hudson, Bruce Huth, Joachim Hvide, Brit Kearsley, Anton King, Ashley J. Lai, Barry Leitner, Jan Lemelle, Laurence Leroux, Hugues Leonard, Ariel Lettieri, Robert Marchant, William Nittler, Larry R. Ogliore, Ryan Ong, Wei Ja Price, Mark C. Sandford, S. A. Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans Schmitz, Sylvia Schoonjans, Tom Silversmit, Geert Simionovici, Alexandre Sole, Vicente A. Stephan, Thomas Stodolna, Julien Stroud, Rhonda M. Sutton, Steven Trieloff, Mario Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Tyliszczak, Tolek Vekemans, Bart Vincze, Laszlo Von Korff, Joshua Wordsworth, Naomi Zevin, Daniel Zolensky, Michael E. TI Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination X: Impact speeds and directions of interstellar grains on the Stardust dust collector SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADIATION PRESSURE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SAMPLE RETURN; EARTH; HELIOSPHERE; PARTICLES; AEROGEL; MATTER; SARIM AB On the basis of an interstellar dust model compatible with Ulysses and Galileo observations, we calculate and predict the trajectories of interstellar dust (ISD) in the solar system and the distribution of the impact speeds, directions, and flux of ISD particles on the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector during the two collection periods of the mission. We find that the expected impact velocities are generally low (<10 km s(-1)) for particles with the ratio of the solar radiation pressure force to the solar gravitational force beta > 1, and that some of the particles will impact on the cometary side of the collector. If we assume astronomical silicates for particle material and a density of 2 g cm(-3), and use the Ulysses measurements and the ISD trajectory simulations, we conclude that the total number of (detectable) captured ISD particles may be on the order of 50. In companion papers in this volume, we report the discovery of three interstellar dust candidates in the Stardust aerogel tiles. The impact directions and speeds of these candidates are consistent with those calculated from our ISD propagation model, within the uncertainties of the model and of the observations. C1 [Sterken, Veerle J.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Raumfahrtsyst, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle J.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extreterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Westphal, Andrew J.; Anderson, David; Butterworth, Anna L.; Gainsforth, Zack; Lettieri, Robert; Marchant, William; Stodolna, Julien; Von Korff, Joshua; Zevin, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Altobelli, Nicolas] European Space Agcy, Madrid, Spain. [Gruen, Eberhard] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hillier, Jon K.; Postberg, Frank; Trieloff, Mario] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geowissensch, Heidelberg, Germany. [Srama, Ralf] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Raumfahrtsyst, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Allen, Carlton; Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ansari, Asna; Hvide, Brit] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Bajt, Sasa] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Bastien, Ron S.; Frank, David] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Engn & Sci Contract Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Bassim, Nabil] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Bechtel, Hans A.; Tyliszczak, Tolek] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Borg, Janet] Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. [Brenker, Frank E.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, Frankfurt, Germany. [Bridges, John] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester, Leics, England. [Brownlee, Donald E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, Mark; Price, Mark C.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Burghammer, Manfred; Cloetens, Peter; Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans; Sole, Vicente A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Changela, Hitesh] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Davis, Andrew M.; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doll, Ryan; Floss, Christine; Leonard, Ariel; Ong, Wei Ja] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Flynn, George] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Heck, Philipp R.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Hoppe, Peter; Huth, Joachim; Leitner, Jan] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [King, Ashley J.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [King, Ashley J.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Lai, Barry; Sutton, Steven] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. [Lemelle, Laurence] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Sci & Tech Lille, Lille, France. [Nittler, Larry R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sandford, S. A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schmitz, Sylvia] Univ Frankfurt Main, Inst Geowissensch, Frankfurt, Germany. [Schoonjans, Tom; Silversmit, Geert; Vekemans, Bart; Vincze, Laszlo] Univ Ghent, Dept Analyt Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Simionovici, Alexandre] Univ Grenoble, Observ Sci, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Stroud, Rhonda M.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. [Tsou, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tsuchiyama, Akira] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka, Japan. RP Sterken, VJ (reprint author), Int Space Sci Inst ISSI, Hallerstr 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM veerle.sterken@issibern.ch RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/J-9362-2014; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/0000-0001-9047-3992; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X FU NASA [NNX09AC36G, NNH11AQ61I]; ESA; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank the reviewers and the AE Christian Koeberl, for their thoughtful reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. We also thank the AE John Bradley for his critical input and time and effort spent reviewing the ISPE manuscripts. The ISPE consortium gratefully acknowledge the NASA Discovery Program for Stardust, the fourth NASA Discovery mission. AJW, ALB, ZG, RL, DZ, WM, and JVK were supported by NASA grant NNX09AC36G. RMS, HCG, and NDB were supported by NASA grant NNH11AQ61I. VJS acknowledges support from ESA. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 9 SI SI BP 1680 EP 1697 DI 10.1111/maps.12219 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ6HT UT WOS:000342912100010 ER PT J AU Stroud, RM Allen, C Ansari, A Anderson, D Bajt, S Bassim, N Bastien, RS Bechtel, HA Borg, J Brenker, FE Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, M Burghammer, M Butterworth, AL Changela, H Cloetens, P Davis, AM Doll, R Floss, C Flynn, G Frank, DR Gainsforth, Z Grun, E Heck, PR Hillier, JK Hoppe, P Huth, J Hvide, B Kearsley, A King, AJ Kotula, P Lai, B Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Leonard, A Lettieri, R Marchant, W Nittler, LR Ogliore, R Ong, WJ Postberg, F Price, MC Sandford, SA Tresseras, JAS Schmitz, S Schoonjans, T Schreiber, K Silversmit, G Simionovici, AS Sole, VA Srama, R Stephan, T Sterken, VJ Stodolna, J Sutton, S Trieloff, M Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Tyliszczak, T Vekemans, B Vincze, L Westphal, AJ Von Korff, J Zevin, D Zolensky, ME AF Stroud, Rhonda M. Allen, Carlton Ansari, Asna Anderson, David Bajt, Sasa Bassim, Nabil Bastien, Ron S. Bechtel, Hans A. Borg, Janet Brenker, Frank E. Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark Burghammer, Manfred Butterworth, Anna L. Changela, Hitesh Cloetens, Peter Davis, Andrew M. Doll, Ryan Floss, Christine Flynn, George Frank, David R. Gainsforth, Zack Gruen, Eberhard Heck, Philipp R. Hillier, Jon K. Hoppe, Peter Huth, Joachim Hvide, Brit Kearsley, Anton King, Ashley J. Kotula, Paul Lai, Barry Leitner, Jan Lemelle, Laurence Leroux, Hugues Leonard, Ariel Lettieri, Robert Marchant, William Nittler, Larry R. Ogliore, Ryan Ong, Wei Jia Postberg, Frank Price, Mark C. Sandford, Scott A. Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans Schmitz, Sylvia Schoonjans, Tom Schreiber, Kate Silversmit, Geert Simionovici, Alexandre S. Sole, Vicente A. Srama, Ralf Stephan, Thomas Sterken, Veerle J. Stodolna, Julien Sutton, Steven Trieloff, Mario Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Tyliszczak, Tolek Vekemans, Bart Vincze, Laszlo Westphal, Andrew J. Von Korff, Joshua Zevin, Daniel Zolensky, Michael E. TI Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination XI: Identification and elemental analysis of impact craters on Al foils from the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; COMET 81P/WILD 2; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; ALUMINUM FOILS; RESIDUES; FEATURES; AEROGEL; MORPHOLOGY; MISSION; MATTER AB The Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination team analyzed thirteen Al foils from the NASA Stardust interstellar collector tray in order to locate candidate interstellar dust (ISD) grain impacts. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images reveal that the foils possess abundant impact crater and crater-like features. Elemental analyses of the crater features, with Auger electron spectroscopy, SEM-based energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscope-based EDX spectroscopy, demonstrate that the majority are either the result of impacting debris fragments from the spacecraft solar panels, or intrinsic defects in the foil. The elemental analyses also reveal that four craters contain residues of a definite extraterrestrial origin, either as interplanetary dust particles or ISD particles. These four craters are designated level 2 interstellar candidates, based on the crater shapes indicative of hypervelocity impacts and the residue compositions inconsistent with spacecraft debris. C1 [Stroud, Rhonda M.; Bassim, Nabil; Changela, Hitesh] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Allen, Carlton; Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ansari, Asna; Heck, Philipp R.; Hvide, Brit; Marchant, William] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Anderson, David; Butterworth, Anna L.; Gainsforth, Zack; Lettieri, Robert; Stodolna, Julien; Westphal, Andrew J.; Von Korff, Joshua; Zevin, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Bajt, Sasa] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Bastien, Ron S.; Frank, David R.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, JETS, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Bechtel, Hans A.; Tyliszczak, Tolek] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Borg, Janet] IAS Orsay, Orsay, France. [Brenker, Frank E.; Schmitz, Sylvia] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geowissensch, Frankfurt, Germany. [Bridges, John] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester, Leics, England. [Brownlee, Donald E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, Mark; Price, Mark C.] Univ Kent, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Burghammer, Manfred; Cloetens, Peter; Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans; Sole, Vicente A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Changela, Hitesh] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Davis, Andrew M.; King, Ashley J.; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doll, Ryan; Floss, Christine; Leonard, Ariel; Ong, Wei Jia; Schreiber, Kate] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Flynn, George] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Gruen, Eberhard; Srama, Ralf] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hillier, Jon K.; Postberg, Frank; Trieloff, Mario] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geowissensch, Heidelberg, Germany. [Hoppe, Peter; Huth, Joachim; Leitner, Jan] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Kotula, Paul] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Lai, Barry; Sutton, Steven] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. [Lemelle, Laurence] ENS, Lyon, France. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Sci & Techol Lille, Lille, France. [Nittler, Larry R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.; Vincze, Laszlo] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schoonjans, Tom; Silversmit, Geert; Vekemans, Bart] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Simionovici, Alexandre S.] Univ Grenoble, Observ Sci, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Srama, Ralf] TU Braunschweig, IGEP, Braunschweig, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle J.] Univ Stuttgart, IRS, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Tsou, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tsuchiyama, Akira] Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. RP Stroud, RM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stroud@nrl.navy.mil RI Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/J-9362-2014; Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; OI Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/0000-0001-9047-3992; Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 FU NASA [NNH11AQ61I, NNX09AC36G]; NASA Origins of Solar Systems Program; Tawani Foundation; DFG [SPP1385]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank Fred Horz and Martin Lee for constructive reviews. RMS, HCG, and NDB were supported by NASA grant NNH11AQ61I. JW. ALB, ZG, RL, DZ, WM, and JVK were supported by NASA grant NNX09AC36G. SAS acknowledges support from the NASA Origins of Solar Systems Program. PRH, AA, BH were supported by the Tawani Foundation. PH and JL acknowledge support by DFG through SPP1385: the first ten million years of the solar system-a planetary materials approach. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 9 SI SI BP 1698 EP 1719 DI 10.1111/maps.12136 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ6HT UT WOS:000342912100011 ER PT J AU Westphal, AJ Bechtel, HA Brenker, FE Butterworth, AL Flynn, G Frank, DR Gainsforth, Z Hillier, JK Postberg, F Simionovici, AS Sterken, VJ Stroud, RM Allen, C Anderson, D Ansari, A Bajt, S Bastien, RK Bassim, N Borg, J Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, M Burghammer, M Changela, H Cloetens, P Davis, AM Doll, R Floss, C Grun, E Heck, PR Hoppe, P Hudson, B Huth, J Hvide, B Kearsley, A King, AJ Lai, B Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leroux, H Leonard, A Lettieri, R Marchant, W Nittler, LR Ogliore, R Ong, WJ Price, MC Sandford, SA Tresseras, JAS Schmitz, S Schoonjans, T Silversmit, G Sole, VA Srama, R Stadermann, F Stephan, T Stodolna, J Sutton, S Trieloff, M Tsou, P Tsuchiyama, A Tyliszczak, T Vekemans, B Vincze, L Von Korff, J Wordsworth, N Zevin, D Zolensky, ME AF Westphal, Andrew J. Bechtel, Hans A. Brenker, Frank E. Butterworth, Anna L. Flynn, George Frank, David R. Gainsforth, Zack Hillier, Jon K. Postberg, Frank Simionovici, Alexandre S. Sterken, Veerle J. Stroud, Rhonda M. Allen, Carlton Anderson, David Ansari, Asna Bajt, Sasa Bastien, Ron K. Bassim, Nabil Borg, Janet Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark Burghammer, Manfred Changela, Hitesh Cloetens, Peter Davis, Andrew M. Doll, Ryan Floss, Christine Gruen, Eberhard Heck, Philipp R. Hoppe, Peter Hudson, Bruce Huth, Joachim Hvide, Brit Kearsley, Anton King, Ashley J. Lai, Barry Leitner, Jan Lemelle, Laurence Leroux, Hugues Leonard, Ariel Lettieri, Robert Marchant, William Nittler, Larry R. Ogliore, Ryan Ong, Wei Ja Price, Mark C. Sandford, Scott A. Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans Schmitz, Sylvia Schoonjans, Tom Silversmit, Geert Sole, Vicente A. Srama, Ralf Stadermann, Frank Stephan, Thomas Stodolna, Julien Sutton, Steven Trieloff, Mario Tsou, Peter Tsuchiyama, Akira Tyliszczak, Tolek Vekemans, Bart Vincze, Laszlo Von Korff, Joshua Wordsworth, Naomi Zevin, Daniel Zolensky, Michael E. TI Final reports of the Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ULYSSES DUST DATA AB With the discovery of bona fide extraterrestrial materials in the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector, NASA now has a fundamentally new returned sample collection, after the Apollo, Antarctic meteorite, Cosmic Dust, Genesis, Stardust Cometary, Hayabusa, and Exposed Space Hardware samples. Here, and in companion papers in this volume, we present the results from the Preliminary Examination of this collection, the Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination (ISPE). We found extraterrestrial materials in two tracks in aerogel whose trajectories and morphology are consistent with an origin in the interstellar dust stream, and in residues in four impacts in the aluminum foil collectors. While the preponderance of evidence, described in detail in companion papers in this volume, points toward an interstellar origin for some of these particles, alternative origins have not yet been eliminated, and definitive tests through isotopic analyses were not allowed under the terms of the ISPE. In this summary, we answer the central questions of the ISPE: How many tracks in the collector are consistent in their morphology and trajectory with interstellar particles? How many of these potential tracks are consistent with real interstellar particles, based on chemical analysis? Conversely, what fraction of candidates are consistent with either a secondary or interplanetary origin? What is the mass distribution of these particles, and what is their state? Are they particulate or diffuse? Is there any crystalline material? How many detectable impact craters (> 100 nm) are there in the foils, and what is their size distribution? How many of these craters have analyzable residue that is consistent with extraterrestrial material? And finally, can craters from secondaries be recognized through crater morphology (e.g., ellipticity)? C1 [Westphal, Andrew J.; Butterworth, Anna L.; Gainsforth, Zack; Anderson, David; Lettieri, Robert; Marchant, William; Stodolna, Julien; Von Korff, Joshua; Zevin, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bechtel, Hans A.; Tyliszczak, Tolek] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Brenker, Frank E.; Schmitz, Sylvia] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geosci, Frankfurt, Germany. [Flynn, George] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Frank, David R.; Bastien, Ron K.] NASA JSC, ESCG, Houston, TX USA. [Hillier, Jon K.; Postberg, Frank; Trieloff, Mario] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geowissensch, Heidelberg, Germany. [Simionovici, Alexandre S.] Univ Grenoble, Observ Sci, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Sterken, Veerle J.] Univ Stuttgart, IRS, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle J.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, IGEP, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle J.; Zolensky, Michael E.] MPIK, Heidelberg, Germany. [Stroud, Rhonda M.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. [Allen, Carlton] NASA JSC, ARES, Houston, TX USA. [Ansari, Asna; Hvide, Brit] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Bajt, Sasa] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Bassim, Nabil] Naval Res Lab, Nanoscale Mat Sect, Washington, DC USA. [Borg, Janet] IAS Orsay, Orsay, France. [Bridges, John] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester, Leics, England. [Brownlee, Donald E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, Mark; Price, Mark C.] Univ Kent, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Burghammer, Manfred; Cloetens, Peter; Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans; Sole, Vicente A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Changela, Hitesh] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Davis, Andrew M.; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doll, Ryan; Floss, Christine; Leonard, Ariel; Ong, Wei Ja; Stadermann, Frank] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Gruen, Eberhard] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Heck, Philipp R.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Hoppe, Peter; Huth, Joachim; Leitner, Jan] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [King, Ashley J.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [King, Ashley J.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Robert A Pritzker Ctr Meteorit & Polar Studies, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Lai, Barry; Sutton, Steven] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. [Lemelle, Laurence] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Lille 1, Lille, France. [Nittler, Larry R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schoonjans, Tom; Silversmit, Geert; Vekemans, Bart; Vincze, Laszlo] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Srama, Ralf] Univ Stuttgart, IRS, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Tsou, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Tsuchiyama, Akira] Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. RP Westphal, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM westphal@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/J-9362-2014; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943; Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/0000-0001-9047-3992; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 IS 9 SI SI BP 1720 EP 1733 DI 10.1111/maps.12221 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AQ6HT UT WOS:000342912100012 ER PT J AU Gomes, HD Goes, JI Matondkar, SGP Buskey, EJ Basu, S Parab, S Thoppil, P AF Gomes, Helga do Rosario Goes, Joaquim I. Matondkar, S. G. P. Buskey, Edward J. Basu, Subhajit Parab, Sushma Thoppil, Prasad TI Massive outbreaks of Noctiluca scintillans blooms in the Arabian Sea due to spread of hypoxia SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PEDINOMONAS-NOCTILUCAE; RED TIDE; PHYTOPLANKTON; MILIARIS; ZONES; COAST AB In the last decade, the northern Arabian Sea has witnessed a radical shift in the composition of winter phytoplankton blooms, which previously comprised mainly of diatoms, the unicellular, siliceous photosynthetic organisms favoured by nutrient-enriched waters from convective mixing. These trophically important diatom blooms have been replaced by widespread blooms of a large, green dinoflagellate, Noctiluca scintillans, which combines carbon fixation from its chlorophyll-containing endosymbiont with ingestion of prey. Here, we report that these massive outbreaks of N. scintillans during winter are being facilitated by an unprecedented influx of oxygen deficient waters into the euphotic zone and by the extraordinary ability of its endosymbiont Pedinomonas noctilucae to fix carbon more efficiently than other phytoplankton under hypoxic conditions. We contend that N. scintillans blooms could disrupt the traditional diatom-sustained food chain to the detriment of regional fisheries and long-term health of an ecosystem supporting a coastal population of nearly 120 million people. C1 [Gomes, Helga do Rosario; Goes, Joaquim I.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Matondkar, S. G. P.] Natl Inst Oceanog, Panaji 403004, Goa, India. [Buskey, Edward J.] Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Basu, Subhajit] Goa Univ, Dept Microbiol, Taleigao Plateau 403206, Goa, India. [Parab, Sushma] Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Thoppil, Prasad] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gomes, HD (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM helga@ldeo.columbia.edu FU National Aeronautical and Space Agency (NASA) [NNX09AE48G, NNX11AE22G, NNX07AK82G]; National Science Foundation (NSF), USA [OCE-0824632, 0825009]; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); India and Space Application Centre (SAC) of the Indian Space Research Organization FX This work is being supported by grants NNX09AE48G, NNX11AE22G and NNX07AK82G from National Aeronautical and Space Agency (NASA) and grants OCE-0824632 and 0825009 from the National Science Foundation (NSF), USA to JIG, HRG and EJB. SGPM, SP and SB are supported by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India and Space Application Centre (SAC) of the Indian Space Research Organization. We are greatly indebted to Dr S. Nayak, Secretary, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, for providing the research vessels. We are thankful to Dr V.N. Sanjeevan, former Director and scientists of the Centre for Marine Living Resources and Environment (CMLRE), India and Dr R. M. Dwivedi, former Head, Marine Living Resources Division, SAC, for enabling participation in cruises. We thank Dr S.W.A. Naqvi, Director, National Institute of Oceanography, India and Dr Navalgund, former Director, SAC, India Space Research Organization for their support. This collaborative study was catalysed by a Virtual Centre grant to S.G.P.M., H.d.R.G. and J.I.G. from the Indo-US Science and Technology Foundation (IUSSTF), New Delhi under the directorship of Dr A. Mitra. Historical hydrographic and phytoplankton datasets for the Arabian Sea from various institutions are gratefully acknowledged and described in the Supplementary Material. We acknowledge Dr Gene Feldman and the Ocean Biology Processing Group at NASA's GSFC, USA for ocean colour data as well as their constant help and attention. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 12 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 5 AR 4862 DI 10.1038/ncomms5862 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AQ6NL UT WOS:000342930300002 ER PT J AU Obenauer, PJ AF Obenauer, P. J. TI Public Health Entomology SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review C1 [Obenauer, P. J.] Naval Air Stn, Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Obenauer, PJ (reprint author), Naval Air Stn, Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. EM peter.obenauer@med.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 97 IS 3 BP 1270 EP 1271 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AQ1JM UT WOS:000342537700055 ER PT J AU Dong, WD Finkel, P Amin, A Cunefare, KA Lynch, CS AF Dong, Wen D. Finkel, Peter Amin, Ahmed Cunefare, Kenneth A. Lynch, Christopher S. TI Energy harvesting using the FER-FEO phase transformation in [011] cut single crystal PIN-PMN-PT SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Energy harvesting; ferroelectric; piezoelectric; phase transformation ID FERROELECTRIC PMN-32-PERCENT-PT CRYSTALS; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRIC-FIELD; ORTHORHOMBIC PHASE; UNIAXIAL-STRESS; GROWTH; PB(IN1/2NB1/2)O-3-PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3-PBTIO3; TRANSITIONS; BOUNDARY; BEHAVIOR AB This study addresses the effects of frequency and load resistance on energy harvesting using a mechanically excited ferroelectric rhombohedral to ferroelectric orthorhombic phase transformation in [011] cut Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O-3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) single crystals. The crystals were mechanically driven through the phase transformation, and voltage across a resistive load was measured. The effects of frequency and resistive load on the electrical energy generated were measured. Over the range of frequencies and load impedances tested, the crystals behaved as a charge source. The current increased linearly with frequency, and the voltage increased linearly with load impedance. Impedance matching to maximize the energy harvested is discussed. The energy harvested using the phase transformation was on average 27 times, with a peak of 108 times, the energy harvested using the same crystals operating in the linear piezoelectric regime under the same stress excitation amplitude. C1 [Dong, Wen D.; Lynch, Christopher S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Finkel, Peter] Naval Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Amin, Ahmed] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr Newport, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Newport, RI USA. [Cunefare, Kenneth A.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Lynch, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM cslynch@seas.ucla.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 18 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X EI 1530-8138 J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 25 IS 14 BP 1786 EP 1799 DI 10.1177/1045389X14525494 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AQ2QZ UT WOS:000342634500013 ER PT J AU Dunford, JC Stoops, CA Estep, AS Britch, SC Richardson, AG Walker, TW Farooq, M Hoel, DF Platt, RR Smith, VL Wirtz, RA Kerce, JD AF Dunford, James C. Stoops, Craig A. Estep, Alden S. Britch, Seth C. Richardson, Alec G. Walker, Todd W. Farooq, Muhammad Hoel, David F. Platt, Raymond R. Smith, Vincent L. Wirtz, Robert A. Kerce, Jerry D. TI SR450 AND SUPERHAWK XP APPLICATIONS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Larval control; container-inhabiting; backpack sprayer; thermal fogger ID VAR. ISRAELENSIS; ALBOPICTUS SKUSE; MOSQUITO-CONTROL; AEDES-AEGYPTI; FORMULATIONS; BTI; ULV; CONTAINERS; MALAYSIA; STRAIN AB Sprayer comparisons and larval morality assays were conducted following SR450 backpack mist blower and Superhawk XP thermal fogger applications of Vectobac (R) WDG Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) against Culex quinquefasciatus. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis was applied at maximum label rate in a 232.26-m(2) field plot located in north-central Florida with containers placed at 2 heights (ground level and 1.52 m above ground) on stakes positioned 3.04, 6.09, 9.14, 12.19, and 15.24 m from the spray line. Results indicated that there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in 24- and 48-h larval mortality between the 2 sprayers or between the 2 heights. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) among the 5 rows, with mortality continuously decreasing with increasing distance from sprayer. Both sprayers provided on average >70% larval mortality 3.04-9.14 m from the spray line, and <60% mortality at 12.19 and 15.24 m. The data suggest that the SR450 and Superhawk XP may be comparable sprayers for use with Bti to control mosquito larvae. C1 [Dunford, James C.; Hoel, David F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Navy & Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr Detachment, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Stoops, Craig A.] USDA ARS, Navy & Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr Detachment, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Estep, Alden S.; Richardson, Alec G.; Walker, Todd W.; Farooq, Muhammad; Platt, Raymond R.; Smith, Vincent L.] Naval Air Stn, Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Britch, Seth C.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Wirtz, Robert A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Kerce, Jerry D.] Camp Blanding Joint Training Ctr, Starke, FL 32091 USA. RP Dunford, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Navy & Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr Detachment, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. FU Department of Defense Deployed War Fighter Protection Program FX We greatly appreciate assistance provided by Camp Blanding Joint Training Center personnel for arranging field site location and installation access. We also thank J. Andrews and P. DeChant (Valent BioSciences) for providing VectoBac WDG Bti and Curtis Dyna-Fog for loan of the Superhawk XP. Assistance in the field and lab was kindly provided by J. Bertrand, A. Lloyd, R. Pomales, and A. Hanley. Earlier versions of this manuscript were greatly improved by reviews provided by H. Arimoto, C. Doud, J. Harwood, P. Nunn, and P. Obenauer (NECE). This study was conducted by NECE as part of its mission in developing field expedient vector control technologies and techniques to better protect deployed war fighters from insect-borne diseases, with financial, technical, and field support provided by the Department of Defense Deployed War Fighter Protection Program. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 191 EP 198 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AQ1IO UT WOS:000342535300005 PM 25843094 ER PT J AU Britch, SC Linthicum, KJ Aldridge, RL Yans, MW Hill, DW Obenauer, PJ Hoffman, ER AF Britch, Seth C. Linthicum, Kenneth J. Aldridge, Robert L. Yans, Matthew W. Hill, David W. Obenauer, Peter J. Hoffman, Eric R. TI A MOBILE APP FOR MILITARY OPERATIONAL ENTOMOLOGY PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE iOS; Android; pesticides; vector control; Deployed War-Fighter Protection research program ID HIGH-THROUGHPUT MOSQUITO; PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES; TALLIL AIR BASE; BARRIER TREATMENTS; INSECTICIDES; IMPACT; ENVIRONMENT; IRAQ; ULV AB Multiple field studies conducted for the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) research program have generated more than 80 specific guidance points for innovative combinations of pesticide application equipment, pesticide formulations, and application techniques for aerosol and residual pesticide treatments in 6 ecological regions against a range of mosquito, sand fly, and filth fly nuisance and disease-vector threats. To synthesize and operationalize these DWFP field and laboratory efficacy data we developed an interactive iOS and Android mobile software application, the Pesticide App, consisting of specific pesticide application guidance organized by environment and target insect vector species. C1 [Britch, Seth C.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.; Aldridge, Robert L.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Yans, Matthew W.; Obenauer, Peter J.; Hoffman, Eric R.] Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Hill, David W.] US Army Garrison Forest Glen, Dept Def, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Britch, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Emchi, Karma/Q-1952-2016 FU DoD through the AFPMB; DoD through the DWFP; USDA-Agricultural Research Service FX This research was supported by the DoD through the AFPMB and the DWFP, and by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely to provide specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA, the DoD, or the US Navy. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 30 IS 3 BP 234 EP 238 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA AQ1IO UT WOS:000342535300013 PM 25843102 ER PT J AU Johannes, AC Farmer, JC Brewer, LN Osswald, S AF Johannes, Andrew C. Farmer, Joseph C. Brewer, Luke N. Osswald, Sebastian TI Letting Corrosion Work for You: Novel Pathways to Additive Manufacturing and Nanomaterial Synthesis Using Electrochemically-Driven Powder Consolidation SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LEAD; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; MECHANISM; FLOWS; CRYSTALLIZATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; AGGLOMERATION; STABILITY; BATTERIES AB The development of new material synthesis and manufacturing technologies may be one of the most important areas of research in the 21st century. In this study, we introduce the concept of a novel additive manufacturing technology, referred to as electrochemically-driven powder consolidation (EDPC), which utilizes naturally occurring electrochemical potentials to consolidate metal and non-metal powders to rigid bodies and complex shapes. In contrast to existing manufacturing techniques, the proposed technology does not require additional energy input in the form of pressure, heat, and/or laser power, opening new pathways for the development of a more energy-efficient, low-cost additive manufacturing technology. Using the example of lead, we outline the concept of EDPC and propose a five-stage model that describes the physical and chemical processes that govern the observed consolidation. A series of consolidation experiments with other elements (e.g. Sn, Zn, Cu) was conducted to identify the rate-controlling mechanisms and determine crucial process parameters of a potential EDPC manufacturing technology. Finally, the EDPC process was found to also hold great promise for the bulk synthesis of a variety of new materials, including nanoparticles, pellets, metal foams, and advanced composites. C1 [Johannes, Andrew C.; Farmer, Joseph C.; Brewer, Luke N.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93953 USA. [Osswald, Sebastian] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93953 USA. RP Johannes, AC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93953 USA. EM osswald.sebastian@gmail.com FU Research Initiative Program (RIP) of the Naval Postgraduate School FX The authors would like to give special thanks to Dr. Sarath Menon (Naval Postgraduate School) for his technical assistance with SEM and XRD analysis. This work was supported by the Research Initiative Program (RIP) of the Naval Postgraduate School. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 EI 1527-2648 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1147 EP 1159 DI 10.1002/adem.201300562 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AP7UI UT WOS:000342282000012 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Liu, WX Wang, X Liu, LM Ferrese, F AF Zhang, Wei Liu, Wenxin Wang, Xin Liu, Liming Ferrese, Frank TI Distributed Multiple Agent System Based Online Optimal Reactive Power Control for Smart Grids SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID LA English DT Article DE Distributed subgradient algorithm; multiple agent system; online optimal reactive power control; smart grids ID PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION; INTERIOR-POINT METHODS; LOSS MINIMIZATION; VOLTAGE CONTROL; DISPATCH; FLOW; GENERATORS; NETWORKS; REAL AB Under high penetration of renewable energy resources, more and more reactive power control devices are integrated into power grids. The large-scale deployment of these devices requires upgrading existing reactive power control solutions. To improve energy efficiency and voltage profiles of the power grids under different operating conditions, this paper proposes a fully distributed multiple agent system based optimal reactive control solution. To update its control setting, a reactive controller only needs information measured locally or obtained from its neighboring buses. The updating rules of the subgradient based algorithm are derived under mild assumptions. The solution is able to provide comparable steady state performance as that of centralized optimization solutions. Due to the simplicity of communication topology and the reduced amount of data to process, the solution can provide timely response to changes of operating conditions. Simulation studies with power systems of different sizes demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed control solution. C1 [Zhang, Wei] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Elect Engn & Automat, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. [Liu, Wenxin] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Wang, Xin] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Ctr Elect & Elect Technol, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Liu, Liming] ABB Inc, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Ferrese, Frank] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Elect Engn & Automat, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. EM wzps@hit.edu.cn; wliu@lehigh.edu; wangxin26@sjtu.edu.cn; liming.liu@us.abb.com; frank.ferrese@gmail.com FU U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS [1125776]; [TSG-00684-2013] FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS #1125776. Paper no. TSG-00684-2013. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-3053 EI 1949-3061 J9 IEEE T SMART GRID JI IEEE Trans. Smart Grid PD SEP PY 2014 VL 5 IS 5 BP 2421 EP 2431 DI 10.1109/TSG.2014.2327478 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AP6BW UT WOS:000342163500027 ER PT J AU Tritschler, JK Celi, R Leishman, JG AF Tritschler, John K. Celi, Roberto Leishman, J. Gordon TI Methodology for Rotorcraft Brownout Mitigation Through Flight Path Optimization SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID HELICOPTER BROWNOUT; WAKES AB A methodology is presented for the selection of approach-to-landing maneuvers that may result in improved brownout characteristics. The methodology is based upon a brownout metric that assesses the relative brownout cloud volume densities in critical regions of the pilot's field of view. The metric becomes the objective function of a procedure in which a typical visual approach profile is parameterized and optimized to minimize brownout in a representative landing maneuver. The optimization is constrained to avoid maneuvers that would be conducive to the onset of vortex ring state or would result in flight within the "avoid" regions of a typical helicopter height velocity diagram. The analysis uses a free-vortex wake model and simulates the dynamics of the dust particles immersed in the rotor downwash. The results show that the optimal approach trajectories affect the resulting flowfield, particularly the development of a ground vortex ahead of the rotor disk, which influences the rate of development, size, and volume density of the brownout cloud. The results are compared with prior experimental results, and potential operational interpretations of the outcomes are examined. C1 [Tritschler, John K.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Celi, Roberto; Leishman, J. Gordon] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tritschler, JK (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [W911NF0410176] FX The U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research supported this work under a Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative, Grant W911NF0410176. The contract monitor was Douglas Smith. The authors wish to thank all of their colleagues at the University of Maryland, Government research labs, and the rotorcraft industry for the valuable discussions on the brownout problem. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1524 EP 1538 DI 10.2514/1.G000330 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AP7FS UT WOS:000342243800013 ER PT J AU Johnson, BJ Erickson, JS Kim, J Malanoski, AP Leska, IA Monk, SM Edwards, DJ Young, TN Verbarg, J Bovais, C Russell, RD Stenger, DA AF Johnson, Brandy J. Erickson, Jeffrey S. Kim, Julie Malanoski, Anthony P. Leska, Iwona A. Monk, Stormie M. Edwards, Daniel J. Young, Trent N. Verbarg, Jasenka Bovais, Chris Russell, Ross D. Stenger, David A. TI Miniaturized reflectance devices for chemical sensing SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference of the Asian-Society-for-Precision-Engineering-and-Nanotechnology (ASPEN) CY 2013 CL Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, TAIWAN SP Asian Soc Precis Engn & Nanotechnol HO Natl Taiwan Univ DE reflectance; portable; sensor; porphyrin; color value ID SENSOR NETWORKS; FILMS AB This effort seeks to evaluate the potential of the TAOS TCS3200 RGB sensor chip in a reflectance configuration for use in target detection based on color changes in porphyrin indicators using alcohols as model targets. The chip was evaluated as provided by Parallax, Inc as a component of the TCS3200-DB which includes white LEDs, collimator lens, and standoffs for optimization of sensing distance. Nonlinearity in the response of the daughter board to color standards was observed. Signal noise levels were determined to be less than 1% within a given measurement and measurement-to-measurement variations of similar to 9% were observed. The device proved effective for detection of the color change in several porphyrins upon target exposure and for monitoring the time dependence of changes following exposure. An array of six porphyrins was used for demonstration of differential changes in response to specific targets. Proof-of-concept use of the porphyrin indicators onboard two types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is described. C1 [Johnson, Brandy J.; Erickson, Jeffrey S.; Malanoski, Anthony P.; Stenger, David A.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, Julie] Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. [Leska, Iwona A.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Monk, Stormie M.] Fayetteville State Univ, Fayetteville, NC 28301 USA. [Edwards, Daniel J.; Young, Trent N.; Bovais, Chris] Naval Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Verbarg, Jasenka] Currently Independent, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Russell, Ross D.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Johnson, BJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brandy.white@nrl.navy.mil RI Erickson, Jeffrey/F-6273-2011; Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 25 IS 9 AR 095101 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/25/9/095101 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AP8VK UT WOS:000342357200026 ER PT J AU Stroud, RM Gyngard, F Nittler, LR Zinner, EK AF Stroud, R. M. Gyngard, F. Nittler, L. R. Zinner, E. K. TI TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE BONANZA SUPERNOVA SiC GRAIN SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY SEP 08-13, 2014 CL Casablanca, MOROCCO SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Stroud, R. M.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gyngard, F.; Zinner, E. K.] Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Nittler, L. R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Deptartment Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM rhonda.stroud@nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 SU 1 SI SI BP A383 EP A383 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AP2PA UT WOS:000341914200380 ER PT J AU Takigawa, A Stroud, RM Nittler, LR Alexander, CMO AF Takigawa, A. Stroud, R. M. Nittler, L. R. Alexander, C. M. O'D. TI A TITANIUM OXIDE GRAIN WITHIN A PRESOLAR CORUNDUM SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY SEP 08-13, 2014 CL Casablanca, MOROCCO SP Meteorit Soc ID AL2O3 C1 [Takigawa, A.] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Stroud, R. M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Nittler, L. R.; Alexander, C. M. O'D.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC USA. EM takiga-wa@kueps.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 49 SU 1 SI SI BP A390 EP A390 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AP2PA UT WOS:000341914200387 ER PT J AU Alves, F Grbovic, D Karunasiri, G AF Alves, Fabio Grbovic, Dragoslav Karunasiri, Gamani TI Investigation of microelectromechanical systems bimaterial sensors with metamaterial absorbers for terahertz imaging SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE terahertz sensor; bimaterial; metamaterial absorber ID DESIGN; MEMS; WAVE AB One attractive option to achieve real-time terahertz (THz) imaging is a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) bimaterial sensor with embedded metamaterial absorbers. We have demonstrated that metamaterial films can be designed using standard MEMS materials such as silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon oxinitrate (SiOxNy), and aluminum (Al) to achieve nearly 100% resonant absorption matched to the illumination source, providing structural support, desired thermomechanical properties and access to external optical readout. The metamaterial structure absorbs the incident THz radiation and transfers the heat to bimaterial microcantilevers that are connected to the substrate, which acts as a heat sink via thermal insulating legs, allowing the overall structure to deform proportionally to the absorbed power. The amount of deformation can be probed by measuring the displacement of a laser beam reflected from the sensor's metallic ground plane. Several sensor configurations have been designed, fabricated, and characterized to optimize responsivity and speed of operation and to minimize structural residual stress. Measured responsivity values as high as 1.2 deg/mu W and time constants as low as 20 ms with detectable power on the order of 10 nW were obtained, indicating that the THz MEMS sensors have a great potential for real-time imaging. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Alves, Fabio; Grbovic, Dragoslav; Karunasiri, Gamani] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Alves, F (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM fdalves@nps.edu FU NCMR; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX The authors would like to thank Brian Kearney, Nick Lavrik, Nancy Haegel, Sam Barone, Elison Montagner, Edwin Toh and Luiza Alves for technical assistance. Part of this research was supported by NCMR. A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 36 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 53 IS 9 AR 097103 DI 10.1117/1.OE.53.9.097103 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA AP7TZ UT WOS:000342280900042 ER PT J AU Hickstein, DD Dollar, F Ellis, JL Schnitzenbaumer, KJ Keister, KE Petrov, GM Ding, CY Palm, BB Gaffney, JA Foord, ME Libby, SB Dukovic, G Jimenez, JL Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM Xiong, W AF Hickstein, Daniel D. Dollar, Franklin Ellis, Jennifer L. Schnitzenbaumer, Kyle J. Keister, K. Ellen Petrov, George M. Ding, Chengyuan Palm, Brett B. Gaffney, Jim A. Foord, Mark E. Libby, Stephen B. Dukovic, Gordana Jimenez, Jose L. Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. Xiong, Wei TI Mapping Nanoscale Absorption of Femtosecond Laser Pulses Using Plasma Explosion Imaging SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE plasmonics; local field enhancement; femtosecond lasers; photoion spectroscopy; finite-difference time-domain ID PHOTOELECTRON; NANOPARTICLES; ENHANCEMENT; ELECTRON; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEM; ENERGY; LIGHT AB We make direct observations of localized light absorption in a single nanostructure irradiated by a strong femtosecond laser field, by developing and applying a technique that we refer to as plasma explosion imaging. By imaging the photoion momentum distribution resulting from plasma formation in a laser-irradiated nanostructure, we map the spatial location of the highly localized plasma and thereby image the nanoscale light absorption. Our method probes individual, isolated nanoparticles in vacuum, which allows us to observe how small variations in the composition, shape, and orientation of the nanostructures lead to vastly different light absorption. Here, we study four different nanoparticle samples with overall dimensions of similar to 100 nm and find that each sample exhibits distinct light absorption mechanisms despite their similar size. Specifically, we observe subwavelength focusing in single NaCl crystals, symmetric absorption in TiO2 aggregates, surface enhancement in dielectric particles containing a single gold nanoparticle, and interparticle hot spots in dielectric particles containing multiple smaller gold nanoparticles. These observations demonstrate how plasma explosion imaging directly reveals the diverse ways in which nanoparticles respond to strong laser fields, a process that is notoriously challenging to model because of the rapid evolution of materials properties that takes place on the femtosecond time scale as a solid nanostructure is transformed into a dense plasma. C1 [Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dollar, Franklin; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Keister, K. Ellen; Ding, Chengyuan; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Xiong, Wei] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dollar, Franklin; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Keister, K. Ellen; Ding, Chengyuan; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Xiong, Wei] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schnitzenbaumer, Kyle J.; Palm, Brett B.; Dukovic, Gordana; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Petrov, George M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Palm, Brett B.; Jimenez, Jose L.] CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Foord, Mark E.; Libby, Stephen B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hickstein, DD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM danhickstein@gmail.com RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Gaffney, Jim/0000-0002-2408-0047 FU DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-SC0008803]; NSSEFF Fellowship; DOE [DE-SC0011105]; NOAA [NA13OAR4310063]; DOE Office of Fusion Energy, HED Laboratory Plasmas program [AT5015033]; U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Base Program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0137] FX We thank T. Dimiduk and J. Fung for assistance with preliminary Mie theory calculations and acknowledge insightful conversations with A. Grubisic. We also thank A. Saunders at Nanocomposix for advice regarding gold nanoparticles and J. Phillips for assistance preparing the manuscript. D.D.H., W.X., F.D., C.D., K.E.K., J.L.E., M.M.M., and H.C.K. acknowledge support from the DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences DE-SC0008803 and equipment support from an NSSEFF Fellowship. B.B.P. and J.L.J. thank DOE DE-SC0011105 and NOAA NA13OAR4310063 for support. S.B.L., M.E.F, and J.A.G. acknowledge support from the DOE Office of Fusion Energy, HED Laboratory Plasmas program under grant AT5015033. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. G.M.P. acknowledges support by the Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Base Program. K.J.S. and G.D. acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR award no. FA9550-12-1-0137. Dr. Wei Xiong is presently affiliated with the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 9 BP 8810 EP 8818 DI 10.1021/nn503199v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AP6JP UT WOS:000342184400012 PM 25100104 ER PT J AU Khemlani, S Orenes, I Johnson-Laird, PN AF Khemlani, Sangeet Orenes, Isabel Johnson-Laird, P. N. TI The negations of conjunctions, conditionals, and disjunctions SO ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Conjunctions; Conditionals; Denials; Disjunctions; Mental models; Negation ID EASIER; MODELS AB How do reasoners understand and formulate denials of compound assertions, such as conjunctions and disjunctions? A theory based on mental models postulates that individuals enumerate models of the various possibilities consistent with the assertions. It therefore predicts a novel interaction: in affirmations, conjunctions, A and B, which refer to one possibility, should be easier to understand than disjunctions, A or B, which refer to more than one possibility; in denials, conjunctions, not(A and B), which refer to more than one possibility, should be harder to understand than disjunctions, not(A or B), which do not. Conditionals are ambiguous and they should be of intermediate difficulty. Experiment 1 corroborated this trend with a task in which the participants selected which possibilities were consistent with assertions, such as: Bob denied that he wore a yellow shirt and he wore blue pants on Tuesday. Experiment 2 likewise showed that participants' own formulations of verbal denials yielded the same trend in which denials of conjunctions were harder than denials of conditionals, which in turn were harder than denials of disjunctions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Khemlani, Sangeet] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Orenes, Isabel] Univ La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. [Johnson-Laird, P. N.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Johnson-Laird, P. N.] NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Khemlani, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM skhemlani@gmail.com NR 35 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-6918 EI 1873-6297 J9 ACTA PSYCHOL JI Acta Psychol. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 151 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.05.004 PG 7 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA AP7HL UT WOS:000342248300001 PM 24904998 ER PT J AU Jain, M Jiang, AX Kido, T Takadama, K Mercer, EG Rungta, N Waser, M Wagner, A Burke, J Sofge, D Lawless, W Sridharan, M Hawes, N Hwang, T AF Jain, Manish Jiang, Albert Xin Kido, Takashi Takadama, Keiki Mercer, Eric G. Rungta, Neha Waser, Mark Wagner, Alan Burke, Jennifer Sofge, Don Lawless, William Sridharan, Mohan Hawes, Nick Hwang, Tim TI Reports of the 2014 AAAI Spring Symposium Series SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence was pleased to present the AAAI 2014 Spring Symposium Series, held Monday through Wednesday, March 24-26, 2014. The titles of the eight symposia were Applied Computational Game Theory, Big Data Becomes Personal:, Knowledge into Meaning, Formal Verification and Modeling in Human-Machine Systems, Implementing Selves with Safe Motivational Systems and Self-Improvement, The Intersection of Robust Intelligence and Trust in Autonomous Systems, Knowledge Representation and Reasoning in Robotics, Qualitative Representations for Robots, and Social Hacking and Cognitive Security on the Internet and New Media). This report contains summaries of the symposia, written, in most cases, by the cochairs of the symposium. C1 [Jain, Manish] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Jiang, Albert Xin] Univ So Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kido, Takashi] Rikengenesis, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Takadama, Keiki] Univ Electrocommun, Chofu, Tokyo 182, Japan. [Mercer, Eric G.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Rungta, Neha] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. [Waser, Mark] Digital Wisdom Inst, New York, NY USA. [Wagner, Alan] Georgia Inst Technol, Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Burke, Jennifer] Boeing Res & Technol, New York, NY USA. [Sofge, Don] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Lawless, William] Pain Coll, Augusta, GA USA. [Sridharan, Mohan] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Hawes, Nick] Univ Birmingham, Sch Comp Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Hwang, Tim] Pacific Social Architecting Corp, New York, NY USA. [Hwang, Tim] Data & Soc Res Inst New York City, New York, NY USA. RP Jain, M (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. OI Hawes, Nick/0000-0002-7556-6098 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD FAL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 3 BP 70 EP 76 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA AP1DB UT WOS:000341805500008 ER PT J AU McCarthy, T AF McCarthy, Tom TI Autonomous State: The Struggle for a Canadian Car Industry from OPEC to Free Trade SO CANADIAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [McCarthy, Tom] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McCarthy, T (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0008-3755 EI 1710-1093 J9 CAN HIST REV JI Can. Hist. Rev. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 95 IS 3 BP 494 EP 496 PG 4 WC History SC History GA AP3JO UT WOS:000341972100028 ER PT J AU Beahan, JJ Shih, C Krothapalli, A Kumar, R Chandrasekhara, MS AF Beahan, James J. Shih, Chiang Krothapalli, Anjaneyulu Kumar, Rajan Chandrasekhara, Muguru S. TI Compressible dynamic stall control using high momentum microjets SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC EXCITATION; SEPARATION CONTROL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MECHANISMS; AIRFOIL; FLOW AB Control of the dynamic stall process of a NACA 0015 airfoil undergoing periodic pitching motion is investigated experimentally at the NASA Ames compressible dynamic stall facility. Multiple microjet nozzles distributed uniformly in the first 12 % chord from the airfoil's leading edge are used for the dynamic stall control. Point diffraction interferometry technique is used to characterize the control effectiveness, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The microjet control has been found to be very effective in suppressing both the emergence of the dynamic stall vortex and the associated massive flow separation at the entire operating range of angles of attack. At the high Mach number (M = 0.4), the use of microjets appears to eliminate the shock structures that are responsible for triggering the shock-induced separation, establishing the fact that the use of microjets is effective in controlling dynamic stall with a strong compressibility effect. In general, microjet control has an overall positive effect in terms of maintaining leading edge suction pressure and preventing flow separation. C1 [Beahan, James J.; Shih, Chiang; Krothapalli, Anjaneyulu; Kumar, Rajan] Florida State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Chandrasekhara, Muguru S.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93043 USA. RP Kumar, R (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM rkumar@fsu.edu FU NASA Ames FX This work was supported by a grant from NASA Ames, monitored by Dr. G. Yumauchi; we are grateful for this support. We also thank additional support and technical advices provided by Dr. C. Tung of US Army Aero flight dynamics Division and Dr. J. C. Ross and Dr. R. D. Mehta for allowing the use of the FML CDSF. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 EI 1432-1114 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD SEP PY 2014 VL 55 IS 9 AR 1813 DI 10.1007/s00348-014-1813-6 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA AP6FK UT WOS:000342172800011 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Shi, Y Hou, YT Sherali, HD Kompella, S AF Sharma, Sushant Shi, Yi Hou, Y. Thomas Sherali, Hanif D. Kompella, Sastry TI Joint Optimization of Session Grouping and Relay Node Selection for Network-Coded Cooperative Communications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Optimization; session grouping; relay node selection; cooperative communications; network coding ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; COLUMN GENERATION; DIVERSITY; FRAMEWORK AB Network-coded cooperative communications (NC-CC) is a new paradigm for communications in wireless networks that employs network coding (NC) to improve the performance of CC. A key problem to harness the potential of NC-CC is how to put sessions into different groups, and assign a relay node for each group. In this paper, we study this joint grouping and relay node selection problem for NC-CC. We provide a formal proof of NP-hardness for this problem. Due to NP-hardness, we propose a distributed and online algorithm and show that it offers near-optimal solution to this problem. The key idea in this algorithm is to have each neighboring relay node of a new session calculate the best local group that it can offer and advertise this information; and then to have the source node of the new session select the best local group to join among all offers. We show that our distributed algorithm has polynomial time complexity. Using extensive numerical results, we show that our distributed algorithm adapts well to online network dynamics. C1 [Sharma, Sushant] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Shi, Yi; Hou, Y. Thomas] Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sherali, Hanif D.] Virginia Tech, Dept Ind Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kompella, Sastry] US Naval Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sharma, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sushant@bnl.gov; yshi@vt.edu; thou@vt.edu; hanifs@vt.edu; sastry.kompella@nrl.navy.mil FU NSF [1102013, 1064953, 1247830]; ONR [N00014-13-1-0080] FX The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments. This work was supported in part by NSF Grants 1102013, 1064953, 1247830, and ONR Grant N00014-13-1-0080. The work of S. Kompella was supported in part by the ONR. This work was completed while S. Sharma was a Ph.D. student at Virginia Tech. Y.T. Hou is the corresponding author. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1233 EI 1558-0660 J9 IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT JI IEEE. Trans. Mob. Comput. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 13 IS 9 BP 2028 EP 2041 DI 10.1109/TMC.2013.93 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA AP6BI UT WOS:000342162100010 ER PT J AU Rohde, GK Bucholtz, F Nichols, JM AF Rohde, Gustavo K. Bucholtz, Frank Nichols, Jonathan M. TI Maximum empirical likelihood estimation of time delay in independently and identically distributed noise SO IET SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE maximum likelihood estimation; delay estimation; Gaussian noise; random processes; signal processing; maximum empirical likelihood estimation; time delay; measured digital signal; stationary random process; additive independently and identically distributed noise model; i; i; d; noise; approximate log-likelihood function; Cramer-Rao lower bounds; CRLB; generalised normal distribution; mixed-Gaussian noise model ID NON-GAUSSIAN NOISE; CRAMER-RAO BOUNDS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; CROSS-CORRELATION; SIGNALS; DIRECTION; CLUTTER; SYSTEMS AB The authors apply the maximum empirical likelihood method to the problem of estimating the time delay of a measured digital signal when the signal can be seen as an instance of a stationary random process with additive independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) noise. It is shown that, under these assumptions, an approximate log-likelihood function can be estimated from the measured data itself, and therefore a maximum likelihood estimate can be obtained without the prior knowledge of the formula for the signal likelihood. The Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) for two additive noise models (mixed-Gaussian and generalised normal distribution) are derived. The authors also show that the error produced by the maximum log-likelihood estimates (when the likelihood function is estimated from the measured data) better approximates the CRLB than other estimators for noise models other than Gaussian or Laplacian (special case of the generalised normal). C1 [Rohde, Gustavo K.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Lane Ctr Computat Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Rohde, Gustavo K.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Lane Ctr Computat Biol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bucholtz, Frank; Nichols, Jonathan M.] Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rohde, GK (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Lane Ctr Computat Biol, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM gustavor@cmu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM090033] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Deniz Erdogmus for useful discussions. G. K. R. acknowledges the National Institutes of Health (grant GM090033) for supporting a portion of this work. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-9675 EI 1751-9683 J9 IET SIGNAL PROCESS JI IET Signal Process. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 720 EP 728 DI 10.1049/iet-spr.2013.0268 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AP6XM UT WOS:000342221800003 ER PT J AU Stecher, T Bernstein, N Csanyi, G AF Stecher, Thomas Bernstein, Noam Csanyi, Gabor TI Free Energy Surface Reconstruction from Umbrella Samples Using Gaussian Process Regression SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID HISTOGRAM ANALYSIS METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MONTE-CARLO; SIMULATIONS; ERROR; FLUID AB We demonstrate how the Gaussian process regression approach can be used to efficiently reconstruct free energy surfaces from umbrella sampling simulations. By making a prior assumption of smoothness and taking account of the sampling noise in a consistent fashion, we achieve a significant improvement in accuracy over the state of the art in two or more dimensions or, equivalently, a significant cost reduction to obtain the free energy surface within a prescribed tolerance in both regimes of spatially sparse data and short sampling trajectories. Stemming from its Bayesian interpretation the method provides meaningful error bars without significant additional computation. A software implementation is made available on www.libatoms.org. C1 [Stecher, Thomas; Csanyi, Gabor] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. [Bernstein, Noam] Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stecher, T (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Trumpington St, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. EM thomas.stecher@tum.de; gc121@cam.ac.uk OI Stecher, Thomas/0000-0003-0409-350X FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research program; Office of Naval Research [N000141010826]; European Union FP7-NMP programme [229205 "ADGLASS"] FX N.B. acknowledges funding for this project by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research program. G.C. acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N000141010826 and from the European Union FP7-NMP programme under Grant No. 229205 "ADGLASS". NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 EI 1549-9626 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 10 IS 9 BP 4079 EP 4097 DI 10.1021/ct500438v PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AO7OR UT WOS:000341543000051 PM 26588550 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK Pettit, CL Ostashev, VE Vecherin, SN AF Wilson, D. Keith Pettit, Chris L. Ostashev, Vladimir E. Vecherin, Sergey N. TI Description and quantification of uncertainty in outdoor sound propagation calculations SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; ATMOSPHERE; TURBULENCE; MODEL; PREDICTIONS; SCATTERING; BOUNDARY; NOISE AB The accuracy of outdoor sound propagation predictions is often limited by imperfect knowledge of the atmospheric and ground properties, and random environmental variations such as turbulence. This article describes the impact of such uncertainties, and how they can be efficiently addressed and quantified with stochastic sampling techniques such as Monte Carlo and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS). Extensions to these techniques, such as importance sampling based on simpler, more efficient propagation models, and adaptive importance sampling, are described. A relatively simple example problem involving the Lloyd's mirror effect for an elevated sound source in a homogeneous atmosphere is considered first, followed by a more complicated example involving near-ground sound propagation with refraction and scattering by turbulence. When uncertainties in the atmospheric and ground properties dominate, LHS with importance sampling is found to converge to an accurate estimate with the fewest samples. When random turbulent scattering dominates, the sampling method has little impact. A comprehensive computational approach is demonstrated that is both efficient and accurate, while simultaneously incorporating broadband sources, turbulent scattering, and uncertainty in the environmental properties. C1 [Wilson, D. Keith; Ostashev, Vladimir E.; Vecherin, Sergey N.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Pettit, Chris L.] US Naval Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM d.keith.wilson@usace.army.mil RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 FU U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Geospatial Research and Engineering Business Area FX This research was supported by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Geospatial Research and Engineering Business Area. Permission to publish was granted by Director, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 136 IS 3 BP 1013 EP 1028 DI 10.1121/1.4890644 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AP6RQ UT WOS:000342205700015 PM 25190377 ER PT J AU Mulsow, J Finneran, JJ Houser, DS AF Mulsow, Jason Finneran, James J. Houser, Dorian S. TI Interaural differences in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) auditory nerve response to jawphone click stimuli) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; HEARING PATHWAYS; LOWER JAW; SENSITIVITY; SYSTEM; INTENSITY; WHALE; ABR AB Suction cup transducers, also known as "jawphones," are now commonly used to deliver acoustic stimuli to odontocete cetaceans during hearing studies. It is often assumed that stimulation is primarily limited to the ear ipsilateral to a jawphone; however, the actual differences in auditory stimulation at the two ears are not well understood. To examine these differences, auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were simultaneously recorded from both ears during jawphone stimulation in two bottlenose dolphins. The amplitudes and latencies of auditory nerve responses (ANRs) elicited by broadband clicks were measured as functions of stimulus level and used to estimate the difference in received level and interaural time difference (ITD) between the two ears. Results indicated that clicks received at the ear contralateral to the jawphone were attenuated by approximately 20 dB relative to the level at the ipsilateral ear. The ITD between the contralateral and ipsilateral ears was 70 mu s for the first dolphin and 118 mu s for the second dolphin. While these results provide support for a notable degree of acoustic isolation of the ears for jawphone-delivered stimuli, there are implications for studies involving processes such as sound localization and unilateral hearing loss. C1 [Mulsow, Jason; Houser, Dorian S.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Finneran, James J.] US Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA USA. RP Mulsow, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Isl Dr,200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM jason.mulsow@nmmf.org OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research, Marine Mammals and Biological Oceanography Program FX The authors thank Patrick W. B. Moore for assistance in the preparation of jawphone. The authors also thank the animal care and training staff at the U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program in San Diego, CA. This work was funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, Marine Mammals and Biological Oceanography Program. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 136 IS 3 BP 1402 EP 1409 DI 10.1121/1.4892795 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AP6RQ UT WOS:000342205700051 PM 25190413 ER PT J AU Li, QY Liu, XZ Kim, SP Shenoy, VB Sheehan, PE Robinson, JT Carpick, RW AF Li, Qunyang Liu, Xin-Z. Kim, Sang-Pil Shenoy, Vivek B. Sheehan, Paul E. Robinson, Jeremy T. Carpick, Robert W. TI Fluorination of Graphene Enhances Friction Due to Increased Corrugation SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fluorinated graphene; functionalization; friction; atomic stick-slip friction; energy corrugation ID ATOMICALLY THIN SHEETS; NANOSCALE FRICTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FLUOROGRAPHENE; HYDROGENATION; FLUORIDE; GRAPHANE; COPPER AB The addition of a single sheet of carbon atoms in the form of graphene can drastically alter friction between a nanoscale probe tip and a surface. Here, for the first time we show that friction can be altered over a wide range by fluorination. Specifically, the friction force between silicon atomic force microscopy tips and monolayer fluorinated graphene can range from 5-9 times higher than for graphene. While consistent with previous reports, the combined interpretation from our experiments and molecular dynamics simulations allows us to propose a novel mechanism: that the dramatic friction enhancement results from increased corrugation of the interfacial potential due to the strong local charge concentrated at fluorine sites, consistent with the Prandtl-Tomlinson model. The monotonic increase of friction with fluorination in experiments also demonstrates that friction force measurements provide a sensitive local probe of the degree of fluorination. Additionally, we found a transition from ordered to disordered atomic stick-slip upon fluorination, suggesting that fluorination proceeds in a spatially random manner. C1 [Li, Qunyang; Liu, Xin-Z.; Carpick, Robert W.] Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kim, Sang-Pil] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Shenoy, Vivek B.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sheehan, Paul E.; Robinson, Jeremy T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carpick, RW (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, 220 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM carpick@seas.upenn.edu RI Robinson, Jeremy/F-2748-2010; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; Li, Qunyang/A-2368-2011 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Li, Qunyang/0000-0002-6865-3863 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CMMI-1068741, CMMI-1401164]; Nano/Bio Interface Center through National Science Foundation under NSEC [DMR08-32802]; NSF Major Research Instrumentation Grant [DMR-0923245]; Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) - National Science Foundation [DMR-090098, MSS-130003]; Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials through KIMM-Brown International Cooperative Research Program; NSF [CMMI1308396]; Base Programs via Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation under CMMI-1068741 and CMMI-1401164. Use of University of Pennsylvania Nano/Bio Interface Center instrumentation is acknowledged. Additionally, this research was partially supported by the Nano/Bio Interface Center through the National Science Foundation under NSEC DMR08-32802 and NSF Major Research Instrumentation Grant DMR-0923245 is acknowledged for the use of the NT-MDT Raman spectrometer. S.P.K. acknowledges the support of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant DMR-090098 and MSS-130003 and also the support of Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials through KIMM-Brown International Cooperative Research Program. V.B.S. acknowledges the support from the NSF under Grant CMMI1308396. The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was funded through Base Programs via the Office of Naval Research. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 18 U2 147 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 14 IS 9 BP 5212 EP 5217 DI 10.1021/nl502147t PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AO7PG UT WOS:000341544500045 PM 25072968 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Rowenhorst, DJ AF Fonda, R. W. Rowenhorst, D. J. TI Validating Models Using 3D Microstructural Characterization SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-GROWTH; 3-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS; MARTENSITE C1 [Fonda, R. W.; Rowenhorst, D. J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.fonda@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors acknowledge funding from the Office of Naval Research and through the Naval Research Laboratory, and express gratitude for the guidance, assistance, and many helpful discussions with G. Spanos. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 EI 2161-9425 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 172 IS 9 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AP0IL UT WOS:000341744600023 ER PT J AU Wijesekera, HW Jarosz, E Teague, WJ Wang, DW Fribance, DB Moum, JN Warner, SJ AF Wijesekera, H. W. Jarosz, E. Teague, W. J. Wang, D. W. Fribance, D. B. Moum, J. N. Warner, S. J. TI Measurements of Form and Frictional Drags over a Rough Topographic Bank SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TIDAL FLOW; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; STRATIFIED FLOW; INTERNAL WAVES; 2-DIMENSIONAL OBSTACLES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PRESSURE DRAG; MOUNTAIN; OCEAN; GENERATION AB Pressure differences across topography generate a form drag that opposes the flow in the water column, and viscous and pressure forces acting on roughness elements of the topographic surface generate a frictional drag on the bottom. Form drag and bottom roughness lengths were estimated over the East Flower Garden Bank (EFGB) in the Gulf of Mexico by combining an array of bottom pressure measurements and profiles of velocity and turbulent kinetic dissipation rates. The EFGB is a coral bank about 6 km wide and 10 km long located at the shelf edge that rises from 100-m water depth to about 18 m below the sea surface. The average frictional drag coefficient over the entire bank was estimated as 0.006 using roughness lengths that ranged from 0.001 cm for relatively smooth portions of the bank to 1-10 cm for very rough portions over the corals. The measured form drag over the bank showed multiple time-scale variability. Diurnal tides and low-frequency motions with periods ranging from 4 to 17 days generated form drags of about 2000 N m(-1) with average drag coefficients ranging between 0.03 and 0.22, which are a factor of 5-35 times larger than the average frictional drag coefficient. Both linear wave and quadratic drag laws have similarities with the observed form drag. The form drag is an important flow retardation mechanism even in the presence of the large frictional drag associated with coral reefs and requires parameterization. C1 [Wijesekera, H. W.; Jarosz, E.; Teague, W. J.; Wang, D. W.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Fribance, D. B.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Conway, SC USA. [Moum, J. N.; Warner, S. J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wijesekera, HW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 1009 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM hemantha.wijesekera@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research in an NRL; BOEM [M10PG00038]; ONR [N00014-09-1-0280] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research in an NRL project referred to as Mixing Over Rough Topography (MORT) and by the BOEM in the project referred to as Currents Over Banks (COB) through the Interagency Agreement M10PG00038. Support for James Mown was provided through ONR Grant N00014-09-1-0280. The measurements were made in cooperation with the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Assistance provided by Alexis Lugo-Fernandez of BOEM and Emma Hickerson of NOAA and the crew of the RN Pelican and RN Manta was greatly appreciated. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2409 EP 2432 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-0230.1 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AO4TM UT WOS:000341334300009 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Andersen, PE Justus, BL Galtarossa, A AF Zhang, Xi-Cheng Andersen, Peter E. Justus, Brian L. Galtarossa, Andrea TI Editorial: acceptance criteria and editorial procedures for Optics Letters SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material AB Optics Letters Editors strive to provide timely reviews and decisions for authors while bringing top quality papers to the optics community. The purpose of this editorial is to explain Optics Letters' acceptance criteria and editorial procedures. Our hope is that greater transparency concerning the decision-making process will increase understanding as well as acceptance of our criteria and procedures. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhang, Xi-Cheng] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, New York, NY 14623 USA. [Andersen, Peter E.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Photon Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Justus, Brian L.] Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC USA. [Galtarossa, Andrea] Univ Padua, Dept Informat Engn, Padua, Italy. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, New York, NY 14623 USA. EM xi-cheng.zhang@rochester.edu RI Zhang, Xi-Cheng/G-1306-2016 OI Zhang, Xi-Cheng/0000-0003-3721-1357 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 17 BP ED2 EP ED3 DI 10.1364/OL.39.000ED2 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA AO1UK UT WOS:000341100300001 PM 25166120 ER PT J AU Ciarcia, M Grompone, A Romano, M AF Ciarcia, Marco Grompone, Alessio Romano, Marcello TI A near-optimal guidance for cooperative docking maneuvers SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Near-optimal guidance; Docking maneuver; Direct method; Real-time optimization; Rendezvous; Nonlinear programming ID RENDEZVOUS TRAJECTORIES; SPACECRAFT AB In this work we study the problem of minimum energy docking maneuvers between two Floating Spacecraft Simulators. The maneuvers are planar and conducted autonomously in a cooperative mode. The proposed guidance strategy is based on the direct method known as Inverse Dynamics in the Virtual Domain, and the nonlinear programming solver known as Sequential Gradient-Restoration Algorithm. The combination of these methods allows for the quick prototyping of near-optimal trajectories, and results in an implementable tool for real-time closed-loop maneuvering. The experimental results included in this paper were obtained by exploiting the recently upgraded Floating Spacecraft-Simulator Testbed of the Spacecraft Robotics Laboratory at the Naval Postgraduate School. A direct performances comparison, in terms of maneuver energy and propellant mass, between the proposed guidance strategy and a LQR controller, demonstrates the effectiveness of the method. (C) 2014 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ciarcia, Marco; Grompone, Alessio; Romano, Marcello] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ciarcia, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mciarcia@nps.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 102 BP 367 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.01.002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AN6HB UT WOS:000340694500034 ER PT J AU Gagne, JP Crenshaw, DM Kraemer, SB Schmitt, HR Keel, WC Rafter, S Fischer, TC Bennert, VN Schawinski, K AF Gagne, J. P. Crenshaw, D. M. Kraemer, S. B. Schmitt, H. R. Keel, W. C. Rafter, S. Fischer, T. C. Bennert, V. N. Schawinski, K. TI SPATIALLY RESOLVED SPECTRA OF THE "TEACUP" ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS: TRACING THE HISTORY OF A DYING QUASAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; galaxies: active; galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; galaxies: Seyfert; quasars: emission lines; techniques: spectroscopic ID NARROW-LINE REGION; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; GALAXY; EMISSION; CLASSIFICATION; MODELS; SKY AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Galaxy Zoo project has revealed a number of spectacular galaxies possessing extended emission-line regions (EELRs), the most famous being Hanny's Voorwerp galaxy. We present another EELR object discovered in the SDSS endeavor: the Teacup active galactic nucleus (AGN). Nicknamed for its EELR, which has a "handle"-like structure protruding 15 kpc into the northeast quadrant of the galaxy. We analyze the physical conditions of this galaxy with long-slit, ground-based spectroscopy from the Lowell, Lick, and KPNO observatories. With the Lowell 1.8 m Perkin's telescope we took multiple observations at different offset positions, allowing us to recover spatially resolved spectra across the galaxy. Line diagnostics indicate the ionized gas is photoionized primarily by the AGN. Additionally we are able to derive the hydrogen density from the [S II]lambda 6716/.6731 ratio. We generated two-component photoionization models for each spatially resolved Lowell spectrum. These models allow us to calculate the AGN bolometric luminosity seen by the gas at different radii from the nuclear center of the Teacup. Our results show a drop in bolometric luminosity by more than two orders of magnitude from the EELR to the nucleus, suggesting that the AGN has decreased in luminosity by this amount in a continuous fashion over 46,000 yr, supporting the case for a dying AGN in this galaxy independent of any IR based evidence. We demonstrate that spatially resolved photoionization modeling could be applied to EELRs to investigate long timescale variability. C1 [Gagne, J. P.; Crenshaw, D. M.; Fischer, T. C.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Kraemer, S. B.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Schmitt, H. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Keel, W. C.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Rafter, S.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Bennert, V. N.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Schawinski, K.] ETH, Dept Phys, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Gagne, JP (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 25 Pk Pl South SE,Suite 600, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM gagne@chara.gsu.edu OI Schawinski, Kevin/0000-0001-5464-0888 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [PP00P2_138979/1] FX K.S. gratefully acknowledges support from Swiss National Science Foundation Grant PP00P2_138979/1. J.G. acknowledges K.S. for the naming of the Teacup AGN, and thanks D. M.C. and S.B.K. for their mentorship. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 792 IS 1 AR 72 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/72 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AO2RE UT WOS:000341172100072 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Davis, J AF Petrov, George M. Davis, Jack TI Parallelization of an Implicit Algorithm for Multi-Dimensional Particle-in-Cell Simulations SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Particle-in-cell; Maxwell equations; MPI; lasertarget interaction ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD ALGORITHM; PLASMA SIMULATION; CODE AB The implicit 2D3V particle-in-cell (PIC) code developed to study the interaction of ultrashort pulse lasers with matter [G. M. Petrov and J. Davis, Computer Phys. Comm. 179, 868 (2008); Phys. Plasmas 18, 073102 (2011)] has been parallelized using MPI (Message Passing Interface). The parallelization strategy is optimized for a small number of computer cores, up to about 64. Details on the algorithm implementation are given with emphasis on code optimization by overlapping computations with communications. Performance evaluation for 1D domain decomposition has been made on a small Linux cluster with 64 computer cores for two typical regimes of PIC operation: "particle dominated", for which the bulk of the computation time is spent on pushing particles, and "field dominated", for which computing the fields is prevalent. For a small number of computer cores, less than 32, the MPI implementation offers a significant numerical speed-up. In the "particle dominated" regime it is close to the maximum theoretical one, while in the "field dominated" regime it is about 75-80 % of the maximum speed-up. For a number of cores exceeding 32, performance degradation takes place as a result of the adopted 1D domain decomposition. The code parallelization will allow future implementation of atomic physics and extension to three dimensions. C1 [Petrov, George M.; Davis, Jack] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM george.petrov@nrl.navy.mil; jack.davis@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory under the Base 6.1 program. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 3208, CENTRAL PLAZA, 18 HARBOUR RD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 EI 1991-7120 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 16 IS 3 BP 599 EP 611 DI 10.4208/cicp.070813.280214a PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AN7NS UT WOS:000340787900002 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, Peter J. TI The Profession of IT Learning for the New Digital Age SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 EI 1557-7317 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD SEP PY 2014 VL 57 IS 9 BP 29 EP 31 DI 10.1145/2644230 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA AO3OG UT WOS:000341240700016 ER PT J AU Dobson, DW Holland, KT Calantoni, J AF Dobson, David W. Holland, K. Todd Calantoni, Joseph TI Fast, large-scale, particle image velocimetry-based estimations of river surface velocity SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Particle image velocimetry; Temporal correlation; River surface flow ID VIDEO IMAGERY AB A modified high-speed implementation of cross-correlation (CC) based, large-scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) was used to estimate the surface velocity of a river with video collected from a gray-scale camera. To improve the quality of results in the high-noise low-signal environment, we introduce a temporal correlation averaging (TCA) scheme that merges a small number of correlation surfaces in the time domain. The TCA scheme is combined with a multi-size macroblock (MMB) sampling method that provides correlation scores from four different macroblock sizes. The TCA scheme is also used in conjunction with a signal-level indicator computed on the macroblock. The signal-level indicator is used to reject correlation scores prior to computation and helps to keep noisy results out of the TCA. These modifications were tested by comparing LSPIV calculations to Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measurements. The percent difference of measured velocity between LSPIV with TCA and MMB and without TCA and MMB when compared to the ADCP was reduced by as much as 30%. The low processing cost of our modifications along with an efficient multithread implementation of LSPIV facilitates high speed processing of up to a few thousand vector points at rates that exceed the capture speed of common hardware. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dobson, David W.; Holland, K. Todd; Calantoni, Joseph] Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Dobson, DW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Code 7442,Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM david.dobson@nrlssc.navy.mil; todd.holland@nrlssc.navy.mil; joe.calantoni@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 FU Naval Research Laboratory by the Office of Naval Research; Jerome and Isabella Karle Distinguished Scholar Fellowship Program FX Authors were supported with base funding provided by the Naval Research Laboratory by the Office of Naval Research. D.D. was supported by the Jerome and Isabella Karle Distinguished Scholar Fellowship Program. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 70 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2014.05.007 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA AN6HG UT WOS:000340695000004 ER PT J AU Ward, T AF Ward, Thomas TI SPENSER'S IRISH HUBBUB SO ELH LA English DT Article C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ward, T (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0013-8304 EI 1080-6547 J9 ELH JI ELH PD FAL PY 2014 VL 81 IS 3 BP 757 EP 786 PG 30 WC Literature SC Literature GA AO4BL UT WOS:000341281100003 ER PT J AU Matsangas, P McCauley, ME Becker, W AF Matsangas, Panagiotis McCauley, Michael E. Becker, William TI The Effect of Mild Motion Sickness and Sopite Syndrome on Multitasking Cognitive Performance SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article DE cognitive multitasking performance; motion sickness; sopite syndrome; stress; cognitive resources ID WORK-ENVIRONMENT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; QUESTIONNAIRE; ATTENTION; SYNWORK1; SEARCH; ADULTS; TASK AB Objective: In this study, we investigated the effects of mild motion sickness and sopite syndrome on multitasking cognitive performance. Background: Despite knowledge on general motion sickness, little is known about the effect of motion sickness and sopite syndrome on multitasking cognitive performance. Specifically, there is a gap in existing knowledge in the gray area of mild motion sickness. Method: Fifty-one healthy individuals performed a multitasking battery. Three independent groups of participants were exposed to two experimental sessions. Two groups received motion only in the first or the second session, whereas the control group did not receive motion. Measurements of motion sickness, sopite syndrome, alertness, and performance were collected during the experiment. Results: Only during the second session, motion sickness and sopite syndrome had a significant negative association with cognitive performance. Significant performance differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic participants in the second session were identified in composite (9.43%), memory (31.7%), and arithmetic (14.7%) task scores. The results suggest that performance retention between sessions was not affected by mild motion sickness. Conclusion: Multitasking cognitive performance declined even when motion sickness and soporific symptoms were mild. The results also show an order effect. We postulate that the differential effect of session on the association between symptomatology and multitasking performance may be related to the attentional resources allocated to performing the multiple tasks. Results suggest an inverse relationship between motion sickness effects on performance and the cognitive effort focused on performing a task. Application: Even mild motion sickness has potential implications for multitasking operational performance. C1 [Matsangas, Panagiotis; McCauley, Michael E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [McCauley, Michael E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Becker, William] Naval Med Res Unit, Air Force Mat Command, Dayton, OH USA. RP Matsangas, P (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pmatsang@nps.edu NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SEP PY 2014 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1124 EP 1135 DI 10.1177/0018720814522484 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA AN8BT UT WOS:000340827100008 PM 25277021 ER PT J AU Shatnawi, D Oaxaca, R Ransom, M AF Shatnawi, Dina Oaxaca, Ronald Ransom, Michael TI Movin' on up: Hierarchical occupational segmentation and gender wage gaps SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC INEQUALITY LA English DT Article DE Gender discrimination; Job segregation; Wage decompositions ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; IDENTIFICATION; DECOMPOSITIONS; PAY; SEGREGATION AB Our study evaluates and extends existing wage decomposition methodologies that seek to measure the contributions of endowments, pure wage discrimination, and job segregation. We employ data from a regional supermarket that faced a Title VII class-action lawsuit to examine how standard wage specifications integrated with a model of hierarchical segregation might perform in wage decompositions. Our results show that a common misspecification of the wage structure leads to false inferences about the presence of pure wage discrimination. We demonstrate the generalizability of our methodology using CPS data. C1 [Shatnawi, Dina] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Oaxaca, Ronald] Univ Arizona, Dept Econ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Oaxaca, Ronald] IZA, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ransom, Michael] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Econ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Ransom, Michael] IZA, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Shatnawi, D (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Ingersoll Hall,Room 231,555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dshatnaw@nps.edu; rlo@email.arizona.edu; ransom@byu.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-1721 EI 1573-8701 J9 J ECON INEQUAL JI J. Econ. Inequal. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 12 IS 3 BP 315 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s10888-013-9257-4 PG 24 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AN9QY UT WOS:000340944000002 ER PT J AU Broutman, D Eckermann, SD Drob, DP AF Broutman, Dave Eckermann, Stephen D. Drob, Douglas P. TI The Partial Reflection of Tsunami-Generated Gravity Waves SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE AB A vertical eigenfunction equation is solved to examine the partial reflection and partial transmission of tsunami-generated gravity waves propagating through a height-dependent background atmosphere from the ocean surface into the lower thermosphere. There are multiple turning points for each vertical eigenfunction (at least eight in one example), yet the wave transmission into the thermosphere is significant. Examples are given for gravity wave propagation through an idealized wind jet centered near the mesopause and through a realistic vertical profile of wind and temperature relevant to the tsunami generated by the Sumatra earthquake on 26 December 2004. C1 [Broutman, Dave] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Eckermann, Stephen D.; Drob, Douglas P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Broutman, D (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, 8001 Braddock Rd, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM daveb@cpi.com FU Office of Naval Research through the NRL 6.1 work unit "The Boundary Paradox" FX This research was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research through the NRL 6.1 work unit "The Boundary Paradox." We thank Prof. M. Hickey for an early discussion. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 71 IS 9 BP 3416 EP 3426 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0309.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO3KC UT WOS:000341227100017 ER PT J AU Wilson, RL Truesdell, AG AF Wilson, Ramey L. Truesdell, A. G. TI Firebase medicine: extending the Role I aid station SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS LA English DT Article ID CASUALTY CARE; AFGHANISTAN; EXPERIENCES; OPERATIONS AB The unique nature of counterinsurgency warfare in Afghanistan highlights the tactical and technical challenges of the non-contiguous battlefield. Although remote military outposts distant from their support hubs help project NATO power, they also operate without the advantages of a secure rear area or interior lines of communication. Commonly referred to as 'firebases', these outposts typically house a platoon or company-sized element and present numerous challenges to the delivery of medical care and support. Medical planners and providers can mitigate many of these inherent risks through targeted interventions designed to increase the capabilities of these remote outposts. These interventions include focused higher-level trauma and non-trauma medical training for both medical and non-medical personnel, expanded equipment lists, ongoing medical education, training and rehearsals, and a proven and redundant communications plan. C1 [Wilson, Ramey L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Wilson, Ramey L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Truesdell, A. G.] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Wilson, RL (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Dept Med, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM ramey.wilson@us.army.mil NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0035-8665 EI 2052-0468 J9 J ROY ARMY MED CORPS JI J. R. Army Med. Corps PD SEP PY 2014 VL 160 IS 3 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1136/jramc-2013-000126 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN8CR UT WOS:000340830000003 PM 24125799 ER PT J AU Grabo, D Inaba, K Hammer, P Karamanos, E Skiada, D Martin, M Sullivan, M Demetriades, D AF Grabo, Daniel Inaba, Kenji Hammer, Peter Karamanos, Efstathios Skiada, Dimitra Martin, Matthew Sullivan, Maura Demetriades, Demetrios TI Optimal training for emergency needle thoracostomy placement by prehospital personnel: Didactic teaching versus a cadaver-based training program SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Prehospital needle thoracostomy; tension pneumothorax; simulation training; education; cadaver-based training ID COMBAT CASUALTY CARE; TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX; SPECIAL OPERATIONS; DECOMPRESSION; DEATH; THORACENTESIS; BATTLEFIELD; SIMULATION AB BACKGROUND: Tension pneumothorax can rapidly progress to cardiac arrest and death if not promptly recognized and appropriately treated. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional didactic slide-based lectures (SBLs) as compared with fresh tissue cadaver-based training (CBT) for placement of needle thoracostomy (NT). METHODS: Forty randomly selected US Navy corpsmen were recruited to participate from incoming classes of the Navy Trauma Training Center at the LAC + USC Medical Center and were then randomized to one of two NT teaching methods. The following outcomes were compared between the two study arms: (1) time required to perform the procedure, (2) correct placement of the needle, and (3) magnitude of deviation from the correct position. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 40 corpsmen were enrolled, 20 randomized to SBL and 20 to CBT arms. When outcomes were analyzed, time required to NT placement was not different between the two arms. Examination of the location of needle placement revealed marked differences between the two study groups. Only a minority of the SBL group (35%) placed the NT correctly in the second intercostal space. In comparison, the majority of corpsmen assigned to the CBT group demonstrated accurate placement in the second intercostal space (75%). CONCLUSION: In a CBT module, US Navy corpsmen were better trained to place NT accurately than their traditional didactic SBL counterparts. Further studies are indicated to identify the optimal components of effective simulation training for NT and other emergent interventions. (Copyright (C) 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) C1 [Grabo, Daniel; Hammer, Peter] LAC USC Med Ctr, Navy Trauma Training Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Inaba, Kenji; Karamanos, Efstathios; Skiada, Dimitra; Sullivan, Maura; Demetriades, Demetrios] Keck Sch Med USC, Dept Surg, Div Acute Care Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Martin, Matthew] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Grabo, D (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Div Acute Care Surg, USN, Navy Trauma Training Ctr,LAC USC Med Ctr, 1200 N State St,Room 1050, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM daniel.grabo@usc.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 77 SU 2 BP S109 EP S113 DI 10.1097/TA.0000000000000349 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA AO2BL UT WOS:000341120400010 PM 25159343 ER PT J AU Yang, YT Hendricks, EA Kuo, HC Peng, MS AF Yang, Yi-Ting Hendricks, Eric A. Kuo, Hung-Chi Peng, Melinda S. TI Long-Lived Concentric Eyewalls in Typhoon Soulik (2013) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE; EVOLUTION; VORTEX; EYE AB The authors report on western North Pacific Typhoon Soulik (2013), which had two anomalously long-lived concentric eyewall (CE) episodes, as identified from microwave satellite data, radar data, and total precipitable water data. The first period was 25 h long and occurred while Soulik was at category 4 intensity. The second period was 34 h long and occurred when Soulik was at category 2 intensity. A large moat and outer eyewall width were present in both CE periods, and there was a significant contraction of the inner eyewall radius from the first period to the second period. The typhoon intensity decrease was partially due to encountering unfavorable environmental conditions of low ocean heat content and dry air, even though inner eyewall contraction would generally support intensification. The T Vmax diagram (where T is the brightness temperature and Vmax is the best track estimated intensity) is used to analyze the time sequence of the intensity and convective activity. The convective activity (and thus the integrated kinetic energy) increased during the CE periods despite the weakening of intensity. C1 [Yang, Yi-Ting] Off Disaster Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan. [Hendricks, Eric A.; Peng, Melinda S.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Kuo, Hung-Chi] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Kuo, HC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM kuo@as.ntu.edu.tw OI KUO, HUNG-CHI/0000-0001-9102-5104 FU National Science Council, Taiwan [NSC-100-2811-M-002-149, NSC-100-2111-M-002-004-MY3, NSC-100-2628-M-002-019]; U.S. Office of Naval Research NICOP [N62909-11-1-7096] FX This research is sponsored by National Science Council, Taiwan, under Grants NSC-100-2811-M-002-149, NSC-100-2111-M-002-004-MY3, NSC-100-2628-M-002-019, and by the U.S. Office of Naval Research NICOP Grant N62909-11-1-7096. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 142 IS 9 BP 3365 EP 3371 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00085.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO2QU UT WOS:000341171100018 ER PT J AU Foerster, AM Bell, MM Harr, PA Jones, SC AF Foerster, Annete M. Bell, Michael M. Harr, Patrick A. Jones, Sarah C. TI Observations of the Eyewall Structure of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) during the Transformation Stage of Extratropical Transition SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS; DOPPLER RADARS; INFLOW LAYER; INNER-CORE; HURRICANE; EVOLUTION; VORTICES; PRECIPITATION AB A unique dataset observing the life cycle of Typhoon Sinlaku was collected during The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) in 2008. In this study observations of the transformation stage of the extratropical transition of Sinlaku are analyzed. Research flights with the Naval Research Laboratory P-3 and the U.S. Air Force WC-130 aircraft were conducted in the core region of Sinlaku. Data from the Electra Doppler Radar (ELDORA), dropsondes, aircraft flight level, and satellite atmospheric motion vectors were analyzed with the recently developed Spline Analysis at Mesoscale Utilizing Radar and Aircraft Instrumentation (SAMURAI) software with a 1-km horizontal- and 0.5-km vertical-node spacing. The SAMURAI analysis shows marked asymmetries in the structure of the core region in the radar reflectivity and three-dimensional wind field. The highest radar reflectivities were found in the left of shear semicircle, and maximum ascent was found in the downshear left quadrant. Initial radar echos were found slightly upstream of the downshear direction and downdrafts were primarily located in the upshear semicircle, suggesting that individual cells in Sinlaku's eyewall formed in the downshear region, matured as they traveled downstream, and decayed in the upshear region. The observed structure is consistent with previous studies of tropical cyclones in vertical wind shear, suggesting that the eyewall convection is primarily shaped by increased vertical wind shear during step 2 of the transformation stage, as was hypothesized by Klein et al. A transition from active convection upwind to stratiform precipitation downwind is similar to that found in the principal rainband of more intense tropical cyclones. C1 [Foerster, Annete M.; Jones, Sarah C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Bell, Michael M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Harr, Patrick A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Foerster, AM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM foerster@hawaii.edu FU T-PARC field campaign; German Research Foundation (DFG) Projects PANDOWAE [FOR896]; Helmholtz Foundation ATMO Program; National Science Foundation [AGS-0851077, ATM-0736003]; Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology [N001408WR20129, N000141410118, N0001412AF00002] FX We thank the international consortium that supported the T-PARC field campaign, the National Center for Atmospheric Research Earth Observing Laboratory for data management and quality control, and ECMWF for access to the operational analyses. Funding for AMF and SCJ was received from the German Research Foundation (DFG) Projects PANDOWAE (FOR896) and from the Helmholtz Foundation ATMO Program. MMB was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant AGS-0851077 and Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology Grants N001408WR20129 and N000141410118. PAH was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0736003 and the Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology Grant N0001412AF00002. The authors thank Chris Davis for his helpful comments throughout the course of this research, and Michael Riemer and one anonymous reviewer for their careful reviews that helped to improve the initial manuscript. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 142 IS 9 BP 3372 EP 3392 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00313.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO2QU UT WOS:000341171100019 ER PT J AU Satterfield, EA Bishop, CH AF Satterfield, Elizabeth A. Bishop, Craig H. TI Heteroscedastic Ensemble Postprocessing SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; ECONOMIC VALUE; PREDICTION SYSTEMS; DRESSING KERNEL; MODEL; WEATHER; ERROR; VERIFICATION; RELIABILITY; STATISTICS AB Ensemble variances provide a prediction of the flow-dependent error variance of the ensemble mean or, possibly, a high-resolution forecast. However, small ensemble size, unaccounted for model error, and imperfections in ensemble generation schemes cause the predictions of error variance to be imperfect. In previous work, the authors developed an analytic approximation to the posterior distribution of true error variances, given an imperfect ensemble prediction, based on parameters recovered from long archives of innovation and ensemble variance pairs. This paper shows how heteroscedastic postprocessing enables climatological information to be blended with ensemble forecast information when information about the distribution of true error variances given an ensemble sample variance is available. A hierarchy of postprocessing methods are described, each graded on the amount of information about the posterior distribution of error variances used in the postprocessing. These homoscedastic methods are used to assess the value of knowledge of the mean and variance of the posterior distribution of error variances to ensemble postprocessing and explore sensitivity to various parameter regimes. Testing was performed using both synthetic data and operational ensemble forecasts of a Gaussian-distributed variable, to provide a proof-of-concept demonstration in a semi-idealized framework. Rank frequency histograms, weather roulette, continuous ranked probability score, and spread-skill diagrams are used to quantify the value of information about the posterior distribution of error variances. It is found that ensemble postprocessing schemes that utilize the full distribution of error variances given the ensemble sample variance outperform those that do not. C1 [Satterfield, Elizabeth A.; Bishop, Craig H.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Satterfield, EA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM elizabeth.satterfield@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Jerome and Isabella Karle Fellowship at NRL; NRL Base Program [BE033-03-45]; U.S. Office of Naval Research [4304-D-O-5, 6681-0-4-5] FX We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments that helped to improve this manuscript. EAS gratefully acknowledges support from the Jerome and Isabella Karle Fellowship at NRL and from the NRL Base Program through BE033-03-45. CHB gratefully acknowledges support from the U.S. Office of Naval Research Grants 4304-D-O-5 and 6681-0-4-5. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 142 IS 9 BP 3484 EP 3502 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00286.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO2QU UT WOS:000341171100025 ER PT J AU Burnett, W Harper, S Preller, R Jacobs, G LaCroix, K AF Burnett, William Harper, Scott Preller, Ruth Jacobs, Gregg LaCroix, Kevin TI Overview of Operational Ocean Forecasting in the US Navy Past, Present, and Future SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SYSTEM C1 [Burnett, William; LaCroix, Kevin] CNMOC, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Harper, Scott] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Preller, Ruth] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Jacobs, Gregg] Naval Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Burnett, W (reprint author), CNMOC, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM william.h.bumett@navy.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2014 VL 27 IS 3 SI SI BP 24 EP 31 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2VR UT WOS:000340444600006 ER PT J AU Metzger, EJ Smedstad, OM Thoppil, PG Hurlburt, HE Cummings, JA Wallcraft, AJ Zamudio, L Franklin, DS Posey, PG Phelps, MW Hogan, PJ Bub, FL DeHaan, CJ AF Metzger, E. Joseph Smedstad, Ole Martin Thoppil, Prasad G. Hurlburt, Harley E. Cummings, James A. Wallcraft, Alan J. Zamudio, Luis Franklin, Deborah S. Posey, Pamela G. Phelps, Michael W. Hogan, Patrick J. Bub, Frank L. DeHaan, Chris J. TI US Navy Operational Global Ocean and Arctic Ice Prediction Systems SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; VERTICAL COORDINATE; HYCOM AB The US Navy's operational global ocean nowcast/forecast system is presently comprised of the 0.08 degrees HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and the Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA). Its high horizontal resolution and adaptive vertical coordinate system make it capable of producing nowcasts (current state) and forecasts of oceanic "weather," which includes three-dimensional ocean temperature, salinity, and current structure; surface mixed layer depth; and the location of mesoscale features such as eddies, meandering currents, and fronts. It runs daily at the Naval Oceanographic Office and provides seven-day forecasts that support fleet operations, provide boundary conditions to higher resolution regional models, and are available to the community. Using a data-assimilative hindcast and series of 14-day forecasts for 2012, the system is shown to have forecast skill of the oceanic mesoscale out to about 10 days for the Gulf Stream region and to 14+ days for the global ocean and other selected subregions. Forecast skill is sensitive to the type of atmospheric forcing (i.e., operational vs. analysis quality). Subsurface temperature bias is small (< 0.25 degrees C) and root mean square error peaks at the depth range of the mixed layer and thermocline. Coupled to the Community Ice CodE (CICE) on the same grid, the HYCOM/CICE/NCODA system (initially restricted to the Arctic) provides sea ice nowcasts and forecasts. Ice edge location errors are improved from the previous sea ice prediction system but are limited in part by the accuracy of the satellite observations it assimilates. C1 [Metzger, E. Joseph; Thoppil, Prasad G.; Cummings, James A.; Wallcraft, Alan J.; Posey, Pamela G.; Hogan, Patrick J.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Smedstad, Ole Martin; Franklin, Deborah S.] QinetiQ North Amer, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Hurlburt, Harley E.; Zamudio, Luis] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Phelps, Michael W.] Jacobs Technol, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Bub, Frank L.; DeHaan, Chris J.] Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Metzger, EJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM joe.metzger@nrIssc.navy.mil FU National Ocean Partnership Program; Office of Naval Research [0602435N]; Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command [0603207N]; DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX The authors thank Bruce Hackett and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments. This effort was initially funded by the National Ocean Partnership Program and is currently funded by the Office of Naval Research under program element 0602435N and by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command under program element 0603207N. The numerical hindcasts and forecasts were performed on the Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center IBM iDataPlex computers at Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, using grants of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. This is NRL contribution NRL/JA17320-13-2008, which is approved for public release and distribution is unlimited. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2014 VL 27 IS 3 SI SI BP 32 EP 43 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2VR UT WOS:000340444600007 ER PT J AU Rowley, C Mask, A AF Rowley, Clark Mask, Andrea TI Regional and Coastal Prediction with the Reloctable Ocean Nowcast/Forecast System SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA; TIDES; MODEL AB The US Navy maintains a capability for regional and coastal ocean modeling as part of a comprehensive effort to predict the impact of the environment (air, water, land, and ice) on naval operations, training, and support activities. The current operational regional ocean modeling capability is based on the Naval Research Laboratory's RELOcatable ocean nowcast/forecast (RELO) system, and this system has formed the basis for further development in advanced data assimilation, ensemble prediction, and coupled modeling. This article presents an overview of the RELO system and its operational application. C1 [Rowley, Clark] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Mask, Andrea] Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Rowley, C (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM clark.rowley@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Rowley, Clark/0000-0003-3496-6404 FU Office of Naval Research [0602435N]; Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command [0603207N] FX The first author's work was funded by the Office of Naval Research under program element 0602435N and by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command under program element 0603207N. This paper is NRL contribution number JA/7320-14-2058 and is approved for public release. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2014 VL 27 IS 3 SI SI BP 44 EP 55 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2VR UT WOS:000340444600008 ER PT J AU Rogers, WE Dykes, JD Wittmann, PA AF Rogers, W. Erick Dykes, James D. Wittmann, Paul A. TI US Navy Global and Regional Wave Modeling SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEANOGRAPHY CENTER; PREDICTION SYSTEM; WIND; FORECASTS; VALIDATION; NCEP AB This article reviews the prediction of wind-generated surface gravity waves over the world ocean by the US Navy. The numerical wave model WAVE WATCH III center dot is used operationally for this purpose at the two primary Navy operational centers, the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center and the Naval Oceanographic Office. This model is briefly described, and an overview is given of the current operational and near-operational features of global- and regional-scale wave models at the two centers. Planned features are summarized. C1 [Rogers, W. Erick; Dykes, James D.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Wittmann, Paul A.] Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. RP Rogers, WE (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM erick.rogers@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research through the National Oceanographic Partnership Program [0602435N]; Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command [0603207N] FX A number of scientists and software developers have made important contributions to the wave modeling efforts described here. The authors thank Dan Geiszler (FNMOC applications), Jim Cummings (FNMOC data assimilation), Rick Allard (coupled modeling), David Wang (swell analysis), Buck Sampson (consistent tropical forecasts), Arun Chawla (grid generation software), Uriah Gravois (new output parameters, e.g., crossing seas prediction), Tim Campbell (grid methods, scripting and code maintenance), Stefan Zieger, and the WW3 development team. We thank Jeikook Choi (NAVOCEANO), Jean Bid lot (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF), Charles Cox, and two anonymous reviewers for useful recommendations. This work is funded in part by the Office of Naval Research through the National Oceanographic Partnership Program under program element 0602435N and by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command under program element 0603207N. This paper is contribution NRL/JA/7320-14-2099 and has been approved for public release. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2014 VL 27 IS 3 SI SI BP 56 EP 67 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2VR UT WOS:000340444600009 ER PT J AU Jolliff, JK Ladner, S Crout, R Lyon, P Matulewski, K Arnone, RA Lewis, D AF Jolliff, Jason Keith Ladner, Sherwin Crout, Richard Lyon, Paul Matulewski, Kenneth Arnone, Robert A. Lewis, David TI Forecasting the Ocean's Optical Environment Using the BioCast System SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MODEL; PHYTOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY; WATERS AB The Bio-Optical Forecasting (BioCast) system is a model that provides the US Navy with short-term forecasts of the ocean's optical environment. The forecasts are required to support a broad spectrum of naval operations, including mine countermeasure, anti-submarine, and expeditionary warfare operations. The BioCast system works by treating any geo-referenced surface ocean optical property provided via the US Navy's satellite data processing systems as a prognostic state variable. BioCast will then ingest operational ocean model velocity forecasts and calculate the three-dimensional optical property (pseudo-tracer) transport. BioCast verification statistics generated via forecast comparison to "next-day" satellite images show superior performance over 24-hour persistence of composite satellite data. Future operational modifications to BioCast, such as complex internal transformation submodels, must demonstrate superior performance to the established benchmark metrics and/or persistence over the operational forecast time horizon. Future BioCast applications will expand to include an interface with three-dimensional system performance simulation techniques that will predict how specific US Navy sensors will perform in the ocean's optical environment. C1 [Jolliff, Jason Keith; Ladner, Sherwin; Crout, Richard; Lewis, David] NRL, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Lyon, Paul; Matulewski, Kenneth] Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Arnone, Robert A.] Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Jolliff, JK (reprint author), NRL, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jolliff@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [62435N] FX This work was funded through Program Element (PE) 62435N by the Office of Naval Research. BioCast software is US Naval Research Laboratory proprietary, US Patent Office application filed. This is NRL contribution number NRL/JA/7330-13-2012 and has been approved for public release. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2014 VL 27 IS 3 SI SI BP 68 EP 79 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2VR UT WOS:000340444600010 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Stone, M Laurent, HK Rauh, MJ Granger, DA AF Taylor, Marcus K. Stone, Michael Laurent, Heidemarie K. Rauh, Mitchell J. Granger, Douglas A. TI Neuroprotective-neurotrophic effect of endogenous dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate during intense stress exposure SO STEROIDS LA English DT Article DE DHEA sulfate; Neurotrophin; Nerve growth factor; Testosterone; Cortisol; Stress ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; FACTOR RESPONSE; CORTICOSTERONE; RECEPTOR; DISEASE; SEX; HIPPOCAMPAL; ACTIVATION; STEROIDS; CULTURES AB Recent reports demonstrate neurotrophic properties of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in men at rest, as well as profound neurotrophic responses to stress in both men and women. Little is known of neuroprotective-neurotrophic effects of DHEAS during stress exposure, either in men or women. This translational study was designed to examine neuroprotective-neurotrophic effects of DHEAS throughout intense stress exposure in healthy men and women. The study took place within a stressful 12-day military survival course. Utilizing a longitudinal cross-sectional repeated measures design, One hundred sixteen healthy active-duty military personnel (80% male) were studied before, during, and 24 h after the course. The dependent variable was the neurotrophin salivary nerve growth factor (sNGF). In terms of total hormone output, the effect of DHEAS on sNGF was mediated by testosterone. Unlike testosterone or cortisol, DHEAS reliably predicted sNGF at each time point, and change in DHEAS predicted change in sNGF across time points. Baseline DHEAS predicted total sNGF output across the stress trajectory. Consistent with preclinical as well as cross-sectional human research, this study demonstrates neuroprotective-neurotrophic effects of DHEAS in healthy men and women exposed to intense stress. Results are evaluated in relation to established criteria for causation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.; Stone, Michael; Rauh, Mitchell J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, Biobehav Sci Lab, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Taylor, Marcus K.; Laurent, Heidemarie K.; Granger, Douglas A.] Arizona State Univ, Inst Interdisciplinary Salivary Biosci Res, Tempe, AZ USA. [Taylor, Marcus K.; Stone, Michael; Rauh, Mitchell J.] San Diego State Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Laurent, Heidemarie K.] Univ Oregon, Dept Psychol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Granger, Douglas A.] Johns Hopkins Sch Nursing, Baltimore, MD USA. [Granger, Douglas A.] Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Marc.Taylor@med.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This study was supported by a Grant from the Office of Naval Research, and the work was performed under work unit number 60124. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (Protocol NHRC.2011.0033). U.S. Government Work (17 USC 105). Not copyrighted in the U.S. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0039-128X EI 1878-5867 J9 STEROIDS JI Steroids PD SEP PY 2014 VL 87 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.05.011 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA AO3GT UT WOS:000341218400009 PM 24887210 ER PT J AU Wu, MJ Erwin, SC Trampert, A AF Wu, Mingjian Erwin, Steven C. Trampert, Achim TI Atomistic structure and energetics of GdN clusters in Gd-doped GaN SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nanoclusters; Interface; Strain; HRTEM; DFT ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS; DISPLACEMENT; SCIENCE; ENERGY AB We present a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and density-functional theory (DFT) study of the structure, formation and energetics of nanoscale clusters of GdN in Gd-doped GaN, a well-known magnetic semiconductor. The atomic configuration of the clusters was determined by comparing displacement maps from high-resolution TEM images to those predicted by atomistic models. We find that the GdN clusters are coherently embedded in the GaN lattice, and have a bilayer platelet shape whose internal crystal structure is slightly distorted rocksalt. The optimum width of the platelet clusters was explored using DFT in conjunction with a Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model for describing the energetics of embedding. The results predict a platelet width that is reasonably consistent with the size obtained from TEM images. The FK results indicate that the observed platelet size is a compromise between the gain in cohesive energy from forming large GdN clusters and the penalty from interfacial strain energy due to lattice mismatch between the GdN cluster and GaN host. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Mingjian; Trampert, Achim] Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Erwin, Steven C.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, MJ (reprint author), Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, Hausvogteipl 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. EM mingjian@pdi-berlin.de; steve.erwin@nrl.navy.mil; trampert@pdi-berlin.de OI Wu, Mingjian/0000-0003-2113-0245 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [TR446/2-1]; Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program (SCE) FX The authors (M.W. and A.T.) acknowledge the financial support from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through contract No. TR446/2-1. This work was also supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program (SCE). Computations were performed at the DoD Major Shared Resource Centers at AFRL and ERDC. The authors also thank Dr. Rocio Ranchal for providing the samples, Dr. Oliver Brandt for helpful discussions and Dr. Stefen Folsch for a critical reading of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 76 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.05.009 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AN1GJ UT WOS:000340330400008 ER PT J AU Dai, C Wang, Q Kalogiros, JA Lenschow, DH Gao, Z Zhou, M AF Dai, C. Wang, Q. Kalogiros, J. A. Lenschow, D. H. Gao, Z. Zhou, M. TI Determining Boundary-Layer Height from Aircraft Measurements SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aircraft measurements; Boundary-layer height; Boundary-layer mean profiles; Turbulence ID MIXING HEIGHT; SIMULTANEOUS SODAR; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; RICHARDSON-NUMBER; MODEL; RADIOSONDE; TURBULENCE; STRATIFICATION; BACKSCATTER; STABILITY AB The height of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is an important variable in both observational studies and model simulations. The most commonly used measurement for obtaining ABL height is a rawinsonde profile. Mesoscale or regional scale models use a bulk Richardson number based on profiles of the forecast variables. Here we evaluate the limitations of several frequently-used approaches for defining ABL height from a single profile, and identify the optimal threshold value for each method if profiles are the only available measurements. Aircraft measurements from five field projects are used, representing a variety of ABL conditions including stable, convective, and cloud-topped boundary layers over different underlying surfaces. ABL heights detected from these methods were validated against the 'true' value determined from aircraft soundings, where ABL height is defined as the top of the layer with significant turbulence. A detection rate was defined to denote how often the ABL height was correctly diagnosed with a particular method. The results suggest that the temperature gradient method provides the most reasonable estimates, although the detection rate and suitable detection criteria vary for different types of ABL. The Richardson number method, on the other hand, is in most cases inadequate or inferior to the other methods that were tried. The optimal range of the detection criteria is given for all ABL types examined in this study. C1 [Dai, C.; Gao, Z.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Q.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Kalogiros, J. A.] Natl Observ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Lenschow, D. H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Zhou, M.] Polar Res Inst China, Key Lab Polar Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM qwang@nps.edu RI Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; OI Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [0736072]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N0001414WX20352]; China Meteorological Administration [GYHY201006024]; Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program [XDA05110104]; NSF; National Science Foundation FX Most of this work has been done during the first author's visit to Naval Postgraduate School, which was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. 0736072 and by Office of Naval Research (ONR) Grant No. N0001414WX20352. This study was also partly supported by China Meteorological Administration Grant No. GYHY201006024, Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program under Grant No. XDA05110104. The aircraft data provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of NSF (http://data.eol.ucar.edu) are gratefully acknowledged. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The authors appreciate the contributions of the anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions led to substantial improvements. The first author is grateful to Dr. Robert Bornstein for his interest and encouragement. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 152 IS 3 BP 277 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s10546-014-9929-z PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN2JI UT WOS:000340410600002 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Plessas, SD AF Kwon, Y. W. Plessas, S. D. TI Numerical modal analysis of composite structures coupled with water SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Fluid-Structure Interaction; Modal analysis; Multiphysics analysis ID FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; FINITE-ELEMENT; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; SLOSH DYNAMICS AB Dynamic characteristics of polymer composite beam and plate structures were studied when the structures were coupled with water. The effect of Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) on natural frequencies, mode shapes, and dynamic responses was examined for polymer composite structures using multiphysics-based computational techniques. Composite structures were modeled using the Finite Element Method. The fluid was modeled as an acoustic medium using the Cellular Automata and finite element techniques. Those techniques were coupled so that both fluid and structure could interact bi-directionally. In order to make the coupling easier, the beam and plate finite elements have only displacement degrees of freedom but no rotational degrees of freedom. Then, the numerical modal analysis technique was applied to the composite structures with and without FSI, respectively, so that the effect of FSI can be examined by comparing the two results. The study showed that the effect of FSI is significant on dynamic properties of polymer composite structures. Some previous experimental observations were confirmed using the numerical modal analysis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kwon, Y. W.; Plessas, S. D.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ywkwon@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) Solid Mechanics Program FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Solid Mechanics Program. The program manager is Dr. Yapa D.S. Rajapakse. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD SEP-OCT PY 2014 VL 116 BP 325 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.05.032 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA AN0UZ UT WOS:000340300800028 ER PT J AU Alves, F Smith, C Karunasiri, G AF Alves, Fabio Smith, Craig Karunasiri, Gamani TI A solid-state spark chamber for detection of ionizing radiation SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE Ionizing radiation detection; Silicon-controlled switch; p-n-p-n structures AB In this article we report on an ionizing radiation detector based on a silicon controlled switch (SCS). An SCS connected to an RC load was exposed to ionizing radiation resulting in the generation of a large voltage pulse for each ionization event. Alpha particles from an Am-241 source were detected with near 100% efficiency. Beta particles from a Cs-137 source were detected using a PIN diode to increase the interaction volume. The results indicate the potential for SCS detection of ionizing radiation without the use of the additional signal processing electronics employed in conventional solid-state detectors. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Alves, Fabio; Smith, Craig; Karunasiri, Gamani] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Alves, F (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM fdalves@nps.edu FU National MASINT Office's National Consortium for MASINT Research FY12 University Research program FX This work was funded by the National MASINT Office's National Consortium for MASINT Research FY12 University Research program. Authors would like to thank Mark Bandstra, Karl van Bibber and Kai Vetter at UC Berkeley, Sarath Menon and Ryan Greve at NPS for their help in providing access to various ionizing radiation sources. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 216 BP 102 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2014.05.015 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AM6YU UT WOS:000340012700013 ER PT J AU Cowart, J Raynes, M Hamilton, L Prak, DL Mehl, M Pitz, W AF Cowart, Jim Raynes, Michael Hamilton, Len Prak, Dianne Luning Mehl, Marco Pitz, William TI An Experimental and Modeling Study Into Using Normal and Isocetane Fuel Blends as a Surrogate for a Hydroprocessed Renewable Diesel Fuel SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; SURFACE-TENSION; N-HEXADECANE; KEROSENE; DENSITY; MIXTURE; PREDICTION; BIODIESEL AB A new hydroprocessed renewable diesel (HRD) fuel comprised both straight chain and branched alkane fuel components. In an effort to find a research surrogate for this fuel, single cylinder engine testing was performed with various blends of n-hexadecane (cetane) and isocetane in order to find a binary surrogate mixture with similar performance characteristics to that of the HRD. A blend of approximately two-thirds n-hexadecane with one-third isocetane showed the most similar behavior based on conventional combustion metrics. Companion combustion modeling was then pursued using a combined detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for both n-hexadecane and isocetane. These modeling results show both the importance of isocetane in lengthening ignition delay (IGD), as well as the overall importance of chemical ignition delay as the dominating effect in the overall ignition delay of these binary blend fuels. C1 [Cowart, Jim; Raynes, Michael; Hamilton, Len; Prak, Dianne Luning] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Mehl, Marco; Pitz, William] LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cowart, J (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Mehl, Marco/A-8506-2009 OI Mehl, Marco/0000-0002-2227-5035 FU Office of Naval Research; U.S. Department of Energy by LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Sharon Beerman-Curtain and the Office of Naval Research for their support of this work. The LLNL portion of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by LLNL under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2014 VL 136 IS 3 AR 032202 DI 10.1115/1.4027408 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA AN0RW UT WOS:000340292700008 ER PT J AU Dicker, SR Ade, PAR Aguirre, J Brevik, JA Cho, HM Datta, R Devlin, MJ Dober, B Egan, D Ford, J Ford, P Hilton, G Irwin, KD Mason, BS Marganian, P Mello, M McMahon, JJ Mroczkowski, T Rosenman, M Tucker, C Vale, L White, S Whitehead, M Young, AH AF Dicker, S. R. Ade, P. A. R. Aguirre, J. Brevik, J. A. Cho, H. M. Datta, R. Devlin, M. J. Dober, B. Egan, D. Ford, J. Ford, P. Hilton, G. Irwin, K. D. Mason, B. S. Marganian, P. Mello, M. McMahon, J. J. Mroczkowski, T. Rosenman, M. Tucker, C. Vale, L. White, S. Whitehead, M. Young, A. H. TI MUSTANG 2: A Large Focal Plane Array for the 100 m Green Bank Telescope SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE TES bolometers; Focal plane arrays; 90 GHz; Green Bank Telescope; Frequency domain readout AB This paper describes MUSTANG 2, a 338 element focal plane array that is being built for the Green Bank Telescope. Each element consists of a profiled feedhorn coupled to two transition edge sensor bolometers, one for each polarization. Initial deployment will be with 32 detectors, but once fully populated, MUSTANG 2 will be capable of mapping a area to Jy in 1 h with good image fidelity on angular scales from to . As well as an instrument overview, the choice of bandpass and the design of the feeds, detectors and readout are given. C1 [Dicker, S. R.; Aguirre, J.; Devlin, M. J.; Dober, B.; Rosenman, M.; Young, A. H.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Brevik, J. A.; Cho, H. M.; Hilton, G.; Irwin, K. D.; Vale, L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Datta, R.; McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Egan, D.; Ford, J.; Ford, P.; Marganian, P.; Mello, M.; White, S.; Whitehead, M.] NRAO, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. [Mason, B. S.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Mroczkowski, T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dicker, SR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM sdicker@hep.upenn.edu OI Mroczkowski, Tony/0000-0003-3816-5372 FU NSF; NIST; NASA; UK STFC FX We would like to thank all those in the machine shops at the University of Pennsylvania, Green Bank, and Precision Cryogenics who turned our designs into real parts. Many others at Green Bank have offered us advice and helped out with construction and testing. Funding for this project has been provided by the NSF with additional support from NIST and NASA. Filter development was funded by the UK STFC. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 176 IS 5-6 BP 808 EP 814 DI 10.1007/s10909-013-1070-8 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AM5DE UT WOS:000339875400028 ER PT J AU Lundin, JG Giles, SL Cozzens, RF Wynne, JH AF Lundin, Jeffrey G. Giles, Spencer L. Cozzens, Robert F. Wynne, James H. TI Self-Cleaning Photocatalytic Polyurethane Coatings Containing Modified C-60 Fullerene Additives SO COATINGS LA English DT Article DE self-decontamination; fullerene; simulant; CWA; self-cleaning AB Surfaces are often coated with paint for improved aesthetics and protection; however, additional functionalities that impart continuous self-decontaminating and self-cleaning properties would be extremely advantageous. In this report, photochemical additives based on C-60 fullerene were incorporated into polyurethane coatings to investigate their coating compatibility and ability to impart chemical decontaminating capability to the coating surface. C-60 exhibits unique photophysical properties, including the capability to generate singlet oxygen upon exposure to visible light; however, C-60 fullerene exhibits poor solubility in solvents commonly employed in coating applications. A modified C-60 containing a hydrophilic moiety was synthesized to improve polyurethane compatibility and facilitate segregation to the polymer-air interface. Bulk properties of the polyurethane films were analyzed to investigate additive-coating compatibility. Coatings containing photoactive additives were subjected to self-decontamination challenges against representative chemical contaminants and the effects of additive loading concentration, light exposure, and time on chemical decontamination are reported. Covalent attachment of an ethylene glycol tail to C-60 improved its solubility and dispersion in a hydrophobic polyurethane matrix. Decomposition products resulting from oxidation were observed in addition to a direct correlation between additive loading concentration and decomposition of surface-residing contaminants. The degradation pathways deduced from contaminant challenge byproduct analyses are detailed. C1 [Lundin, Jeffrey G.; Giles, Spencer L.; Cozzens, Robert F.; Wynne, James H.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wynne, JH (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeffrey.lundin@nrl.navy.mil; spencer.giles@nrl.navy.mil; robert.cozzens@nrl.navy.mil; james.wynne@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2079-6412 J9 COATINGS JI Coatings PD SEP PY 2014 VL 4 IS 3 BP 614 EP 629 DI 10.3390/coatings4030614 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA V44FA UT WOS:000209733700013 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, Carl E. TI Lifting a cup of water with an immersion blender SO PHYSICS TEACHER LA English DT Letter C1 [Mungan, Carl E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mungan@usna.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN PHYSICS TEACHERS PI COLLEGE PK PA 5110 ROANOKE PLACE SUITE 101, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740 USA SN 0031-921X J9 PHYS TEACH JI Phys. Teach. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 52 IS 6 BP 327 EP 327 DI 10.1119/1.4893081 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CX5YA UT WOS:000365777200003 ER PT J AU Farhat, A Jolly, M Lunasin, E AF Farhat, Aseel Jolly, Michael Lunasin, Evelyn TI BOUNDS ON ENERGY AND ENSTROPHY FOR THE 3D NAVIER-STOKES-alpha AND LERAY-alpha MODELS SO COMMUNICATIONS ON PURE AND APPLIED ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Global attractor; NS-alpha turbulence model; Leray-alpha turbulence model; energy; enstrophy ID TURBULENT FLOWS; EQUATIONS; CASCADE; FLUID AB We construct semi-integral curves which bound the projections of the global attractors of the 3D NS-alpha and 3D Leray-alpha sub-grid scale turbulence models in the plane spanned by their energy and enstrophy. We note the dependence of these bounds on the filter width parameter alpha, and determine subregions where each quantity, energy and enstrophy, must decrease, while isolating one which is recurrent. C1 [Farhat, Aseel; Jolly, Michael] Indiana Univ, Dept Math, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Lunasin, Evelyn] US Naval Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Farhat, A (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Math, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM afarhat@indiana.edu; msjolly@indiana.edu; lunasin@usna.edu FU NSF [DSM-1109638] FX This work was supported in part by NSF grant DSM-1109638. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1534-0392 EI 1553-5258 J9 COMMUN PUR APPL ANAL JI Commun. Pure Appl. Anal PD SEP PY 2014 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2127 EP 2140 DI 10.3934/cpaa.2014.13.2127 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA AL8NR UT WOS:000339396500021 ER PT J AU Zodiatis, G Galanis, G Nikolaidis, A Kalogeri, C Hayes, D Georgiou, GC Chu, PC Kallos, G AF Zodiatis, George Galanis, George Nikolaidis, Andreas Kalogeri, Christina Hayes, Dan Georgiou, Georgios C. Chu, Peter C. Kallos, George TI Wave energy potential in the Eastern Mediterranean Levantine Basin. An integrated 10-year study SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Wave energy; Numerical atmospheric; Wave modeling ID KALMAN FILTERS; ALTIMETER DATA; DESERT DUST; PREDICTION; MODELS; WIND; HINDCAST; COAST; SEA; ASSIMILATION AB The main characteristics of wave energy potential over Eastern Mediterranean Levantine Basin, an area of increased interest for energy resources exploration/exploitation, is presented in this work. In particular, an integrated hindcasting platform consisting of state-of-the-art wind-wave numerical models at a very high resolution mode is utilized to produce a 10-year database for the wave energy potential in the Levantine Basin and the environmental parameters that affect it. The numerical results are analyzed by means of a variety of statistical measures focusing, apart from the conventional statistical information, on the potential impact of extreme values and the probability distribution functions that optimally describe the spatial and temporal distribution of the wave power potential over the Eastern Mediterranean sea area. The regions with increased values of wave energy potential are mainly the western and southern coastlines of Cyprus island, the sea area of Lebanon and Israel, as well as the coastline of Egypt especially around Alexandria. Over these areas, relatively low but also stable, and hence exploitable, wave energy potential is revealed. However, non-trivial impact of infrequent values is also recorded. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zodiatis, George; Galanis, George; Nikolaidis, Andreas; Hayes, Dan; Georgiou, Georgios C.] Univ Cyprus, Oceanog Ctr, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Galanis, George] Hellen Naval Acad, Sect Math, Hatzikiriakion 18539, Piraeus, Greece. [Kalogeri, Christina; Kallos, George] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Atmospher Modeling & Weather Forecasting Grp, Athens 15784, Greece. [Chu, Peter C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Galanis, G (reprint author), Hellen Naval Acad, Sect Math, Hatzikiriakion 18539, Piraeus, Greece. EM ggalanis@mg.uoa.gr OI Hayes, Daniel/0000-0003-0141-9973; Kalogeri, Christina/0000-0002-9187-0292 FU E-WAVE project - Research Promotion Foundation of the Republic of Cyprus [TEXNOLambdaOGammaIA/ENEPGamma/0609(BIE)/01]; European Regional Development Fund FX The present work was supported by the E-WAVE project (Project Protocol Number TEXNO Lambda O Gamma IA/ENEP Gamma/0609(BIE)/01) funded by the Research Promotion Foundation of the Republic of Cyprus and the European Regional Development Fund. NR 74 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD SEP PY 2014 VL 69 BP 311 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.renene.2014.03.051 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA AL0FI UT WOS:000338802400035 ER PT J AU Berg, J Wakefield, M AF Berg, James Wakefield, Max TI Skeleton simplicial evaluation codes SO DESIGNS CODES AND CRYPTOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Subspace arrangements; Linear error-correcting codes; Stanley-Reisner rings; Simplicial complexes ID COMPLETE-INTERSECTIONS; SUBSPACE ARRANGEMENTS; DISTANCE AB For a subspace arrangement over a finite field we study the evaluation code defined on the arrangements set of points. The length of this code is given by the subspace arrangements characteristic polynomial. For coordinate subspace arrangements the dimension is bounded below by the face vector of the corresponding simplicial complex. The minimum distance is determined for coordinate subspace arrangements where the simplicial complex is a skeleton. A few examples are presented with high minimum distance and dimension. C1 [Berg, James; Wakefield, Max] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wakefield, M (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM m110588@usna.edu; wakefiel@usna.edu FU Naval Academy; Office of Naval Research FX The authors are thankful to the Naval Academy and the Office of Naval Research for support through the Trident Scholar program. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for many excellent comments and suggestions that added depth and interest. The authors would also like to especially thank reviewer 2 for very efficiently streamlining the presentations and arguments of Lemma's 2.5 and 2.6 and finding a gap in an earlier version of the proof of Theorem 1.12. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-1022 EI 1573-7586 J9 DESIGN CODE CRYPTOGR JI Designs Codes Cryptogr. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 72 IS 3 BP 609 EP 625 DI 10.1007/s10623-012-9793-0 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA AK0PU UT WOS:000338117600010 ER PT J AU Huang, L Massa, L Matta, CF AF Huang, Lulu Massa, Lou Matta, Cherif F. TI A graphene flake under external electric fields reconstructed from field-perturbed kernels SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-MECHANICAL CALCULATION; LARGE MOLECULES; ENERGY METHOD; CONQUER APPROACH; ACTIVE-SITE; FRACTIONATION; INCREMENTS; DENSITY; PROTEIN; METALS AB The energy, dipole moment, and polarizability of a finite hydrogen terminated zigzag graphene flake (C46H2O, in 2 x 7 rings) are calculated in the absence of and in the presence of external electric fields reaching 5 x 10(9) Vm(-1) [=0.01 atomic units (a.u.)]. The field intensities studied are typically found in nanoelectronics and in the tip-sample gap of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The change in the total energy Delta E(eV) can be closely fitted to a quadratic function of the field {1.549 x 10(4) [E (a.u.)](2)} while the dipole moment mu(debye) to a linear function [2.7 x E (a.u.)]. The results obtained with three different chemical models [MP2, density functional theory (B3LYP), and Hartree-Fock calculations, all with a 6-311G(2d,2p) basis set] are consistent in both trends and in absolute values. These results obtained from direct calculations are reproduced with a remarkable accuracy from a linear scaling fragmentation scheme called the kernel energy method (KEM). The KEM reproduces all studied field-free and response properties of this graphene flake model, in relative and absolute terms, independently of the underlying chemical model. An observation consistent with the known stiffness of graphene is that geometry optimization under a field as strong as 0.01 a.u. insignificantly alters the total energy and the geometry of a (smaller) zigzag C28H14 flake, the difference in the field-induced stabilization energy (Delta Delta E) being only 0.006 eV (less than 1% of Delta E) and the average field-induced displacement of nuclear positions similar to 0.0046 angstrom [B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)]. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Lulu] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Massa, Lou] CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Massa, Lou] CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Matta, Cherif F.] Mt St Vincent Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada. [Matta, Cherif F.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS B3H 4J3, Canada. [Matta, Cherif F.] St Marys Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. RP Matta, CF (reprint author), Mt St Vincent Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada. EM cherif.matta@msvu.ca FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [47203-00 01]; PSC CUNY Award [63842-00 41]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); Mount Saint Vincent University FX The authors are grateful to Professors Andre D. Bandrauk (Universite de Sherbrooke), Jonathan Tennyson (University College London), and Paul W. Ayers (McMaster University); Drs. Todd Keith (Semi Chem, Inc.) and Carla Figueira de Morisson Faria (University College London); and Mr. Shahin Sowlati-Hashjin (M.Sc. Candidate, Saint Mary's University) for useful discussions. One of us, C.F.M., would also like to thank Prof. Tennyson and Dr. Figueira de Morisson Faria for their hospitality during his academic stay at University College London in 2013. Funding for this project was provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program - (L.H.); the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (project # 47203-00 01) and by a PSC CUNY Award (project # 63842-00 41) - (L.M.); the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), and Mount Saint Vincent University - (C.F.M.) NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD SEP PY 2014 VL 76 BP 310 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.04.082 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AJ8VF UT WOS:000337985300036 ER PT J AU Johnson, BJ Malanoski, AP Leska, IA Melde, BJ Taft, JR Dinderman, MA Deschamps, JR AF Johnson, Brandy J. Malanoski, Anthony P. Leska, Iwona A. Melde, Brian J. Taft, Jenna R. Dinderman, Michael A. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. TI Adsorption of organophosphates from solution by porous organosilicates: Capillary phase-separation SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Periodic mesoporous organosilica; Hierarchical material; Capillary phase separation; Binding isotherm; Pore condensation ID PERIODIC MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS; NANOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS; POTENTIAL-THEORY; SIEVES; WATER; POLYSILSESQUIOXANES; INSECTICIDES; SOLUBILITY; COPOLYMERS; PARAMETERS AB The adsorption characteristics for paraoxon, diazinon, and structurally related compounds by hierarchical diethylbenzene-bridged organosilicate sorbents are reported here. Adsorption behavior was found to deviate from the expected Langmuir-Freundlich binding isotherm. Instead, capillary phase-separation within the pores of the sorbent structure occurred when presented with these targets in aqueous solution. This behavior has not been widely reported, but it is similar to the pore condensation observed in gas adsorption studies. The behavior is a result of the pore sizes, the availability of interaction sites on the pore walls, and the miscibility of the targets (solutes) with water (solvent). Adsorption of targets from aqueous solution was observed to follow a hybrid Freundlich-BET binding isotherm. Adsorption of the targets from octanol solutions was observed to follow the Langmuir-Freundlich binding isotherm as was adsorption of more soluble targets such as p-nitrophenol. With the increasing numbers of applications described for mesoporous materials, this phenomenon will likely be more frequently encountered. The range of conditions utilized in characterization of sorbents should be considered carefully. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Johnson, Brandy J.; Malanoski, Anthony P.; Melde, Brian J.; Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Leska, Iwona A.; Taft, Jenna R.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Dinderman, Michael A.] NRL, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Johnson, BJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM brandy.white@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory [WU 9660]; U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Chemical & Biological Technologies Directorate (DTRA-CB) Physical Science & Technology Division [BA08PRO015] FX We applied the SDC approach ("sequence-determines-credit") for determining the sequence of authors [44]. This research was sponsored by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (WU# 9660) and the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Chemical & Biological Technologies Directorate (DTRA-CB) Physical Science & Technology Division unde ot participate in study design, execution, or the generation of this report. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent those of the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 EI 1873-3093 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD SEP 1 PY 2014 VL 195 BP 154 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.04.031 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AJ6AA UT WOS:000337770900019 ER PT J AU Neta, B Chun, C AF Neta, Beny Chun, Changbum TI Basins of attraction for several optimal fourth order methods for multiple roots SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE Iterative methods; Order of convergence; Rational maps; Basin of attraction; Julia sets; Conjugacy classes ID NONLINEAR EQUATIONS; ITERATIVE METHODS; ORDER; FAMILY; DYNAMICS AB There are very few optimal fourth order methods for solving nonlinear algebraic equations having roots of multiplicity m. Here we compare five such methods, two of which require the evaluation of the (m - 1)st root. The methods are usually compared by evaluating the computational efficiency and the efficiency index. In this paper all the methods have the same efficiency, since they are of the same order and use the same information. Frequently, comparisons of the various schemes are based on the number of iterations required for convergence, number of function evaluations, and/or amount of CPU time. If a particular algorithm does not converge or if it converges to a different solution, then that particular algorithm is thought to be inferior to the others. The primary flaw in this type of comparison is that the starting point represents only one of an infinite number of other choices. Here we use the basin of attraction idea to recommend the best fourth order method. The basin of attraction is a method to visually comprehend how an algorithm behaves as a function of the various starting points. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of IMACS. C1 [Neta, Beny] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Chun, Changbum] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Math, Suwon 440746, South Korea. RP Neta, B (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bneta@nps.edu; cbchun@skku.edu FU Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2013R1A1A2005012] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Melvin Scott for his comments. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2013R1A1A2005012). NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 EI 1872-7166 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD SEP PY 2014 VL 103 BP 39 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.matcom.2014.03.007 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA AJ6AH UT WOS:000337771600004 ER PT J AU Mahmoudian, A Scales, WA Bernhardt, PA Isham, B Kendall, E Briczinski, SJ Fuentes, NEB Vega-Cancel, O AF Mahmoudian, A. Scales, W. A. Bernhardt, P. A. Isham, B. Kendall, E. Briczinski, S. J. Fuentes, N. E. B. Vega-Cancel, O. TI Electron gyroharmonic effects on ionospheric stimulated Brillouin scatter SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE stimulated electromagnetic emissions ID ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION; HEATING EXPERIMENTS; RADIATION AB Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and resonant phenomena are well known in the context of laser fusion, fiber optics, and piezoelectric semiconductor plasmas, as well as in various biological applications. Due to recent advances, active space experiments using high-power high-frequency (HF) radio waves may now produce stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in the ionospheric plasma. The sensitivity of the narrowband SBS emission lines to pump frequency stepping across electron gyroharmonics is reported here for the first time. Experimental observations show that SBS emission sidebands are suppressed as the HF pump frequency is stepped across the second and third electron gyroharmonics. A correlation of artificially enhanced airglow and SBS emission lines excited at the upper hybrid altitude is observed and studied for second gyroharmonic heating. The SBS behavior near electron gyroharmonics is shown to have important diagnostic applications for multilayered, multi-ion component plasmas such as the ionosphere. C1 [Mahmoudian, A.; Scales, W. A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bernhardt, P. A.; Briczinski, S. J.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC USA. [Isham, B.; Fuentes, N. E. B.; Vega-Cancel, O.] Inter Amer Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San German, PR USA. [Kendall, E.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mahmoudian, A (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM alirezam@vt.edu FU NSF; NRL 6.1 Base Program; ARO [W911NF-11-0217, W911NF-10-1-0002] FX The work at Virginia Tech was supported in part by NSF. The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was sponsored by the NRL 6.1 Base Program. B. I. and O.V.-C. were supported by ARO grants W911NF-11-0217 and W911NF-10-1-0002. The data were obtained by SEE receivers provided by Virginia Tech. For more information please contact A. Mahmoudian (alirezam@vt.edu). NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 16 BP 5710 EP 5716 DI 10.1002/2014GL061050 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ4HT UT WOS:000342755400003 ER PT J AU Jagannadham, K Verghese, K Butler, JE AF Jagannadham, K. Verghese, K. Butler, J. E. TI Thermal conductivity changes upon neutron transmutation of B-10 doped diamond SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-DEPOSITED DIAMOND; IRRADIATED DIAMOND; KAPITZA CONDUCTANCE; FILMS; ABSORPTION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SCATTERING; SILICON AB B-10 doped p-type diamond samples were subjected to neutron transmutation reaction using thermal neutron flux of 0.9 x 10(13) cm(-2) s(-1) and fast neutron flux of 0.09 x 10(13) cm(-2) s(-1). Another sample of epilayer grown on type IIa (110) single crystal diamond substrate was subjected to equal thermal and fast neutron flux of 10(14) cm(-2) s(-1). The defects in the diamond samples were previously characterized by different methods. In the present work, thermal conductivity of these diamond samples was determined at room temperature by transient thermoreflectance method. The thermal conductivity change in the samples as a function of neutron fluence is explained by the phonon scattering from the point defects and disordered regions. The thermal conductivity of the diamond samples decreased more rapidly initially and less rapidly for larger neutron fluence. In addition, the thermal conductivity in type IIb diamond decreased less rapidly with thermal neutron fluence compared to the decrease in type IIa diamond subjected to fast neutron fluence. It is concluded that the rate of production of defects during transmutation reaction is slower when thermal neutrons are used. The thermal conductivity of epilayer of diamond subjected to high thermal and fast neutron fluence is associated with the covalent carbon network in the composite structure consisting of disordered carbon and sp(2) bonded nanocrystalline regions. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Jagannadham, K.; Verghese, K.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Butler, J. E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jagannadham, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jag_kasichainula@ncsu.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 8 AR 083706 DI 10.1063/1.4892888 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AQ5CP UT WOS:000342821600033 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Wong-Ng, W Huang, Q Tang, W Thompson, A Sharp, J AF Mansour, A. N. Wong-Ng, W. Huang, Q. Tang, W. Thompson, A. Sharp, J. TI Structural characterization of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 as a function of temperature using neutron powder diffraction and extended X-ray absorption fine structure techniques SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; BISMUTH TELLURIDE; STRUCTURE SPECTRA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; OPTIMIZATION; AMPLITUDE; IFEFFIT; ALLOYS; MERIT; FILMS AB The structure of Bi2Te3 (Seebeck coefficient Standard Reference Material (SRM (TM) 3451)) and the related phase Sb2Te3 have been characterized as a function of temperature using the neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) techniques. The neutron structural studies were carried out from 20K to 300K for Bi2Te3 and from 10K to 298K for Sb2Te3. The EXAFS technique for studying the local structure of the two compounds was conducted from 19K to 298 K. Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 are isostructural, with a space group of R (3) over barm. The structure consists of repeated quintuple layers of atoms, Te2-M-Te1-M-Te2 (where M = Bi or Sb) stacking along the c-axis of the unit cell. EXAFS was used to examine the bond distances and static and thermal disorders for the first three shells of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 as a function of temperature. The temperature dependencies of thermal disorders were analyzed using the Debye and Einstein models for lattice vibrations. The Debye and Einstein temperatures for the first two shells of Bi2Te3 are similar to those of Sb2Te3 within the uncertainty in the data. However, the Debye and Einstein temperatures for the third shell of Bi-Bi are significantly lower than those of the third shell of Sb-Sb. The Einstein temperature for the third shell is consistent with a soft phonon mode in both Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3. The lower Einstein temperature of Bi-Bi relative to Sb-Sb is consistent with the lower value of thermal conductivity of Bi2Te3 relative to Sb2Te3. C1 [Mansour, A. N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tang, W.] Zhejiang Sci Tech Univ, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Thompson, A.; Sharp, J.] Marlow Ind Inc, Marlow, TX 75238 USA. RP Mansour, AN (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. FU Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program under ONR's Program Element [0601152N]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX A.N.M. acknowledges financial support by the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program administered under ONR's Program Element 0601152N. The XAS experiments were conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 44 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 8 AR 083513 DI 10.1063/1.4892441 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AQ5CP UT WOS:000342821600022 ER PT J AU Wu, CT Valls, OT Halterman, K AF Wu, Chien-Te Valls, Oriol T. Halterman, Klaus TI Tunneling conductance and spin transport in clean ferromagnet/ferromagnet/superconductor heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR-FERROMAGNET STRUCTURES; ODD TRIPLET SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ANDREEV REFLECTION; FERROMAGNET/SUPERCONDUCTOR JUNCTIONS; SUPERCURRENTS; POLARIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION AB We present a transfer matrix approach that combines the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk formalism and self-consistent solutions to the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations and use it to study the tunneling conductance and spin transport in ferromagnet (F)-superconductor (S) trilayers (F1F2S) as functions of bias voltage. The self-consistency ensures that the spin and charge conservation laws are properly satisfied. We consider forward and angularly averaged conductances over a broad range of the strength of the exchange fields and F thicknesses, as the relative in-plane magnetization angle, phi, between the two ferromagnets varies. The f dependence of the self-consistent conductance curves in the trilayers can differ substantially from that obtained via a non-self-consistent approach. The zero-bias forward conductance peak exhibits, as phi varies, resonance effects intricately associated with particular combinations of the geometrical and material parameters. We find, when the magnetizations are noncollinear, signatures of the anomalous Andreev reflections in the subgap regions of the angularly averaged conductances. When F-1 is half metallic, the angularly averaged subgap conductance chiefly arises from anomalous Andreev reflection. The in-plane components of the spin current are strongly bias dependent, while the out-of-plane spin current component is only weakly dependent upon voltage. The components of the spin current aligned with the local exchange field of one of the F layers are conserved in that layer and in the S region, while they oscillate in the other layer. We compute the spin transfer torques, in connection with the oscillatory behavior of spin currents, and verify that the spin continuity equation is strictly obeyed in our method. C1 [Wu, Chien-Te; Valls, Oriol T.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Halterman, Klaus] US Navy, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Wu, CT (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM wu@physics.umn.edu; otvalls@umn.edu; klaus.halterman@navy.mil OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 FU IARPA [N66001-12-1-2023]; University of Minnesota; ONR FX Portions of this work were supported by IARPA Grant No. N66001-12-1-2023. C. T. W. thanks the University of Minnesota for a Dissertation Fellowship. The authors thank I. Krivorotov (Irvine) for helpful discussions. K. H. is supported in part by ONR and by a grant of supercomputer resources provided by the DOD HPCMP. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 28 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 5 AR 054523 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.054523 PG 18 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AO3WB UT WOS:000341266400004 ER PT J AU Yu, KG Rizos, C Burrage, D Dempster, AG Zhang, KF Markgraf, M AF Yu, Kegen Rizos, Chris Burrage, Derek Dempster, Andrew G. Zhang, Kefei Markgraf, Markus TI An overview of GNSS remote sensing SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Review ID GPS RADIO OCCULTATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; WATER-VAPOR TOMOGRAPHY; SURFACE WIND-SPEED; SEA-SURFACE; REFLECTED SIGNALS; OCEAN ALTIMETRY; AUSTRALIAN REGION; SYSTEM; DELAY AB The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals are always available, globally, and the signal structures are well known, except for those dedicated to military use. They also have some distinctive characteristics, including the use of L-band frequencies, which are particularly suited for remote sensing purposes. The idea of using GNSS signals for remote sensing - the atmosphere, oceans or Earth surface - was first proposed more than two decades ago. Since then, GNSS remote sensing has been intensively investigated in terms of proof of concept studies, signal processing methodologies, theory and algorithm development, and various satellite-borne, airborne and ground-based experiments. It has been demonstrated that GNSS remote sensing can be used as an alternative passive remote sensing technology. Space agencies such as NASA, NOAA, EUMETSAT and ESA have already funded, or will fund in the future, a number of projects/missions which focus on a variety of GNSS remote sensing applications. It is envisaged that GNSS remote sensing can be either exploited to perform remote sensing tasks on an independent basis or combined with other techniques to address more complex applications. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art of this relatively new and, in some respects, underutilised remote sensing technique. Also addressed are relevant challenging issues associated with GNSS remote sensing services and the performance enhancement of GNSS remote sensing to accurately and reliably retrieve a range of geophysical parameters. C1 [Yu, Kegen] Wuhan Univ, Sch Geodesy & Geomat, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Rizos, Chris] UNSW, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Burrage, Derek] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Dempster, Andrew G.] UNSW, Australian Ctr Space Engn Res, Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Zhang, Kefei] RMIT Univ, Space Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Markgraf, Markus] German Space Operat Ctr DLR, Sect Space Flight Technol, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. RP Yu, KG (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Sch Geodesy & Geomat, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. EM kgyu@sgg.whu.edu.cn NR 88 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1687-6180 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PD AUG 27 PY 2014 AR 134 DI 10.1186/1687-6180-2014-134 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AP1KX UT WOS:000341829900001 ER PT J AU Vo, TT Parrish, DA Shreeve, JM AF Vo, Thao T. Parrish, Damon A. Shreeve, Jean'ne M. TI Tetranitroacetimidic Acid: A High Oxygen Oxidizer and Potential Replacement for Ammonium Perchlorate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID 1,1-DIAMINO-2,2-DINITROETHENE FOX-7; HYDRAZINIUM NITROFORMATE; NITRATION; SALTS; REACTIVITY AB Considerable work has been focused on developing replacements for ammonium perchlorate (AP), a primary choice for solid rocket and missile propellants, due to environmental concerns resulting from the release of perchlorate into groundwater systems, which has been linked to thyroid cancer. Additionally, the generation of hydrochloric acid contributes to high concentrations of acid rain and to ozone layer depletion. En route to synthesizing salts that contain cationic FOX-7, a novel, high oxygen-containing oxidizer, tetranitroacetimidic acid (TNAA), has been synthesized and fully characterized. The properties of TNAA were found to be exceptional, with a calculated specific impulse exceeding that of AP, leading to its high potential as a replacement for AP. TNAA can be synthesized easily in a one-step process by the nitration of FOX-7 in high yield (>93%). The synthesis, properties, and chemical reactivity of TNAA have been examined. C1 [Vo, Thao T.; Shreeve, Jean'ne M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0536, N00014-11-AF-0-0002]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA 1-11-1-0034] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Office of Naval Research (N00014-12-1-0536 and N00014-11-AF-0-0002) and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA 1-11-1-0034). We are indebted to Mr. Scott Economu and Dr. Brendan Twamley for considerable assistance with crystal structuring. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 27 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 34 BP 11934 EP 11937 DI 10.1021/ja5074036 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AO0IX UT WOS:000340993400021 PM 25105731 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Anson, CD Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Balewski, J Banerjee, A Barnovska, Z Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Borowski, W Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Brovko, SG Bultmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chwastowski, J Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Cui, X Das, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Dhamija, S di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Ding, F Djawotho, P Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Engle, KS Eppley, G Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Fedorisin, J Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Gliske, S Grosnick, D Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Haag, B Hajkova, O Hamed, A Han, LX Haque, R Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, HZ Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kesich, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lima, LM Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Don, DMMDM Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D McShane, TS Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Oliveira, RAN Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peryt, W Peterson, A Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Przybycien, M Pujahari, PR Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Riley, CK Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Ross, JF Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandacz, A Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Solanki, D Sorensen, P Desouza, UG Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Sumbera, M Sun, X Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Turnau, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Vossen, A Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yan, W Yang, C Yang, Y Yang, Y Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Zawisza, Y Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anson, C. D. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Banerjee, A. Barnovska, Z. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Brovko, S. G. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chwastowski, J. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Cui, X. Das, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Dhamija, S. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Ding, F. Djawotho, P. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Engle, K. S. Eppley, G. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Fedorisin, J. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Gliske, S. Grosnick, D. Guo, Y. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hajkova, O. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kesich, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lima, L. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Oliveira, R. A. N. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Peterson, A. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Przybycien, M. Pujahari, P. R. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Riley, C. K. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ross, J. F. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandacz, A. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. deSouza, U. G. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Turnau, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Vossen, A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yan, W. Yang, C. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Zawisza, Y. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. TI Beam Energy Dependence of Moments of the Net-Charge Multiplicity Distributions in Au plus Au Collisions at RHIC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STAR; POINT; QCD AB We report the first measurements of the moments-mean (M), variance (sigma(2)), skewness (S), and kurtosis (kappa)-of the net-charge multiplicity distributions at midrapidity in Au + Au collisions at seven energies, ranging from root s(NN) = 7.7 to 200 GeV, as a part of the Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC. The moments are related to the thermodynamic susceptibilities of net charge, and are sensitive to the location of the QCD critical point. We compare the products of the moments, sigma(2)/M, S sigma, and kappa sigma(2), with the expectations from Poisson and negative binomial distributions (NBDs). The S sigma values deviate from the Poisson baseline and are close to the NBD baseline, while the kappa sigma(2) values tend to lie between the two. Within the present uncertainties, our data do not show nonmonotonic behavior as a function of collision energy. These measurements provide a valuable tool to extract the freeze-out parameters in heavy-ion collisions by comparing with theoretical models. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Przybycien, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Gliske, S.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Huang, B.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brovko, S. G.; Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Ding, F.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Haag, B.; Kesich, A.; Romero, J. L.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. 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H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Borowski, W.; Kabana, S.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Li, X.; Surrow, B.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Djawotho, P.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Yan, W.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Engle, K. S.; Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Roy, A.; Sahoo, N. R.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Sandacz, A.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Riley, C. K.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. RI Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Kumar, Lokesh/A-6154-2010; Aparecido Negrao de Oliveira, Renato/G-9133-2015; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013 OI Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Kumar, Lokesh/0000-0002-2746-9840; Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001 FU Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; Korean Research Foundation; GA of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia; MSMT of the Czech Republic; RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; KISTI Center in Korea; Open Science Grid consortium FX We thank M. Asakawa, R. Gavai, S. Gupta, F. Karsch, V. Koch, S. Mukherjee, K. Rajagopal, K. Redlich, and M. A. Stephanov for discussions related to this work. We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST and MoE of China, the Korean Research Foundation, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, National Research Foundation (NRF-2012004024), the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 43 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 26 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 9 AR 092301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.092301 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AO4IX UT WOS:000341301800002 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Lupke, G AF Zheng, Wei Hanbicki, Aubrey T. Jonker, Berend T. Luepke, Gunter TI Control of magnetic contrast with nonlinear magneto-plasmonics SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; SURFACE-PLASMONS; FILMS; ANISOTROPY; MAGNETOPLASMONICS AB The interaction between surface plasmons (SP) and magnetic behavior has generated great research interest due to its potential for future magneto-optical devices with ultra-high sensitivity and ultra-fast switching. Here we combine two surface sensitive effects: magnetic second-harmonic generation (MSHG) and SP to enhance the detection sensitivity of the surface magnetization in a single-crystal iron film. We show that the MSHG signal can be significantly enhanced by SP in an attenuated total reflection (ATR) condition, and that the magnetic contrast can be varied over a wide range by the angle-of-incidence. Furthermore, the magnetic contrast of transverse and longitudinal MSHG display opposite trends, which originates from the change of relative phase between MSHG components. This new effect enhances the sensing of magnetic switching, which has potential usage in quaternary magnetic storage systems and bio-chemical sensors due to its very high surface sensitivity and simple structure. C1 [Zheng, Wei; Luepke, Gunter] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Hanbicki, Aubrey T.; Jonker, Berend T.] Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zheng, W (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM wzheng@email.wm.edu; gxluep@wm.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER46127]; Office of Naval Research; core programs FX The optical experiments performed at the College of William and Mary are supported by the Department of Energy through Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER46127. The sample growth at NRL is supported by core programs and the Office of Naval Research. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD AUG 26 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 6191 DI 10.1038/srep06191 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN8HA UT WOS:000340843600005 PM 25155873 ER PT J AU Orozco-Caballero, A Menon, SK Cepeda-Jimenez, CM Hidalgo-Manrique, P McNelley, TR Ruano, OA Carreno, F AF Orozco-Caballero, A. Menon, S. K. Cepeda-Jimenez, C. M. Hidalgo-Manrique, P. McNelley, T. R. Ruano, O. A. Carreno, F. TI Influence of microstructural stability on the creep mechanism of Al-7 wt% Si alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Al-Si alloys; Equal channel angular processing; Precipitate strengthening; Supersaturated solid solution; Deformation mechanism; Microstructural stability ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION; CASTING ALLOY; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; INDUCED PRECIPITATION; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; SUBGRAIN SIZE; ALUMINUM; TEMPERATURE AB A Na-modified, as-cast Al-7 wt% Si alloy was processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) up to 8 passes by route A at ambient temperature using a 90 degrees square section die, obtaining improved strength, ductility and work of fracture. From the first pass, porosity is removed, the eutectic constituent is refined and the eutectic silicon particles are partially redistributed. Additionally, a fine and homogeneous strain-induced silicon precipitation occurs in the supersaturated solid solution retained in the casting. These fine precipitates assist in grain refinement, resulting in a 250 nm grain size after one pass and 210 nm after 8 passes. This microstructure cannot sustain grain boundary sliding because it coarsens rapidly even at the lowest testing temperatures. Deformation at high temperatures gives values of n of about 8 and values of the activation energy corresponding to the self-diffusion of aluminum, 142 kJ/mol, which can be rationalized by a constant substructure slip creep mechanism. These values are influenced by the presence and evolution of the fine intradendritic silicon precipitates. Coarsening of these precipitates with time and temperature increases their interparticle distance causing variations in experimental n and Q values. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Orozco-Caballero, A.; Cepeda-Jimenez, C. M.; Hidalgo-Manrique, P.; Ruano, O. A.; Carreno, F.] CENIM CSIC, Dept Met Phys, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Menon, S. K.; McNelley, T. R.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Orozco-Caballero, A (reprint author), CENIM CSIC, Dept Met Phys, Avda Gregorio del Amo 8, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM aorozco@cenim.csic.es RI Carreno, Fernando/F-6141-2011; Ruano, Oscar/H-1835-2015; Hidalgo-Manrique, Paloma/A-4537-2017; OI Carreno, Fernando/0000-0003-0754-2518; Ruano, Oscar/0000-0001-6368-986X; Hidalgo-Manrique, Paloma/0000-0003-1894-0941; Orozco-Caballero, Alberto/0000-0001-9518-8816 FU Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [MAT2012-38962]; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas - European Social Fund (FSE) [JAEPre_2010] FX The financial support from Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Project MAT2012-38962, is gratefully acknowledged. A. Orozco-Caballero also thanks Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Fellowship code: JAEPre_2010) for a JAE-Pre fellowship, co-funded by the European Social Fund (FSE 2007-2013). The authors also thank Dr. Jeffrey Woertz for his assistance in metallographic preparation at the Naval Postgraduate School. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 26 PY 2014 VL 612 BP 162 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2014.06.017 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AN1GS UT WOS:000340331300019 ER PT J AU Kim, H Sutto, TE Pique, A AF Kim, Heungsoo Sutto, Thomas E. Pique, Alberto TI Laser materials processing for micropower source applications: a review SO JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE pulsed laser deposition; thin-film batteries; laser induced forward transfer; thick-film electrodes; solid-state electrolyte; Li-ion microbatteries; laser structuring; laser sintering ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; LI-ION MICROBATTERIES; OXIDE THIN-FILMS; LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; DIRECT-WRITE; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; DEPOSITION; LICOO2; BATTERIES AB This paper reviews recent work on the fabrication of energy storage and power generation using laser-based processes such as pulsed laser deposition (PLD), laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT), and laser surface processing techniques. PLD is a versatile technique for depositing high-quality layers of materials for cathodes, anodes, and solid electrolytes for thin-film microbatteries. Using sequential PLD processes, solid-state thin-film lithium-ion microbatteries can be successfully fabricated. LIFT is a powerful tool for printing complex materials with highly porous structures for the fabrication of micropower sources such as thick-film batteries and metal oxide-based solar cells. In particular, using the LIFT process it is possible to print thick layers (similar to 100 mu m) while maintaining pattern integrity and low-internal resistance. As a consequence, power sources fabricated in this manner exhibit higher energy densities per unit area than those obtained by traditional thin-film growth techniques. In addition, the printed active materials can be modified by postlaser processes, such as laser sintering and laser structuring, to further improve the device performance by enhancing the electrodes' three-dimensional networked structure and increasing the overall active surface, respectively. This review will discuss various examples where laser materials' processing has led to new approaches in the development of micropower sources applications. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Kim, Heungsoo; Sutto, Thomas E.; Pique, Alberto] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heungsoo.kim@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory Basic Research Program. Special thanks to Dr. Mike Ollinger for his help in the fabrication of embedded microbatteries and nc-SPIL membranes, Ray Auyeung for his help with laser annealing of TiO2 layers, and Dr. Johannes Proll and Dr. Wilhelm Pfleging of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and the Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), for laser structuring. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 33 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1947-7988 J9 J PHOTON ENERGY JI J. Photonics Energy PD AUG 21 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 040992 DI 10.1117/1.JPE.4.040992 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA AW6WD UT WOS:000346405300001 ER PT J AU Cui, YS Lu, JW Schafer, S Khodadadi, B Mewes, T Osofsky, M Wolf, SA AF Cui, Yishen Lu, Jiwei Schaefer, Sebastian Khodadadi, Behrouz Mewes, Tim Osofsky, Mike Wolf, Stuart A. TI Magnetic damping and spin polarization of highly ordered B2 Co2FeAl thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEUSLER ALLOYS AB Epitaxial Co2FeAl films were synthesized using the Biased Target Ion Beam Deposition technique. Post annealing yielded Co2FeAl films with an improved B2 chemical ordering. Both the magnetization and the Gilbert damping parameter were reduced with increased B2 ordering. A low damping parameter, similar to 0.002, was attained in B2 ordered Co2FeAl films without the presence of the L2(1) Heusler phase, which suggests that the B2 structure is sufficient for providing low damping in Co2FeAl. The spin polarization was similar to 53% and was insensitive to the chemical ordering. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Cui, Yishen; Wolf, Stuart A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Lu, Jiwei; Wolf, Stuart A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Schaefer, Sebastian; Khodadadi, Behrouz; Mewes, Tim] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Osofsky, Mike] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cui, YS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM jl5tk@virginia.edu FU NSF [ECCS-1344218, 09522929] FX J.L. and S.A.W. thank the support by the NSF (ECCS-1344218). T.M. acknowledges his NSF-Career award (09522929). NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 7 AR 073902 DI 10.1063/1.4893235 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2XB UT WOS:000341189400024 ER PT J AU Thunga, M Bauer, A Obusek, K Meilunas, R Akinc, M Kessler, MR AF Thunga, Mahendra Bauer, Amy Obusek, Kristine Meilunas, Ray Akinc, Mufit Kessler, Michael R. TI Injection repair of carbon fiber/bismaleimide composite panels with bisphenol E cyanate ester resin SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Adhesive joints; Thermomechanical properties; Impact behavior; Ultrasonics ID FIBER COMPOSITES; AIRCRAFT; THERMOGRAPHY AB Resin injection of bisphenol E cyanate ester, a low viscosity resin that cures into a high temperature thermoset polymer, is investigated as a reliable repair method to restore strength and stiffness in delaminated carbon fiber/bismaleimide composites used in aircraft panels. The influence of temperature on the viscosity of the uncured resin was measured to optimize the injection conditions for high resin infiltration into the delaminations. The repair efficiency of the resin was evaluated by varying the panel thickness and the method by which the delamination damage was created in the composite specimens. Ultrasonic scanning (C-scan), flash thermography images, and cross-section analysis of repaired panels revealed excellent resin infiltration into the damaged region. Evaluation of mechanical repair efficiency using both bending stiffness and in-plain compressive strength of the composite panels as the repair metrics showed values exceeding 100%. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thunga, Mahendra; Bauer, Amy; Akinc, Mufit; Kessler, Michael R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Thunga, Mahendra; Akinc, Mufit; Kessler, Michael R.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kessler, Michael R.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Obusek, Kristine] Fleet Readiness Ctr East, Mat Engn Div, Cherry Point, NC USA. [Meilunas, Ray] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Mat Engn Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Kessler, MR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, POB 642920, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM MichaelR.Kessler@wsu.edu RI Kessler, Michael/C-3153-2008 OI Kessler, Michael/0000-0001-8436-3447 FU ESTCP Program Office [WP-201108] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the funding support by the ESTCP Program Office for this development/validation effort under WP-201108. Special thanks to Dan Barnard and Dr. Steve Holland from the Center for Nondestructive Evaluation, Iowa State University for guidance in C-scan imaging and flash thermography and for providing access to their laboratory facilities. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 EI 1879-1050 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 21 PY 2014 VL 100 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.05.024 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA AM9SX UT WOS:000340222400024 ER PT J AU Townsend, TK Foos, EE AF Townsend, Troy K. Foos, Edward E. TI Fully solution processed all inorganic nanocrystal solar cells SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPRAY DEPOSITION; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; INK; NANOPARTICLES; DEVICE; SIZE AB The effects of solution (sol) processed contacts of indium tin oxide (ITO-sol) and gold (Au-sol) on solar cells are tested. When combined with solution processed active layers of CdTe/CdSe, all-inorganic fully solution processed solar cells are produced on non-conductive glass substrates. Under AM 1.5G illumination, open circuit voltages (V-oc), short circuit currents (J(sc)) and efficiencies (eta) of solar cells processed with evaporated Au and commercial ITO were found to be (V-oc = 0.56 +/- 0.04 V, J(sc) = 17.2 +/- 2.2 mA cm(-2), eta = 3.8 +/- 0.4%), with Au-sol replacement (V-oc = 0.54 +/- 0.03 V, J(sc) = 12.6 +/- 1.0 mA cm(-2), eta = 2.0 +/- 0.1%), with ITO-sol (V-oc = 0.38 +/- 0.04 V, J(sc) = 12.3 +/- 0.8 mA cm(-2), eta = 1.3 +/- 0.2%), and with each layer solution processed (V-oc = 0.49 +/- 0.01 V, J(sc) = 10.0 +/- 1.5 mA cm(-2), eta = 1.5 +/- 0.2%) with the champion fully-solution processed all-inorganic device showing eta = 1.7%. Layers and devices were characterized with UV/Vis spectroscopy, optical profilometry, XRD, XPS and SEM. The results indicate that the reduced performance of the all-solution devices results primarily from increased roughness of the Au film and decreased conductivity of the ITO layer. C1 [Townsend, Troy K.; Foos, Edward E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Townsend, TK (reprint author), St Marys Coll Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, St Marys City, MD 20686 USA. EM tktownsend@ucdavis.edu FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Naval Research Laboratory FX The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is gratefully acknowledged for financial support. Special thank you to Dr Woojun Yoon for photovoltaic testing of preliminary devices and to Dr Carl Giller for advice. This work was conducted while T. Townsend held a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2014 VL 16 IS 31 BP 16458 EP 16464 DI 10.1039/c4cp02403f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AM7VB UT WOS:000340075700016 PM 24983645 ER PT J AU Srivastava, VK Quinlan, RA Agapov, AL Dunlap, JR Nelson, KM Duranty, E Sokolov, AP Bhat, GS Mays, JW AF Srivastava, Vikram K. Quinlan, Ronald A. Agapov, Alexander L. Dunlap, John R. Nelson, Kimberly M. Duranty, Edward Sokolov, Alexei P. Bhat, Gajanan S. Mays, Jimmy W. TI Macroscopic Properties of Restacked, Redox-Liquid Exfoliated Graphite and Graphite Mimics Produced in Bulk Quantities SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID METAL DICHALCOGENIDE NANOSHEETS; BORON-NITRIDE NANOSHEETS; FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; ATOMIC LAYERS; ORGANIC FUNCTIONALIZATION; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; PHASE EXFOLIATION; SINGLE-LAYER; MOS2 AB The excellent properties exhibited by monolayer graphene have spurred the development of exfoliation techniques using bulk graphite to produce large quantities of pristine monolayer sheets. Development of simple chemistry to exfoliate and intercalate graphite and graphite mimics in large quantities is required for numerous applications. To determine the macroscopic behavior of restacked, exfoliated bulk materials, a systematic approach is presented using a simple, redox-liquid sonication process along to obtain large quantities of 2D and 3D hexagonally layered graphite, molybdenum disulfide, and boron nitride, which are subsequently characterized to observe chemical and structural changes. For MoS2 sonicated with the antioxidant sodium bisulfite, results from Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy indicate the presence of distorted phases from different polymorphs, and apparent nanotube structures in the bulk, restacked powder. Furthermore, using thermograviemtric analysis, the antioxidant enhances the resistance to oxidative degradation of MoS2, upon thermal treatment up to 900 degrees C. The addition of the ionic antioxidant decreased dispersion stability in non-polar solvent, suggesting decreased compatibility with non-polar systems. Using simple chemical methods, the ability to generate tailored multidimensional layered materials with unique macroscopic properties is critical for numerous applications, including electrical devices, reinforced polymer composites, lithium-ion capacitors, and chemical sensing. C1 [Srivastava, Vikram K.; Agapov, Alexander L.; Nelson, Kimberly M.; Duranty, Edward; Sokolov, Alexei P.; Mays, Jimmy W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Sokolov, Alexei P.; Mays, Jimmy W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Quinlan, Ronald A.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Mat & Power Syst Branch, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Dunlap, John R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Bhat, Gajanan S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Srivastava, VK (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM vsrivast@utk.edu; jimmymays@utk.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0393]; Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program [0601152N]; Division of Materials Science and Engineering, US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Award No. N00014-10-1-0393). R. A. Q. acknowledges financial support by the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program administrated under ONR's Program Element 0601152N. A. L. A., K.M.N., A. P. S., and J.W.M. acknowledge partial support from the Division of Materials Science and Engineering, US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 85 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD AUG 20 PY 2014 VL 24 IS 31 BP 4969 EP 4977 DI 10.1002/adfm.201400484 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AN6CW UT WOS:000340682300012 ER PT J AU Brittain, SD Carr, JS Najita, JR Quanz, SP Meyer, MR AF Brittain, Sean D. Carr, John S. Najita, Joan R. Quanz, Sascha P. Meyer, Michael R. TI NIR SPECTROSCOPY OF THE HAeBe STAR HD 100546. III. FURTHER EVIDENCE OF AN ORBITING COMPANION? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; protoplanetary disks; stars: formation; stars: individual (HD 100546); techniques: spectroscopic ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; CO EMISSION-LINES; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; GAS ACCRETION; INNER DISKS; HD-100546; PLANET; MASS; SIMULATIONS AB We report high-resolution NIR spectroscopy of CO and OH emission from the Herbig Be star HD 100546. We discuss how our results bear striking resemblance to several theoretically predicted signposts of giant planet formation. The properties of the CO and OH emission lines are consistent with our earlier interpretation that these diagnostics provide indirect evidence for a companion that orbits the star close to the disk wall (at similar to 13AU). The asymmetry of the OH spectral line profiles and their lack of time variability are consistent with emission from gas in an eccentric orbit at the disk wall that is approximately stationary in the inertial frame. The time variable spectroastrometric properties of the CO upsilon = 1-0 emission line point to an orbiting source of CO emission with an emitting area similar to that expected for a circumplanetary disk (similar to 0.1AU(2)) assuming the CO emission is optically thick. We also consider a counterhypothesis to this interpretation, namely that the variable CO emission arises from a bright spot on the disk wall. We conclude with a brief suggestion of further work that can distinguish between these scenarios. C1 [Brittain, Sean D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab 118, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Carr, John S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Najita, Joan R.] Natl Optic Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Najita, Joan R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Quanz, Sascha P.; Meyer, Michael R.] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Brittain, SD (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab 118, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sbritt@clemson.edu FU European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Chile [090.C-0571(A)]; National Science Foundation [AST-0954811]; Naval Research Laboratory [6.1]; Institute for Theory; Computation at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics FX Based on observations collected at the European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Chile, under program number 090.C-0571(A). S. D. B. acknowledges support for this work from the National Science Foundation under grant number AST-0954811. Basic research in infrared astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. J.N. gratefully acknowledges support from the Institute for Theory and Computation at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2014 VL 791 IS 2 AR 136 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/136 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AM7EV UT WOS:000340028400063 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R. Roland, C. M. TI Determination of the Thermodynamic Scaling Exponent for Relaxation in Liquids from Static Ambient-Pressure Quantities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR LIQUIDS; DYNAMICS; VOLUME; POLYMERS; CRYSTAL; METHACRYLATE) AB An equation is derived that expresses the thermodynamic scaling exponent, gamma, which superposes relaxation times tau and other measures of molecular mobility determined over a range of temperatures and densities, in terms of static physical quantities. The latter are available in the literature or can be measured at ambient pressure. We show for 13 materials, both molecular liquids and polymers, that the calculated gamma are equivalent to the scaling exponents obtained directly by superpositioning. The assumptions of the analysis are that the glass transition T-g is isochronal (i.e., tau(a) is constant at T-g, which is true by definition) and that the pressure derivative of the glass temperature is given by the first Ehrenfest relation. The latter, derived assuming continuity of the entropy at the glass transition, has been corroborated for many glass-forming materials at ambient pressure. However, we find that the Ehrenfest relation breaks down at elevated pressure; this limitation is of no consequence herein, since the appeal of the new equation is its applicability to ambient-pressure data. The ability to determine, from ambient-pressure measurements, the scaling exponent describing the high-pressure dynamics extends the applicability of this approach to a broader range of materials. Since gamma is linked to the intermolecular potential, the new equation thus provides ready access to information about the forces between molecules. C1 [Casalini, R.; Roland, C. M.] Div Chem, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), Div Chem, Naval Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 8 AR 085701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.085701 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AO4FT UT WOS:000341292300005 PM 25192107 ER PT J AU Morris, KF Billiot, EJ Billiot, FH Gladis, AA Lipkowitz, KB Southerland, WM Fang, YY AF Morris, Kevin F. Billiot, Eugene J. Billiot, Fereshteh H. Gladis, Ashley A. Lipkowitz, Kenny B. Southerland, William M. Fang, Yayin TI A molecular dynamics simulation study of the association of 1,1 '-binaphthyl-2,2 '-diyl hydrogenphosphate enantiomers with a chiral molecular micelle SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Molecular dynamics simulation; Chiral recognition; Molecular micelle ID AMINO-ACID ORDER; POLYMERIC DIPEPTIDE SURFACTANTS; STATE FLUORESCENCE ANISOTROPY; STERIC FACTORS; ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; BINAPHTHYL DERIVATIVES; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; SEPARATIONS; RECOGNITION AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to investigate the binding of 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogenphosphate (BNP) enantiomers to the molecular micelle poly-(sodium undecyl-(L,L)-leucine-valine) (poly(SULV)). Poly(SULV) is used as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis separations. Four poly(SULV) binding pockets were identified and either (R)-BNP or (S)-BNP were docked into each pocket. MD simulations were then used to identify the preferred BNP binding site. Within the preferred site, both enantiomers formed hydrogen bonds with poly(SULV) and penetrated into the poly(SULV) core. Comparisons of BNP enantiomer binding to the preferred poly(SULV) pocket showed that (S)-BNP formed stronger hydrogen bonds, moved deeper into the binding site, and had a lower poly(SULV) binding free energy than the (R) enantiomer. Finally, MD simulation results were in agreement with capillary electrophoresis and NMR experiments. Each technique showed (S)-BNP interacted more strongly with poly(SULV) than (R)-BNP and that the site of chiral recognition was near the poly(SULV) leucine chiral center. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Morris, Kevin F.; Gladis, Ashley A.] Carthage Coll, Dept Chem, Kenosha, WI 53140 USA. [Billiot, Eugene J.; Billiot, Fereshteh H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Lipkowitz, Kenny B.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Southerland, William M.; Fang, Yayin] Howard Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Fang, YY (reprint author), Howard Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 520 W St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM yfang@howard.edu FU NIMHD [G12 MD007597]; NIH; NSF CAREER [0449742]; Howard University College of Medicine Bridge Funds and Pilot Study Awards Program (BFPSAP); Howard University ADVANCE-IT; NSF-RUI [1213532]; Robert A. Welch Chemistry Departmental FX This work was supported by grant #G12 MD007597 from NIMHD, NIH to the RCMI program at Howard University. Support was also provided by an NSF CAREER grant to Dr. Eugene Billiot (#0449742), a Howard University College of Medicine Bridge Funds and Pilot Study Awards Program (BFPSAP) grant and Howard University ADVANCE-IT grant to Dr. Yayin Fang, an NSF-RUI grant (#1213532) to Drs. Fereshteh Billiot and Kevin Morris, and a Robert A. Welch Chemistry Departmental Grant to the Chemistry Program at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. The generosity of the Ralph E. Klingenmeyer family is also acknowledged. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 EI 1873-4421 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD AUG 17 PY 2014 VL 439 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2014.05.004 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AK8VB UT WOS:000338705600005 PM 25083022 ER PT J AU Yang, S Nesbitt, SW AF Yang, Song Nesbitt, Stephen W. TI Statistical properties of precipitation as observed by the TRMM precipitation radar SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE TRMM; precipitation; radar ID RAIN-PROFILING ALGORITHM; STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; DIURNAL VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; CLIMATOLOGY; DATASETS; CLOUDS; MODES; CYCLE AB The statistical properties of tropic-subtropic precipitation are revealed with 13years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) measurements. About 3% of PR observations are raining pixels. The average daily rainfall over 37.5 degrees N-37.5 degrees S is 1.28, 1.18, and 2.46mmd(-1) for convective, stratiform, and total rain, respectively, indicating 51.85% from convective rain and 48.09% from stratiform rain. The related values are 1.300, 1.272, and 2.573mmd(-1) over ocean and 1.22, 0.97, and 2.19mmd(-1) over land, indicating a convective rain fraction of 50.51% over ocean and 55.77% over land. The 92% (93%) and 73% (55%) of rain events over ocean (land) are from stratiform and convective rain <5mmh(-1), respectively, while the associated rainfall contributions in stratiform and convective rain are 62% (68%) and 27% (15%) over ocean (land). Results demonstrate that contributions from large rain intensity events are very importation in total precipitation, especially over land. The rainfall missed by TRMM PR is mostly light rain and does not significantly impact large-scale statistics of convective and stratiform rain amount. Light rain will increase the total precipitation by about 10% and, if considered a separate category, decrease the observed convective and stratiform rain contributions about 10% over the PR domain. These statistical properties of precipitation could be utilized as a baseline in the assessment of precipitation from operational numerical weather prediction and climate models. C1 [Yang, Song] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Nesbitt, Stephen W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Yang, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM song.yang@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Navy BE 6.2 base program; NASA [NNX13AF86G] FX The authors appreciate the TRMM PR level 2 rain data sets provided by the joint NASA-JAXA TRMM project through the TRMM Science Data and Information System. The first author is funded by a Navy BE 6.2 base program for cloud property study. The second author is supported by the NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions grant NNX13AF86G under Ramesh Kakar. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 15 BP 5636 EP 5643 DI 10.1002/2014GL060683 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AP0BI UT WOS:000341725200041 ER PT J AU Muller, A Muller, D AF Muller, Andrew Muller, Diana TI Analysis of nodal point pollution, variability, and sustainability in mesohaline tidal creeks SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Hypoxia; Variability; Means comparison test; Spatial analysis; Nodal point; Sustainability ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; LONG-TERM TRENDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER-QUALITY; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; OXYGEN DEPLETION; HYPOXIA; EUTROPHICATION; RESPONSES; COMMUNITIES AB Mesohaline tidal creeks are critical since they may lie at the crossroads of aquatic habitat and urban/suburban pressures. The emphasis of this study was to determine the water quality stressor variations within and between tidal creeks and determine whether they serve as nodes of pollutants into the sub-estuary. Measurements of water quality stressors were conducted over a six-year period. The study revealed that characterizing the variability of individual tidal creeks is critical to understanding the process and impacts of stressors in sub-estuarine environments and that the tidal creeks are actually nodal points of sediment and nutrient pollution. This results in hypoxia being controlled within tidal creeks rather than being imported from the parent estuary. The calculated metrics were then used to create a Sustainability Characterization Map. Methods incorporated in this study would be of value to restoration managers, and in the decision-making process of urban and suburban watershed planners. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Muller, Andrew] US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Muller, Diana] South River Federat, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Muller, A (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM amuller@usna.edu; southriverkeeperdiana@gmail.com FU Naval Academy Research Foundation; Paul and Maxine Frohring Foundation FX We would like to thank the Naval Academy Research Foundation and the Paul and Maxine Frohring Foundation for providing the funding for this research. We also would also like to thank the United States Naval Academy Oceanography midshipmen students, the South River Federation staff, interns, volunteers, and board of directors. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 85 IS 1 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.048 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AO6NH UT WOS:000341468300035 PM 24997875 ER PT J AU Westphal, AJ Stroud, RM Bechtel, HA Brenker, FE Butterworth, AL Flynn, GJ Frank, DR Gainsforth, Z Hillier, JK Postberg, F Simionovici, AS Sterken, VJ Nittler, LR Allen, C Anderson, D Ansari, A Bajt, S Bastien, RK Bassim, N Bridges, J Brownlee, DE Burchell, M Burghammer, M Changela, H Cloetens, P Davis, AM Doll, R Floss, C Gruen, E Heck, PR Hoppe, P Hudson, B Huth, J Kearsley, A King, AJ Lai, B Leitner, J Lemelle, L Leonard, A Leroux, H Lettieri, R Marchant, W Ogliore, R Ong, WJ Price, MC Sandford, SA Tresseras, JAS Schmitz, S Schoonjans, T Schreiber, K Silversmit, G Sole, VA Srama, R Stadermann, F Stephan, T Stodolna, J Sutton, S Trieloff, M Tsou, P Tyliszczak, T Vekemans, B Vincze, L Von Korff, J Wordsworth, N Zevin, D Zolensky, ME AF Westphal, Andrew J. Stroud, Rhonda M. Bechtel, Hans A. Brenker, Frank E. Butterworth, Anna L. Flynn, George J. Frank, David R. Gainsforth, Zack Hillier, Jon K. Postberg, Frank Simionovici, Alexandre S. Sterken, Veerle J. Nittler, Larry R. Allen, Carlton Anderson, David Ansari, Asna Bajt, Sasa Bastien, Ron K. Bassim, Nabil Bridges, John Brownlee, Donald E. Burchell, Mark Burghammer, Manfred Changela, Hitesh Cloetens, Peter Davis, Andrew M. Doll, Ryan Floss, Christine Gruen, Eberhard Heck, Philipp R. Hoppe, Peter Hudson, Bruce Huth, Joachim Kearsley, Anton King, Ashley J. Lai, Barry Leitner, Jan Lemelle, Laurence Leonard, Ariel Leroux, Hugues Lettieri, Robert Marchant, William Ogliore, Ryan Ong, Wei Jia Price, Mark C. Sandford, Scott A. Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans Schmitz, Sylvia Schoonjans, Tom Schreiber, Kate Silversmit, Geert Sole, Vicente A. Srama, Ralf Stadermann, Frank Stephan, Thomas Stodolna, Julien Sutton, Stephen Trieloff, Mario Tsou, Peter Tyliszczak, Tolek Vekemans, Bart Vincze, Laszlo Von Korff, Joshua Wordsworth, Naomi Zevin, Daniel Zolensky, Michael E. CA 30714 Stardust Home Dusters TI Evidence for interstellar origin of seven dust particles collected by the Stardust spacecraft SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMET 81P/WILD 2; SOLAR-SYSTEM; INTERPLANETARY DUST; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; GRAINS; IMPACTS; AEROGEL; EVENTS; WILD-2; RETURN AB Seven particles captured by the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector and returned to Earth for laboratory analysis have features consistent with an origin in the contemporary interstellar dust stream. More than 50 spacecraft debris particles were also identified. The interstellar dust candidates are readily distinguished from debris impacts on the basis of elemental composition and/or impact trajectory. The seven candidate interstellar particles are diverse in elemental composition, crystal structure, and size. The presence of crystalline grains and multiple iron-bearing phases, including sulfide, in some particles indicates that individual interstellar particles diverge from any one representative model of interstellar dust inferred from astronomical observations and theory. C1 [Westphal, Andrew J.; Butterworth, Anna L.; Gainsforth, Zack; Anderson, David; Lettieri, Robert; Marchant, William; Stodolna, Julien; Von Korff, Joshua; Zevin, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stroud, Rhonda M.; Bassim, Nabil] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. [Bechtel, Hans A.; Tyliszczak, Tolek] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Brenker, Frank E.; Schmitz, Sylvia] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Geosci Inst, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Flynn, George J.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Frank, David R.; Bastien, Ron K.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr JSC, Jacobs Technol ESCG, Houston, TX USA. [Hillier, Jon K.; Postberg, Frank; Trieloff, Mario] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geowissensch, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany. [Simionovici, Alexandre S.] Observ Sci Univers Grenoble, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France. [Sterken, Veerle J.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Raumfahrtsyst IRS, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle J.] TU Braunschweig, IGEP, Braunschweig, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle J.; Gruen, Eberhard] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Sterken, Veerle J.; Heck, Philipp R.] Int Space Sci Inst, Bern, Switzerland. [Nittler, Larry R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Allen, Carlton; Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA JSC, Houston, TX USA. [Ansari, Asna] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Bajt, Sasa] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Bridges, John] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester, Leics, England. [Brownlee, Donald E.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Burchell, Mark; Price, Mark C.] Univ Kent, Canterbury, Kent, England. [Burghammer, Manfred; Schoonjans, Tom; Silversmit, Geert; Vekemans, Bart; Vincze, Laszlo] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Changela, Hitesh] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cloetens, Peter; Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans; Sole, Vicente A.] ESRF, Grenoble, France. [Davis, Andrew M.; King, Ashley J.; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doll, Ryan; Floss, Christine; Leonard, Ariel; Ong, Wei Jia; Schreiber, Kate; Stadermann, Frank] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Hoppe, Peter; Huth, Joachim; Leitner, Jan] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Kearsley, Anton] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Lai, Barry; Sutton, Stephen] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Lemont, IL USA. [Lemelle, Laurence] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Leroux, Hugues] Univ Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Srama, Ralf] Univ Stuttgart, IRS, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. [Tsou, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Wordsworth, Naomi] Wexbury, Stoke Poges, Bucks, England. RP Westphal, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM westphal@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/J-9362-2014; Leitner, Jan/A-7391-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; OI Sans Tresserras, Juan Angel/0000-0001-9047-3992; Leitner, Jan/0000-0003-3655-6273; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Burchell, Mark/0000-0002-2680-8943 FU NASA [NNX09AC36G, NNX09AC63G, NNH11AQ61I, NNX11AC21G, NNX11AE15G]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Klaus Tschira foundation; Tawani Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK); German Science Foundation (DFG) [SPP1385]; Funds for Scientific Research (FWO), Flanders, Belgium [G.0395.11, G.0257.12N, G.0C12.13] FX We are deeply grateful to the Stardust@home dusters (list at http://stardustathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/sciencedusters), whose tremendous efforts were critically important to the success of this project. The ISPE consortium gratefully acknowledges the NASA Discovery Program for Stardust, the fourth NASA Discovery mission. NASA grants supported the following authors: NNX09AC36G-A.J.W., A. L. B., Z.G., R. L., D.Z., W. M., and J.V.K.; NNX09AC63G-C.F., R. D., A. L., W.J.O., K. S., and F.J.S.; NNH11AQ61I-R.M.S., H. C. G., and N.D.B.; NNX11AC21G-A.M.D., A.J.K., and T. S.; NNX11AE15G-G.J.F. The Advanced Light Source and the National Center for Electron Microscopy are supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U. S. DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. M. T. and F. P. acknowledge support by Klaus Tschira foundation. A. A. and P. R. H. were supported by the Tawani Foundation. M.J.B. and M. C. P. are supported by Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK). F. E. B., J.K.H., P. H., J.L., F. P., S. S., R. S., and M. T. were supported by funding of the German Science Foundation (DFG) within SPP1385: the first ten million years of the solar system-a planetary materials approach. The ESRF ID13 measurements were performed in the framework of ESRF LTP EC337, with financial support by the Funds for Scientific Research (FWO), Flanders, Belgium (contract nr. G.0395.11, G.0257.12N and Big Science program G.0C12.13). G. Silversmit was postdoctoral fellow of the FWO during the ISPE investigations. Data presented in this paper are described in the supplementary materials and in references (9-20). NR 43 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 67 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6198 BP 786 EP 791 DI 10.1126/science.1252496 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN4XM UT WOS:000340593100038 PM 25124433 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Larson, GE Lauby, MDH AF Taylor, Marcus K. Larson, Gerald E. Lauby, Melissa D. Hiller TI Genetic variants in serotonin and corticosteroid systems modulate neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to intense stress SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stress; Cortisol; Cardiovascular; Endophenotype; Polymorphism; Genotype ID GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR GENE; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; POLYMORPHISM; CORTISOL; TRANSPORTER; ASSOCIATIONS; DEPRESSION; BRAIN AB Common variants in serotonin and corticosteroid receptor genes influence human stress in laboratory settings. Little is known of their combined effects, especially in high stress environments. This study evaluated distinct and combined effects of polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter (5HTTLPRL/S), glucocorticoid receptor (Bcl1C/G), and mineralocorticoid (-2C/G) receptor genes on adrenocortical and cardiovascular responses to intense, realistic stress. One hundred and forty four healthy, active-duty military men were studied before, during, and 24h after a stressful 12-day survival course. Dependent variables were cortisol, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). 5HTTLPR SS carriers revealed higher overall cortisol concentrations than L carriers (p =.022). 5HTTLPR L carriers demonstrated higher stress-induced HR than non-carriers (SS) yet rebounded to a lower recovery value (p =.026), while Bcl1 G carriers showed higher mean stress-induced HR than non-carriers (CC) (p =.047). For DBP, 5HTTLPR S carriers showed higher overall values than non-carriers (LL) (p =.043), Bcl1 GG were higher than C carriers (p =.039), and -2C/G G carriers exceeded non-carriers (CC) (p =.028). A "high" composite genotype group revealed substantially higher overall cortisol concentrations than a "low" composite genotype group (p < .001), as was the case for DBP (p =.037). This study revealed a synergistic effect of common polymorphisms on the acute stress response in healthy men. Pending additional study, these findings may have implications for drug discovery, gene therapy, and stress inoculation strategies. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.; Larson, Gerald E.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, Biobehav Sci Lab, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Taylor, Marcus K.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Taylor, Marcus K.] Arizona State Univ, Inst Interdisciplinary Salivary Biosci Res, Tempe, AZ USA. [Lauby, Melissa D. Hiller] Naval Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM marc.taylor@med.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [Code 34] FX This study was supported by a grant from the Office of Naval Research, Code 34 (Warfighter Performance). This work was performed under work unit number 60124. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (Protocol NHRC.2011.0033). NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-4328 EI 1872-7549 J9 BEHAV BRAIN RES JI Behav. Brain Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 270 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.004 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AM2PV UT WOS:000339694200001 PM 24821403 ER PT J AU Liu, B Braiman, Y Nair, N Lu, Y Guo, Y Colet, P Wardlaw, M AF Liu, B. Braiman, Y. Nair, N. Lu, Y. Guo, Y. Colet, P. Wardlaw, M. TI Nonlinear dynamics and synchronization of an array of single mode laser diodes in external cavity subject to current modulation SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Diode laser array; Nonlinear dynamics; Synchronization ID WEAK PERIODIC PERTURBATIONS; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; HIGH-POWER; OPTICAL FEEDBACK; TALBOT CAVITY; COHERENT ADDITION; PHASE-LOCKING; CHAOS; INJECTION; DISORDER AB We study the dynamics of an array of single mode laser diodes subject to filtered feedback provided by an external reflection grating. Our numerical simulations show that by modulating the injection current the array can be phase synchronized leading to high power coherent emission. The output peak power density can be varied by tuning the modulation frequency and can be resonantly enhanced once the frequency matches the inverse of external cavity round trip time and mode-locking behavior is realized. Both non-resonant and resonant injection current modulation results in an excellent degree of phase synchronization and coherence at certain modulation amplitudes and frequencies that is manifested by coherent enhancement of far-field optical intensity. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, B.; Braiman, Y.; Nair, N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Liu, B.; Braiman, Y.; Nair, N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mechan Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lu, Y.; Guo, Y.] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Colet, P.] CSIC UIB, IFISC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. [Wardlaw, M.] Off Naval Res, Maritime Sensing, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Braiman, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM braimany@ornl.gov RI Colet, Pere/A-2472-2011 OI Colet, Pere/0000-0002-5992-6292 FU Office of Naval Research, National Science Foundation [EFRI 1024660]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; MINECO, Spain; FEDER [F152012-30634, TEC2012-36335]; Comunitat Autonoma de les Illes Balears FX This research was supported in parts by the Office of Naval Research, National Science Foundation under grant EFRI#1024660, and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, PC acknowledges financial support from MINECO, Spain, and FEDER under Projects F152012-30634 (INTENSE@COSYP) and TEC2012-36335 (TRIPHOP) and by Comunitat Autonoma de les Illes Balears. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 EI 1873-0310 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD AUG 15 PY 2014 VL 324 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2014.03.001 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA AI6GC UT WOS:000336969100050 ER PT J AU Greenlee, JD Feigelson, BN Anderson, TJ Tadjer, MJ Hite, JK Mastro, MA Eddy, CR Hobart, KD Kub, FJ AF Greenlee, Jordan D. Feigelson, Boris N. Anderson, Travis J. Tadjer, Marko J. Hite, Jennifer K. Mastro, Michael A. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Hobart, Karl D. Kub, Francis J. TI Multicycle rapid thermal annealing optimization of Mg-implanted GaN: Evolution of surface, optical, and structural properties SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL ACTIVATION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ION-IMPLANTATION; GALLIUM NITRIDE; SI; SUBSTRATE; ALN AB The first step of a multi-cycle rapid thermal annealing process was systematically studied. The surface, structure, and optical properties of Mg implanted GaN thin films annealed at temperatures ranging from 900 to 1200 degrees C were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, UV-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Nomarski microscopy. The GaN thin films are capped with two layers of in-situ metal organic chemical vapor deposition -grown AlN and annealed in 24 bar of N-2 overpressure to avoid GaN decomposition. The crystal quality of the GaN improves with increasing annealing temperature as confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and the full widths at half maximums of the E-2 and A(1) (LO) Raman modes. The crystal quality of films annealed above 1100 degrees C exceeds the quality of the as-grown films. At 1200 degrees C, Mg is optically activated, which is determined by photoluminescence measurements. However, at 1200 degrees C, the GaN begins to decompose as evidenced by pit formation on the surface of the samples. Therefore, it was determined that the optimal temperature for the first step in a multi-cycle rapid thermal anneal process should be conducted at 1150 degrees C due to crystal quality and surface morphology considerations. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Greenlee, Jordan D.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Feigelson, Boris N.; Anderson, Travis J.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Mastro, Michael A.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Hobart, Karl D.; Kub, Francis J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tadjer, Marko J.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Greenlee, JD (reprint author), CNR, 500 Fifth St NW, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM jordan.greenlee.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015; OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826; Greenlee, Jordan/0000-0002-9244-0470 FU American Society for Engineering Education; Office of Naval Research; National Research Council FX This research was performed while J. D. Greenlee held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. M. J. Tadjer acknowledges support from the American Society for Engineering Education. Research at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 6 AR 063502 DI 10.1063/1.4892618 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2TR UT WOS:000341179400011 ER PT J AU Johnson, LA Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Ting, A AF Johnson, Luke A. Sprangle, Phillip Hafizi, Bahman Ting, Antonio TI Remote atmospheric optical magnetometry SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC ROTATION SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; POLARIZATION; LASER AB In this paper, an analysis of a remote atmospheric magnetometry concept is considered, using molecular oxygen as the paramagnetic species. The objective is to use this mechanism for the remote detection of underwater and underground objects. Kerr self-focusing is used to bring a polarized, high-intensity, laser pulse to focus at a remote detection site where the laser pulse induces a ringing in the oxygen magnetization current. This current creates a co-propagating electromagnetic field behind the laser pulse, i.e., the wakefield, which has a rotated polarization that depends on the background magnetic field. The detection signature for underwater and underground objects is the change in the wakefield polarization between different measurement locations. The coupled Maxwell-density matrix equations are used to describe the oxygen magnetization in the presence of an intense laser pulse and ambient magnetic field. The magnetic dipole transition line that is considered is the b(1)Sigma(+)(g) - X-3 Sigma(-)(g) transition band of oxygen near 762 nm. The major challenges are the collisional dephasing of the atmospheric oxygen transitions and the strength of the effective magnetic dipole interaction. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Johnson, Luke A.; Sprangle, Phillip] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sprangle, Phillip; Hafizi, Bahman; Ting, Antonio] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Johnson, Luke/0000-0003-3965-3511 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Naval Engineering Education Center (NEEC) FX We would like to acknowledge Dr. S. Potashnik for useful discussions. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the Naval Engineering Education Center (NEEC). NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 6 AR 064902 DI 10.1063/1.4892568 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2TR UT WOS:000341179400070 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Anson, CD Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Balewski, J Banerjee, A Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Borowski, W Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Brovko, SG Bultmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Campbell, JM Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chwastowski, J Codrington, MJM Contin, G Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Cui, X Das, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Dhamija, S di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Ding, F Djawotho, P Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Engle, KS Eppley, G Eun, L Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Fedorisin, J Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Gliske, S Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Haque, R Harris, JW Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, HZ Huang, X Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kesich, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Kosarzewski, LK Kotchenda, L Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Don, DMMDM Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D McShane, TS Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nigmatkulov, G Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olvitt, DL Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peryt, W Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Poniatowska, K Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Przybycien, M Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Riley, CK Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Ross, JF Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Solanki, D Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Sun, X Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM Szelezniak, MA Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Turnau, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Vossen, A Wada, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, H Xu, J Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yan, W Yang, C Yang, Y Yang, Y Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zawisza, Y Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, JL Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anson, C. D. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Banerjee, A. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Brovko, S. G. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Campbell, J. M. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chwastowski, J. Codrington, M. J. M. Contin, G. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Cui, X. Das, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. Derradi de Souza, R. Dhamija, S. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Ding, F. Djawotho, P. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Engle, K. S. Eppley, G. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Fedorisin, J. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Gliske, S. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huang, X. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kesich, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Kosarzewski, L. K. Kotchenda, L. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olvitt, D. L., Jr. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Poniatowska, K. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Przybycien, M. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Riley, C. K. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ross, J. F. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szelezniak, M. A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Turnau, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Vossen, A. Wada, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, J. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yan, W. Yang, C. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yu, N. Zawisza, Y. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Measurement of Longitudinal Spin Asymmetries for Weak Boson Production in Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at RHIC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLAVOR ASYMMETRY; NUCLEON SEA; ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; QUARK DISTRIBUTIONS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; GOTTFRIED SUM AB We report measurements of single- and double-spin asymmetries for W-+/- and Z/gamma* boson production in longitudinally polarized p + p collisions at root s = 510 GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The asymmetries for W-+/- were measured as a function of the decay lepton pseudorapidity, which provides a theoretically clean probe of the proton's polarized quark distributions at the scale of the W mass. The results are compared to theoretical predictions, constrained by polarized deep inelastic scattering measurements, and show a preference for a sizable, positive up antiquark polarization in the range 0.05 < x < 0.2. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Przybycien, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Gliske, S.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Huang, B.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brovko, S. G.; Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Ding, F.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Haag, B.; Kesich, A.; Romero, J. L.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Derradi de Souza, R.; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, BR-13131 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, L.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Wu, Y. F.; Xu, J.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Kycia, R. A.] Cracow Univ Technol, PL-31155 Krakow, Poland. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige; McShane, T. S.; Ross, J. F.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Pachr, M.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. 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R.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Haque, R.; Kumar, L.; Mohanty, B.; Nasim, Md.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Anson, C. D.; Campbell, J. M.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Pawlik, B.; Turnau, J.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Cendejas, R.; Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. [Garand, D.; Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Llope, W. J.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Chen, H. F.; Cui, X.; Guo, Y.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Yang, C.; Zawisza, Y.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Borowski, W.; Kabana, S.] SUBATECH, F-44307 Nantes, France. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D. L., Jr.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Djawotho, P.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Yan, W.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Engle, K. S.; Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Roy, A.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Putschke, J.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Riley, C. K.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RI Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Kumar, Lokesh/A-6154-2010; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013 OI Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Fisyak, Yuri/0000-0002-3151-8377; Ke, Hongwei/0000-0003-1463-7291; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Kumar, Lokesh/0000-0002-2746-9840; Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001 FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; KISTI Center in Korea; Open Science Grid consortium; Office of NP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; Office of HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; Korean Research Foundation, GA; MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. We are grateful to M. Stratmann for useful discussions. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST and MoE of China, the Korean Research Foundation, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, National Research Foundation (NRF-2012004024), the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 7 AR 072301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.072301 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AO2AA UT WOS:000341115700005 ER PT J AU Fontana, J Dressick, WJ Phelps, J Johnson, JE Rendell, RW Sampson, T Ratna, BR Soto, CM AF Fontana, Jake Dressick, Walter J. Phelps, Jamie Johnson, John E. Rendell, Ronald W. Sampson, Travian Ratna, Banahalli R. Soto, Carissa M. TI Virus-Templated Plasmonic Nanoclusters with Icosahedral Symmetry via Directed Self-Assembly SO SMALL LA English DT Article ID COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; NANOSCALE BUILDING-BLOCKS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL MAGNETISM; FANO RESONANCE; METAMATERIALS; SCAFFOLD; PARTICLES; CLUSTERS AB The assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles with precise spatial and orientational order may lead to structures with new electromagnetic properties at optical frequencies. The directed self-assembly method presented controls the interparticle-spacing and symmetry of the resulting nanometer-sized elements in solution. The self-assembly of three-dimensional (3D), icosahedral plasmonic nanosclusters (NCs) with resonances at visible wavelengths is demonstrated experimentally. The ideal NCs consist of twelve gold (Au) nanospheres (NSs) attached to thiol groups at predefined locations on the surface of a genetically engineered cowpea mosaic virus with icosahedral symmetry. In situ dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements confirm the NSs assembly on the virus. Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) demonstrate the ability of the self-assembly method to control the nanoscopic symmetry of the bound NSs, which reflects the icosahedral symmetry of the virus. Both, TEM and DLS show that the NCs comprise of a distribution of capsids mostly covered (i.e., 6-12 NS/capsid) with NSs. 3D finite-element simulations of aqueous suspensions of NCs reproduce the experimental bulk absorbance measurements and major features of the spectra. Simulations results show that the fully assembled NCs give rise to a 10-fold surface-averaged enhancement of the local electromagnetic field. C1 [Fontana, Jake; Dressick, Walter J.; Sampson, Travian; Ratna, Banahalli R.; Soto, Carissa M.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Phelps, Jamie; Johnson, John E.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Rendell, Ronald W.] Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Soto, CM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM carissa.soto@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; ONR [N00173-13-1-C003] FX This work was supported with funding provided from the Office of Naval Research. T. S. was supported by ONR as an NRL summer intern under the HBCU/MI Summer Research Program: contract #: N00173-13-1-C003). C. M. S wants to thank A. S. Blum, N. Bastus, V. Puntes, E. Oh, J. Long, and J. Deschamps for useful discussions; and S. Trammell and N. Lebedev for reviewing the manuscript. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 44 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD AUG 13 PY 2014 VL 10 IS 15 BP 3058 EP 3063 DI 10.1002/smll.201400470 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AN9PH UT WOS:000340938900012 PM 24733721 ER PT J AU Keller, AM Ghosh, Y DeVore, MS Phipps, ME Stewart, MH Wilson, BS Lidke, DS Hollingsworth, JA Werner, JH AF Keller, Aaron M. Ghosh, Yagnaseni DeVore, Matthew S. Phipps, Mary E. Stewart, Michael H. Wilson, Bridget S. Lidke, Diane S. Hollingsworth, Jennifer A. Werner, James H. TI 3-Dimensional Tracking of Non-blinking 'Giant' Quantum Dots in Live Cells SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PARTICLE TRACKING; MOLECULE TRACKING; SHELL-THICKNESS; MULTIFUNCTIONAL LIGANDS; AUGER RECOMBINATION; SUPPRESSED BLINKING; DIFFUSION; MEMBRANE; RECEPTOR; TIME AB While semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been used successfully in numerous single particle tracking (SPT) studies due to their high photoluminescence efficiency, photostability, and broad palette of emission colors, conventional QDs exhibit fluorescence intermittency or 'blinking,' which causes ambiguity in particle trajectory analysis and limits tracking duration. Here, non-blinking 'giant' quantum dots (gQDs) are exploited to study IgE-Fc epsilon RI receptor dynamics in live cells using a confocal-based 3D SPT microscope. There is a 7-fold increase in the probability of observing IgE-Fc epsilon RI for longer than 1 min using the gQDs compared to commercially available QDs. A time-gated photon-pair correlation analysis is implemented to verify that selected SPT trajectories are definitively from individual gQDs and not aggregates. The increase in tracking duration for the gQDs allows the observation of multiple changes in diffusion rates of individual IgE-Fc epsilon RI receptors occurring on long (>1 min) time scales, which are quantified using a time-dependent diffusion coefficient and hidden Markov modeling. Non-blinking gQDs should become an important tool in future live cell 2D and 3D SPT studies, especially in cases where changes in cellular dynamics are occurring on the time scale of several minutes. C1 [Keller, Aaron M.; Ghosh, Yagnaseni; DeVore, Matthew S.; Phipps, Mary E.; Hollingsworth, Jennifer A.; Werner, James H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stewart, Michael H.] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wilson, Bridget S.; Lidke, Diane S.] Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Wilson, Bridget S.; Lidke, Diane S.] Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Keller, AM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jenn@lanl.gov; jwerner@lanl.gov FU National Institutes of Health [5R01AI097154-02]; NIH-NIGMS Grant [1R01GM084702-01]; Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; New Mexico Spatiotemporal Modeling Center [P50GM0852673]; NIH [R01GM100114]; [P50 GM065794]; [R01AI051575] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (5R01AI097154-02) JHW. JAH also acknowledges partial support by NIH-NIGMS Grant 1R01GM084702-01. YG was supported in part by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. This work was performed at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Collaborative efforts were also supported by P50 GM065794 and R01AI051575 (BSW), the New Mexico Spatiotemporal Modeling Center (P50GM0852673) and NIH R01GM100114 (DSL). We thank Jennifer Martinez for advice on bioconjugation and general use of laboratory resources, Peter Goodwin for assistance with AFM measurements, Patrick Cutler and Cedric Cleyrat for advice on handling and labeling the RBL-2H3 mast cells, Darrick Williams for advice on QD water solubilization via ligand exchange, Han Htoon for advice on assessing the number of gQD particles using time-gated PPC, and Pengfei Zhang for assistance with the PPC analysis. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 9 U2 47 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD AUG 13 PY 2014 VL 24 IS 30 BP 4796 EP 4803 DI 10.1002/adfm.201400349 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AN4IB UT WOS:000340549900009 PM 25798080 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Anson, CD Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Banerjee, A Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Borowski, W Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Brovko, SG Bultmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Campbell, JM Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chwastowski, J Codrington, MJM Contin, G Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Cui, X Das, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Ding, F Djawotho, P Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Engle, KS Eppley, G Eun, L Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Fedorisin, J Filip, P Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Gliske, S Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Haque, R Harris, JW Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, HZ Huang, X Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kesich, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Kosarzewski, LK Kotchenda, L Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Li, C Li, W Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D McShane, TS Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nigmatkulov, G Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olvitt, DL Page, BS Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Poniatowska, K Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Powell, CB Pruthi, NK Przybycien, M Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Riley, CK Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Ross, JF Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Simko, M Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Solanki, D Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Sun, X Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM Szelezniak, MA Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Turnau, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Vossen, A Wada, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, H Xu, J Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yan, W Yang, C Yang, Y Yang, Y Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, JL Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anson, C. D. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Banerjee, A. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Brovko, S. G. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Campbell, J. M. Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chwastowski, J. Codrington, M. J. M. Contin, G. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Cui, X. Das, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Ding, F. Djawotho, P. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Engle, K. S. Eppley, G. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Fedorisin, J. Filip, P. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Gliske, S. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L-X. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huang, X. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kesich, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Kosarzewski, L. K. Kotchenda, L. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olvitt, D. L., Jr. Page, B. S. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Poniatowska, K. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Powell, C. B. Pruthi, N. K. Przybycien, M. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Riley, C. K. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ross, J. F. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Simko, M. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szelezniak, M. A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Turnau, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Vossen, A. Wada, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, J. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yan, W. Yang, C. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I-K. Yu, N. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI J/psi production at low p(T) in Au plus Au and Cu plus Cu collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV with the STAR detector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ENERGY NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; CHARMONIUM PRODUCTION; PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION; MOMENTUM DEPENDENCE; PSI-SUPPRESSION; SYSTEM; MATTER AB The J/psi p(T) spectrum and nuclear modification factor (R-AA) are reported for p(T) < 5 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 1 from 0% to 60% central Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV at STAR. A significant suppression of p(T) - integrated J/psi production is observed in central Au + Au events. The Cu + Cu data are consistent with no suppression, although the precision is limited by the available statistics. R-AA in Au + Au collisions exhibits a strong suppression at low transverse momentum and gradually increases with p(T). The data are compared to high-p(T) STAR results and previously published BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider results. Comparing with model calculations, it is found that the invariant yields at low p(T) are significantly above hydrodynamic flow predictions but are consistent with models that include color screening and regeneration. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Przybycien, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Gliske, S.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Huang, B.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brovko, S. G.; Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Ding, F.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Haag, B.; Kesich, A.; Romero, J. L.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, L.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Wu, Y. F.; Xu, J.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Kycia, R. A.] Cracow Univ Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; McShane, T. S.; Ross, J. F.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. A.] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Rusnak, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Sahu, P. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751007, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Keane, D.; Lomnitz, M.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. 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[Haque, R.; Kumar, L.; Mohanty, B.; Nasim, Md.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Anson, C. D.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Pawlik, B.; Turnau, J.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Cendejas, R.; Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Garand, D.; Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I-K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Llope, W. J.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Chen, H. F.; Cui, X.; Guo, Y.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Yang, C.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Han, L-X.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Borowski, W.; Kabana, S.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D. L., Jr.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Djawotho, P.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Yan, W.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Engle, K. S.; Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Roy, A.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Pluta, J.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Putschke, J.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Riley, C. K.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. RI Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Kumar, Lokesh/A-6154-2010; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017 OI Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Kumar, Lokesh/0000-0002-2746-9840; Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418 FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; KISTI Center in Korea; Open Science Grid consortium; Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science; US NSF; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; Korean Research Foundation; GA; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the US DOE Office of Science, the US NSF; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; the Korean Research Foundation; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; the National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation (Grant No. NRF-2012004024), the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; and RosAtom of Russia. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG 12 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 2 AR 024906 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.90.024906 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AO3OE UT WOS:000341240300003 ER PT J AU Robinson, AC Castaneda, CA Schlessman, LJ Garcia-Moreno, EB AF Robinson, Aaron C. Castaneda, Carlos A. Schlessman, Jamie L. Garcia-Moreno, Bertrand E. TI Structural and thermodynamic consequences of burial of an artificial ion pair in the hydrophobic interior of a protein SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE electrostatics; internal charge; low-barrier hydrogen bond; dielectric constant; enzyme design ID APPARENT DIELECTRIC-CONSTANTS; BARRIER HYDROGEN-BONDS; ACID SIDE-CHAINS; PK(A) VALUES; ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS; SALT BRIDGES; ACTIVE-SITE; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE; FREE-ENERGY; RESIDUES AB An artificial charge pair buried in the hydrophobic core of staphylococcal nuclease was engineered by making the V23E and L36K substitutions. Buried individually, Glu-23 and Lys-36 both titrate with pK(a) values near 7. When buried together their pK(a) values appear to be normal. The ionizable moieties of the buried Glu-Lys pair are 2.6 angstrom apart. The interaction between them at pH 7 is worth 5 kcal/mol. Despite this strong interaction, the buried Glu-Lys pair destabilizes the protein significantly because the apparent Coulomb interaction is sufficient to offset the dehydration of only one of the two buried charges. Save for minor reorganization of dipoles and water penetration consistent with the relatively high dielectric constant reported by the buried ion pair, there is no evidence that the presence of two charges in the hydrophobic interior of the protein induces any significant structural reorganization. The successful engineering of an artificial ion pair in a highly hydrophobic environment suggests that buried Glu-Lys pairs in dehydrated environments can be charged and that it is possible to engineer charge clusters that loosely resemble catalytic sites in a scaffold protein with high thermodynamic stability, without the need for specialized structural adaptations. C1 [Robinson, Aaron C.; Castaneda, Carlos A.; Schlessman, Jamie L.; Garcia-Moreno, Bertrand E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schlessman, Jamie L.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Garcia-Moreno, EB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM bertrand@jhu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM-065197] FX NMR data were collected with the help of Dr. Ananya Majumdar in the NMR Center at Johns Hopkins University. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant GM-065197 (to B.G.-M.E.). NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 33 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 12 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 32 BP 11685 EP 11690 DI 10.1073/pnas.1402900111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM8CQ UT WOS:000340097900036 PM 25074910 ER PT J AU Sivaprakasam, V Hart, MB Jain, V Eversole, JD AF Sivaprakasam, Vasanthi Hart, Matthew B. Jain, Vaibhav Eversole, Jay D. TI Metallic-nanoparticles-enhanced fluorescence from individual micron-sized aerosol particles on-the-fly SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; INTRINSIC FLUORESCENCE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ENERGY-TRANSFER; DEPENDENCE; SILVER; CLASSIFICATION; BIOAEROSOLS; WAVELENGTH; SPECTRA AB Fluorescence spectra from individual aerosol particles that were either coated or embedded with metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) was acquired on-the-fly using 266 nm and 355 nm excitation. Using aqueous suspensions of MNPs with either polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres or dissolved proteins (tryptophan or ovalbumin), we generated PSL spheres coated with MNPs, or protein clusters embedded with MNPs as aerosols. Both enhanced and quenched fluorescence intensities were observed as a function of MNP concentration. Optimizing MNP material, size and spacing should yield enhanced sensitivity for specific aerosol materials that could be exploited to improve detection limits of single-particle, on-the-fly fluorescence or Raman based spectroscopic sensors. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Sivaprakasam, Vasanthi; Hart, Matthew B.; Eversole, Jay D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jain, Vaibhav] Alion Sci & Technol, Technol Solut Grp, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. RP Sivaprakasam, V (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Vasanthi.sivaprakasam@nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 11 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 16 DI 10.1364/OE.22.018966 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA AN6OL UT WOS:000340714100011 PM 25320983 ER PT J AU Guo, YF Princep, AJ Zhang, X Manuel, P Khalyavin, D Mazin, II Shi, YG Boothroyd, AT AF Guo, Y. F. Princep, A. J. Zhang, X. Manuel, P. Khalyavin, D. Mazin, I. I. Shi, Y. G. Boothroyd, A. T. TI Coupling of magnetic order to planar Bi electrons in the anisotropic Dirac metals AMnBi(2) (A = Sr, Ca) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG ANTIFERROMAGNETS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NEEL TEMPERATURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SRMNBI2; CAMNBI2 AB We report powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction measurements of the magnetic order in AMnBi(2) (A = Sr and Ca), two layered manganese pnictides with anisotropic Dirac fermions on a Bi square net. Both materials are found to order at T-N approximate to 300 K in k = 0 antiferromagnetic structures, with ordered Mn moments at T = 10 K of approximately 3.8 mu(B) aligned along the c axis. The magnetic structures are Neel type within the Mn-Bi layers, but the interlayer ordering is different, being antiferromagnetic in SrMnBi2 and ferromagnetic in CaMnBi2. This allows a mean-field coupling of the magnetic order to Bi electrons in CaMnBi2 but not in SrMnBi2. We find clear evidence that magnetic order influences electrical transport. First-principles calculations explain the experimental observations and suggest that the mechanism for different interlayer ordering in the two compounds is the competition between the antiferromagnetic superexchange and ferromagnetic double exchange carried by itinerant Bi electrons. C1 [Guo, Y. F.; Princep, A. J.; Boothroyd, A. T.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Zhang, X.; Shi, Y. G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Manuel, P.; Khalyavin, D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Mazin, I. I.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Guo, YF (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM ygshi@aphy.iphy.ac.cn; a.boothroyd@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Yanfeng, Guo/C-5704-2012; Khalyavin, Dmitry/E-4335-2017 OI Khalyavin, Dmitry/0000-0002-6724-7695 FU U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; 973 project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011CB921701]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11274367]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program FX We thank Prof. K. Yamaura of the National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, for performing the EPMA measurements. This work was supported by the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Work in Beijing was supported by the 973 project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2011CB921701) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11274367). I.I.M. acknowledges funding from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 11 U2 75 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 11 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 7 AR 075120 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.075120 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AO2NY UT WOS:000341162600006 ER PT J AU Breger, JC Claussen, J Walper, S Stewart, M Susumu, K Medintz, I AF Breger, Joyce C. Claussen, Jonathan Walper, Scott Stewart, Michael Susumu, Kimihiro Medintz, Igor TI Enhanced kinetics of enzymatic nanosensors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Breger, Joyce C.; Claussen, Jonathan; Walper, Scott; Medintz, Igor] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stewart, Michael; Susumu, Kimihiro] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Breger, Joyce C.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Claussen, Jonathan] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM joyce.breger.ctr@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 619-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165104149 ER PT J AU Crider, BP Allmond, JM McEllistrem, MT Peters, EE Estevez, FM Ross, TJ Vanhoy, JR Yates, SW AF Crider, Benjamin P. Allmond, James M. McEllistrem, Marcus T. Peters, Erin E. Estevez, Francisco M. Ross, Timothy J. Vanhoy, Jeffrey R. Yates, Steven W. TI Inelastic neutron scattering cross sections for Ge-76 relevant to neutrinoless double-beta decay background SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Crider, Benjamin P.; McEllistrem, Marcus T.; Estevez, Francisco M.; Ross, Timothy J.; Yates, Steven W.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Allmond, James M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Peters, Erin E.; Estevez, Francisco M.; Ross, Timothy J.; Yates, Steven W.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Vanhoy, Jeffrey R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ben.crider@uky.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 74-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167402415 ER PT J AU Daniele, MA North, SH Naciri, J Radom, K Ligler, FS Adams, AA AF Daniele, Michael A. North, Stella H. Naciri, Jawad Radom, Kathryn Ligler, Frances S. Adams, Andre A. TI Biohybrid matrices: Hydrogels formed by composite thiol click chemistries and microflow synthesis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Daniele, Michael A.; North, Stella H.; Naciri, Jawad; Adams, Andre A.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ligler, Frances S.] N Carolina State Univ, UNC NCSU Joint Dept Biomed Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Radom, Kathryn] US Naval Res Lab, Naval Res Enterprise Internship Program, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.daniele.ctr@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 718-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167406012 ER PT J AU Epshteyn, A AF Epshteyn, Albert TI Ti-Al-B-H nanopowders as high energy density fuels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Epshteyn, Albert] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM albert.epshteyn@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 915-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167401551 ER PT J AU Grochowski, MR Epshteyn, A Kidwell, DA AF Grochowski, Matthew R. Epshteyn, Albert Kidwell, David A. TI Synthesis of metal nanoparticles with a DOTA-PAMAM atomic metron template SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Grochowski, Matthew R.; Epshteyn, Albert; Kidwell, David A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.grochowski.ctr@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 53-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167400608 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Harvey, BG Yandek, GR Cambrea, LR Meylemans, HA Baldwin, LC Reams, JT Sahagun, CM Mabry, JM AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Harvey, Benjamin G. Yandek, Gregory R. Cambrea, Lee R. Meylemans, Heather A. Baldwin, Lawrence C. Reams, Josiah T. Sahagun, Christopher M. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Polycyanurates and polycarbonates based on eugenol: Alternatives to thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers based on Bisphenol A SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Yandek, Gregory R.; Mabry, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Rocket Prop Branch, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Harvey, Benjamin G.; Cambrea, Lee R.; Meylemans, Heather A.; Baldwin, Lawrence C.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Reams, Josiah T.] ERC Inc, Air Force Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Sahagun, Christopher M.] CNR, Air Force Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 743-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167406032 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Davis, MC Vij, V Yandek, GP Lamison, KR Reams, JT Haddad, TS Mabry, JM AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Davis, Matthew C. Vij, Vandana Yandek, Gregory P. Lamison, Kevin R. Reams, Josiah T. Haddad, Timothy S. Mabry, Joseph M. TI New approaches to maximizing thermo-oxidative resistance of polycyanurate networks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Yandek, Gregory P.; Mabry, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Rocket Prop Branch, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Davis, Matthew C.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Vij, Vandana; Lamison, Kevin R.; Reams, Josiah T.; Haddad, Timothy S.] ERC Inc, Air Force Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 644-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167405756 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA AF Harrison, Judith A. TI Elucidating atomic-scale wear processes in hydrocarbon-based materials via molecular dynamics and AFM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Harrison, Judith A.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jah@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 640-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165104166 ER PT J AU MacPherson, AD Mills, JA Sarjeant, JL Thompson, AW Brown, D Lin, S MacArthur, AHR AF MacPherson, Andrew D. Mills, James A. Sarjeant, Jasmine L. Thompson, Andrew W. Brown, Douglas Lin, Shirley MacArthur, Amy H. Roy TI Concurrent tandem catalytic methodologies for the transformation of aryl halides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [MacPherson, Andrew D.; Mills, James A.; Sarjeant, Jasmine L.; Thompson, Andrew W.; Brown, Douglas; Lin, Shirley; MacArthur, Amy H. Roy] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM lin@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 14-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167402483 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR Sassin, MB Long, JW Wallace, JM Chervin, CN AF Rolison, Debra R. Sassin, Megan B. Long, Jeffrey W. Wallace, Jean Marie Chervin, Christopher N. TI Building energy- and size-scalable 3D energy-storage architectures with carbon nanofoam paper SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rolison, Debra R.; Sassin, Megan B.; Long, Jeffrey W.; Wallace, Jean Marie; Chervin, Christopher N.] US Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Dept, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wallace, Jean Marie] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 542-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105350 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR AF Rolison, Debra R. TI Controlling the rates of electrochemical environments through architectural design on the nanoscale SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rolison, Debra R.] US Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 96-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165101552 ER PT J AU Thompson, T Wolfenstine, J Allen, J Johannes, M Huq, A Sakamoto, J AF Thompson, Travis Wolfenstine, Jeff Allen, Jan Johannes, Michelle Huq, Ashfia Sakamoto, Jeff TI Tetragonal vs. cubic phase stability in Al - free Ta doped Li7La3Zr2O12 garnet Li ion solid electrolyte SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Thompson, Travis; Sakamoto, Jeff] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wolfenstine, Jeff; Allen, Jan] Army Res Lab, RDRL SED C, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Johannes, Michelle] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Anacostia, VA USA. [Huq, Ashfia] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM trthompson378@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 561-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8JN UT WOS:000349165105368 ER PT J AU Yonke, BL Epshteyn, A Strobel, TA AF Yonke, Brendan L. Epshteyn, Albert Strobel, Timothy A. TI Novel routes to carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus extended solids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Yonke, Brendan L.; Epshteyn, Albert] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Strobel, Timothy A.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM albert.epshteyn@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 248 MA 183-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CA8KC UT WOS:000349167400730 ER PT J AU Degenaar, N Medin, Z Cumming, A Wijnands, R Wolff, MT Cackett, EM Miller, JM Jonker, PG Homan, J Brown, EF AF Degenaar, N. Medin, Z. Cumming, A. Wijnands, R. Wolff, M. T. Cackett, E. M. Miller, J. M. Jonker, P. G. Homan, J. Brown, E. F. TI PROBING THE CRUST OF THE NEUTRON STAR IN EXO 0748-676 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries: eclipsing; stars: individual (EXO 0748-676); stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries ID X-RAY TRANSIENT; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; COOLING LIGHT CURVES; BINARY MXB 1659-29; XMM-NEWTON; CEN X-4; QUIESCENT STATE; XTE J1701-462; KS 1731-260; TERZAN 5 AB X-ray observations of quiescent X-ray binaries have the potential to provide insight into the structure and the composition of neutron stars. EXO 0748-676 had been actively accreting for over 24 yr before its outburst ceased in late 2008. Subsequent X-ray monitoring revealed a gradual decay of the quiescent thermal emission that can be attributed to cooling of the accretion-heated neutron star crust. In this work, we report on new Chandra and Swift observations that extend the quiescent monitoring to similar or equal to 5 yr post-outburst. We find that the neutron star temperature remained at similar or equal to 117 eV between 2009 and 2011, but had decreased to similar or equal to 110 eV in 2013. This suggests that the crust has not fully cooled yet, which is supported by the lower temperature (similar or equal to 95 eV) measured similar or equal to 4 yr prior to the accretion phase in 1980. Comparing the data to thermal evolution simulations reveals that the apparent lack of cooling between 2009 and 2011 could possibly be a signature of convection driven by phase separation of light and heavy nuclei in the outer layers of the neutron star. C1 [Degenaar, N.; Miller, J. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Medin, Z.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cumming, A.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Wijnands, R.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Wolff, M. T.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cackett, E. M.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Jonker, P. G.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Jonker, P. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Homan, J.] MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Brown, E. F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Degenaar, N (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM degenaar@umich.edu OI Brown, Edward/0000-0003-3806-5339 FU NASA through Hubble Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) [HST-HF-51287.01-A]; NASA through Chandra award [GO3-14050X]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NAS8-03060, NAS 5-26555]; NSERC Discovery Grant; Office of Naval Research FX N.D. is supported by NASA through Hubble Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number HST-HF-51287.01-A from the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) contract NAS 5-26555. Support for this work was provided by the NASA through Chandra award No. GO3-14050X issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the NASA under contract NAS8-03060. A.C. is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant and is an Associate Member of the CIFAR Cosmology and Gravity program. M.T.W. is supported by the Office of Naval Research. The authors are grateful to Neil Gehrels and the Swift planning team for approving and scheduling the Swift TOO observations of EXO 0748-676. N.D., A.C., R.W., E.C., and E.B. acknowledge the hospitality of the International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland, where part of this work was carried out. The authors are grateful to the anonymous referee and Joel Fridriksson for very useful comments. NR 78 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 791 IS 1 AR 47 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/47 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AM2CY UT WOS:000339657700047 ER PT J AU Finke, JD Becker, PA AF Finke, Justin D. Becker, Peter A. TI FOURIER ANALYSIS OF BLAZAR VARIABILITY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: general; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; quasars: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID X-RAY VARIABILITY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; TIME-DEPENDENT SIMULATIONS; EXTERNAL RADIATION-FIELDS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; SELF-COMPTON MODELS; LIGHT CURVES; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS AB Blazars display strong variability on multiple timescales and in multiple radiation bands. Their variability is often characterized by power spectral densities (PSDs) and time lags plotted as functions of the Fourier frequency. We develop a new theoretical model based on the analysis of the electron transport (continuity) equation, carried out in the Fourier domain. The continuity equation includes electron cooling and escape, and a derivation of the emission properties includes light travel time effects associated with a radiating blob in a relativistic jet. The model successfully reproduces the general shapes of the observed PSDs and predicts specific PSD and time lag behaviors associated with variability in the synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton, and external Compton emission components, from submillimeter to gamma-rays. We discuss applications to BL Lacertae objects and to flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), where there are hints that some of the predicted features have already been observed. We also find that FSRQs should have steeper gamma-ray PSD power-law indices than BL Lac objects at Fourier frequencies less than or similar to 10(-4) Hz, in qualitative agreement with previously reported observations by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. C1 [Finke, Justin D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Becker, Peter A.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Finke, JD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Code 7653,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justin.finke@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX We are grateful to the anonymous referee for insightful suggestions that helped improve the discussion and presentation, and to C. Dermer for useful discussions. J.D.F. was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 791 IS 1 AR 21 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/21 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AM2CY UT WOS:000339657700021 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Vourlidas, A AF Kahler, S. W. Vourlidas, A. TI SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLAR WIND SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; solar wind; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SUPRATHERMAL SEED-PARTICLE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PEAK INTENSITIES; DRIVEN SHOCKS; CYCLE 23; HELIOSPHERE; FLARES; POPULATION AB We examine statistically some properties of 96 20 MeV gradual solar energetic proton (SEP) events as a function of three different types of solar wind (SW) as classified by Richardson and Cane. Gradual SEP (E > 10 MeV) events are produced in shocks driven by fast (V greater than or similar to 900 km s(-1)) and wide (W > 60 degrees) coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We find no differences among the transient, fast, and slow SW streams for SEP 20 MeV proton event timescales. It has recently been found that the peak intensities Ip of these SEP events scale with the similar to 2 MeV proton background intensities, which may be a proxy for the near-Sun shock seed particles. Both the intensities Ip and their 2 MeV backgrounds are significantly enhanced in transient SW compared to those of fast and slow SW streams, and the values of Ip normalized to the 2 MeV backgrounds only weakly correlate with CME V for all SW types. This result implies that forecasts of SEP events could be improved by monitoring both the Sun and the local SW stream properties and that the well known power-law size distributions of Ip may differ between transient and long-lived SW streams. We interpret an observed correlation between CME V and the 2 MeV background for SEP events in transient SW as a manifestation of enhanced solar activity. C1 [Kahler, S. W.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Vourlidas, A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM stephen.kahler@kirtland.af.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 FU AFOSR [2301RDZ4]; NASA LWS TR and T program FX S. Kahler was funded by AFOSR Task 2301RDZ4. A. Vourlidas was supported by the NASA LWS TR and T program. CME data were taken from the CDAW LASCO catalog. This CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. We thank D. Reames for the use of the EPACT proton data and I. Richardson for the use of his list of SW stream types. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2014 VL 791 IS 1 AR 4 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/4 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AM2CY UT WOS:000339657700004 ER PT J AU Photiadis, DM Goldstein, DJ Zalalutdinov, MK AF Photiadis, Douglas M. Goldstein, David J. Zalalutdinov, Maxim K. TI The effect of elastic point contact and mechanical resonators SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; DISSIPATION; NANOWIRES; STRENGTH AB We present a novel analytical treatment of nearfield elasticity effects in mechanical resonator systems, which shows that local strain fields near a point contact can be accounted for by introducing a spring-like contact impedance at appropriate interfaces. We demonstrate via experiment that such effects can cause significant shifts in resonant frequency, and predict that the local displacements give rise to an additional dissipation mechanism which can be significant. The mathematical expressions we obtain are simple enough as to be easily included in traditional engineering models that are typically used to approximate the results one would obtain via true three-dimensional elasticity theory calculations. The effects we describe are scale invariant; we briefly discuss potentially relevant biological, nanomechanical, and large-scale systems. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Photiadis, Douglas M.; Goldstein, David J.; Zalalutdinov, Maxim K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Photiadis, DM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors acknowledge J. M. Willey for providing support in carrying out the measurements, J. A. Bucaro, N. Lagakos, P. Herdic, and K. Reynolds for providing help in carrying out initial measurements, C. Carter for fabricating the samples, and K. Wahl for measuring the Young's modulus of the Cotronics EE-4461 epoxy. This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 5 AR 053507 DI 10.1063/1.4891457 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2TM UT WOS:000341178900015 ER PT J AU Willauer, HD DiMascio, F Hardy, DR Williams, FW AF Willauer, Heather D. DiMascio, Felice Hardy, Dennis R. Williams, Frederick W. TI Feasibility of CO2 Extraction from Seawater and Simultaneous Hydrogen Gas Generation Using a Novel and Robust Electrolytic Cation Exchange Module Based on Continuous Electrodeionization Technology SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW-FIBER MEMBRANES; ELECTRODIALYSIS; CARBON; EDR AB A novel, robust, and innovative electrolytic cation exchange process has been used to efficiently extract large quantities of CO2 in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate from natural seawater, and to simultaneously produce H-2 gas in quantities and ratios intended for possible future production of hydrocarbons. This indirect approach acidifies seawater by using the protons electrolytically produced by electrolysis at the anode. Electrons concurrently produced with these protons are subsequently consumed at the cathode forming hydrogen gas. The ability to degas and recover 92% [CO2](T) from natural seawater was demonstrated. The potential detrimental effects of mineral deposits on the module's electrode surfaces were successfully mitigated by cyclically changing the module electrode's polarity. This feasibility study marks the first time that CO2 has been successfully extracted on a continuous basis from natural seawater. In addition, there is no energy or economic penalty to extract CO2 from the seawater matrix, above the energy needed to produce hydrogen. C1 [Willauer, Heather D.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Williams, Frederick W.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [DiMascio, Felice] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Hardy, Dennis R.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Willauer, HD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Heather.Willauer@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research both directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory. We would like to acknowledge the NRL-Key West personnel for technical support. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 6 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 31 BP 12192 EP 12200 DI 10.1021/ie502128x PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA AM7WN UT WOS:000340079500002 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Stavn, RH Falster, AU Gray, D Gould, RW AF Zhang, Xiaodong Stavn, Robert H. Falster, Alexander U. Gray, Deric Gould, Richard W., Jr. TI New insight into particulate mineral and organic matter in coastal ocean waters through optical inversion SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE particle size distribution; suspended mineral and organic matter; particle scattering; optical inversion; volume scattering function; fractals ID VOLUME SCATTERING FUNCTION; MARINE SUBMICRON PARTICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SUSPENDED PARTICLES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; FRACTAL DIMENSIONS; SETTLING VELOCITY; BEAM ATTENUATION; TURBID WATERS AB Suspended particulate inorganic matter (PIM) and particulate organic matter (POM) often exhibit significant variation both spatially and temporally in coastal oceans. The size distributions and optical properties of these particles are poorly known. Utilizing a newly developed inversion technique from the measured angular scattering pattern, we were able to examine POM and PIM in terms of detailed particle size distributions (PSD) and optical volume scattering functions (VSF), gaining further insights and knowledge of particles that will greatly improve biogeochemical investigations and remote-sensing algorithms. We report the results on two extremes or end-members of possible coastal environments, sediment-laden, turbid Mobile Bay, Alabama, USA and biologically productive, clear water Monterey Bay, California, USA. The optically inferred mass concentrations of PIM and POM, when accounting for the fractal nature of suspended particles, agreed well with the respective gravimetric determinations within the analysis and inversion uncertainty. Despite intra- and inter-site variability, the inferred PSDs in both coastal regions commonly showed an apparent background population of PIM at radii <0.6-1 mu m overlaid by POM of radii between 2 and 20 mu m. The PSDs also saw increased contribution by PIM at radii >50 mu m. The clearly distinctive PSDs between PIM and POM provide evidence to support the Risovic two component model for suspended particulates. The shape of the VSFs, i.e., the scattering phase functions, for POM are similar between the two sites (backscattering ratio approximate to 0.0015), but the PIM in Monterey Bay exhibited a higher backscattering ratio than in Mobile Bay (backscattering ratios 0.012 vs. 0.008, respectively). At both sites, the mass-specific scattering cross section values for PIM (sigma([PIM])) are about 70-80% lower than sigma([POM]), while the mass-specific backscattering cross section values for PIM (sigma(b[PIM])) are 10-25% greater than sigma(b[POM]). (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Xiaodong] Univ N Dakota, Dept Earth Syst Sci & Policy, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Stavn, Robert H.; Gould, Richard W., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Falster, Alexander U.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Gray, Deric] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stavn, RH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, POB 26174, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. EM rhstavn@uncg.edu FU NRL; Naval Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation [EPS-081442]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX13AB20A, NNX13AN72G] FX Bradley Penta collected and filtered the water samples from Monterey Bay and Sonia Gallegos collected and filtered the water samples from Mobile Bay. Both are in the Bio-optical Physical Processes & Remote Sensing Section, Code 7331, Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS. DJG and RWG were supported by the NRL project: Determining all Intrinsic Optical Properties of Coastal Waters with an Off-nadir Airborne Hyperspectral Sensor; Bio-optical Studies of Predictability and Assimilation for the Coastal Environment. RHS was supported by Naval Research Laboratory project: Predicting Coastal Bio-optical Response to Atmospheric/Oceanographic Forcing, to RWG. XZ is supported by funding from National Science Foundation EPS-081442 and from National Aeronautics and Space Administration NNX13AB20A and NNX13AN72G. NR 80 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG 5 PY 2014 VL 149 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2014.06.003 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AW3ZF UT WOS:000346220800001 ER PT J AU Forouhar, S Borgentun, C Frez, C Briggs, RM Bagheri, M Canedy, CL Kim, CS Kim, M Bewley, WW Merritt, CD Abell, J Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Forouhar, S. Borgentun, C. Frez, C. Briggs, R. M. Bagheri, M. Canedy, C. L. Kim, C. S. Kim, M. Bewley, W. W. Merritt, C. D. Abell, J. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. TI Reliable mid-infrared laterally-coupled distributed-feedback interband cascade lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER AB We report on the performance and reliability of laterally-coupled distributed-feedback (DFB) interband cascade lasers designed to operate at 3.6 mu m wavelength. A two-step ridge etch process ensures single-transverse-mode operation with minimal lateral current spreading, and a secondorder Bragg grating etched alongside the ridge waveguide imposes single-mode DFB operation. Life tests performed on four randomly selected lasers, continuously operating at 40 degrees C with output power >10 mW, showed no measurable degradation after each laser was operated continuously for more than 1500 h. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Forouhar, S.; Borgentun, C.; Frez, C.; Briggs, R. M.; Bagheri, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Canedy, C. L.; Kim, C. S.; Bewley, W. W.; Merritt, C. D.; Abell, J.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, M.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Forouhar, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM siamak.forouhar@jpl.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 5 AR 051110 DI 10.1063/1.4892655 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2LE UT WOS:000341153000010 ER PT J AU Vyas, KJ Limneos, J Qin, HF Mathews, WC AF Vyas, Kartavya J. Limneos, Joanne Qin, Huifang Mathews, William C. TI Assessing baseline religious practices and beliefs to predict adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected persons SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE religion; antiretroviral medications; HAART; adherence; HIV ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; BREAST-CANCER; HEALTH; DISEASE; MODEL AB The efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is dependent upon moderately high levels of adherence; however, predicting adherence before HAART initiation can be difficult. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study among 350 HIV-infected adults attending a HIV clinic in San Diego, CA (USA) from January 2010 to December 2011 to examine both established and novel predictors of adherence, including religious practices and beliefs. Statistically significant (p < .05) variables identified in bivariate analyses were included in multivariate analyses predicting >= 90% adherence. Higher annual household income (p = .004) and religious affiliation (p = .031) were predictive of greater adherence. Participants who said their beliefs gave meaning to their lives, made them feel they had a connection with a higher being, were influential during their recovery, and helped them feel connected to humanity were more likely to be >= 90% adherent (p < .015). Conversely, participants who believed God created all things in the universe; that God will not turn his back on them; and those who regularly attended religious services, participated in religious rituals, and prayed and meditated to get in touch with God were less likely to be >= 90% adherent (p <= .025). Results indicate that a patient's religious beliefs and practices may predict medication adherence. Interventions should be designed to emphasize the use of positive religious coping strategies and address the adverse implications of religious fatalism. C1 [Vyas, Kartavya J.; Limneos, Joanne; Qin, Huifang; Mathews, William C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Owen Clin, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Vyas, Kartavya J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. [Vyas, Kartavya J.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Mathews, William C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Vyas, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Owen Clin, 225 Dickinson St, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM kartavya.vyas@med.navy.mil RI Mathews, William/E-4451-2010 OI Mathews, William/0000-0002-2352-0725 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 EI 1360-0451 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD AUG 3 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 8 BP 983 EP 987 DI 10.1080/09540121.2014.882486 PG 5 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA AH1LL UT WOS:000335882200008 PM 24499276 ER PT J AU Duly, TM Huba, JD Makela, JJ AF Duly, Timothy M. Huba, Joseph D. Makela, Jonathan J. TI Self-consistent generation of MSTIDs within the SAMI3 numerical model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES; MIDLATITUDE F-REGION; PERKINS INSTABILITY EQUATIONS; EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; AIRGLOW; MESOSCALE; ELECTRODYNAMICS; TUTORIAL; DYNAMICS AB In this study, we use the three-dimensional, physics-based numerical model, SAMI3 (Sami3 is Another Model of the Ionosphere), to self-consistently generate nighttime, electrified, medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) at midlatitudes. These are the first numerical simulations to use the fundamental, physics-based equations in a full flux tube model for the self-consistent generation of MSTIDs. We show that a random perturbation results in the development of modes consistent with the Perkins instability and that the growth rate of a specified k perturbation agrees well with linear theory. We also present synthetic observations of MSTIDs: total electron content, integrated 630.0 nm airglow emission, E x B drift, and electron density. The modeling results show the signature of the instability in the geomagnetic conjugate hemisphere, which has been previously observed experimentally. The qualitative descriptions of the E x B drift and electron density profiles of the MSTIDs provided by SAMI3 are found to be consistent with experimental studies of MSTIDs found in the literature. C1 [Duly, Timothy M.; Makela, Jonathan J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. [Huba, Joseph D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Duly, TM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. EM duly2@illinois.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0350]; NRL 6.1 Base Funds FX T.M.D. thanks the Naval Research Laboratory and the Campus Cluster Program at the University of Illinois for computational resources. Work at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign was supported by the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-13-1-0350. Support for J.D.H. has been provided by NRL 6.1 Base Funds. For distribution of the data used in this study, please contact the corresponding author. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 DI 10.1002/2014JA020146 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT3BJ UT WOS:000344809600051 ER PT J AU Emmert, JT McDonald, SE Drob, DP Meier, RR Lean, JL Picone, JM AF Emmert, J. T. McDonald, S. E. Drob, D. P. Meier, R. R. Lean, J. L. Picone, J. M. TI Attribution of interminima changes in the global thermosphere and ionosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON CONTENTS TECS; SOLAR EUV FLUX; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MODEL; INDEX; ATMOSPHERE; SATELLITE; TRENDS; MESOSPHERE; MINIMUM AB We present a statistical attribution analysis of the changes in global annual average thermospheric mass density and ionospheric total electron content (TEC) between the cycle 22/23 solar minimum (which occurred at epoch 1996.4) and the prolonged cycle 23/24 minimum (2008.8). The mass density data are derived from orbital drag, and the TEC data are derived from ground-based GPS receivers. The interminima change in mass density was -36% relative to the 1996.4 yearly average. Considering each multiplicative forcing independently, lower average geomagnetic activity during the cycle 23/24 minimum produced an interminima density change of at least -14%, solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance forcing produced a density change of -1% to -13%, and changes in thermospheric CO2 concentration produced a density change of -5%. There was essentially no interminima change in global TEC derived from ground-based GPS receivers or space-based altimeters, even though past behavior suggests that it should have changed -3% (0.2 TEC units (1 TECU= 10(16) el m(-2))) in response to lower geomagnetic activity and -1% to -9% (0.1-0.8 TECU) in response to lower EUV irradiance. There is large uncertainty in the interminima change of solar EUV irradiance; the mass density and TEC data suggest a plausible range of 0% to -6%. C1 [Emmert, J. T.; McDonald, S. E.; Drob, D. P.; Lean, J. L.] US Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Meier, R. R.; Picone, J. M.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Emmert, JT (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.emmert@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA's Causes and Consequences of the Minimum of Solar Cycle 24 Program [NNH10AN62I]; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by NASA's Causes and Consequences of the Minimum of Solar Cycle 24 Program (grant NNH10AN62I) and by the Office of Naval Research. We thank the organizers of the April 2013 Chapman Conference on Causes and Consequences of the Extended Solar Minimum Between Solar Cycles 23 and 24 (4CESM) for inviting us to present the results that formed the basis of this paper. We are also very grateful for the multidisciplinary data sources and models available for our use in this study. We obtained the data and models from the following sources: Orbit data, www.space-track.org; TEC, ftp://ftp.unibe.ch/aiub/CODE/, ftp://podaac-ftp.jpl.nasa.gov/alldata/jason1, ftp://podaac-ftp.jpl.nasa.gov/alldata/topex/; F10.7 and Kp, ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/STP/GEOMAGNETIC_DATA/INDICES/KP_AP/; MgIIVR, R. Viereck, personal communication; SOHO/SEM, http://www.usc.edu/dept/space_science/semdatafolder/long/daily_avg/; sunspot number, http://sidc.oma.be/sunspot-data/dailyssn.php; Mauna Loa CO2, http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/#mlo_data; AE, PCN, and Dst, solar wind, and interplanetary magnetic field, http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/html/ow_data.html; TIMED/SEE, ftp://laspftp.colorado.edu/pub/SEE_Data/level3/; TIMED/SABER, M. Mlynczak, personal communication; NCAR TIE-GCM, http://www.hao.ucar.edu/modeling/tgcm/. NR 75 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 DI 10.1002/2013JA019484 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT3BJ UT WOS:000344809600046 ER PT J AU Yamazaki, Y Richmond, AD Maute, A Liu, HL Pedatella, N Sassi, F AF Yamazaki, Y. Richmond, A. D. Maute, A. Liu, H. -L. Pedatella, N. Sassi, F. TI On the day-to-day variation of the equatorial electrojet during quiet periods SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SQ CURRENT SYSTEM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; COUNTER ELECTROJET; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; SEMIDIURNAL TIDES; DAY VARIABILITY; SOLAR TIDES; WINDS; CURRENTS AB It has been known for a long time that the equatorial electrojet varies from day to day even when solar and geomagnetic activities are very low. The quiet time day-to-day variation is considered to be due to irregular variability of the neutral wind, but little is known about how variable winds drive the electrojet variability. We employ a numerical model introduced by Liu et al. (2013), which takes into account weather changes in the lower atmosphere and thus can reproduce ionospheric variability due to forcing from below. The simulation is run for May and June 2009. Constant solar and magnetospheric energy inputs are used so that day-to-day changes will arise only from lower atmospheric forcing. The simulated electrojet current shows day-to-day variability of +/- 25%, which produces day-to-day variations in ground level geomagnetic perturbations near the magnetic equator. The current system associated with the day-to-day variation of the equatorial electrojet is traced based on a covariance analysis. The current pattern reveals return flow at both sides of the electrojet, in agreement with those inferred from ground-based magnetometer data in previous studies. The day-to-day variation in the electrojet current is compared with those in the neutral wind at various altitudes, latitudes, and longitudes. It is found that the electrojet variability is dominated by the zonal wind at 100-120 km altitudes near the magnetic equator. These results suggest that the response of the zonal polarization electric field to variable zonal winds is the main source of the day-to-day variation of the equatorial electrojet during quiet periods. C1 [Yamazaki, Y.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. [Yamazaki, Y.; Richmond, A. D.; Maute, A.; Liu, H. -L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Pedatella, N.] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, COSMIC Program Off, Boulder, CO USA. [Sassi, F.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Yamazaki, Y (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. EM y.yamazaki@lancaster.ac.uk RI Liu, Han-Li/A-9549-2008; Yamazaki, Yosuke/J-9484-2015; Pedatella, Nicholas/Q-2242-2015; OI Liu, Han-Li/0000-0002-6370-0704; Yamazaki, Yosuke/0000-0002-7624-4752; Pedatella, Nicholas/0000-0002-8878-5126; Sassi, Fabrizio/0000-0002-9492-7434 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); NASA [NNX09AN57G, NNX09AJ83G, NNX13AF77G]; NSF [AGS1138784]; NASA/LWS [NNH12AT21L]; ONR 6.1 base funding; DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the U.S. Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center (NAVO); National Science Foundation FX We thank Qian Wu for his comments on a draft of this paper. The solar activity index F10.7 was provided by the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics. Geomagnetic indicies Kp and Dst were provided by World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto. The numerical data from the simulation will be made available upon request. Y.Y. was supported by a research fellowship of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for research abroad. A. R., A. M., and H. L. were supported in part by NASA grant NNX09AN57G and NSF grant AGS1138784. A. R. and H. L. were also supported by NASA grant NNX09AJ83G. A. M. was also supported by NASA grant NNX13AF77G. F. S. and H. L. were partially supported by NASA/LWS grant NNH12AT21L. In addition, F. S. was also supported by ONR 6.1 base funding. WACCM-X simulations were supported by a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the U.S. Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center (NAVO). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 86 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 DI 10.1002/2014JA020243 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AT3BJ UT WOS:000344809600069 ER PT J AU Ngo, HT Rakvic, RN Broussard, RP Ives, RW AF Ngo, Hau T. Rakvic, Ryan N. Broussard, Randy P. Ives, Robert W. TI Resource-Aware Architecture Design and Implementation of Hough Transform for a Real-time Iris Boundary Detection System SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE circular Hough transform; iris detection and recognition; parallel and pipelined architecture; FPGA ID GAZE TRACKING SYSTEM; FPGA; ALGORITHM; PERFORMANCE AB In this paper, a resource efficient architecture design for the circular Hough transform based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology is presented. The circular Hough transform is implemented to detect iris boundary in a binary edge image. A novel modular design is proposed to reduce the required memory space by 93% compared to the direct implementation while maintaining a high detection rate over 92%. The parallel-pipelined implementation of the proposed architecture demonstrates a high speed processing capability that is suitable to support real-time iris recognition in resource constrained systems. Therefore, the proposed technology can be used in portable consumer devices such as mobile phones and tablets where iris recognition application is involved(1). C1 [Ngo, Hau T.; Rakvic, Ryan N.; Ives, Robert W.] US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Broussard, Randy P.] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ngo, HT (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ngo@usna.edu; rakvic@usna.edu; broussar@usna.edu; ives@usna.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0098-3063 EI 1558-4127 J9 IEEE T CONSUM ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 60 IS 3 BP 485 EP 492 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AS6HK UT WOS:000344364700025 ER PT J AU Yager, RR Petry, FE AF Yager, Ronald R. Petry, Frederick E. TI Hypermatching: Similarity Matching With Extreme Values SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Attribute importance; extreme values; hypermatching; Jaccard index; similarity; Yager-Petry index ID TRIANGLE INEQUALITY; INDEX; MODEL AB An approach is developed for object similarity to support a focus on the role of extreme values in object matching, which is termed hypermatching. Importance weights are first introduced to the matching and variations formulated for objects that do not share all the same attributes. Extreme attribute values are considered by introducing amplification of attribute importance and several significant cases examined. The objects can both possess the same or different extreme valued attributes. Another case is where one object may have an extreme attribute, which the other object does not have. Then, the analysis of the effect of multiple extreme attributes is presented. Finally for attributes with 0-1 values (features), similarity matching is considered and a closed form solution for the similarity is developed. This provides the basis for the Yager-Petry index, which is then compared with the Jaccard similarity index. C1 [Yager, Ronald R.] Iona Coll, Inst Machine Intelligence, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. [Petry, Frederick E.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Yager, Ronald R.] Natl Sci Fdn, Informat Sci Program, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Yager, Ronald R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yager, Ronald R.] New York Acad Sci, New York, NY USA. [Petry, Frederick E.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Petry, Frederick E.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Petry, Frederick E.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Yager, RR (reprint author), Iona Coll, Inst Machine Intelligence, New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA. EM yager@panix.com; fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program [0602435N]; Office of Naval Research [N000141010121] FX This work was supported in part by the Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program under Program 0602435N and in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N000141010121. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6706 EI 1941-0034 J9 IEEE T FUZZY SYST JI IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 22 IS 4 BP 949 EP 957 DI 10.1109/TFUZZ.2013.2278988 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AT0ZB UT WOS:000344661600019 ER PT J AU Warner, JH McMorrow, D Buchner, S Boos, JB Bennett, BR Cress, CD Champlain, JG Roche, NJH Paillet, P Gaillardin, M AF Warner, Jeffrey H. McMorrow, Dale Buchner, Stephen Boos, J. Brad Bennett, Brian R. Cress, Cory D. Champlain, James G. Roche, Nicolas J. -H. Paillet, Philippe Gaillardin, Marc TI Ion-Induced Charge-Collection Transients in p-Channel AlGaSb/InGaSb Heterojunction Field-Effect Transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS) CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Synergy Hlth plc, RADECS Assoc, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, AWE, Intersil, Peregrine Semicond DE AlGaSb; charge collection; charge enhancement; electron trapping; field effect transistor (FET); GaAs; heavy ions; high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT); heterojunction field-effect transistor (HFET); InAs; InGaSb; metal-semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET); protons; quantum well; Schottky barrier gate; single-electron transistor (SET) cross section; single-event transients ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; HEMTS; SEMICONDUCTORS; PERFORMANCE; DEPENDENCE AB Ion-induced, time-resolved charge-collection measurements for p-channel AlGaSb/InGaSb field-effect transistors are reported for a range of gate and drain bias conditions. The transient response reveals two distinct contributions: a faster initial response (< 1 ns) followed by a slower, > 10 ns, relaxation. The slower contribution depends sensitively on the applied gate bias, is suppressed when the gate is made more positive toward depletion, and is identified with an enhanced source-drain current in which more charge is collected than is deposited by the ion. A model consistent with the experimental measurements suggests that the dynamics of the enhancement processes are associated with the trapping and detrapping dynamics of electrons in the AlGaSb barrier materials. C1 [Warner, Jeffrey H.; McMorrow, Dale; Buchner, Stephen; Boos, J. Brad; Bennett, Brian R.; Cress, Cory D.; Champlain, James G.; Roche, Nicolas J. -H.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Roche, Nicolas J. -H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Paillet, Philippe; Gaillardin, Marc] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Single-event-effects@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1510 EP 1515 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2307490 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AR9WT UT WOS:000343928100003 ER PT J AU Davis, JA Guatelli, S Petasecca, M Lerch, MLF Reinhard, MI Zaider, M Ziegler, J Rosenfeld, AB AF Davis, Jeremy A. Guatelli, Susanna Petasecca, Marco Lerch, Michael L. F. Reinhard, Mark I. Zaider, Marco Ziegler, James Rosenfeld, Anatoly B. TI Tissue Equivalence Study of a Novel Diamond-Based Microdosimeter for Galactic Cosmic Rays and Solar Particle Events SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS) CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Synergy Hlth plc, RADECS Assoc, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, AWE, Intersil, Peregrine Semicond DE Diamond; Geant4; microdosimetry; space radiation protection; tissue equivalence ID SPACE; ENVIRONMENTS; PROTONS; TOOLKIT; PHYSICS AB Radiation detectors based on diamond are attractive for radiation protection applications in space and aviation due to their radiation hardness, large breakdown voltage, fast signal collection, and low noise, thus representing a valid alternative to silicon-based detector devices. In this paper, we study the tissue equivalence of diamond in proton and alpha particle radiation fields typical of galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events. We determine a method to convert microdosimetric response from diamond to water by means of Geant4 simulations. Results are presented showing that a simple geometrical scaling factor (similar to 0.32) of linear dimensions is adequate to convert experimentally obtained microdosimetric energy deposition spectra in diamond to equivalent microdosimetric energy deposition spectra in water. C1 [Davis, Jeremy A.; Guatelli, Susanna; Petasecca, Marco; Lerch, Michael L. F.; Rosenfeld, Anatoly B.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Radiat Phys, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia. [Reinhard, Mark I.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Sydney, NSW 2500, Australia. [Zaider, Marco] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Ziegler, James] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Davis, JA (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Radiat Phys, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia. EM jad028@uow.edu.au; susanna@uow.edu.au; marcop@uow.edu.au; mlerch@uow.edu.au; mark.rein-hard@ansto.gov.au; zaiderm@mskcc.org; ziegler@SRIM.org; anatoly@uow.edu.au OI Zaider, Marco/0000-0002-5113-7862 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1544 EP 1551 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2298032 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AR9WT UT WOS:000343928100008 ER PT J AU Tran, LT Guatelli, S Prokopovich, DA Petasecca, M Lerch, MLF Reinhard, MI Ziegler, JF Zaider, M Rosenfeld, AB AF Tran, Linh T. Guatelli, Susanna Prokopovich, Dale A. Petasecca, Marco Lerch, Michael L. F. Reinhard, Mark I. Ziegler, James F. Zaider, Marco Rosenfeld, Anatoly B. TI A Novel Silicon Microdosimeter Using 3D Sensitive Volumes: Modeling the Response in Neutron Fields Typical of Aviation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS) CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Synergy Hlth plc, RADECS Assoc, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, AWE, Intersil, Peregrine Semicond DE 3D sensitive volume; microdosimetry; Monte Carlo; neutrons ID TISSUE EQUIVALENCE CORRECTION; SOLID-STATE MICRODOSIMETRY; CHARGE COLLECTION; SOI MICRODOSIMETER; SPACE APPLICATIONS; DETECTORS; FABRICATION; THERAPY; ARRAYS AB A 4th generation silicon microdosimeter has been designed by the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP) at the University of Wollongong using three dimensional (3D) Sensitive Volumes (SVs). This new microdosimeter design has the advantage of well-defined 3D SVs as well as the elimination of lateral charge diffusion by removal of silicon laterally adjacent to the 3D SVs. The gaps between the sensitive volumes are to be back-filled with PolyMethyl MethAcrylate (PMMA) to produce a surrounding tissue equivalent medium. The advantage of this design avoids the generation of secondary particles from inactive silicon lateral to SVs. The response of the microdosimeter to the neutron field from, Cf-252, Pu-Be sources and an avionic radiation environment were simulated using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit for design optimisation. The simulated energy deposition in the SVs from the neutron fields and microdosimetric spectra is presented. The simulation study shows a significant reduction in silicon nuclear recoil contribution to the energy deposition for the novel microdosimeter design. The reduction of silicon recoil events from outside of the SV's will consequently reduce the uncertainty in the calculated dose equivalent. The simulations have demonstrated that a 3D silicon microdosimeter surrounded by PMMA can produce microdosimetric spectra similar to those of a tissue equivalent microdosimeter. C1 [Tran, Linh T.; Guatelli, Susanna; Petasecca, Marco; Lerch, Michael L. F.; Rosenfeld, Anatoly B.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Radiat Phys, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Prokopovich, Dale A.; Reinhard, Mark I.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Mat Engn, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. [Zaider, Marco] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Ziegler, James F.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Tran, LT (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Radiat Phys, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. EM tlt822@uowmail.edu.au; susanna@uow.edu.au; dpr@ansto.gov.au; marcop@uow.edu.au; mlerch@uow.edu.au; mrz@ansto.gov.au; Ziegler@SRIM.org; anatoly@uow.edu.au OI Zaider, Marco/0000-0002-5113-7862 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1552 EP 1557 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2298461 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AR9WT UT WOS:000343928100009 ER PT J AU Roig, F Dusseau, L Ribeiro, P Auriel, G Roche, NJH Privat, A Vaille, JR Boch, J Saigne, F Marec, R Calvel, P Bezerra, F Ecoffet, R Azais, B AF Roig, Fabien Dusseau, L. Ribeiro, P. Auriel, G. Roche, N. J-H. Privat, A. Vaille, J. -R. Boch, J. Saigne, F. Marec, R. Calvel, P. Bezerra, F. Ecoffet, R. Azais, B. TI Study and Modeling of the Impact of TID on the ATREE Response in LM124 Operational Amplifier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS) CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Synergy Hlth plc, RADECS Assoc, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, AWE, Intersil, Peregrine Semicond DE Bipolar analog integrated circuits; circuit modeling; ionizing dose; single event transient; transient radiation effects; transient response; X-ray effects ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; IONIZING-RADIATION; IRRADIATION; ASETS; TREE AB Shapes of ATREEs (Analog Transient Radiation Effects on Electronics) in a bipolar integrated circuit change with exposure to Total Ionizing Dose (TID) radiation. The impact of TID on ATREEs is investigated in the LM124 operational amplifier (opamp) from three different manufacturers. Significant variations are observed on the ATREE responses from different manufacturers. The ATREEs are produced by pulsed X-ray experiments. ASET laser mappings are performed to highlight the sensitive bipolar transistors, explaining the ATREE phenomena variations from one manufacturer to another one. ATREE modeling results are presented using a previously developed simulation tool. A good agreement is observed between experimental ATREE responses and model outputs whatever the TID level, the prompt dose level, the amplifier configuration and the device manufacturer. C1 [Roig, Fabien; Ribeiro, P.; Auriel, G.] Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, CEA Gramat, F-46500 Gramat, France. [Roig, Fabien; Dusseau, L.; Privat, A.; Vaille, J. -R.; Boch, J.; Saigne, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, IES UMR CNRS 5214, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Roche, N. J-H.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Marec, R.; Calvel, P.] Thales Alenia Space, F-31037 Toulouse 1, France. [Bezerra, F.; Ecoffet, R.] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. [Azais, B.] DGA, F-92221 Bagneux, France. RP Roig, F (reprint author), Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, CEA Gramat, F-46500 Gramat, France. EM Fabien.Roig@CEA.fr NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1603 EP 1610 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2306211 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AR9WT UT WOS:000343928100016 ER PT J AU Gaillardin, M Raine, M Duhamel, O Girard, S Paillet, P McMorrow, D Warner, JH Andrieu, F Barraud, S Faynot, O Roche, NJH AF Gaillardin, M. Raine, M. Duhamel, O. Girard, S. Paillet, P. McMorrow, D. Warner, J. H. Andrieu, F. Barraud, S. Faynot, O. Roche, N. J-H. TI Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Strain and Silicon Film Thickness on Charge Collection Mechanisms of Nanometer Scaled SOI Devices Under Heavy Ion and Pulsed Laser Irradiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS) CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Synergy Hlth plc, RADECS Assoc, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, AWE, Intersil, Peregrine Semicond DE Charge collection; fully depleted (FD); heavy ion; mechanical stress; pulsed laser; silicon on insulator (SOI); single-event effects (SEE); single-event transient (SET); strained silicon; ultra-thin SOI (UTSOI) ID SIGE HBTS; TRANSIENTS; DEPENDENCE; MODE AB We investigate the impact of performance boosters using mechanical stress on the Single-Event Transient (SET) response of nanometer scaled Fully-Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) devices. Laser SET measurements show that the active silicon layer thickness is the most important contributor to the SET response of highly scaled Ultra-Thin SOI (UTSOI) devices compared to the impact of strain. This is then demonstrated by dedicated TCAD calculations performed without taking into account any strain engineering technique. Finally, heavy ion-induced charge collection mechanisms are analyzed through the measurement of fast transients to get additional insights into the impact of short channel effects on the SET response of nanometer scaled SOI devices. C1 [Gaillardin, M.; Raine, M.; Duhamel, O.; Paillet, P.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Girard, S.] Univ St Etienne, UMR CNRS 5516, Lab H Curien, F-42000 St Etienne, France. [McMorrow, D.; Warner, J. H.; Roche, N. J-H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Andrieu, F.; Barraud, S.; Faynot, O.] CEA Grenoble, LETI Minatec, F-38000 Grenoble, France. [Roche, N. J-H.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Gaillardin, M (reprint author), CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. EM marc.gaillardin@cea.fr RI Andrieu, Francois/E-8773-2015 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1628 EP 1634 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2314143 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AR9WT UT WOS:000343928100019 ER PT J AU Kelly, AT Alles, ML Ball, DR Massengill, LW Ramaswamy, S Haddad, NF Brown, RD Fleming, PR Chan, E Ekanayake, V Kelly, CW Pelosi, C McMorrow, D Buchner, SP Warner, JH Berg, MD AF Kelly, Andrew T. Alles, Michael L. Ball, Dennis R. Massengill, Lloyd W. Ramaswamy, S. Haddad, Nadim F. Brown, Ronald D. Fleming, Patrick R. Chan, Ernesto Ekanayake, Virantha Kelly, Clinton W. Pelosi, Christopher McMorrow, Dale Buchner, Steven P. Warner, Jeffery H. Berg, Melanie D. TI Mitigation of Single-Event Charge Sharing in a Commercial FPGA Architecture SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS) CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL Oxford, ENGLAND SP Synergy Hlth plc, RADECS Assoc, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, AWE, Intersil, Peregrine Semicond DE Charge sharing; radiation hardening by design; RHFGPA; single event effects ID NM CMOS TECHNOLOGY; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; POTENTIAL MODULATION; WELL CONTACTS; THROUGH-WAFER; COLLECTION; LASER; UPSET AB The motivation for single event effects (SEE) analysis and mitigation as part of the process for adaptation of a commercial Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) architecture for space-qualified applications is discussed. The interdependent roles of heavy-ion and laser-induced upset evaluation coupled with computer-aided investigations of SEE mechanisms and mitigation techniques in this process are shown to enable a significant reduction in SEE sensitivity of the device, while achieving minimal impact on remanufacturing steps. C1 [Kelly, Andrew T.; Ramaswamy, S.; Haddad, Nadim F.; Brown, Ronald D.; Fleming, Patrick R.; Chan, Ernesto] BAE Syst, Manassas, VA 22201 USA. [Alles, Michael L.; Ball, Dennis R.; Massengill, Lloyd W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Ekanayake, Virantha; Kelly, Clinton W.; Pelosi, Christopher] Achronix Semicond Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [McMorrow, Dale; Buchner, Steven P.; Warner, Jeffery H.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Berg, Melanie D.] MEI Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kelly, AT (reprint author), BAE Syst, Manassas, VA 22201 USA. EM andrew.kelly1@baesystems.com; mike.alles@vanderbilt.edu; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; melanie.d.berg@nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1635 EP 1642 DI 10.1109/TNS.2014.2338397 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AR9WT UT WOS:000343928100020 ER PT J AU Dixon, MJ Walsman, MC AF Dixon, Michael J. Walsman, Matthew C. TI Using Behavioral Research to Design Better Customer Experiences SO CORNELL HOSPITALITY QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE operations management; operations; consumer behavior; marketing and sales; other operations ID MEMORIES; TIME; PAIN AB In the recently published book-The Customer Service Solution-authors Sriram Dasu and Richard Chase write that successful operation of service firms is critically tied to the implicit, or psychological, outcomes of a service offering. Based on behavioral science and psychology research, they focus on ways that service providers can influence customers' affective response to service. They suggest ways to design services that are trusted, emotionally positive, and memorable by managing sequences, duration, choices, and attributions. Principles for sequencing services include getting unpleasant parts over with early on, segmenting pleasurable experiences, combining the unpleasant events, and building to a strong finish. Giving customers control over some parts of the service process improves their satisfaction, as does controlling the perceptions of a service's duration. C1 [Dixon, Michael J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. [Walsman, Matthew C.] Cornell Univ, Sch Hotel Adm, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Walsman, MC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Hotel Adm, 455 Statler Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mcw237@cornell.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 23 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1938-9655 EI 1938-9663 J9 CORNELL HOSP Q JI Cornell Hosp. Q. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 55 IS 3 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1177/1938965514538703 PG 7 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Management; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Business & Economics; Sociology GA AQ3DG UT WOS:000342668600002 ER PT J AU Heeb, N Gutmark, E Kailasanath, K AF Heeb, N. Gutmark, E. Kailasanath, K. TI An experimental investigation of the flow dynamics of streamwise vortices of various strengths interacting with a supersonic jet SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-ASSOCIATED NOISE; AXISYMMETRICAL JET; NOZZLES; FIELD; REDUCTION; CHEVRONS AB The results of an experimental study involving the introduction of streamwise vorticity into a supersonic jet are presented. Both streamwise and cross stream PIV measurements of a baseline jet and three vortex generator configurations of varied penetration were acquired in the overexpanded, ideally expanded, and underexpanded regimes. Streamwise vortex pairs were shown to persist no further than two diameters downstream independent of initial magnitude. Integration of the modulus of streamwise vorticity was shown to better correlate with secondary flow field modifications than maximum values. Reductions in shock cell spacing and downstream turbulence, and increases in initial spread rate and upstream integrated turbulence were correlated with increases in streamwise vorticity for all operating conditions. Streamwise vorticity was shown to achieve opposite effects on shock strength in the over/under expanded regimes due to introduction of secondary shock structures in the underexpanded case. Additionally, limited effect on potential core length was quantified. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Heeb, N.; Gutmark, E.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. [Kailasanath, K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heeb, N (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. EM heebns@mail.uc.edu; gutmarej@ucmail.uc.edu; kailas@lcp.nrl.navy.mil OI Gutmark, Ephraim/0000-0001-7816-4257 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Jet Noise Reduction (JNR) Project under the Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) program FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Jet Noise Reduction (JNR) Project under the Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) program. N. Heeb would like to thank the Ohio Space Grant Consortium (OSGC) for personal support during this work. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD AUG PY 2014 VL 26 IS 8 AR 086102 DI 10.1063/1.4892008 PG 25 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA AQ5LY UT WOS:000342851900044 ER PT J AU Jordan, SA AF Jordan, Stephen A. TI A simple model of axisymmetric turbulent boundary layers along long thin circular cylinders SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID WALL-PRESSURE-FLUCTUATIONS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; AXIAL-FLOW; VELOCITY; NUMBERS; STRESS AB Useful empirical and semi-empirical models of the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) and skin friction evolution along planar geometries are not applicable for axisymmetric thin cylinder flows. Their dissimilarity is readily detectable once the TBL thickness exceeds the cylinder radius (a). Although several recent empirically based axisymmetric models recognize this fact, their acceptable fidelity is either restrictive or deficient for general applicability. Herein, we correct this deficit by building a simple model for the specific canonical class of axisymmetric turbulent flows along long thin cylinders with a zero streamwise pressure gradient. Streamwise growth of the TBL thickness (delta/a), integral scales [displacement (delta*/a) and momentum thicknesses (theta/a)] and skin friction coefficient (C-f) can be estimated along the cylinder length via the respective axial mean velocity profile in wall units. This profile is given by Spalding's formula with algebraic expressions for the two input parameters (kappa, kappa beta) that cover all turbulent Reynolds numbers. The necessary database for empirically tuning Spalding's parameters entails both experimental measurements and new numerical computations. Our present-day understanding of the axisymmetric TBL is replicated by the simple model where delta/a, delta*/a, and./a grow slower than the planar-type flow with Cf comparatively elevating once delta/a > O(1). These differences manifest themselves in the radial impact imposed by the thin cylinder transverse curvature. Interestingly, the axial-based Reynolds numbers Re-a approximate to 7500 and a(+) approximate to 350 at delta/a approximate to 21 mark earliest signs of a homogeneous streamwise state (constant C-f) near the cylinder wall. Owning a simple model of axisymmetric turbulent flows along thin cylinders eliminates expensive and timely experiments and/or computations. Its practicality targets both the Naval and oceanographic communities. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Jordan, SA (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM stephen.jordan@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001413AF00002]; In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Ronald D. Joslin, Program Officer), Contract No. N0001413AF00002, and the In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program (Dr. Anthony A. Ruffa and Neil J. Dubois, Program Coordinators) at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD AUG PY 2014 VL 26 IS 8 AR 085110 DI 10.1063/1.4893541 PG 24 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA AQ5LY UT WOS:000342851900041 ER PT J AU Yu, EP Velikovich, AL Maron, Y AF Yu, Edmund P. Velikovich, A. L. Maron, Y. TI Application of one-dimensional stagnation solutions to three-dimensional simulation of compact wire array in absence of radiation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID Z-PINCH IMPLOSIONS; SELF-SIMILAR OSCILLATIONS; K-SHELL RADIATION; DENSITY Z-PINCHES; X-RAY-EMISSION; ENERGY DEPOSITION; ATOMIC-NUMBER; PLASMA; PHYSICS; GENERATION AB We investigate the stagnation phase of a three-dimensional (3D), magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a compact, tungsten wire-array Z pinch, under the simplifying assumption of negligible radiative loss. In particular, we address the ability of one-dimensional (1D) analytic theory to describe the time evolution of spatially averaged plasma properties from 3D simulation. The complex fluid flows exhibited in the stagnated plasma are beyond the scope of 1D theory and result in centrifugal force as well as enhanced thermal transport. Despite these complications, a 1D homogeneous (i.e., shockless) stagnation solution can capture the increase of on-axis density and pressure during the initial formation of stagnated plasma. Later, when the stagnated plasma expands outward into the imploding plasma, a 1D shock solution describes the decrease of on-axis density and pressure, as well as the growth of the shock accretion region. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Yu, Edmund P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Velikovich, A. L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Maron, Y.] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Yu, EP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM epyu@sandia.gov NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2014 VL 21 IS 8 AR 082703 DI 10.1063/1.4891844 PG 22 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AQ4IZ UT WOS:000342760600048 ER PT J AU Belden, J Jandron, M AF Belden, Jesse Jandron, Michael TI An optical sensor for detecting the contact location of a gas-liquid interface on a body SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LEVEL SENSOR; UNDERWATER AB An optical sensor for detecting the dynamic contact location of a gas-liquid interface along the length of a body is described. The sensor is developed in the context of applications to supercavitating bodies requiring measurement of the dynamic cavity contact location; however, the sensing method is extendable to other applications as well. The optical principle of total internal reflection is exploited to detect changes in refractive index of the medium contacting the body at discrete locations along its length. The derived theoretical operation of the sensor predicts a signal attenuation of 18 dB when a sensed location changes from air-contacting to water-contacting. Theory also shows that spatial resolution (d) scales linearly with sensor length (L-s) and a resolution of 0.01L(s) can be achieved. A prototype sensor is constructed from simple components and response characteristics are quantified for different ambient light conditions as well as partial wetting states. Three methods of sensor calibration are described and a signal processing framework is developed that allows for robust detection of the gas-liquid contact location. In a tank draining experiment, the prototype sensor resolves the water level with accuracy limited only by the spatial resolution, which is constrained by the experimental setup. A more representative experiment is performed in which the prototype sensor accurately measures the dynamic contact location of a gas cavity on a water tunnel wall. C1 [Belden, Jesse; Jandron, Michael] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Belden, J (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM jesse.belden@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N0001413WX20545] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Office of Naval Research under task number N0001413WX20545 monitored by program officer Dr. Ronald Joslin (ONR Code 331). We also thank Albert Fredette for data acquisition and experimentation support and Dr. Robert Kuklinski for support and guidance throughout this work. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 85 IS 8 AR 085120 DI 10.1063/1.4893649 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AQ6IH UT WOS:000342913500087 PM 25173325 ER PT J AU Shaw, WJ Stanton, TP AF Shaw, William J. Stanton, Timothy P. TI Vertical diffusivity of the Western Arctic Ocean halocline SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL WAVES; ABYSSAL OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; DISSIPATION; THERMOCLINE; TRANSPORT; WATERS; BASIN; ICE AB A nearly year-long series of upper ocean temperature, conductivity, and temperature microstructure profiles were collected from an ice camp drifting in the Beaufort Gyre as part of the 1997-1998 Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Experiment (SHEBA). Geographically, the record includes portions over the deep Canada Basin and the steep bathymetry of the Chukchi Borderlands region. Hydrographically, the record includes "cool,'' Pacific-origin haloclines, which contain a variety of subsurface temperature maxima, and cold haloclines typical of the Eurasian Basins. We present estimates of the vertical turbulent diffusivity derived from the dissipation rate of thermal variance and calculations of the associated vertical heat fluxes. We find that vertical diffusion proceeds at molecular rates in the deep basins and away from topographic features. While still relatively small, diffusivity is enhanced by 1 order of magnitude near and above the Chukchi Borderlands. The enhanced diffusivity is correlated to an increase in water column strain variance above the Borderlands, providing a linkage between bathymetry, internal wave activity and turbulence. The Chukchi Borderlands play a significant role in heat transport in the Western Arctic. They are a pathway for horizontal heat transport and a hot spot for vertical heat transport. Vertical fluxes make a substantial contribution to the energy balance of the sea ice cover in this region. Heat fluxes between the halocline and underlying Atlantic Water are shown to be small and lacking vertical connection near surface waters. C1 [Shaw, William J.; Stanton, Timothy P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Shaw, WJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wjshaw@nps.edu FU NSF grant [ARC-0856868] FX Jim Stockel (NPS) made significant contributions to the data acquisition and processing of the CTD and microstructure data sets. James Morison (APL-UW) and Doug Martinson (LDEO) contributed to the collection of the data sets. The thoughtful comments by three anonymous reviewers substantially improved the paper. This work was supported by NSF grant ARC-0856868. Data used to produce the results of this study may be obtained by contacting the authors. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 5017 EP 5038 DI 10.1002/2013JC009598 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AQ1CR UT WOS:000342519500018 ER PT J AU Frolov, S Garau, B Bellingham, J AF Frolov, Sergey Garau, Bartolame Bellingham, James TI Can we do better than the grid survey: Optimal synoptic surveys in presence of variable uncertainty and decorrelation scales SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES; DATA-ASSIMILATION; MONTEREY BAY; OCEAN; ALGORITHMS; STRATEGIES; PREDICTION; NETWORKS; GLIDERS; DESIGN AB Regular grid ("lawnmower'') survey is a classical strategy for synoptic sampling of the ocean. Is it possible to achieve a more effective use of available resources if one takes into account a priori knowledge about variability in magnitudes of uncertainty and decorrelation scales? In this article, we develop and compare the performance of several path-planning algorithms: optimized "lawnmower,'' a graph-search algorithm (A*), and a fully nonlinear genetic algorithm. We use the machinery of the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) to quantify the ability of a vehicle fleet to synoptically map distribution of phytoplankton off the central California coast. We used satellite and in situ data to specify covariance information required by the BLUE estimator. Computational experiments showed that two types of sampling strategies are possible: a suboptimal space-filling design (produced by the "lawnmower'' and the A* algorithms) and an optimal uncertainty-aware design (produced by the genetic algorithm). Unlike the space-filling designs that attempted to cover the entire survey area, the optimal design focused on revisiting areas of high uncertainty. Results of the multivehicle experiments showed that fleet performance predictors, such as cumulative speed or the weight of the fleet, predicted the performance of a homogeneous fleet well; however, these were poor predictors for comparing the performance of different platforms. C1 [Frolov, Sergey] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Naval Res Lab, Visiting Scientist Program, Monterey, CA USA. [Garau, Bartolame] Ctr Maritime Res & Experimentat, Palma De Mallorca, Spain. [Bellingham, James] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. RP Frolov, S (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Naval Res Lab, Visiting Scientist Program, Monterey, CA USA. EM frolovsa@gmail.com FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-10-1-0424] FX This work was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under grant N00014-10-1-0424. We are grateful to the Biological Oceanography group at MBARI for providing access to mooring data and to Raphe Kudela for processing satellite data. Satellite data were provided by the NASA Ocean Color Processing Group. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 5071 EP 5090 DI 10.1002/2013JC009521 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AQ1CR UT WOS:000342519500021 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, MO Lopez, M Candela, J Castro, R Mascarenhas, A Collins, CA AF Gutierrez, Manuel O. Lopez, Manuel Candela, Julio Castro, Ruben Mascarenhas, Affonso Collins, Curtis A. TI Effect of coastal-trapped waves and wind on currents and transport in the Gulf of California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WEST-COAST; SEA-LEVEL; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; MEXICO; OSCILLATIONS; CIRCULATION; FLUX AB Subsurface pressure (SsP) observations from stations inside and outside of the Gulf of California (GC) are used to analyze the relationship between low-frequency currents, temperature, and transport inside the GC and intraseasonal coastal-trapped waves (CTWs), which propagate poleward along the coast toward the GC. Correlation functions and coherences of SsP stations were consistent with intraseasonal CTWs splitting in two at the mouth of the gulf: one part enters the gulf, propagates around the gulf, and eventually, toward the mouth, and another part that appears to "jump'' the mouth of the gulf and travels poleward along the west coast of the peninsula. The correlation and coherence estimates of SsP at Manzanillo with currents showed that downwelling CTWs generated along-gulf current anomalies toward the head of the gulf at the mainland shelf of the mouth, whereas at Ballenas Channel sill (San Lorenzo sill) these waves generated current anomalies toward the mouth near the surface (bottom). At the San Lorenzo (SL) sill, downwelling CTWs increased the near-bottom (similar to 400 m) temperature and reduced the bottom transport of deep, fresher, and colder water that flows toward the head of the gulf. Cross-Calibrated Multiplat-form winds were used to investigate their relationship with currents. The first empirical orthogonal function of the along-gulf wind stress showed that wind blowing toward the head of the gulf generated a reduction of bottom transport toward the head of the gulf through the SL sill, and intensified surface geostrophic current fluctuations toward the head of the gulf. There was also significant correlation between inflow bottom transport and outflow surface geostrophic velocities averaged across the gulf, consistent with the exchange pattern for the Northern Gulf. C1 [Gutierrez, Manuel O.; Lopez, Manuel; Candela, Julio] CICESE, Dept Oceanog Fis, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Castro, Ruben] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Mascarenhas, Affonso] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Collins, Curtis A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. RP Gutierrez, MO (reprint author), CICESE, Dept Oceanog Fis, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. EM gvillanu@cicese.edu.mx FU CONACyT [G33464-T, 38797-T, C01-25343, ESE-203401] FX The authors wish to thank the crew of the B/O Francisco de Ulloa and R/V Point Sur. F. Miranda, A. Ledo, F. Plaza, C. Flores, C. Morales, M. Stone, R. Blanco, S. Larios, L. F. Navarro, and E. Gil provided help during fieldwork. This work was funded by CONACyT through grants G33464-T, 38797-T, C01-25343, ESE-203401, and through a scholarship to M. O. Gutierrez. Comments by two anonymous reviewers improved earlier versions of this manuscript. English revisions by A. Spears are greatly appreciated. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 5123 EP 5139 DI 10.1002/2013JC009538 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AQ1CR UT WOS:000342519500024 ER PT J AU Xu, XX Chassignet, EP Johns, WE William, JS Metzger, EJ AF Xu, Xiaobiao Chassignet, Eric P. Johns, William E. Schmitz, William J., Jr. Metzger, E. Joseph TI Intraseasonal to interannual variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation from eddy-resolving simulations and observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; HEAT-TRANSPORT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; FLORIDA CURRENT; DEEP-WATER; SEA-ICE; OCEAN; 26.5-DEGREES-N; CURRENTS; MODEL AB Results from two 1/12 degrees eddy-resolving simulations, together with data-based transport estimates at 26.5 degrees N and 41 degrees N, are used to investigate the temporal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) during 2004-2012. There is a good agreement between the model and the observation for all components of the AMOC at 26.5 degrees N, whereas the agreement at 41 degrees N is primarily due to the Ekman transport. We found that (1) both observations and model results exhibit higher AMOC variability on seasonal and shorter time scales than on interannual and longer time scales; (2) on intraseasonal and interannual time scales, the AMOC variability is often coherent over a wide latitudinal range, but lacks an overall consistent coherent pattern over the entire North Atlantic; and (3) on seasonal time scales, the AMOC variability exhibits two distinct coherent regimes north and south of 20 degrees N, due to different wind stress variability in the tropics and subtropics. The high AMOC variability south of 20 degrees N in the tropical Atlantic comes primarily from the Ekman transport of the near-surface water, and is modulated to some extent by the transport of the Antarctic Intermediate water below the thermocline. These results highlight the importance of the surface wind in driving the AMOC variability. C1 [Xu, Xiaobiao; Chassignet, Eric P.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Johns, William E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Schmitz, William J., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Metzger, E. Joseph] Naval Res Lab, Oceanog Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Xu, XX (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM xxu@coaps.fsu.edu FU ONR award [N00014-09-1-0587]; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); National Science Foundation (NSF) FX This work is supported by ONR award N00014-09-1-0587. Data from the RAPID/MOCHA monitoring project are funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and National Science Foundation (NSF) and are available at http://www.rapid.ac.uk/rapidmoc. We thank Josh Willis and Will Hobbs for providing the 41 degrees N results. The simulations are performed on supercomputers at the Navy DoD Supercomputing Resource Center (DSRC), Stennis Space Center, MS, using computer time provided by the U.S. DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. The model details and output are securely stored in the Navy DSRC archive server. Special thanks to Alan J. Wallcraft (NRL/SSC) for help in configuring the numerical experiments. This is NRL contribution NRL/JA/7320-14-2122, which is approved for public release and distribution is unlimited. NR 69 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 5140 EP 5159 DI 10.1002/2014JC009994 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AQ1CR UT WOS:000342519500025 ER PT J AU Han, X Mishra, M Mandal, S Bui, H Ayala, DFM Sidoti, D Pattipati, KR Kleinman, DL AF Han, Xu Mishra, Manisha Mandal, Suvasri Bui, Huy Ayala, Diego Fernando Martinez Sidoti, David Pattipati, Krishna R. Kleinman, David L. TI Optimization-Based Decision Support Software for a Team-in-the-Loop Experiment: Multilevel Asset Allocation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN CYBERNETICS-SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Decision support for resource allocation; dynamic list planning; Lagrangian relaxation method; multilevel asset allocation problem ID INTEGER NONLINEAR PROGRAMS; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; MIXED-INTEGER; OUTER-APPROXIMATION; ORGANIZATIONS; ALGORITHM; BRANCH; DECOMPOSITION; MODEL AB Motivated by the Navy's interest in decision support tools that augment planning activities within a maritime operations center (MOC), we have developed a multilevel resource allocation model that is capable of interacting with human planners to dynamically allocate hierarchically-organized assets to process interdependent tasks in order to accomplish mission objectives. The planning problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem of minimizing the overall difference between the human-specified desired task accuracy performance criteria and the expected performance outcomes, the latter being based on how well the assigned resources match the required resources, subject to a number of real-world planning constraints. To solve the resulting large-scale MINLP problem, we propose two methods: 1) a Lagrangian relaxation method that solves the multilevel asset allocation problem with a measure of sub-optimality in terms of an approximate duality gap and 2) a dynamic list planning heuristic algorithm that provides high-quality sub-optimal solutions rapidly (less than 10 s for the scenarios considered here). Finally, we verify our methods using realistic MOC planning scenarios, provide a comparative evaluation of the performance measures of the two proposed methods, and investigate the value of information via human-in-the-loop experiments. C1 [Han, Xu; Mishra, Manisha; Ayala, Diego Fernando Martinez; Sidoti, David; Pattipati, Krishna R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect Engn, Storrs, CT 06029 USA. [Mandal, Suvasri] Qualtech Syst Inc, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Bui, Huy] Global Equipment Serv, Ho Chi Minh City 700010, Vietnam. [Kleinman, David L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 92394 USA. RP Han, X (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect Engn, Storrs, CT 06029 USA. EM suvasri.mandal@gmail.com; ngochuy55@gmail.com; dlkleinm@nps.edu; krishna@engr.uconn.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0062, N00014-12-1-0238] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-09-1-0062 and Contract N00014-12-1-0238. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor K. W. Hipel. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-2216 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY-S JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. -Syst. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1098 EP 1112 DI 10.1109/TSMC.2013.2295360 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA AP7TB UT WOS:000342278500011 ER PT J AU Mosavi, N Nelson, C Marks, BS Boone, BG Menyuk, CR AF Mosavi, Nelofar Nelson, Charles Marks, Brian S. Boone, Bradley G. Menyuk, Curtis R. TI Aberrated beam propagation through turbulence and comparison of Monte Carlo simulations to field test measurements SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE free-space optical communications; atmospheric turbulence; aberrations; Monte Carlo simulations ID ATMOSPHERE; MEDIA AB Optical beam spread and beam quality factor in the presence of both an initial quartic phase aberration and atmospheric turbulence are studied. We obtain the analytical expressions for both beam radius-squared and the beam quality factor using the moment method, and we compare these expressions with the results from Monte Carlo simulations, which allow us to mutually validate the theory and the Monte Carlo simulation codes. We then analyze the first-and second-order statistical moments of the fluctuating intensity of a propagating laser beam and the probability density function versus intensity as the beam propagates through a turbulent atmosphere with constant C-n(2). At the end, we compare our analytical expression and our simulations with field test experimental results, and we find a good agreement. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Mosavi, Nelofar; Marks, Brian S.; Boone, Bradley G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Mosavi, Nelofar; Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Nelson, Charles] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mosavi, N (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM nelofar.mosavi@jhuapl.edu FU Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory through an IRAD grant FX This work was supported by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory through an IRAD grant. The authors would like to acknowledge useful discussions with F. Davidson, R. Sova, and W. Torruellas. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 53 IS 8 AR 086108 DI 10.1117/1.OE.53.8.086108 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA AO2YT UT WOS:000341195300043 ER PT J AU Tasian, GE Cost, NG Granberg, CF Pulido, JE Rivera, M Schwen, Z Schulte, M Fox, JA AF Tasian, Gregory E. Cost, Nicholas G. Granberg, Candace F. Pulido, Jose E. Rivera, Marcelino Schwen, Zeyad Schulte, Marion Fox, Janelle A. TI Tamsulosin and Spontaneous Passage of Ureteral Stones in Children: A Multi-Institutional Cohort Study SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE comparative effectiveness research; nephrolithiasis; tamsulosin ID MEDICAL EXPULSIVE THERAPY; DOUBLE-BLIND; PROPENSITY SCORE; MANAGEMENT; EFFICACY; PLACEBO; CALCULI; TRIAL; NIFEDIPINE; BLOCKERS AB Purpose: Tamsulosin is associated with increased passage of ureteral stones in adults but its effectiveness in children is uncertain. We determined the association between tamsulosin and the spontaneous passage of ureteral stones in children. Materials and Methods: We performed a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of patients 18 years or younger who presented between 2007 and 2012 with ureteral stones up to 10 mm and who were treated with tamsulosin or oral analgesics alone. The outcome was spontaneous stone passage, defined as radiographic clearance and/or patient report of passage. Subjects prescribed tamsulosin were matched with subjects prescribed analgesics alone, using nearest neighbor propensity score matching to adjust for treatment selection. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between tamsulosin and spontaneous passage of ureteral stones, adjusting for stone size and location. Results: Of 449 children with ureteral stones 334 were eligible for inclusion, and complete data were available for 274 patients from 4 institutions (99 receiving tamsulosin, 175 receiving analgesics alone). Following case matching, there were no differences in age, gender, weight, height, stone size or stone location between the 99 subjects prescribed tamsulosin and the 99 propensity score matched subjects prescribed analgesics alone. In the tamsulosin cohort 55% of ureteral stones passed, compared to 44% in the analgesics alone cohort (p = 0.03). In multivariate analysis adjusting for stone size and location tamsulosin was associated with spontaneous passage of ureteral stones (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.49-7.34). Conclusions: The odds of spontaneous passage of ureteral stones were greater in children prescribed tamsulosin vs analgesics alone. C1 [Tasian, Gregory E.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Surg, Div Pediat Urol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Tasian, Gregory E.; Pulido, Jose E.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Schwen, Zeyad] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Cost, Nicholas G.] Colorado Childrens Hosp, Dept Surg, Div Urol, Denver, CO USA. [Cost, Nicholas G.; Schulte, Marion] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Div Urol, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Granberg, Candace F.; Rivera, Marcelino] Mayo Clin, Dept Urol, Rochester, MN USA. [Fox, Janelle A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Tasian, GE (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Wood Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, 34th St & Civ Ctr Blvd,3rd Floore, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM tasiang@chop.edu FU [NIH-T32HD060550] FX Supported by NIH-T32HD060550. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 EI 1527-3792 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 192 IS 2 BP 506 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2014.01.091 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA AP5BT UT WOS:000342095400087 PM 24518765 ER PT J AU Reese, JN Fox, JA Cannon, GM Ost, MC AF Reese, Jeremy N. Fox, Janelle A. Cannon, Glenn M., Jr. Ost, Michael C. TI Timing and Predictors for Urinary Drainage in Children with Expectantly Managed Grade IV Renal Trauma SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; pediatrics; wounds and injuries; wounds, nonpenetrating ID CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT; TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS; INJURIES; EXPERIENCE AB Purpose: We determined which children sustaining blunt grade IV renal trauma are at greatest risk for failing nonoperative management and in what time frame they will likely present. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed children presenting with nonvascular grade IV blunt renal trauma between 2003 and 2012. We compared characteristics on computerized tomography, reasons for intervention, type and timing of surgery, length of hospital stay and need for readmission between children undergoing early intervention (less than 72 hours after admission) and those managed conservatively (with any subsequent intervention undertaken more than 72 hours after admission). Results: A total of 26 children were identified with nonvascular grade IV blunt renal trauma. Conservative management was attempted in 16 cases (62%). Seven of these patients (44%) required intervention (ureteral stent and/or percutaneous drain placement), with a mean time to intervention of 11 days. Collecting system clot and larger urinoma (1.45 cm in cases with successful and 4.29 cm in those with failed conservative management) significantly predicted failure of conservative management (p < 0.05). Presence of dissociated renal fragments (57% vs 11%) and interpolar contrast extravasation (57% vs 0%) were increased in the early intervention group compared to the conservatively managed group (p > 0.05), as was rehospitalization (43% vs 0%), mean length of stay (7.9 vs 5.4 days) and transfusion (14% vs 0%, p > 0.05). Conclusions: Collecting system hematoma and urinoma size significantly predicted failure of conservative management, with a mean time to intervention of 11 days. Children with failed conservative management had a greater incidence of dissociated renal fragments and interpolar extravasation. Early identification of these patients may decrease hospital readmissions, length of stay and prolonged morbidity. C1 [Reese, Jeremy N.; Fox, Janelle A.; Cannon, Glenn M., Jr.; Ost, Michael C.] Univ Pittsburgh, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Fox, Janelle A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Ost, MC (reprint author), UPMC, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Urol, Div Pediat Urol, 4th Floor Fac Pavilion,One Childrens Pl, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA. EM Michael.ost@chp.edu NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 EI 1527-3792 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 192 IS 2 BP 512 EP 517 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.039 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA AP5BT UT WOS:000342095400088 PM 24565528 ER PT J AU Santiago, F Bagwell, B Martinez, T Restaino, S Krishna, S AF Santiago, Freddie Bagwell, Brett Martinez, Ty Restaino, Sergio Krishna, Sanjay TI Large aperture adaptive doublet polymer lens for imaging applications SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article AB We report a full design process-finite element modeling, fabrication, and characterization-of adaptive doublet polymer lenses. A first-order model was developed and used to design fluidic doublets, analogous to their glass counterparts. Two constant-volume fluidic chambers were enclosed by three flexible membranes, resulting in a variable focal length doublet with a clear aperture of 19.0 mm. Chromatic focal shift was then used to compare numerical modeling to experimentally measured results over a positive focal length range of 55-200mm (f/2.89 to f/10.5). (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Santiago, Freddie; Bagwell, Brett] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Martinez, Ty; Restaino, Sergio] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Krishna, Sanjay] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Santiago, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM fsantia@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND Number: 2014-3846 J. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1842 EP 1846 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.31.001842 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA AO8GL UT WOS:000341591600019 PM 25121541 ER PT J AU Feldmeier, JW Nuss, WA Elsberry, RL AF Feldmeier, Joel W. Nuss, Wendell A. Elsberry, Russell L. TI Terrain-influenced local wind forecasting for the Sasebo typhoon haven: Improved empirical techniques SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclone local winds; terrain-influenced tropical cyclone winds; empirical technique for local winds; Sasebo typhoon haven winds AB Although the Sasebo, Japan harbor is usually a "typhoon haven" from tropical cyclone (TC) winds due to terrain-blocking effects, in rare cases damaging winds occur that may be attributed to terrain channeling. An empirical parametric model technique is developed and tested that includes consideration of the TC wind structure, land frictional effects, and terrain influences affecting the maximum wind speeds in the harbor when TCs pass within 200 nautical miles of Sasebo. The terrain influence is represented by two sets of wind direction-dependent acceleration factors. The first set, which is directly from the ratio of the local wind to the adjusted parametric wind for TCs passages during 2003-2010, provides mean values that represent the terrain blocking and channeling effects, but the variability with wind direction may be suspect. The second set derived from a large sample of reanalysis winds not limited to TCs has better variability properties, but is not easily related to just the TC passages. A new nomogram modified to include TC wind structure has higher estimates of Sasebo sustained winds for some TC tracks that may be related to terrain influences, but is limited due to the number of TC structure estimates in the developmental sample. These empirical models have the advantage of ease and low cost for future use in also estimating the combined uncertainty in the local winds in Sasebo harbor due to TCs. C1 [Feldmeier, Joel W.; Nuss, Wendell A.; Elsberry, Russell L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM elsberry@nps.edu FU Marine Meteorology section of the Office of Naval Research FX This study is a part of the dissertation research of CDR Joel Feldmeier in the Department of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School under the supervision of Professor Wendell A. Nuss. The participation of Professor Russell L. Elsberry is funded by the Marine Meteorology section of the Office of Naval Research. Bob Creasey provided excellent support in the processing of the CFSR winds. Mrs. Penny Jones expertly assisted in the preparation of the manuscript. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 EI 1976-7951 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 459 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s13143-014-0036-3 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO6FG UT WOS:000341444600005 ER PT J AU Tsai, HC Elsberry, RL AF Tsai, Hsiao-Chung Elsberry, Russell L. TI Applications of situation-dependent intensity and intensity spread predictions based on a weighted analog technique SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclone intensity prediction; intensity spread; forecast uncertainty; track analog; probability of detection AB A version of our situation-dependent intensity prediction (SDIP) is proposed for operational application after three modifications: (i) Ten historical track analogs are matched with Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) official track forecasts rather than besttracks; (ii) Giving two times as much weight to the 72 h - 120 h portion of the track as to the 0-72 h portion to give higher rankings for analog tracks with similar landfall or recurvature positions and timing; and (iii) Weighting both the intensity prediction technique and a new intensity spread guidance product according to new rankings of the track analogs rather than assuming all track analogs are equally likely. These special matchings and weightings of the track analogs in this weighted-analog intensity (WANI) add skill in the 72-120 h forecast intervals in regions where landfalls occur. Viability as an operational technique is demonstrated as the WANI has only 1 kt larger mean absolute errors than the JTWC intensity errors from 12 h through 72 h, and the WANI is 5 kt (20%) better at 120 h. The WANI rank-weighted intensity spreads each 12 h among the 10 best historical track analogs are processed to reduce any intensity bias and calibrated to reduce (increase) the over-determined (under-determined) intensity spreads at early (later) forecast intervals. Thus, the situation-dependent intensity spread guidance is generated that will include about 68% of the verifying intensities at all forecast intervals. Four examples of the WANI intensity predictions and intensity spread guidance are presented to illustrate how the forecaster might use this information in potential landfall and intensity bifurcation situations. C1 [Tsai, Hsiao-Chung; Elsberry, Russell L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Elsberry, Russell L.] Univ Colorado, Hazards Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hazards Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. EM elsberrylr@comcast.net FU Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section FX Dr. H.-C. Tsai is a National Research Council post-doc at the Naval Postgraduate School. He and Professor R. L. Elsberry are supported by the Office of Naval Research Marine Meteorology section. Mrs. Penny Jones provided excellent assistance in the manuscript preparation. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 EI 1976-7951 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 50 IS 4 BP 507 EP 518 DI 10.1007/s13143-014-0040-7 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO6FG UT WOS:000341444600009 ER PT J AU Anderson, TJ Koehler, AD Greenlee, JD Weaver, BD Mastro, MA Hite, JK Eddy, CR Kub, FJ Hobart, KD AF Anderson, Travis J. Koehler, Andrew D. Greenlee, Jordan D. Weaver, Bradley D. Mastro, Michael A. Hite, Jennifer K. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Kub, Francis J. Hobart, Karl D. TI Substrate-Dependent Effects on the Response of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs to 2-MeV Proton Irradiation SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GaN; HEMT; proton irradiation ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; DAMAGE AB AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown on Si, SiC, and sapphire substrates were exposed to 2-MeV proton irradiation in incremental fluences up to 6 x 1014 cm(-2) The devices were characterized initially and after each irradiation by Hall and dc I-V measurements to probe the mechanisms associated with radiation-induced degradation and failure. It was determined that defects created at the AlGaN/GaN interface introduce scattering centers near the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), which result in degraded mobility. Additionally, charged traps in the structure serve to screen the 2DEG resulting in reduced sheet carrier density. These two effects are responsible for degraded I-V behavior, including reduced saturation current and transconductance, increased ON-resistance, and positive threshold voltage shift. Interestingly, the sample with the most pre-existing defects was the most tolerant of radiation-induced damage. C1 [Anderson, Travis J.; Koehler, Andrew D.; Greenlee, Jordan D.; Weaver, Bradley D.; Mastro, Michael A.; Hite, Jennifer K.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Kub, Francis J.; Hobart, Karl D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, TJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM travis.anderson@nrl.navy.mil RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015; OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826; Greenlee, Jordan/0000-0002-9244-0470 FU Office of Naval Research; DTRA [HDTRA137425] FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research and in part by the DTRA under Grant HDTRA137425. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor J. A. del Alamo. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 35 IS 8 BP 826 EP 828 DI 10.1109/LED.2014.2331001 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AO7ZY UT WOS:000341573000006 ER PT J AU Cray, BA Moss, GR AF Cray, Benjamin A. Moss, Geoffrey R. TI Enhanced directivity with array gratings SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; PLATE AB A planewave, incident on a panel, produces an acoustic trace wavelength that propagates along the surface of the panel. The trace wavelength excites the panel into vibration, creating structural waves within the panel that propagate. These structural waves can be purposely Bragg scattered, creating replicas of the trace wavenumber. The replicas are shifted in wavenumber precisely by the inverse of the periodic separation distance l. Hence, in principle, it should be possible to resolve the acoustic trace wavelength from one of the shifted replicas of the panel's response. The incident angle can then be ascertained from the replicated trace wavelengths. C1 [Cray, Benjamin A.; Moss, Geoffrey R.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Cray, BA (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport Div, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM benjamin.cray@navy.mil; geoffrey.moss@navy.mil FU Neil Dubois, In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) Program Manager, at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Newport, Rhode Island FX This work was supported by Neil Dubois, In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) Program Manager, at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Newport, Rhode Island. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 136 IS 2 BP EL103 EP EL108 DI 10.1121/1.4885479 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AO2TE UT WOS:000341178100008 PM 25096132 ER PT J AU Banihani, OI Fox, JA Gander, BH Grunwaldt, LJ Cannon, GM AF Banihani, Omaya I. Fox, Janelle A. Gander, Brian H. Grunwaldt, Lorelei J. Cannon, Glenn M. TI Complete Penile Amputation During Ritual Neonatal Circumcision and Successful Replantation Using Postoperative Leech Therapy SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIRUDO-MEDICINALIS; RECONSTRUCTION AB Circumcision is the most common surgical procedure in males in the United States, and minor complications are not uncommon. Major complications like partial penile amputations have been reported with successful replantation. Complete penile amputations in adult males have been described, and successful replantation has been reported with increasing success. We report a case of complete penile amputation at the penopubic junction using a Mogen clamp in a 7-day-old neonate with replantation using postoperative leech therapy. To our knowledge this is the first time leech therapy has been used postoperatively for neonatal penile amputation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. C1 UPMC, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Div Pediat Urol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. UPMC, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Div Pediat Plast Surg, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Banihani, OI (reprint author), 4401 Penn Ave,4th Floor,Fac Bldg, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA. EM banihanioi@upmc.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 EI 1527-9995 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD AUG PY 2014 VL 84 IS 2 BP 472 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2014.04.021 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA AO5EH UT WOS:000341365500068 PM 24928459 ER PT J AU Hassler, C Zhang, YN Gilmour, B Graf, T Fennell, T Snyder, R Deschamps, JR Reinscheid, RK Garau, C Runyon, SP AF Hassler, Carla Zhang, Yanan Gilmour, Brian Graf, Tyler Fennell, Timothy Snyder, Rodney Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Reinscheid, Rainer K. Garau, Celia Runyon, Scott P. TI Identification of Neuropeptide S Antagonists: Structure-Activity Relationship Studies, X-ray Crystallography, and in Vivo Evaluation SO ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Neuropeptide S; structure-activity relationship; NPSR ID COCAINE-SEEKING BEHAVIOR; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SYSTEM; BRAIN; RATS; MICE; AMYGDALA; NEURONS AB Modulation of the neuropeptide S (NPS) system has been linked to a variety of CNS disorders such as panic disorder, anxiety, sleeping disorders, asthma, obesity, PTSD, and substance abuse. In this study, a series of diphenyltetrahydro-1H-oxazolo[3,4-alpha]pyrazin-3(5H)-ones were synthesized and evaluated for antagonist activity at the neuropeptide S receptor. The absolute configuration was determined by chiral resolution of the key synthetic intermediate, followed by analysis of one of the individual enantiomers by X-ray crystallography. The R isomer was then converted to a biologically active compound (34) that had a K-e of 36 nM. The most potent compound displayed enhanced aqueous solubility compared with the prototypical antagonist SHA-68 and demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties for behavioral assessment. In vivo analysis in mice indicated a significant blockade of NPS induced locomotor activity at an ip dose of 50 mg/kg. This suggests that analogs having improved drug-like properties will facilitate more detailed studies of the neuropeptide S receptor system. C1 [Hassler, Carla; Zhang, Yanan; Gilmour, Brian; Graf, Tyler; Fennell, Timothy; Snyder, Rodney; Runyon, Scott P.] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Reinscheid, Rainer K.; Garau, Celia] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Runyon, SP (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM srunyon@rti.org FU United States National Institute of Mental Health Research Grant [MH081247-01]; NIDA [Y1-DA1101]; Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) FX This work was supported by a United States National Institute of Mental Health Research Grant (MH081247-01). The X-ray crystallographic work was supported by NIDA through Interagency Agreement No. Y1-DA1101 with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7193 J9 ACS CHEM NEUROSCI JI ACS Chem. Neurosci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 5 IS 8 BP 731 EP 744 DI 10.1021/cn500113c PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Neurosciences & Neurology GA AN6VB UT WOS:000340735400015 PM 24964000 ER PT J AU Chen, YG Francescato, Y Caldwell, JD Giannini, V Mass, TWW Glembocki, OJ Bezares, FJ Taubner, T Kasica, R Hong, MH Maier, SA AF Chen, Yiguo Francescato, Yan Caldwell, Joshua D. Giannini, Vincenzo Mass, Tobias W. W. Glembocki, Orest J. Bezares, Francisco J. Taubner, Thomas Kasica, Richard Hong, Minghui Maier, Stefan A. TI Spectral Tuning of Localized Surface Phonon Polariton Resonators for Low-Loss Mid-IR Applications SO ACS PHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE localized surface phonon polariton; monopolar resonance; silicon carbide; spectral tuning; near-field coupling ID SILICON-CARBIDE; NANOANTENNA ARRAYS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT; SCALE; NANOPARTICLES; EMISSION AB Low-loss surface phonon polariton (SPhP) modes supported within polar dielectric crystals are a promising alternative to conventional, metal-based plasmonic systems for the realization of nanophotonic components. Here we show that monopolar excitations in 4H-silicon carbide nanopillar arrays exhibit an unprecedented stable efficiency even when the resonator filling fraction is varied by an order of magnitude. This provides a powerful mid-IR platform with excellent spectral tunability and strong field confinement. Combining IR spectroscopy measurements with full electrodynamic calculations, we elucidate the nature of the optical modes in these elongated subwavelength nanostructures by investigating their spectral behavior and local field dependence on the size and periodicity. The present study also gives a clear understanding and practical guidelines for the spectral tuning of localized SPhP and the coupling mechanisms at play. This work is integral with the development of phonon-polariton based applications for surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA), polychromatic detectors, and thermal imaging. C1 [Chen, Yiguo; Francescato, Yan; Giannini, Vincenzo; Maier, Stefan A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Chen, Yiguo] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Glembocki, Orest J.; Bezares, Francisco J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Mass, Tobias W. W.; Taubner, Thomas] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. [Kasica, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maier, SA (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM s.maier@imperial.ac.uk RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008; Taubner, Thomas/E-8779-2012 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168; Taubner, Thomas/0000-0002-0628-3043 FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); NRL Nanoscience Institute (NSI) - office of Naval Research; ASEE/NRL; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinsdiaft (DFG) [SPP-1327]; Ministry of Innovation NRW; German Excellence Initiative FX Y.F., V.G., and S.A.M. were sponsored by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). J.D.C. acknowledges financial support from the NRL Nanoscience Institute (NSI), which is funded by the office of Naval Research. F.J.B. was supported by an ASEE/NRL fellowship. E-beam lithography was performed at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at NIST in Gaithersburg MD. T.W.W.M. and T.T. acknowledge funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinsdiaft (DFG) within SPP-1327 "Sub-100 nm structures for optical and biomedical applications". T.T. acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Innovation NRW and the German Excellence Initiative. NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 82 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2330-4022 J9 ACS PHOTONICS JI ACS Photonics PD AUG PY 2014 VL 1 IS 8 BP 718 EP 724 DI 10.1021/ph500143u PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA AN6UW UT WOS:000340734900012 ER PT J AU Hafizi, B Penano, J Fischer, R DiComo, G Ting, A AF Hafizi, B. Penano, J. Fischer, R. DiComo, G. Ting, A. TI Determination of absorption coefficient based on laser beam thermal blooming in gas-filled tube SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TIME-DEPENDENT PROPAGATION; ATMOSPHERE; RADIATION; DIFFRACTION; DISTORTION; PLASMA; SINGLE; MODEL AB Thermal blooming of a laser beam propagating in a gas-filled tube is investigated both analytically and experimentally. A self-consistent formulation taking into account heating of the gas and the resultant laser beam spreading (including diffraction) is presented. The heat equation is used to determine the temperature variation while the paraxial wave equation is solved in the eikonal approximation to determine the temporal and spatial variation of the Gaussian laser spot radius, Gouy phase (longitudinal phase delay), and wavefront curvature. The analysis is benchmarked against a thermal blooming experiment in the literature using a CO2 laser beam propagating in a tube filled with air and propane. New experimental results are presented in which a CW fiber laser (1 mu m) propagates in a tube filled with nitrogen and water vapor. By matching laboratory and theoretical results, the absorption coefficient of water vapor is found to agree with calculations using MODTRAN (the MODerate-resolution atmospheric TRANsmission molecular absorption database) and HITRAN (the HIgh-resolution atmospheric TRANsmission molecular absorption database). (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Hafizi, B.; Penano, J.; Fischer, R.; Ting, A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [DiComo, G.] Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Hafizi, B (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bahman.hafizi@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office FX Discussions with Dr. D. Gordon and Dr. J. Palastro are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 22 BP 5016 EP 5023 DI 10.1364/AO.53.005016 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA AN8BC UT WOS:000340824800039 PM 25090334 ER PT J AU Coffin, RB Hamdan, LJ Smith, JP Rose, PS Plummer, RE Yoza, B Pecher, I Montgomery, MT AF Coffin, Richard B. Hamdan, Leila J. Smith, Joseph P. Rose, Paula S. Plummer, Rebecca E. Yoza, Brandon Pecher, Ingo Montgomery, Michael T. TI Contribution of Vertical Methane Flux to Shallow Sediment Carbon Pools across Porangahau Ridge, New Zealand SO ENERGIES LA English DT Article DE coastal sediment; carbon cycling; methane; phytodetritus; convergence forcing; stable isotopes ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; TERRIGENOUS ORGANIC-MATTER; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; GAS HYDRATE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SULFATE REDUCTION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; SURFACE SEDIMENTS AB Moderate elevated vertical methane (CH4) flux is associated with sediment accretion and raised fluid expulsion at the Hikurangi subduction margin, located along the northeast coast of New Zealand. This focused CH4 flux contributes to the cycling of inorganic and organic carbon in solid phase sediment and pore water. Along a 7 km offshore transect across the Porangahau Ridge, vertical CH4 flux rates range from 11.4 mmol.m(-2).a(-1) off the ridge to 82.6 mmol.m(-2).a(-1) at the ridge base. Stable carbon isotope ratios (delta C-13) in pore water and sediment were variable across the ridge suggesting close proximity of heterogeneous carbon sources. Methane stable carbon isotope ratios ranging from -107.9 parts per thousand to -60.5 parts per thousand and a C1:C2 of 3000 indicate a microbial, or biogenic, source. Near ridge, average delta C-13 for pore water and sediment inorganic carbon were C-13-depleted (-28.7 parts per thousand and -7.9 parts per thousand, respectively) relative to all core subsamples (-19.9 parts per thousand and -2.4 parts per thousand, respectively) suggesting localized anaerobic CH4 oxidation and precipitation of authigenic carbonates. Through the transect there was low contribution from anaerobic oxidation of CH4 to organic carbon pools; for all cores delta 13C values of pore water dissolved organic carbon and sediment organic carbon averaged -24.4 parts per thousand and -22.1 parts per thousand, respectively. Anaerobic oxidation of CH4 contributed to pore water and sediment organic carbon near the ridge as evidenced by carbon isotope values as low as to -42.8 parts per thousand and -24.7 parts per thousand, respectively. Carbon concentration and isotope analyses distinguished contributions from CH4 and phytodetrital carbon sources across the ridge and show a low methane contribution to organic carbon. C1 [Coffin, Richard B.; Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hamdan, Leila J.] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Smith, Joseph P.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Rose, Paula S.] Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Plummer, Rebecca E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yoza, Brandon] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Pecher, Ingo] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. RP Coffin, RB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM richard.coffin@tamucc.edu; lhamdan1@gmu.edu; jpsmith@usna.edu; paula.rose@tamucc.edu; rplummer@umd.edu; byoza@hawaii.edu; i.pecher@auckland.ac.nz; michael.montgomery@nrl.navy.mil FU New Zealand Foundation of Research, Science and Technology; Office of Naval Research; Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory FX Acknowledgment is made to the New Zealand Foundation of Research, Science and Technology, Office of Naval Research and Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory for financial support of this research. We express sincere appreciation for support from the RV Tangaroa crew for support during this expedition. NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 26 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1073 J9 ENERGIES JI Energies PD AUG PY 2014 VL 7 IS 8 BP 5332 EP 5356 DI 10.3390/en7085332 PG 25 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA AO3LH UT WOS:000341230200029 ER PT J AU Petersen, J Seivwright, D Caton, P Millsaps, K AF Petersen, John Seivwright, Doug Caton, Patrick Millsaps, Knox TI Combustion Characterization and Ignition Delay Modeling of Low- and High-Cetane Alternative Diesel Fuels in a Marine Diesel Engine SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID OCTANE AB In support of an ongoing U.S. Navy alternative fuel evaluation program, the combustion characteristics of two very different alternative diesel fuels were evaluated in a direct-injection marine diesel engine across a variety of speeds and loads. The fuels were an algal-based hydrotreated renewable diesel fuel (HRD) with cetane number of similar to 75 and a synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) with cetane number of similar to 25. These fuels were experimentally tested as blends with conventional petroleum-based military diesel fuel (designated F-76) with cetane approximate to 46, giving a cetane number range from 25 to 75. Start of injection (SOT) was characterized using a strain gauge to determine actuation of the mechanical unit injector; SOI remained essentially unchanged for changes in fuel type. As expected based on cetane number, ignition delay (IGD) increased with greater amounts of SPK fuel and decreased for greater amounts of HRD fuel in the test blend. Energy release analysis showed that longer IGD led consistently to slightly advanced combustion phasing, as indicated by the location of 50% mass fraction burned, decreased overall combustion duration, and greater maximum rate of pressure rise due to greater fuel-air premixing. Fuel consumption was 0-5% higher for these alternative fuels. Ignition delay was modeled using a detailed primary reference fuel mechanism tuned to match the measured cetane number of each neat and blended fuel. The modeled chemistry was able to capture relative changes in the experimentally observed IGD, suggesting that the measured differences in physical properties, which will affect spray development, do not contribute as significantly to differences in IGD. The results suggest that typical higher cetane alternative fuels, such as HRD, have no deleterious effects from the perspective of combustion characteristics. Processes that yield lower cetane alternative fuels, such as SPK, while still achieving satisfactory performance, begin to show signs of problems through delayed combustion, increased rates of pressure rise, and higher peak pressures, which induce higher mechanical stress and combustion noise. C1 [Petersen, John; Seivwright, Doug; Caton, Patrick; Millsaps, Knox] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Caton, P (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM patcaton@usna.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N0001413WX20922] FX This study was supported by the Office of Naval Research as part of the Alternate Naval Fuels Program under the cognizance of Dr. S. Beerman-Curtin via funding document N0001413WX20922. The authors also acknowledge the excellent support of Mr. A. Paz in laboratory data collection. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2014 VL 28 IS 8 BP 5463 EP 5471 DI 10.1021/ef500565t PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AN7VJ UT WOS:000340808800070 ER PT J AU Miller, FJ Asgharian, B Schroeter, JD Price, O Corley, RA Einstein, DR Jacob, RE Cox, TC Kabilan, S Bentley, T AF Miller, Frederick J. Asgharian, Bahman Schroeter, Jeffry D. Price, Owen Corley, Richard A. Einstein, Daniel R. Jacob, Richard E. Cox, Timothy C. Kabilan, Senthil Bentley, Timothy TI Respiratory tract lung geometry and dosimetry model for male Sprague-Dawley rats SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Breathing parameters; deposition modeling; lung geometry; morphometric variables; particles; Sprague-Dawley rats ID MULTIPLE-PATH MODEL; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; LABORATORY-ANIMALS; HUMANS; VOLUME; AIRWAY; INHALABILITY; SIMULATIONS; AEROSOLS AB While inhalation toxicological studies of various compounds have been conducted using a number of different strains of rats, mechanistic dosimetry models have only had tracheobronchial (TB) structural data for Long-Evans rats, detailed morphometric data on the alveolar region of Sprague-Dawley rats and limited alveolar data on other strains. Based upon CT imaging data for two male Sprague-Dawley rats, a 15-generation, symmetric typical path model was developed for the TB region. Literature data for the alveolar region of Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed to develop an eight-generation model, and the two regions were joined to provide a complete lower respiratory tract model for Sprague-Dawley rats. The resulting lung model was used to examine particle deposition in Sprague-Dawley rats and to compare these results with predicted deposition in Long-Evans rats. Relationships of various physiologic variables and lung volumes were either developed in this study or extracted from the literature to provide the necessary input data for examining particle deposition. While the lengths, diameters and branching angles of the TB airways differed between the two Sprague-Dawley rats, the predicted deposition patterns in the three major respiratory tract regions were very similar. Between Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats, significant differences in TB and alveolar predicted deposition fractions were observed over a wide range of particle sizes, with TB deposition fractions being up to 3- to 4-fold greater in Sprague-Dawley rats and alveolar deposition being significantly greater in Long-Evans rats. Thus, strain-specific lung geometry models should be used for particle deposition calculations and interspecies dose comparisons. C1 [Miller, Frederick J.] Fred J Miller & Associates LLC, Cary, NC 27511 USA. [Asgharian, Bahman; Schroeter, Jeffry D.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. [Price, Owen] Appl Res Associates Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Corley, Richard A.; Einstein, Daniel R.; Jacob, Richard E.; Kabilan, Senthil] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Cox, Timothy C.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat Craniofacial Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bentley, Timothy] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Miller, FJ (reprint author), Fred J Miller & Associates LLC, 911 Queensferry Rd, Cary, NC 27511 USA. EM fjmiller@nc.rr.com FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-C-0624]; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health [NHLBI R01 HL073598] FX This work was funded, in part, by the Office of Naval Research via contract N00014-12-C-0624. All imaging, image processing and lung geometry data acquisition was supported by grants from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI R01 HL073598) of the National Institutes of Health. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 14 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 EI 1091-7691 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 26 IS 9 BP 524 EP 544 DI 10.3109/08958378.2014.925991 PG 21 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AN8YF UT WOS:000340891300002 PM 25055841 ER PT J AU Ridgway, SH Moore, PW Carder, DA Romano, TA AF Ridgway, S. H. Moore, P. W. Carder, D. A. Romano, T. A. TI Forward shift of feeding buzz components of dolphins and belugas during associative learning reveals a likely connection to reward expectation, pleasure and brain dopamine activation SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Food call; Bottlenose dolphin; Reaction time; Animal signals; Auditory; Victory squeal ID WHALES MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; WHITE WHALES; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; ACOUSTIC BEHAVIOR; SELF-STIMULATION; PREY CAPTURE; ECHOLOCATION AB For many years, we heard sounds associated with reward from dolphins and belugas. We named these pulsed sounds victory squeals (VS), as they remind us of a child's squeal of delight. Here we put these sounds in context with natural and learned behavior. Like bats, echolocating cetaceans produce feeding buzzes as they approach and catch prey. Unlike bats, cetaceans continue their feeding buzzes after prey capture and the after portion is what we call the VS. Prior to training (or conditioning), the VS comes after the fish reward; with repeated trials it moves to before the reward. During training, we use a whistle or other sound to signal a correct response by the animal. This sound signal, named a secondary reinforcer (SR), leads to the primary reinforcer, fish. Trainers usually name their whistle or other SR a bridge, as it bridges the time gap between the correct response and reward delivery. During learning, the SR becomes associated with reward and the VS comes after the SR rather than after the fish. By following the SR, the VS confirms that the animal expects a reward. Results of early brain stimulation work suggest to us that SR stimulates brain dopamine release, which leads to the VS. Although there are no direct studies of dopamine release in cetaceans, we found that the timing of our VS is consistent with a response after dopamine release. We compared trained vocal responses to auditory stimuli with VS responses to SR sounds. Auditory stimuli that did not signal reward resulted in faster responses by a mean of 151 ms for dolphins and 250 ms for belugas. In laboratory animals, there is a 100 to 200 ms delay for dopamine release. VS delay in our animals is similar and consistent with vocalization after dopamine release. Our novel observation suggests that the dopamine reward system is active in cetacean brains. C1 [Ridgway, S. H.; Moore, P. W.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Ridgway, S. H.; Moore, P. W.; Carder, D. A.; Romano, T. A.] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, US Navy Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Ridgway, SH (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2410 Shelter Isl Blvd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM SRidgway@ucsd.edu FU US Navy Marine Mammal Program FX Funding was provided by the US Navy Marine Mammal Program. (www.public.navy.mil/spawar/Pacific/71500/Pages/default.aspx). This constitutes scientific contribution no. 219 from the Sea Research Foundation. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 217 IS 16 BP 2910 EP 2919 DI 10.1242/jeb.100511 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AO2XI UT WOS:000341190300017 PM 25122919 ER PT J AU Martin, J Baylis, C Cohen, L de Graaf, J Marks, RJ AF Martin, Joshua Baylis, Charles Cohen, Lawrence de Graaf, Jean Marks, Robert J., II TI A Peak-Search Algorithm for Load-Pull Optimization of Power-Added Efficiency and Adjacent-Channel Power Ratio SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR); gradient; load-pull; power-added efficiency (PAE); search algorithm; steepest ascent ID AMPLIFIERS AB Power amplifiers in modern wireless systems must meet increasingly stringent spectral constraints while still operating with high power efficiency. A new peak-search algorithm is demonstrated to find the Pareto optimum of power-added efficiency (PAE) while producing an adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) value under a specified maximum. A peak-search is first performed for the maximum PAE, and then a small-step steepest descent walk in the ACPR is taken from the PAE maximum toward the ACPR minimum until ACPR requirements are met. This approach reasonably approximates the Pareto optimum for the device. Simulation and measurement data are presented for searches from multiple starting points, and good correspondence is obtained for the Pareto optimum reflection coefficient, as well as the optimum PAE and ACPR values. This measurement-based algorithm is expected to find useful application in real-time adaptive radio and radar transmitters, as well as in bench-top measurements for amplifier design. C1 [Martin, Joshua; Baylis, Charles; Marks, Robert J., II] Baylor Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Cohen, Lawrence; de Graaf, Jean] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), L3 Commun, Waco, TX 76705 USA. FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation [ECCS-1343316] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory under a grant and by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS-1343316. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 62 IS 8 BP 1772 EP 1783 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2014.2331626 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AN5GR UT WOS:000340619200022 ER PT J AU Shaw, WJ Stanton, TP AF Shaw, William J. Stanton, Timothy P. TI Dynamic and Double-Diffusive Instabilities in a Weak Pycnocline. Part I: Observations of Heat Flux and Diffusivity in the Vicinity of Maud Rise, Weddell Sea SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN; POLYNYA; SHEAR; ICE; DISSIPATION; THERMOCLINE; VENTILATION; CONVECTION; STAIRCASES; STABILITY AB An expedition to study the stability of the weakly stratified water column in the eastern Weddell Sea was undertaken in the austral winter of 2005. A regional CTD survey around Maud Rise delineated water mass boundaries associated with flow around the seamount and identified areas most susceptible to overturning. A downstream region of the seamount Taylor column was found least stable, with a potential density difference across the pycnocline less than 0.018 kg m(-3). Intensive water column measurements, including 1300 profiles of temperature, conductivity, and fast-response microconductivity, were made during a series of 13 drift stations to investigate vertical turbulent transports and the evolution of water column stability. The dependence of pycnocline turbulent diffusivity k(T) on Froude number Fr (turbulence generated by internal wave shear) and density ratio R-rho (turbulence generated by diffusive layering and possibly diapycnal cabbeling) is investigated. The Fr alone cannot explain completely the observed k(T) variability. Instead, there is also a strong dependence on R-rho. Turbulent diffusivity is an order of magnitude larger in the weakly stratified Taylor cap over Maud Rise (where R-rho approaches one) than in the surrounding water column that is unaffected by flow around Maud Rise. In terms of water column stability, diffusive heat flux across the pycnocline inhibits winter ice growth and densification of the surface layer. The observed R-rho dependence of k(T) thus provides a strong negative feedback on the winter evolution of the Maud Rise area water column toward overturning instability. C1 [Shaw, William J.; Stanton, Timothy P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Shaw, WJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, OC Dept, 833 Dyer Rd,Rm 328 Spanagel Hall, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wjshaw@nps.edu FU NSF [ANT-0944536, OPP-0338020] FX James Morison made major contributions to the CTD/LMP observational program, including the design of a mechanical system that allowed for the routine use of the "moon pool" on the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer. Jim Stockel made significant contributions to the collection and processing of these datasets. Laurie Padman and Robin Muench coordinated the collection and processing of the Phase 1 CTD data. The University of Hawaii group and Miles McPhee produced the ship's ADCP dataset used in this study. We benefited from discussions with T. Radko and J. Flanagan. The paper was improved based on input from L. Padman and three anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by NSF Grants ANT-0944536 and OPP-0338020. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1973 EP 1991 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-042.1 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN1NE UT WOS:000340349800001 ER PT J AU Flanagan, JD Radko, T Shaw, WJ Stanton, TP AF Flanagan, Jason D. Radko, Timour Shaw, William J. Stanton, Timothy P. TI Dynamic and Double-Diffusive Instabilities in a Weak Pycnocline. Part II: Direct Numerical Simulations and Flux Laws SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SALT FINGERS; THERMOHALINE STAIRCASES; SHEAR FLOWS; INTERFACE; THERMOCLINE; CONVECTION; TRANSPORT; OCEAN; TURBULENCE; STABILITY AB This study examines the interaction of diffusive convection and shear through a series of 2D and 3D direct numerical simulations (DNS). The model employed is based on the Boussinesq equations of motion with oscillating shear represented by a forcing term in the momentum equation. This study calculates thermal diffusivities for a wide range of Froude numbers and density ratios and compares the results with those from the analysis of observational data gathered during a 2005 expedition to the eastern Weddell Sea. The patterns of layering and the strong dependence of thermal diffusivity on the density ratio described here are in agreement with observations. Additionally, the authors evaluate salinity fluxes that are inaccessible from field data and formulate a parameterization of buoyancy transport. The relative significance of double diffusion and shear is quantified through comparison of density fluxes, efficiency factor, and dissipation ratio for the regimes with/without diffusive convection. This study assesses the accuracy of the thermal production dissipation and turbulent kinetic energy balances, commonly used in microstructure-based observational studies, and quantifies the length of the averaging period required for reliable statistics and the spatial variability of heat flux. C1 [Flanagan, Jason D.; Radko, Timour; Shaw, William J.; Stanton, Timothy P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Flanagan, JD (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jdflanag@nps.edu FU NSF [ANT-0944536, ACI-1053575]; National Research Council Award at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey FX This work was supported by NSF Grant ANT-0944536. This research was performed while the first author Flanagan held a National Research Council Award at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant Number ACI-1053575. The authors thank Eric Kunze, Laurie Padman, and two anonymous reviewers for their many valuable comments and suggestions. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1992 EP 2012 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-043.1 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN1NE UT WOS:000340349800002 ER PT J AU Arbic, BK Muller, M Richman, JG Shriver, JF Morten, AJ Scott, RB Serazin, G Penduff, T AF Arbic, Brian K. Mueller, Malte Richman, James G. Shriver, Jay F. Morten, Andrew J. Scott, Robert B. Serazin, Guillaume Penduff, Thierry TI Geostrophic Turbulence in the Frequency-Wavenumber Domain: Eddy-Driven Low-Frequency Variability SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TIME SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; GLOBAL OCEAN; BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; KINETIC-ENERGY; SEA-LEVEL; RESOLUTION; SATELLITE AB Motivated by the potential of oceanic mesoscale eddies to drive intrinsic low-frequency variability, this paper examines geostrophic turbulence in the frequency-wavenumber domain. Frequency-wavenumber spectra, spectral fluxes, and spectral transfers are computed from an idealized two-layer quasigeostrophic (QG) turbulence model, a realistic high-resolution global ocean general circulation model, and gridded satellite altimeter products. In the idealized QG model, energy in low wavenumbers, arising from nonlinear interactions via the well-known inverse cascade, is associated with energy in low frequencies and vice versa, although not in a simple way. The range of frequencies that are highly energized and engaged in nonlinear transfer is much greater than the range of highly energized and engaged wavenumbers. Low-frequency, low-wavenumber energy is maintained primarily by nonlinearities in the QG model, with forcing and friction playing important but secondary roles. In the high-resolution ocean model, nonlinearities also generally drive kinetic energy to low frequencies as well as to low wavenumbers. Implications for the maintenance of low-frequency oceanic variability are discussed. The cascade of surface kinetic energy to low frequencies that predominates in idealized and realistic models is seen in some regions of the gridded altimeter product, but not in others. Exercises conducted with the general circulation model suggest that the spatial and temporal filtering inherent in the construction of gridded satellite altimeter maps may contribute to the discrepancies between the direction of the frequency cascade in models versus gridded altimeter maps seen in some regions. Of course, another potential reason for the discrepancy is missing physics in the models utilized here. C1 [Arbic, Brian K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mueller, Malte] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Richman, James G.; Shriver, Jay F.] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Morten, Andrew J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Scott, Robert B.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX USA. [Scott, Robert B.] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, Dept Phys, Brest, France. [Scott, Robert B.] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, LPO, Brest, France. [Serazin, Guillaume; Penduff, Thierry] CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, Grenoble, France. [Serazin, Guillaume; Penduff, Thierry] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. [Serazin, Guillaume] Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, Toulouse, France. RP Arbic, BK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 1100 North Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM arbic@umich.edu OI Arbic, Brian K/0000-0002-7969-2294 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-11-0487]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0960820, OCE-0960834, OCE-0851457]; University of Michigan faculty startup funds; project "Global and remote littoral forcing in global ocean models" - ONR; project "Ageostrophic vorticity dynamics of the ocean" - ONR [601153N]; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); National Oceanography Centre, Southampton; NASA; CNES; CNES/NASA Ocean Surface Topography Science Team (OST/ST) FX We thank three anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. Further helpful discussions with Glenn Flierl, Steve Griffies, Joe Pedlosky, and Carl Wunsch are gratefully acknowledged. BKA and AJM acknowledge support from Office of Naval Research (ONR) Grant N00014-11-0487, National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant OCE-0960820, and University of Michigan faculty startup funds. MM acknowledges support from a subcontract of the ONR grant above to the University of Victoria. JFS and JGR acknowledge support from the projects "Global and remote littoral forcing in global ocean models" and "Ageostrophic vorticity dynamics of the ocean," respectively, both sponsored by ONR under Program Element 601153N. RBS acknowledges support from Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NSF Grants OCE-0960834 and OCE-0851457, a contract with the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, and a NASA subcontract to Boston University. GS and TP acknowledge support from CNES. This work is a contribution to the CHAOCEAN project, supported by the CNES/NASA Ocean Surface Topography Science Team (OST/ST). The NRL contribution has been approved for public release. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2050 EP 2069 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-054.1 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN1NE UT WOS:000340349800005 ER PT J AU Castelle, B Reniers, A MacMahan, J AF Castelle, Bruno Reniers, Ad MacMahan, Jamie TI Bathymetric control of surf zone retention on a rip-channelled beach SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Rip current; Surf zone retention; Numerical modelling; Rip spacing; Surf zone width; Drifters ID LONGSHORE CURRENTS; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; EMBAYED BEACHES; CURRENT HAZARD; CIRCULATION; MORPHODYNAMICS; GENERATION; SYSTEMS; WAVES; COAST AB Simulations from a numerical model address the impact of nearshore morphology on surf zone retention on, open coast, rip-channelled beaches exposed to shore-normal waves. In the model, rip channels are regularly spaced alongshore with a given spacing lambda. For a given reference case bathymetry (lambda= 200 m), rip current circulations retain floating material at a hourly rate R of about 80 % which is in line with most existing field and laboratory studies in similar settings. The influence of a surf zone rip-channel morphology on surf zone retention is evaluated by a number of morphologic parameters. Results show that rip spacing is important. The ratio of the surf zone width X (s) to rip spacing lambda controls surf zone retention with R rapidly increasing with increasing X (s) /lambda up to a threshold of about 1 above which R levels off to become asymptotic to 100 %. The impact of the presence of a rip head bar is profound but nonlinear. The onset of wave breaking across the rip head bar drives a weak seaward located circulation providing major pathways for surface water exiting the surf zone compartment. Additional simulations suggest that alongshore variations in the offshore bathymetry are important. Patterns in the wave field enforced by wave refraction and potentially wave breaking across offshore bathymetric anomalies can provide a conduit for transporting floating material out of the surf zone and into the inner shelf region. This has major implications for surf zone flushing by inner-bar rips on multiple-barred beaches and on beaches facing bathymetric anomalies on the inner shelf. C1 [Castelle, Bruno] Univ Bordeaux 1, UMR EPOC, F-33405 Talence, France. [Reniers, Ad] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [MacMahan, Jamie] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Castelle, B (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, UMR EPOC, Ave Fac, F-33405 Talence, France. EM b.castelle@epoc.u-bordeaux1.fr FU NSF [OCE-0926750]; project BARBEC [ANR N2010 JCJC 602 01] FX This work was done within the framework of the French program EC2CO-Biohefect/Ecodyn/Dril/McrobiEN (Dynamique instationnaire et morphodynamique des courants darrachement) and project BARBEC (ANR N2010 JCJC 602 01). JM was supported by NSF OCE-0926750. The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments/suggestions helped improve and clarify this manuscript. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 64 IS 8 BP 1221 EP 1231 DI 10.1007/s10236-014-0747-0 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN1RK UT WOS:000340361100010 ER PT J AU Gompert, DC Libicki, M AF Gompert, David C. Libicki, Martin TI Cyber Warfare and Sino-American Crisis Instability SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Article C1 [Gompert, David C.; Libicki, Martin] US Naval Acad, Ctr Cyber Secur Studies, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gompert, David C.; Libicki, Martin] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. [Gompert, David C.] Board Global Integrated Serv, San Diego, CA USA. [Gompert, David C.] Natl Intelligence, Washington, DC USA. RP Gompert, DC (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Ctr Cyber Secur Studies, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 EI 1468-2699 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PD AUG-SEP PY 2014 VL 56 IS 4 BP 7 EP 21 DI 10.1080/00396338.2014.941543 PG 15 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA AN3GW UT WOS:000340475100001 ER PT J AU Sim, SL Szalewski, RJ Johnson, LJ Akah, LE Shoemaker, LE Thoreson, WB Margalit, E AF Sim, S. L. Szalewski, R. J. Johnson, L. J. Akah, L. E. Shoemaker, L. E. Thoreson, W. B. Margalit, E. TI Simultaneous recording of mouse retinal ganglion cells during epiretinal or subretinal stimulation SO VISION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Retina; Mouse; Electrical stimulation; Extracellular recording; Retinal prosthesis; High resolution electrode array ID ISOLATED CHICKEN RETINA; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; MORPHOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; ARTIFICIAL VISION; PIGMENTOSA; PHOTORECEPTORS; PROSTHESIS; RESOLUTION; INNER; DEGENERATION AB We compared response patterns and electrical receptive fields (ERF) of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) during epiretinal and subretinal electrical stimulation of isolated mouse retina. Retinas were stimulated with an array of 3200 independently controllable electrodes. Four response patterns were observed: a burst of activity immediately after stimulation (Type I cells, Vision Research (2008), 48, 1562-1568), delayed bursts beginning >25 ms after stimulation (Type II), a combination of both (Type III), and inhibition of ongoing spike activity. Type I responses were produced more often by epiretinal than subretinal stimulation whereas delayed and inhibitory responses were evoked more frequently by subretinal stimulation. Response latencies were significantly shorter with epiretinal than subretinal stimulation. These data suggest that subretinal stimulation is more effective at activating intraretinal circuits than epiretinal stimulation. There was no significant difference in charge threshold between subretinal and epiretinal configurations. ERFs were defined by the stimulating array surface area that successfully stimulated spikes in an RGC. ERFs were complex in shape, similar to receptive fields mapped with light. ERF areas were significantly smaller with subretinal than epiretinal stimulation. This may reflect the greater distance between stimulating electrodes and RGCs in the subretinal configuration. ERFs for immediate and delayed responses mapped within the same Type III cells differed in shape and size, consistent with different sites and mechanisms for generating these two response types. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sim, S. L.; Akah, L. E.; Shoemaker, L. E.; Thoreson, W. B.; Margalit, E.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Omaha, NE USA. [Thoreson, W. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Neurosci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Margalit, E.] VA Nebraska Western Iowa Hlth Care Syst, Omaha, NE 68105 USA. [Johnson, L. J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Margalit, E (reprint author), VA Nebraska Western Iowa Hlth Care Syst, Omaha, NE 68105 USA. EM emargalit@unmc.edu OI Thoreson, Wallace/0000-0001-7104-042X FU Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service; Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Review [C6583R]; Nebraska Research Initiative, Nebraska, USA; National Eye Institute, USA [EY10542]; Research to Prevent Blindness, USA, FX This work was done through the VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and is based upon work supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service.; This study was supported by a Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Review Grant #C6583R, unrestricted Grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, USA, Nebraska Research Initiative, Nebraska, USA, and National Eye Institute Grant EY10542, USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-6989 EI 1878-5646 J9 VISION RES JI Vision Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 101 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.visres.2014.05.005 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA AN1MU UT WOS:000340348800005 PM 24863584 ER PT J AU Carstairs, SD Lappan, CM Barry, JD AF Carstairs, S. D. Lappan, C. M. Barry, J. D. TI Toxicology teleconsultation for deployed US military personnel: a 10-year experience SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Public health; Medical toxicology; Occupational C1 [Lappan, C. M.] Southern Reg Med Command, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Barry, J. D.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Carstairs, S. D.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 EI 1556-9519 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 52 IS 7 MA 204 BP 774 EP 775 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AN0UE UT WOS:000340298700211 ER PT J AU Garcia-Cardona, C Merkurjev, E Bertozzi, AL Flenner, A Percus, AG AF Garcia-Cardona, Cristina Merkurjev, Ekaterina Bertozzi, Andrea L. Flenner, Arjuna Percus, Allon G. TI Multiclass Data Segmentation Using Diffuse Interface Methods on Graphs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE Segmentation; Ginzburg-Landau functional; diffuse interface; MBO scheme; graphs; convex splitting; image processing; high-dimensional data ID IMAGE SEGMENTATION; MEAN-CURVATURE; NYSTROM METHOD; MBO SCHEME; CLASSIFICATION; REGULARIZATION; CONVERGENCE; FRAMEWORK; MODELS; MOTION AB We present two graph-based algorithms for multiclass segmentation of high-dimensional data on graphs. The algorithms use a diffuse interface model based on the Ginzburg-Landau functional, related to total variation and graph cuts. A multiclass extension is introduced using the Gibbs simplex, with the functional's double-well potential modified to handle the multiclass case. The first algorithm minimizes the functional using a convex splitting numerical scheme. The second algorithm uses a graph adaptation of the classical numerical Merriman-Bence-Osher (MBO) scheme, which alternates between diffusion and thresholding. We demonstrate the performance of both algorithms experimentally on synthetic data, image labeling, and several benchmark data sets such as MNIST, COIL and WebKB. We also make use of fast numerical solvers for finding the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian, and take advantage of the sparsity of the matrix. Experiments indicate that the results are competitive with or better than the current state-of-the-art in multiclass graph-based segmentation algorithms for high-dimensional data. C1 [Garcia-Cardona, Cristina; Percus, Allon G.] Claremont Grad Univ, Inst Math Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Merkurjev, Ekaterina; Bertozzi, Andrea L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Flenner, Arjuna] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA USA. RP Garcia-Cardona, C (reprint author), Claremont Grad Univ, Inst Math Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM cristina.cgarcia@gmail.com; kmerkurev@math.ucla.edu; bertozzi@math.ucla.edu; arjuna.flenner@navy.mil; allon.percus@cgu.edu RI Bertozzi, Andrea/A-1831-2012 OI Bertozzi, Andrea/0000-0003-0396-7391 FU ONR [N000141210838, N000141210040, N0001413WX20136]; AFOSR MURI [FA9550-10-1-0569]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMS-1118971, DMS-0914856]; US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science's ASCR program in Applied Mathematics; W.M. Keck Foundation; NSF FX The authors are grateful to the reviewers for their comments and suggestions, which helped to improve the quality and readability of the manuscript. In addition, the authors would like to thank Chris Anderson for providing the code for the Rayleigh-Chebyshev procedure of [1]. This work was supported by ONR Grants N000141210838, N000141210040, N0001413WX20136, AFOSR MURI Grant FA9550-10-1-0569, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants DMS-1118971 and DMS-0914856, the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science's ASCR program in Applied Mathematics, and the W.M. Keck Foundation. Ekaterina Merkurjev is also supported by an NSF graduate fellowship. NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 EI 1939-3539 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1600 EP 1613 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2014.2300478 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AM9HN UT WOS:000340191900009 PM 26353341 ER PT J AU Cummings, JA Smedstad, OM AF Cummings, James A. Smedstad, Ole Martin TI Ocean Data Impacts in Global HYCOM SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODELING SYSTEM; ASSIMILATION; SENSITIVITY; VARIABILITY; FORMULATION; FORECAST AB The impact of the assimilation of ocean observations on reducing global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) 48-h forecast errors is presented. The assessment uses an adjoint-based data impact procedure that characterizes the forecast impact of every observation assimilated, and it allows the observation impacts to be partitioned by data type, geographic region, and vertical level. The impact cost function is the difference between HYCOM 48- and 72-h forecast errors computed for temperature and salinity at all model levels and grid points. It is shown that routine assimilation of large numbers of observations consistently reduces global HYCOM 48-h forecast errors for both temperature and salinity. The largest error reduction is due to the assimilation of temperature and salinity profiles from the tropical fixed mooring arrays, followed by Argo, expendable bathythermograph (XBT), and animal sensor data. On a per-observation basis, the most important global observing system is Argo. The beneficial impact of assimilating Argo temperature and salinity profiles extends to all depths sampled, with salinity impacts maximum at the surface and temperature impacts showing a subsurface maximum in the 100-200-m-depth range. The reduced impact of near-surface Argo temperature profile levels is due to the vertical covariances in the assimilation that extend the influence of the large number of sea surface temperature (SST) observations to the base of the mixed layer. Application of the adjoint-based data impact system to identify a data quality problem in a geostationary satellite SST observing system is also provided. C1 [Cummings, James A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Smedstad, Ole Martin] QinetiQ North Amer, Stennis Space Ctr, Waltham, MS USA. RP Cummings, JA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM james.cummings@nrlmry.navy.mil; ole.smedstad.ctr@nrlssc.navy.mil FU NRL base project "Observation Impact Using a Variational Adjoint System"; National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) through the project "U.S. GODAE: Global-Ocean Prediction with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM)"; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [61153N] FX This work was funded in part by the NRL base project "Observation Impact Using a Variational Adjoint System". Funding was also received from the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) through the project "U.S. GODAE: Global-Ocean Prediction with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM)" and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Program Element 61153N. The Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program provided grants of computer time at Major Shared Resource Centers operated by the Naval Oceanographic Office, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. We thank the two anonymous reviewers, whose comments and suggestions greatly improved the manuscript. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1771 EP 1791 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00011.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM9PC UT WOS:000340212500008 ER PT J AU Keller, JH Jones, SC Harr, PA AF Keller, Julia H. Jones, Sarah C. Harr, Patrick A. TI An Eddy Kinetic Energy View of Physical and Dynamical Processes in Distinct Forecast Scenarios for the Extratropical Transition of Two Tropical Cyclones SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; UPPER-LEVEL TROUGH; LIFE-CYCLE; RESONANT INTERACTION; DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS; TROPOPAUSE FRONT; LOCAL ENERGETICS; PART II; WAVE; REINTENSIFICATION AB The extratropical transition (ET) of Hurricane Hanna (2008) and Typhoon Choi-Wan (2009) caused a variety of forecast scenarios in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Ensemble Prediction System (EPS). The dominant development scenarios are extracted for two ensemble forecasts initialized prior to the ET of those tropical storms, using an EOF and fuzzy clustering analysis. The role of the transitioning tropical cyclone and its impact on the midlatitude flow in the distinct forecast scenarios is examined by conducting an analysis of the eddy kinetic energy budget in the framework of downstream baroclinic development. This budget highlights sources and sinks of eddy kinetic energy emanating from the transitioning tropical cyclone or adjacent upstream midlatitude flow features. By comparing the budget for several forecast scenarios for the ET of each of the two tropical cyclones, the role of the transitioning storms on the development in downstream regions is investigated. Distinct features during the interaction between the tropical cyclone and the midlatitude flow turned out to be important. In the case of Hurricane Hanna, the duration of baroclinic conversion from eddy available potential into eddy kinetic energy was important for the amplification of the midlatitude wave pattern and the subsequent reintensification of Hanna as an extratropical cyclone. In the case of Typhoon Choi-Wan, the phasing between the storm and the midlatitude flow was one of the most critical factors for the future development. C1 [Keller, Julia H.; Jones, Sarah C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK TRO, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Harr, Patrick A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Keller, JH (reprint author), Deutsch Wetterdienst, Frankfurter Str 135, D-63067 Offenbach, Germany. EM julia.keller@dwd.de FU German Research Council (DFG) as part of research unit PANDOWAE [FOR 896]; NSF [ATM-0736003] FX This study was supported by the German Research Council (DFG) as part of research unit PANDOWAE (FOR 896). The contribution of Patrick Harr was supported by NSF Grant ATM-0736003. We are grateful for constructive comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers. We thank Edmund Chang for important advice on the analysis method. Valuable comments and suggestions from Jason Cordeira, Heather Archambault, and Christian Grams helped to improve the manuscript significantly. Access to ECMWF data was provided via the special project "spdeet." We also thank Simon Lang for providing the experimental ECMWF EPS runs. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 142 IS 8 BP 2751 EP 2771 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00219.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM6YZ UT WOS:000340013200011 ER PT J AU Chen, BF Elsberry, RL Lee, CS AF Chen, Buo-Fu Elsberry, Russell L. Lee, Cheng-Shang TI Origin and Maintenance of the Long-Lasting, Outer Mesoscale Convective System in Typhoon Fengshen (2008) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED TROPICAL CYCLONE; BOUNDARY-LAYER STRUCTURE; SECONDARY WIND MAXIMA; PART II; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; HURRICANE RAINBANDS; SPIRAL RAINBANDS; AIR-FLOW; INTENSITY; DYNAMICS AB Outer mesoscale convective systems (OMCSs) are long-lasting, heavy rainfall events separate from the inner-core rainfall that have previously been shown to occur in 22% of western North Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs). Environmental conditions accompanying the development of 62 OMCSs are contrasted with the conditions in TCs that do not include an OMCS. The development, kinematic structure, and maintenance mechanisms of an OMCS that occurred to the southwest of Typhoon Fengshen (2008) are studied with Weather Research and Forecasting Model simulations. Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) observations and the simulations indicate the low-level TC circulation was deflected around the Luzon terrain and caused an elongated, north south moisture band to be displaced to the west such that the OMCS develops in the outer region of Fengshen rather than spiraling into the center. Strong northeasterly vertical wind shear contributed to frictional convergence in the boundary layer, and then the large moisture flux convergence in this moisture band led to the downstream development of the OMCS when the band interacted with the monsoon flow. As the OMCS developed in the region of low-level monsoon westerlies and midlevel northerlies associated with the outer circulation of Fengshen, the characteristic structure of a rear-fed inflow with a leading stratiform rain area in the cross-line direction (toward the south) was established. A cold pool (Delta theta < -3 K) associated with the large stratiform precipitation region led to continuous formation of new cells at the leading edge of the cold pool, which contributed to the long duration of the OMCS. C1 [Chen, Buo-Fu; Lee, Cheng-Shang] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Elsberry, Russell L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Lee, Cheng-Shang] Natl Appl Res Labs, Taiwan Typhoon & Flood Res Inst, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Lee, CS (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM cslee@ntu.edu.tw OI Lee, Cheng-Shang/0000-0003-4553-4172 FU National Taiwan University; Taiwan Typhoon Flood Research Institute of the National Applied Research Laboratories; National Science Council of the Republic of China (Taiwan) [NSC 98-2625-M-002-002, NSC 99-2625-M-002-013-MY3]; Marine Meteorology section, Office of Naval Research FX Buo-Fu Chen is supported by the National Taiwan University, and Professor Cheng-Shang Lee is supported by the National Taiwan University and the Taiwan Typhoon Flood Research Institute of the National Applied Research Laboratories. This research is supported by the National Science Council of the Republic of China (Taiwan) under Grants NSC 98-2625-M-002-002 and NSC 99-2625-M-002-013-MY3. Professor Russell L. Elsberry is supported by the Marine Meteorology section, Office of Naval Research. Mrs. Penny Jones provided excellent assistance in the manuscript preparation. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 142 IS 8 BP 2838 EP 2859 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00036.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM6YZ UT WOS:000340013200015 ER PT J AU Johnson, DC Thom, NJ Stanley, EA Haase, L Simmons, AN Shih, PAB Thompson, WK Potterat, EG Minor, TR Paulus, MP AF Johnson, Douglas C. Thom, Nathaniel J. Stanley, Elizabeth A. Haase, Lori Simmons, Alan N. Shih, Pei-an B. Thompson, Wesley K. Potterat, Eric G. Minor, Thomas R. Paulus, Martin P. TI Modifying Resilience Mechanisms in At-Risk Individuals: A Controlled Study of Mindfulness Training in Marines Preparing for Deployment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; INTEROCEPTIVE EXPOSURE; INSULA ACTIVATION; PANIC DISORDER; ANXIETY; STRESS; EMOTION; MEDITATION AB Objective: Military deployment can have profound effects on physical and mental health. Few studies have examined whether interventions prior to deployment can improve mechanisms underlying resilience. Mindfulness-based techniques have been shown to aid recovery from stress and may affect brain-behavior relationships prior to deployment. The authors examined the effect of mindfulness training on resilience mechanisms in active-duty Marines preparing for deployment. Method: Eight Marine infantry platoons (N=281) were randomly selected. Four platoons were assigned to receive mindfulness training (N=147) and four were assigned to a training-as-usual control condition (N=134). Platoons were assessed at baseline, 8 weeks after baseline, and during. and after a stressful combat training session approximately 9 weeks after baseline. The mindfulness training condition was delivered in the form of 8 weeks of Mindfulness-Based Mind Fitness Training (MMFT), a program comprising 20 hours of classroom instruction plus daily homework exercise's. MM FT emphasizes interoceptive awareness, attentional control, and tolerance of present-moment experiences. The main outcome measures were heart rate, breathing rate, plasma neuropeptide Y concentration, score on the Response to Stressful Experiences Scale, and brain activation as measured by functional MRI. Results: Marines who received MMFT showed greater reactivity (heart rate [d=0.43]) and enhanced recovery (heart rate [d=0.67], breathing rate [d=0.93]) after stressful training; lower plasma neuropeptide Y concentration after stressful training (d=0.38); and attenuated blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal in the right insula and anterior cingulate. Conclusions: The results show that mechanisms related to stress recovery can be modified in healthy individuals prior to stress exposure, with important implications for evidence-based mental health research and treatment. C1 [Johnson, Douglas C.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Wheaton Coll, Dept Appl Hlth Sci, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. Georgetown Univ, Edmund A Walsh Sch Foreign Serv, Washington, DC USA. Mind Fitness Training Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Naval Special Warfare Command, San Diego, CA USA. RP Johnson, DC (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM douglas.c.johnson@med.navy.mil RI Shih, Pei-an (Betty)/M-9504-2016 OI Shih, Pei-an (Betty)/0000-0001-5318-6476 FU Office of Naval Research [30]; Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery FX Supported in part by funding from the Office of Naval Research Code 30 and the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. This study is the result of work supported with resources and the use of facilities at the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force, Camp Pendleton, Calif., and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 51 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X EI 1535-7228 J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 171 IS 8 BP 844 EP 853 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13040502 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA AM6QE UT WOS:000339988900010 PM 24832476 ER PT J AU Wood, WW Wood, WT AF Wood, Warren W. Wood, Warren T. TI Fluxes versus the "Frankenstein" model of Earth Science education SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE General hydrogeology; Education C1 [Wood, Warren W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geosci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wood, Warren T.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wood, WW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geosci, 288 Farm Lane, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wwwood@msu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 EI 1435-0157 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 22 IS 5 BP 985 EP 986 DI 10.1007/s10040-014-1158-5 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AM4FX UT WOS:000339810000001 ER PT J AU Neek-Amal, M Xu, P Qi, D Thibado, PM Nyakiti, LO Wheeler, VD Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Peeters, FM AF Neek-Amal, M. Xu, P. Qi, D. Thibado, P. M. Nyakiti, L. O. Wheeler, V. D. Myers-Ward, R. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. Peeters, F. M. TI Membrane amplitude and triaxial stress in twisted bilayer graphene deciphered using first-principles directed elasticity theory and scanning tunneling microscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE AB Twisted graphene layers produce a moire pattern (MP) structure with a predetermined wavelength for a given twist angle. However, predicting the membrane corrugation amplitude for any angle other than pure AB-stacked or AA-stacked graphene is impossible using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) due to the large supercell. Here, within elasticity theory, we define the MP structure as the minimum-energy configuration, thereby leaving the height amplitude as the only unknown parameter. The latter is determined from DFT calculations for AB-and AA-stacked bilayer graphene in order to eliminate all fitting parameters. Excellent agreement with scanning tunneling microscopy results across multiple substrates is reported as a function of twist angle. C1 [Neek-Amal, M.] Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training Univ, Dept Phys, Tehran 16785136, Iran. [Neek-Amal, M.; Peeters, F. M.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Phys, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Xu, P.] Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Xu, P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Qi, D.; Thibado, P. M.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Nyakiti, L. O.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wheeler, V. D.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wheeler, V. D.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wheeler, V. D.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Neek-Amal, M (reprint author), Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training Univ, Dept Phys, Tehran 16785136, Iran. RI CMT, UAntwerpen Group/A-5523-2016 FU Flemish Science Foundation (FWO-Vl); Methusalem Foundation of the Flemish Government; EU-Marie Curie IIF postdoctoral Fellowship [299855]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0181]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0855358]; American Society for Engineering Education and Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellow Program; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO-Vl) and the Methusalem Foundation of the Flemish Government. M.N.-A. was supported by the EU-Marie Curie IIF postdoctoral Fellowship No. 299855. P.M.T. is thankful for the financial support of the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-10-1-0181 and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0855358. L.O.N. acknowledges the support of the American Society for Engineering Education and Naval Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellow Program. Work at the US Naval Research Laboratory is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 6 AR 064101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.064101 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AM6SS UT WOS:000339995800001 ER PT J AU Ackermann, M Ajello, M Albert, A Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bottacini, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caragiulo, M Caraveo, PA Cavazzuti, E Charles, E Chekhtman, A Cheung, CC Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Conrad, J Corbel, S D'Ammando, F de Angelis, A den Hartog, PR de Palma, F Dermer, CD Desiante, R Digel, SW Di Venere, L Silva, EDE Donato, D Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Favuzzi, C Ferrara, EC Focke, WB Franckowiak, A Fuhrmann, L Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Hewitt, JW Hill, AB Hou, X Jean, P Jogler, T Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kuss, M Larsson, S Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Manfreda, A Martin, P Massaro, F Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nemmen, R Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Razzaque, S Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Parkinson, PMS Schaal, M Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stawarz, L Suson, DJ Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Torres, DF Tosti, G Troja, E Uchiyama, Y Vianello, G Winer, BL Wolff, MT Wood, DL Wood, KS Wood, M Charbonnel, S Corbet, RHD Aquino, ID Edlin, JP Mason, E Schwarz, GJ Shore, SN Starrfield, S Teyssier, F AF Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Albert, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P. A. Cavazzuti, E. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, J. Corbel, S. D'Ammando, F. de Angelis, A. den Hartog, P. R. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Desiante, R. Digel, S. W. Di Venere, L. do Couto e Silva, E. Donato, D. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Favuzzi, C. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fuhrmann, L. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hewitt, J. W. Hill, A. B. Hou, X. Jean, P. Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kuss, M. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Manfreda, A. Martin, P. Massaro, F. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Schaal, M. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stawarz, L. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Uchiyama, Y. Vianello, G. Winer, B. L. Wolff, M. T. Wood, D. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Charbonnel, S. Corbet, R. H. D. Aquino, I. De Gennaro Edlin, J. P. Mason, E. Schwarz, G. J. Shore, S. N. Starrfield, S. Teyssier, F. CA Fermi-LAT Collaboration TI Fermi establishes classical novae as a distinct class of gamma-ray sources SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID V407 CYGNI; EMISSION; ACCELERATION; SUBCLASS; OUTBURST AB A classical nova results from runaway thermonuclear explosions on the surface of a white dwarf that accretes matter from a low-mass main-sequence stellar companion. In 2012 and 2013, three novae were detected in gamma rays and stood in contrast to the first gamma-ray-detected nova V407 Cygni 2010, which belongs to a rare class of symbiotic binary systems. Despite likely differences in the compositions and masses of their white dwarf progenitors, the three classical novae are similarly characterized as soft-spectrum transient gamma-ray sources detected over 2- to 3-week durations. The gamma-ray detections point to unexpected high-energy particle acceleration processes linked to the mass ejection from thermonuclear explosions in an unanticipated class of Galactic gamma-ray sources. C1 [Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Ajello, M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Albert, A.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; den Hartog, P. R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Albert, A.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bottacini, E.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chekhtman, A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; den Hartog, P. R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hill, A. B.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Vianello, G.; Wood, M.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Kuss, M.; Manfreda, A.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.; Shore, S. N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Corbel, S.; Rando, R.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA IRFU, Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Desiante, R.; Grenier, I. A.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Pivato, G.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.] Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Donato, D.; Ferrara, E. C.; Guiriec, S.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Hewitt, J. W.; McEnery, J. E.; Nemmen, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.; Corbet, R. H. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bregeon, J.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Bruel, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Caliandro, G. A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Caragiulo, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Ciprini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Wolff, M. T.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Corbel, S.] Inst Univ France, F-75005 Paris, France. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Desiante, R.] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Di Venere, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Donato, D.; Hewitt, J. W.; Nemmen, R.; Corbet, R. H. D.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Donato, D.; McEnery, J. E.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Donato, D.; McEnery, J. E.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Drlica-Wagner, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Fuhrmann, L.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Fukazawa, Y.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Hadasch, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hadasch, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hayashida, M.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Hewitt, J. W.; Nemmen, R.; Corbet, R. H. D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hewitt, J. W.; Nemmen, R.; Corbet, R. H. D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Hill, A. B.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Hou, X.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Reposeur, T.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Jean, P.; Knoedlseder, J.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Jean, P.; Knoedlseder, J.; Martin, P.] Univ Toulouse, GAHEC, IRAP, UPS OMP, Toulouse, France. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Kerr, M.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO Astron & Space Sci, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Massaro, F.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Massaro, F.] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Mitthumsiri, W.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Morselli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Murgia, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Razzaque, S.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Phys, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parkinson, P. M. Saz] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Schaal, M.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Stawarz, L.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Tanaka, T.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto 606, Japan. [Torres, D. F.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEE CSIC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wood, D. L.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [Charbonnel, S.] Durtal Observ, F-49430 Durtal, France. [Aquino, I. De Gennaro; Shore, S. N.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis Enrico Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Aquino, I. De Gennaro] Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. [Edlin, J. P.] Ammon, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. [Mason, E.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. [Schwarz, G. J.] Amer Astron Soc, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Starrfield, S.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Cheung, CC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM teddy.cheung@nrl.navy.mil; pierre.jean@irap.omp.eu; shore@df.unipi.it RI Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Di Venere, Leonardo/C-7619-2017; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016 OI Di Venere, Leonardo/0000-0003-0703-824X; mason, elena/0000-0003-3877-0484; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850 FU Naval Research Laboratory by a Karles' Fellowship; NASA through DPR program [S-15633-Y]; NASA through Guest Investigator program [11-FERMI11-0030, 12-FERMI12-0026]; NASA; NSF FX The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges support for LAT development, operation, and data analysis from NASA and the Department of Energy (United States), CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and INFN (Italy), MEXT, KEK, and JAXA (Japan), and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the National Space Board (Sweden). Science analysis support in the operations phase from INAF (Italy) and CNES (France) is also gratefully acknowledged. We acknowledge with thanks the variable star observations from the American Association of Variable Star Observers International Database contributed by observers worldwide and used in this research and the dedicated observers of the Astronomical Ring for Access to Spectroscopy (ARAS) group for their tireless and selfless efforts. C.C.C. was supported at the Naval Research Laboratory by a Karles' Fellowship and by NASA through DPR S-15633-Y and Guest Investigator programs 11-FERMI11-0030 and 12-FERMI12-0026. S. S. was supported by NASA and NSF grants to Arizona State University. The Fermi-LAT data reported in this paper are available from http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/data/access. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 345 IS 6196 BP 554 EP 558 DI 10.1126/science.1253947 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM2AU UT WOS:000339651300043 ER PT J AU Li, WW Wang, Z Peng, MS Ridout, JA AF Li, Weiwei Wang, Zhuo Peng, Melinda S. Ridout, James A. TI Evaluation of Tropical Intraseasonal Variability and Moist Processes in the NOGAPS Analysis and Short-Term Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; MJO SIMULATION DIAGNOSTICS; LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENT; CUMULUS CLOUD ENSEMBLE; PART I; ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; UNDERSTANDING ADVANCES; INTERIM REANALYSIS AB Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) analysis and operational forecasts are evaluated against the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim; ERAI) and satellite data, and compared with the Global Forecast System (GFS) analysis and forecasts, using both performance-and physics-based metrics. The NOGAPS analysis captures realistic Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) signals in the dynamic fields and the low-level premoistening leading to active convection, but the MJO signals in the relative humidity (RH) and diabatic heating rate (Q1) fields are weaker than those in the ERAI or the GFS analysis. The NOGAPS forecasts, similar to the GFS forecasts, have relatively low prediction skill for the MJO when the MJO initiates over the Indian Ocean and when active convection is over the Maritime Continent. The NOGAPS short-term precipitation forecasts are broadly consistent with the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) precipitation results with regionally quantitative differences. Further evaluation of the precipitation and column water vapor (CWV) indicates that heavy precipitation develops too early in the NO GAPS forecasts in terms of the CWV, and the NO GAPS forecasts show a dry bias in the CWV increasing with forecast lead time. The NOGAPS underpredicts light and moderate-to-heavy precipitation but overpredicts extremely heavy rainfall. The vertical profiles of RH and Q1 reveal a dry bias within the marine boundary layer and a moist bias above. The shallow heating mode is found to be missing for CWV < 50 mm in the NO GAPS forecasts. The diabatic heating biases are associated with weaker trade winds, weaker Hadley and Walker circulations over the Pacific, and weaker cross-equatorial flow over the Indian Ocean in the NOGAPS forecasts. C1 [Li, Weiwei; Wang, Zhuo] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Peng, Melinda S.; Ridout, James A.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RP Li, WW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM wli16@illinois.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0446] FX The authors thank Dr. Maria Flatau and Dr. Tim Dunkerton for helpful discussions and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments on the submitted manuscript of this article. We also thank Dr. Michael Montgomery for providing the NO GAPS and GFS forecast data and NOAA/OAR/ESRL/PSD for providing the ERA-Interim data. This work is supported by Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-11-1-0446. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 29 IS 4 BP 975 EP 995 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00010.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM1XY UT WOS:000339643800011 ER PT J AU Schaffner, DA Brown, MR Lukin, VS AF Schaffner, D. A. Brown, M. R. Lukin, V. S. TI TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL TURBULENT SPECTRA OF MHD PLASMA AND AN OBSERVATION OF VARIANCE ANISOTROPY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); methods: data analysis; plasmas; solar wind; turbulence ID SOLAR-WIND TURBULENCE; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; FLUCTUATIONS; FIELD; POWER; SPHEROMAK; SCALES; WAVES AB The nature of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is analyzed through both temporal and spatial magnetic fluctuation spectra. A magnetically turbulent plasma is produced in the MHD wind tunnel configuration of the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment. The power of magnetic fluctuations is projected into directions perpendicular and parallel to a local mean field; the ratio of these quantities shows the presence of variance anisotropy which varies as a function of frequency. Comparisons among magnetic, velocity, and density spectra are also made, demonstrating that the energy of the turbulence observed is primarily seeded by magnetic fields created during plasma production. Direct spatial spectra are constructed using multi-channel diagnostics and are used to compare to frequency spectra converted to spatial scales using the Taylor hypothesis. Evidence for the observation of dissipation due to ion inertial length scale physics is also discussed, as well as the role laboratory experiments can play in understanding turbulence typically studied in space settings such as the solar wind. Finally, all turbulence results are shown to compare fairly well to a Hall-MHD simulation of the experiment. C1 [Schaffner, D. A.; Brown, M. R.] Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Lukin, V. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Schaffner, DA (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. FU DOE OFES; NSF CMSO FX We gratefully acknowledge many useful discussions with William Matthaeus, Greg Howes, Kris Klein, Robert Wicks, Jason TenBarge, and Adrian Wan. This work has been funded by DOE OFES and NSF CMSO. The simulations were performed using the advanced computing resources (Cray XC30 Edison system) at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 790 IS 2 AR 126 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/790/2/126 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AL4PV UT WOS:000339115800043 ER PT J AU Spitler, LG Cordes, JM Hessels, JWT Lorimer, DR McLaughlin, MA Chatterjee, S Crawford, F Deneva, JS Kaspi, VM Wharton, RS Allen, B Bogdanov, S Brazier, A Camilo, F Freire, PCC Jenet, FA Karako-Argaman, C Knispel, B Lazarus, P Lee, KJ van Leeuwen, J Lynch, R Ransom, SM Scholz, P Siemens, X Stairs, IH Stovall, K Swiggum, JK Venkataraman, A Zhu, WW Aulbert, C Fehrmann, H AF Spitler, L. G. Cordes, J. M. Hessels, J. W. T. Lorimer, D. R. McLaughlin, M. A. Chatterjee, S. Crawford, F. Deneva, J. S. Kaspi, V. M. Wharton, R. S. Allen, B. Bogdanov, S. Brazier, A. Camilo, F. Freire, P. C. C. Jenet, F. A. Karako-Argaman, C. Knispel, B. Lazarus, P. Lee, K. J. van Leeuwen, J. Lynch, R. Ransom, S. M. Scholz, P. Siemens, X. Stairs, I. H. Stovall, K. Swiggum, J. K. Venkataraman, A. Zhu, W. W. Aulbert, C. Fehrmann, H. TI FAST RADIO BURST DISCOVERED IN THE ARECIBO PULSAR ALFA SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars: general ID NEUTRON-STARS; REIONIZATION HISTORY; DISPERSION MEASURE; TRANSIENTS; ORIGIN; ENVIRONMENT; SEARCHES; CATALOG AB Recent work has exploited pulsar survey data to identify temporally isolated, millisecond-duration radio bursts with large dispersion measures (DMs). These bursts have been interpreted as arising from a population of extragalactic sources, in which case they would provide unprecedented opportunities for probing the intergalactic medium; they may also be linked to new source classes. Until now, however, all so-called fast radio bursts (FRBs) have been detected with the Parkes radio telescope and its 13-beam receiver, casting some concern about the astrophysical nature of these signals. Here we present FRB 121102, the first FRB discovery from a geographic location other than Parkes. FRB 121102 was found in the Galactic anti-center region in the 1.4 GHz Pulsar Arecibo L-band Feed Array (ALFA) survey with the Arecibo Observatory with a DM = 557.4 +/- 2.0 pc cm(-3), pulse width of 3.0 +/- 0.5 ms, and no evidence of interstellar scattering. The observed delay of the signal arrival time with frequency agrees precisely with the expectation of dispersion through an ionized medium. Despite its low Galactic latitude (b = -0 degrees.2), the burst has three times the maximum Galactic DM expected along this particular line of sight, suggesting an extragalactic origin. A peculiar aspect of the signal is an inverted spectrum; we interpret this as a consequence of being detected in a sidelobe of the ALFA receiver. FRB 121102's brightness, duration, and the inferred event rate are all consistent with the properties of the previously detected Parkes bursts. C1 [Spitler, L. G.; Freire, P. C. C.; Lazarus, P.; Lee, K. J.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Cordes, J. M.; Chatterjee, S.; Wharton, R. S.; Brazier, A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hessels, J. W. T.; van Leeuwen, J.] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Hessels, J. W. T.; van Leeuwen, J.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Lorimer, D. R.; McLaughlin, M. A.; Swiggum, J. K.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Crawford, F.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. [Deneva, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kaspi, V. M.; Karako-Argaman, C.; Lynch, R.; Scholz, P.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Allen, B.; Siemens, X.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Allen, B.; Knispel, B.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Allen, B.; Knispel, B.; Aulbert, C.; Fehrmann, H.] Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Bogdanov, S.; Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Camilo, F.; Venkataraman, A.] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Jenet, F. A.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Ctr Gravitat Wave Astron, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Lee, K. J.] Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Ransom, S. M.] NRAO, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Stairs, I. H.; Zhu, W. W.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Stovall, K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Spitler, LG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM lspitler@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de OI Aulbert, Carsten/0000-0002-1481-8319; Allen, Bruce/0000-0003-4285-6256; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714 FU National Science Foundation [AST-1100968]; ERC Starting grant DRAGNET [337062]; NSF [1104617]; NSERC; FQRNT via the Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Quebec; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; IMPRS Bonn/Cologne; FQRNT [B2] FX We thank the referee for extensive comments that significantly improved the clarity of this paper. We thank M. Kramer, B. Stappers, and R. Ekers for useful discussions. The Arecibo Observatory is operated by SRI International under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (AST-1100968), and in alliance with Ana G. Mendez-Universidad Metropolitana, and the Universities Space Research Association. These data were processed on the ATLAS cluster of the Max-Planck-Institut fur Gravitationsphysik/Albert-Einstein Institut, Hannover, Germany. L. G. S. and P. C. C. F. gratefully acknowledge financial support by the European Research Council for the ERC Starting grant BEACON under contract No. 279702. J.W.T.H. acknowledges funding for this work from ERC Starting grant DRAGNET (337062). Work at Cornell (J.M.C., S. C.) was supported by NSF grant 1104617. V. M. K. holds the Lorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics and Cosmology and a Canadian Research Chair in Observational Astrophysics and received additional support from NSERC via a Discovery Grant and Accelerator Supplement, by FQRNT via the Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Quebec, and by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. Pulsar research at UBC is supported by NSERC Discovery and Discovery Accelerator Supplement Grants as well as by the CFI and CANARIE. P. L. acknowledges the support of IMPRS Bonn/Cologne and FQRNT B2. NR 40 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 790 IS 2 AR 101 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/790/2/101 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AL4PV UT WOS:000339115800018 ER PT J AU Subramanian, P Arunbabu, KP Vourlidas, A Mauriya, A AF Subramanian, Prasad Arunbabu, K. P. Vourlidas, Angelos Mauriya, Adwiteey TI SELF-SIMILAR EXPANSION OF SOLAR CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR LORENTZ SELF-FORCE DRIVING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPES; PROPAGATION; HELICITY; CLOUDS; ACCELERATION; CONSEQUENCES; SPACECRAFT; ENERGETICS; FIELDS; FLOW AB We examine the propagation of several coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with well-observed flux rope signatures in the field of view of the SECCHI coronagraphs on board the STEREO satellites using the graduated cylindrical shell fitting method of Thernisien et al. We find that the manner in which they propagate is approximately self-similar; i.e., the ratio (kappa) of the flux rope minor radius to its major radius remains approximately constant with time. We use this observation of self-similarity to draw conclusions regarding the local pitch angle (gamma) of the flux rope magnetic field and the misalignment angle (chi) between the current density J and the magnetic field B. Our results suggest that the magnetic field and current configurations inside flux ropes deviate substantially from a force-free state in typical coronagraph fields of view, validating the idea of CMEs being driven by Lorentz self-forces. C1 [Subramanian, Prasad; Arunbabu, K. P.; Mauriya, Adwiteey] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Vourlidas, Angelos] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Subramanian, P (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. EM p.subramanian@iiserpune.ac.in RI K. P., Arun Babu/P-9444-2016; Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 FU Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development, Tokyo; NASA [S-136361-Y] FX We acknowledge insightful comments from the anonymous referee that have helped improve the paper. P. S. and K. P. A. acknowledge support from the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development, Tokyo. We thank Bhavesh Khamesra and Nishtha Sachdeva for help with analyzing the SECCHI data. A. V. is supported by NASA contract S-136361-Y to NRL. STEREO is the third mission in NASA's Solar Terrestrial Probes program. The SECCHI data are produced by an international consortium of the NRL, LMSAL, and NASA GSFC (USA), RAL and University of Birmingham (UK), MPS(Germany), CSL (Belgium), and IOTA and IAS (France). NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 790 IS 2 AR 125 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/790/2/125 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AL4PV UT WOS:000339115800042 ER PT J AU DeMaio, M AF DeMaio, Marlene TI Giants of Orthopaedic Surgery: Carlos E. Ottolenghi MD (1904-1984) SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID ASPIRATION BIOPSY; SPINE; BONE C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23703 USA. RP DeMaio, M (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23703 USA. EM marlene.demaio@gmail.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-921X EI 1528-1132 J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 472 IS 8 BP 2334 EP 2337 DI 10.1007/s11999-014-3731-6 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA AL3AK UT WOS:000338997100006 PM 24942965 ER PT J AU Rice, M AF Rice, Matthew TI Plasticizer loading in acoustic encapsulants SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE DMA; Polyurethane; Plasticizer; Acoustic; Diffusion; Damping AB Acoustically transparent elastomers are the windows through which the United States Navy views the ocean. For acoustic clarity and sensitivity, it is important that the elastomer operates well outside damping conditions as dictated by the temperatures and frequencies of interest. Damping behavior is characterized by a peak in the loss tangent. However, the temperature and frequency location of this peak can shift in response to absorbed plasticizing fluids. This material characteristic is under investigation using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to assess its dependence on the plasticizer and polyurethane component chemistry. In this first stage of the research, a temperature range from -100 to 100 A degrees C and samples saturated with fluid were explored by DMA to determine the limiting behavior of the samples, enabling more detailed investigation in future work. Association of absorbed plasticizers with polyurethane components by polarity was demonstrated in the results by the shifting of the appropriate hard and soft block loss tangent peak. C1 Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Devices Sensors & Mat Res & Dev Branch, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Rice, M (reprint author), Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Devices Sensors & Mat Res & Dev Branch, Sensors & Sonar Syst Dept, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM matthew.a.rice@navy.mil FU In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program of the Office of Naval Research; New Professional Development Program (NPDP) of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center division Newport, Rhode Island FX The author wishes to thank Dr. Thomas S. Ramotowski for his mentoring and guidance. This work was supported by the In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program of the Office of Naval Research, and by the New Professional Development Program (NPDP) of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center division Newport, Rhode Island. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 EI 1572-8943 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 117 IS 2 BP 661 EP 664 DI 10.1007/s10973-014-3781-8 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA AL7UM UT WOS:000339341300017 ER PT J AU Martin, MS Wijesundera, D Thompson, PE Wang, XM Chu, WK Shao, L AF Martin, Michael S. Wijesundera, Dharshana Thompson, Phillip E. Wang, Xuemei Chu, Wei-Kan Shao, Lin TI Experimental and modeling study on increasing accuracy of strain measurement by ion beam analysis in SiGe strained layer thin films SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Amer Vacuum Soc, Pacific NW Chapter, Seattle, WA HO Amer Vacuum Soc, Pacific NW Chapter DE Rutherford backscattering; Ion channeling; Strained layer thin films; Molecular beam epitaxy AB We have used Rutherford backscattering spectrometry to characterize Si/epsilon-Si0.8Ge0.2/Si strained-layer heterogeneous epitaxial structures. Two-dimensional yield mapping of backscattered 2 MeV He atoms as a function of tilting angles around off-normal < 1 1 0 > axis are obtained. For Si/Si0.8Ge0.2/Si with buried strained layer, we observe distortion of (1 1 0) planar minimum in yield mapping from Ge. The distortion features slightly decreasing angular offsets with decreasing tilting away from < 1 1 0 > axis. Our finding suggests that strain measurements using one dimensional angular scan within or close to (1 0 0) plane will lead to strain underestimation. A two dimensional yield mapping is preferred over one dimensional angular scan for high accuracy in strain measurements, so the angular off-set can be measured in a region free of distortion. The experimental observations are in good agreement with our modeling prediction. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, Michael S.; Shao, Lin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wijesundera, Dharshana; Wang, Xuemei; Chu, Wei-Kan] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Wijesundera, Dharshana; Wang, Xuemei; Chu, Wei-Kan] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Thompson, Phillip E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM lshao@tamu.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 332 BP 385 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2014.02.102 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA AL4UV UT WOS:000339131200086 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Suman, DS Bertrand, J Dong, LM Gaugler, R AF Wang, Yi Suman, Devi S. Bertrand, Jacques Dong, Limin Gaugler, Randy TI Dual-treatment autodissemination station with enhanced transfer of an insect growth regulator to mosquito oviposition sites SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; autodissemination; container mosquito; insect growth regulator; pyriproxyfen ID AEDES-ALBOPICTUS DIPTERA; ATTRACTANT PHEROMONE; LARVAL HABITATS; CULICIDAE; AEGYPTI; PYRIPROXYFEN; RESPONSES AB BACKGROUND: The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), transmits important arboviral diseases and displaces native species. This peridomestic mosquito deposits eggs in natural and artificial containers. Container larval habitats tend to be cryptic and, therefore, difficult to reach by conventional insecticide treatments. We have developed an autodissemination station that transfers the insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen, from the station to oviposition sites. Mosquitoes visiting the station become contaminated with an oil sticker followed by pyriproxyfen powder before exiting. RESULTS: In a room (31 m(3)) bioassay a single station consistently achieved 100% Ae. albopictus pupal mortality against 10 oviposition containers. In a greenhouse (200 m(3)) assay with two stations and 12 oviposition cups, 91.7% of the cups had been contaminated as shown, and 57.1% pupal mortality was recorded. Pyriproxyfen transfer was also detected by visualizing mosquito 'tarsal prints' using a fluorescent dye. CONCLUSIONS: The oil and pyriproxyfen powder dual-treatment station enhanced autodissemination efficacy by increasing toxicant attachment and retention on contaminated females. The autodissemination station offers a targeted, less environmentally damaging approach to manage cryptic container species. (C) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Wang, Yi; Suman, Devi S.; Gaugler, Randy] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Bertrand, Jacques] Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Tech Dev Dept, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Dong, Limin] Northeast Agr Univ, Harbin, Peoples R China. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, 180 Jones Ave, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM ywangs@hotmail.com FU Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program - US Department of Defense through Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX We thank L. McCuiston for laboratory assistance. This work was supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1299 EP 1304 DI 10.1002/ps.3702 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA AL2HM UT WOS:000338946600019 PM 24307332 ER PT J AU Spaniol, A Mulla, BM Daily, JG Ennen, CS AF Spaniol, Alison Mulla, Bethany M. Daily, Jason G. Ennen, Christopher S. TI Carney Complex A Rare Cause of Cushing Syndrome in Pregnancy SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND: Carney complex is a rare, autosomal-dominant, multisystem disorder characterized by endocrine overactivity, spotty skin pigmentation, and myxomas. CASE: We present the case of a 24-year-old primigravid woman with a pregnancy complicated by Carney complex. At 18 weeks of gestation, severe hypertension developed. Medical history was significant for chronic hypertension, nephrolithiasis, and an atrial myxoma excised in 2011. She had Cushingoid features, an elevated 24-hour urine free cortisol, and a cutaneous myxoma. At 26 weeks of gestation, superimposed preeclampsia developed. She underwent a primary classical cesarean delivery, delivering a live female weighing 650 g. CONCLUSION: Carney complex is a rare cause of hypercortisolism and hypertension during pregnancy. It should be considered when features of Cushing syndrome and severe hypertension are present. C1 [Mulla, Bethany M.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Endocrinol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Maternal Fetal Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Mulla, BM (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM bethany.mulla@med.navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 124 IS 2 SU 1 BP 426 EP 428 DI 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000340 PN 2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA V42GI UT WOS:000209601900007 PM 25004313 ER PT J AU Caranta, DG Lee, AM Pennington, D Zelig, CM AF Caranta, Diane G. Lee, Amy M. Pennington, David Zelig, Craig M. TI Complications From Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Mistaken for Medical Complications in Gravid Patients SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND: The increased frequency of bariatric surgery has resulted in a growing number of intrapartum surgical emergencies including internal hernia, bowel obstruction, and gastric rupture. CASE: We describe the cases of three gravid women with history of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery who experienced significant complications during subsequent pregnancy. Two patients became hemodynamically unstable and required emergent laparotomy. In both cases, fetal outcomes were poor but the patients ultimately recovered after prolonged hospital courses. In the third patient, early recognition allowed for a minimally invasive surgical correction. CONCLUSION: After bariatric surgery, patients who become pregnant are at risk for serious postoperative complications. Because symptoms can be subtle, a high index of suspicion and early intervention by a multidisciplinary team is necessary to prevent catastrophic outcomes. C1 [Caranta, Diane G.; Lee, Amy M.; Pennington, David; Zelig, Craig M.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Lee, AM (reprint author), 77 Nealy Ave, Langley Afb, VA 23665 USA. EM amymilee@gmail.com NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 124 IS 2 SU 1 BP 464 EP 466 DI 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000380 PN 2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA V42GI UT WOS:000209601900021 PM 25004321 ER PT J AU Holman, RA Lalejini, DM Edwards, K Veeramony, J AF Holman, Robert A. Lalejini, David M. Edwards, Kacey Veeramony, Jay TI A parametric model for barred equilibrium beach profiles SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bathymetry estimation; Remote sensing; Nearshore; Equilibrium beach; Parametric profiles AB Environment predictions for locations for which bathymetric data is missing, poor or outdated requires the use of some sort of representative bathymetric form, usually one that is concave up but monotonic. We propose and test a parametric form that superimposes realistic sand bars (Ruessink et al., 2003b) on a background profile that mixes a concave up nearshore with a planar far field behavior. Implementation at any new site involves estimation of five parameters, three that can be found from approximate information from climatology or old offshore charts, one that can be estimated by almost any remote sensing modality and one, h(sea) that is less well understood but mostly affects deeper bathymetry that has little impact on the resulting surf zone hydrodynamics. Tests against several hundred surveys at three diverse locations show that bathymetry is better estimated by the new barred form than with a previous monotonic profiles in about 80% of cases. The remaining cases are usually associated with the parametric prediction of bars that look realistic but are out of phase. The presence of parametric bars has an even greater impact on predicted hydrodynamics since wave breaking is concentrated at sand bar locations. Modeled cross-shore transects of alongshore current and wave height over the measured survey profile are well represented by modeled transects over the barred parametric form but not for results over a Dean profile. The peak alongshore current strength and location are particularly sensitive to the presence of a sand bar. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Holman, Robert A.; Lalejini, David M.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Edwards, Kacey; Veeramony, Jay] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Holman, RA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Code 7440-3,Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM holman@coas.oregonstate.edu; David.Lalejini@nrlssc.navy.mil; kacey.edwards@nrlssc.navy.mil; jay.veeramony@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research through the 6.2 NRL Rapid Transition Project "Coastal Surge and Inundation Prediction System" [0602435N] FX The work was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the 6.2 NRL Rapid Transition Project "Coastal Surge and Inundation Prediction System", Program Element #0602435N. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 EI 1872-7379 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 90 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.03.005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA AJ7JP UT WOS:000337873300007 ER PT J AU Zipf, RK Gamezo, VN Mohamed, KM Oran, ES Kessler, DA AF Zipf, Richard K., Jr. Gamezo, Vadim N. Mohamed, Khaled M. Oran, Elaine S. Kessler, David A. TI Deflagration-to-detonation transition in natural gas-air mixtures SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Deflagration-to-detonation transition; Gas explosions; Flame acceleration; Natural gas-air ID METHANE AB The gas explosion test facility (GETF) previously used to study detonability of natural gas (NG)-air mixtures was modified for studies of flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). The 73-m-long by 1.05-m-diameter tube was equipped with 15 baffles of varying blockage ratio (BR) = 0.13, 0.25, or 0.50, placed near the closed end of the tube and spaced 1.52-m apart. The remaining part of the tube was smooth. Experiments used mixtures between 5.1% and 15.0% NG-air. Ignition was achieved in NG-air mixtures over the composition range 6.1-14.1%. After passing the 15 baffles, both flame and pressure wave velocity were more than 300 m/s over this range. Flame velocity was increasing over the range 6.2-12.8% NG-air, and it reached the sound speed in the burned gases (800-1000 m/s) over the composition range 8.0-10.8% NC-air. Pressure wave velocity was increasing over the composition range 6.1-14.1% NC-air and had reached sonic velocity over the composition range 6.2-12.6% NG-air. Shock waves with magnitude greater than 1 MPa were measured in all tests over the composition range 6.5-12.4%. DDT within the baffled section of the tube and sustained detonations beyond the baffles in the smooth part of the tube were observed over the composition range 8.0-10.8% NG-air. The observed run-up length to sonic flame velocity normalized by the tube diameter, X-ru/D, ranges from 16 to 23 at BR = 0.13, 10 to 21 for BR = 0.25, and 13 to 21 for BR = 0.50. The observed run-up length to DDT normalized by the tube diameter, X-DDT/D, ranges from 19 to 23 at BR = 0.13, and 16 to 23 for BR = 0.25 and 0.50. Coal mine safety regulations in the US require mine seals to resist an explosion pressure-time curve that rises instantaneously to 0.8 MPa and remains at that level for 4 s. Pressure-time curves measured in these experiments show that shock waves with near-instantaneous rise time and magnitude greater than 1 MPa can develop from weak spark ignition after passing 15 turbulence-generating obstacles in test mixtures ranging from 6.5% to 12.4% NC-air. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Zipf, Richard K., Jr.; Mohamed, Khaled M.] Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Gamezo, Vadim N.; Kessler, David A.] Naval Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oran, Elaine S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zipf, RK (reprint author), Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Off Mine Safety & Hlth Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM rzipf@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2014 VL 161 IS 8 BP 2165 EP 2176 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.02.002 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AJ8XD UT WOS:000337990500018 ER PT J AU Swayze, GA Clark, RN Goetz, AFH Livo, KE Breit, GN Kruse, FA Sutley, SJ Snee, LW Lowers, HA Post, JL Stoffregen, RE Ashley, RP AF Swayze, Gregg A. Clark, Roger N. Goetz, Alexander F. H. Livo, K. Eric Breit, George N. Kruse, Fred A. Sutley, Stephen J. Snee, Lawrence W. Lowers, Heather A. Post, James L. Stoffregen, Roger E. Ashley, Roger P. TI Mapping Advanced Argillic Alteration at Cuprite, Nevada, Using Imaging Spectroscopy SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KAOLIN-GROUP MINERALS; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; WAVE INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; INDIO-PASCUA BELT; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; MINING DISTRICT; ALTERED ROCKS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS AB Mineral maps based on Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data were used to study late Miocene advanced argillic alteration at Cuprite, Nevada. Distributions of Fe-bearing minerals, clays, micas, sulfates, and carbonates were mapped using the Tetracorder spectral-shape matching system. The Al content of white micas increases toward altered areas and near intrusive rocks. Alunite composition varies from pure K to intimate mixtures of Na-K endmembers with subpixel occurrences of huangite, the Ca analogue of alunite. Intimately mixed Na-K alunite marks areas of relatively lower alteration temperature, whereas co-occurring Na-alunite and dickite may delineate relict hydrothermal conduits. The presence of dickite, halloysite, and well-ordered kaolinite, but absence of disordered kaolinite, is consistent with acidic conditions during hydrothermal alteration. Partial lichen cover on opal spectrally mimics chalcedony, limiting its detection to lichen-free areas. Pods of buddingtonite are remnants of initial quartz-adularia-smectite alteration. Thus, spectral maps provide a synoptic view of the surface mineralogy, and define a previously unrecognized early steam-heated hydrothermal event. Faulting and episodes of hydrothermal alteration at Cuprite were intimately linked to upper plate movements above the Silver Peak-Lone Mountain detachment and growth, collapse, and resurgence of the nearby Stonewall Mountain volcanic complex between 8 and 5 Ma. Isotopic dating indicates that hydrothermal activity started at least by 7.61 Ma and ended by about 6.2 Ma. Spectral and stable isotope data suggest that Cuprite is a late Miocene low-sulfidation adularia-sericite type hot spring deposit overprinted by late-stage, steam-heated advanced argillic alteration formed along the margin of the Stonewall Mountain caldera. C1 [Swayze, Gregg A.; Clark, Roger N.; Livo, K. Eric; Breit, George N.; Sutley, Stephen J.; Snee, Lawrence W.; Lowers, Heather A.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Goetz, Alexander F. H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Emeritas, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kruse, Fred A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kruse, Fred A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Remote Sensing, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Stoffregen, Roger E.] AWK Consulting Engn, Turtle Creek, PA 15145 USA. [Ashley, Roger P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Swayze, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964 Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM gswayze@usgs.gov FU USGS Spectral Library and Remote Sensing Projects; NASA program [W15805] FX Many people contributed their time, ideas, and mineral samples to this study. Special thanks are due G. Plumlee, R. Bisdorf, S. Cunningham, C. Alpers, A. Brayko, C. Gent, S. Huebner, T. King, M. Hudson, T. Grauch, I. Brownfield, W. Hamilton, C. Kortemeier, W. Buller, B. Atkinson, M. Kraus, B. Emery, A. Gallagher, R. Kokaly, D. Allerton, R. McDougal, D. Yager, C. Holm-Denoma, and many others. Thoughtful suggestions and/or reviews from J. Mars, S. Cunningham, J. Dilles, A. Thompson, T. Cudahy, J. Hedenquist, R. Rye, B. Rockwell, B. Berger, B. Minsley, D. Bish, W Calvin, and E. Balan significantly improved the manuscript. R.O. Green and the AVIRIS team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory supplied AVIRIS data and their "can do" attitude. R. Rye and P. Middlestead provided stable isotopic measurements. C.L. Deyell provided a huangite-bearing alunite sample. R. Fleck provided the whole rock isotopic age on the pediment basalt. Santa Fe Pacific Gold Corporation and Nevada Western Silica Corporation provided borehole data. Newmont Mining provided access to borehole cuttings. This study is dedicated to George Desborough for his relentless encouragement to investigate all things alunite and to Larry Rowan for introducing Cuprite to the remote sensing community. The USGS Spectral Library and Remote Sensing Projects, and the NASA program W15805 (R. Clark, PI) provided funding. Any use of trade, firm, or product names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 134 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 33 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 EI 1554-0774 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 109 IS 5 BP 1179 EP 1221 PG 43 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AJ0IL UT WOS:000337334100002 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Oh, AK Willett, RM AF Nichols, Jonathan M. Oh, Albert K. Willett, Rebecca M. TI Reducing Basis Mismatch in Harmonic Signal Recovery via Alternating Convex Search SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Alternating convex search; basis mismatch; biconvex optimization; compressive sampling; sparsity ID SAMPLED PHOTONIC LINK; SPARSE; RECONSTRUCTION; NYQUIST AB The theory behind compressive sampling pre-supposes that a given sequence of observations may be exactly represented by a linear combination of a small number of basis vectors. In practice, however, even small deviations from an exact signal model can result in dramatic increases in estimation error; this is the so-called "basis mismatch" problem. This work provides one possible solution to this problem in the form of an iterative, biconvex search algorithm. The approach uses standard l(1)-minimization to find the signal model coefficients followed by a maximum likelihood estimate of the signal model. The algorithm is illustrated on harmonic signals of varying sparsity and outperforms the current state-of-the-art. C1 [Nichols, Jonathan M.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oh, Albert K.; Willett, Rebecca M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.nichols@nrl.navy.mil; akoh2@wisc.edu; rmwillett@wisc.edu OI Willett, Rebecca/0000-0002-8109-7582 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9908 EI 1558-2361 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1007 EP 1011 DI 10.1109/LSP.2014.2322444 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AI8BX UT WOS:000337130800003 ER PT J AU Aubry, R Karamete, BK Mestreau, EL Dey, S AF Aubry, R. Karamete, B. K. Mestreau, E. L. Dey, S. TI A three-dimensional parametric mesher with surface boundary-layer capability SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Parametric mesher; Surface triangulation; NURBS surface; Boundary layer surface mesh; Multiple normals; Advancing front method ID GENERATION; TRIANGULATION; GRIDS AB A novel parametric surface meshing technique is presented. Its distinctive feature relies on successive approximations of the CAD geometry through a hierarchical process where geometric information is gathered incrementally. A detailed review of zero- and first-order surface approximations and their impact on parametric surface meshing algorithms is performed. The proposed approach emphasizes the use of three-dimensional information in order to be as independent as possible of the parametrization to overcome limitations of meshing purely in the parametric plane. The presented technique includes semi-structured boundary-layer surface mesh generation which is a critical capability for accurate solutions to flows around geometries that have leading edge features. Numerous examples illustrate the method's robustness and ability to high-quality meshes for complex CAD geometries. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Aubry, R.; Karamete, B. K.; Mestreau, E. L.] Sotera Def Solut, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Dey, S.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aubry, R (reprint author), Sotera Def Solut, 1501 Farm Credit Dr,Suite 2300, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. OI Aubry, Romain/0000-0002-4094-1636 FU DOD HPCMP CREATE Program FX This work was partly supported by the DOD HPCMP CREATE Program. We would like to thank John Livingston from the CREATE AV-DaVinci team for providing the geometry of the space shuttle. Robert Voogt http:grabcad.com/robert.voogt greatly acknowledged for the beautiful disk brake model reproduced with permission. Fateh Merrad http://grabcarl.com: fateh.merrad is greatly acknowledged for the complex predator model reproduced with permission. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 270 BP 161 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2014.03.057 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA AH8RP UT WOS:000336406200009 ER PT J AU Toporkov, JV AF Toporkov, Jakov V. TI Analytical Study of Along-Track InSAR Imaging of a Distributed Evolving Target With Application to Phase and Coherence Signatures of Breakers and Whitecaps SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Along-track (AT) interferometry; radar theory; sea surface; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID DUAL-BEAM INTERFEROMETRY; SURFACE CURRENTS; RADAR AB Airborne along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (AT-InSAR) observations of the ocean surface often exhibit peculiar drops in coherence that can be quite compact (a few meters in size) and seem to be associated with breaking waves and whitecaps. Intriguingly, these signatures in the coherence map can be quite sharp and rather conspicuous, whereas the corresponding SAR image intensity in the same area may either suffer from apparent motion-related defocusing or lack any recognizable corresponding feature altogether. Such coherence drops are often accompanied by manifest perturbations in the interferometric phase. While there have been suggestions to use these details for breaker detection and even for breaker velocity retrieval, a basic understanding of why and how the patterns form needs to be developed first. To gain some insight in these phenomena, we consider AT-InSAR imaging of a simplified model feature that is a moving distributed target with a certain decorrelation time. The approach yields closed-form expressions that can be analyzed to identify possible mechanisms for forming such signatures. It appears that the intuitive explanation linking the drop in coherence to faster temporal decorrelation (something expected for a turbulent breaker) has its limitations when the feature is azimuthally small. Interference of the defocused and/or displaced image with the background may be the mechanism in the latter case. C1 Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Toporkov, JV (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jakov.toporkov@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [6.1, 6.2] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) under 6.1 and 6.2 Base Research Program and by a grant of computer time from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the NRL Distributed Center. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1385 EP 1389 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2293639 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AD2VY UT WOS:000333095200015 ER PT J AU Suraweera, NS Albert, AA Peretich, ME Abbott, J Humble, JR Barnes, CE Keffer, DJ AF Suraweera, Nethika S. Albert, Austin A. Peretich, Michael E. Abbott, Joshua Humble, James R. Barnes, Craig E. Keffer, David J. TI Methane and carbon dioxide adsorption and diffusion in amorphous, metal-decorated nanoporous silica SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation; spherosilicate; metal-decorated silica; physisorption ID ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BUILDING-BLOCK; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; HYDROGEN; ENERGY; STORAGE; STATE; CO2; SILSESQUIOXANES AB The adsorptive and diffusive behaviour of methane and carbon dioxide in amorphous nanoporous adsorbents composed of spherosilicate building blocks, in which isolated metal sites have been distributed, is examined. The adsorbent contains cubic silicate building blocks (spherosilicate units: Si8O20), which are cross linked by SiCl2O2 bridges and decorated with either -OTiCl3 or -OSiMe3 groups of the other cube corners. The model structures were generated to correspond to experimentally synthesised materials, matching physical properties including density, surface area and accessible volume. It is shown that both methane and carbon dioxide adsorb via physisorption only in the modelled materials. Adsorption isotherms and energies at 300K for pressures up to 100bar were generated via molecular simulation. The maximum gravimetric capacity of CH4 is 16.9wt%, occurring at 300K and 97bar. The maximum gravimetric capacity of CO2 is 50.3wt%, occurring at 300K and 51.6bar. The best performing adsorbent was a low-density (high accessible volume) material with no -OTiCl3 groups. The presence of -OTiCl3 did not enhance physisorption even on a volumetric basis, and the high molecular weight of -OTiCl3 groups is a significant penalty on a gravimetric basis. Based on the pair correlation functions, the most favourable adsorption sites for both adsorbates are located in front of the faces of spherosilicate cubes. The self-diffusivity and activation energy for diffusion are also reported. C1 [Suraweera, Nethika S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Albert, Austin A.; Abbott, Joshua; Humble, James R.; Barnes, Craig E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Peretich, Michael E.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Keffer, David J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Keffer, DJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dkeffer@utk.edu OI Keffer, David/0000-0002-6246-0286 FU Sustainable Energy and Education Research Center at the University of Tennessee; National Science Foundation [DGE-0801470]; NSF [OCI 07-11134.5] FX This research was supported by the Sustainable Energy and Education Research Center at the University of Tennessee, by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DGE-0801470). This research project used resources of the National Institute for Computational Sciences (NICS) supported by NSF under agreement number: OCI 07-11134.5. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 114 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 EI 1029-0435 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PD AUG 1 PY 2014 VL 40 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 618 EP 633 DI 10.1080/08927022.2013.829223 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 303PA UT WOS:000330685300009 ER PT J AU Gunlycke, D White, CT AF Gunlycke, Daniel White, Carter T. TI Specular graphene transport barrier SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-LAYER GRAPHENE; CARBON NANOTUBES; NANORIBBONS; CONFINEMENT; DEFECT AB We present a flexible model for a generic straight transport barrier in graphene in the specular limit. The specular limit applies for scattering of carriers sufficiently close to the Fermi level in three quarters of the transport barriers. Using the Lippmann-Schwinger equation, we obtain the wave function, from which we derive the reflection and transmission probabilities as a function of the angle of incidence. The results, which are compared to those from exact multichannel tight-binding quantum transport calculations, show that some barriers exhibit a broader absence of reflection across a wide range of incident angles, whereas other barriers are highly reflective. The power of our model is that it could be used even when the precise atomistic detail of the transport barriers is unknown. C1 [Gunlycke, Daniel; White, Carter T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gunlycke, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daniel.gunlycke@nrl.navy.mil FU US Office of Naval Research through the US Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors acknowledge support from the US Office of Naval Research, directly and through the US Naval Research Laboratory. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 31 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 3 AR 035452 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.035452 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AO3MR UT WOS:000341235000005 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Anson, CD Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Banerjee, A Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Borowski, W Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Brovko, SG Bultmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chwastowski, J Codrington, MJM Contin, G Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Cui, X Das, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA De Souza, RD Dhamija, S di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Ding, F Djawotho, P Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Engle, KS Eppley, G Eun, L Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Fedorisin, J Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Gliske, S Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Haag, B Hamed, A Han, LX Haque, R Harris, JW Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, HZ Huang, X Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kesich, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Kotchenda, L Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Don, DMMDM Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D McShane, TS Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nigmatkulov, G Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Olvitt, DL Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peryt, W Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Przybycien, M Pujahari, PR Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Riley, CK Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Ross, JF Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Solanki, D Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Sun, X Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM Szelezniak, MA Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Turnau, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbk, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vossen, A Wada, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, H Xu, J Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yan, W Yang, C Yang, Y Yang, Y Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zawisza, Y Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, JL Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anson, C. D. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Banerjee, A. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Brovko, S. G. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chwastowski, J. Codrington, M. J. M. Contin, G. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Cui, X. Das, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. Derradi De Souza, R. Dhamija, S. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Ding, F. Djawotho, P. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Engle, K. S. Eppley, G. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Fedorisin, J. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Gliske, S. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huang, X. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kesich, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Kotchenda, L. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Olvitt, D. L., Jr. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Przybycien, M. Pujahari, P. R. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Riley, C. K. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ross, J. F. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. Szelezniak, M. A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Turnau, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbk, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Vossen, A. Wada, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, J. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yan, W. Yang, C. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yu, N. Zawisza, Y. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Beam-Energy Dependence of Charge Separation along the Magnetic Field in Au plus Au Collisions at RHIC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PARITY VIOLATION; HOT QCD AB Local parity-odd domains are theorized to form inside a quark-gluon plasma which has been produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The local parity-odd domains manifest themselves as charge separation along the magnetic field axis via the chiral magnetic effect. The experimental observation of charge separation has previously been reported for heavy-ion collisions at the top RHIC energies. In this Letter, we present the results of the beam-energy dependence of the charge correlations in Au + Au collisions at midrapidity for center-of-mass energies of 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV from the STAR experiment. After background subtraction, the signal gradually reduces with decreased beam energy and tends to vanish by 7.7 GeV. This implies the dominance of hadronic interactions over partonic ones at lower collision energies. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Przybycien, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Gliske, S.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Huang, B.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbk, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brovko, S. G.; Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Ding, F.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Haag, B.; Kesich, A.; Romero, J. L.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Derradi De Souza, R.; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, BR-13131 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, L.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Wu, Y. F.; Xu, J.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Kycia, R. A.] Cracow Univ Technol, PL-31155 Krakow, Poland. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige; McShane, T. S.; Ross, J. F.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Pachr, M.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. A.] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Rusnak, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Sahu, P. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Dhamija, S.; Jacobs, W. W.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Dubna Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Keane, D.; Lomnitz, M.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Contin, G.; Dong, X.; Eun, L.; Greiner, L.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Shi, S. S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stevens, J. R.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Haque, R.; Kumar, L.; Mohanty, B.; Nasim, Md.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Anson, C. D.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Pawlik, B.; Turnau, J.] Inst Nucl Phys, PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Cendejas, R.; Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. [Garand, D.; Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Llope, W. J.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Chen, H. F.; Cui, X.; Guo, Y.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Yang, C.; Zawisza, Y.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Borowski, W.; Kabana, S.] SUBATECH, F-44307 Nantes, France. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D. L., Jr.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Djawotho, P.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Yan, W.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Engle, K. S.; Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Roy, A.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Variable Energy Cyclotron Ctr, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Putschke, J.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Riley, C. K.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RI Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/M-4791-2013; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Kumar, Lokesh/A-6154-2010; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015 OI Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418; Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Derradi de Souza, Rafael/0000-0002-2084-7001; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Kumar, Lokesh/0000-0002-2746-9840; Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627 FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; KISTI Center in Korea; Open Science Grid consortium; Office of NP; Office of HEP within the U.S. DOE, Office of Science; U.S. NSF; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC of China; CAS of China; MoST of China; MoE of China; Korean Research Foundation; GA of the Czech Republic; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE of India; DST of India; CSIR of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE, Office of Science; the U.S. NSF; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China; the Korean Research Foundation; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE, DST, and CSIR of India; the National Science Centre of Poland; the National Research Foundation (NRF-2012004024); the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; and RosAtom of Russia. NR 35 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 5 AR 052302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.052302 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AM6JD UT WOS:000339969600004 PM 25126911 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Anson, CD Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Balewski, J Banerjee, A Barnovska, Z Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Borowski, W Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Brovko, SG Bultmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chwastowski, J Codrington, MJM Corliss, R Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Cui, X Das, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Dhamija, S di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Ding, F Djawotho, P Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Engle, KS Eppley, G Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Fedorisin, J Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Gliske, S Grosnick, D Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Haag, B Hajkova, O Hamed, A Han, LX Haque, R Harris, JW Hays-Wehle, JP Heppelmann, S Hill, K Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, HZ Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kesich, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Leight, W LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lima, LM Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Don, DMMDM Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D McShane, TS Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Oliveira, RAN Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peryt, W Peterson, A Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Przybycien, M Pujahari, PR Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Riley, CK Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Ross, JF Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandacz, A Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Solanki, D Sorensen, P Desouza, UG Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Sumbera, M Sun, X Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Turnau, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Vossen, A Wada, M Walker, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wimsatt, G Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yan, W Yang, C Yang, Y Yang, Y Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Zawisza, Y Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, JL Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anson, C. D. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Balewski, J. Banerjee, A. Barnovska, Z. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Brovko, S. G. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chwastowski, J. Codrington, M. J. M. Corliss, R. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Cui, X. Das, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. de Souza, R. Derradi Dhamija, S. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Ding, F. Djawotho, P. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Engle, K. S. Eppley, G. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Fedorisin, J. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Gliske, S. Grosnick, D. Guo, Y. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hajkova, O. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. Hays-Wehle, J. P. Heppelmann, S. Hill, K. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kesich, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Leight, W. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lima, L. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Oliveira, R. A. N. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Peterson, A. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Przybycien, M. Pujahari, P. R. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Riley, C. K. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ross, J. F. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandacz, A. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. Desouza, U. G. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Turnau, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Vossen, A. Wada, M. Walker, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wimsatt, G. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yan, W. Yang, C. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Zawisza, Y. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA Star Collaboration TI Suppression of Upsilon production in d plus Au and Au plus Au collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Upsilon suppression; Quarkonium in-medium; Relativistic heavy-ion collisions; STAR ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; J/PSI; ABSORPTION; LHC AB We report measurements of Upsilon meson production in p + p, d + Au, and Au + Au collisions using the STAR detector at RHIC. We compare the Upsilon yield to the measured cross section in p + p collisions in order to quantify any modifications of the yield in cold nuclear matter using d + Au data and in hot nuclear matter using Au + Au data separated into three centrality classes. Our p + p measurement is based on three times the statistics of our previous result. We obtain a nuclear modification factor for Upsilon (1S + 2S + 3S) in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar < 1 in d + Au collisions of R-dAu = 0.79 +/- 0.24(stat.) +/- 0.03(syst.) +/- 0.10(p + p syst.). A comparison with models including shadowing and initial state parton energy loss indicates the presence of additional cold-nuclear matter suppression. Similarly, in the top 10% most-central Au + Au collisions, we measure a nuclear modification factor of R-AA = 0.49 +/- 0.1(stat.) +/- 0.02(syst.) +/- 0.06(p + p syst.), which is a larger suppression factor than that seen in cold nuclear matter. Our results are consistent with complete suppression of excited-state Upsilon mesons in Au + Au collisions. The additional suppression in Au + Au is consistent with the level expected in model calculations that include the presence of a hot, deconfined Quark-Gluon Plasma. However, understanding the suppression seen in d + Au is still needed before any definitive statements about the nature of the suppression in Au + Au can be made. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Przybycien, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Gliske, S.; Krueger, K.; Margetis, S.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Huang, B.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brovko, S. G.; Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Ding, F.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Haag, B.; Hill, K.; Kesich, A.; Peterson, A.; Romero, J. L.; Sangaline, E.; Wimsatt, G.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [de Souza, R. Derradi; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, L.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Pei, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J. B.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Kycia, R. A.] Cracow Univ Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Chen, L.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Pei, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J. B.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Hajkova, O.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Barnovska, Z.; Bielcikova, J.; Rusnak, J.; Sumbera, M.; Vertesi, R.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Aparin, A.; Barnovska, Z.; Bielcikova, J.; Rusnak, J.; Sumbera, M.; Vertesi, R.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Prague 25068, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Sahu, P. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Dhamija, S.; Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.; Quintero, A.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Bouchet, J.; Keane, D.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Taejon, South Korea. [Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Eun, L.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Shi, S. S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stevens, J. R.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Hamed, A.; Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Kumar, L.; Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Haque, R.; Mohanty, B.; Nasim, Md.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Anson, C. D.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Pawlik, B.; Turnau, J.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Cendejas, R.; Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Garand, D.; Hirsch, A.; Kikola, D. P.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Pruthi, N. K.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Sharma, B.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Llope, W. J.; McDonald, D.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Lima, L. M.; Munhoz, M. G.; Oliveira, R. A. N.; Desouza, U. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Cui, X.; Guo, Y.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Yang, C.; Zawisza, Y.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Borowski, W.; Kabana, S.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Li, X.; Surrow, B.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Chang, Z.; Djawotho, P.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Wada, M.; Yan, W.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Engle, K. S.; Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Adamczyk, L.; Alford, J.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Roy, A.; Sahoo, N. R.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Riley, C. K.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Sanchez, MCD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Kumar, Lokesh/A-6154-2010; Aparecido Negrao de Oliveira, Renato/G-9133-2015; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013 OI Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Kumar, Lokesh/0000-0002-2746-9840; Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900 FU RHIC Operations Group; NERSC Center at LBNL; KISTI Center in Korea; Open Science Grid consortium; U.S. NSF; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP-CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; Korean Research Foundation, GA; MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; RosAtom of Russia; RCF at BNL; Office of NP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; Offices of HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; MoE of China; MoST of China; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia FX We thank R. Vogt, M. Strickland, R. Rapp, F. Arleo, and J.P. Lansberg for providing us calculations in the STAR kinematic regions. We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP-CNPq of Brazil, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST and MoE of China, the Korean Research Foundation, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, National Research Foundation (NRF-2012004024), the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 45 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 30 PY 2014 VL 735 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2014.06.028 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA AM7LO UT WOS:000340048900023 ER PT J AU Bailey, SM Thurairajah, B Randall, CE Holt, L Siskind, DE Harvey, VL Venkataramani, K Hervig, ME Rong, P Russell, JM AF Bailey, S. M. Thurairajah, B. Randall, C. E. Holt, L. Siskind, D. E. Harvey, V. L. Venkataramani, K. Hervig, M. E. Rong, P. Russell, J. M., III TI A multi tracer analysis of thermosphere to stratosphere descent triggered by the 2013 Stratospheric Sudden Warming SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; POLAR VORTEX; SOLAR OCCULTATION; ICE EXPERIMENT; ODD NITROGEN; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSPORT AB Arctic winter observations in 2013 by the Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) show significant transport from the lower-thermosphere to the stratosphere of air enriched in nitric oxide, but depleted in water and methane. The transport is triggered by the Stratospheric Sudden Warming (SSW) on 11 January and is continuously tracked for over 3 months. Ultimately, evidence for lower thermwospheric air is seen at 40 km in mid-April. Area integrated nitric oxide (NO) fluxes are compared with previous events in 2004, 2006, and 2009, to show that this event is the second largest in the past 10 years. The SOFIE data are combined with a meteorological analysis to infer descent rates from 40 to 90 km. The descent profile initially peaks near 75 km, shifting downward by approximately 5 km per 10 days. Our work demonstrates the utility of SOFIE tracer measurements in diagnosing vertical transport from the stratosphere to the edge of space. C1 [Bailey, S. M.; Thurairajah, B.; Venkataramani, K.] Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Randall, C. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Randall, C. E.; Holt, L.; Harvey, V. L.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Siskind, D. E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Hervig, M. E.] GATS Inc, Driggs, ID USA. [Rong, P.; Russell, J. M., III] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Bailey, SM (reprint author), Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM baileys@vt.edu RI Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014; OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397; HOLT, LAURA/0000-0003-0211-053X FU NASA through their Small Explorer program; NASA grant [NNX10AQ54G]; NSF grant [AGS 0940124] FX The SOFIE observations including documentation and software for reading the data are available at the AIM website, www.aim.hamptonu.edu. AIM is funded by NASA through their Small Explorer program. This work was also partly supported by NASA grant NNX10AQ54G and NSF grant AGS 0940124. We thank the SOFIE and AIM operations teams for their excellent support. We also thank the ACE team for providing their observations. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 14 BP 5216 EP 5222 DI 10.1002/2014GL059860 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AQ5KD UT WOS:000342846100009 ER PT J AU Helmboldt, JF AF Helmboldt, J. F. TI Drift-scan imaging of traveling ionospheric disturbances with the Very Large Array SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MIDLATITUDES; ECHOES AB This paper describes a method to use high-precision specification of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) from a relatively compact array of sensors to yield high-resolution images of TID substructure. In this case, the array is the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope in New Mexico. The technique begins with a combined temporal and spatial spectral analysis that boils the TID down to its basic components, namely, the amplitude and horizontal wavelength and velocity vector. The last of these is used with the known apparent motion of the observed cosmic source to recompute the horizontal positions of the ionospheric pierce points in the frame of the TID. The data are then binned within this TID reference plane and averaged to make an image. The method is applied to three distinct TIDs detected and characterized to high precision (less than or similar to 10(-3) total electron content unit (1 TECU = 10(16) el m(-2))) using VLA observations of cosmic sources below 1 GHz. C1 US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Helmboldt, JF (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Joe.Helmboldt@nrl.navy.mil RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012 FU Naval Research Laboratory FX The author would like to thank the reviewers for useful comments and suggestions. Data supporting this paper are available upon request submitted via email to the author at joe. helmboldt@nrl.navy.mil. Basic research at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 14 BP 4835 EP 4843 DI 10.1002/2014GL060951 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN4CU UT WOS:000340536000005 ER PT J AU Wacey, D Saunders, M Roberts, M Menon, S Green, L Kong, C Culwick, T Strother, P Brasier, MD AF Wacey, David Saunders, Martin Roberts, Malcolm Menon, Sarath Green, Leonard Kong, Charlie Culwick, Timothy Strother, Paul Brasier, Martin D. TI Enhanced cellular preservation by clay minerals in 1 billion-year-old lakes SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SHALE-TYPE PRESERVATION; CAMBRIAN BURGESS SHALE; ORDOVICIAN SOOM SHALE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; EXCEPTIONAL PRESERVATION; NORTHWEST SCOTLAND; EARLY DIAGENESIS; TORRIDON GROUP; NW SCOTLAND; SOFT-TISSUE AB Organic-walled microfossils provide the best insights into the composition and evolution of the biosphere through the first 80 percent of Earth history. The mechanism of microfossil preservation affects the quality of biological information retained and informs understanding of early Earth palaeo-environments. We here show that 1 billion-year-old microfossils from the non-marine Torridon Group are remarkably preserved by a combination of clay minerals and phosphate, with clay minerals providing the highest fidelity of preservation. Fe-rich clay mostly occurs in narrow zones in contact with cellular material and is interpreted as an early microbially-mediated phase enclosing and replacing the most labile biological material. K-rich clay occurs within and exterior to cell envelopes, forming where the supply of Fe had been exhausted. Clay minerals inter-finger with calcium phosphate that co-precipitated with the clays in the sub-oxic zone of the lake sediments. This type of preservation was favoured in sulfate-poor environments where Fe-silicate precipitation could outcompete Fe-sulfide formation. This work shows that clay minerals can provide an exceptionally high fidelity of microfossil preservation and extends the known geological range of this fossilization style by almost 500 Ma. It also suggests that the best-preserved microfossils of this time may be found in low-sulfate environments. C1 [Wacey, David] Univ Western Australia, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Core Crust Fluid Syst, Ctr Microscopy Characterisat & Anal, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Saunders, Martin; Roberts, Malcolm] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Explorat Targeting, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Menon, Sarath] Univ Western Australia, Ctr Microscopy Characterisat & Anal, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Green, Leonard] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Kong, Charlie] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide Microscopy, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Culwick, Timothy; Brasier, Martin D.] Univ New S Wales, Electron Microscopy Unit, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Strother, Paul] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. Boston Coll, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Weston, MA 02493 USA. RP Wacey, D (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Core Crust Fluid Syst, Ctr Microscopy Characterisat & Anal, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM david.wacey@uwa.edu.au RI Saunders, Martin/B-3082-2011; Wacey, David/D-4080-2011 OI Saunders, Martin/0000-0001-6873-7816; Wacey, David/0000-0002-7124-0701 FU Australian Research Council grant to the Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS) FX The authors acknowledge the facilities, scientific and technical assistance of the AMMRF at: the Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia; Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide; and the Electron Microscopy Unit, The University of New South Wales. These facilities are funded by the Universities, State and Commonwealth Governments. We thank Dr. Christoph Mitterbauer at FEI's NanoPort Europe for his assistance in acquiring the data presented in Figure 4b. DW is supported by an Australian Research Council grant to the Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS). This is contribution 484 from CCFS (http://www.ccfs.mq.edu.au). NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JUL 28 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 5841 DI 10.1038/srep05841 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM0CO UT WOS:000339510800002 PM 25068404 ER PT J AU Rind, D Jonas, J Balachandran, NK Schmidt, GA Lean, J AF Rind, D. Jonas, J. Balachandran, N. K. Schmidt, G. A. Lean, J. TI The QBO in two GISS global climate models: 1. Generation of the QBO SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; GRAVITY-WAVE PARAMETERIZATION; DOUBLED CO2 CLIMATE; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL PRECIPITATION; CUMULUS CONVECTION; SIMULATED CLIMATE; EQUATORIAL WAVES AB The adjustment of parameterized gravity waves associated with model convection and finer vertical resolution has made possible the generation of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in two Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) models, GISS Middle Atmosphere Global Climate Model III and a climate/middle atmosphere version of Model E2. Both extend from the surface to 0.002 hPa, with 2 degrees x 2.5 degrees resolution and 102 layers. Many realistic features of the QBO are simulated, including magnitude and variability of its period and amplitude. The period itself is affected by the magnitude of parameterized convective gravity wave momentum fluxes and interactive ozone (which also affects the QBO amplitude and variability), among other forcings. Although varying sea surface temperatures affect the parameterized momentum fluxes, neither aspect is responsible for the modeled variation in QBO period. Both the parameterized and resolved waves act to produce the respective easterly and westerly wind descent, although their effect is offset in altitude at each level. The modeled and observed QBO influences on tracers in the stratosphere, such as ozone, methane, and water vapor are also discussed. Due to the link between the gravity wave parameterization and the models' convection, and the dependence on the ozone field, the models may also be used to investigate how the QBO may vary with climate change. C1 [Rind, D.; Schmidt, G. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Jonas, J.; Balachandran, N. K.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Change Res, New York, NY USA. [Lean, J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Rind, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM david.h.rind@nasa.gov RI Schmidt, Gavin/D-4427-2012 OI Schmidt, Gavin/0000-0002-2258-0486 FU NASA Glory Mission; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program FX This paper was improved substantially by the knowledgeable suggestions of three anonymous reviewers. We thank them greatly for all their efforts. The work was funded by the NASA Glory Mission. Climate modeling at GISS is supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program and resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center and the NASA program at Ames Research Center. Data from these runs are available from Jeff Jonas (jeffjonas88@gmail.com). NR 81 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 14 BP 8798 EP 8824 DI 10.1002/2014JD021678 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AN2GQ UT WOS:000340402800017 ER PT J AU Breger, JC Sapsford, KE Ganek, J Susumu, K Stewart, MH Medintz, IL AF Breger, Joyce C. Sapsford, Kim E. Ganek, Jessica Susumu, Kimihiro Stewart, Michael H. Medintz, Igor L. TI Detecting Kallikrein Proteolytic Activity with Peptide-Quantum Dot Nanosensors SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; nanoparticle; biosensor; quantum dot; FRET; enzyme; protease; kallikrein; substrate; K-m nanocrystal; blood clotting; adulterant; assay ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; OVERSULFATED CHONDROITIN SULFATE; ADVERSE CLINICAL EVENTS; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; HUMAN-PLASMA; PROTEASE; HEPARIN; CONTAMINATION; PRODUCTS; AUTOACTIVATION AB Contamination and adulterants in both naturally derived and synthetic drugs pose a serious threat to the worldwide medical community. Developing rapid and sensitive sensors/devices to detect these hazards is thus a continuing need. We describe a hydrophilic semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-peptide Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) nanosensor for monitoring the activity of kallikrein, a key proteolytic enzyme functioning at the initiation of the blood clotting cascade. Kallikrein is also activated by the presence of an oversulfated contaminant recently found in preparations of the drug heparin. Quantitatively monitoring the activity of this enzyme within a nanosensor format has proven challenging because of inherent steric and kinetic considerations. Our sensor is designed around a central QD donor platform which displays controlled ratios of a modular peptidyl substrate. This peptide, in turn, sequentially expresses a terminal oligohistidine motif that mediates the rapid self-assembly of peptides to the QD surface, a linker-spacer sequence to extend the peptide away from the QD surface, a kallikrein recognized-cleavage site, and terminates in an acceptor dye-labeling site. Hydrophilic QDs prepared with compact, zwitterionic surface coatings were first evaluated for their ability to self-assemble the dye-labeled peptide substrates. An optimized two-step protocol was then utilized where high concentrations of peptide were initially digested with purified human kallikrein and samples collected at distinct time points were subsequently diluted into QD-containing solutions for assaying. This sensor provided a quantitative FRET-based readout for monitoring kallikrein activity and comparison to a calibration curve allowed estimation of the relevant Michaelis-Menten kinetic descriptors. The results further suggest that almost any protease should be amenable to a QD-based FRET assay format with appropriate design considerations. C1 [Breger, Joyce C.; Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro; Stewart, Michael H.] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Breger, Joyce C.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Sapsford, Kim E.; Ganek, Jessica] US FDA, OMPT CDRH OSEL DB, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Susumu, Kimihiro] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.medintz@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL-NSI; ONR; DTRA; Office of the Chief Scientist; Division of Biology FDA FX Financial support is gratefully acknowledged from the NRL-NSI, ONR, and DTRA. K.E.S would like to thank Office of the Chief Scientist and Division of Biology FDA for financial support. Postdoctoral fellowship for J.C.B. administered by the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUL 23 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 14 BP 11529 EP 11535 DI 10.1021/am502135h PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AL9PB UT WOS:000339472100087 PM 25003700 ER PT J AU Wegner, KD Morgner, F Oh, E Goswami, R Susumu, K Stewart, MH Medintz, IL Hildebrandt, N AF Wegner, K. David Morgner, Frank Oh, Eunkeu Goswami, Ramasis Susumu, Kimihiro Stewart, Michael H. Medintz, Igor L. Hildebrandt, Niko TI Three-Dimensional Solution-Phase Forster Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis of Nanomolar Quantum Dot Bioconjugates with Subnanometer Resolution SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; FLUORESCENCE; DIAGNOSTICS; DONORS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; NANOPARTICLES; BIOSENSORS; PROTEINS; NANOCRYSTALS; IMMUNOASSAY AB Luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) play an important role in optical biosensing and, in particular, in FRET (Forster resonance energy transfer)-based luminescent probes. The QD materials that form the basis for these probes are in actuality quite heterogeneous and consist of different types of QDs with variations in material compositions, surface coatings, and available biofunctionalization strategies. To optimize their role in active sensors that rely on FRET, extensive physicochemical characterization is required. A technique that can provide precise information about size, shape, and bioconjugation properties of different QD-biomolecule conjugates from a single sample and measurement under actual experimental biosensing conditions would therefore be highly important for advancing QDs to a next generation nanobiosensing tool. Here, we present a detailed FRET study on a large set of QD-biomolecule conjugates, which allows for a homogeneous solution-phase size, shape, and bioconjugation analysis of peptide and protein self-assembled QDs at subnanomolar concentrations and with subnanometer resolution. Direct incorporation of luminescent Tb-complexes (Tb) in the peptides or proteins leads to Tb-to-QD FRET upon assembly to the different QD surfaces. Luminescence decay times and time-gated intensities, which precisely decode the FRET interactions, provide a wealth of useful information on the underlying composite structure and even biochemical functionality. In contrast to other high-resolution techniques, which require rather sophisticated instrumentation, well-defined experimental conditions, and low sample throughput, our technique uses a commercial time-resolved fluorescence plate reader for very fast and simple data acquisition of many aqueous samples in a standard microtiter plate. C1 [Wegner, K. David; Hildebrandt, Niko] Univ Paris 11, Inst Elect Fondamentale, F-91400 Orsay, France. [Morgner, Frank] Fraunhofer Inst Angew Polymerforsch, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Oh, Eunkeu; Susumu, Kimihiro; Stewart, Michael H.] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Goswami, Ramasis] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Medintz, Igor L.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oh, Eunkeu; Susumu, Kimihiro] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Hildebrandt, N (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Inst Elect Fondamentale, 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau, F-91400 Orsay, France. EM niko.hildebrandt@u-psud.fr FU European Commission (FP7 project NANOGNOSTICS); Agence National de la Recherche France (project NanoFRET); Office of Naval Research (ONR); Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); NRL Nanosciences Institute (NSI); Defense Threat Reduction Agency Joint Science and Technological Office (DTRA-JSTO) Military Interdepartmental Purchase Requisition (MIPR) [B112582M] FX We thank Lumiphore, Inc. for the gift of Lumi4-Tb-NHS reagent and the European Commission (FP7 project NANOGNOSTICS) and the Agence National de la Recherche France (project NanoFRET) for financial support. We also acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research (ONR), the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), the NRL Nanosciences Institute (NSI), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Joint Science and Technological Office (DTRA-JSTO) Military Interdepartmental Purchase Requisition (MIPR) #B112582M. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL 22 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 14 BP 4299 EP 4312 DI 10.1021/cm502021m PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AL9OU UT WOS:000339471400034 ER PT J AU Saydjari, A Long, JP Dressick, WJ Simpkins, BS AF Saydjari, Andrew Long, James P. Dressick, Walter J. Simpkins, Blake S. TI Optical interference effect corrections for absorbance spectra of layer-by-layer thin films bearing covalently bound dye SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RUTHENIUM(II) PHOTOSENSITIZERS; WEAK POLYELECTROLYTE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MULTILAYER FILMS; DEPOSITION; THICKNESS; BUILDUP; NANOPARTICLES; PERMEABILITY; CONSTANTS AB Polyelectrolyte multilayer films were fabricated via layer-by-layer deposition using polyallylamine hydrochloride lightly functionalized (similar to 1%) with a covalently bound polypyridyl Ru(II) chromophore dye (RuPAH) and polystyrenesulfonate (PSS). Absorbance oscillations were noted in the UV-visible spectra of these films as functions of the number of PSS/RuPAH bilayers and identified as optical interference effects. The interference effects were modeled according to a Fabry-P rot cavity and a powerful conversion methodology was developed capable of correcting many spectra from relatively few fits. It is recommended that this method be applied as a standard to enable accurate analysis of absorbance spectra in thin films containing chromophores. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Saydjari, Andrew] Lincoln High Sch, Wisconsin Rapids, WI 54494 USA. [Long, James P.; Simpkins, Blake S.] Naval Res Lab, Dept Chem Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dressick, Walter J.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Simpkins, BS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Dept Chem Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blake.simpkins@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) under the NRL 6.1 Nanoscience Institute program [61-P087-13] FX We thank the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) for financial support for this work under the NRL 6.1 Nanoscience Institute program 61-P087-13. A. S. acknowledges Dr. B. Simpkins for providing a summer internship and mentorship. We thank Dr. K. P. Fears for the XPS Ru(2p)/N(1s) measurement. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2014 VL 608 BP 328 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.06.006 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AM9LH UT WOS:000340202600059 ER PT J AU Avenhaus, H Quanz, SP Meyer, MR Brittain, SD Carr, JS Najita, JR AF Avenhaus, Henning Quanz, Sascha P. Meyer, Michael R. Brittain, Sean D. Carr, John S. Najita, Joan R. TI HD100546 MULTI-EPOCH SCATTERED LIGHT OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planet-disk interactions; protoplanetary disks; stars: formation; stars: individual (HD100546); stars: pre-main sequence ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; HERBIG AE/BE STARS; CO EMISSION-LINES; HD 100546; CORONAGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS; PROTOPLANETARY DISK; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; TRANSITIONAL DISK; POLARIZED-LIGHT; HD-100546 AB We presentH, Ks, andL filter polarimetric differential imaging (PDI) data for the transitional disk around HD100546 obtained in 2013, together with an improved re- reduction of previously published 2006 data. We reveal the disk in polarized scattered light in all three filters, achieving an inner working angle of 0.1. Additional, short- exposure observations in the H and Ks filters probe the surroundings of the star down to 0. 03 3 AU). HD100546 is fascinating because of its variety of sub- structures possibly related to forming planets in the disk, and PDI is currently the best technique for imaging them in the near- IR. For the first time ever, we detect a disk in L- band PDI data, and we constrain the outer radius of the inner hole to 14 2 AU and its eccentricity to < 0.133. A dark lane is detected between 0. 2- 0. 6 AU in the front side of the disk, which is likely an effect of the scattering angle and the scattering function of the grains. We find a spiral arm in the northeast that has no obvious connection to spiral arms seen before by other authors further out in the disk, but winds are in the same direction (clockwise). The two bright scattering peaks along the semi- major axis are asymmetric, with the southeastern one being significantly brighter. This could be related to the inner companion candidate that is close to the brighter side of the disk at the time of the observations. The scattering color is close to gray between the H and Ks filters ([H]-[Ks] = 0.19 0.11), but the scattering in the L - filter is significantly weaker ([H]-[L ] = - 1.08 +/- 0.35, [Ks]-[L] = - 1.27 +/- 0.35). We measure the position angle of the disk to be 138. +/- 3., consistent with previous observations, and we derive the dust scattering function in the H and Ks filters between 35. and 130. at two different radii (30- 50 and 80-110 AU) and show that our results are consistent with a disk that is more strongly flared in the outer regions. C1 [Avenhaus, Henning; Quanz, Sascha P.; Meyer, Michael R.] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Brittain, Sean D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Carr, John S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Najita, Joan R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Avenhaus, H (reprint author), ETH, Inst Astron, Wolfgang Pauli Str 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM havenhaus@astro.phys.ethz.ch FU Swiss National Science Foundation; Naval Research Laboratory [AST 0954811] FX This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. We thank the staff at the VLT for their excellent support during the observations. This work is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation.; Basic research in infrared astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding.; S. D. B. acknowledges support for this work from the National Science Foundation under grant No. AST 0954811. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2014 VL 790 IS 1 AR 56 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/790/1/56 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AL0SK UT WOS:000338836800056 ER PT J AU Laming, JM Hwang, U Ghavamian, P Rakowski, C AF Laming, J. Martin Hwang, Una Ghavamian, Parviz Rakowski, Cara TI ELECTRON HEATING, MAGNETIC FIELD AMPLIFICATION, AND COSMIC-RAY PRECURSOR LENGTH AT SUPERNOVA REMNANT SHOCKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; instabilities; ISM: supernova remnants; shock waves; waves ID FAST COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS; RESOLUTION X-RAY; SN 1006; CASSIOPEIA-A; TEMPERATURE EQUILIBRATION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; NONLINEAR AMPLIFICATION; AZIMUTHAL VARIATIONS; NONTHERMAL EMISSION; SPATIAL STRUCTURE AB We investigate the observability, by direct and indirect means, of a shock precursor arising from magnetic field amplification by cosmic rays. We estimate the depth of such a precursor under conditions of nonresonant amplification, which can provide magnetic field strengths comparable to those inferred for supernova remnants. Magnetic field generation occurs as the streaming cosmic rays induce a plasma return current, and it may be quenched by either nonresonant or resonant channels. In the case of nonresonant saturation, the cosmic rays become magnetized and amplification saturates at higher magnetic fields. The precursor can extend out to 10(17)-10(18) cm and is potentially detectable. If resonant saturation occurs, the cosmic rays are scattered by turbulence and the precursor length will likely be much smaller. The dependence of precursor length on shock velocity has implications for electron heating. In the case of resonant saturation, this dependence is similar to that in the more familiar resonantly generated shock precursor, which when expressed in terms of the cosmic-ray diffusion coefficient x and shock velocity upsilon(s) is x/upsilon(s). In the nonresonantly saturated case, the precursor length declines less quickly with increasing upsilon(s). Where precursor length proportional to 1/upsilon(s) gives constant electron heating, this increased precursor length could be expected to lead to higher electron temperatures for nonresonant amplification. This should be expected at faster supernova remnant shocks than studied by previous works. Existing results and new data analysis of SN 1006 and Cas A suggest some observational support for this idea. C1 [Laming, J. Martin] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hwang, Una] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ghavamian, Parviz] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Rakowski, Cara] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7684, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM laming@nrl.navy.mil; Una.Hwang-1@nasa.gov; pghavamian@towson.edu FU NASA ADP program; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the NASA ADP program (U.H., J.M.L., and C.R.) and by basic research funds of the Office of Naval Research (J.M.L. and C.R.). J.M.L. would also like to acknowledge the hospitality of R. Bingham during a visit to the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, where some of this work was started. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2014 VL 790 IS 1 AR 11 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/790/1/11 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AL0SK UT WOS:000338836800011 ER PT J AU Battaglia, C Xu, JS Zheng, M Yin, XT Hettick, M Chen, K Haegel, N Javey, A AF Battaglia, Corsin Xu, Jingsan Zheng, Maxwell Yin, Xingtian Hettick, Mark Chen, Kevin Haegel, Nancy Javey, Ali TI Enhanced Near-Bandgap Response in InP Nanopillar Solar Cells SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE INP; LOW-COST; EFFICIENCY; PHOTOVOLTAICS; INDIUM; SEMICONDUCTORS; RECOMBINATION; JUNCTIONS; PLASMA; GAAS AB The effect of nanopillar texturing on the performance of InP solar cells is investigated. Maskless, lithography-free reactive ion etching of InP nanopillars improves the open-circuit voltage, reduces reflectance over a broad spectral range, and enhances the near-bandgap response compared to a flat, non-textured cell with comparable reflectance in the infrared. Electron-beam induced current measurements indicate an increased effective minority carrier collection length. The response at short wavelengths decreases due to the formation of a defective surface layer with strong non-radiative recombination. Plasma oxidation and wet etching partially restore the blue response resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 14.4%. C1 [Battaglia, Corsin; Xu, Jingsan; Zheng, Maxwell; Yin, Xingtian; Hettick, Mark; Chen, Kevin; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Battaglia, Corsin; Xu, Jingsan; Zheng, Maxwell; Yin, Xingtian; Hettick, Mark; Chen, Kevin; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Haegel, Nancy] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Javey, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ajavey@eecs.berkeley.edu RI Javey, Ali/B-4818-2013; Yin, Xingtian/N-1743-2016; Battaglia, Corsin/B-2917-2010; Xu, Jingsan/N-7938-2016 OI Yin, Xingtian/0000-0001-9077-5982; Xu, Jingsan/0000-0003-1172-3864 FU Bay Area Photovoltaics Consortium (BAPVC); Zeno Karl Schindler Foundation FX C.B. and J.X. contributed equally to this work. InP solar cell fabrication and characterization was funded by the Bay Area Photovoltaics Consortium (BAPVC). C. B. acknowledges support from the Zeno Karl Schindler Foundation. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1614-6832 EI 1614-6840 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 4 IS 10 AR 1400061 DI 10.1002/aenm.201400061 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA AM8AK UT WOS:000340091000016 ER PT J AU Vouras, PG Tran, TD AF Vouras, Peter G. Tran, Trac D. TI Robust Transmit Nulling in Wideband Arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Optimization methods; wideband radar; adaptive arrays; filter bank design ID COMPONENT FILTER BANKS; DESIGN AB The ability to create nulls in the transmit pattern of a phased array antenna has many applications in communication and radar systems, including interference and clutter mitigation. This paper describes the implementation of transmit nulls in wideband arrays through the use of a filter bank inserted behind each array element. The filter bank decimates and partitions the transmit signal into independent subbands and utilizes a tapped delay line (TDL) in each subband to form frequency invariant spatial nulls in the array's transmit pattern. New contributions developed in this paper include an algorithm for determining the TDL coefficients and a novel band partitioning scheme based on principal component filter banks (PCFBs), which is shown to be optimal for minimizing spectral errors if the TDL coefficients are quantized. Numerical techniques are presented for approximating ideal PCFBs using practical paraunitary filter banks (PUFBs) and perfect reconstruction filter banks (PRFBs). C1 [Vouras, Peter G.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tran, Trac D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Vouras, PG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM peter.vouras@nrl.navy.mil; trac@jhu.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X EI 1941-0476 J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 62 IS 14 BP 3706 EP 3719 DI 10.1109/TSP.2014.2329653 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AL3QE UT WOS:000339042700017 ER PT J AU Stroman, RO Schuette, MW Swider-Lyons, K Rodgers, JA Edwards, DJ AF Stroman, Richard O. Schuette, Michael W. Swider-Lyons, Karen Rodgers, Joseph A. Edwards, Daniel J. TI Liquid hydrogen fuel system design and demonstration in a small long endurance air vehicle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen; Fuel cell; Dewar; UAV; Endurance; Cryogenic ID PRESSURE-VESSELS; STORAGE; AIRCRAFT; TANK AB Autonomous systems have advanced substantially, yet on-board energy capacity still constrains endurance. Liquid hydrogen (LH2) fuel storage coupled with a high efficiency fuel cell may offer greater endurance. An LH2 storage system has been developed, featuring a lightweight dewar with active pressure control. The dewar has 20.46 L internal volume, yielding <= 7.6 kWh kg(-1) specific energy and <= 1.2 Wh L-1 energy density (LHV basis) depending on fuel withdrawal rate and ambient conditions. It demonstrated 48 h continuous flight in the Naval Research Laboratory's Ion Tiger unmanned air vehicle, which is similar to 85% longer than prior gaseous hydrogen (GH(2)) fueled flights, with the same dry mass as the GH(2) system. Design considerations included matching the LH2 evaporation rate and variable consumption rate, and satisfying constraints imposed by the existing aircraft. Heat transfer models were used to design for low dewar heat leak, which is necessary to balance evaporation and consumption. The heat leak depends on ambient temperature, with evaporation ranging from 16 g h(-1) at 240 K to 29 g h(-1) at 300 K, at 275 kPa storage pressure. The LH2/GH(2)/dewar system takes >= 4 h to reach thermodynamic equilibrium after fueling. LH2 can extend the endurance of small autonomous systems, but at the expense of greater design effort and reduced operational flexibility. Copyright (C) 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stroman, Richard O.; Swider-Lyons, Karen] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rodgers, Joseph A.; Edwards, Daniel J.] US Naval Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schuette, Michael W.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 20171 USA. RP Stroman, RO (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM richard.stroman@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroman, Richard/F-6868-2014 OI Stroman, Richard/0000-0003-4937-8365 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 21 BP 11279 EP 11290 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.05.065 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA AL3PA UT WOS:000339039500049 ER PT J AU Gentry, S Chow, E Wickliffe, C Shteyn, E Leighton, T Kasiske, B Segev, D AF Gentry, S. Chow, E. Wickliffe, C. Shteyn, E. Leighton, T. Kasiske, B. Segev, D. TI Optimized Redistricting for Liver Allocation: Exploring the Impact of Choices By the Transplant Community SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT World Transplant Congress CY JUL 26-31, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg, Transplantat Soc, Amer Soc Transplantat C1 [Gentry, S.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gentry, S.; Chow, E.; Wickliffe, C.; Segev, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gentry, S.; Shteyn, E.; Leighton, T.; Kasiske, B.; Segev, D.] Sci Registry Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 EI 1534-6080 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 98 SU 1 MA 620 BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA AL4LN UT WOS:000339104601008 ER PT J AU Gentry, S Chow, E Zaun, D Leighton, T Segev, D AF Gentry, S. Chow, E. Zaun, D. Leighton, T. Segev, D. TI Organ Procurement Organization Performance and Net Import of Deceased Donor Livers SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT World Transplant Congress CY JUL 26-31, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg, Transplantat Soc, Amer Soc Transplantat C1 [Gentry, S.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gentry, S.; Chow, E.; Segev, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gentry, S.; Zaun, D.; Leighton, T.; Segev, D.] Sci Registry Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 EI 1534-6080 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 98 SU 1 MA 2236 BP 182 EP 183 PG 2 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA AL4LN UT WOS:000339104601084 ER PT J AU Chow, E Gentry, S Wickliffe, C Massie, A Segev, D AF Chow, E. Gentry, S. Wickliffe, C. Massie, A. Segev, D. TI Relationship Between Transport Time and Cold Ischemia Time in Liver Transplantation SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT World Transplant Congress CY JUL 26-31, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Transplant Surg, Transplantat Soc, Amer Soc Transplantat C1 [Chow, E.; Gentry, S.; Wickliffe, C.; Massie, A.; Segev, D.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gentry, S.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gentry, S.; Segev, D.] Sci Registry Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 EI 1534-6080 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 98 SU 1 MA B1085 BP 725 EP 726 PG 2 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA AL4LN UT WOS:000339104604392 ER PT J AU Aviv, AJ Blaze, M Sherr, M Smith, JM AF Aviv, Adam J. Blaze, Matt Sherr, Micah Smith, Jonathan M. TI Privacy-aware message exchanges for HumaNets SO COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Opportunistic networking; Privacy; Geographic routing; Location privacy; Anonymous communication ID AD HOC NETWORKS; ROUTING PROTOCOL; HUMAN MOBILITY AB This paper describes a novel privacy-aware geographic routing protocol for Human Movement Networks (HumaNets). HumaNets are fully decentralized opportunistic store-and-forward, delay-tolerant networks composed of smartphone devices. Such networks allow participants to exchange messages phone-to-phone and have applications where traditional infrastructure is unavailable (e.g., during a disaster) and in totalitarian states where cellular network monitoring and censorship are employed. Our protocol leverages self-determined location profiles of smartphone operators' movements as a predictor of future locations, enabling efficient geographic routing over metropolitan-wide areas. Since these profiles contain sensitive information about participants' prior movements, our routing protocol is designed to minimize the exposure of sensitive information during a message exchange. We demonstrate via simulation over both synthetic and real-world trace data that our protocol is highly scalable, leaks little information, and balances privacy and efficiency: messages are approximately 20% more likely to be delivered than similar random walk protocols, and the median latency is comparable to epidemic protocols while requiring an order of magnitude fewer messages. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Aviv, Adam J.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Blaze, Matt; Smith, Jonathan M.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sherr, Micah] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Aviv, AJ (reprint author), 572M Holloway Rd,Stop 9F, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM aviv@usna.edu; blaze@cis.upenn.edu; msherr@cs.georgetown.edu; jms@cis.upenn.edu FU NFS Grants [CNS-1064986, CNS-1149832, CNS-1204347]; ONR Grant [N00014-09-1-0770]; Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA); Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific [N66001-11-C-4020] FX This work is partially supported by NFS Grants CNS-1064986, CNS-1149832, CNS-1204347, and ONR Grant N00014-09-1-0770. This material is based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) and Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific under Contract No. N66001-11-C-4020. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency and Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-3664 EI 1873-703X J9 COMPUT COMMUN JI Comput. Commun. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 48 SI SI BP 30 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.comcom.2014.03.013 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA AJ7NK UT WOS:000337883200004 ER PT J AU Shah, K Drake, SJ Wetz, DA Ostanek, JK Miller, SP Heinzel, JM Jain, A AF Shah, K. Drake, S. J. Wetz, D. A. Ostanek, J. K. Miller, S. P. Heinzel, J. M. Jain, A. TI Modeling of steady-state convective cooling of cylindrical Li-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Lithium-ion batteries; Convective cooling; Thermal management; Safety; Thermal runaway ID THERMAL MANAGEMENT; LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELECTRODES; PACKS AB While Lithium-ion batteries have the potential to serve as an excellent means of energy storage, they suffer from several operational safety concerns. Temperature excursion beyond a specified limit for a Lithium-ion battery triggers a sequence of decomposition and release, which can preclude thermal runaway events and catastrophic failure. To optimize liquid or air-based convective cooling approaches, it is important to accurately model the thermal response of Lithium-ion cells to convective cooling, particularly in high-rate discharge applications where significant heat generation is expected. This paper presents closed-form analytical solutions for the steady-state temperature profile in a convectively cooled cylindrical Lithium-ion cell. These models account for the strongly anisotropic thermal conductivity of cylindrical Lithium-ion batteries due to the spirally wound electrode assembly. Model results are in excellent agreement with experimentally measured temperature rise in a thermal test cell. Results indicate that improvements in radial thermal conductivity and axial convective heat transfer coefficient may result in significant peak temperature reduction. Battery sizing optimization using the analytical model is discussed, indicating the dependence of thermal performance of the cell on its size and aspect ratio. Results presented in this paper may aid in accurate thermal design and thermal management of Lithium-ion batteries. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shah, K.; Drake, S. J.; Jain, A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX USA. [Wetz, D. A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX USA. [Ostanek, J. K.; Miller, S. P.; Heinzel, J. M.] US Navy, Carderock Div, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Jain, A (reprint author), 500 W First St,Rm 211, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM jaina@uta.edu FU ONR [N000141310819] FX This work was supported under ONR grant number N000141310819. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 258 BP 374 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.115 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AF7MN UT WOS:000334899300045 ER PT J AU Bendick, J Reed, B Morrow, P Carole, T AF Bendick, John Reed, Brian Morrow, Patrick Carole, Tracy TI Using a high shear rotary membrane system to treat shipboard wastewaters: Experimental disc diameter, rotation and flux relationships SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rotating membrane; Shear rate; Rotation; Diameter ID ULTRAFILTRATION; PERFORMANCE; FILTER; FLOW AB The permeate flux (J) and volume throughput (Q) dependence on rotation (omega), diameter (D), Reynolds Number (Re) and shear rate (gamma) for a high shear rotary membrane system (HSR-MS) was investigated to determine if larger, slower rotated discs could lead to a smaller system weight and foot/cube-print which is needed for US Navy shipboard placement. The HSR-MS steady state flux (J(ss)) was highly dependent on omega and D ranging from 10 to 433 L/m(2) hr (LMH). For every 100 rpm increase in omega, J(ss) increased on average by 26 LMH. The outer membrane third provided >= 50% of the total flow, with the inner third providing about 15%. The J(ss)-gamma relationship was extended to larger membranes (312 and 374 mm) and predicted that J(ss) increased by about 15% for each increase in size. Q(ss) was much more sensitive to increases in diameter and corresponding surface area - Q increased by 45% for D=267 mm -> 312 mm and 65% increased for D=312 mm -> 374 mm (approximate to 1% increase in Q per mm increase in diameter). Collectively, the results show that larger discs, rotated at lower rotations, can produce similar or greater Q compared to smaller discs rotating faster (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bendick, John; Reed, Brian] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem Biochem & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Morrow, Patrick; Carole, Tracy] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Bendick, J (reprint author), 1604 Walnut St, Camp Hill, PA 17011 USA. EM bendick1@umcb.edu FU Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP); Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Department of Navy, Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD); Department of Defense FX Funding was provided by the Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Department of Navy, Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD) to the University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC). UMBC researchers performed testing at NSWCCD facilities using both UMBC and NSWCCD equipment and personnel. NAVSEA provided direction on the broad research goal and UMBC then translated that goal into the study design. UMBC then performed all data interpretation, analysis and writing. The Department of Defense sponsors reviewed the final manuscript to ensure compliance with their information assurance security procedures for public release. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 EI 1873-3123 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2014 VL 462 BP 178 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.02.015 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA AF1YN UT WOS:000334509900020 ER PT J AU Tomer, D Rajput, S Hudy, LJ Li, CH Li, L AF Tomer, D. Rajput, S. Hudy, L. J. Li, C. H. Li, L. TI Intrinsic inhomogeneity in barrier height at monolayer graphene/SiC Schottky junction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; INTERFACE; TRANSPORT; DIODES AB Graphene interfaced with a semiconductor forms a Schottky junction with rectifying properties. The inherent spatial inhomogeneity due to the formation of ripples and ridges in graphene can lead to fluctuations in the Schottky barrier height (SBH). The non-ideal behavior of the temperature dependent barrier height and ideality factor greater than 4 can be attributed to these spatial inhomogeneities. Assuming a Gaussian distribution of the barrier, mean SBHs of 1.30 +/- 0.18 eV and 1.16 +/- 0.16 eV are found for graphene/SiC junctions on the C- and Si-face, respectively. These findings reveal intrinsic spatial inhomogeneities in the SBHs in graphene based Schottky junctions. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Tomer, D.; Rajput, S.; Hudy, L. J.; Li, L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Li, C. H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tomer, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM dtomer@uwm.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-07ER46228] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award No. DE-FG02-07ER46228. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 2 AR 021607 DI 10.1063/1.4890405 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AO2KU UT WOS:000341151400019 ER PT J AU Tran, KN Salamanca-Riba, L Chiou, WA AF Tran, Kim N. Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes Chiou, Wen-An TI In situ elevated temperature transmission electron microscopy of sensitized aluminum-magnesium alloy treated by ultrasonic impact treatment SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AL-MG ALLOY; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; SUBMICROMETER GRAIN-SIZE; SURFACE NANOCRYSTALLIZATION; NEAR-SURFACE; MICROSTRUCTURE; RECRYSTALLIZATION; EVOLUTION; REFINEMENT; STABILITY AB In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis shows that submicrometer grains formed by ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) of sensitized 5456-H116 Al-Mg alloy products are thermally stable up to; similar to 300 degrees C which is consistent with previous research on annealing of heavily deformed Al-Mg. Grain growth occurs above 300 degrees C with significant growth at similar to 400 degrees C. Grain growth continued upon heating to 450 degrees C; the grain size did not significantly increase when the temperature was held at 450 degrees C long term. In situ TEM revealed a duplex microstructure that was not fully recrystallized. The activation energy for grain growth was determined to be similar to 32 kJ/mol. The submicrometer grains produced by UIT offer improved resistance to fatigue and corrosion. The majority of sensitized 5456-H116 failures are sensitive to the material's surface properties and operational service temperature; the stability of the submicrometer grains in the UIT Al- Mg makes them more stable in practical operations where increase in the material temperature is an issue. C1 [Tran, Kim N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chiou, Wen-An] Univ Maryland, NanoCtr, Nanoscale Imaging Spect & Properties Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tran, KN (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM kimngoc.tran@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N000141010867, N000141210424]; Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division [N001671000168]; Maryland NanoCenter and Nanoscale Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Properties Laboratory (NISP Lab); National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N000141010867, N000141210424) and Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (Grant No. N001671000168). The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and Nanoscale Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Properties Laboratory (NISP Lab). The NISP Lab is supported by the National Science Foundation as a Materials Research Science and Engineering Center Shared Experimental Facility. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 21 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL 14 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 13 BP 1456 EP 1462 DI 10.1557/jmr.2014.148 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AN4LX UT WOS:000340560400009 ER PT J AU Hartley, DJ Janssens, RVF Riedinger, LL Riley, MA Wang, X Miller, S Ayangeakaa, AD Carpenter, MP Carroll, JJ Cavey, J Chiara, CJ Chowdhury, P Garg, U Hota, SS Jackson, EG Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Litz, M Ma, WC Matta, J Paul, ES Pedicini, EE Simpson, J Vanhoy, JR Zhu, S AF Hartley, D. J. Janssens, R. V. F. Riedinger, L. L. Riley, M. A. Wang, X. Miller, S. Ayangeakaa, A. D. Carpenter, M. P. Carroll, J. J. Cavey, J. Chiara, C. J. Chowdhury, P. Garg, U. Hota, S. S. Jackson, E. G. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. Litz, M. Ma, W. C. Matta, J. Paul, E. S. Pedicini, E. E. Simpson, J. Vanhoy, J. R. Zhu, S. TI High-spin structure of odd-odd Re-172 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB A significant extension of the level scheme for the odd-odd nucleus Re-172 was accomplished through the use of the Gammasphere spectrometer. States up to a tentative spin assignment of 39 were observed and two new structures were identified. Configuration assignments are proposed based on alignment properties and observed band crossings. C1 [Hartley, D. J.; Cavey, J.; Pedicini, E. E.; Vanhoy, J. R.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Janssens, R. V. F.; Carpenter, M. P.; Chiara, C. J.; Lauritsen, T.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Riedinger, L. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Riley, M. A.; Wang, X.; Miller, S.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Ayangeakaa, A. D.; Garg, U.; Matta, J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Carroll, J. J.; Litz, M.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Chiara, C. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chiara, C. J.; Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chowdhury, P.; Hota, S. S.; Jackson, E. G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Ma, W. C.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Paul, E. S.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Simpson, J.] STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Hartley, DJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Ayangeakaa, Akaa/F-3683-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Ayangeakaa, Akaa/0000-0003-1679-3175 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-1203100, PHY-0754674, PHY-1068192]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-94ER40848, DE-FG02-96ER40983, DE-FG02-94ER40834, DE-FG02-95ER40939]; United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council FX The authors thank the ANL operations staff at Gammasphere and gratefully acknowledge the efforts of J. P. Greene for target preparation. We thank D. C. Radford and H. Q. Jin for their software support. This work is funded by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. PHY-1203100 (USNA), No. PHY-0754674 (FSU), and No. PHY-1068192 (ND), as well as by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL), No. DE-FG02-94ER40848 (UML), No. DE-FG02-96ER40983 (UT), No. DE-FG02-94ER40834 (UMCP), and No. DE-FG02-95ER40939 (MSU), as well as the United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL 11 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 AR 017301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.90.017301 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AQ7MQ UT WOS:000343002300010 ER PT J AU Woolpert, T Phillips, CJ Sevick, C Crum-Cianflone, NF Blair, PJ Faix, D AF Woolpert, Tabitha Phillips, Christopher J. Sevick, Carter Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F. Blair, Patrick J. Faix, Dennis TI Health-Related Behaviors and Effectiveness of Trivalent Inactivated versus Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in Preventing Influenza-Like Illness among Young Adults SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID US MILITARY PERSONNEL; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ELITE SWIMMERS; UNITED-STATES; HOST-DEFENSE; DISEASES; VIRUS; SURVEILLANCE AB Background: Vaccination is the preferred preventive strategy against influenza. Though health behaviors are known to affect immunity and vaccine delivery modes utilize different immune processes, data regarding the preferred influenza vaccine type among adults endorsing specific health-related behaviors (alcohol use, tobacco use, and exercise level) are limited. Methods: The relative effectiveness of two currently available influenza vaccines were compared for prevention of influenza-like illness during 2 well-matched influenza seasons (2006/2007, 2008/2009) among US military personnel aged 18-49 years. Relative vaccine effectiveness was compared between those self-reporting and not reporting recent smoking history and potential alcohol problem, and by exercise level using Cox proportional hazard modeling adjusted for sociodemographic and military factors, geographic area, and other health behaviors. Results: 28,929 vaccination events and 3936 influenza-like illness events over both influenza seasons were studied. Of subjects, 27.5% were smokers, 7.7% had a potential alcohol-related problem, 10.5% reported minimal exercise, and 4.4% reported high exercise levels. Overall, the risk of influenza-like illness did not significantly differ between live attenuated and trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine recipients (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-1.06). In the final adjusted model, the relative effectiveness of the 2 vaccine types did not differ by smoking status (p = 0.10), alcohol status (p = 0.21), or activity level (p = 0.11). Conclusions: Live attenuated and trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines were similarly effective in preventing influenza-like illness among young adults and did not differ by health-related behavior status. Influenza vaccine efforts should continue to focus simply on delivering vaccine. C1 [Woolpert, Tabitha; Phillips, Christopher J.; Sevick, Carter; Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Blair, Patrick J.; Faix, Dennis] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Phillips, CJ (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM chris.phillips@med.navy.mil FU US Military Vaccine Agency (MILVAX) FX This work was supported by the US Military Vaccine Agency (MILVAX). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 11 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 AR e102154 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0102154 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL8HH UT WOS:000339378400073 PM 25013931 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Anson, CD Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Banerjee, A Barnovska, Z Beavis, DR Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, P Bichsel, H Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Borowski, W Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Brovko, SG Bultmann, S Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cebra, D Cendejas, R Cervantes, MC Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, JH Chen, L Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Chwastowski, J Codrington, MJM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Cui, X Das, S Leyva, AD De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA de Souza, RD Dhamija, S di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Ding, F Djawotho, P Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Engle, KS Eppley, G Eun, L Evdokimov, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Fedorisin, J Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Gagliardi, CA Gangadharan, DR Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Gliske, S Grosnick, D Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, S Guryn, W Haag, B Hajkova, O Hamed, A Han, LX Haque, R Harris, JW Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, B Huang, HZ Huang, X Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Kesich, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Konzer, J Koralt, I Korsch, W Kotchenda, L Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, W Li, X Li, X Li, Y Li, ZM Lima, LM Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, GL Ma, YG Don, DMMDM Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D McShane, TS Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Ohlson, A Okorokov, V Oldag, EW Oliveira, RAN Pachr, M Page, BS Pal, SK Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peryt, W Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Plyku, D Poljak, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Przybycien, M Pujahari, PR Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Riley, CK Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Ross, JF Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandacz, A Sandweiss, J Sangaline, E Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Singaraju, RN Skoby, MJ Smirnov, D Smirnov, N Solanki, D Sorensen, P Desouza, UG Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stevens, JR Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Sumbera, M Sun, X Sun, XM Sun, Y Sun, Z Surrow, B Svirida, DN Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Turnau, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vanfossen, JA Varma, R Vasconcelos, GMS Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbk, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Vossen, A Wada, M Wang, F Wang, G Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Webb, G Webb, JC Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, H Xu, N Xu, QH Xu, Y Xu, Z Yan, W Yang, C Yang, Y Yang, Y Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Zawisza, Y Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, JL Zhang, S Zhang, XP Zhang, Y Zhang, ZP Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhu, X Zhu, YH Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Anson, C. D. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Banerjee, A. Barnovska, Z. Beavis, D. R. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, P. Bichsel, H. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Borowski, W. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Brovko, S. G. Bueltmann, S. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca Cebra, D. Cendejas, R. Cervantes, M. C. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. F. Chen, J. H. Chen, L. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Chikanian, A. Christie, W. Chwastowski, J. Codrington, M. J. M. Cramer, J. G. Crawford, H. J. Cui, X. Das, S. Leyva, A. Davila De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. Derradi de Souza, R. Dhamija, S. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Ding, F. Djawotho, P. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Engle, K. S. Eppley, G. Eun, L. Evdokimov, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Fedorisin, J. Filip, P. Finch, E. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Gagliardi, C. A. Gangadharan, D. R. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Gliske, S. Grosnick, D. Guo, Y. Gupta, A. Gupta, S. Guryn, W. Haag, B. Hajkova, O. Hamed, A. Han, L. -X. Haque, R. Harris, J. W. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, B. Huang, H. Z. Huang, X. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Kesich, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Konzer, J. Koralt, I. Korsch, W. Kotchenda, L. Kravtsov, P. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. LeVine, M. J. Li, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. M. Lima, L. M. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige Mahapatra, D. P. Majka, R. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. McShane, T. S. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Munhoz, M. G. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nelson, J. M. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Ohlson, A. Okorokov, V. Oldag, E. W. Oliveira, R. A. N. Pachr, M. Page, B. S. Pal, S. K. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peryt, W. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Plyku, D. Poljak, N. Porter, J. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Przybycien, M. Pujahari, P. R. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Riley, C. K. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Ross, J. F. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandacz, A. Sandweiss, J. Sangaline, E. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Singaraju, R. N. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, N. Solanki, D. Sorensen, P. Desouza, U. G. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stevens, J. R. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Suaide, A. A. P. Sumbera, M. Sun, X. Sun, X. M. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Symons, T. J. M. de Toledo, A. Szanto Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Turnau, J. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vanfossen, J. A., Jr. Varma, R. Vasconcelos, G. M. S. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbk, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Vossen, A. Wada, M. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Webb, G. Webb, J. C. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q. H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Yan, W. Yang, C. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Zawisza, Y. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. H. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Dielectron Mass Spectra from Au plus Au Collisions at root s(NN)=200 Ge V SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; COLLABORATION; RESTORATION; PERSPECTIVE; DILEPTONS; MATTER AB We report the STAR measurements of dielectron (e(+)e(-)) production at midrapidity (vertical bar y(ee)vertical bar < 1) in Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The measurements are evaluated in different invariant mass regions with a focus on 0.30-0.76 (rho-like), 0.76-0.80 (omega-like), and 0.98-1.05 (phi-like) GeV/c(2). The spectrum in the omega-like and phi-like regions can be well described by the hadronic cocktail simulation. In the rho-like region, however, the vacuum rho spectral function cannot describe the shape of the dielectron excess. In this range, an enhancement of 1.77 +/- 0.11(stat) +/- 0.24(syst) +/- 0.33(cocktail) is determined with respect to the hadronic cocktail simulation that excludes the rho meson. The excess yield in the rho-like region increases with the number of collision participants faster than the omega and phi yields. Theoretical models with broadened rho contributions through interactions with constituents in the hot QCD medium provide a consistent description of the dilepton mass spectra for the measurement presented here and the earlier data at the Super Proton Synchrotron energies. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Przybycien, M.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Gliske, S.; Krueger, K.; Spinka, H. M.; Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nelson, J. M.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Beavis, D. R.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Huang, B.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; LeVine, M. J.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbk, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brovko, S. G.; Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Ding, F.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Haag, B.; Kesich, A.; Romero, J. L.; Sangaline, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Derradi de Souza, R.; Takahashi, J.; Vasconcelos, G. M. S.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, L.; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Wu, Y. F.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Kauder, K.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Kycia, R. A.] Cracow Univ Technol, Krakow, Poland. [Cherney, M.; Don, D. M. M. D. Madagodagettige; McShane, T. S.; Ross, J. F.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Hajkova, O.; Pachr, M.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Barnovska, Z.; Bielcikova, J.; Rusnak, J.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Prague 108793, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Sahu, P. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Dhamija, S.; Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Keane, D.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Vanfossen, J. A., Jr.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Korsch, W.; Ramachandran, S.; Webb, G.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Taejon, South Korea. [Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. [Dong, X.; Eun, L.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Shi, S. S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Sun, X. M.; Symons, T. J. M.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stevens, J. R.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, P.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Haque, R.; Kumar, L.; Mohanty, B.; Nasim, Md.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Anson, C. D.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bueltmann, S.; Koralt, I.; Plyku, D.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Pawlik, B.; Turnau, J.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Cendejas, R.; Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Garand, D.; Hirsch, A.; Konzer, J.; Li, X.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Llope, W. J.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Lima, L. M.; Munhoz, M. G.; Oliveira, R. A. N.; Desouza, U. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chen, H. F.; Cui, X.; Guo, Y.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Wang, X. L.; Xu, Y.; Yang, C.; Zawisza, Y.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Han, L. -X.; Li, W.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Y. H.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Borowski, W.; Kabana, S.] SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Li, X.; Surrow, B.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Djawotho, P.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamed, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, P.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Leyva, A. Davila; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Oldag, E. W.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.; Wada, M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; De Silva, L. C.; McDonald, D.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Yan, W.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Engle, K. S.; Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Roy, A.; Sahoo, N. R.; Singaraju, R. N.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. [Girard, M.; Kisiel, A.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Sandacz, A.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Bichsel, H.; Cramer, J. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Caines, H.; Chikanian, A.; Finch, E.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Majka, R.; Ohlson, A.; Riley, C. K.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adamczyk, L (reprint author), AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Krakow, Poland. RI Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; XIAO, Zhigang/C-3788-2015; Kumar, Lokesh/A-6154-2010; Aparecido Negrao de Oliveira, Renato/G-9133-2015; Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Dong, Xin/G-1799-2014; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014 OI Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Kumar, Lokesh/0000-0002-2746-9840; Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Dong, Xin/0000-0001-9083-5906; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; FU RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; KISTI Center in Korea; Open Science Grid consortium; Offices of NP; HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; CNRS/IN2P3; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; MoST of China (973 Program) [2014CB845400]; CAS; Korean Research Foundation; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FIAS of Germany; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; National Science Centre of Poland; National Research Foundation [NRF-2012004024]; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; RosAtom of Russia; MoE of China FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL, the KISTI Center in Korea, and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, CNRS/IN2P3, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the NNSFC, the MoST of China (973 Program No. 2014CB845400), CAS, the MoE of China, the Korean Research Foundation, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FIAS of Germany, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, the National Science Centre of Poland, National Research Foundation (Grant No. NRF-2012004024), the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 44 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 2 AR 022301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.022301 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AK9JM UT WOS:000338743400004 ER PT J AU Liu, X Queen, DR Metcalf, TH Karel, JE Hellman, F AF Liu, Xiao Queen, Daniel R. Metcalf, Thomas H. Karel, Julie E. Hellman, Frances TI Hydrogen-Free Amorphous Silicon with No Tunneling States SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-ENERGY EXCITATIONS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; RIGIDITY PERCOLATION; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; VITREOUS SILICA; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; SOLIDS; GLASSES; FILMS; MODEL AB The ubiquitous low-energy excitations, known as two-level tunneling systems (TLSs), are one of the universal phenomena of amorphous solids. Low temperature elastic measurements show that e-beam amorphous silicon (a-Si) contains a variable density of TLSs which diminishes as the growth temperature reaches 400 degrees C. Structural analyses show that these a-Si films become denser and more structurally ordered. We conclude that the enhanced surface energetics at a high growth temperature improved the amorphous structural network of e-beam a-Si and removed TLSs. This work obviates the role hydrogen was previously thought to play in removing TLSs in the hydrogenated form of a-Si and suggests it is possible to prepare "perfect" amorphous solids with "crystal-like" properties for applications. C1 [Liu, Xiao; Metcalf, Thomas H.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Queen, Daniel R.] Naval Res Lab, NRC Postdoctoral Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Karel, Julie E.; Hellman, Frances] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hellman, Frances] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM xiao.liu@nrl.navy.mil RI Karel, Julie/J-5305-2014 FU Office of Naval Research; NSF [DMR-0907724]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and NSF DMR-0907724. Film growth was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank J. W. Ager III for assistance with Raman spectroscopy and K. M. Yu for assistance with Rutherford backscattering, both at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We also thank R. O. Pohl, U. Buchenau, and G. Jug for helpful discussions. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 8 PY 2014 VL 113 IS 2 AR 025503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.025503 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AL4QT UT WOS:000339118300011 PM 25062205 ER PT J AU Ricks-Laskoski, HL Chaloux, BL Deese, SM Laskoski, M Miller, JB Buckley, MA Baldwin, JW Hickner, MA Saunders, KM Christensen, CM AF Ricks-Laskoski, Holly L. Chaloux, Brian L. Deese, Stephen M. Laskoski, Matthew Miller, Joel B. Buckley, Mary A. Baldwin, Jeffrey W. Hickner, Michael A. Saunders, Kaitlin M. Christensen, Caroline M. TI Tetrazolation of Side Chains and Anhydrous Conductivity in a Hydrophobic Polymer SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID PROTON CONDUCTIVITY; 5-SUBSTITUTED 1H-TETRAZOLES; CLICK CHEMISTRY; COPOLYMERS; MEMBRANES; ELECTROLYTE; NITRILES; WATER; ACID; 5-(METHACRYLAMIDO)TETRAZOLE AB 1H-Tetrazoles possess the lowest pK(a) within the azole family of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, making them attractive amphoteric moieties for anhydrous proton conduction. The synthesis of a styrenic, random coil polymer with pendent C-substituted 1H-tetrazoles is described in detail. This facile route results in a polymer containing free proton-bearing tetrazoles, limits side reactions, and proceeds using low polarity, halogenated solvents (e.g., 1,2-dichlorobenzene or chlorobenzene), which improve solubility during tetrazole cyclization. The resulting polymer, when probed by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, had no measurable salt content, ensuring accurate proton conductivity measurements. Utilizing interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) in conjunction with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), undoped anhydrous proton conductivities were measured to be as high as 10(-5) S cm(-1) at 120 degrees C. This weakly acidic, 1H-tetrazole-bearing polymer is thermally stable to 210 degrees C, possesses two distinct glass transitions (T-g) at 49 and 74 degrees C, and exhibits surprisingly low water uptake, despite its acidic and amphoteric nature. Reduction of T(g)s, achieved by synthesis of low molecular weight poly(4-vinylphenol) via acid polymerization, shows a minimal dependence of anhydrous proton conductivity on backbone motion. C1 [Ricks-Laskoski, Holly L.; Chaloux, Brian L.; Deese, Stephen M.; Laskoski, Matthew; Miller, Joel B.; Buckley, Mary A.; Saunders, Kaitlin M.] Naval Res Lab, Branch 6120, Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baldwin, Jeffrey W.] Naval Res Lab, Branch 7130, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hickner, Michael A.; Christensen, Caroline M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ricks-Laskoski, HL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Branch 6120, Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM holly.ricks-laskoski@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Research Laboratory for financial support of this project. Additionally, B.L.C., S.M.D., and M.A.B. acknowledge NRL's Student Temporary Employment and Pathways Programs while K.M.S. acknowledges ONR's Science & Engineering Apprentice Program. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 8 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 13 BP 4243 EP 4250 DI 10.1021/ma501068j PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AL0GW UT WOS:000338806400014 ER PT J AU Fontana, J Ratna, BR AF Fontana, Jake Ratna, Banahalli R. TI Highly tunable gold nanorod dimer resonances mediated through conductive junctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-INDEX METAMATERIALS; ASPECT-RATIO; REFRACTION; AU AB We study the optical properties of gold nanorod (Au NR) dimers connected end-to-end by a thin metallic junction. The plasmonic oscillations along the long axis of the dimer gives rise to two dominant modes: a bonding dimer plasmon emerging from the dipolar mode of each individual nanorod and a charge transfer plasmon involving the entire dimer structure. We find the charge transfer plasmon absorbance peak shift from the dimer structure is proportional to the NR aspect ratio (AR) behaving as it was a single NR with an AR nearly an order of magnitude larger. The charge transfer plasmon absorbance peak sensitively depends on the material and geometry of the connecting junction, theoretically tuning the absorbance peak from 1 mu m to 10 mu m. A straightforward "Drude-like" model to describe the charge transfer plasmon response is presented. The development of charge transfer plasmon nanostructures may open up new classes of plasmonic nanostructures leading to disruptive metamaterial technologies. C1 [Fontana, Jake; Ratna, Banahalli R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fontana, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jake.fontana@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported with funding provided from the Office of Naval Research. J. Fontana and B. Ratna are affiliated with the Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 56 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2014 VL 105 IS 1 AR 011107 DI 10.1063/1.4887335 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AM2FK UT WOS:000339664900007 ER PT J AU Kaganovich, D Gordon, DF Helle, MH Ting, A AF Kaganovich, D. Gordon, D. F. Helle, M. H. Ting, A. TI Shaping gas jet plasma density profile by laser generated shock waves SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATION AB The Gaussian plasma density profile from a simple cylindrical nozzle jet was modified using laser generated shock wave. This modification provided great variety of density profiles suitable for different applications. The Gaussian plasma density distribution was modified into fast-rise slow-fall profile with adjustable gradients, almost flat-top profiles, and profiles with variable lengths. Position of the shock wave center and time delay were the major parameters used for shaping the density profiles. Other easily adjustable parameters such as shock wave energy and backing pressure provided linear scaling of the modified plasma densities. C1 [Kaganovich, D.; Gordon, D. F.; Helle, M. H.; Ting, A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaganovich, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dmitri.kaganovich@nrl.navy.mil OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 FU DOE [DE-SC0006759] FX This work was supported by DOE Inter-agency Agreement No. DE-SC0006759. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2014 VL 116 IS 1 AR 013304 DI 10.1063/1.4885197 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AM1QB UT WOS:000339621400010 ER PT J AU Murase, K Inoue, Y Dermer, CD AF Murase, Kohta Inoue, Yoshiyuki Dermer, Charles D. TI Diffuse neutrino intensity from the inner jets of active galactic nuclei: Impacts of external photon fields and the blazar sequence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; DEEP GALAXY COUNTS; COSMIC-RAYS; X-RAY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SPACE-TELESCOPE AB We study high-energy neutrino production in inner jets of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN), taking into account effects of external photon fields and the blazar sequence. We show that the resulting diffuse neutrino intensity is dominated by quasar-hosted blazars, in particular, flat spectrum radio quasars, and that PeV-EeV neutrino production due to photohadronic interactions with broadline and dust radiation is unavoidable if the AGN inner jets are ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) sources. Their neutrino spectrum has a cutoff feature around PeV energies since target photons are due to Ly alpha emission. Because of infrared photons provided by the dust torus, neutrino spectra above PeV energies are too hard to be consistent with the IceCube data unless the proton spectral index is steeper than 2.5, or the maximum proton energy is less than or similar to 100 PeV. Thus, the simple model has difficulty in explaining the IceCube data. For the cumulative neutrino intensity from blazars to exceed similar to 10(-8) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1), their local cosmic-ray energy generation rate would be similar to 10-100 times larger than the local UHECR emissivity but is comparable to the averaged gamma-ray blazar emissivity. Interestingly, future detectors such as the Askaryan Radio Array can detect similar to 0.1-1 EeV neutrinos even in more conservative cases, allowing us to indirectly test the hypothesis that UHECRs are produced in the inner jets. We find that the diffuse neutrino intensity from radio-loud AGN is dominated by blazars with gamma-ray luminosity of greater than or similar to 10(48) erg s(-1), and the arrival directions of their similar to 1-100 PeV neutrinos correlate with the luminous blazars detected by Fermi. C1 [Murase, Kohta] Hubble Fellow Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Inoue, Yoshiyuki] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Inoue, Yoshiyuki] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Inoue, Yoshiyuki] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, JAXA ITY Fellow Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Dermer, Charles D.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murase, K (reprint author), Hubble Fellow Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Murase, Kohta/B-2710-2016 OI Inoue, Yoshiyuki/0000-0002-7272-1136; Murase, Kohta/0000-0002-5358-5642 FU NASA through Hubble Fellowship [51310.01]; STScI; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. [NAS 5-26555]; JSPS Fellowship for Research Abroad; Office of Naval Research; JSPS Fellowship FX We thank Patrick Harding, Makoto Kishimoto, and Nick Scoville for useful comments. This work is supported by NASA through Hubble Fellowship Grant No. 51310.01, awarded by the STScI, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under Contract No. NAS 5-26555 (K. M.). K. M. acknowledges support to attend two workshops held in February 2014, namely, Cosmic Neutrino PeVatron at Chiba University and Cosmic Messages in Ghostly Bottles at the Ohio State University, where results of this work were presented. The work of Y. I. is supported by the JSPS Fellowship for Research Abroad. The work of C. D. D. is supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 122 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 7 PY 2014 VL 90 IS 2 AR 023007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.90.023007 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA AL3YF UT WOS:000339067400004 ER PT J AU Tran, BR Thomas, AG Vaida, F Ditsela, M Phetogo, R Kelapile, D Haubrich, R Chambers, C Shaffer, R AF Bonnie Robin Tran Thomas, Anne Goldzier Vaida, Florin Ditsela, Mooketsi Phetogo, Robert Kelapile, David Haubrich, Richard Chambers, Christina Shaffer, Richard TI An intervention study examining the effects of condom wrapper graphics and scent on condom use in the Botswana Defence Force SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention intervention; condom use; military; sexual behaviors; HIV ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; PARTNERSHIPS; AFRICA AB Free condoms provided by the government are often not used by Botswana Defence Force (BDF) personnel due to a perceived unpleasant scent and unattractive wrapper. Formative work with the BDF found that scented condoms and military-inspired (camouflage) wrapper graphics were appealing to personnel. A non-randomized intervention study was implemented to determine whether condom wrapper graphics and scent improved condom use in the BDF. Four military sites were selected for participation. Two sites in the south received the intervention condom wrapped in a generic wrapper and two sites in the north received the intervention condom wrapped in a military-inspired wrapper; intervention condoms were either scented or unscented. Two hundred and eleven male soldiers who ever had sex, aged 18-30 years, and stationed at one of the selected sites consented to participate. Sexual activity and condom use were measured pre- and post-intervention using sexual behavior diaries. A condom use rate (CUR; frequency of protected sex divided by the total frequency of sex) was computed for each participant. Mean CURs significantly increased over time (85.7% baseline vs. 94.5% post-intervention). Adjusted odds of condom use over time were higher among participants who received the intervention condom packaged in the military wrapper compared with the generic wrapper. Adjusted odds of condom use were also higher for participants who reported using scented vs. unscented condoms. Providing scented condoms and condoms packaged in a miltiary-inspired wrapper may help increase condom use and reduce HIV infection among military personnel. C1 [Bonnie Robin Tran; Thomas, Anne Goldzier; Shaffer, Richard] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def HIV AIDS Prevent Program, San Diego, CA USA. [Vaida, Florin] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Biostat & Bioinformat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Ditsela, Mooketsi; Phetogo, Robert] Botswana Def Force, Gaborone, Botswana. [Kelapile, David] US Embassy, Gaborone, Botswana. [Haubrich, Richard] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Chambers, Christina] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat & Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Tran, BR (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def HIV AIDS Prevent Program, San Diego, CA USA. EM bonnie.tran@med.navy.mil FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI069432, K24 AI064086, P30 AI036214] NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 EI 1360-0451 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD JUL 3 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 7 BP 890 EP 898 DI 10.1080/09540121.2013.860420 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA AG0PY UT WOS:000335118600014 PM 24266459 ER PT J AU Field, CR Lubrano, A Woytowitz, M Giordano, BC Rose-Pehrsson, SL AF Field, Christopher R. Lubrano, Adam Woytowitz, Morgan Giordano, Braden C. Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. TI Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Chemistry; Gas Chromatography (GC); Electron Capture Detector; Explosives; Quantitation; Thermal Desorption; TNT; RDX ID DEPOSITION CALIBRATION METHOD; THERMAL-DESORPTION; PEAK DETECTION; AUTOMATIC PROGRAM; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INSTRUMENTATION; WATER; DECONVOLUTION; NITRAMINE; SIGNALS AB The direct liquid deposition of solution standards onto sorbent-filled thermal desorption tubes is used for the quantitative analysis of trace explosive vapor samples. The direct liquid deposition method yields a higher fidelity between the analysis of vapor samples and the analysis of solution standards than using separate injection methods for vapors and solutions, i.e., samples collected on vapor collection tubes and standards prepared in solution vials. Additionally, the method can account for instrumentation losses, which makes it ideal for minimizing variability and quantitative trace chemical detection. Gas chromatography with an electron capture detector is an instrumentation configuration sensitive to nitro-energetics, such as TNT and RDX, due to their relatively high electron affinity. However, vapor quantitation of these compounds is difficult without viable vapor standards. Thus, we eliminate the requirement for vapor standards by combining the sensitivity of the instrumentation with a direct liquid deposition protocol to analyze trace explosive vapor samples. C1 [Field, Christopher R.; Giordano, Braden C.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lubrano, Adam; Woytowitz, Morgan] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Field, CR (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christopher.field@nrl.navy.mil FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate FX Financial support was provided by the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD JUL PY 2014 IS 89 AR e51938 DI 10.3791/51938 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CB0DR UT WOS:000349296100082 PM 25145416 ER PT J AU Pirlo, RK Wu, PK Ringeisen, BR AF Pirlo, Russell K. Wu, Peter K. Ringeisen, Bradley R. TI Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing of Soft, Three-Dimensional, Multi layer, Biological Constructs via Laser Printing onto Laser Machined Composite Biopapers SO JOURNAL OF IMAGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN MICROARRAYS; IN-VITRO; TISSUE; CELL; SCAFFOLD AB Engineering of a tissue construct that mimics a native tissue's form and function requires mimicry of the material, chemical, and morphological properties of the target tissue. Matching of these very properties makes fabrication of a composite structure challenging. The authors present a collection of techniques used to create muftilayer three-dimensional soft-tissue constructs with high-resolution interlayer registration of individually printed two-dimensional patterns. These techniques include a bioreactor platform integrating NRL's Biological Laser Printing (BioLP (TM)) for quick and reproducible printing, culturing, and stacking of individual biopapers. The bioreactors were designed to mount and culture laser machined, stainless steel framed collagen biopapers. The biopapers in turn allowed for handling and high-resolution (<100 mu m) registration of otherwise difficult to handle hydrogels. The authors demonstrate printing of endothelial cells onto the biopapers and culturing and tubulogenesis within the bioreactor. They also demonstrate high-resolution interlayer registration of biopapers individually printed with fluorescent beads. (C) 2014 Society for Imaging Science and Technology C1 [Pirlo, Russell K.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wu, Peter K.] Southern Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Pirlo, RK (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM russell.pirlo@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 19 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 1062-3701 EI 1943-3522 J9 J IMAGING SCI TECHN JI J. Imaging Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 58 IS 4 AR 040401 DI 10.2352/j.imagingSci.Technol.2014.58.4.040401 PG 7 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AZ6SC UT WOS:000348348700001 ER PT J AU Garfinkel, SL McCarrin, M AF Garfinkel, Simson L. McCarrin, Michael TI Can We Sniff Wi-Fi? Implications of Joffe v. Google SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article AB The US Court of Appeals issued an opinion that Wi-Fi sniffing can violate the US Wiretap Act. If it stands, the ruling may significantly impact computer security education, in which Wi-Fi sniffing is a common student exercise; security practitioners, who sniff for security assessments; and computer security research, where it's common to sniff in order to find vulnerabilities. C1 [Garfinkel, Simson L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [McCarrin, Michael] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Garfinkel, SL (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM simsong@acm.org; mrmccarr@nps.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 EI 1558-4046 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 12 IS 4 BP 22 EP 28 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AW5MR UT WOS:000346319700006 ER PT J AU Crouse, D AF Crouse, David TI Maximum Likelihood Postdetection Radar Ambiguity Resolution SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCIES; CHINESE REMAINDER THEOREM; VELOCITY-MEASUREMENT; DOPPLER AMBIGUITIES; MULTIPLE PRF; MTD RADAR; RELIABILITY; ALGORITHM; RANGE AB Doppler and range ambiguity are common problems in radar systems. In this paper, a maximum-likelihood estimator taking advantage of the circular nature of the data is proposed and, using an example of detection using multiple digital television channels, is shown in all but instances of high noise to perform comparably to a popular clustering algorithm that ignores the circular nature of the data. This justifies the continued use of suboptimal linear models. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Crouse, D (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Attn Code 5344,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.crouse@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program (Karle Fellowship) FX This research is supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program (Karle Fellowship). NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1876 EP 1883 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.130021 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AX2RF UT WOS:000346791100023 ER PT J AU Blunt, SD Cook, M Jakabosky, J de Graaf, J Perrins, E AF Blunt, Shannon D. Cook, Matthew Jakabosky, John de Graaf, Jean Perrins, Erik TI Polyphase-Coded FM (PCFM) Radar Waveforms, Part I: Implementation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID PULSE-COMPRESSION CODES; OPTIMAL-PEAK; DESIGN AB Polyphase radar codes promise enhanced performance and flexibility due to greater design freedom. While the search for better codes continues, the implementation issues of transmitter bandlimiting and nonlinear distortion have precluded their widespread use in high-power systems. This paper introduces a modified continuous phase modulation implementation that converts an arbitrary polyphase code into a nonlinear frequency-modulated waveform that is constant envelope and spectrally well contained. Experimental results assess the receive sampling and pulse compression effects. C1 [Blunt, Shannon D.; Cook, Matthew; Jakabosky, John; Perrins, Erik] Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [de Graaf, Jean] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 1520 W 15th St, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM sdblunt@eecs.ku.edu FU Radar Division of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and through the Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Radar Division of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and through the Office of Naval Research base funding program. It was presented in part at the 2009 IEEE Radar Conference [1]. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 2218 EP 2229 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.130361 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AX2RF UT WOS:000346791100047 ER PT J AU Blunt, SD Jakabosky, J Cook, M Stiles, J Seguin, S Mokole, EL AF Blunt, Shannon D. Jakabosky, John Cook, Matthew Stiles, James Seguin, Sarah Mokole, E. L. TI Polyphase-Coded FM (PCFM) Radar Waveforms, Part II: Optimization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID PULSE-COMPRESSION SIGNALS; DESIGN; MODULATION AB This paper addresses polyphase code optimization with respect to the nonlinear frequency modulation waveform generated by the continuous phase modulation implementation. A greedy search leveraging the complementary metrics of peak sidelobe level, integrated sidelobe level, and spectral content yield extremely low range sidelobes relative to waveform time-bandwidth product. Transmitter distortion is also incorporated into the optimization via modeling and actual hardware. Thus the physical radar emission can be designed to address spectrum management and enable the physical realization of advanced waveform-diverse schemes. C1 [Blunt, Shannon D.; Jakabosky, John; Cook, Matthew; Stiles, James; Seguin, Sarah] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Mokole, E. L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), Univ Kansas, 1520 W 15th St,Eaton Hall,Rm 3034, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM sdblunt@eecs.ku.edu FU Kansas Department of Commerce; Radar Division of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, through the Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the Centers of Excellence program of the Kansas Department of Commerce, by the Radar Division of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, through the Office of Naval Research base funding program, and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. It was presented in part at the 2011 and 2012 IEEE Radar Conferences [1, 2]. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 2230 EP 2241 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.130362 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AX2RF UT WOS:000346791100048 ER PT J AU Severson, TA Paley, DA AF Severson, Tracie A. Paley, Derek A. TI Optimal Sensor Coordination for Multitarget Search and Track Assignment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; RADAR AB This correspondence presents an approach to optimizing the search and track performance of multiple shipboard radars that maximizes their collective search area and concurrently solves for the optimal radar-to-target assignment. Balancing the collective resource utilization among all coordinated sensors increases the surveillance area and number of tracked targets. C1 [Severson, Tracie A.] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Paley, Derek A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Paley, Derek A.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Severson, TA (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM severson@usna.edu; carmine.clemente@strath.ac.uk NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 2312 EP 2319 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.120747 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AX2RF UT WOS:000346791100055 ER PT J AU Decker, RJ Kolsch, M Yakimenko, OA AF Decker, Ryan J. Koelsch, Mathias Yakimenko, Oleg A. TI A Computer Vision Approach to Automatically Measure the Initial Spin-Rate of Artillery Projectiles Painted With Stripes SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE ballistics; artillery; image processing AB High-speed video has been used by ballistics engineers as a cost-effective technique to measure the spin-rates of both spin-stabilized and fin-stabilized artillery projectiles. Often at test ranges, state-of-the-art video systems are used to verify critical launch events following muzzle exit. From manual analysis of these videos, important performance metrics such as velocity, pitch angle, and spin-rate can be estimated. To do this, operators step through the video frames and record the time at which certain fiducial markings or numbered stripes are observed on the projectile as it rotates. The different methods evaluated in this paper are automated processes for calculating the muzzle-exit spin-rate from launch videos of spin-stabilized artillery projectiles painted with stripes. Image processing and computer vision techniques are employed to segment the shape of the projectile and extract the stripe pattern in each video frame. The most accurate algorithm estimates are validated to within 0.02 % for both laboratory and computer-simulated flight video and within 0.13 % for manual analysis of real flight video. The sensitivities of the methods to image resolution, video frame-rate, and the length of flight captured are evaluated. Areas of continued research and recommendations for increasing the accuracy of measurements in future tests are also identified. C1 [Decker, Ryan J.] Picatinny Arsenal, RDAR MEF E, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [Koelsch, Mathias; Yakimenko, Oleg A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Decker, RJ (reprint author), Picatinny Arsenal, RDAR MEF E, 94 Ramsey Ave, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 EI 1945-7553 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 42 IS 4 BP 828 EP 841 DI 10.1520/JTE20130136 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA AU7BU UT WOS:000345756300017 ER PT J AU Lade, PV Rodriguez, NM AF Lade, Poul V. Rodriguez, Nina M. TI Comparison of True Triaxial and Hollow Cylinder Tests on Cross-Anisotropic Sand Specimens SO GEOTECHNICAL TESTING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cross-anisotropy; failure mode; hollow cylinder test; sand; true triaxial test; shear strength ID EXTENSION TESTS; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; STRESS ROTATION; BEHAVIOR AB Experiments have been performed in true triaxial equipment and in hollow cylinder equipment on dense Fine Nevada sand to study and compare the influence of the intermediate principal stress on the behavior observed in the two types of apparatuses. By suitable application of outside and inside pressures in hollow cylinder tests performed on cross-anisotropic sand deposits with horizontal bedding planes (without application of shear stresses), generated stress states are comparable with those applied in true triaxial tests on oriented specimens in Sector I and III of the octahedral plane. Stress non-uniformities occur in the hollow cylinder specimens and they may affect the results of these tests. The experiments showed good comparison in Sector I, but those in Sector III were not comparable because the hollow cylinder tests showed effects of buckling instability, failure in the sigma(2)-direction, and effects of stiff versus flexible boundaries through which the pressures were applied. C1 [Lade, Poul V.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Civil Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Rodriguez, Nina M.] Naval Sea Syst Command, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20376 USA. RP Lade, PV (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Civil Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM Lade@cua.edu; nina.m.rodriguez@navy.mil FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0757827] FX The research presented here was performed with support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-0757827. Grateful appreciation is expressed for this support. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0149-6115 EI 1945-7545 J9 GEOTECH TEST J JI Geotech. Test. J. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 37 IS 4 DI 10.1520/GTJ20130155 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA AS3IR UT WOS:000344171300009 ER PT J AU Liu, ZQ Yoo, K Yang, TC Cho, SE Song, HC Ensberg, DE AF Liu, Zhiqiang Yoo, Kwang Yang, T. C. Cho, Steve E. Song, H. C. Ensberg, David E. TI Long-Range Double-Differentially Coded Spread-Spectrum Acoustic Communications With a Towed Array SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE Direct sequence spread spectrum; double-differential coding; long-range acoustic communications (LRAC); towed line array; underwater acoustic communications ID DEEP-WATER; EQUALIZATION AB This paper presents a novel double-differentially coded spread-spectrum (DD-SS) system design for long-range acoustic communications (LRAC) between a moving source and a towed horizontal line array (HLA). The proposed design relies on two techniques that have been historically developed for radio-frequency terrestrial wireless communications, namely, direct sequence spread spectrum and double-differential coding. In DD-SS, direct sequence spread spectrum is employed to: 1) increase the signal-to-noise ratio; 2) suppress multipath interference; and 3) support data multiplexing, while double-differential coding makes reliable symbol recovery possible without explicit phase and Doppler tracking/correction. Thanks to the two techniques together with traditional beamforming, the DD-SS system is shown capable of effectively dealing with many challenging issues posed by LRAC with a towed HLA, without using complicated receiver processing. During the 2010 Long-Range Acoustic Communication Experiment (LRAC10) in deep waters, the DD-SS system was tested by using a moving source at a speed of 2-3 kn at 75-m depth and a 64-element HLA towed at 3.5 kn at a depth of 200 m. Excellent uncoded error performance (less than 4% bit error rate) is demonstrated at a data rate of 6.4 b/s for a bandwidth of 200 Hz and at a range of 550 km. C1 [Liu, Zhiqiang; Yoo, Kwang; Yang, T. C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cho, Steve E.; Song, H. C.; Ensberg, David E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Liu, ZQ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Zhiqiang.liu@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 EI 1558-1691 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 39 IS 3 BP 482 EP 490 DI 10.1109/JOE.2013.2264994 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AR9OA UT WOS:000343903200008 ER PT J AU Smith, TC LeardMann, CA Smith, B Jacobson, IG Miller, SC Wells, TS Boyko, EJ Ryan, MAK AF Smith, Tyler C. LeardMann, Cynthia A. Smith, Besa Jacobson, Isabel G. Miller, Shannon C. Wells, Timothy S. Boyko, Edward J. Ryan, Margaret A. K. TI Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Disorders, Smoking, and Hazardous Drinking Among a Population-Based Cohort of US Service Members SO JOURNAL OF ADDICTION MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; cohort studies; mental disorders; military personnel; smoking ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MILLENNIUM COHORT; MILITARY SERVICE; COMBAT DEPLOYMENT; HEALTH PROBLEMS; ALCOHOL-USE; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; PRIMARY-CARE; FOLLOW-UP; PRIME-MD AB Objectives: Combat exposure is known to increase the risk for mental disorders; however, less is known about the temporal relationship between mental disorders and alcohol misuse or smoking. To better understand these interrelationships, this study investigated mental disorders in association with hazardous drinking and cigarette smoking. Methods: Using data from a large population-based military cohort, standardized instruments were used to screen for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, panic, and other anxiety syndromes. Self-reported use of cigarettes and hazardous drinking was also assessed. Subjects were classified as having "new-onset," "persistent," or " resolved" mental disorders and health risk behaviors on the basis of screening results from baseline to follow-up (n = 50,028). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate temporal patterns between the development of mental disorders and the uptake of smoking or hazardous drinking. Results: The strongest associations of new-onset mental disorders were among those who newly reported smoking or hazardous drinking (odds ratio [OR], 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-2.59 and OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 2.15-2.89, respectively), even after adjustment for combat deployment experience. In addition, persistent smokers and hazardous drinkers had elevated odds for developing a mental disorder at follow-up. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a positive association between the onset of mental disorders with the uptake of smoking and hazardous drinking and the likelihood that multiple temporal sequence patterns exist to explain the relationship between mental disorders and hazardous drinking and smoking. Clinical approaches to mitigate deployment-related mental disorders should include alcohol and tobacco-related assessments and interventions. C1 [Smith, Tyler C.; LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Besa; Jacobson, Isabel G.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Smith, Tyler C.] Natl Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Sch Hlth & Human Serv, San Diego, CA USA. [Smith, Besa] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] Univ Cincinnati, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] Univ Cincinnati, Addict Sci Div, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] US Air Force Res Lab, Appl Neurosci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hosp Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP LeardMann, CA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM cynthia.leardmann@med.navy.mil NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1932-0620 EI 1935-3227 J9 J ADDICT MED JI J. Addict. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000050 PG 11 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA AQ7EU UT WOS:000342976200008 PM 24950137 ER PT J AU Smith, CR Poindexter, JR Meegan, JM Bobulescu, IA Jensen, ED Venn-Watson, S Sakhaee, K AF Smith, Cynthia R. Poindexter, John R. Meegan, Jennifer M. Bobulescu, Ion Alexandru Jensen, Eric D. Venn-Watson, Stephanie Sakhaee, Khashayar TI Pathophysiological and Physicochemical Basis of Ammonium Urate Stone Formation in Dolphins SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; nephrolithiasis; uric acid; risk; bottle-nosed dolphin ID ANIMAL PROTEIN; ACID URATE; CALCIUM-METABOLISM; URINARY CALCIUM; LAXATIVE ABUSE; KIDNEY-STONES; RISK-FACTORS; AMINO-ACIDS; URIC-ACID; EXCRETION AB Purpose: Nephrolithiasis is increasingly reported in bottle-nosed dolphins. All cases to date have been ammonium urate nephrolithiasis. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was performed in dolphins with and without evidence of nephrolithiasis to identify biomarkers and risk factors associated with stone formation in a managed population. Dolphins were sampled in fasting and postprandial states to study the effect of dietary factors on serum and urinary biochemistry. Urine was continuously collected for 6 hours via catheter and divided into 3, 2-hour collections with a bolus fish meal given after completing the first collection. Blood was sampled at the beginning of the fasting period and the end of the postprandial period. Results: There were no significant differences in serum and urine chemistry or acid-base profiles between dolphins with vs without stones at baseline or postprandially. This suggests that cases and controls represent a continuum of stone risk. On analysis combining cases and controls in a single cohort we noted significant postprandial increases in urinary uric acid, sulfate and net acid excretion accompanied by increased urinary ammonium excretion and a commensurate increase in urine pH. The supersaturation index of ammonium urate increased more than twofold postprandially. Conclusions: These findings suggest that dolphins are susceptible to ammonium urate nephrolithiasis at least in part because a high dietary load of acid and purines results in a transient but marked increase in the urinary supersaturation of the sparingly soluble ammonium urate salt. C1 [Smith, Cynthia R.; Meegan, Jennifer M.; Venn-Watson, Stephanie] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA USA. [Jensen, Eric D.] US Navy Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA USA. [Jensen, Eric D.] Naval Warfare Syst Ctr Pacific, San Diego, CA USA. [Poindexter, John R.; Bobulescu, Ion Alexandru; Sakhaee, Khashayar] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Internal Med, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Poindexter, John R.; Bobulescu, Ion Alexandru; Sakhaee, Khashayar] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Charles & Jane Pak Res Ctr Mineral Metab & Clin R, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Sakhaee, K (reprint author), Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Charles & Jane Pak Res Ctr Mineral Metab & Clin R, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM khashayar.sakhaee@utsouthwestern.edu FU Office of Naval Research Award [N000141110203]; Navy Marine Mammal Program; National Institutes of Health [R01-DK081423, K01-DK090282] FX Supported by the Office of Naval Research Award N000141110203, Navy Marine Mammal Program, and National Institutes of Health Grants R01-DK081423 and K01-DK090282 (KS and IAB). NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 EI 1527-3792 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 192 IS 1 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2014.01.008 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA AP4XG UT WOS:000342082600096 PM 24518786 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Fischer, J Aalto, S Falstad, N AF Gonzalez-Alfonso, E. Fischer, J. Aalto, S. Falstad, N. TI Modeling the H2O submillimeter emission in extragalactic sources SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE line: formation; galaxies: ISM; infrared: galaxies; submillimeter: galaxies ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SEYFERT 2 GALAXY; STAR-FORMATION; WATER-VAPOR; HERSCHEL-SPIRE; MOLECULAR GAS; MARKARIAN 231; NGC 1068; APM 08279+5255 AB Recent observational studies have shown that H2O emission at (rest) submillimeter wavelengths is ubiquitous in infrared galaxies. both in the local and in the early Universe, suggestive of far-infrared pumping of H2O by dust in warm regions. In this work, models are presented that show that (i) the highest lying H2O lines (E-upper > 400 K) are formed in very warm (T-dust greater than or similar to 90 K) regions and require high H2O columns (N-H2O greater than or similar to 3 x 10(17) cm(-2)). while lower lying lines can be efficiently excited with T-dust similar to 45-75 K and N-H2O similar to (0.5-2) x 10(17) cm(-2); (ii) significant collisional excitation of the lowest lying (E-upper < 200 K) levels, which enhances the overall L-H2O-L-IR ratios, is identified in sources where the ground state para-H2O 1(11)-0(00) line is detected in emission, (iii) the H2O-to-infrared (8-1000 mu m) luminosity ratio is expected to decrease with increasing Td st for all lines with E-upper less than or similar to 300 K, as has recently been reported in a sample of L1RGs. but increases with T-dust for the highest lying H2O lines (E-upper > 400 K); (iv) we find theoretical upper limits for L-H2O/L-IR in warm environments, owing to H2O line saturation; (v) individual models are presented for two very different prototypical galaxies, the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 and the nearest ultraluminous infrared galaxy Arp 220, showing that the excited submillimeter H2O emission is dominated by far infrared pumping in both cases, (vi) the L-H2O-L-IR correlation previously reported in observational studies indicates depletion or exhaustion time scales, t(dep) = Sigma(gas)/Sigma(SFR) of less than or similar to 12 Myr for star-forming sources where lines up to E-upper = 300 K are detected, in agreement with the values previously found for (U)LIRGs from HCN millimeter emission. We conclude that the submillimeter H2O line emission other than the para-H2O 1(11)-0(00) transition is pumped primarily by far -infrared radiation, though some cohisional pumping may contribute to the low-lying para-H2O 2(02)-1(11) line and that coffisional pumping of the para-1(11) m and ortho-2(12) levels enhances the radiative pumping of the hither lying levels. C1 [Gonzalez-Alfonso, E.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis & Matemat, Madrid 28871, Spain. [Fischer, J.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aalto, S.; Falstad, N.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. RP Gonzalez-Alfonso, E (reprint author), Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis & Matemat, Campus Univ, Madrid 28871, Spain. EM eduardo.gonzalez@uah.es FU Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [AYA2010-21697-C05-0, FIS2012-39162-C06-01]; US ONR; NHSC FX We are very grateful to Chentao Yang for useful discussions on the data reported in Y13. E.G.-A. is a Research Associate at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for support under projects AYA2010-21697-C05-0 and FIS2012-39162-C06-01. Basic research in IR astronomy at NRL is funded by the US ONR; J.F. also acknowledges support from the NHSC. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System (ADS) and of GILDAS software (http://www.iram.fr/TRAMER/GILDAS). NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 567 AR A91 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201423980 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AO2VU UT WOS:000341185300141 ER PT J AU Trone, DW Cipriani, DJ Raman, R Wingard, DL Shaffer, RA MaCera, CA AF Trone, Daniel W. Cipriani, Daniel J. Raman, Rema Wingard, Debra L. Shaffer, Richard A. MaCera, Carol A. TI Self-Reported Smoking and Musculoskeletal Overuse Injury Among Male and Female US Marine Corps Recruits SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXERCISE-RELATED INJURIES; RISK-FACTORS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; STRESS-FRACTURES; YOUNG MEN; REDUCTION EFFECTIVENESS; INFANTRY SOLDIERS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ARMY TRAINEES; PLANTAR SHAPE AB The association between self-reported smoking and overuse injury in a cohort of young men (n=900) and women (n=597) undergoing 12 weeks of standardized military instruction, after adjustment for physical activity, health history, and incoming fitness tests was examined. The outcome includes all International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes related to injuries resulting from cumulative microtrauma (overuse injuries). The short survey asked about the subject's demographics, smoking habits, prior injuries sustained, physical activity level, self-perceived fitness, and (for women) menstrual history. From the survey, 4 questions established smoking behavior: smoked at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime, age smoked a whole cigarette for the first time, how many cigarettes smoked during the last 30 days, and how many cigarettes smoked per day during the last 30 days. None of the adjusted hazard ratios for the smoking questions were associated with an increased risk of overuse injury for either sex. Furthermore, this study did not find a significant association with respect to smoking and all injuries in either men or women. In conclusion, smoking does not appear to be an independent risk factor for overuse injury in either young men or women during 12 weeks of standardized military instruction. C1 [Trone, Daniel W.; Shaffer, Richard A.; MaCera, Carol A.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Trone, Daniel W.; Wingard, Debra L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Epidemiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Trone, Daniel W.; MaCera, Carol A.] San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Cipriani, Daniel J.] Chapman Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Orange, CA 92866 USA. [Raman, Rema] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Biostat & Bioinformat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Trone, DW (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 179 IS 7 BP 735 EP 743 DI 10.7205/MTLMED-D-13-00516 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UN UT WOS:000340806600009 PM 25003858 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Hilton, SM Campbell, JS Beckerley, SE Shobe, KK Drummond, SPA AF Taylor, Marcus K. Hilton, Susan M. Campbell, Justin S. Beckerley, Shiloh E. Shobe, Katharine K. Drummond, Sean P. A. CA Behav Hlth Needs Assessment Team TI Prevalence and Mental Health Correlates of Sleep Disruption Among Military Members Serving in a Combat Zone SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; IRAQ; INSOMNIA; AFGHANISTAN; DEPLOYMENT; VETERANS; DISTURBANCE; DEPRESSION; SYMPTOMS AB Sleep disruption is an emergent military health issue, but remarkably little is known of its prevalence or comorbidities in the combat zone. This study was designed to quantify the prevalence and mental health correlates of sleep disruption among military personnel serving within a ground combat zone during Operation Enduring Freedom. This was a large, cross-sectional survey of active duty and reserve U.S. Navy personnel (N = 3,175). Self-reported sleep measures included total hours of sleep per day, total hours of sleep required to feel well-rested, difficulty falling asleep, and difficulty staying asleep. The survey also measured mental health symptoms, including post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, and depression. Participants reported an average of 5.9 hours of sleep per day despite requiring on average 6.8 hours to feel well rested. More than half (56%) were classified as sleep deficient, and 67% reported 6 or fewer hours of sleep per day. Adjusted for covariates, individuals endorsing sleep disruption were at substantially elevated risk of meeting criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder. This study documents the prevalence of sleep disruption in a very large and difficult-to-access sample of military members serving in a combat zone, and details robust associations with mental health. C1 [Taylor, Marcus K.; Beckerley, Shiloh E.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Taylor, Marcus K.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hilton, Susan M.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Campbell, Justin S.] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Shobe, Katharine K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Drummond, Sean P. A.] Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, La Jolla, CA 92161 USA. [Drummond, Sean P. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Warfighter Performance Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Wounded, Ill and Injured Program [60813] FX This study was supported by a grant from the U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Wounded, Ill and Injured Program under work unit number 60813. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 179 IS 7 BP 744 EP 751 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00551 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UN UT WOS:000340806600010 PM 25003859 ER PT J AU Thomas, AG Grillo, MP Djibo, DA Hale, B Shaffer, RA AF Thomas, Anne Goldzier Grillo, Michael P. Djibo, Djeneba Audrey Hale, Braden Shaffer, Richard A. TI Military HIV Policy Assessment in Sub-Saharan Africa SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB While HIV/AIDS continues to inflict a heavy toll on African militaries, the military commitment and leadership response has been inconsistent, as reflected by variable presence of a written my policy. The Department of Defense HIV/AIDS Prevention Program collaborates with most sub-Saharan military HIV/AIDS programs. In 2010, 28 invited countries (80%) completed a self-administered survey describing their program, including policy. Descriptive and nonparametric measures were calculated. The majority (57%) of respondents reported having a written military HIV policy. Of these, 86% included HIV testing, 88% required recruit testing, and 96% denied entry for those testing HIV-positive. Mandatory HIV testing was reported by 71%, occurring before deployments, peacekeeping missions, foreign training, and when clinically indicated. Southern African militaries were most likely to require HIV testing. The majority of militaries allowed deployment of HIV-positive personnel in-country, whereas few allowed foreign deployment. Most sub-Saharan militaries screen applicants for HIV and other diseases to determine duty fitness, resulting in near universal HIV negative recruit cohorts. No militaries discharge personnel from service if they acquire HIV. Legal challenges to military HIV policies may hinder finalization and dissemination of policies. Lack of HIV policies impedes routine testing and earlier care and treatment for HIV-infected personnel. C1 [Thomas, Anne Goldzier; Grillo, Michael P.; Djibo, Djeneba Audrey; Hale, Braden; Shaffer, Richard A.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, HIV AIDS Prevent Program, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Thomas, AG (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, HIV AIDS Prevent Program, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. FU President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Department of Defense; PEPFAR; Defense Health Program funds FX The authors wish to thank the DHAPP Program Managers and partner military leadership and HIV Program Coordinators for their support in data collection for the survey. We also wish to thank Melissa Myers, Margo Sloan, and other DHAPP staff for their support to the study. This research was supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Department of Defense with PEPFAR and Defense Health Program funds. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 179 IS 7 BP 773 EP 777 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00495 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UN UT WOS:000340806600018 PM 25003863 ER PT J AU Linthicum, KJ Anyamba, A Killenbeck, B Lee, WJ Lee, HCS Klein, TA Kim, HC Pavlin, JA Britch, SC Small, J Tucker, CJ Gaydos, JC AF Linthicum, Kenneth J. Anyamba, Assaf Killenbeck, Bradley Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Hee Choon S. Klein, Terry A. Kim, Heung-Chul Pavlin, Julie A. Britch, Seth C. Small, Jennifer Tucker, Compton J. Gaydos, Joel C. TI Association of Temperature and Historical Dynamics of Malaria in the Republic of Korea, Including Reemergence in 1993 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EAST-AFRICAN HIGHLANDS; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX MALARIA; ANOPHELES HYRCANUS GROUP; MOSQUITO SPECIES COMPOSITION; SOUTH-KOREA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEMILITARIZED ZONE; VECTORIAL CAPACITY; INFECTION-RATES; LARVAL HABITATS AB Plasmodium vivax malaria reemerged in the Republic of Korea in 1993 after it had been declared malaria free in 1979. Malaria rapidly increased and peaked in 2000 with 4,142 cases with lower but variable numbers of cases reported through 2011. We examined the association of regional climate trends over the Korean Peninsula relative to malaria cases in U.S. military and Republic of Korea soldiers, veterans, and civilians from 1950 to 2011. Temperatures and anomaly trends in air temperature associated with satellite remotely sensed outgoing long-wave radiation were used to observe temporal changes. These changes, particularly increasing air temperatures, in combination with moderate rains throughout the malaria season, and distribution of malaria vectors, likely supported the 1993 reemergence and peaks in malaria incidence that occurred through 2011 by accelerating the rate of parasite development in mosquitoes and increased numbers as a result of an expansion of larval habitat, thereby increasing the vectorial capacity of Anopheles vectors. High malaria rates associated with a favorable climate were similarly observed during the Korean War. These findings support the need for increased investigations into malaria predictive models using climate-related variables. C1 [Linthicum, Kenneth J.; Britch, Seth C.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Anyamba, Assaf; Small, Jennifer; Tucker, Compton J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Killenbeck, Bradley] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Lee, Won-Ja] Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Hlth, Div Malaria & Parasit Dis, Osong 363951, Chungcheongbuk, South Korea. [Lee, Hee Choon S.; Klein, Terry A.] Camp Zama, Publ Hlth Command Reg Pacific, Sagamihara 962055281, Kanagawa, Japan. [Kim, Heung-Chul] 5th Med Detachment, APO, AP 96205 USA. [Pavlin, Julie A.; Gaydos, Joel C.] Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. RP Linthicum, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FU Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; USDA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. DoD; Department of Defense (DoD) Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center's Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Silver Spring, MD; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL FX This study was the result of collaboration and support between the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the USDA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the U.S. DoD. This work was supported in part by funding from the Department of Defense (DoD) Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center's Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Silver Spring, MD, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 179 IS 7 BP 806 EP 814 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00545 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UN UT WOS:000340806600028 PM 25003869 ER PT J AU Harvey, BG Sahagun, CM Guenthner, AJ Groshens, TJ Cambrea, LR Reams, JT Mabry, JM AF Harvey, Benjamin G. Sahagun, Christopher M. Guenthner, Andrew J. Groshens, Thomas J. Cambrea, Lee R. Reams, Josiah T. Mabry, Joseph M. TI A High-Performance Renewable Thermosetting Resin Derived from Eugenol SO CHEMSUSCHEM LA English DT Article DE biomass; coupling reaction; materials science; polymers; renewable resources ID OLEFIN CROSS-METATHESIS; BISPHENOL-A; POLYMERS; ESTER AB A renewable bisphenol, 4,4'-(butane-1,4-diyl)bis(2-methoxyphenol), was synthesized on a preparative scale by a solvent-free, Ru-catalyzed olefin metathesis coupling reaction of eugenol followed by hydrogenation. After purification, the bisphenol was converted to a new bis(cyanate) ester by standard techniques. The bisphenol and cyanate ester were characterized rigorously by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. After complete cure, the cyanate ester exhibited thermal stability in excess of 350 degrees C and a glass transition temperature (T-g) of 186 degrees C . As a result of the four-carbon chain between the aromatic rings, the thermoset displayed a water uptake of only 1.8% after a four day immersion in 85 degrees C water. The wet T-g of the material (167 degrees C) was only 19 degrees C lower than the dry T-g, and the material showed no significant degradation as a result of the water treatment. These results suggest that this resin is well suited for maritime environments and provide further evidence that full-performance resins can be generated from sustainable feedstocks. C1 [Harvey, Benjamin G.; Groshens, Thomas J.; Cambrea, Lee R.] US Navy, Res Dept, Mat Chem Branch, Naval Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Sahagun, Christopher M.] Air Force Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Mabry, Joseph M.] Air Force Res Lab, Rocket Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Reams, Josiah T.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Harvey, BG (reprint author), US Navy, Res Dept, Mat Chem Branch, Naval Air Warfare Ctr,Weap Div NAWCWD, 1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM benjamin.g.harvey@navy.mil FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [WP-2214]; Office of Naval Research In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program FX Funding from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP-Project WP-2214) and from the Office of Naval Research In-House Laboratory Independent Research Program is gratefully acknowledged. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1864-5631 EI 1864-564X J9 CHEMSUSCHEM JI ChemSusChem PD JUL PY 2014 VL 7 IS 7 BP 1964 EP 1969 DI 10.1002/cssc.201400019 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN1RO UT WOS:000340361500021 PM 24782220 ER PT J AU Felton, CS Subrahmanyam, B Murty, VSN Shriver, JF AF Felton, Clifford S. Subrahmanyam, Bulusu Murty, V. S. N. Shriver, Jay F. TI Estimation of the barrier layer thickness in the Indian Ocean using Aquarius Salinity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN ARABIAN SEA; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; MIXED-LAYER; HEAT-BUDGET; BENGAL; BAY; MONSOON; CIRCULATION; MODEL; DIPOLE AB Monthly barrier layer thickness (BLT) estimates are derived from satellite measurements using a multilinear regression model (MRM) within the Indian Ocean. Sea surface salinity (SSS) from the recently launched Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Aquarius SAC-D salinity missions are utilized to estimate the BLT. The MRM relates BLT to sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface temperature (SST), and sea surface height anomalies (SSHA). Three regions where the BLT variability is most rigorous are selected to evaluate the performance of the MRM for 2012; the Southeast Arabian Sea (SEAS), Bay of Bengal (BoB), and Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO). The MRM derived BLT estimates are compared to gridded Argo and Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) BLTs. It is shown that different mechanisms are important for sustaining the BLT variability in each of the selected regions. Sensitivity tests show that SSS is the primary driver of the BLT within the MRM. Results suggest that salinity measurements obtained from Aquarius and SMOS can be useful for tracking and predicting the BLT in the Indian Ocean. Largest MRM errors occur along coastlines and near islands where land contamination skews the satellite SSS retrievals. The BLT evolution during 2012, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the current model are discussed. BLT estimations using HYCOM simulations display large errors that are related to model layer structure and the selected BLT methodology. C1 [Felton, Clifford S.; Subrahmanyam, Bulusu] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Subrahmanyam, Bulusu] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Murty, V. S. N.] CSIR, Natl Inst Oceanog, Reg Ctr, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Shriver, Jay F.] Naval Res Lab, Oceanog Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Subrahmanyam, B (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM sbulusu@geol.sc.edu FU NASA Physical Oceanography Award [NNX13AM60G] FX Aquarius version 2.0 data were provided by NASA/JPL PO. DAAC. The HYCOM model simulations were obtained from the Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. This work is supported by the NASA Physical Oceanography Award NNX13AM60G awarded to BS. The SMOS Level 3 data were obtained from the Ocean Salinity Expertise Center (CECOS) of the CNES-IFREMER Centre Aval de Traitemenent des Donnees SMOS (CATDS), at IFREMER, France. The authors would like to thank both the ESA and SMOS teams for providing Level 3 Ocean Salinity data and support. Monthly gridded Argo temperature and salinity profiles were obtained from the Asia Pacific Data-Research Center (APDRC). One of the authors, VSNM, is thankful to the Director, CSIR-NIO for his keen interest in the joint-collaborative research with BS at the University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA. The authors would also like to thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers whose comments significantly improved the quality of this manuscript. This manuscript has the NIO contribution number 5607. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 4200 EP 4213 DI 10.1002/2013JC009759 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2LA UT WOS:000340415500010 ER PT J AU Ko, DS Chao, SY Wu, CC Lin, II AF Ko, Dong Shan Chao, Shenn-Yu Wu, Chun-Chieh Lin, I-I TI Impacts of Typhoon Megi (2010) on the South China Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; KALMAN FILTER ENKF; OCEAN INTERACTION; KAI-TAK; PART I; ASSIMILATION; HURRICANE; TAIWAN; SYSTEM; MODEL AB In October 2010, typhoon Megi induced a profound cold wake of size 800 km by 500 km with sea surface temperature cooling of 8 degrees C in the South China Sea (SCS). More interestingly, the cold wake shifted from the often rightward bias to both sides of the typhoon track and moved to left in a few days. Using satellite data, in situ measurements and numerical modeling based on the East Asian Seas Nowcast/Forecast System (EASNFS), we performed detailed investigations. To obtain realistic typhoon-strength atmospheric forcing, the EASNFS applied typhoon-resolving Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model wind field blended with global weather forecast winds from the U.S. Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). In addition to the already known impacts from the slow typhoon translation speed and shallow pre-exiting ocean thermocline, we found the importance of the unique geographical setting of the SCS and the NE monsoon. As the event happened in late October, NE monsoon already started and contributed to the southwestward ambient surface current. Together with the top-ographic beta effect, the cold wake shifted westward to the left of Megi's track. It was also found that Megi expelled waters away from the SCS and manifested as a gush of internal Kelvin wave exporting waters through the Luzon Strait. The consequential sea level depression lasted and presented a favorable condition for cold dome development. Fission of the north-south elongated cold dome resulted afterward and produced two cold eddies that dissipated slowly thereafter. C1 [Ko, Dong Shan] Naval Res Lab, Oceanog Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Chao, Shenn-Yu] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA. [Wu, Chun-Chieh; Lin, I-I] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Ko, DS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Oceanog Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM dong.ko@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Lin, I-I/J-4695-2013; OI Lin, I-I/0000-0002-8364-8106; Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-08WX-2-1170, N00014-09-1-0623]; Taiwan's National Science Council (NSC) [NSC97-2111-M-002-397 016-MY3]; ONR [N00014-10-1-0725]; NSC [NSC101-2111-M-002/-001-MY2, NSC101-2628-M-002/-001-MY4, 102R7803]; ORN FX D.S.K. and S.-Y.C. were supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR) grants N00014-08WX-2-1170 and N00014-09-1-0623, respectively. C.-C. W. was supported by Taiwan's National Science Council (NSC) grant NSC97-2111-M-002-397 016-MY3 and ONR grant N00014-10-1-0725. I-I Lin was supported by NSC grants NSC101-2111-M-002/-001-MY2 and NSC101-2628-M-002/-001-MY4; 102R7803 and ORN travel grant. Thanks to Iam-Fei Pun for the ORI XBT data. We also like to acknowledge the late David T. Y. Tang who was the leader of the ITOP Taiwan term and led the OR1 cruise to the SCS. Helpful comments from Jim Price and anonymous reviewers are appreciated. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 4474 EP 4489 DI 10.1002/2013JC009785 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2LA UT WOS:000340415500028 ER PT J AU DuBois, AM Thomas, E Amatucci, WE Ganguli, G AF DuBois, Ami M. Thomas, Edward, Jr. Amatucci, William E. Ganguli, Gurudas TI Experimental characterization of broadband electrostatic noise due to plasma compression SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHEET BOUNDARY-LAYER; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; SHEAR-DRIVEN INSTABILITIES; LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS; TRANSVERSE VELOCITY SHEAR; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; ROTATING PLASMA; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SOLITARY WAVES; LOBE BOUNDARY AB For a wide variety of laboratory and space plasma environments, theoretical predictions state that plasmas are unstable to inhomogeneous flows over a very broad frequency range. Such sheared flows are generated in the Earth's magnetosphere and intensify during active periods. Specifically, for a velocity shear oriented perpendicular to a uniform background magnetic field, the shear scale length (L-E) compared to the ion gyroradius (rho(i)) determines the character of the shear-driven instability that may prevail. An interpenetrating plasma configuration is used to create a transverse velocity shear profile in a magnetized plasma column, a condition similar to that found in the natural boundary layers. The continuous variation of rho(i)/L-E and the associated transition of the instability regimes driven by the shear flow mechanism are demonstrated in a single laboratory experiment. Broadband wave emission correlated to increasing/decreasing stress (i.e., rho(i)/L-E), a characteristic signature of a boundary layer crossing, is found under controlled and repeatable conditions. This result holds out the promise for understanding the cause and effect of the in situ observation of broadband electrostatic noise. C1 [DuBois, Ami M.; Thomas, Edward, Jr.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Amatucci, William E.; Ganguli, Gurudas] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. RP DuBois, AM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM adubois2@wisc.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0019]; Department of Energy-Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-00ER54476]; NRL base funds FX This work is supported by grants from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA1-10-1-0019) and the Department of Energy-Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (DE-FG02-00ER54476). Work at NRL was supported by the NRL base funds. To request access to the data used for this paper, contact Ami DuBois (amd0012@auburn.edu). NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 5624 EP 5637 DI 10.1002/2014JA020198 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AN4HT UT WOS:000340549000035 ER PT J AU Najmi, A Milikh, G Secan, J Chiang, K Psiaki, M Bernhardt, P Briczinski, S Siefring, C Chang, CL Papadopoulos, K AF Najmi, A. Milikh, G. Secan, J. Chiang, K. Psiaki, M. Bernhardt, P. Briczinski, S. Siefring, C. Chang, C. L. Papadopoulos, K. TI Generation and detection of super small striations by F region HF heating SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-ALIGNED SCATTERING; IONOSPHERE; IRREGULARITIES; BACKSCATTER; HEATER; VHF AB Recent theoretical models and preliminary observations indicate that super small striations (SSS) in the plasma density with scale size of 10 cm can be excited by F region HF heating at frequencies close to multiples of the electron gyrofrequency. We present here new experimental results using the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program ionospheric heater at a frequency close to the fourth electron gyroharmonic with simultaneous GPS, Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission, ionosonde, and occasional Incoherent Radar Scattering diagnostics. Differential phase measurements of GPS signals through the heated region indicated the presence of SSS with extremely high amplitude (delta n/n= 0.2-0.3) at scale size comparable to the electron gyroradius. The highest amplitude of GPS scintillations coincide with the highest level of the Broad Upshifted Maximum (BUM) and occurred when the HF frequency is slightly above the fourth harmonic of the electron cyclotron frequency. Frequency sweeps indicate that the scintillation amplitude exhibits hysteresis similar to that observed for the BUM amplitude when the HF frequency is cycled about the fourth harmonic of the cyclotron frequency. The results favor a four wave parametric process as the physical mechanism of the SSS. Additional experiments allowed the determination of the excitation and decay rates of the SSS. C1 [Najmi, A.; Milikh, G.; Papadopoulos, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Najmi, A.; Milikh, G.; Papadopoulos, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Secan, J.] NW Res Associates Inc, Redmond, WA USA. [Chiang, K.; Psiaki, M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bernhardt, P.; Briczinski, S.; Siefring, C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. [Chang, C. L.; Papadopoulos, K.] BAE Syst, Technol Solut, Arlington, VA USA. RP Najmi, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM anajmi1@umd.edu FU DARPA [N684228]; MURI [N00014071078, FA95501410019]; NRL 6.1 Base Program FX All raw data for this paper are available for download via FTP at http://ftp.astro.umd.edu/pub/SPP/GRL_SSS_paper_data/, and Amir C. Najmi (anajmi1@umd.edu) may be contacted directly for access to either the whole data set or subsets of interest. This work was supported by DARPA via a subcontract N684228 with BAE Systems and also by the MURI grants N00014071078(and FA95501410019. The work at the Naval Research Laboratory was supported by the NRL 6.1 Base Program. We acknowledge very useful discussions with Alex Gurevich, Mike McCarrick's expert help in conducting the HAARP experiment, and Brenton Watkins' valuable contribution of the MUIR data. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 6000 EP 6010 DI 10.1002/2014JA020038 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AN4HT UT WOS:000340549000064 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Jeschke, HO Lechermann, F Lee, H Fink, M Thomale, R Valenti, R AF Mazin, I. I. Jeschke, Harald O. Lechermann, Frank Lee, Hunpyo Fink, Mario Thomale, Ronny Valenti, Roser TI Theoretical prediction of a strongly correlated Dirac metal SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; VALENCE-BOND STATE; KAGOME ANTIFERROMAGNET; BAND-STRUCTURE; HUBBARD-MODEL; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LATTICE; FERROMAGNETISM AB Recently, the most intensely studied objects in the electronic theory of solids have been strongly correlated systems and graphene. However, the fact that the Dirac bands in graphene are made up of sp(2) electrons, which are subject to neither strong Hubbard repulsion U nor strong Hund's rule coupling J, creates certain limitations in terms of novel, interaction-induced physics that could be derived from Dirac points. Here we propose GaCu3(OH)(6)Cl-2 (Ga-substituted herbertsmithite) as a correlated Dirac-Kagome metal combining Dirac electrons, strong interactions and frustrated magnetic interactions. Using density functional theory, we calculate its crystallographic and electronic properties, and observe that it has symmetry-protected Dirac points at the Fermi level. Its many-body physics is diverse, with possible charge, magnetic and superconducting instabilities. Through a combination of various many-body methods we study possible symmetry-lowering phase transitions such as Mott-Hubbard, charge or magnetic ordering, and unconventional superconductivity, which in this compound assumes an f-wave symmetry. C1 [Mazin, I. I.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jeschke, Harald O.; Lee, Hunpyo; Valenti, Roser] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Lechermann, Frank] Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. [Fink, Mario; Thomale, Ronny] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys 1, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6393, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM igor.mazin@nrl.navy.mil RI Jeschke, Harald/C-3507-2009; Lechermann, Frank/K-4745-2013 OI Jeschke, Harald/0000-0002-8091-7024; FU ONR through the NRL basic research program; A. von Humboldt Foundation; European Research Council [ERC-StG-336012]; [DFG-FOR1346]; [DFG-SFB/TR49] FX We acknowledge useful discussions with C. Krellner, C. Platt, G. Khalliulin, A. Chubukov and C. Piefke, C.S. Hellberg, M. Taillefumier and R. Moessner. I.I.M. is supported by ONR through the NRL basic research program and in part by the A. von Humboldt Foundation. H.O.J., F.L. and R.V. are supported by DFG-FOR1346 and DFG-SFB/TR49 (H.O.J., R.V.). R.T. is supported by the European Research Council through the grant TOPOLECTRICS, ERC-StG-336012. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 5 AR 4261 DI 10.1038/ncomms5261 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN5II UT WOS:000340623700001 PM 24980208 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Hei, MA Siefring, CL Wilkens, MR AF Bernhardt, Paul A. Hei, Matthew A. Siefring, Carl L. Wilkens, Matthew R. TI Predictions of HF system performance for propagation through disturbed ionospheres measured using low-Earth-orbit satellite radio beacon tomography SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILATION; DENSITY AB The CERTO radio beacon on the C/NOFS satellite sends VHF/UHF radio signals at 150 and 400 MHz to provide measurements of integrated electron density or Total Electron Content (TEC) by an east-west chain of ground receivers in Peru. Computerized Ionospheric Tomography (CIT) is used to convert the TEC data into two-dimensional images of electron densities with maximum 5 x 5 km resolution in Longitude-Altitude space. These images are updated every 95 min as the C/NOFS satellite passes over the receiver network in its low-latitude orbit with an inclination of 12 degrees. The 2-D, high-resolution images of the ionosphere are used to predict the impact of equatorial plasma structures on HF propagation of radar and radio signals. Electron density measurements from the NRL radio tomography chain across Peru are used for simulations of the performance by HF one-way links. HF rays from transmitter to receiver are traced through the electron density images produced by radio beacon tomography. Eight separate paths are found between a transmitter and ground receiver separated by 2000 km. A total of 36 backscatter echoes are found with unique group delay, Doppler frequency shift, phase delay, and echo amplitude. This multipath effect explains the range and Doppler spreading of observations for HF monostatic radar propagation through F layer irregularities. This type of analysis is useful for prediction and interpretation of range and Doppler observations from HF systems including over-the-horizon and SuperDARN radars, HF Geolocation Arrays, and HF communications networks. C1 [Bernhardt, Paul A.; Siefring, Carl L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hei, Matthew A.; Wilkens, Matthew R.] Sotera Def, Herndon, VA USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Paul.Bernhardt@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL 6.1 Base Program FX This research was supported by the NRL 6.1 Base Program. The operations of the C/NOFS satellite are provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory. The TEC data used in this paper are available from the first author by email request address Paul. Bernhardt@nrl.navy.mil. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 49 IS 7 BP 506 EP 517 DI 10.1002/2014RS005409 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA AN2OV UT WOS:000340426100005 ER PT J AU Vahdat, V Ryan, KE Keating, PL Jiang, YJ Adiga, SP Schal, JD Turner, KT Harrison, JA Carpick, RW AF Vahdat, Vahid Ryan, Kathleen E. Keating, Pamela L. Jiang, Yijie Adiga, Shashishekar P. Schal, J. David Turner, Kevin T. Harrison, Judith A. Carpick, Robert W. TI Atomic-Scale Wear of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon during Intermittent Contact: A Combined Study Using Experiment, Simulation, and Theory SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE atomic-scale wear; AFM; tapping mode; contact mechanics; DLC; molecular dynamics; AIREBO ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; FORCE MICROSCOPY; NANOSCALE WEAR; HUMIDITY DEPENDENCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NANOPROBE TIPS; FILMS; COATINGS; ADHESION; ENVIRONMENTS AB In this study, we explore the wear behavior of amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM, an intermittent-contact AFM mode) tips coated with a common type of diamond-like carbon, amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H), when scanned against an ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) sample both experimentally and through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Finite element analysis is utilized in a unique way to create a representative geometry of the tip to be simulated in MD. To conduct consistent and quantitative experiments, we apply a protocol that involves determining the tip sample interaction geometry, calculating the tip sample force and normal contact stress over the course of the wear test, and precisely quantifying the wear volume using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging. The results reveal gradual wear of a-C:H with no sign of fracture or plastic deformation. The wear rate of a-C:H is consistent with a reaction-rate-based wear theory, which predicts an exponential dependence of the rate of atom removal on the average normal contact stress. From this, kinetic parameters governing the wear process are estimated. MD simulations of an a-C:H tip, whose radius is comparable to the tip radii used in experiments, making contact with a UNCD sample multiple times exhibit an atomic-level removal process. The atomistic wear events observed in the simulations are correlated with under-coordinated atomic species at the contacting surfaces. C1 [Vahdat, Vahid; Jiang, Yijie; Turner, Kevin T.; Carpick, Robert W.] Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ryan, Kathleen E.; Keating, Pamela L.; Harrison, Judith A.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Adiga, Shashishekar P.] Eastman Kodak Co, Kodak Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14620 USA. [Schal, J. David] Oakland Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. RP Carpick, RW (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM carpick@seas.upenn.edu RI Jiang, Yijie/A-7605-2014 OI Jiang, Yijie/0000-0002-9347-3290 FU NSF [CMMI-0826076, CMMI-0825000, CMMI-1200019, IAA 1129630, CMMI 0825981, 1200011]; STIR [IIP-0638030, IIP-0823002]; Nano/Bio Interface Center through the National Science Foundation (NSF) NSEC [DMR08-32802]; Naval Academy Research Office FX This work was supported by NSF under awards CMMI-0826076, CMMI-0825000, and CMMI-1200019 and STIR grants IIP-0638030 and IIP-0823002 and was partially supported by the Nano/Bio Interface Center through the National Science Foundation (NSF) NSEC DMR08-32802. K.E.R. and P.L.K acknowledge partial support the Naval Academy Research Office. K.E.R. and J.A.H. acknowledge partial support from the NSF under contracts IAA 1129630, CMMI 0825981, and 1200011. Use of University of Pennsylvania Nano/Bio Interface Center instrumentation is acknowledged. We thank T.D.B. Jacobs for useful and stimulating discussions. We thank K. Sridharan for providing the a-C:H-coated probes. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 7027 EP 7040 DI 10.1021/nn501896e PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AL9LR UT WOS:000339463100058 PM 24922087 ER PT J AU Guyette, A AF Guyette, Andrew TI Controlled Agility SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID FILTERS; FREQUENCY C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Guyette, A (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM acguyette@gmail.com NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 EI 1557-9581 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 32 EP 42 DI 10.1109/MMM.2014.2321100 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AM9MX UT WOS:000340206800007 ER PT J AU Peroulis, D Naglich, E Sinani, M Hickle, M AF Peroulis, Dimitrios Naglich, Eric Sinani, Michael Hickle, Mark TI Tuned to Resonance SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID MEMS TUNING ELEMENTS; RECONFIGURABLE FILTER; CAVITY RESONATORS; BANDPASS-FILTERS; DESIGN; POWER; PERFORMANCE; VARACTORS C1 [Peroulis, Dimitrios; Sinani, Michael; Hickle, Mark] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Naglich, Eric] US Naval Res Lab, Code 6851, Washington, DC USA. RP Peroulis, D (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dperouli@purdue.edu NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 EI 1557-9581 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1109/MMM.2014.2321103 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AM9MX UT WOS:000340206800009 ER PT J AU Baylis, C Fellows, M Cohen, L Marks, RJ AF Baylis, Charles Fellows, Matthew Cohen, Lawrence Marks, Robert J., II TI Solving the Spectrum Crisis SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID POWER-AMPLIFIER; DESIGN; RADAR; TRANSMITTERS; SYSTEMS; ACCESS; SIGNAL; RF C1 [Baylis, Charles; Fellows, Matthew; Marks, Robert J., II] Baylor Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wireless & Microwave Circuits & Syst Program, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Cohen, Lawrence] US Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC USA. RP Baylis, C (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wireless & Microwave Circuits & Syst Program, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM Charles_Baylis@baylor.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1343316] FX This work has been partially funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation (Award Number ECCS-1343316). We wish to thank Agilent Technologies for donating the Advanced Design System software. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 EI 1557-9581 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 15 IS 5 BP 94 EP 107 DI 10.1109/MMM.2014.2321253 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AM9MX UT WOS:000340206800012 ER PT J AU Alqadah, HF Valdivia, N Williams, EG AF Alqadah, Hatim F. Valdivia, Nicolas Williams, Earl G. TI A Super-Resolving Near-Field Electromagnetic Holographic Method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Back-propagation; compressive sensing; electromagnetic propagation; integral equations; inverse problems; near-field imaging; source localization; l(1)-regularization ID SPARSE AB In this work, we study the problem of characterizing electromagnetic radiation from given near-field electromagnetic measurements on an arbitrarily shaped surface. Due to the evanescent waves present in the near-field data the inversion procedure requires special treatment in order to recover a stable physical solution. Our proposed approach to this challenging inverse problem is to seek a sparse decomposition of the fields into elementary electric and/or magnetic dipole on an equivalent source surface. As we show in this paper the incorporation of a sparsity constraint during the inversion process yields impressive stability and accuracy. Additionally the method exhibits a remarkable ability to image and identify point like dipole sources even when spaced closer than a fraction of the wavelength from each other. The proposed inversion procedure is very simple to implement, is easily adaptable to arbitrary surfaces, and is relatively fast even with dense grids. These features make the proposed method suitable for a complete on-the-spot electromagnetic radiation analysis; a capability in which many applications rely on. Proof of concept for this work is established through simple numerical experiments, and from physical measurements taken for a slotted radiating cylinder. C1 [Alqadah, Hatim F.; Valdivia, Nicolas; Williams, Earl G.] US Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Alqadah, HF (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hatim.alqadah.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; nicolas.valdivia@nrl.navy.mil; earl.williams@nrl.navy.mil FU National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Associateship Program; Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work was jointly supported by the National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Associateship Program and the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 62 IS 7 BP 3679 EP 3692 DI 10.1109/TAP.2014.2321149 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AM8CV UT WOS:000340098600025 ER PT J AU Fujimura, AG Reniers, AJHM Paris, CB Shanks, AL MacMahan, JH Morgan, SG AF Fujimura, Atsushi G. Reniers, Ad J. H. M. Paris, Claire B. Shanks, Alan L. MacMahan, Jamie H. Morgan, Steven G. TI Numerical simulations of larval transport into a rip-channeled surf zone SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INNER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; INVERTEBRATE LARVAE; RECRUITMENT; BEHAVIOR; VARIABILITY; TURBULENCE; CONNECTIVITY; RETENTION; MIGRATION; OCEAN AB Competent larvae of intertidal invertebrates have to migrate toward shore for settlement; however, their migration through the surf zone is not understood. We investigated larval transport mechanisms at a rip-channeled beach. Because tracking larvae in the surf zone is infeasible, we used a three-dimensional biophysical model to simulate the processes. The coupled model consists of a physical module for currents and waves, and a biological module for adding larval traits and behaviors as well as Stokes drift to Lagrangian particles. Model calculations were performed with and without onshore wind forcing. Without wind, wave-driven onshore streaming occurs in the bottom boundary layer outside the surf zone. With onshore wind, onshore currents occur near the surface. In the surf zone, offshore-directed rip currents and compensating onshore-directed currents over shoals are formed in both no-wind and wind cases. In the biological module, neutral, negative, and positive buoyant particles were released offshore. Additionally, particles either sank in the presence of turbulence or not. Two scenarios achieved successful onshore migration: Negatively buoyant larvae without wind forcing sink in the turbulent bottom boundary layer and are carried onshore by streaming; positively buoyant larvae drift toward shore in wind-driven surface currents to the surf zone, then sink in the turbulent surf zone and remain near the bottom while transported shoreward. In both cases, the larval concentration is highest in the rip channel, consistent with field data. This successful result is only obtained if turbulence-dependent sinking behavior and Stokes drift are included in the transport of larvae. C1 [Fujimura, Atsushi G.; Reniers, Ad J. H. M.; Paris, Claire B.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shanks, Alan L.] Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, Charleston, OR USA. [MacMahan, Jamie H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA USA. [Morgan, Steven G.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA USA. RP Fujimura, AG (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM afujimura@rsmas.miami.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-092735]; NSF [OCE-1155698] FX This study is supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Ocean Sciences (OCE-092735) 'Collaborative Research: Does coupling between the inner shelf and surf zone regulate larval supply to intertidal populations?' C. Paris is funded by NSF (OCE-1155698). This is a contribution of the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, the Naval Postgraduate School, and the Bodega Marine Laboratory. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1434 EP 1447 DI 10.4319/lo.2014.59.4.1434 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AM6AI UT WOS:000339942400028 ER PT J AU Heang, V Hout, B Prouty, MG Supraprom, C Ford, GW Newell, SW Leski, TA Vora, GJ Taitt, CR AF Heang, Vireak Hout, Boren Prouty, Michael G. Supraprom, Chonthida Ford, Gavin W. Newell, Steven W. Leski, Tomasz A. Vora, Gary J. Taitt, Chris Rowe TI Detection of qnrVC and rmtB genes from a multidrug-resistant Ralstonia pickettii wound infection isolate in Cambodia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS LA English DT Letter C1 [Heang, Vireak; Hout, Boren; Prouty, Michael G.; Supraprom, Chonthida; Ford, Gavin W.; Newell, Steven W.] NAMRU 2, US Naval Med Res Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Leski, Tomasz A.; Vora, Gary J.; Taitt, Chris Rowe] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taitt, CR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Bldg 30 Code 6920, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chris.taitt@nrl.navy.mil RI Leski, Tomasz/K-6916-2013; OI Leski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7688-9887; Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-8579 EI 1872-7913 J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 1 BP 84 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.04.003 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AM4AG UT WOS:000339793500015 PM 24888871 ER PT J AU Sweet, CR Alpuche, GM Landis, CA Sandman, BC AF Sweet, Charles R. Alpuche, Giancarlo M. Landis, Corinne A. Sandman, Benjamin C. TI Endotoxin Structures in the Psychrophiles Psychromonas marina and Psychrobacter cryohalolentis Contain Distinctive Acyl Features SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE lipopolysaccharide; lipid A; lipid structure; mass spectrometry; psychrophile ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; UDP-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE; PSEUDOALTEROMONAS-HALOPLANKTIS TAC-125; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; SALMONELLA LIPID-A; ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; CARRIER PROTEIN AB Lipid A is the essential component of endotoxin (Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide), a potent immunostimulatory compound. As the outer surface of the outer membrane, the details of lipid A structure are crucial not only to bacterial pathogenesis but also to membrane integrity. This work characterizes the structure of lipid A in two psychrophiles, Psychromonas marina and Psychrobacter cryohalolentis, and also two mesophiles to which they are related using MALDI-TOF MS and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) GC-MS. P. marina lipid A is strikingly similar to that of Escherichia coli in organization and total acyl size, but incorporates an unusual doubly unsaturated tetradecadienoyl acyl residue. P. cryohalolentis also shows structural organization similar to a closely related mesophile, Acinetobacter baumannii, however it has generally shorter acyl constituents and shows many acyl variants differing by single methylene (-CH2-) units, a characteristic it shares with the one previously reported psychrotolerant lipid A structure. This work is the first detailed structural characterization of lipid A from an obligate psychrophile and the second from a psychrotolerant species. It reveals distinctive structural features of psychrophilic lipid A in comparison to that of related mesophiles which suggest constitutive adaptations to maintain outer membrane fluidity in cold environments. C1 [Sweet, Charles R.; Alpuche, Giancarlo M.; Landis, Corinne A.; Sandman, Benjamin C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Alpuche, Giancarlo M.] Belize Def Force, Belize City, Belize. [Landis, Corinne A.] Penn State Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Sandman, Benjamin C.] US Navy SUBASE NL, Groton, CT 06349 USA. RP Sweet, CR (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM sweet@usna.edu; gpuche84@gmail.com; clandis@hmc.psu.edu; bensandman2@gmail.com FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DoD-DTRA CBT-SARI grants); USNA Chemistry Department; Office of Naval Research support for midshipman research (ONR-MIDN); Naval Academy Research Council (NARC summer research grants) FX The authors would like to thank Egil Lien (UMass Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA) for the gift of E. coli W3110 and Jamie Schlessman (United States Naval Academy), who graciously provided P. cryohalolentis and P. marina. This research was financially supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DoD-DTRA CBT-SARI grants to CRS), the USNA Chemistry Department, the Office of Naval Research support for midshipman research (ONR-MIDN), and the Naval Academy Research Council (NARC summer research grants to CRS). The authors would also like to thank Virginia Smith, Jamie Schlessman, and Heather Prince for their critical reading of this manuscript. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD JUL PY 2014 VL 12 IS 7 BP 4126 EP 4147 DI 10.3390/md12074126 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AM6QI UT WOS:000339989300021 PM 25010385 ER PT J AU Spillmann, CM Naciri, J Algar, WR Medintz, IL Delehanty, JB AF Spillmann, Christopher M. Naciri, Jawad Algar, W. Russ Medintz, Igor L. Delehanty, James B. TI Multifunctional Liquid Crystal Nanoparticles for Intracellular Fluorescent Imaging and Drug Delivery SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanoparticle; drug delivery; doxorubicin; bioconjugation; liquid crystal; fluorescent microscopy ID FUNCTIONALIZED QUANTUM DOTS; ACIDIC SOLID TUMORS; CANCER-CELLS; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; MICELLE SYSTEM; BREAST-CANCER; DOXORUBICIN; TRANSFERRIN; ENDOCYTOSIS; TRAFFICKING AB A continuing goal of nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery (NMDD) is the simultaneous improvement of drug efficacy coupled with tracking of the intracellular fate of the nanoparticle delivery vehicle and its drug cargo. Here, we present a robust multifunctional liquid crystal NP (LCNP)-based delivery system that affords fable intracellular fate tracking coupled with the efficient delivery and modulation of the anticancer therapeutic doxorubicin (Doe), employed here as a model drug cargo. The LCNPs consist of (1) a liquid crystal cross-linking agent, (2) a homologue of the organic chromophore perylene, and (3) a polymerizable surfactant containing a carboxylate headgroup. The NP core provides an environment to both incorporate fluorescent dye for spectrally tuned particle tracking and encapsulation of amphiphilic and/or hydrophobic agents for intracellular delivery. The carboxylate head groups enable conjugation to biologicals to facilitate the cellular uptake of the particles. Upon functionalization of the NPs with transferrin, we show the ability to differentially label the recycling endocytic pathway in HEK 293T/17 cells in a time-resolved manner with minimal cytotoxicity and with superior dye photostability compared to traditional organic fluorophores. Further, when passively loaded with Doe, the NPs mediate the rapid uptake and subsequent sustained release of Doe from within endocytic vesicles. We demonstrate the ability of the LCNPs to simultaneously serve as both an efficient delivery vehicle for Doe as well as a modulator of the drug's cytotoxicity. Specifically, the delivery of Doe as a LCNP conjugate results in a similar to 40-fold improvement In its IC50 compared to free Doe in solution. Cumulatively, our results demonstrate the utility of the LCNPs as an effective nanomaterial for simultaneous cellular imaging, tracking, and delivery of drug cargos. C1 [Spillmann, Christopher M.; Naciri, Jawad; Algar, W. Russ; Medintz, Igor L.; Delehanty, James B.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Algar, W. Russ] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Delehanty, JB (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave Southwest, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM james.delehanty@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL NSI and Base Funding Program (Work Unit) [MA041-06-41-4943]; DARPA; DTRA JSTO MIPR [B112582M]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX The authors acknowledge the NRL NSI and Base Funding Program (Work Unit MA041-06-41-4943), DARPA and DTRA JSTO MIPR # B112582M. W. R. Algar is grateful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for a postdoctoral fellowship. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 124 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2014 VL 8 IS 7 BP 6986 EP 6997 DI 10.1021/nn501816z PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AL9LR UT WOS:000339463100054 PM 24979226 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE Lipscombe, TC AF Mungan, Carl E. Lipscombe, Trevor C. TI Dropping a particle out of a roller coaster SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE roller coaster; maximum range; two-dimensional kinematics; plane curves AB A rider in a roller coaster lets go of a particle such as a small marble. How far does the marble travel horizontally from the point of release before hitting the ground, assuming the speed of the roller coaster is determined by conservation of mechanical energy starting from the highest hill up which it was pulled? Where should the marble be released along the track if one wishes to maximize the range of the marble? These questions constitute interesting variations on conventional problems in two-dimensional kinematics, appropriate for an undergraduate course in classical mechanics. Exploration of various shapes of tracks could form interesting student projects for numerical or experimental investigation. C1 [Mungan, Carl E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lipscombe, Trevor C.] Catholic Univ Amer Press, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mungan@usna.edu; lipscombe@cua.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0143-0807 EI 1361-6404 J9 EUR J PHYS JI Eur. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 35 IS 4 AR 045007 DI 10.1088/0143-0807/35/4/045007 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA AL8HT UT WOS:000339379800007 ER PT J AU Chaichitehrani, N D'Sa, EJ Ko, DS Walker, ND Osburn, CL Chen, RF AF Chaichitehrani, Nazanin D'Sa, Eurico J. Ko, Dong S. Walker, Nan D. Osburn, Christopher L. Chen, Robert F. TI Colored Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics in the Northern Gulf of Mexico from Ocean Color and Numerical Model Results SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CDOM; salinity; Sea WiFS; NCOM model ID LOUISIANA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS; LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; COASTAL CURRENT; BIOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FLORIDA SHELF AB Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption and salinity relationships were assessed and used in conjunction with the salinity and current outputs of a numerical model (Navy Coastal Ocean Model [NCOM] to study CDOM dynamics in the northern Gulf of Mexico. In situ CDOM absorption and salinity obtained from multiple field campaigns were inversely correlated seasonally (winter spring and summer) and latitudinally (inner- and outer-shelf zones), suggesting conservative behavior of CDOM distribution. A weaker correlation, during summer in the outer-shelf zone, however, indicated stronger effects of photooxidation and lower masking effects from riverine CDOM. Applying these relationships to simulated salinity resulted in hourly maps of CDOM that revealed similarities to CDOM patterns derived from SeaWiFS satellite imagery. Further, matchup comparisons between model-derived and in situ CDOM absorption were statistically sound for the summer (bias=-0.016, root mean square error=0.059, r(2)=0.51 SI=0.28) and the winter spring periods (bias = 0.033, root mean square error = 0.099, r(2) = 0.52, SI = 0.21). Overlaying the model-derived CDOM maps on the simulated currents revealed the strong influence of currents on CDOM advection. Downcoast currents during the nonsummer months led to persistent advection of CDOM westward interrupted by frequent cold front events that flush CDOM-laden waters out of the coastal bays onto the inner and outer continental shelves. In contrast, the upcoast current regime, though less well organized, produces a more significant seaward advection of CDOM, likely due to the Ekman transport and subsequent entrainment by mesoscale eddies over the continental slope. C1 [Chaichitehrani, Nazanin; D'Sa, Eurico J.; Walker, Nan D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ko, Dong S.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Chen, Robert F.] Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Osburn, Christopher L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP D'Sa, EJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ejdsa@lsu.edu OI Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 FU NASA [NNX09AR7OG, NNA07CN12A]; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Cooperative Agreement [1435-0104CA32806] FX The authors acknowledge support provided by a NASA grant NNX09AR7OG that enabled data access through the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) website. This work has also been partially supported by a NASA grant NNA07CN12A (Applied Sciences Program) and by a Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Cooperative Agreement 1435-0104CA32806 to E. D'Sa. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 21 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 30 IS 4 BP 800 EP 814 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00036.1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA AL8CZ UT WOS:000339366800014 ER PT J AU Goldbogen, JA Stimpert, AK DeRuiter, SL Calambokidis, J Friedlaender, AS Schorr, GS Moretti, DJ Tyack, PL Southall, BL AF Goldbogen, J. A. Stimpert, A. K. DeRuiter, S. L. Calambokidis, J. Friedlaender, A. S. Schorr, G. S. Moretti, D. J. Tyack, P. L. Southall, B. L. TI Using accelerometers to determine the calling behavior of tagged baleen whales SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acceleration; Acoustics; Whale ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; SEISMIC NETWORK; FIN WHALES; ECHOLOCATION; COMMUNICATION; WHISTLES; HABITAT; CLICKS; SOUND AB Low-frequency acoustic signals generated by baleen whales can propagate over vast distances, making the assignment of calls to specific individuals problematic. Here, we report the novel use of acoustic recording tags equipped with high-resolution accelerometers to detect vibrations from the surface of two tagged fin whales that directly match the timing of recorded acoustic signals. A tag deployed on a buoy in the vicinity of calling fin whales and a recording from a tag that had just fallen off a whale were able to detect calls acoustically but did not record corresponding accelerometer signals that were measured on calling individuals. Across the hundreds of calls measured on two tagged fin whales, the accelerometer response was generally anisotropic across all three axes, appeared to depend on tag placement and increased with the level of received sound. These data demonstrate that high-sample rate accelerometry can provide important insights into the acoustic behavior of baleen whales that communicate at low frequencies. This method helps identify vocalizing whales, which in turn enables the quantification of call rates, a fundamental component of models used to estimate baleen whale abundance and distribution from passive acoustic monitoring. C1 [Goldbogen, J. A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Stimpert, A. K.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Stimpert, A. K.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [DeRuiter, S. L.] Univ St Andrews, CREEM, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Calambokidis, J.; Schorr, G. S.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Friedlaender, A. S.] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Moretti, D. J.] Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Tyack, P. L.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Southall, B. L.] Southall Environm Associates Inc, Aptos, CA 95003 USA. [Southall, B. L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Goldbogen, JA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM jergold@stanford.edu; astimpert@mlml.calstate.edu; sldr@st-andrews.ac.uk OI Goldbogen, Jeremy/0000-0002-4170-7294 FU US Navy Living Marine Resources Program; Office of Naval Research Marine Mammal Program; MASTS; Scottish Funding Council [HR09011] FX This work was funded by the US Navy Living Marine Resources Program and Office of Naval Research Marine Mammal Program. P.L.T. acknowledges the support of the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland) in the completion of this study. MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council [grant reference HR09011] and contributing institutions. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 38 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 217 IS 14 BP 2449 EP 2455 DI 10.1242/jeb.103259 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AL6WG UT WOS:000339273500009 PM 24803468 ER PT J AU Nabet, B Currie, M Dianat, P Quaranta, F Cola, A AF Nabet, Bahram Currie, Marc Dianat, Pouya Quaranta, Fabio Cola, Adriano TI High-Speed, High-Sensitivity Optoelectronic Device with Bilayer Electron and Hole Charge Plasma SO ACS PHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE two-dimensional gas; charge plasma; charge transport; dispersion relation; E-K relation; photodetectors ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON; CURRENT TRANSPORT; INVERSION LAYERS; GAS; PHOTODETECTORS; SEMICONDUCTORS; OSCILLATIONS; LOSSES; POINT AB Analogous to a drop exciting a wave in a reservoir that is detected more rapidly than the drop's transport by current flow, charge plasma confined in a semiconductor can transfer energy, hence respond much faster than the electric field-induced carrier drift current. Here we construct an optoelectronic device in which charge reservoirs respond to excitation with a speed that is impossible to achieve by transport of charge. In response to short optical pulses, this device produces electrical pulses that are almost 2 orders of magnitude shorter than the same device without the charge reservoirs. In addition to speed, the sensitivity of this process allowed us to measure, at room temperature, as low as 11 000 photons. These micro plasma devices can have a range of application such as optical communication with a fraction of a microwatt power compared to the present tens of milliwatts, ultrasensitive light detection with cryogenic cooling, photovoltaic devices capable of harvesting dim light, THz radiation detectors, and charged particle detectors. C1 [Nabet, Bahram; Dianat, Pouya] Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19038 USA. [Currie, Marc] Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Quaranta, Fabio; Cola, Adriano] IMM CNR, Natl Res Council, Unit Lecce, Inst Microelect & Microsyt, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. RP Nabet, B (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19038 USA. EM nabet@ece.drexel.edu RI Cola, Adriano/G-2379-2010 FU NSF [ECCS-0702716]; Office of Naval Research; ASEE-ONR Summer Faculty Research Fellowship; Italian CNR Short Term Mobility grants FX This work was partially supported by NSF Award No. ECCS-0702716, the Office of Naval Research, ASEE-ONR Summer Faculty Research Fellowship, and Italian CNR Short Term Mobility grants. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2330-4022 J9 ACS PHOTONICS JI ACS Photonics PD JUL PY 2014 VL 1 IS 7 BP 560 EP 569 DI 10.1021/ph4001229 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA AL6EP UT WOS:000339225700003 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ Venter, C Harding, AK Guillemot, L Smith, DA Kramer, M Celik, O Den Hartog, PR Ferrara, EC Hou, X Lande, J Ray, PS AF Johnson, T. J. Venter, C. Harding, A. K. Guillemot, L. Smith, D. A. Kramer, M. Celik, O. Den Hartog, P. R. Ferrara, E. C. Hou, X. Lande, J. Ray, P. S. TI CONSTRAINTS ON THE EMISSION GEOMETRIES AND SPIN EVOLUTION OF GAMMA-RAY MILLISECOND PULSARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; gamma rays: stars; pulsars: general ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; NANCAY RADIO TELESCOPE; PHASE-RESOLVED SPECTRA; ANNULAR GAP MODEL; LIGHT CURVES; NEUTRON-STAR; CRAB PULSAR; X-RAY; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER AB Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are a growing class of gamma-ray emitters. Pulsed gamma-ray signals have been detected from more than 40 MSPs with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). The wider radio beams and more compact magnetospheres of MSPs enable studies of emission geometries over a broader range of phase space than non-recycled radio-loud gamma-ray pulsars. We have modeled the gamma-ray light curves of 40 LAT-detected MSPs using geometric emission models assuming a vacuum retarded-dipole magnetic field. We modeled the radio profiles using a single-altitude hollow-cone beam, with a core component when indicated by polarimetry; however, for MSPs with gamma-ray and radio light curve peaks occurring at nearly the same rotational phase, we assume that the radio emission is co-located with the gamma rays and caustic in nature. The best-fit parameters and confidence intervals are determined using a maximum likelihood technique. We divide the light curves into three model classes, with gamma-ray peaks trailing (Class I), aligned (Class II), or leading (Class III) the radio peaks. Outer gap and slot gap (two-pole caustic) models best fit roughly equal numbers of Class I and II, while Class III are exclusively fit with pair-starved polar cap models. Distinguishing between the model classes based on typical derived parameters is difficult. We explore the evolution of the magnetic inclination angle with period and spin-down power, finding possible correlations. While the presence of significant off-peak emission can often be used as a discriminator between outer gap and slot gap models, a hybrid model may be needed. C1 [Johnson, T. J.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Venter, C.] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Harding, A. K.; Celik, O.; Ferrara, E. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Guillemot, L.] CNRS, LPCE UMR 6115, Lab Phys & Chim Environ, F-45071 Orleans, France. [Guillemot, L.] CNRS INSU, Obser Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux 1, IN2P3 CNRS, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Kramer, M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Kramer, M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Celik, O.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Celik, O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Celik, O.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Den Hartog, P. R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Den Hartog, P. R.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lande, J.] Twitter Inc, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. [Ray, P. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM tyrel.j.johnson@gmail.com; Christo.Venter@nwu.ac.za; ahardingx@yahoo.com OI Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278; Venter, Christo/0000-0002-2666-4812 FU LAT; scientific data analysis; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France; Commonwealth Government; National Science Foundation [AST-1100968]; NASA [DPR S-15633-Y, 10-Fermi10-C4-0054, 09-FERMI309-0076]; South African National Research Foundation FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France.; Our research used the radio profiles published in Abdo et al. (2013) and we gratefully acknowledge the efforts of radio astronomers in support of Fermi LAT pulsar science. The Parkes radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope which is funded by the Commonwealth Government for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. The Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) is operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The Arecibo Observatory is operated by SRI International under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (AST-1100968), and in alliance with Ana G. Mndez-Universidad Metropolitana, and the Universities Space Research Association. The Nan, cay Radio Observatory is operated by the Paris Observatory, associated with the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). The Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope is operated by Netherlands Foundation for Radio Astronomy, ASTRON.; Portions of this research performed at the Naval Research Laboratory are sponsored by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. C.V. is supported by the South African National Research Foundation. A.K.H. acknowledges support from NASA Astrophysics Theory grants and Fermi Guest Investigator grants 10-Fermi10-C4-0054 and 09-FERMI309-0076. NR 161 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 213 IS 1 AR 6 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/213/1/6 PG 54 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AL6HO UT WOS:000339233400006 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Ugarte-Urra, I Landi, E AF Warren, Harry P. Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio Landi, Enrico TI THE ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION OF THE EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER ON HINODE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona ID SOLAR-B SATELLITE; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; TEMPERATURE; CHIANTI; SOHO; INSTRUMENT; STREAMERS AB We investigate the absolute calibration of the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on Hinode by comparing EIS full-disk mosaics with irradiance observations from the EUV Variability Experiment on the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We also use extended observations of the quiet corona above the limb combined with a simple differential emission measure model to establish new effective area curves that incorporate information from the most recent atomic physics calculations. We find that changes to the EIS instrument sensitivity are a complex function of both time and wavelength. We find that the sensitivity is decaying exponentially with time and that the decay constants vary with wavelength. The EIS short wavelength channel shows significantly longer decay times than the long wavelength channel. C1 [Warren, Harry P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Landi, Enrico] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/0000-0001-5503-0491 FU NASA's Hinode project; NASA's SDO project FX Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and NSC (Norway). CHIANTI is a collaborative project involving George Mason University, the University of Michigan (USA), and the University of Cambridge (UK). The authors would like to thank John Mariska for providing his EIS synoptic time series and Peter Young for providing the Fe XIV intensities. The authors would like to thank John Mariska and Peter Young for many enlightening discussions. The authors would also like to thank Guilio Del Zanna for his extensive comments on this work and the referee for many helpful comments and suggestions. This research was funded by NASA's Hinode and SDO projects. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 213 IS 1 AR 11 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/213/1/11 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AL6HO UT WOS:000339233400011 ER PT J AU Mulvaney, SP Stine, R Long, NC Tamanaha, CR Sheehan, PE AF Mulvaney, Shawn P. Stine, Rory Long, Nina C. Tamanaha, Cy R. Sheehan, Paul E. TI Graphene veils: A versatile surface chemistry for sensors SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE biosensor; graphene oxide; surface chemistry; coating; film ID PLASMON RESONANCE; STEM-CELLS; OXIDE; BIOSENSORS; MONOLAYERS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOPARTICLES; ENHANCEMENT; MOLECULES; BIOASSAYS AB Thin spun-coat films (similar to 4 nm thick) of graphene oxide (GO) constitute a versatile surface chemistry compatible with a broad range of technologically important sensor materials. Countless publications are dedicated to the nuances of surface chemistries that have been developed for sensors, with almost every material having unique characteristics. There would be enormous value in a surface chemistry that could be applied generally with functionalization and passivation already optimized regardless of the sensor material it covered. Such a film would need to be thin, conformal, and allow for multiple routes toward covalent linkages. It is also vital that the film permit the underlying sensor to transduce. Here we show that GO films can be applied over a diverse set of sensor surfaces, can link biomolecules through multiple reaction pathways, and can support cell growth. Application of a graphene veil atop a magnetic sensor array is demonstrated with an immunoassay. We also present biosensing and material characterization data for these graphene veils. C1 [Mulvaney, Shawn P.; Tamanaha, Cy R.; Sheehan, Paul E.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Stine, Rory; Long, Nina C.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Mulvaney, SP (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM shawn.mulvaney@nrl.navy.mil RI Stine, Rory/C-6709-2013; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 31 PU BIOTECHNIQUES OFFICE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 EI 1940-9818 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUL PY 2014 VL 57 IS 1 BP 21 EP + DI 10.2144/000114188 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AL8DL UT WOS:000339368000005 PM 25005690 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, Peter C. Fan, Chenwu TI Accuracy Progressive Calculation of Lagrangian Trajectories from a Gridded Velocity Field SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENT SCSMEX DATA; FLOW DECOMPOSITION; OCEAN; SPARSE; SYSTEM AB Reduction of computational error is a key issue in computing Lagrangian trajectories using gridded velocities. Computational accuracy enhances from using the first term (constant velocity scheme), the first two terms (linear uncoupled scheme), the first three terms (linear coupled scheme), to using all four terms (nonlinear coupled scheme) of the two-dimensional interpolation. A unified "analytical form" is presented in this study for different truncations. Ordinary differential equations for predicting Lagrangian trajectory are linear using the constant velocity/linear uncoupled schemes (both commonly used in atmospheric and ocean modeling), the linear coupled scheme, and the nonlinear using the nonlinear coupled scheme (both proposed in this paper). The location of the Lagrangian drifter inside the grid cell is determined by two algebraic equations that are solved explicitly with the constant velocity/linear uncoupled schemes, and implicitly using the Newton-Raphson iteration method with the linear/nonlinear coupled schemes. The analytical Stommel ocean model on the f plane is used to illustrate great accuracy improvement from keeping the first term to keeping all the terms of the two-dimensional interpolation. C1 [Chu, Peter C.; Fan, Chenwu] Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N0001413AF00002]; Naval Oceanographic Office [N6230612PO00123] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Grant N0001413AF00002) and the Naval Oceanographic Office (Grant N6230612PO00123). NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1615 EP 1627 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00204.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL4KQ UT WOS:000339102200012 ER PT J AU Richter, SJ Stavn, RH AF Richter, Scott J. Stavn, Robert H. TI Determining Functional Relations in Multivariate Oceanographic Systems: Model II Multiple Linear Regression SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FISHERY RESEARCH; OCEAN WATERS; CHLOROPHYLL; CARBON; PHYTOPLANKTON; RATIO AB A method for estimating multivariate functional relationships between sets of measured oceanographic, meteorological, and other field data is presented. Model II regression is well known for describing functional relationships between two variables. However, there is little accessible guidance for the researcher wishing to apply model II methods to a multivariate system consisting of three or more variables. This paper describes a straightforward method to extend model II regression to the case of three or more variables. The multiple model II procedure is applied to an analysis of the optical spectral scattering coefficient measured in the coastal ocean. The spectral scattering coefficient is regressed against both suspended mineral particle concentration and suspended organic particle concentration. The regression coefficients from this analysis provide adjusted estimates of the mineral particle scattering cross section and the organic particle scattering cross section. Greater accuracy and efficiency of the coefficients from this analysis, compared to semiempirical coefficients, is demonstrated. Examples of multivariate data are presented that have been analyzed by partitioning the variables into arbitrary bivariate models. However, in a true multivariate system with correlated predictors, such as a coupled biogeochemical cycle, these bivariate analyses yield incorrect coefficient estimates and may result in large unexplained variance. Employing instead a multivariate model II analysis can alleviate these problems and may be a better choice in these situations. C1 [Richter, Scott J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Math & Stat, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. [Stavn, Robert H.] Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Stavn, RH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, 312 Eberhart Bldg,321 McIver St, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. EM sjricht2@uncg.edu; stavnr@uncg.edu FU University of North Carolina at Greensboro Research Assignment; National Research Council through NASA, Applied Sciences Directorate, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi; American Society for Engineering Education through the Naval Research Laboratory, Coastal and Marginal Seas Section, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi [7323]; ONR [N00014-97-0812] FX SJR wishes to acknowledge support, in part, by a University of North Carolina at Greensboro Research Assignment. RHS wishes to acknowledge the valuable discussions on regression from Charles C. Trees, Center for Hydro-Optics and Remote Sensing, San Diego State University, San Diego California. In addition there was the valuable support of a Research Assignment Leave from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro; a National Research Council Research Associateship through NASA, Applied Sciences Directorate, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi; a summer fellowship from the American Society for Engineering Education through the Naval Research Laboratory, Code 7323, Coastal and Marginal Seas Section, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi; early support from ONR Grant N00014-97-0812; and the Naval Research Lab Project to Richard W. Gould Jr., "Predicting Coastal Bio-Optical Response to Atmospheric/Oceanographic Forcing," Stennis Space Center, Mississippi. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1663 EP 1672 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00210.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL4KQ UT WOS:000339102200016 ER PT J AU Radko, T de Carvalho, DP Flanagan, J AF Radko, T. de Carvalho, D. Peixoto Flanagan, J. TI Nonlinear Equilibration of Baroclinic Instability: The Growth Rate Balance Model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID AMPLITUDE GEOSTROPHIC FLOWS; STRATIFIED KOLMOGOROV FLOW; OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; MULTIPLE ZONAL JETS; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; EDDY VISCOSITY; BETA-PLANE; DEEP STRATIFICATION; MESOSCALE EDDIES; ENERGY-BALANCE AB A theoretical model is developed, which attempts to predict the lateral transport by mesoscale variability, generated and maintained by baroclinic instability of large-scale flows. The authors are particularly concerned by the role of secondary instabilities of primary baroclinically unstable modes in the saturation of their linear growth. Theory assumes that the fully developed equilibrium state is characterized by the comparable growth rates of primary and secondary instabilities. This assumption makes it possible to formulate an efficient algorithm for evaluating the equilibrium magnitude of mesoscale eddies as a function of the background parameters: vertical shear, stratification, beta effect, and bottom drag. The proposed technique is applied to two classical models of baroclinic instability-the Phillips two-layer model and the linearly stratified Eady model. Theory predicts that the eddy-driven lateral mixing rapidly intensifies with increasing shear and weakens when the beta effect is increased. The eddy transport is also sensitive to the stratification pattern, decreasing as the ratio of upper/lower layer depths in the Phillips model is decreased below unity. Theory is successfully tested by a series of direct numerical simulations that span a wide parameter range relevant for typical large-scale currents in the ocean. The spontaneous emergence of large-scale patterns induced by mesoscale variability, and their role in the cross-flow eddy transport, is examined using a suite of numerical simulations. C1 [Radko, T.; de Carvalho, D. Peixoto; Flanagan, J.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 883 Dyer Rd,Bldg 232,Room 344, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE 1155866] FX The authors thank Pavel Berloff, Igor Kamenkovich, and the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Support of the National Science Foundation (Grant OCE 1155866) is gratefully acknowledged. This research was performed while J. Flanagan held a National Research Council award at the Naval Postgraduate School. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1919 EP 1940 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-0248.1 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AL5OT UT WOS:000339183800014 ER PT J AU Norman, SB Schmied, E Larson, GE AF Norman, Sonya B. Schmied, Emily Larson, Gerald E. TI Predictors of Continued Problem Drinking and Substance Use Following Military Discharge SO JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; ALCOHOL-USE; WAR VETERANS; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; GULF-WAR; IRAQ WAR; PTSD; AFGHANISTAN; DEPRESSION AB Objective: The goals of the present study were to (a) examine change in rates of problem alcohol/substance use among a sample of veterans between their last year of military service and their first year following separation, (b) identify predictors of continued problem use in the first year after separation, and (c) evaluate the hypothesis that avoidant coping, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and chronic stress place individuals at particularly high risk for continued problem use. Method: Participants (N = 1,599) completed self-report measures before and during the year following separation. Participants who endorsed either having used more than intended or wanting or needing to cut down during the past year were considered to have problem use. Results: Of 742 participants reporting problem substance use at baseline, 42% reported continued problem substance use at follow-up ("persistors"). Persistors reported more trouble adjusting to civilian life, had a greater likelihood of driving while intoxicated, and had a greater likelihood of aggression. Multivariate analyses showed that avoidant coping score at baseline and higher PTSD symptom score and greater sensation seeking at follow up predicted continued problem use. Conclusions: Understanding risk factors for continued problem use is a prerequisite for targeted prevention of chronic problems and associated negative life consequences. C1 [Norman, Sonya B.] Vet Affairs Ctr Excellence Stress & Mental Hlth, Natl Ctr PTSD, San Diego, CA USA. [Norman, Sonya B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Schmied, Emily; Larson, Gerald E.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Norman, SB (reprint author), VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, La Jolla, CA 92161 USA. EM snorman@ucsd.edu FU Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC under work unit 60812 FX This work was supported by the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington, DC, under work unit 60812. No conflicts of interest are reported by the authors. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and are not intended to represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (protocol NHRC.2007.0011). NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU ALCOHOL RES DOCUMENTATION INC CENT ALCOHOL STUD RUTGERS UNIV PI PISCATAWAY PA C/O DEIRDRE ENGLISH, 607 ALLISON RD, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8001 USA SN 1937-1888 EI 1938-4114 J9 J STUD ALCOHOL DRUGS JI J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs PD JUL PY 2014 VL 75 IS 4 BP 557 EP 566 PG 10 WC Substance Abuse; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychology GA AL4XQ UT WOS:000339138500003 PM 24988254 ER PT J AU Raghukumar, K Colosi, JA AF Raghukumar, Kaustubha Colosi, John A. TI High frequency normal mode statistics in a shallow water waveguide: The effect of random linear internal waves SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-THEORY; ROUGH BOUNDARIES; TIME-REVERSAL; RANDOM OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE; AMPLITUDES; PROPAGATION; SCATTERING; ENVIRONMENTS; COHERENCE AB Using transport theory and Monte Carlo numerical simulation, the statistical properties of mode propagation at a frequency of 1 kHz are studied in a shallow water environment with random sound-speed perturbations from linear internal waves. The environment is typical of summer conditions in the mid-Atlantic bight during the Shallow Water 2006 experiment. Observables of interest include the second and fourth moments of the mode amplitudes, which are relevant to full-field mean intensity and scintillation index. It is found that mode phase randomization has a strong adiabatic component while at the same time mode coupling rates are significant. As a consequence, a computationally efficient transport theory is presented, which models cross-mode correlation adiabatically, but accounts for mode coupling using the mode energy equations of Creamer [(1996). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 2825-2838]. The theory also has closed-form expressions for the internal wave scattering matrix and a correction for an edge effect. The hybrid transport theory is shown to accurately reproduce many statistical quantities from the Monte Carlo simulations. (C) 2014 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Raghukumar, Kaustubha; Colosi, John A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Raghukumar, K (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kraghuku@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research; National Academy of Sciences through the National Research Council research associateship program FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research. K. R. is grateful to the National Academy of Sciences for support through the National Research Council research associateship program. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 136 IS 1 BP 66 EP 79 DI 10.1121/1.4881926 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AL5HH UT WOS:000339163800018 PM 24993196 ER PT J AU Jones, BA Colosi, JA Stanton, TK AF Jones, Benjamin A. Colosi, John A. Stanton, Timothy K. TI Echo statistics of individual and aggregations of scatterers in the water column of a random, oceanic waveguide SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV TEST; NORMAL-MODE AMPLITUDES; SHADOW-ZONE ARRIVALS; LONG-RANGE SONAR; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; ACOUSTICAL SCATTERING; ENVELOPE STATISTICS; SOUND-PROPAGATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BOUNDED OBSTACLES AB The relative contributions of various physical factors to producing non-Rayleigh distributions of echo magnitudes in a waveguide are examined. Factors that are considered include (1) a stochastic, range-dependent sound-speed profile, (2) a directional acoustic source, (3) a variable scattering response, and (4) an extended scattering volume. A two-way parabolic equation model, coupled with a stochastic internal wave model, produces realistic simulations of acoustic propagation through a complex oceanic sound speed field. Simulations are conducted for a single frequency (3 kHz), monostatic sonar with a narrow beam (5 degrees -3 dB beam width). The randomization of the waveguide, range of propagation, directionality of the sonar, and spatial extent of the scatterers each contribute to the degree to which the echo statistics are non-Rayleigh. Of critical importance are the deterministic and stochastic processes that induce multipath and drive the one-way acoustic pressure field to saturation (i.e., complex-Gaussian statistics). In this limit predictable statistics of echo envelopes are obtained at all ranges. A computationally low-budget phasor summation can successfully predict the probability density functions when the beam pattern and number of scatterers ensonified are known quantities. C1 [Jones, Benjamin A.; Colosi, John A.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Stanton, Timothy K.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Jones, BA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bajones@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0127, N00014-11-1-0241]; U.S. Navy FX This research was funded, in part, by the Office of Naval Research Grant Nos. N00014-10-1-0127 and N00014-11-1-0241 and the Oceanographer of the U.S. Navy. The authors would like to thank Dr. J. Paquin Fabre of the Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, for sharing her MATLAB-based PE code which was modified for use in this study. We also wish to thank Dr. Ching-Sang Chiu, Dr. Lawrence Ziomeck, Dr. Patrick Harr, and Dr. D. Benjamin Reeder at the Naval Postgraduate School for their inputs throughout this research process. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 136 IS 1 BP 90 EP 108 DI 10.1121/1.4881925 PG 19 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AL5HH UT WOS:000339163800020 PM 24993198 ER PT J AU Folsch, S Martinez-Blanco, J Yang, JS Kanisawa, K Erwin, SC AF Foelsch, Stefan Martinez-Blanco, Jesus Yang, Jianshu Kanisawa, Kiyoshi Erwin, Steven C. TI Quantum dots with single-atom precision SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLEAVED EDGE OVERGROWTH; MOLECULES; DEVICES AB Quantum dots are often called artificial atoms because, like real atoms, they confine electrons to quantized states with discrete energies. However, although real atoms are identical, most quantum dots comprise hundreds or thousands of atoms, with inevitable variations in size and shape and, consequently, unavoidable variability in their wavefunctions and energies. Electrostatic gates can be used to mitigate these variations by adjusting the electron energy levels(1-3), but the more ambitious goal of creating quantum dots with intrinsically digital fidelity by eliminating statistical variations in their size, shape and arrangement remains elusive(4-9). We used a scanning tunnelling microscope to create quantum dots with identical, deterministic sizes. By using the lattice of a reconstructed semiconductor surface to fix the position of each atom, we controlled the shape and location of the dots with effectively zero error. This allowed us to construct quantum dot molecules whose coupling has no intrinsic variation but could nonetheless be tuned with arbitrary precision over a wide range. Digital fidelity opens the door to quantum dot architectures free of intrinsic broadening-an important goal for technologies from nanophotonics(10) to quantum information processing(11,12) as well as for fundamental studies of confined electrons(13-17). C1 [Foelsch, Stefan; Martinez-Blanco, Jesus; Yang, Jianshu] Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Kanisawa, Kiyoshi] NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. [Erwin, Steven C.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Folsch, S (reprint author), Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, Hausvogteipl 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. EM foelsch@pdi-berlin.de; steven.erwin@nrl.navy.mil FU German Research Foundation [FO 362/4-1]; Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program FX The authors thank C.S. Hellberg, Al. L. Efros and E.I. Rashba for discussions. This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (FO 362/4-1) and the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. Computations were performed at the DoD Major Shared Resource Center at AFRL. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 71 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 EI 1748-3395 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 9 IS 7 BP 505 EP 508 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2014.129 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AL4GT UT WOS:000339091600008 PM 24974937 ER PT J AU Bachmann, CM Philpot, W Abelev, A Korwan, D AF Bachmann, Charles M. Philpot, William Abelev, Andrei Korwan, Dan TI Phase angle dependence of sand density observable in hyperspectral reflectance SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral; Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF); Goniometer; Sand density; Phase angle; Radiative transfer ID PLANETARY REGOLITH ANALOGS; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; LABORATORY PHOTOMETRY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SPECTROSCOPY; SOIL; SPECTRA; MODEL; SCATTERING AB This paper describes measurements of the phase angle dependence of sand density observable in hyperspectral reflectance. Bi-directional reflectance distribution measurements in the principal scattering plane were recorded for sand samples prepared near minimum and maximum relative densities. Radiative transfer theory for granular media of a single constituent would predict increased reflectance with increased density. However, sands are usually composite materials, and we observed that reflectance can actually decrease with increasing density when the dominant constituents of the sand are semi-translucent, and a darker fraction with typically smaller grains is also present. We postulate that under these circumstances, as density increases, multiple scattering modes are being suppressed as the darker absorbing fraction occupies more optimally the available pore space. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Bachmann, Charles M.; Korwan, Dan] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Abelev, Andrei] Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Philpot, William] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@cis.rit.edu NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 150 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.024 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AL3OG UT WOS:000339037500005 ER PT J AU Fried, DL Riker, J Agrawal, B AF Fried, David L. Riker, Jim Agrawal, Brij TI Signal-to-noise ratio limitations for intensity correlation imaging SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article AB Intensity correlation imaging (ICI) is a concept which has been considered for the task of providing images of satellites in geosynchronous orbit using ground-based equipment. This concept is based on the intensity interferometer principle first developed by Hanbury Brown and Twiss. It is the objective of this paper to establish that a sun-lit geosynchronous satellite is too faint a target object to allow intensity interferometry to be used in developing image information about it-at least not in a reasonable time and with a reasonable amount of equipment. An analytic treatment of the basic phenomena is presented. This is an analysis of one aspect of the statistics of the very high frequency random variations of a very narrow portion of the optical spectra of the incoherent (black-body like-actually reflected sunlight) radiation from the satellite, an analysis showing that the covariance of this radiation as measured by a pair of ground-based telescopes is directly proportional to the square of the magnitude of one component of the Fourier transform of the image of the satellite-the component being the one for a spatial frequency whose value is determined by the separation of the two telescopes. This analysis establishes the magnitude of the covariance. A second portion of the analysis considers shot-noise effects. It is shown that even with much less than one photodetection event (pde) per signal integration time an unbiased estimate of the covariance of the optical field's random variations can be developed. Also, a result is developed for the standard deviation to be associated with the estimated value of the covariance. From these results an expression is developed for what may be called the signal-to-noise ratio to be associated with an estimate of the covariance. This signal-to-noise ratio, it turns out, does not depend on the measurement's integration time,.t (in seconds), or on the optical spectral bandwidth,.. (in Hertz), utilized-so long as.t.. 1, which condition it would be hard to violate. It is estimated that for a D = 3.16 m diameter satellite, with a pair of D = 1.0 m diameter telescopes (which value of D probably represents an upper limit on allowable aperture diameter since the telescope aperture must be much too small to even resolve the size of the satellite) at least N = 2.55 x 1016 separate pairs of (one integration time, pde count) measurement values must be collected to achieve just a 10 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Working with 10 pairs of telescopes (all with the same separation), and with 10 nearly adjacent and each very narrow spectral bands extracted from the light collected by each of the telescope-so that for each measurement integration time there would be 100 pairs of measurement values available-and with an integration time as short as Delta t = 1 ns, it would take T = 2.55 x 10(5) s or about 71 h to collect the data for just a single spatial frequency component of the image of the satellite. It is on this basis that it is concluded that the ICI concept does not seem likely to be able to provide a timely responsive capability for the imaging of geosynchronous satellites. C1 [Riker, Jim] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Agrawal, Brij] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM DLFried@cruzio.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1536 EP 1546 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.31.001536 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA AL1IG UT WOS:000338878500022 PM 25121442 ER PT J AU Bowman, SR Brown, CG Brindza, M Beadie, G Hite, JK Freitas, JA Eddy, CR Meyer, JR Vurgaftman, I AF Bowman, Steven R. Brown, Christopher G. Brindza, Michael Beadie, Guy Hite, Jennifer K. Freitas, Jaime A. Eddy, Charles R., Jr. Meyer, Jerry R. Vurgaftman, Igor TI Broadband measurements of the refractive indices of bulk gallium nitride SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID GAN; SAPPHIRE AB New measurements of the index of refraction for free-standing samples of gallium nitride are reported. A simple dispersive prism technique is used to obtain the birefringent indices from 500 to 5100 nm, covering most of the transparency range of this wide band gap semiconductor. Millimeter thick samples prepared by both ammonothermal growth and hydride vapor phase epitaxy are found to have nearly identical refractive indices. The observed dispersion fits well to a two-pole Sellmeier equation with an estimated overall accuracy of +/- 0.002. Our results are found to be in good agreement with previous visible and near-IR measurements on thin-film GaN samples, however we observed significantly less dispersion in the mid-IR. Moderate heating of the samples also provided a new determination of dn/dT. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Bowman, Steven R.; Brindza, Michael; Beadie, Guy; Hite, Jennifer K.; Freitas, Jaime A.; Eddy, Charles R., Jr.; Meyer, Jerry R.; Vurgaftman, Igor] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Brown, Christopher G.] Sotera Def Solut, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Steven.Bowman@nrl.navy.mil RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 18 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 4 IS 7 BP 1287 EP 1296 DI 10.1364/OME.4.001287 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA AL1GZ UT WOS:000338875100001 ER PT J AU Harwood, JF Farooq, M Richardson, AG Doud, CW Putnam, JL Szumlas, DE Richardson, JH AF Harwood, James F. Farooq, Muhammad Richardson, Alec G. Doud, Carl W. Putnam, John L. Szumlas, Daniel E. Richardson, Jason H. TI Exploring New Thermal Fog and Ultra-Low Volume Technologies to Improve Indoor Control of the Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; ultra-low volume; thermal fog; indoor space spray; pyriproxyfen ID EMERGENCY CONTROL; ADULTICIDE EFFICACY; PYRIPROXYFEN; FORMULATION; INSECTICIDE; THAILAND; LARVAE AB Control of the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti (L.), inside human habitations must be performed quickly and efficiently to reduce the risk of transmission during dengue outbreaks. As part of a broad study to assess the efficacy of dengue vector control tools for the U.S. Military, two pesticide delivery systems (ultra-low volume [ULV] and thermal fog) were evaluated for their ability to provide immediate control of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes with a contact insecticide inside simulated urban structures. An insect growth regulator was also applied to determine how well each sprayer delivered lethal doses of active ingredient to indoor water containers for pupal control. Mortality of caged Ae. aegypti, pesticide droplet size, and droplet deposition were recorded after applications. In addition, larval and pupal mortality was measured from treated water samples for 4 wk after the applications. The ULV and the thermal fogger performed equally well in delivering lethal doses of adulticide throughout the structures. The ULV resulted in greater larval mortality and adult emergence inhibition in the water containers for a longer period than the thermal fogger. Therefore, the ULV technology is expected to be a better tool for sustained vector suppression when combined with an effective insect growth regulator. However, during a dengue outbreak, either delivery system should provide an immediate knockdown of vector populations that may lower the risk of infection and allow other suppression strategies to be implemented. C1 [Harwood, James F.; Farooq, Muhammad; Richardson, Alec G.; Doud, Carl W.] Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Putnam, John L.] US Air Force Acad, HQ USAFA DFB, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Szumlas, Daniel E.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Entomol Branch 503, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Richardson, Jason H.] Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Harwood, JF (reprint author), Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Naval Air Stn, Box 43,Bldg 937, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. EM james.harwood@med.navy.mil FU Deployed War Fighter Protection Program; Defense Medical Research and Development Program FX We thank J. Kerce, C. Waits, V. Smith, J. Anderson, M. McDonough, J. Wright, M. Denson, R. Platt, L. Santana, J. Francona, and R. Oakes for technical assistance during field and laboratory trials. Also, we thank P. J. Obenauer, P. Nunn, and H. Arimoto for editorial assistance. This research was funded by the Deployed War Fighter Protection Program and the Defense Medical Research and Development Program. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 51 IS 4 BP 845 EP 854 DI 10.1603/ME14056 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA AL0TW UT WOS:000338840700016 PM 25118418 ER PT J AU Fowler, IM Tucker, AA AF Fowler, Ian M. Tucker, Anthony A. TI Questions Regarding a Comparison of Techniques for Piriformis Muscle Injection Reply SO REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Fowler, Ian M.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. [Tucker, Anthony A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Fowler, IM (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1098-7339 EI 1532-8651 J9 REGION ANESTH PAIN M JI Region. Anesth. Pain Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 39 IS 4 BP 352 EP 353 PG 4 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA AK9VK UT WOS:000338776000018 PM 24949590 ER PT J AU Tucker, AA Fowler, IM AF Tucker, Anthony A. Fowler, Ian M. TI Comparing the Efficacy of 2 Techniques for Piriformis Muscle Injection Proceed With Caution Reply SO REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID SCIATIC-NERVE C1 [Tucker, Anthony A.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. [Fowler, Ian M.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Tucker, AA (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-7339 EI 1532-8651 J9 REGION ANESTH PAIN M JI Region. Anesth. Pain Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 39 IS 4 BP 354 EP 354 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA AK9VK UT WOS:000338776000020 PM 24949592 ER PT J AU Doerr, KH Kang, K AF Doerr, Kenneth H. Kang, Keebom TI Bi-criteria risk analysis of domain-specific and cross-domain changes in complex systems SO COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE System availability; Life cycle cost; Asset management; Risk analysis; Multi-criteria decision making ID RELIABILITY; COST; OPTIMIZATION; COMPONENTS; SELECTION; CONTRACT; MODELS AB Government and not-for-profit organizations measure success in terms of their ability to promote an organizational mission. Complex assets in such organizations are acquired in a budget-allocation process which reflects mission priorities. So, complex assets in such an environment must be managed so that availability of the asset is sufficient to support mission objectives as planned. But cost must also be contained within the budget plan, or other mission objectives may suffer. Hence, an objective in such environments is to simultaneously control (1) the risk that percent-availability will fall below a minimum planning threshold alpha, and control (2) the risk that cost will exceed the planned budget beta. This problem is especially difficult because the two risks are negatively correlated. In this paper we examine this bi-criteria risk minimization problem, for an organization in which the departments (domains) of the organization must compete for scarce resources to achieve organizational objectives. We develop a model that can be used to assess bi-criteria risk of single-domain proposals, and a ranking-and-selection procedure which can be used to choose between those proposals. We then conduct a limited search of solutions which involve linear combinations of the proposals, in order to investigate the potential benefits of 'breaking silos' and 'cooperation' across domains. Results suggest that for complex systems at least, cross-domain solutions are not always superior to single-domain solutions, and that integrated system models are needed to properly evaluate single-domain or cross-domain solutions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Doerr, Kenneth H.; Kang, Keebom] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Doerr, KH (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM khdoerr@nps.edu OI Doerr, Kenneth/0000-0002-7763-7304 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-8352 EI 1879-0550 J9 COMPUT IND ENG JI Comput. Ind. Eng. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 73 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.cie.2014.04.009 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AK7QF UT WOS:000338622100007 ER PT J AU Tanen, DA Shimada, M Danish, DC Dos Santos, F Makela, M Riffenburgh, RH AF Tanen, David A. Shimada, Mai Danish, D. Chris Dos Santos, Frank Makela, Martin Riffenburgh, Robert H. TI INTRAVENOUS LIDOCAINE FOR THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT TREATMENT OF ACUTE RADICULAR LOW BACK PAIN, A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Assembly Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 15-16, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys DE lidocaine; ketorolac; radicular; pain ID DOUBLE-BLIND; PLACEBO; INJURY AB Background: Acute radicular back pain is a frequent complaint of patients presenting to the Emergency Department. Study Objective: Determine the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine when compared to ketorolac for the treatment of acute radicular low back pain. Methods: Randomized double-blind study of 41 patients aged 18-55 years presenting with acute radicular low back pain. Patients were randomized to receive either 100 mg lidocaine or 30 mg ketorolac intravenously over 2 min. A 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain at Time 0 (baseline), and 20, 40, and 60 minutes. Changes in [median] VAS scores were compared over time (within groups) by the signed-rank test and between groups by the rank-sum test. A 5-point Pain Relief Scale (PRS) was administered at the conclusion of the study (60 min) and again at 1 week by telephone follow-up; [median] scores were compared between groups by rank-sum. Results: Forty-four patients were recruited; 41 completed the study (21 lidocaine, 20 ketorolac). Initial VAS scores were not significantly different between the lidocaine and ketorolac groups (83; 95% confidence interval [CI]74-98 vs. 79; 95% CI 64-94; p = 0.278). Median VAS scores from baseline to 60 min significantly declined in both groups (lidocaine [8; 95% CI 0-23; p = 0.003]; ketorolac [14; 95% CI 0-28; p = 0.007]), with no significant difference in the degree of reduction between groups (p = 0.835). Rescue medication was required by 67% receiving lidocaine, compared to 50% receiving ketorolac. No significant change in PRS between groups was found at the conclusion or at the follow-up. Conclusion: Intravenous lidocaine failed to clinically alleviate the pain associated with acute radicular low back pain. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tanen, David A.; Danish, D. Chris] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA USA. [Shimada, Mai] Univ Tokyo, Sch Med, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Dos Santos, Frank] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Makela, Martin] Univ Washington, Div Emergency Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Riffenburgh, Robert H.] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA USA. RP Tanen, DA (reprint author), Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 1000 West Carson, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 EI 1090-1280 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 47 IS 1 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.12.014 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA AK5PF UT WOS:000338476500032 PM 24768290 ER PT J AU Lund, B Collins, CO Graber, HC Terrill, E Herbers, THC AF Lund, Bjoern Collins, Clarence O. Graber, Hans C. Terrill, Eric Herbers, Thomas H. C. TI Marine radar ocean wave retrieval's dependency on range and azimuth SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Ocean waves; Shipboard wave measurements; Marine X-band radar; Remote sensing ID MICROWAVE BACKSCATTER; SURFACE CURRENTS; NAUTICAL RADAR; WIND RETRIEVAL; IMAGES; SEA; EQUILIBRIUM; SPECTRUM; SWELL; BUOY AB The strength of the surface wave signal in marine X-band radar (MR) images strongly depends on range and azimuth (i.e., the angle between antenna look and peak wave direction). Traditionally, MR wave analysis is carried out in a set of rectangular windows covering the radar field of view (FOV). The FOV is typically partially obstructed, e.g., due to the coastline or ship superstructures. Especially for ships that are subject to regular course changes, this results in an increased variability or error associated with wave parameters. Using MR measurements from R/P FLIP, acquired off California during the 2010 US Office of Naval Research (ONR) high resolution air-sea interaction (Hi-Res) experiment, this study quantifies the dependency of the radar-based 2D wave spectrum and parameters on range and azimuth. With the help of reference data from a nearby Datawell Waverider buoy, we propose empirical methods to remove the dependency and we illustrate their efficacy. C1 [Lund, Bjoern; Collins, Clarence O.; Graber, Hans C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Terrill, Eric] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Herbers, Thomas H. C.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Lund, B (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM blund@rsmas.miami.edu RI Collins, Clarence/P-7384-2015 OI Collins, Clarence/0000-0003-4553-616X FU US Office of Naval Research [N000140710650, N000140810793, N000140910392, N000141310288] FX This work has been supported by the US Office of Naval Research under grants N000140710650, N000140810793, N000140910392, and N000141310288. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 64 IS 7 BP 999 EP 1018 DI 10.1007/s10236-014-0725-6 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AK3IW UT WOS:000338317800006 ER PT J AU Ajello, M Albert, A Allafort, A Baldini, L Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bellazzini, R Bissaldi, E Bonamente, E Brandt, TJ Bregeon, J Brigida, M Bruel, P Buehler, R Buson, S Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Caraveo, PA Cecchi, C Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chiang, J Chiaro, G Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Cutini, S D'Ammando, F de Palma, F Dermer, CD Desiante, R Digel, SW Silva, EDE Drell, PS Drlica-Wagner, A Favuzzi, C Focke, WB Franckowiak, A Fukazawa, Y Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Germani, S Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grove, JE Guiriec, S Hadasch, D Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Hou, X Hughes, RE Inoue, Y Jackson, MS Jogler, T Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, WN Kamae, T Knodlseder, J Kocevski, D Kuss, M Lande, J Larsson, S Latronico, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Mayer, M Mazziotta, MN McEnery, JE Michelson, PF Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Murphy, R Nakamori, T Nemmen, R Nuss, E Ohno, M Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orienti, M Orlando, E Ormes, JF Paneque, D Panetta, JH Perkins, JS Pesce-Rollins, M Petrosian, V Piron, F Pivato, G Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Roth, M Schulz, A Sgro, C Siskind, EJ Spandre, G Spinelli, P Takahashi, H Thayer, JG Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Tinivella, M Tosti, G Troja, E Usher, TL Vandenbroucke, J Vasileiou, V Vianello, G Vitale, V Werner, M Winer, BL Wood, DL Wood, KS Yang, Z AF Ajello, M. Albert, A. Allafort, A. Baldini, L. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Bonamente, E. Brandt, T. J. Bregeon, J. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Caraveo, P. A. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. D'Ammando, F. de Palma, F. Dermer, C. D. Desiante, R. Digel, S. W. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Drlica-Wagner, A. Favuzzi, C. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guiriec, S. Hadasch, D. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Hou, X. Hughes, R. E. Inoue, Y. Jackson, M. S. Jogler, T. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Knoedlseder, J. Kocevski, D. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McEnery, J. E. Michelson, P. F. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Murphy, R. Nakamori, T. Nemmen, R. Nuss, E. Ohno, M. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Perkins, J. S. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Piron, F. Pivato, G. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Roth, M. Schulz, A. Sgro, C. Siskind, E. J. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Takahashi, H. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Tinivella, M. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Usher, T. L. Vandenbroucke, J. Vasileiou, V. Vianello, G. Vitale, V. Werner, M. Winer, B. L. Wood, D. L. Wood, K. S. Yang, Z. TI IMPULSIVE AND LONG DURATION HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE VERY BRIGHT 2012 MARCH 7 SOLAR FLARES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: flares; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; STOCHASTIC ACCELERATION; X-RAY; VELA PULSAR; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; EGRET; CALIBRATION; PARTICLES; COMPTON; DIRECTIVITY AB The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) detected gamma-rays up to 4 GeV from two bright X-class solar flares on 2012 March 7, showing both an impulsive and temporally extended emission phases. The gamma-rays appear to originate from the same active region as the X-rays associated with these flares. The >100 MeV gamma-ray flux decreases monotonically during the first hour (impulsive phase) followed by a slower decrease for the next 20 hr. A power law with a high-energy exponential cutoff can adequately describe the photon spectrum. Assuming that the gamma rays result from the decay of pions produced by accelerated protons and ions with a power-law spectrum, we find that the index of that spectrum is similar to 3, with minor variations during the impulsive phase. During the extended phase the photon spectrum softens monotonically, requiring the proton index varying from similar to 4 to >5. The >30 MeV proton flux observed by the GOES satellites also shows a flux decrease and spectral softening, but with a harder spectrum (index similar to 2-3). Based on these observations, we explore the relative merits of prompt or continuous acceleration scenarios, hadronic or leptonic emission processes, and acceleration at the solar corona or by the fast coronal mass ejections. We conclude that the most likely scenario is continuous acceleration of protons in the solar corona that penetrate the lower solar atmosphere and produce pions that decay into gamma rays. However, acceleration in the downstream of the shock cannot be definitely ruled out. C1 [Ajello, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Albert, A.; Allafort, A.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Inoue, Y.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Albert, A.; Allafort, A.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Focke, W. B.; Franckowiak, A.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Inoue, Y.; Jogler, T.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocevski, D.; Lande, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Omodei, N.; Orlando, E.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Petrosian, V.; Porter, T. A.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Tibaldo, L.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vianello, G.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Baldini, L.] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Kuss, M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.; Tinivella, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Bissaldi, E.; Desiante, R.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Buson, S.; Chiaro, G.; Pivato, G.; Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bissaldi, E.] Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brandt, T. J.; Guiriec, S.; Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Nemmen, R.; Perkins, J. S.; Thompson, D. J.; Troja, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Palaiseau, France. [Buehler, R.; Mayer, M.; Schulz, A.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Caraveo, P. A.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Ciprini, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Ist Nazl Astrofis Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Nuss, E.; Piron, F.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Larsson, S.; Yang, Z.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.; Jackson, M. S.; Larsson, S.; Yang, Z.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Conrad, J.] Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [D'Ammando, F.; Giroletti, M.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Murphy, R.; Wood, K. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Drlica-Wagner, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Ohno, M.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Grenier, I. A.] CEA IRFU CNRS Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Hadasch, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hadasch, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Werner, M.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hayashida, M.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Hou, X.; Lott, B.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Hughes, R. E.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, M. S.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Johannesson, G.] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Knoedlseder, J.] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Knoedlseder, J.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, GAHEC, Toulouse, France. [Larsson, S.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Latronico, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McEnery, J. E.; Moiseev, A. A.; Troja, E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Moiseev, A. A.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morselli, A.; Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Murgia, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Paneque, D.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Vianello, G.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Wood, D. L.] Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Ajello, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nicola.omodei@stanford.edu; melissa.pesce.rollins@pi.infn.it; vahep@stanford.edu RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nemmen, Rodrigo/O-6841-2014; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Orlando, E/R-5594-2016; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016 OI Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Inoue, Yoshiyuki/0000-0002-7272-1136; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106 NR 56 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 789 IS 1 AR 20 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/789/1/20 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AK0LD UT WOS:000338103400020 ER PT J AU Katushkina, OA Izmodenov, VV Wood, BE McMullin, DR AF Katushkina, O. A. Izmodenov, V. V. Wood, B. E. McMullin, D. R. TI NEUTRAL INTERSTELLAR HELIUM PARAMETERS BASED ON ULYSSES/GAS AND IBEX-LO OBSERVATIONS: WHAT ARE THE REASONS FOR THE DIFFERENCES? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: atoms; Sun: heliosphere ID BOUNDARY-EXPLORER; HELIOSPHERIC INTERFACE; UPDATED ANALYSIS; FLOW PARAMETERS; HYDROGEN-ATOM; SOLAR-SYSTEM; PICKUP IONS; CYCLE 23; IN-SITU; WIND AB Recent analysis of the interstellar helium fluxes measured in 2009-2010 at Earth's orbit by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) has suggested that the interstellar velocity (both direction and magnitude) is inconsistent with that derived previously from Ulysses/GAS observations made in the period from 1990 to 2002 at 1.5-5.5 AU from the Sun. Both results are model dependent, and models that were used in the analyses are different. In this paper, we perform an analysis of the Ulysses/GAS and IBEX-Lo data using our state-of-the-art three-dimensional time-dependent kinetic model of interstellar atoms in the heliosphere. For the first time, we analyze Ulysses/GAS data from year 2007, the closest available Ulysses/GAS observations in time to the IBEX observations. We show that the interstellar velocity derived from the Ulysses 2007 data is consistent with previous Ulysses results and does not agree with the velocity derived from IBEX. This conclusion is very robust since, as is shown in the paper, it does not depend on the ionization rates adopted in theoretical models. We conclude that Ulysses data are not consistent with the new local interstellar medium (LISM) velocity vector from IBEX. In contrast, IBEX data, in principle, could be explained with the LISM velocity vector derived from the Ulysses data. This is possible for the models where the interstellar temperature increased from 6300 K to 9000 K. There is a need to perform further studies of possible reasons for the broadening of the helium signal core measured by IBEX, which could be an instrumental effect or could be due to unconsidered physical processes. C1 [Katushkina, O. A.; Izmodenov, V. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow V71, Russia. [Izmodenov, V. V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Izmodenov, V. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Mech, Moscow, Russia. [Wood, B. E.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McMullin, D. R.] Space Syst Res Corp, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Katushkina, OA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow V71, Russia. EM okat@iki.rssi.ru RI Katushkina, Olga/M-7553-2013; Izmodenov, Vladislav/K-6073-2012 OI Katushkina, Olga/0000-0002-9378-1533; Izmodenov, Vladislav/0000-0002-1748-0982 FU RFBR grant [14-02-00746]; NASA award [NNH13AV19I]; ISSI FX Calculations of helium fluxes and comparison with IBEX data were supported by RFBR grant No. 14-02-00746. O.K. and V.I. would like to thank ISSI for their support of the working team 223. B.W. acknowledges support from NASA award NNH13AV19I to the Naval Research Laboratory. The reported study was performed by means of the Supercomputing Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University (Voevodin et al. 2012). NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 789 IS 1 AR 80 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/789/1/80 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AK0LD UT WOS:000338103400080 ER PT J AU Kirby, CE Kennedy, Q Yang, JH AF Kirby, Christopher E. Kennedy, Quinn Yang, Ji Hyun TI Helicopter Pilot Scan Techniques During Low-Altitude High-Speed Flight SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE visual scan; low level flight; expertise; helicopter ID EXPERTISE; PATTERNS AB Introduction: This study examined pilots' visual scan patterns during a simulated high-speed, low-level flight and how their scan rates related to flight performance. As helicopters become faster and more agile, pilots are expected to navigate at low altitudes while traveling at high speeds. A pilot's ability to interpret information from a combination of visual sources determines not only mission success, but also aircraft and crew survival. Methods: In a fixed-base helicopter simulator modeled after the U.S. Navy's MH-60S, 17 active-duty Navy helicopter pilots with varying total flight times flew and navigated through a simulated southern Californian desert course. Pilots' scan rate and fixation locations were monitored using an eye-tracking system while they flew through the course. Flight parameters, including altitude, were recorded using the simulator's recording system. Results: Experienced pilots with more than 1000 total flight hours better maintained a constant altitude (mean altitude deviation = 48.52 ft, SD = 31.78) than less experienced pilots (mean altitude deviation = 73.03 ft, SD = 10.61) and differed in some aspects of their visual scans. They spent more time looking at the instrument display and less time looking out the window (OTW) than less experienced pilots. Looking OTW was associated with less consistency in maintaining altitude. Discussion: Results may aid training effectiveness specific to helicopter aviation, particularly in high-speed low-level flight conditions. C1 [Kirby, Christopher E.; Kennedy, Quinn; Yang, Ji Hyun] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Yang, JH (reprint author), Kookmin Univ, Dept Automot Engn, 77 Jeongneung Ro, Seoul 136702, South Korea. EM yangjh@kookmin.ac.kr FU Naval Modeling Simulation Office (NMSO) FX This work was funded by the Naval Modeling Simulation Office (NMSO). Professor Rachel Silvestrini reviewed the statistical analysis in this paper and we are very thankful for her efforts. We are also grateful to Mr. Jesse Huston for helping us in calibrating the experimental device. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 85 IS 7 BP 740 EP 744 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3888.2014 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA AJ8YI UT WOS:000337993600008 PM 25022162 ER PT J AU Cusick, KD Widder, EA AF Cusick, Kathleen D. Widder, Edith A. TI Intensity differences in bioluminescent dinoflagellates impact foraging efficiency in a nocturnal predator SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GONYAULAX-POLYEDRA; LINGULODINIUM-POLYEDRUM; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; INGESTION RATES; RED TIDE; LUMINESCENCE; ZOOPLANKTON; YESSOTOXIN; PYROCYSTIS; COPEPOD AB Bioluminescence in dinoflagellates is thought to function as a "burglar alarm," alerting. visual predators to the presence of dinoflagellate grazers. However, many bioluminescent dinoflagellates, particularly those associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs), have a much lower bioluminescence capacity that seems less well-adapted for attracting the attention of distant secondary predators. The present study was motivated by a question regarding the impact of extreme differences in bioluminescence potential among dinoflagellates, particularly those with the capacity to form HABs. This study examined the function of bioluminescence in the bright emitter, Pyrocystis noctiluca (Murray, 1876), compared to the much dimmer HAB species, Lingulodinium polyedrurn F. Stein (Stein 1883). The foraging efficiency of the nocturnal teleost, Apagon maculatus (Poey, 1860), was determined at a range of cell concentrations with both dinoflagellate species. At low cell concentrations of P. noctiluca, both the foraging efficiency and the orientation distance of the fish to the prey increased, indicating that bioluminescence functions as a burglar alarm. However, neither fish foraging efficiency nor orientation distance increased in the presence of luminescent L. polyedrum at low cell concentrations. At higher concentrations, the bioluminescence of L. polyedrum improved the foraging efficiency of the fish, but the orientation distance to the prey was no greater than with non-luminescent cells, indicating that at low cell concentrations, bioluminescence does not function as a burglar alarm in L. polyedrum. The role of bioluminescence as a possible aposematic signal in L. polyedrum is discussed, along with the implications for the role of bioluminescence in HAB dynamics. C1 [Cusick, Kathleen D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Widder, Edith A.] Ocean Res & Conservat Assoc, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Widder, EA (reprint author), Ocean Res & Conservat Assoc, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM ewidder@teamorca.org FU ONR [N00014-00-1-0176] FX We thank S Haddock (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute) for supplying the initial L. polyedrum culture and M Latz for insightful discussions on L. polyedrum physiology and toxicity. Supported in part by ONR Grant N00014-00-1-0176 to EAW and a Sigma Xi Grant-In-Aid to KDC. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 53 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 90 IS 3 BP 797 EP 811 DI 10.5343/bms.2013.1059 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AJ9CG UT WOS:000338003800006 ER PT J AU Marcelot, O Maximenko, SI Magnan, P AF Marcelot, Olivier Maximenko, Sergey I. Magnan, Pierre TI Plan View and Cross-Sectional View EBIC Measurements: Effect of e-Beam Injection Conditions on Extracted Minority Carrier Transport Properties SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Electron-beam-induced current (EBIC); scanning electron microscopy (SEM); semiconductor material measurements ID SURFACE RECOMBINATION VELOCITY; SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; DIFFUSION-LENGTH; LIFETIME; SILICON; SEM AB The application of low-doped epitaxial layers and the increase of complexity of silicon photodiode design require the knowledge of the basic physical parameters, such as minority carrier lifetime or diffusion length, to improve the photodiode performance simulation. In this paper, electron-beam-induced current technique is used to evaluate minority carrier lifetime and diffusion length on a silicon photodiode. Particular focus is to compare plan view and cross-sectional view testing geometry, and also to evaluate artefacts introduced by high injection conditions unavoidable in lifetime measurement. C1 [Marcelot, Olivier; Magnan, Pierre] Univ Toulouse, Inst Super Aeronaut & Espace, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Maximenko, Sergey I.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marcelot, O (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, Inst Super Aeronaut & Espace, F-31055 Toulouse, France. EM olivier.marcelot@isae.fr; sergey.maximenko@nrl.navy.mil; pierre.magnan@isae.fr NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUL PY 2014 VL 61 IS 7 BP 2437 EP 2442 DI 10.1109/TED.2014.2323997 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AJ9JY UT WOS:000338027200030 ER PT J AU Hamilton, L Prak, DL Cowart, J AF Hamilton, Len Prak, Dianne Luning Cowart, Jim TI Predicting the Physical and Chemical Ignition Delays in a Military Diesel Engine Running n-Hexadecane Fuel SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB There are currently numerous efforts to create renewable fuels that have similar properties to conventional diesel fuels. One major future challenge is evaluating how these new fuels will function in older legacy diesel engines. It is desired to have physically based modeling tools that will predict new fuel performance without extensive full scale engine testing. This study evaluates two modeling tools that are used together to predict ignition delay in a military diesel engine running n-hexadecane as a fuel across the engine's speed-load range. AVL-FIRE VR is used to predict the physical delay of the fuel from the start of injection until the formation of a combustible mixture. Then a detailed Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) chemical kinetic mechanism is used to predict the chemical ignition delay. This total model predicted ignition delay is then compared to the experimental engine data. The combined model predicted results show good agreement to that of the experimental data across the engine operating range with the chemical delay being a larger fraction of the total ignition delay. This study shows that predictive tools have the potential to evaluate new fuel combustion performance. C1 [Hamilton, Len; Prak, Dianne Luning; Cowart, Jim] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hamilton, L (reprint author), US Naval Acad, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ljhamilt@usna.edu; prak@usna.edu; cowart@usna.edu OI Luning Prak, Dianne/0000-0002-5589-7287 FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Sharon Beermann-Curtain and the Office of Naval Research for their support of this work. The authors also wish to thank AVL for providing the FIRE simulation code as well as technical support. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2014 VL 136 IS 7 AR 071505 DI 10.1115/1.4026657 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AJ8FS UT WOS:000337938700007 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Herrmann, M Abarzhi, SI AF Velikovich, A. L. Herrmann, M. Abarzhi, S. I. TI Perturbation theory and numerical modelling of weakly and moderately nonlinear dynamics of the incompressible Richtmyer-Meshkov instability SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fingering instability; nonlinear instability; shock waves ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; LEVEL-SET METHOD; QUANTITATIVE THEORY; RAREFACTION WAVE; SHOCK-WAVE; DIFFERENT DENSITIES; GRAVITY-WAVES; GROWTH-RATE; INTERFACE; EVOLUTION AB A study of incompressible two-dimensional (2D) Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) by means of high-order perturbation theory and numerical simulations is reported. Nonlinear corrections to Richtmyer's impulsive formula for the RMI bubble and spike growth rates have been calculated for arbitrary Atwood number and an explicit formula has been obtained for it in the Boussinesq limit. Conditions for early-time acceleration and deceleration of the bubble and the spike have been elucidated. Theoretical time histories of the interface curvature at the bubble and spike tip and the profiles of vertical and horizontal velocities have been calculated and favourably compared to simulation results. In our simulations we have solved 2D unsteady Navier-Stokes equations for immiscible incompressible fluids using the finite volume fractional step flow solver NGA developed by Desjardins et al. (J. Comput. Phys., vol. 227, 2008, pp. 7125-7159) coupled to the level set based interface solver LIT (Herrmann, J. Comput. Phys., vol. 227, 2008, pp. 2674-2706). We study the impact of small amounts of viscosity on the flow dynamics and compare simulation results to theory to discuss the influence of the theory's ideal inviscid flow assumption. C1 [Velikovich, A. L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Herrmann, M.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Abarzhi, S. I.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Abarzhi, S. I.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Velikovich, AL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sasha.velikovich@nrl.navy.mil FU US DOE/NNSA; US NSF FX A.L.V. is grateful to G. Dimonte and G. Hazak for many stimulating discussions. This work was supported by US DOE/NNSA (A.L.V.), and US NSF (S.I.A). NR 111 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 43 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 751 BP 432 EP 479 DI 10.1017/jfm.2014.312 PG 48 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA AJ8AR UT WOS:000337925000020 ER PT J AU Radko, T AF Radko, Timour TI Applicability and failure of the flux-gradient laws in double-diffusive convection SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE convection; double diffusive convection ID STRATIFIED KOLMOGOROV FLOW; SALT FINGERS; THERMOHALINE STAIRCASES; EDDY VISCOSITY; BETA-PLANE; PART 2; DYNAMICS; TURBULENCE; STABILITY; LAYERS AB Double-diffusive flux-gradient laws are commonly used to describe the development of large-scale structures driven by salt fingers - thermohaline staircases, collective instability waves and intrusions. The flux-gradient model assumes that the vertical transport is uniquely determined by the local background temperature and salinity gradients. While flux-gradient laws adequately capture mixing characteristics on scales that greatly exceed those of primary double-diffusive instabilities, their accuracy rapidly deteriorates when the scale separation between primary and secondary instabilities is reduced. This study examines conditions for the breakdown of the flux-gradient laws using a combination of analytical arguments and direct numerical simulations. The applicability (failure) of the flux-gradient laws at large (small) scales is illustrated through the example of layering instability, which results in the spontaneous formation of thermohaline staircases from uniform temperature and salinity gradients. Our inquiry is focused on the properties of the 'point-of-failure' scale (H-pof) at which the vertical transport becomes significantly affected by the non-uniformity of the background stratification. It is hypothesized that Hpof can control some key characteristics of secondary double-diffusive phenomena, such as the thickness of high-gradient interfaces in thermohaline staircases. A more general parametrization of the vertical transport - the flux-gradient-aberrancy law is proposed, which includes the selective damping of relatively short wavelengths that are inadequately represented by the flux-gradient models. The new formulation is free from the unphysical behaviour of the flux-gradient laws at small scales (e.g. the ultraviolet catastrophe) and can be readily implemented in theoretical and large-scale numerical models of double-diffusive convection. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Radko, T (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tradko@nps.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE 1334914, ANT 0944536, OCI-1053575] FX The author thanks Jason Flanagan, Barry Ruddick and the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Support of the National Science Foundation (grants OCE 1334914 and ANT 0944536) is gratefully acknowledged. The computing resources for this project were supplied by the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) programme, which is supported by the National Science Foundation grant number OCI-1053575. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 750 BP 33 EP 72 DI 10.1017/jfm.2014.244 PG 40 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA AJ8AC UT WOS:000337923300006 ER PT J AU Karpenko, M Bhatt, S Bedrossian, N Ross, IM AF Karpenko, Mark Bhatt, Sagar Bedrossian, Nazareth Ross, I. Michael TI Flight Implementation of Shortest-Time Maneuvers for Imaging Satellites SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHODS; RIGID SPACECRAFT; REORIENTATION; CONVERGENCE; ALGORITHM; SYSTEMS AB Shortest-time maneuvers are constrained time-optimal slews that enable spacecraft to be maneuvered more quickly than conventional rotations. Shortest-time maneuvers can increase a spacecraft's imaging capability without any changes to the hardware. Previous studies have shown that, depending upon the spacecraft design, the increased capability can be over 50%. Motivated by such high increases in efficiencies, the first flight demonstration of a shortest-time maneuver was performed on 10 August 2010 onboard NASA's TRACE Space Telescope. To transition this new technology from flight demonstration to standard operational procedures, several qualification thresholds need to be met. This paper demonstrates two of these qualification thresholds: 1) the ability to consistently and reliably generate flight-implementable shortest-time maneuvers on demand, and 2) flight demonstrations over multiple operational scenarios involving minimum-time slewing, attitude hold for point data collection, and transition maneuvers for scanning operations. The key technology for meeting both thresholds is flight-implementable pseudospectral controls. Flight and operational considerations quickly narrow down the plethora of pseudospectral options to the Legendre and Chebyshev techniques. All flight implementations were performed using the spectral algorithm of the Legendre pseudospectral method. C1 [Karpenko, Mark; Ross, I. Michael] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Bhatt, Sagar; Bedrossian, Nazareth] Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Vehicle Dynam & Control Grp, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Karpenko, M (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mkarpenk@nps.edu FU NASA Group Achievement Award FX The authors wish to acknowledge K. Lebsock (NASA Engineering and Safety Center), R. Chen (K & D Research), and T. Correll of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) for their help in explaining the intricacies of the TRACE spacecraft and its attitude control system as well as the tireless assistance of O. Cuevas (GSFC), M. Baugh (GSFC), S. Snell (Computer Sciences Corporation), D. Bradley (Honeywell Technology Solutions), and the outstanding efforts of the flight operations team in the Multi-Mission Operations Center at the GSFC who were instrumental in coordinating the flight experiments. The authors also thank NASA for recognizing this work with the NASA Group Achievement Award. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2014 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1069 EP 1079 DI 10.2514/1.62867 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AJ9GS UT WOS:000338016500003 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Montgomery, MT Marks, FD Smith, RK AF Zhang, Jun A. Montgomery, Michael T. Marks, Frank D., Jr. Smith, Roger K. TI Comments on "Symmetric and Asymmetric Structures of Hurricane Boundary Layer in Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Models and Observations" SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; TROPICAL-CYCLONE INTENSIFICATION; SURFACE EXCHANGE COEFFICIENTS; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; PART II; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; NUMERICAL-MODEL; WIND STRUCTURE; ISABEL 2003 C1 [Zhang, Jun A.; Marks, Frank D., Jr.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80539 Munich, Germany. RP Zhang, JA (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, NOAA, AOML,Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jun.zhang@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2782 EP 2785 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0207.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ7ZF UT WOS:000337920200029 ER PT J AU Bellenoit, H AF Bellenoit, Hayden TI Between qanungos and clerks: the cultural and service worlds of Hindustan's pensmen, c. 1750-18501 SO MODERN ASIAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID INDIA AB This paper argues that our understanding of the transition to colonialism in South Asia can be enriched by examining the formation of revenue collection systems in north India between 1750 and 1850. It examines agrarian revenue systems not through the prism of legalism or landholding patterns, but by looking at the paper and record-based mechanisms by which wealth was actually extracted from India's hinterlands. It also examines the Kayastha pensmen who became an exponentially significant component of an Indo-Muslim revenue administration. They assisted the extension of Mughal revenue collection capabilities as qanungos (registrars) and patwaris (accountants). The intensity of revenue assessment, extraction and collection had increased by the mid 1700s, through the extension of cultivation and assessment by regional Indian kingdoms. The East India Company, in its agrarian revenue settlements in north India, utilized this extant revenue culture to push through savage revenue demands. These Kayastha pensmen thus furnished the 'young' Company with the crucial skills, physical records, and legitimacy to garner the agrarian wealth which would fund Britain's Indian empire. These more regular patterns of paper-oriented administration engendered a process of 'bureaucratization' and the emergence of the modern colonial state. C1 US Naval Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bellenoit, H (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Hist, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bellenoi@usna.edu NR 104 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0026-749X EI 1469-8099 J9 MOD ASIAN STUD JI Mod. Asian Stud. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 48 IS 4 BP 872 EP 910 DI 10.1017/S0026749X13000218 PG 39 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA AJ5XR UT WOS:000337764100002 ER PT J AU Set, E Saez, I Zhu, LS Houser, DE Myung, N Zhong, SF Ebstein, RP Chew, SH Hsu, M AF Set, Eric Saez, Ignacio Zhu, Lusha Houser, Daniel E. Myung, Noah Zhong, Songfa Ebstein, Richard P. Chew, Soo Hong Hsu, Ming TI Dissociable contribution of prefrontal and striatal dopaminergic genes to learning in economic games SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE neuroeconomics; experience-weighted attraction; eigenSNPs ID DECISION-MAKING; HUMAN-BRAIN; BEHAVIOR; REWARD; PREDICTION; REINFORCEMENT; RECEPTORS; HUMANS; SYSTEM AB Game theory describes strategic interactions where success of players' actions depends on those of coplayers. In humans, substantial progress has been made at the neural level in characterizing the dopaminergic and frontostriatal mechanisms mediating such behavior. Here we combined computational modeling of strategic learning with a pathway approach to characterize association of strategic behavior with variations in the dopamine pathway. Specifically, using gene-set analysis, we systematically examined contribution of different dopamine genes to variation in a multistrategy competitive game captured by (i) the degree players anticipate and respond to actions of others (belief learning) and (ii) the speed with which such adaptations take place (learning rate). We found that variation in genes that primarily regulate prefrontal dopamine clearance-catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and two isoforms of monoamine oxidase-modulated degree of belief learning across individuals. In contrast, we did not find significant association for other genes in the dopamine pathway. Furthermore, variation in genes that primarily regulate striatal dopamine function-dopamine transporter and D2 receptors-was significantly associated with the learning rate. We found that this was also the case with COMT, but not for other dopaminergic genes. Together, these findings highlight dissociable roles of frontostriatal systems in strategic learning and support the notion that genetic variation, organized along specific pathways, forms an important source of variation in complex phenotypes such as strategic behavior. C1 [Set, Eric; Saez, Ignacio; Hsu, Ming] Univ Calif Berkeley, Haas Sch Business, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Set, Eric; Saez, Ignacio; Hsu, Ming] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Set, Eric] Univ Illinois, Dept Econ, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zhu, Lusha] Virginia Tech Caril Res Inst, Roanoke, VA 24016 USA. [Houser, Daniel E.] George Mason Univ, Dept Econ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Houser, Daniel E.] George Mason Univ, Interdisciplinary Ctr Econ Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Myung, Noah] Naval Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ebstein, Richard P.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Psychol, Singapore 117570, Singapore. [Zhong, Songfa; Chew, Soo Hong] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Econ, Singapore 117570, Singapore. RP Ebstein, RP (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Psychol, Singapore 117570, Singapore. EM rpebstein@gmail.com; ecscsh@nus.edu.sg; mhsu@haas.berkeley.edu FU National Institute of Mental Health [R01 MH098023]; Ministry of Education, Singapore; AXA Research Fund FX We thank M. Monakhov, T. Rong, and X. Zhang for assistance in data collection. This research was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grant R01 MH098023 (to M. H.), the Ministry of Education, Singapore (S.Z., R. P. E., and S. H. C.), and the AXA Research Fund (R. P. E. and S.H.C.). NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 26 BP 9615 EP 9620 DI 10.1073/pnas.1316259111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK0QG UT WOS:000338118900066 PM 24979760 ER PT J AU Meylemans, HA Quintana, RL Rex, ML Harvey, BG AF Meylemans, Heather A. Quintana, Roxanne L. Rex, Megan L. Harvey, Benjamin G. TI Low-temperature, solvent-free dehydration of cineoles with heterogeneous acid catalysts for the production of high-density biofuels SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biofuel; heterogeneous catalysis; high density fuel; terpenes; deoxygenation ID ALPHA-TERPINEOL; TRANSPORTATION FUELS; BIOMASS; 1,8-CINEOLE; FEEDSTOCKS; CONVERSION; OIL AB BACKGROUND: Oxygenated terpenoids such as 1,4-cineole and1,8-cineole canbemajor components of turpentine andessential oils. These terpenoids can also be produced from sugars via a biosynthetic approach. Catalytic deoxygenation of these substrates has the potential to efficiently generate commercially important chemicals and highdensity fuels for turbine or diesel propulsion. RESULTS: The low-temperature deoxygenation reactions of 1,4-cineole and 1,8-cineole over the heterogeneous acid catalysts Amberlyst-15, Nafion SAC-13, and Montmorillonite K10 have been studied. 1,4-cineole was found to isomerize to terpinene-1-ol followed by dehydration to a mixture primarily composed of alpha- and gamma-terpinene. In a similar manner, 1,8-cineole was found to isomerize to alpha-terpineol followed by dehydration to primarily terpinolene and alpha-terpinene. Amberlyst-15 was the most active catalyst on a mass basis and gave 100% conversion of 1,4-cineole in 24 h at 85 degrees C. Longer reaction times or higher reaction temperatures led to significant conversion of the dehydrated monoterpenes to diterpenes. Similar trends were observed for Nafion SAC-13 and Montmorillonite K10. CONCLUSION: This work provides important mechanistic information regarding the dehydration chemistry of cineoles and shows the potential of heterogeneous acid catalysts to effectively convert oxygenated terpenoids to high density hydrocarbon mixtures with potential uses as renewable diesel fuels. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Meylemans, Heather A.; Quintana, Roxanne L.; Rex, Megan L.; Harvey, Benjamin G.] US Navy, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div NAWCWD, Res Dept,Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harvey, BG (reprint author), US Navy, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div NAWCWD, Res Dept,Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM benjamin.g.harvey@navy.mil FU Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division (NAWCWD) FX The authors would like to thank Michael Garrison and Daniel Zellner for their early contributions to this work. Funding from the Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division (NAWCWD) is greatly appreciated. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-2575 EI 1097-4660 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 89 IS 7 BP 957 EP 962 DI 10.1002/jctb.4390 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA AJ5CF UT WOS:000337697900003 ER PT J AU Clement, V AF Clement, Victoria TI Articulating national identity in Turkmenistan: inventing tradition through myth, cult and language SO NATIONS AND NATIONALISM LA English DT Article DE agency; cult of personality; invented tradition; myth; national identity AB A study of myth, cult, and language as tools of state power, this paper analyzes ways national identity was constructed and articulated in one state. When Turkmenistan became independent in 1991 its first president, Saparmyrat Nyyazow, promoted himself as the savior' of the nation by reconceptualising what it meant to be Turkmen. Myth, public texts and language policy were used to construct this identity. While they were the targets of the state's cultural products, Turkmen citizens contributed to the processes of cultural production. Nyyazow legitimised his authoritarian leadership, first by co-opting Turkmen citizens to support his regime, and then by coercing them as participants in his personality cult. The paper concludes that Nyyazow used the production of culture, invented tradition' in Hobsbawm's sense, to bolster his agenda and further his own power. It also argues that the exaggerated cult of personality Nyyazow cultivated limited his achievements, rather than solidifying them. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Clement, V (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-5078 EI 1469-8129 J9 NATIONS NATL JI Nations Natl. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 20 IS 3 BP 546 EP 562 DI 10.1111/nana.12052 PG 17 WC Ethnic Studies; History; Political Science; Sociology SC Ethnic Studies; History; Government & Law; Sociology GA AJ3YA UT WOS:000337602700008 ER PT J AU Hays, J Sandu, A Sandu, C Hong, D AF Hays, Joe Sandu, Adrian Sandu, Corina Hong, Dennis TI Motion Planning of Uncertain Ordinary Differential Equation Systems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND NONLINEAR DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; MECHANICAL SYSTEMS; NUMERICAL-METHODS; INVERSE PROBLEMS; ROBOT DYNAMICS; OPTIMIZATION; FORMULATION; PREDICTION; ALGORITHM AB This work presents a novel motion planning framework, rooted in nonlinear programming theory, that treats uncertain fully and underactuated dynamical systems described by ordinary differential equations. Uncertainty in multibody dynamical systems comes from various sources, such as system parameters, initial conditions, sensor and actuator noise, and external forcing. Treatment of uncertainty in design is of paramount practical importance because all real-life systems are affected by it, and poor robustness and suboptimal performance result if it is not accounted for in a given design. In this work uncertainties are modeled using generalized polynomial chaos and are solved quantitatively using a least-square collocation method. The computational efficiency of this approach enables the inclusion of uncertainty statistics in the nonlinear programming optimization process. As such, the proposed framework allows the user to pose, and answer, new design questions related to uncertain dynamical systems. Specifically, the new framework is explained in the context of forward, inverse, and hybrid dynamics formulations. The forward dynamics formulation, applicable to both fully and underactuated systems, prescribes deterministic actuator inputs that yield uncertain state trajectories. The inverse dynamics formulation is the dual to that of forward dynamics, and is only applicable to fully actuated systems; deterministic state trajectories are prescribed and yield uncertain actuator inputs. The inverse dynamics formulation is more computationally efficient as it requires only algebraic evaluations and completely avoids numerical integration. Finally, the hybrid dynamics formulation is applicable to underactuated systems where it leverages the benefits of inverse dynamics for actuated joints and forward dynamics for unactuated joints; it prescribes actuated state and unactuated input trajectories that yield uncertain unactuated states and uncertain actuated inputs. The benefits of the ability to quantify uncertainty when planning the motion of multibody dynamic systems are illustrated through several case studies. The resulting designs determine optimal motion plans-subject to deterministic and statistical constraints-for all possible systems within the probability space. C1 [Hays, Joe] US Naval Res Lab, Control Syst Branch, Spacecraft Engn Div, Naval Ctr Space Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sandu, Adrian] Virginia Tech, Sci Computat Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sandu, Corina] Virginia Tech, Adv Vehicle Dynam Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hong, Dennis] Virginia Tech, Robot & Mech Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hays, J (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Control Syst Branch, Spacecraft Engn Div, Naval Ctr Space Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joehays@vt.edu; sandu@cs.vt.edu; csandu@vt.edu; dhong@vt.edu FU Automotive Research Center (ARC), Thrust Area 1 FX This work was partially supported by the Automotive Research Center (ARC), Thrust Area 1. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 17 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1555-1423 EI 1555-1415 J9 J COMPUT NONLIN DYN JI J. Comput. Nonlinear Dyn. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR 031021 DI 10.1115/1.4026994 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA AI7ET UT WOS:000337047100021 ER PT J AU Merkurjev, E Garcia-Cardona, C Bertozzi, AL Flenner, A Percus, AG AF Merkurjev, Ekaterina Garcia-Cardona, Cristina Bertozzi, Andrea L. Flenner, Arjuna Percus, Allon G. TI Diffuse interface methods for multiclass segmentation of high-dimensional data SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Segmentation; Graphs; Ginzburg-Landau functional; MBO scheme; Convex splitting ID MEAN-CURVATURE; CLASSIFICATION; CONVERGENCE; SCHEME; GRAPHS; MOTION AB We present two graph-based algorithms for multiclass segmentation of high-dimensional data, motivated by the binary diffuse interface model. One algorithm generalizes Ginzburg-Landau (GL) functional minimization on graphs to the Gibbs simplex. The other algorithm uses a reduction of GL minimization, based on the Merriman-Bence-Osher scheme for motion by mean curvature. These yield accurate and efficient algorithms for semi-supervised learning. Our algorithms outperform existing methods, including supervised learning approaches, on the benchmark datasets that we used. We refer to Garcia-Cardona (2014) for a more detailed illustration of the methods, as well as different experimental examples. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Merkurjev, Ekaterina; Bertozzi, Andrea L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Garcia-Cardona, Cristina; Percus, Allon G.] Claremont Grad Univ, Inst Math Sci, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Flenner, Arjuna] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Merkurjev, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM kmerkurjev@gmail.com; cristina.cgarcia@gmail.com; bertozzi@math.ucla.edu; allon.percus@cgu.edu RI Bertozzi, Andrea/A-1831-2012 OI Bertozzi, Andrea/0000-0003-0396-7391 FU ONR [N000141210838, N000141210040, N0001413WX20136]; AFOSR MURI [FA9550-10-1-0569]; NSF [DMS-1118971, DMS-0914856]; Keck Foundation; NSF graduate fellowship FX The authors would like to thank Chris Anderson for the code of the procedure of [23]. This work was supported by ONR grants N000141210838, N000141210040, N0001413WX20136, AFOSR MURI grant FA9550-10-1-0569, NSF grants DMS-1118971, DMS-0914856, and the Keck Foundation. Ekaterina Merkurjev is also supported by an NSF graduate fellowship. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-9659 J9 APPL MATH LETT JI Appl. Math. Lett. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 33 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.aml.2014.02.008 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AH9OB UT WOS:000336470600006 ER PT J AU Mandic, I Cindro, V Gorisek, A Kramberger, G Mikuz, M Zavrtanik, M Fadeyev, V Sadrozinski, HFW Christophersen, M Phlips, B AF Mandic, Igor Cindro, Vladimir Gorisek, Andrej Kramberger, Gregor Mikuz, Marko Zavrtanik, Marko Fadeyev, Vitaliy Sadrozinski, Hartmut F. -W. Christophersen, Marc Phlips, Bernard TI TCT measurements with slim edge strip detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Micro-strip silicon detectors; Radiation hardness; Edge-TCT; Scribing; Cleaving; Passivation ID SILICON DETECTORS; SENSORS AB Transient current technique (TCT) measurements with focused laser light on miniature silicon strip detectors (n(+)-type strips on p-type bulk) with one inactive edge thinned to about 100 mu m using the Scribe-Cleave-Passivate (SCP) method are presented. Pulses of focused IR (lambda = 1064 nm) laser light were directed to the surface of the detector and charge collection properties near the slim edge were investigated. Measurements before and after irradiation with reactor neutrons up to 1 MeV equivalent fluence of 1.5 x 10(15) n(eq)/cm(2) showed that SCP thinning of detector edge does not influence its charge collection properties. TCT measurements were done also with focused red laser beam (lambda = 640 nm) directed to the SCP processed side of the detector. The absorption length of red light in silicon is about 3 mu m so with this measurement information about the electric field at the edge can be obtained. Observations of laser induced signals indicate that the electric field distribution along the depth of the detector at the detector edge is different than in the detector bulk: electric field is higher near the strip side and lower at the back side. This is a consequence of negative surface charge caused by passivation of the cleaved edge with Al2O3. The difference between bulk and edge electric field distributions gets smaller after irradiation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mandic, Igor; Cindro, Vladimir; Gorisek, Andrej; Kramberger, Gregor; Mikuz, Marko; Zavrtanik, Marko] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Mikuz, Marko] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math & Phys, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Fadeyev, Vitaliy; Sadrozinski, Hartmut F. -W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, SCIPP, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Christophersen, Marc; Phlips, Bernard] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mandic, I (reprint author), Jozef Stefan Inst, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM igor.mandic@ijs.si RI Christophersen, Marc/B-6795-2008 FU European Commission [262025]; Office of Naval Research (ONR); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER41286] FX The authors would like to thank the crew at the TRIGA reactor in Ljubljana for help with irradiation of detectors. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission under the FP7 Research Infrastructures project AIDA, grant agreement no. 262025. We would like to thank the Institute for Nanoscience (NSI) at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the NSI staff. The work done at NRL was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). The work at SCIPP was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-04ER41286. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 751 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2014.03.026 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA AG0WD UT WOS:000335135500008 ER PT J AU Yelash, L Muller, A Lukacova-Medvid'ova, M Giraldo, FX Wirth, V AF Yelash, L. Mueller, A. Lukacova-Medvid'ova, M. Giraldo, F. X. Wirth, V. TI Adaptive discontinuous evolution Galerkin method for dry atmospheric flow SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Dry atmospheric convection; Steady states; Systems of hyperbolic balance laws; Euler equations; Large time step; Semi-implicit approximation; Evolution Galerkin schemes ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; SHALLOW-WATER MODEL; HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS; SEMIIMPLICIT FORMULATION; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; COMPRESSIBLE FLOW; EULER EQUATIONS; SIMULATION; SCHEME AB We present a new adaptive genuinely multidimensional method within the framework of the discontinuous Galerkin method. The discontinuous evolution Galerkin (DEG) method couples a discontinuous Galerkin formulation with approximate evolution operators. The latter are constructed using the bicharacteristics of multidimensional hyperbolic systems, such that all of the infinitely many directions of wave propagation are considered explicitly. In order to take into account multiscale phenomena that typically appear in atmospheric flows, nonlinear fluxes are split into a linear part governing the acoustic and gravitational waves and a nonlinear part that models advection. Time integration is realized by the IMEX type approximation using the semi-implicit second-order backward differentiation formula (BDF2). Moreover in order to approximate efficiently small scale phenomena, adaptive mesh refinement using the space filling curves via the AMATOS function library is employed. Four standard meteorological test cases are used to validate the new discontinuous evolution Galerkin method for dry atmospheric convection. Comparisons with the Rusanov flux, a standard one-dimensional approximate Riemann solver used for the flux integration, demonstrate better stability and accuracy, as well as the reliability of the new multidimensional DEG method. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yelash, L.; Lukacova-Medvid'ova, M.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Math, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Mueller, A.; Giraldo, F. X.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Wirth, V.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55127 Mainz, Germany. RP Yelash, L (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Math, Staudingerweg 9, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. EM yelash@uni-mainz.de; amueller@anmr.de; lukacova@uni-mainz.de; fxgirld@nps.edu; vwirth@uni-mainz.de FU German Research Foundation DFG [LU 1470/2-2, LU 1470/2-3]; priority program MetStrom [SPP 1276]; Center of Computational Sciences in Mainz; National Science Foundation [1216700]; ONR [PE-0602435N] FX This research has been supported by the German Research Foundation DFG under the grants LU 1470/2-2, LU 1470/2-3 and the priority program MetStrom (SPP 1276). M.L., V.W. and L.Y. further acknowledge the support of the Center of Computational Sciences in Mainz. A.M. and F.X.G. gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation through grant number 1216700 and ONR grant PE-0602435N. M.L. and L.Y. would like to thank G. Bispen (Mainz) for fruitful discussions on the topic. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2014 VL 268 BP 106 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2014.02.034 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA AF3BP UT WOS:000334586800007 ER PT J AU Jalobeanu, A Goncalves, G AF Jalobeanu, Andre Goncalves, Gil TI Robust Ground Peak Extraction With Range Error Estimation Using Full-Waveform LiDAR SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Error analysis; gaussian distributions; laser radar; peak detectors; robustness; uncertainty ID DECOMPOSITION; PARAMETERS AB Topographic mapping is one of the main applications of airborne LiDAR. Waveform digitization and processing allow for both improved accuracy and higher ground detection rate compared with discrete return systems. Nevertheless, the quality of the ground peak estimation, based on last return extraction, strongly depends on the algorithm used. Best performing methods are too computationally intensive to be used on large data sets. We used Bayesian inference to develop a new ground extraction method whose most original feature is predictive uncertainty computation. It is also fast and robust to ringing and peak overlaps. Obtaining consistent ranging uncertainties is essential for determining the spatial distribution of error on the final product, point cloud, or digital elevation model. The robustness is achieved by a partial deconvolution followed by a Bayesian Gaussian function regression on optimally truncated data, which helps reduce the impact of overlapping peaks from low vegetation. Results from real data are presented, and the gain with respect to classical Gaussian peak fitting is assessed and illustrated. C1 [Jalobeanu, Andre] Univ Texas Austin, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. [Jalobeanu, Andre] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Goncalves, Gil] Univ Coimbra, P-3004531 Coimbra, Portugal. [Goncalves, Gil] INESC, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. RP Jalobeanu, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. EM andre.jalobeanu@gmail.com OI Goncalves, Gil/0000-0002-1746-0367 FU Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal; FEDER [PTDC/EIA-CCO/102669/2008 FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-010039] FX This work was supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal, in the framework of the AutoProbaDTM research project, with co-funding by FEDER (PTDC/EIA-CCO/102669/2008 FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-010039). NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 55 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2014 VL 11 IS 7 BP 1190 EP 1194 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2288152 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AD2VN UT WOS:000333094000004 ER PT J AU Abell, J Kim, CS Bewley, WW Merritt, CD Canedy, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Kim, M AF Abell, J. Kim, C. S. Bewley, W. W. Merritt, C. D. Canedy, C. L. Vurgaftman, I. Meyer, J. R. Kim, M. TI Mid-infrared interband cascade light emitting devices with milliwatt output powers at room temperature SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; SPECTRAL RANGE; LASERS; PERFORMANCE; DIODES; ARRAY; LEDS AB We demonstrate incoherent light emission peaked at lambda = 3.3 mu m from a 15-stage interband cascade active region. The interband cascade light emitting devices with mesa diameters ranging from 50 to 400 mu m were mounted epitaxial-side-down, and light was extracted from the substrate side. At an applied bias of 8.7V and injection current of 0.6 A, and without any measures taken to improve the poor out-coupling efficiency caused by total internal reflection, a 400-mu m-diameter device produced 1.6 mW of continuous-wave output power at T = 25 degrees C. Mesas with smaller diameters displayed emission intensities as high as 1.7 W/cm(2). (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Abell, J.; Kim, C. S.; Bewley, W. W.; Merritt, C. D.; Canedy, C. L.; Vurgaftman, I.; Meyer, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kim, M.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM MWIR_lasers@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 30 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 26 AR 261103 DI 10.1063/1.4886394 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AL4PE UT WOS:000339114100003 ER PT J AU Bradford, SF AF Bradford, Scott F. TI A mode split, Godunov-type model for nonhydrostatic, free surface flow SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes; finite volume; free surface; breaking waves; surf zone ID BREAKING WAVES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ZONE; TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS; FLUID; PROPAGATION; CIRCULATION; EQUATIONS; SCHEME AB A previously developed model for nonhydrostatic, free surface flow is redesigned to improve computational efficiency without sacrificing accuracy. Both models solve the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations in a fractional step manner with the pressure split into hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic components. The hydrostatic equations are first solved with an approximate Riemann solver. The hydrostatic solution is then corrected by including the nonhydrostatic pressure and requiring the velocity field to obey the incompressibility constraint. The original model requires the solution of a Riemann problem at every cell face for each vertical layer of cells, which is computationally expensive. The redesigned model instead solves the shallow water (long wave) equations for the hydrostatic solution. Vertical shear is computed by subtracting the shallow water equations from the full three dimensional equations, which removes the hydrostatic thrust terms. Therefore, the required fluxes may be more efficiently computed with velocity based upwind differencing rather than solving a Riemann problem in each vertical layer of cells. This approach is termed mode splitting and has been used in hydrostatic coastal and ocean circulation models, but not surf zone models. Numerical predictions are compared with analytical solutions and experimental data to show that the mode split model is as accurate as the original model, but requires significantly less computational effort especially for large numbers of cell layers. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 Naval Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bradford, SF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Code 7261, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Scott.Bradford@nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 EI 1097-0363 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JUN 30 PY 2014 VL 75 IS 6 BP 426 EP 445 DI 10.1002/fld.3901 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA AG6EO UT WOS:000335511700003 ER PT J AU Cao, X Li, T Peng, M Chen, W Chen, GH AF Cao, Xi Li, Tim Peng, Melinda Chen, Wen Chen, Guanghua TI Effects of monsoon trough interannual variation on tropical cyclogenesis over the western North Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUMMER INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; PART I; NONDEVELOPING DISTURBANCES; ENSO; GENESIS AB The western North Pacific monsoon trough (MT) exhibits marked interannual variation (IAV) associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation forcing. The role of MT IAV in tropical cyclone (TC) development was investigated using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model placed on a beta plane. It was found that MT IAV has a great influence on vortex development. In strong years, the MT provides more favorable environmental conditions-primarily through enhanced low-level vorticity, convergence and midlevel moisture-for TC formation and vice versa in weak years. Sensitivity experiments that separated the dynamic and thermodynamic (moisture) factors from strong MT IAV showed that the thermodynamic impact associated with MT IAV is comparable to the dynamic impact. C1 [Cao, Xi; Chen, Wen; Chen, Guanghua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Ctr Monsoon Syst Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Cao, Xi; Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Cao, Xi; Li, Tim] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Cao, Xi] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Peng, Melinda] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM timli@hawaii.edu RI Chen, Wen/G-6058-2011 OI Chen, Wen/0000-0001-9327-9079 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-1210450]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1106536]; International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) - Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275001] FX The author X. C. would like to thank Baoqiang Xiang for his discussion. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (grant N00014-1210450), the National Science Foundation (grant AGS-1106536), and the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC), which is sponsored by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). This is SOEST contribution number 9130 and IPRC contribution number 1062. W. C. and G. H. C. were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 41275001). The observation data are from NCEP and NOAA. The simulation data are obtained from the WRF model (version 3.3). NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 12 BP 4332 EP 4339 DI 10.1002/2014GL060307 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AN0SM UT WOS:000340294300030 ER PT J AU Cox, ND Rossi, JE Cress, CD Merrill, A Crompton, KR Landi, BJ AF Cox, Nathanael D. Rossi, Jamie E. Cress, Cory D. Merrill, Andrew Crompton, Kyle R. Landi, Brian J. TI Spatially Selective Au Nanoparticle Deposition and Raman Analysis of Ion-Irradiated Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; GATE DIELECTRICS; DEFECTS; NETWORKS; ELECTRODEPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPARENT AB Electroless deposition of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) onto ion-irradiated single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) represents a selective method to spatially profile defects by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). High purity SWCNT papers were irradiated with 150 keV B-11(+) and subsequently exposed to 0.01 M KAuBr4(aq) to nucleate Au-NPs. Based on statistical image analysis, a 30 s KAuBr4(aq) exposure is sufficient to indicate the presence of defects by Au-NP nucleation, resulting in particle radii of similar to 14 nm and minimal coalescence. A decrease in interparticle distance along individual SWCNT bundles and an increase in Au-NP areal density from 3 to 58 Au-NPs/mu m(2) are measured over the fluence range of 1 x 10(13)-1 x 10(15)/cm(2), respectively. Raman analysis shows that the G'-band peak position progressively downshifts for the SWCNTs due to ion irradiation, whereas purified SWCNTs exhibit an upshift from charge transfer with KAuBr4(aq). A strong correlation between the Au-NP areal density from SEM and the relative ratios for the Raman D and G' peaks confirms the method is directly monitoring ion irradiation-induced structural damage. Overall, the procedure provides a rapid assessment of SWCNT defect density based on microscopy analysis and shows that SWCNTs can be used as a fluence-based dosimeter or adequate support for controlled NP deposition. C1 [Cox, Nathanael D.; Rossi, Jamie E.; Merrill, Andrew; Crompton, Kyle R.; Landi, Brian J.] Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Cox, Nathanael D.; Crompton, Kyle R.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Microsyst Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Cress, Cory D.] US Naval Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Landi, Brian J.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Landi, BJ (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM brian.landi@rit.edu RI Cox, Nathanael/A-2564-2017; OI Cox, Nathanael/0000-0003-0843-9141; Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU U.S. Government; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA-1-10-1-0122]; RIT Microsystems Engineering PhD program; Office of Naval Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the U.S. Government and through the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under Grant HDTRA-1-10-1-0122. K. Crompton acknowledges graduate student funding from the RIT Microsystems Engineering PhD program. C. Cress acknowledges funding from the Office of Naval Research. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 26 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 25 BP 14031 EP 14038 DI 10.1021/jp503828x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AK1OL UT WOS:000338184300084 ER PT J AU Feldman, JL Singh, DJ Bernstein, N AF Feldman, J. L. Singh, D. J. Bernstein, N. TI Lattice-dynamical model for the filled skutterudite LaFe4Sb12: Harmonic and anharmonic couplings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; CRYSTALS AB The filled skutterudite LaFe4Sb12 shows greatly reduced thermal conductivity compared to that of the related unfilled compound CoSb3, although the microscopic reasons for this are unclear. We calculate harmonic and anharmonic force constants for the interaction of the La filler atom with the framework atoms. We find that force constants show a general trend of decaying rapidly with distance and are very small for the interaction of the La with its next-nearest-neighbor Sb and nearest-neighbor La. However, a few rather long-range interactions, such as with the next-nearest-neighbor La and with the third neighbor Sb, are surprisingly strong, although still small. We test the central-force approximation and find significant deviations from it. Using our force constants we calculate a bare La mode Gruneisen parameter and find a value of 3-4, substantially higher than values associated with cage atom anharmonicity, i.e., a value of about 1 for CoSb3 but much smaller than a previous estimate [Bernstein et al., Phys. Rev. B 81, 134301 (2010)]. This latter difference is primarily due to the previously used overestimate of the La-Fe cubic force constants. We also find a substantial negative contribution to this bare La Gruneisen parameter from the aforementioned third-neighbor La-Sb interaction. Our results underscore the need for rather long-range interactions in describing the role of anharmonicity on the dynamics in this material. C1 [Feldman, J. L.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Feldman, J. L.; Bernstein, N.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Singh, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Feldman, JL (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research program; DOE, BES through the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division FX Work at NRL was supported by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's basic research program. Work at ORNL was supported by the DOE, BES through the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. Helpful suggestions by Dr. Russell Hemley and Dr. Andrew Shabaev are greatly appreciated. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 26 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 22 AR 224304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.224304 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AK2XC UT WOS:000338282500003 ER PT J AU Smith, OL Kim, Y Kathaperumal, M Gadinski, MR Pan, MJ Wang, Q Perry, JW AF Smith, O'Neil L. Kim, Yunsang Kathaperumal, Mohanalingam Gadinski, Matthew R. Pan, Ming-Jen Wang, Qing Perry, Joseph W. TI Enhanced Permittivity and Energy Density in Neat Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) Terpolymer Films through Control of Morphology SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE dielectric; terpolymer; capacitor; high permittivity; energy density ID FERROELECTRIC POLYMERS; BETA-PHASE; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; FLUORIDE) FILMS; THIN-FILMS; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE; COPOLYMER; TRANSITIONS; CAPACITORS AB Polymer materials with large dielectric constants are desirable for the development of high energy density capacitors. We show that the dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)] can be improved by the use of processing conditions that favor formation of a highly crystalline morphology of the nonpolar alpha-phase. Through the use of spin coating, thermal treatment above the melting temperature, and quenching, we were able to attain a highly crystalline, alpha-phase rich morphology that has a quite large dielectric constant of 77 +/- 10 at 1 kHz. The final morphology and phase composition of the terpolymer films depend strongly on the postprocessing thermal treatment and the quality of the solvent. Evaluation of the polarization behavior of the terpolymer films as a function of electric field reveal that the polymer exhibits a relaxor-ferroelectric behavior and has a substantial energy density of 9.7 J/cm(3) at fields of up to approximately 470 V/mu m. Under millisecond pulsed charge discharge measurements a 3-fold increase in energy density (27 J/cm(3)) is obtained at high fields (similar to 600 V/mu m). Our study demonstrates that the processing conditions and morphology of fluorinated terpolymer films are controlling factors for achievement of high dielectric permittivity and energy density that are critical for high performance capacitors. C1 [Smith, O'Neil L.; Kathaperumal, Mohanalingam; Perry, Joseph W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Smith, O'Neil L.; Kim, Yunsang; Kathaperumal, Mohanalingam; Perry, Joseph W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kim, Yunsang] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Pan, Ming-Jen] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gadinski, Matthew R.; Wang, Qing] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Perry, JW (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM joe.perry@gatech.edu RI Wang, Qing/B-5034-2015 FU Office of Naval Research [N000141110462]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0555]; Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (Grant No.: N000141110462, Capacitor Program) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-10-1-0555, BioPAINTS MURI). The authors thank Prof. Kippelen for use of instruments in his lab. O'N.L.S. and Y.K. thank the Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics for COPE Fellowships. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 15 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUN 25 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 12 BP 9584 EP 9589 DI 10.1021/am501968q PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AK1ON UT WOS:000338184500082 PM 24873348 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R. Roland, C. M. TI Effect of Regioisomerism on the Local Dynamics of Polychlorostyrene SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION; SECONDARY RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; BETA-RELAXATION; EPOXY-RESIN; FORMERS; LIQUIDS; DEPENDENCE; MOLECULES AB Relaxation properties of three isomers of atactic polychlorostyrene, having the chlorine atom in the ortho, meta, and para positions (P2CS, P3CS, and P4CS, respectively), were measured by mechanical and dielectric spectroscopies and modulated scanning calorimetry. For the alpha relaxation, the more spatially extended pendant group in P4CS gives rise to steric constraints on the segmental dynamics that cause both the temperature dependence of its relaxation time (i.e., the fragility) and the number of dynamically correlated segments to be largest. For the secondary beta-relaxation in P4CS, the chlorophenyl moiety can rotate (spin) without involving the backbone; that is, the motion involves internal degrees of freedom. Consequently, this secondary relaxation is high in frequency and has a weak relaxation strength, especially as measured dielectrically. On the other hand, the pendant group in P2CS cannot reorient without adjustments in position of the backbone segments, causing its beta relaxation strength measured mechanically to be the largest. Since all atoms in the repeat unit for P2CS participate in the secondary dynamics, it is classifed as a Johari-Goldstein (JG) process. As generally found for JG relaxations, the behavior of the beta relaxation in P2CS is affected by the density changes accompanying physical aging. C1 [Casalini, R.; Roland, C. M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM riccardo.casalini@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 24 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 12 BP 4087 EP 4093 DI 10.1021/ma5008495 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AK0FX UT WOS:000338089400036 ER PT J AU Patel, M Romero-Steiner, S Broderick, MP Thomas, CG Plikaytis, BD Schmidt, DS Johnson, SE Milton, AS Carlone, GM Clark, TA Messonnier, NE Cohn, AC Faix, DJ AF Patel, Manisha Romero-Steiner, Sandra Broderick, Michael P. Thomas, Cynthia G. Plikaytis, Brian D. Schmidt, Daniel S. Johnson, Scott E. Milton, Andrea S. Carlone, George M. Clark, Thomas A. Messonnier, Nancy E. Cohn, Amanda C. Faix, Dennis J. TI Persistence of serogroup C antibody responses following quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccination in United States military personnel SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Meningococcal vaccine; Conjugate; Polysaccharide; Antibody persistence ID SERUM BACTERICIDAL ASSAYS; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; HEALTHY ADOLESCENTS; DISEASE; SURVEILLANCE; IMMUNIZATION; EFFICACY; ENGLAND; W-135 AB Serogroup C meningococcal (MenC) disease accounts for one-third of all meningococcal cases and causes meningococcal outbreaks in the U.S. Quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (MenACYW(D)) was recommended in 2005 for adolescents and high risk groups such as military recruits. We evaluated anti-MenC antibody persistence in U.S. military personnel vaccinated with either MenACYWD or meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4). Twelve hundred subjects vaccinated with MenACYW(D) from 2006 to 2008 or MPSV4 from 2002 to 2004 were randomly selected from the Defense Medical Surveillance System. Baseline serologic responses to MenC were assessed in all subjects; 100 subjects per vaccine group were tested during one of the following six post-vaccination time-points: 5-7, 11-13, 17-19, 23-25, 29-31, or 35-37 months. Anti-MenC geometric mean titers (GMT) were measured by rabbit complement serum bactericidal assay (rSBA) and geometric mean concentrations (GMC) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Continuous variables were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and the proportion of subjects with an rSBA titer >= 8 by chi-square. Pre-vaccination rSBA GMT was <8 for the MenACWY(D) group. rSBA GMT increased to 703 at 5-7 months post-vaccination and decreased by 94% to 43 at 3 years post-vaccination. GMT was significantly lower in the MenACWY(D) group at 5-7 months post-vaccination compared to the MPSV4 group. The percentage of MenACWY(D) recipients achieving an rSBA titer of >= 8 decreased from 87% at 5-7 months to 54% at 3 years. There were no significant differences between vaccine groups in the proportion of subjects with a titer of >= 8 at any time-point. GMC for the MenACWYD group was 0.14 mu g/mL at baseline, 1.07 mu g/mL at 5-7 months, and 0.66 mu g/mL at 3 years, and significantly lower than the MPSV4 group at all time-points. Anti-MenC responses wane following vaccination with MenACYW(D); a booster dose is needed to maintain protective levels of circulating antibody. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Patel, Manisha; Romero-Steiner, Sandra; Thomas, Cynthia G.; Plikaytis, Brian D.; Schmidt, Daniel S.; Johnson, Scott E.; Milton, Andrea S.; Carlone, George M.; Clark, Thomas A.; Messonnier, Nancy E.; Cohn, Amanda C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Romero-Steiner, Sandra] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Sci & Publ Hlth Practice, Off Publ Hlth Preparedness & Response, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Broderick, Michael P.; Faix, Dennis J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Patel, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dvn4@cdc.gov OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 FU Military Vaccine Agency (MILVAX); Military Infectious Diseases Research Program (MIDRP) [W911QY-08-D-022] FX We thank Doug Avery, for assistance with quality assurance of serum bactericidal assays, and Julianne Nielsen of the Naval Health Research Center who performed confirmatory assays. We are grateful to the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center and the Department of Defense Serum Repository for providing the specimens and respective data. The views expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the US Government. Approved for public releases; distribution is unlimited. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research. This work was performed with institutional support provided by the Military Vaccine Agency (MILVAX), Military Infectious Diseases Research Program (MIDRP), contract #W911QY-08-D-022. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 24 PY 2014 VL 32 IS 30 BP 3805 EP 3809 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.001 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA AK4PE UT WOS:000338405800013 PM 24837781 ER PT J AU Watnik, AT Lebow, PS AF Watnik, Abbie T. Lebow, Paul S. TI Limits of bootstrapping in a weak-signal holographic conjugator SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE AB We explore the effect of noise on the energy convergence for extremely weak signals in the object field of a holographic experiment. The impact of noise for the energy-on-target in the iterative, bootstrapping process of a holographic phase conjugator system is theoretically derived to obtain a recursive analytical solution. Theoretical results are compared with numerical simulations for a weak-signal holographic conjugator. C1 [Watnik, Abbie T.; Lebow, Paul S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Watnik, AT (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5662,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM code5662@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 18 BP 3841 EP 3847 DI 10.1364/AO.53.003841 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA AK5CV UT WOS:000338442800003 PM 24979413 ER PT J AU Caspi, A McTiernan, JM Warren, HP AF Caspi, Amir McTiernan, James M. Warren, Harry P. TI CONSTRAINING SOLAR FLARE DIFFERENTIAL EMISSION MEASURES WITH EVE AND RHESSI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; plasmas; radiation mechanisms: thermal; Sun: flares; Sun: UV radiation; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID X-RAY MEASUREMENTS; ATOMIC DATABASE; TEMPERATURES; CHIANTI; PLASMA; RECONNECTION; DIAGNOSTICS; ASTRONOMY; SPECTRA; ORIGIN AB Deriving a well-constrained differential emission measure (DEM) distribution for solar flares has historically been difficult, primarily because no single instrument is sensitive to the full range of coronal temperatures observed in flares, from less than or similar to 2 to greater than or similar to 50 MK. We present a new technique, combining extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectra from the EUV Variability Experiment (EVE) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory with X-ray spectra from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), to derive, for the first time, a self-consistent, well-constrained DEM for jointly observed solar flares. EVE is sensitive to similar to 2-25 MK thermal plasma emission, and RHESSI to greater than or similar to 10 MK; together, the two instruments cover the full range of flare coronal plasma temperatures. We have validated the new technique on artificial test data, and apply it to two X-class flares from solar cycle 24 to determine the flare DEM and its temporal evolution; the constraints on the thermal emission derived from the EVE data also constrain the low energy cutoff of the non-thermal electrons, a crucial parameter for flare energetics. The DEM analysis can also be used to predict the soft X-ray flux in the poorly observed similar to 0.4-5 nm range, with important applications for geospace science. C1 [Caspi, Amir] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [McTiernan, James M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Warren, Harry P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Caspi, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. OI Caspi, Amir/0000-0001-8702-8273; Warren, Harry/0000-0001-6102-6851 FU NASA [NNX12AH48G, NAS5-02140, NAS5-98033] FX This work was supported by NASA grant NNX12AH48G. A. Caspi and H. Warren were also supported by NASA contract NAS5-02140, and J. McTiernan by NASA contract NAS5-98033. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 20 PY 2014 VL 788 IS 2 AR L31 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/788/2/L31 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AK5YX UT WOS:000338504500012 ER PT J AU Obenberger, KS Taylor, GB Hartman, JM Dowell, J Ellingson, SW Helmboldt, JF Henning, PA Kavic, M Schinzel, FK Simonetti, JH Stovall, K Wilson, TL AF Obenberger, K. S. Taylor, G. B. Hartman, J. M. Dowell, J. Ellingson, S. W. Helmboldt, J. F. Henning, P. A. Kavic, M. Schinzel, F. K. Simonetti, J. H. Stovall, K. Wilson, T. L. TI DETECTION OF RADIO EMISSION FROM FIREBALLS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE meteorites; meteors; meteoroids ID ORIGIN; BURST AB We present the findings from the Prototype All-Sky Imager, a back end correlator of the first station of the Long Wavelength Array, which has recorded over 11,000 hr of all-sky images at frequencies between 25 and 75 MHz. In a search of this data for radio transients, we have found 49 long-duration (10 s of seconds) transients. Ten of these transients correlate both spatially and temporally with large meteors (fireballs), and their signatures suggest that fireballs emit a previously undiscovered low frequency, non-thermal pulse. This emission provides a new probe into the physics of meteors and identifies a new form of naturally occurring radio transient foreground. C1 [Obenberger, K. S.; Taylor, G. B.; Dowell, J.; Henning, P. A.; Schinzel, F. K.; Stovall, K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hartman, J. M.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ellingson, S. W.] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Helmboldt, J. F.; Wilson, T. L.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kavic, M.] Long Isl Univ, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Simonetti, J. H.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Obenberger, KS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Helmboldt, Joseph/C-8105-2012 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-C-0147]; National Science Foundation [AST-1139963, AST-1139974] FX Construction of LWA1 has been supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-07-C-0147. Support for operations and continuing development of LWA1 is provided by the National Science Foundation under grants AST-1139963 and AST-1139974 of the University Radio Observatory program. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 20 PY 2014 VL 788 IS 2 AR L26 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/788/2/L26 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AK5YX UT WOS:000338504500007 ER PT J AU Strader, J Chomiuk, L Sonbas, E Sokolovsky, K Sand, DJ Moskvitin, AS Cheung, CC AF Strader, Jay Chomiuk, Laura Sonbas, Eda Sokolovsky, Kirill Sand, David J. Moskvitin, Alexander S. Cheung, C. C. TI 1FGL J0523.5-2529: A NEW PROBABLE GAMMA-RAY PULSAR BINARY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE binaries: spectroscopic; gamma rays: general; pulsars: general; X-rays: general ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; MILLISECOND PULSAR; X-RAY; SOURCE CATALOG; DISCOVERY; J1311.7-3429; SYSTEMS; STARS AB We report optical photometric and Southern Astrophysical Research spectroscopic observations of an X-ray source found within the localization error of the Fermi Large Area Telescope unidentified gamma-ray source 1FGL J0523.5-2529. The optical data show periodic flux modulation and radial velocity variations indicative of a binary with a 16.5 hr period. The data suggest a massive non-degenerate secondary (greater than or similar to 0.8 M-circle dot), and we argue the source is likely a pulsar binary. The radial velocities have good phase coverage and show evidence for a measurable eccentricity (e = 0.04). There is no clear sign of irradiation of the secondary in either photometry or spectroscopy. The spatial location out of the Galactic plane and gamma-ray luminosity of the source are more consistent with classification as a recycled millisecond pulsar than as a young pulsar. Future radio timing observations can confirm the identity of the primary and further characterize this interesting system. C1 [Strader, Jay; Chomiuk, Laura] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Sonbas, Eda] Adiyaman Univ, Dept Phys, TR-02040 Adiyaman, Turkey. [Sokolovsky, Kirill] Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Moscow 117810, Russia. [Sokolovsky, Kirill] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Sand, David J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Moskvitin, Alexander S.] Russian Acad Sci, Special Astrophys Observ, Nizhnii Arkhyz 369167, Russia. [Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strader, J (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Sokolovsky, Kirill/D-2246-2015 OI Sokolovsky, Kirill/0000-0001-5991-6863 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG05GF22G]; U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0909182]; NASA DPR [S-15633-Y] FX The CSS survey is funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNG05GF22G issued through the Science Mission Directorate Near-Earth Objects Observations Program.; The CRTS survey is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants AST-0909182. Work by C. C. C. at NRL is supported in part by NASA DPR S-15633-Y. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 20 PY 2014 VL 788 IS 2 AR L27 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/788/2/L27 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AK5YX UT WOS:000338504500008 ER PT J AU Hada, K Giroletti, M Kino, M Giovannini, G D'Ammando, F Cheung, CC Beilicke, M Nagai, H Doi, A Akiyama, K Honma, M Niinuma, K Casadio, C Orienti, M Krawczynski, H Gomez, JL Sawada-Satoh, S Koyama, S Cesarini, A Nakahara, S Gurwell, MA AF Hada, K. Giroletti, M. Kino, M. Giovannini, G. D'Ammando, F. Cheung, C. C. Beilicke, M. Nagai, H. Doi, A. Akiyama, K. Honma, M. Niinuma, K. Casadio, C. Orienti, M. Krawczynski, H. Gomez, J. L. Sawada-Satoh, S. Koyama, S. Cesarini, A. Nakahara, S. Gurwell, M. A. TI A STRONG RADIO BRIGHTENING AT THE JET BASE OF M 87 DURING THE ELEVATED VERY HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY STATE IN 2012 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (M 87); galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; radio continuum: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; M87 JET; TEV EMISSION; GALAXY M87; SCHWARZSCHILD RADII; RELATIVISTIC JETS; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; UNIFIED SCHEMES AB We report our intensive, high angular resolution radio monitoring observations of the jet in M 87 with the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) and the European VLBI Network (EVN) from 2011 February to 2012 October, together with contemporaneous high-energy (100 MeV< E < 100 GeV)gamma-ray light curves obtained by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. During this period (specifically from 2012 February to 2012 March), an elevated level of the M 87 flux is reported at very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV). rays by VERITAS. We detected a remarkable (up to similar to 70%) increase of the radio flux density from the unresolved jet base (radio core) with VERA at 22 and 43 GHz coincident with the VHE activity. Meanwhile, we confirmed with EVN at 5 GHz that the peculiar knot, HST-1, which is an alternative favored gamma-ray production site located at greater than or similar to 120 pc from the nucleus, remained quiescent in terms of its flux density and structure. These results in the radio bands strongly suggest that the VHE gamma-ray activity in 2012 originates in the jet base within 0.03 pc or 56 Schwarzschild radii (the VERA spatial resolution of 0.4 mas at 43 GHz) from the central supermassive black hole. We further conducted VERA astrometry for the M 87 core at six epochs during the flaring period, and detected core shifts between 22 and 43 GHz, a mean value of which is similar to that measured in the previous astrometric measurements. We also discovered a clear frequency-dependent evolution of the radio core flare at 43, 22, and 5 GHz; the radio flux density increased more rapidly at higher frequencies with a larger amplitude, and the light curves clearly showed a time-lag between the peaks at 22 and 43 GHz, the value of which is constrained to be within similar to 35-124 days. This indicates that a new radio-emitting component was created near the black hole in the period of the VHE event, and then propagated outward with progressively decreasing synchrotron opacity. By combining the obtained core shift and time-lag, we estimated an apparent speed of the newborn component propagating through the opaque region between the cores at 22 and 43 GHz. We derived a sub-luminal speed (less than similar to 0.2c) for this component. This value is significantly slower than the super-luminal (similar to 1.1c) features that appeared from the core during the prominent VHE flaring event in 2008, suggesting that stronger VHE activity can be associated with the production of a higher Lorentz factor jet in M 87. C1 [Hada, K.; Giroletti, M.; Giovannini, G.; D'Ammando, F.; Orienti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Hada, K.; Akiyama, K.; Honma, M.; Sawada-Satoh, S.; Koyama, S.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mizusawa VLBI Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Kino, M.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst KASI, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Kino, M.; Koyama, S.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Giovannini, G.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Cheung, C. C.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Beilicke, M.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Beilicke, M.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Nagai, H.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Akiyama, K.; Koyama, S.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Honma, M.; Niinuma, K.] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Dept Astron Sci, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Casadio, C.; Gomez, J. L.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Cesarini, A.] Univ Trent, Dept Phys, I-38050 Trento, Italy. [Nakahara, S.] Kagoshima Univ, Fac Sci, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan. [Gurwell, M. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Yamaguchi Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Yamaguchi 7538512, Japan. RP Hada, K (reprint author), INAF Ist Radioastron, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. OI Giovannini, Gabriele/0000-0003-4916-6362; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; Akiyama, Kazunori/0000-0002-9475-4254; orienti, monica/0000-0003-4470-7094; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; D'Ammando, Filippo/0000-0001-7618-7527 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); KAKENHI [24340042, 24540240, 24540242, 25120007, 26800109]; European Union [RI-261525 NEXPReS]; Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France FX We thank the anonymous referee for the review and suggestions for improving the paper. We are grateful to E. Torresi for reading and helpful comments on the manuscript. The VERA is operated by Mizusawa VLBI Observatory, a branch of National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. K. H. thanks K. M. Shibata, T. Jike, and all of the rest of the staff who helped with operations of the VERA observations presented in this paper. K. H. is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Research Fellowship Program for Young Scientists. Part of this work was done with the contribution of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and University and Research for the collaboration project between Italy and Japan. This work was partially supported by KAKENHI (24340042, 24540240, 24540242, 25120007, and 26800109). e-VLBI research infrastructure in Europe is supported by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. RI-261525 NEXPReS. The European VLBI Network is a joint facility of European, Chinese, South African, and other radio astronomy institutes funded by their national research councils. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica.; Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2014 VL 788 IS 2 AR 165 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/788/2/165 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AJ2DT UT WOS:000337466200068 ER PT J AU Brennan, JK Lisal, M Moore, JD Izvekov, S Schweigert, IV Larentzos, JP AF Brennan, John K. Lisal, Martin Moore, Joshua D. Izvekov, Sergei Schweigert, Igor V. Larentzos, James P. TI Coarse-Grain Model Simulations of Nonequilibrium Dynamics in Heterogeneous Materials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS; ENERGY-CONSERVATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DETONATION; SYSTEMS; COMBUSTION; ALGORITHMS; MIXTURES; SHOCK; RDX AB A suite of computational tools is described for particle-based mesoscale simulations of the nonequilibrium dynamics of energetic solids, including mechanical deformation, phase transitions, and chemical reactivity triggered by shock or thermal loading. The method builds upon our recent advances both in generating coarse-grain models under high strains and in developing a variant of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) that includes chemical reactions. To describe chemical reactivity, a coarse-grain particle equation-of-state was introduced into the constant-energy DPD variant that rigorously treats complex chemical reactions and the associated chemical energy release. As illustration of these developments, we present simulations of shock compression of an RDX crystal and its thermal decomposition under high temperatures. We also discuss our current efforts toward a highly scalable domain-decomposition implementation that extends applicability to micrometer-size simulations. With appropriate parametrization, the method is applicable to other materials whose dynamic response is driven by microstructural heterogeneities. C1 [Brennan, John K.; Moore, Joshua D.; Izvekov, Sergei] US Army Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Lisal, Martin] ASCR, Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals, Lab Chem & Phys Aerosols, Vvi, Prague 16502, Czech Republic. [Lisal, Martin] Univ JE Purkyne, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Usti Nad Labem 40096, Czech Republic. [Schweigert, Igor V.] US Naval Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Larentzos, James P.] US Army Res Lab, Engil Corp, High Performance Technol Grp, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Brennan, JK (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM john.k.brennan.civ@mail.mil RI Lisal, Martin/A-8176-2011; Schweigert, Igor/B-5750-2008 OI Lisal, Martin/0000-0001-8005-7143; FU Office of Naval Research; Department of Defense; ARL [W911NF-10-2-0039]; Czech Science Foundation [13-02938S] FX The authors acknowledge various scientists for insightful and stimulating discussions, namely, Jean-Bernard Maillet (Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives, DAM), Gabriel Stoltz (CERMICS-Ecole des Ponts Paris Tech), Timothy W. Sirk, William D. Mattson, Michael S. Sellers, and Betsy M. Rice (U.S. Army Research Laboratory). The authors also acknowledge financial support from various sources, including the Office of Naval Research, the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program Software Application Institute for Multiscale Reactive Modeling of Insensitive Munitions, ARL under Cooperative Agreement W911NF-10-2-0039, and the Czech Science Foundation under Project 13-02938S. Computer time was partially provided by the METACentrum computing facility. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 8 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2014 VL 5 IS 12 BP 2144 EP 2149 DI 10.1021/jz500756s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AJ7IJ UT WOS:000337870100016 PM 26270506 ER PT J AU Dressick, WJ Soto, CM Fontana, J Baker, CC Myers, JD Frantz, JA Kim, W AF Dressick, Walter J. Soto, Carissa M. Fontana, Jake Baker, Colin C. Myers, Jason D. Frantz, Jesse A. Kim, Woohong TI Preparation and Layer-by-Layer Solution Deposition of Cu(In,Ga)O-2 Nanoparticles with Conversion to Cu(In,Ga)S-2 Films SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FLAME SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; SOLAR-CELLS; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYER; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; NANOCRYSTAL FILMS; EFFICIENCY; POLYDOPAMINE; SELENIZATION; PARTICLES; POWDERS AB We present a method of Cu(In,Ga)S-2 (CIGS) thin film formation via conversion of layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled Cu-In-Ga oxide (CIGO) nanoparticles and polyelectrolytes. CIGO nanoparticles were created via a novel flame-spray pyrolysis method using metal nitrate precursors, subsequently coated with polyallylamine (PAH), and dispersed in aqueous solution. Multilayer films were assembled by alternately dipping quartz, Si, and/or Mo substrates into a solution of either polydopamine (PDA) or polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) and then in the CIGO-PAH dispersion to fabricate films as thick as 1-2 microns. PSS/CIGO-PAH films were found to be inadequate due to weak adhesion to the Si and Mo substrates, excessive particle diffusion during sulfurization, and mechanical softness ill-suited to further processing. PDA/CIGO-PAH films, in contrast, were more mechanically robust and more tolerant of high temperature processing. After LbL deposition, films were oxidized to remove polymer and sulfurized at high temperature under flowing hydrogen sulfide to convert CIGO to CIGS. Complete film conversion from the oxide to the sulfide is confirmed by X-ray diffraction characterization. C1 [Dressick, Walter J.; Soto, Carissa M.; Fontana, Jake] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Baker, Colin C.; Myers, Jason D.; Frantz, Jesse A.; Kim, Woohong] US Naval Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Dressick, WJ (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM walter.dressick@nrl.navy.mil; rick.kim@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015 FU Office of Naval Research under the Naval Research Laboratory Accelerated Research Initiative (ARI) 6.1 Program, ONR/ARI [ONR 61153N] FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research under the Naval Research Laboratory Accelerated Research Initiative (ARI) 6.1 Program, ONR/ARI (ONR 61153N), for financial support for this work. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 32 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 18 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 6 AR e100203 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0100203 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AK6AC UT WOS:000338508200083 PM 24941104 ER PT J AU Coggon, MM Sorooshian, A Wang, Z Craven, JS Metcalf, AR Lin, JJ Nenes, A Jonsson, HH Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Coggon, M. M. Sorooshian, A. Wang, Z. Craven, J. S. Metcalf, A. R. Lin, J. J. Nenes, A. Jonsson, H. H. Flagan, R. C. Seinfeld, J. H. TI Observations of continental biogenic impacts on marine aerosol and clouds off the coast of California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE biogenic aerosol; marine stratocumulus; cloud condensation nuclei ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PARTICLE FORMATION EVENTS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI CCN; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; NUCLEATION MODE PARTICLES; MASS-SPECTROMETER DATA; ACETIC-ACIDS; HYGROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AB During the 2011 Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment (E-PEACE) and 2013 Nucleation in California Experiment (NiCE) field campaigns, a predominantly organic aerosol (> 85% by mass) was observed in the free troposphere over marine stratocumulus off the coast of California. These particles originated from a densely forested region in the Northwestern United States. The organic mass spectrum resolved by positive matrix factorization is consistent with the mass spectra of previously measured biogenic organic aerosol. Particulate organic mass exhibits a latitudinal gradient that corresponds to the geographical distribution of vegetation density and composition, with the highest concentration over regions impacted by densely populated monoterpene sources. Due to meteorological conditions during summer months, cloud-clearing events transport aerosol from the Northwestern United States into the free troposphere above marine stratocumulus. Based on the variation of meteorological variables with altitude, dry air containing enhanced biogenic organic aerosol is shown to entrain into the marine boundary layer. Fresh impacts on cloud water composition are observed north of San Francisco, CA which is consistent with fresh continental impacts on the marine atmosphere at higher latitudes. Continental aerosol size distributions are bimodal. Particles in the 100nm mode are impacted by biogenic sources, while particles in the approximate to 30nm mode may originate from fresh biogenic emissions. Continental aerosol in the 100nm mode is cloud condensation nuclei active and may play a role in modulating marine stratocumulus microphysics. C1 [Coggon, M. M.; Craven, J. S.; Flagan, R. C.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sorooshian, A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sorooshian, A.; Wang, Z.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Metcalf, A. R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Lin, J. J.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA USA. [Flagan, R. C.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Coggon, Matthew/I-8604-2016; OI Coggon, Matthew/0000-0002-5763-1925; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU ONR [N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-14-1-0097, N00014-10-1-0811]; NSF [AGS-1008848, AGS-1013381]; NSF CAREER award; Georgia Tech President's fellowship; NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program Fellowship FX This work was funded by ONR grants N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-14-1-0097, and N00014-10-1-0811, and NSF grants AGS-1008848 and AGS-1013381. A.N. acknowledges support from an NSF CAREER award. J.J.L. acknowledges support from a Georgia Tech President's fellowship and a NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program Fellowship. Conclusions drawn here reflect those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Office of Naval Research or the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge Dean Hegg for providing the cloud water collector and Joseph Ensberg for helpful discussion. Please contact corresponding author for data requests. AMS mass spectra will be uploaded to the spectral database (http://cires.colorado.edu/jimenez-group/AMSsd/). NR 110 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 11 BP 6724 EP 6748 DI 10.1002/2013JD021228 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8RK UT WOS:000337974500030 ER PT J AU Gattass, RR Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS AF Gattass, Rafael R. Shaw, L. Brandon Sanghera, Jasbinder S. TI Microchip laser mid-infrared supercontinuum laser source based on an As2Se3 fiber SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHALCOGENIDE FIBERS; OPTICAL-FIBERS; MU-M; GENERATION; PULSES; NM AB We report on a proof of concept for a compact supercontinuum source for the mid-infrared wavelength range based on a microchip laser and nonlinear conversion inside a selenide-based optical fiber. The spectrum extends from 3.74 to 4.64 mu m at -10 dB from the peak and 3.65 to 4.9 mu m at -20 dB from the peak; emitting beyond the wavelength range that periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) starts to display a powerpenalty. Wavelength conversion occurs inside the core of a single-mode fiber, resulting in a high-brightness emission source. A maximum average power of 5 mW was demonstrated, but the architecture is scalable to higher average powers. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Gattass, Rafael R.; Shaw, L. Brandon; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jas.sanghera@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 27 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 12 BP 3418 EP 3420 DI 10.1364/OL.39.003418 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA AL1FF UT WOS:000338870500015 PM 24978500 ER PT J AU Fan, YL Griffies, SM AF Fan, Yalin Griffies, Stephen M. TI Impacts of Parameterized Langmuir Turbulence and Nonbreaking Wave Mixing in Global Climate Simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; AIR-SEA FLUXES; PART I; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; MIXED-LAYER; MODEL; CIRCULATION; FORMULATION; DRIVEN AB The impacts of parameterized upper-ocean wave mixing on global climate simulations are assessed through modification to Large et al.'s K-profile ocean boundary layer parameterization (I(PP) in a coupled atmosphere ocean wave global climate model. The authors consider three parameterizations and focus on impacts to high-latitude ocean mixed layer depths and related ocean diagnostics. The McWilliams and Sullivan parameterization (MS2000) adds a Langmuir turbulence enhancement to the nonlocal component of KPP. It is found that the Langmuir turbulence induced mixing provided by this parameterization is too strong in winter, producing overly deep mixed layers, and of minimal impact in summer. The later Smyth et al. parameterization modifies MS2000 by adding a stratification effect to restrain the turbulence enhancement under weak stratification conditions (e.g., winter) and to magnify the enhancement under strong stratification conditions. The Smyth et al. scheme improves the simulated winter mixed layer depth in the simulations herein, with mixed layer deepening in the Labrador Sea and shoaling in the Weddell and Ross Seas. Enhanced vertical mixing through parameterized Langmuir turbulence, coupled with enhanced lateral transport associated with parameterized mesoscale and submesoscale eddies, is found to be a key element for improving mixed layer simulations. Secondary impacts include strengthening the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and reducing the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The Qiao et al. nonbreaking wave parameterization is the third scheme assessed here. It adds a wave orbital velocity to the Reynolds stress calculation and provides the strongest summer mixed layer deepening in the Southern Ocean among the three experiments, but with weak impacts during winter. C1 [Fan, Yalin] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fan, Yalin; Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Fan, YL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM yalin.fan.ctr@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 27 IS 12 BP 4752 EP 4775 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00583.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ4PV UT WOS:000337659200026 ER PT J AU Kozdon, JE Dunham, EM AF Kozdon, Jeremy E. Dunham, Eric M. TI Constraining shallow slip and tsunami excitation in megathrust ruptures using seismic and ocean acoustic waves recorded on ocean-bottom sensor networks SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tsunami; subduction zone; megathrust; early warning ID TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; WARNING SYSTEMS; PACIFIC COAST; LEAKING MODES; WATER COLUMN; TRENCH AXIS; DISPLACEMENT; GENERATION; PROPAGATION; SIMULATION AB Great earthquakes along subduction-zone plate boundaries, like the 2011 magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki, Japan, event, deform the seafloor to generate massive tsunamis. Tsunami wave heights near shore are greatest when excitation occurs far offshore near the trench, where water depths are greatest and fault slip is shallow. The Tohoku event, featuring over 30 m of slip near the trench, exemplifies this hazard. Unfortunately the rupture process that far offshore is poorly constrained with land-based geodetic and even most seafloor deformation measurements, and seismic inferences of shallow slip are often nonunique. Here we demonstrate, through dynamic rupture simulations of the Tohoku event, that long-period guided waves in the ocean (specifically, leaking oceanic P-wave modes known as PL waves) can resolve the shallow rupture process and tsunami excitation near the trench. With predicted pressure changes of similar to 0.1-1 MPa along most of the seafloor landward of the trench, and periods of several seconds, these PL waves should be observable with ocean-bottom pressure sensors and/or seismometers. With cabled sensor networks like those being deployed offshore Japan and in other subduction zones, these waves could be used to rapidly quantify shallow slip and near-trench seafloor uplift and improve local tsunami early warning systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kozdon, Jeremy E.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Dunham, Eric M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Dunham, Eric M.] Stanford Univ, Inst Computat & Math Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kozdon, JE (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jekozdon@nps.edu; edunham@stanford.edu OI Dunham, Eric/0000-0003-0804-7746 FU National Science Foundation [OCI-1122734, EAR-1255439]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation [BR2012-097] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (OCI-1122734 to J.E.K., EAR-1255439 to E.M.D.) and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (BR2012-097 to E.M.D.). We thank Shin'ichi Miyazaki for providing the GEONET data, and the two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 396 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.001 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AI4FA UT WOS:000336819900006 ER PT J AU Laskoski, M Neal, A Keller, TM Dominguez, D Klug, CA Saab, AP AF Laskoski, Matthew Neal, Arianna Keller, Teddy M. Dominguez, Dawn Klug, Christopher A. Saab, Andrew P. TI Improved Synthesis of Oligomeric Phthalonitriles and Studies Designed for Low Temperature Cure SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE resins; thermal properties; thermosets ID POLYMERS; RESIN; POLYMERIZATION; COMPOSITES; PREPARE; ETHER AB An improved synthetic method has been developed for oligomeric aromatic ether ketone-based phthalonitrile (PN) resins. A new curing additive was studied that lowers the cure temperature of the PN resin to around 150 degrees C and compared to the traditional high-temperature aromatic diamine. Mechanical and thermo-oxidative analyses of polymeric samples from both systems were determined and compared under various curing conditions. The PN polymer exhibited low water absorption regardless of the chosen cure system. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1662-1668 C1 [Laskoski, Matthew; Neal, Arianna; Keller, Teddy M.; Dominguez, Dawn; Klug, Christopher A.; Saab, Andrew P.] Naval Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laskoski, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM matthew.laskoski@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; ONR/ASEE Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program (SEAP) FX The authors thank the Office of Naval Research and the ONR/ASEE Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program (SEAP) for financial support of this project. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-624X EI 1099-0518 J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1662 EP 1668 DI 10.1002/pola.27161 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AG4EC UT WOS:000335371100003 ER PT J AU Weaver, BD AF Weaver, B. D. TI Universal behavior of the transition temperature in irradiated iron pnictide superconductors SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Iron pnictides; Radiation effects; Displacement damage ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; CO-DOPED BAFE2AS2; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DISORDER AB We show that, as in the cuprate superconductors, the superconducting transition temperature in irradiated iron pnictides decreases linearly with increasing induced defect concentration, largely independent of the initial onset T-c or the incident particle's mass or energy. We attribute this to depairing caused by scattering of Cooper pairs out of the quasi two-dimensional FeAs planes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weaver, BD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6818,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradley.weaver@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was sponsored in part by the Office of Naval Research. Special thanks are due to G.P. Summers and E.A. Burke. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 501 BP 36 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2014.03.026 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AG8HI UT WOS:000335659000007 ER PT J AU Gordon, DF Hafizi, B Helle, MH AF Gordon, D. F. Hafizi, B. Helle, M. H. TI Solution of relativistic quantum optics problems using clusters of graphical processing units SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Quantum optics; Graphical processing unit; Relativistic ID DEPENDENT SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; ALTERNATING ELECTRIC-FIELD; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; TUNNELING IONIZATION; LASER FIELD; ATOMS; WAVE AB Numerical solution of relativistic quantum optics problems requires high performance computing due to the rapid oscillations in a relativistic wavefunction. Clusters of graphical processing units are used to accelerate the computation of a time dependent relativistic wavefunction in an arbitrary external potential. The stationary states in a Coulomb potential and uniform magnetic field are determined analytically and numerically, so that they can used as initial conditions in fully time dependent calculations. Relativistic energy levels in extreme magnetic fields are recovered as a means of validation. The relativistic ionization rate is computed for an ion illuminated by a laser field near the usual barrier suppression threshold, and the ionizing wavefunction is displayed. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gordon, D. F.; Hafizi, B.; Helle, M. H.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daviel.gordon@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Department of Energy DOE [DE-AI02-93ER40797]; NRL 6.1 base program; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy DOE Grant DE-AI02-93ER40797 and the NRL 6.1 base program. We acknowledge Mr. Kevin Fung's assistance in developing the GPGPU programming expertise used in this work. The "Dirac" GPGPU cluster is a resource of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Resources of the Department of Defense High Performance Computing and Modernization Program (HPCMP) were also used in this work. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2014 VL 267 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2014.02.028 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA AE1VS UT WOS:000333759800004 ER PT J AU Zier, JC Mosher, D Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Cooperstein, G Hinshelwood, DD Jackson, SL Murphy, DP Ottinger, PF Richardson, AS Schumer, JW Swanekamp, SB Weber, BV AF Zier, J. C. Mosher, D. Allen, R. J. Commisso, R. J. Cooperstein, G. Hinshelwood, D. D. Jackson, S. L. Murphy, D. P. Ottinger, P. F. Richardson, A. S. Schumer, J. W. Swanekamp, S. B. Weber, B. V. TI High-power, photofission-inducing bremsstrahlung source for intense pulsed active detection of fissile material SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID INSULATED TRANSMISSION-LINE; ELECTRON-BEAM; VOLTAGE-DEPENDENCE; PINCH DIODE; HERMES-III; GAS-CELL; IMPEDANCE; DYNAMICS; FLOW; RADIOGRAPHY AB Intense pulsed active detection (IPAD) is a promising technique for detecting fissile material to prevent the proliferation of special nuclear materials. With IPAD, fissions are induced in a brief, intense radiation burst and the resulting gamma ray or neutron signals are acquired during a short period of elevated signal-to-noise ratio. The 8 MV, 200 kA Mercury pulsed-power generator at the Naval Research Laboratory coupled to a high-power vacuum diode produces an intense 30 ns bremsstrahlung beam to study this approach. The work presented here reports on Mercury experiments designed to maximize the photofission yield in a depleted-uranium (DU) object in the bremsstrahlung far field by varying the anode-cathode (AK) diode gap spacing and by adding an inner-diameter-reducing insert in the outer conductor wall. An extensive suite of diagnostics was fielded to measure the bremsstrahlung beam and DU fission yield as functions of diode geometry. Delayed fission neutrons from the DU proved to be a valuable diagnostic for measuring bremsstrahlung photons above 5 MeV. The measurements are in broad agreement with particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo simulations of electron dynamics and radiation transport. These show that with increasing AK gap, electron losses to the insert and outer conductor wall increase and that the electron angles impacting the bremsstrahlung converter approach normal incidence. The diode conditions for maximum fission yield occur when the gap is large enough to produce electron angles close to normal, yet small enough to limit electron losses. C1 [Zier, J. C.; Allen, R. J.; Commisso, R. J.; Hinshelwood, D. D.; Jackson, S. L.; Murphy, D. P.; Richardson, A. S.; Schumer, J. W.; Swanekamp, S. B.; Weber, B. V.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mosher, D.; Cooperstein, G.; Ottinger, P. F.] Engility Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. RP Zier, JC (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-3056-6334 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX The authors thank Tony Culver, Derric Featherstone, and Aaron Miller for their hard work and dedication in operating the Mercury generator and for reloading the numerous TLDs during the experiment. The authors also thank the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Naval Research Laboratory for a grant of computer time. This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN 13 PY 2014 VL 17 IS 6 AR 060401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.17.060401 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA AK8HB UT WOS:000338667100001 ER PT J AU Manni, S Choi, S Mazin, II Coldea, R Altmeyer, M Jeschke, HO Valenti, R Gegenwart, P AF Manni, S. Choi, Sungkyun Mazin, I. I. Coldea, R. Altmeyer, Michaela Jeschke, Harald O. Valenti, Roser Gegenwart, P. TI Effect of isoelectronic doping on the honeycomb-lattice iridate A(2)IrO(3) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We have investigated, experimentally and theoretically, the series (Na1-x Li-x)(2)IrO3. Contrary to what has been believed so far, only for x <= 0.25 does the system form uniform solid solutions where Li preferentially goes to the Ir2Na planes, as observed in our density functional theory calculations and consistent with x-ray diffraction analysis. For larger Li content, as evidenced by powder x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and density functional theory calculations, the system shows a miscibility gap and a phase separation into an ordered Na3LiIr2O6 phase with alternating Na-3 and LiIr2O6 planes, and a Li-rich phase close to pure Li2IrO3. For x <= 0.25 we observe (1) an increase of c/a with Li doping up to x = 0.25, despite the fact that c/a in pure Li2IrO3 is smaller than in Na2IrO3, and (2) a gradual reduction of the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature T-N and ordered moment. In view of our results showing clear evidence for phase separation for 0.25 <= x <= 0.6, more detailed studies are needed to confirm the presence or absence of phase separation at the higher doping x similar to 0.7, where a continuum quantum phase transition has been proposed previously. C1 [Manni, S.; Gegenwart, P.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Choi, Sungkyun; Coldea, R.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Mazin, I. I.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Altmeyer, Michaela; Jeschke, Harald O.; Valenti, Roser] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Manni, S (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RI Jeschke, Harald/C-3507-2009; Manni, Soham/G-1455-2016; Gegenwart, Philipp/A-7291-2017 OI Jeschke, Harald/0000-0002-8091-7024; Manni, Soham/0000-0001-6279-3497; FU Helmholtz Virtual Institute 521 ("New states of matter and their excitations"); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB/TR 49]; Center for Scientific Computing (CSC) in Frankfurt; EPSRC (U.K.); Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; A. von Humboldt foundation FX We acknowledge Klaus Simon for ICPMS measurements, H. S. Jeevan for discussions on crystal growth and EDX analysis, and Yogesh Singh for collaboration. S. M. acknowledges funding from the ErasmusMundus EURINDIA project. Work in Gottingen has been supported by the Helmholtz Virtual Institute 521 ("New states of matter and their excitations"). M. A., H. O. J., and R. V. acknowledge support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through Grant No. SFB/TR 49 as well as the Center for Scientific Computing (CSC) in Frankfurt. Work at Oxford has been supported by EPSRC (U.K.). I. I. M. acknowledges Funding from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program, and support from the A. von Humboldt foundation. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 11 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 24 AR 245113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.245113 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AK7XI UT WOS:000338640600002 ER PT J AU Srivastava, VK Quinlan, RA Agapov, AL Kisliuk, A Bhat, GS Mays, JW AF Srivastava, Vikram K. Quinlan, Ronald A. Agapov, Alexander L. Kisliuk, Alexander Bhat, Gajanan S. Mays, Jimmy W. TI High-Yield Synthesis of Mesoscopic Conductive and Dispersible Carbon Nanostructures via Ultrasonication of Commercial Precursors SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-PHASE EXFOLIATION; REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; GRAPHITE OXIDE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; THIN-FILMS; REDUCTION; NANOSCROLLS; SOLUBILITY AB The need to produce large quantities of graphenic materials displaying excellent conductivity, thermal resistance, and tunable properties for industrial applications has spurred interest in new techniques for exfoliating graphite. In this paper, sonication-assisted exfoliation of graphitic precursors in the presence of chloroform is shown to produce chemically and structurally unique exfoliated graphitic materials in high yields. These exfoliated graphites, referred to as mesographite and mesographene, respectively, exhibit unique properties which depend on the number of layers and exfoliation conditions. Structural characterization of mesographene reveals the presence of nanoscale two-dimensional graphene layers, and three-dimensional carbon nanostructures sandwiched between layers, similar to those found in ball-milled and intercalated graphites. The conductivities of mesographite and mesographene are 2700 and 2000 S/m, respectively, indicating high conductivity despite flake damage. Optical absorption measurements of mesographite sonicated in various solvents showed significant changes in dispersion characteristics, and also indicated significant changes to mesoscopic colloidal behavior. A mechanism for functionalization and formation of capped carbon nanostructures is proposed by integrating the chemical and structural characterization in relation to the various carbon structures observed by electron microscopy. Composites based on common polymers were prepared by solution processing, and changes in thermal properties indicate improved dispersion of mesographite in polar polymers. C1 [Srivastava, Vikram K.; Agapov, Alexander L.; Mays, Jimmy W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Bhat, Gajanan S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Quinlan, Ronald A.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Kisliuk, Alexander; Mays, Jimmy W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Srivastava, VK (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM vsrivast@utk.edu; jimmy@utk.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Division of Materials Science and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC05-00OR22725]; UT - Battelle, LLC, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program [0601152N]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. A.L.A., A.K., and J.W.M. acknowledge partial support from the Division of Materials Science and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DEAC05-00OR22725 with UT - Battelle, LLC, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. R.A.Q, acknowledges financial support by the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program administrated under ONR's Program Element 0601152N. The XAS experiments were conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. V.K.S. thanks Dr. John Dunlap for help in acquiring the TEM images. We thank Dr. Durairaj Baskaran for his contributions to the early stage of this project. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUN 11 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 23 BP 9781 EP 9791 DI 10.1021/ie501659n PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA AJ0JO UT WOS:000337337000029 ER PT J AU Francis, WL Eliason, TD Thacker, BH Paskoff, GR Shender, BS Nicolella, DP AF Francis, W. Loren Eliason, Travis D. Thacker, Ben H. Paskoff, Glenn R. Shender, Barry S. Nicolella, Daniel P. TI Implementation and validation of probabilistic models of the anterior longitudinal ligament and posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine SO COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE verification; validation; finite element; cervical; spine; metric; ligament ID FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; DISC DEGENERATION; INJURIES; WHIPLASH; FACETS AB The objective of this investigation was to develop probabilistic finite element (FE) models of the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) and posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) of the cervical spine that incorporate the natural variability of biological specimens. In addition to the model development, a rigorous validation methodology was developed to quantify model performance. Experimental data for the geometry and dynamic properties of the ALL and PLL were used to create probabilistic FE models capable of predicting not only the mean dynamic relaxation response but also the observed experimental variation of that response. The probabilistic FE model uses a quasilinear viscoelastic material constitutive model to capture the time-dependent behaviour of the ligaments. The probabilistic analysis approach yields a statistical distribution for the model-predicted response at each time point rather than a single deterministic quantity (e.g. ligament force) and that response can be statistically compared to experimental data for validation. A quantitative metric that compares the cumulative distribution functions of the experimental data and model response is computed for both the ALL and PLL throughout the time histories and is used to quantify model performance. C1 [Francis, W. Loren; Eliason, Travis D.; Thacker, Ben H.; Nicolella, Daniel P.] Southwest Res Inst, Dept Mat Engn, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Paskoff, Glenn R.; Shender, Barry S.] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Francis, WL (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, Dept Mat Engn, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM loren.francis@swri.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-5842 EI 1476-8259 J9 COMPUT METHOD BIOMEC JI Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng. PD JUN 11 PY 2014 VL 17 IS 8 BP 905 EP 916 DI 10.1080/10255842.2012.726353 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AE6CF UT WOS:000334075400009 PM 23113530 ER PT J AU Carr, JS Najita, JR AF Carr, John S. Najita, Joan R. TI THE OH ROTATIONAL POPULATION AND PHOTODISSOCIATION OF H2O IN DG Tauri SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; infrared : stars; circumstellar matter; protoplanetary disks; stars : pre-main sequence ID MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET CONTINUUM; YOUNG CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; 4TH POSITIVE EMISSION; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; DISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; LINEAR-MOLECULES; PROMPT EMISSION; LAMBDA-DOUBLETS AB We analyze the OH rotational emission in the Spitzer Space Telescope mid- infrared spectrum of the T Tauri star DG Tau. OH is observed in emission from upper level energies of 1900 K to 28,000 K. The rotational diagram cannot be fit with any single combination of temperature and column density and has slopes that correspond to excitation temperatures ranging from 200 K to 6000 K. The relative A-doublet population within each rotational level is not equal, showing that the OH population is not in thermal equilibrium. The symmetric A-doublet state is preferred in all rotational states, with an average of 0.5 for the population ratio of the anti-symmetric to symmetric state. We show that the population distribution of the high rotational lines and the A-doublet ratio are consistent with the formation of OH following the photo- dissociation of H2O by FUV photons in the second absorption band of water (similar to 1150-1400 angstrom), which includes Ly alpha. Other processes, OH formation from either photo-dissociation of water in the first absorption band (1450-1900 angstrom) or the reaction O(D-1) + H-2, or collisional excitation, cannot explain the observed emission in the high rotational states but could potentially contribute to the population of lower rotational levels. These results demonstrate that the photo-dissociation of water is active in DG Tau and support the idea that the hot rotational OH emission commonly observed in Classical T Tauri stars is due to the dissociation of H2O by FUV radiation. C1 [Carr, John S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Najita, Joan R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85716 USA. [Najita, Joan R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Carr, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7211, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NASA; Naval Research Laboratory; Institute for Theory and Computation at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA. Basic research in infrared astrophysics at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. J.N. gratefully acknowledges support from the Institute for Theory and Computation at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2014 VL 788 IS 1 AR 66 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/66 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AI7RY UT WOS:000337095200066 ER PT J AU Doschek, GA McKenzie, DE Warren, HP AF Doschek, G. A. McKenzie, D. E. Warren, H. P. TI PLASMA DYNAMICS ABOVE SOLAR FLARE SOFT X-RAY LOOP TOPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : flares; Sun : UV radiation ID SUPRA-ARCADE DOWNFLOWS; EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; EMISSION MEASURE; CURRENT SHEET; CORONAL HOLE; HINODE; TEMPERATURE AB We measure non-thermal motions in flare loop tops and above the loop tops using profiles of highly ionized spectral lines of Fe XXIV and Fe XXIII formed at multimillion-degree temperatures. Non-thermal motions that may be due to turbulence or multiple flow regions along the line of sight are extracted from the line profiles. The non-thermal motions are measured for four flares seen at or close to the solar limb. The profile data are obtained using the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on the Hinode spacecraft. The multimillion-degree non-thermal motions are between 20 and 60 km s(-1) and appear to increase with height above the loop tops. Motions determined from coronal lines (i.e., lines formed at about 1.5 MK) tend to be smaller. The multimillion-degree temperatures in the loop tops and above range from about 11 MK to 15 MK and also tend to increase with height above the bright X-rayemitting loop tops. The non-thermalmotions measured along the line of sight, as well as their apparent increase with height, are supported by Solar Dynamics Observatory Atmospheric Imaging Assembly measurements of turbulent velocities in the plane of the sky. C1 [Doschek, G. A.; Warren, H. P.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McKenzie, D. E.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Warren, Harry/0000-0001-6102-6851 FU NASA [SP02H3901R, NNM07AB07C]; ONR/NRL 6.1 basic research funds; Montana State University [NNM07AB07C] FX Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as a domestic partner, and NASA (USA) and STFC (UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode mission is conducted by the Hinode science team organized at ISAS/JAXA. This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner countries. Support for the post-launch operation is provide by JAXA and NAOJ, STFC, NASA, ESA (European Space Agency), and NSC (Norwegian Space Center). We are grateful to the Hinode team for all their efforts in the design, build, and operation of the mission. G.A.D. and H.P.W. acknowledge support from the NASA Hinode program and from ONR/NRL 6.1 basic research funds. D.M.'s contribution was supported by NASA under contract SP02H3901R from Lockheed- Martin to Montana State University and contract NNM07AB07C with the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2014 VL 788 IS 1 AR 26 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/26 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AI7RY UT WOS:000337095200026 ER PT J AU Hirst, LC Walters, RJ Fuhrer, MF Ekins-Daukes, NJ AF Hirst, L. C. Walters, R. J. Fuehrer, M. F. Ekins-Daukes, N. J. TI Experimental demonstration of hot-carrier photo-current in an InGaAs quantum well solar cell SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; EFFICIENCY; ELECTRONS; RATES AB An unambiguous observation of hot-carrier photocurrent from an InGaAs single quantum well solar cell is reported. Simultaneous photo-current and photoluminescence measurements were performed for incident power density 0.04-3kW cm(-2), lattice temperature 10K, and forward bias 1.2V. An order of magnitude photocurrent increase was observed for non-equilibrium hot-carrier temperatures >35 K. This photocurrent activation temperature is consistent with that of equilibrium carriers in a lattice at elevated temperature. The observed hot-carrier photo-current is extracted from the well over an energy selective GaAs barrier, thus integrating two essential components of a hot-carrier solar cell: a hot-carrier absorber and an energy selective contact. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Hirst, L. C.; Walters, R. J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fuehrer, M. F.; Ekins-Daukes, N. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Hirst, LC (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 9 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 23 AR 231115 DI 10.1063/1.4883648 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AJ7QM UT WOS:000337891200015 ER PT J AU Selfridge, BR Deschamps, JR Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Selfridge, Brandon R. Deschamps, Jeffrey R. Jacobson, Arthur E. Rice, Kenner C. TI Synthesis of Enantiopure 10-Nornaltrexones in the Search for Toll-like Receptor 4 Antagonists and Opioid Ligands SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AGENTS; PAIN AB 10-Nornaltrexones (3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,9-dihydroxy-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1H-benzofuro [3,2-e]isoquinolin-7(7aH)-one, 1) have been underexploited in the search for better opioid ligands, and their enantiomers have been unexplored. The synthesis of trans-isoquinolinone 2 (4-aH, 9-O-trans-9-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1H-benzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7(7aH)-one) was achieved through a nonchromatographic optimized synthesis of the intermediate pyridinyl compound 12. Optical resolution was carried out on 2, and each of the enantiomers were used in efficient syntheses of the "unnatural" 4aR,7aS,12bR-(+)-1) and its "natural" enantiomer (-)-1. Addition of a 14-hydroxy (the 4a-hydroxy) group in the enantiomeric isoquinolinones, (+)- and (-)-2), gave (+)- and (-)-10-nornaltrexones. A structurally unique tetracyclic enamine, (12bR)-7,9-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-7,12b-methanobenzo[2,3]oxocino[5,4-c]pyridine, was found as a byproduct in the syntheses and offers a different opioid-like skeleton for future study. C1 [Selfridge, Brandon R.; Jacobson, Arthur E.; Rice, Kenner C.] NIDA, Drug Design & Synth Sect, Chem Biol Res Branch, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Selfridge, Brandon R.; Jacobson, Arthur E.; Rice, Kenner C.] NIAAA, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffrey R.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), NIDA, Drug Design & Synth Sect, Chem Biol Res Branch, 9800 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM kr21f@nih.gov FU NIH Intramural Research Programs of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); NIDA [YI-DA1101]; Naval Research Laboratory (NRL); National Institute of Mental Health's Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP) [HHSN-271-2008-025C] FX The work of the Drug Design and Synthesis Section, CBRB, NIDA, and NIAAA was supported by the NIH Intramural Research Programs of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). The X-ray crystallography was supported by NIDA through an Interagency Agreement No. YI-DA1101 with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). We thank Dr. Klaus Gawrisch and Dr. Walter Teague (NIAAA) for NMR access. The authors also express their gratitude to Noel Wittaker and the Mass Spectrometry Facility at the NIDDK for the mass spectral data. Preliminary receptor binding studies were generously provided by the National Institute of Mental Health's Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Contract # HHSN-271-2008-025C(NIMH PDSP). The NIMH PDSP is Directed by Bryan L. Roth MD, PhD at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Project Officer Jamie Driscol at NIMH, Bethesda MD, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUN 6 PY 2014 VL 79 IS 11 BP 5007 EP 5018 DI 10.1021/jo500568s PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA AI7MC UT WOS:000337073900023 PM 24773391 ER PT J AU Buckley, GS Roland, CM AF Buckley, Gary S. Roland, C. Michael TI Influence of Liquid Media on Lifetime Predictions of Nitrile Rubber SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ageing; elastomers; swelling ID O-RINGS; STRENGTH ENHANCEMENT; BUTADIENE RUBBER; DEGRADATION; EXTRAPOLATION; STABILIZATION; ELASTOMERS; ARRHENIUS; NETWORKS AB Evaluating a material's suitability for an application includes determination of its expected service lifetime. For alternative fuels, this entails assessing, inter alia, their effect on the durability of polymeric engine components, e.g., seals, gaskets, and O-rings. When this is governed by thermally activated chemical deterioration, the conventional approach to characterizing aging is laboratory measurements of property changes of the polymer subjected to accelerated conditions (usually higher temperatures), with the data analyzed by an Arrhenius analysis. However, this method is inefficient and time-consuming when the number of candidate alternative fuels is large. Herein, we test the hypothesis that the activation energy governing thermal oxidation of elastomeric engine components is independent of the fuel; thus, while the aging rate may vary, the effect of temperature is independent of the contacting liquid. Accelerated testing of the thermal oxidation of nitrile rubber O-rings were carried out in three liquids, including a fossil fuel and a bio-fuel. The activation energy obtained from changes in crosslink density,=82 kJ/mol, was the same for all liquids and consistent with the broad range of literature values for similar compounds aged in air. This result suggests the possibility that estimates of the lifetime of polymeric engine components require only a single accelerated aging test, with the known activation energy used to predict the durability at the service temperature. This would represent at least an order of magnitude reduction in testing requirements. The extension of the approach to the general aging of polymers exposed to different environments is obvious. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40296. C1 [Buckley, Gary S.] Cameron Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Lawton, OK 73505 USA. [Roland, C. Michael] Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.roland@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Cameron University FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. GSB acknowledges a fellowship through the Office of Naval Research and financial support through a Cameron University research grant. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUN 5 PY 2014 VL 131 IS 11 AR 40296 DI 10.1002/app.40296 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AC3AL UT WOS:000332387300005 ER PT J AU Hughey, JR Gabrielson, PW Rohmer, L Tortolani, J Silva, M Miller, KA Young, JD Martell, C Ruediger, E AF Hughey, Jeffery R. Gabrielson, Paul W. Rohmer, Laurence Tortolani, Jacquie Silva, Mayra Miller, Kathy Ann Young, Joel D. Martell, Craig Ruediger, Erik TI Minimally destructive sampling of type specimens of Pyropia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) recovers complete plastid and mitochondrial genomes SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PORPHYRA PURPUREA; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; DNA; RED; SOFTWARE; REVISION; AMERICA; GALAXY AB Plant species, including algae and fungi, are based on type specimens to which the name of a taxon is permanently attached. Applying a scientific name to any specimen therefore requires demonstrating correspondence between the type and that specimen. Traditionally, identifications are based on morpho-anatomical characters, but recently systematists are using DNA sequence data. These studies are flawed if the DNA is isolated from misidentified modern specimens. We propose a genome-based solution. Using 4 x 4 mm(2) of material from type specimens, we assembled 14 plastid and 15 mitochondrial genomes attributed to the red algae Pyropia perforata, Py. fucicola, and Py. kanakaensis. The chloroplast genomes were fairly conserved, but the mitochondrial genomes differed significantly among populations in content and length. Complete genomes are attainable from 19th and early 20th century type specimens; this validates the effort and cost of their curation as well as supports the practice of the type method. C1 [Hughey, Jeffery R.; Tortolani, Jacquie; Silva, Mayra] Hartnell Coll, Div Math Sci & Engn, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. [Gabrielson, Paul W.] Univ N Carolina, Herbarium, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gabrielson, Paul W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Rohmer, Laurence] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Miller, Kathy Ann] Univ Calif Berkeley, Herbarium, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Young, Joel D.; Martell, Craig; Ruediger, Erik] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hughey, JR (reprint author), Hartnell Coll, Div Math Sci & Engn, 411 Cent Ave, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. EM jhughey@hartnell.edu FU Hartnell College [PO31C110168] FX We wish to especially thank Dr. Per Lassen, Dr. Patrik Froden, and Dr. David Giblin for sending fragments and photos of type materials, as well as Dr. Bob Waaland for his assistance in securing material. Drs. Megan Dethier and Charles O'Kelly kindly supplied fresh Pyropia from San Juan Island. Dr. Rajinder Kaul provided valuable genome sequencing advice and Joni Black provided laboratory support for this project. This work was possible as a result of the generous support from a private family trust from P. W. G. and Dr. Kelly Locke, Title V grant director at Hartnell College (Grant number- PO31C110168). NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JUN 4 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 5113 DI 10.1038/srep05113 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI2YH UT WOS:000336724600001 PM 24894641 ER PT J AU Dorner, RW Begue, NJ Petrovykh, DY Hardy, DR Williams, FW Mushrush, GW Willauer, HD AF Dorner, R. W. Begue, N. J. Petrovykh, D. Y. Hardy, D. R. Williams, F. W. Mushrush, G. W. Willauer, H. D. TI Synthesis and Characterization of Microporous Aluminophosphates of AFI Topology SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFI topology; aluminophosphate; jet fuel; oligomerization ID MOLECULAR-SIEVES; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; TOLUENE; SAPO-5; COBALT AB Aluminophosphates of the AFI (aluminophosphate-5) topology were synthesized and characterized in order to study the influence of acid strength and distribution for the possibility of both conversion and selectivity for oligomerization reactions. It is well known that weaker acid sites lead to a product shift to hydrocarbons of lower carbon chain length and a lower conversion, and a reduction in acid site concentration has a similar effect. However, when a silylating agent modifies the surface acidity, the overall conversion drops, associated with a reduction in sticking probability of an olefin on the silicoaluminophosphate's (SAPO) crystal surface. This is associated with a reduced ability of the surface acid sites to crack the products upon exiting the internal pore system. This research reports on the synthesis and charactizeration of microporous aluminophates of AFI topology. Catalysts' properties were characterized by a series of spectroscopic and diffraction techniques, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All catalysts were characterized in calcined form. C1 [Dorner, R. W.; Begue, N. J.; Petrovykh, D. Y.; Hardy, D. R.; Williams, F. W.; Mushrush, G. W.; Willauer, H. D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mushrush, G. W.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Willauer, HD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6183,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heather.willauer@nrl.navy.mil RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076 FU Office of Naval Research; Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research both directly and through the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-6466 EI 1532-2459 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 3 PY 2014 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1375 EP 1382 DI 10.1080/10916466.2011.641652 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AE6AR UT WOS:000334071100014 ER PT J AU Nath, A Koehler, AD Jernigan, GG Wheeler, VD Hite, JK Hernandez, SC Robinson, ZR Garces, NY Myers-Ward, RL Eddy, CR Gaskill, DK Rao, MV AF Nath, A. Koehler, A. D. Jernigan, G. G. Wheeler, V. D. Hite, J. K. Hernandez, S. C. Robinson, Z. R. Garces, N. Y. Myers-Ward, R. L. Eddy, C. R., Jr. Gaskill, D. K. Rao, M. V. TI Achieving clean epitaxial graphene surfaces suitable for device applications by improved lithographic process SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTACT RESISTANCE AB It is well-known that the performance of graphene electronic devices is often limited by extrinsic scattering related to resist residue from transfer, lithography, and other processes. Here, we report a polymer-assisted fabrication procedure that produces a clean graphene surface following device fabrication by a standard lithography process. The effectiveness of this improved lithography process is demonstrated by examining the temperature dependence of epitaxial graphene-metal contact resistance using the transfer length method for Ti/Au (10 nm/50 nm) metallization. The Landauer-Buttiker model was used to explain carrier transport at the graphene-metal interface as a function of temperature. At room temperature, a contact resistance of 140 Omega-mu m was obtained after a thermal anneal at 523K for 2 hr under vacuum, which is comparable to state-of-the-art values. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Nath, A.; Rao, M. V.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Koehler, A. D.; Jernigan, G. G.; Wheeler, V. D.; Hite, J. K.; Hernandez, S. C.; Robinson, Z. R.; Myers-Ward, R. L.; Eddy, C. R., Jr.; Gaskill, D. K.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Garces, N. Y.] Sotera Def Solut, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RP Nath, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM anath@gmu.edu RI Robinson, Zachary/B-5128-2013; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU NRC; ASEE; Office of Naval Research FX S.C.H. and Z.R.R are grateful for NRC and ASEE postdoctoral fellowships, respectively. We acknowledge useful discussions with V. K. Nagareddy (University of Exeter) and D. J. Meyer (U. S. Naval Research Laboratory). This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Chagaan Baatar, Program Manager). NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 2 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 22 AR 224102 DI 10.1063/1.4880937 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AI8KG UT WOS:000337161700091 ER PT J AU Hsieh, WWS AF Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang TI Jackson's Sword: The Army Officer Corps on the American Frontier, 1810-1821 SO JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hsieh, WWS (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA SN 0275-1275 EI 1553-0620 J9 J EARLY REPUBL JI J. Early Repub. PD SUM PY 2014 VL 34 IS 2 BP 275 EP 275 PG 1 WC History SC History GA AT5JH UT WOS:000344979100005 ER PT J AU Hsieh, WWS Watson, SJ AF Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang Watson, Samuel J. TI Peacekeepers and Conquerors: The Army Officer Corps on the American Frontier, 1821-1846 SO JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hsieh, WWS (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA SN 0275-1275 EI 1553-0620 J9 J EARLY REPUBL JI J. Early Repub. PD SUM PY 2014 VL 34 IS 2 BP 275 EP 279 PG 5 WC History SC History GA AT5JH UT WOS:000344979100006 ER PT J AU Brennan, T AF Brennan, Thomas TI Defining Culinary Authority: The Transformation of Cooking in France, 1650-1830 SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Brennan, Thomas] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brennan, T (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0002-8762 EI 1937-5239 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 988 EP 989 DI 10.1093/ahr/119.3.988 PG 3 WC History SC History GA AS9WY UT WOS:000344590400181 ER PT J AU Wheeler, B AF Wheeler, Brannon TI Tafsir: Interpreting the Qur'an SO JOURNAL OF SHIA ISLAMIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Wheeler, Brannon] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wheeler, B (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ISLAMIC COLL ADVANCED STUDIES-ICAS PI LONDON PA ISLAMIC COLL, 133 HIGH RD, LONDON, WILLESDEN NW10 2SW, ENGLAND SN 1748-9423 J9 J SHIA ISLAM STUD JI J. Shia Islam. Stud PD SUM PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 359 EP 360 PG 2 WC Religion SC Religion GA AS1LH UT WOS:000344042100007 ER PT J AU Gibson, JD AF Gibson, James D. TI Submarine Fault Detection and Identification by Means of an Artificial Immune System (AIS) SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB An artificial immune system (AIS) was used to detect and identify a rudder jam occurring on a submarine. Even though the rudder jam angle of five degrees was small and occurred during a planned movement of the rudder to affect a heading change, the jam was detected 97 seconds after it happened. The AIS design allowed the fault to be identified according to whether the fault affected the ship's vertical plane motion, horizontal plane motion, or transverse plane motion. The fault detection and identification was accomplished without any direct knowledge of the rudder motion or rudder angle. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gibson, JD (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 EI 1559-3584 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 126 IS 2 BP 111 EP 119 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AR3YZ UT WOS:000343526500010 ER PT J AU Beyerlein, K Eberle, CJ AF Beyerlein, Kraig Eberle, Christopher J. TI Who Violates The Principles of Political Liberalism?: Religion, Restraint, and the Decision to Reject Same-Sex Marriage SO POLITICS AND RELIGION LA English DT Article ID OF-THE-ART; PUBLIC SQUARE; WEIGHTS AB Recent debates in political theory have seen political liberals advocate and defend a doctrine of restraint, according to which citizens may not rely solely on religious reasons when supporting their favored public policies. This debate notwithstanding, very rarely have social scientists assessed the extent to which citizens actually violate this doctrine. This article evaluates the "political decision-making" model of political liberalism. Data from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults are used to test this model for legalization of same-sex marriage. Our analyses show that while only a very small percentage of U.S. support this policy solely on the basis of their religious convictions, roughly a quarter oppose it for religious reasons alone. Furthermore, we find that higher levels of religious service attendance and importance of religious faith as well as affiliation with evangelical and black Protestantism significantly increase the likelihood of same-sex marriage opposition entirely on religious grounds. C1 [Beyerlein, Kraig] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Eberle, Christopher J.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Beyerlein, K (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Sociol, 817 Flanner Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM kbeyerl1@nd.edu; eberle@usna.edu NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1755-0483 EI 1755-0491 J9 POLIT RELIG JI Polit. Relig. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 240 EP 264 DI 10.1017/S1755048314000297 PG 25 WC Political Science; Religion SC Government & Law; Religion GA AQ9OG UT WOS:000343184600002 ER PT J AU Grasso, R Braca, P Osler, J Hansen, J Willett, P AF Grasso, Raffaele Braca, Paolo Osler, John Hansen, Jim Willett, Peter TI Optimal Asset Network Planning for Counter Piracy Operation Support, Part 2: Results SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 [Grasso, Raffaele; Braca, Paolo; Osler, John] NATO Sci & Technol Org Ctr Maritime Res & Experim, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. [Hansen, Jim] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Willett, Peter] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Grasso, R (reprint author), NATO STO CMRE, Res Dept, Viale San Bartolomeo 400, I-19126 La Spezia, Italy. EM braca@cmre.nato.int; jim.hansen@nrlmry.navy.mil; willett@engr.uconn.edu OI Braca, Paolo/0000-0002-3762-4373 FU Office of Naval Research [N000014-13-1-0231]; NATO Allied Command Transformation FX This work has been funded by the NATO Allied Command Transformation. Peter Willett was partially supported by Office of Naval Research under contract N000014-13-1-0231. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 6 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1109/MAES.2014.130182 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AN2QH UT WOS:000340429900005 ER PT J AU Book, JW Jarosz, E Chiggiato, J Besiktepe, S AF Book, Jeffrey W. Jarosz, Ewa Chiggiato, Jacopo Besiktepe, Sukru TI The oceanic response of the Turkish Straits System to an extreme drop in atmospheric pressure SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL; AEGEAN SEA; BLACK-SEA; CLIMATOLOGY; VARIABILITY; GIBRALTAR; FLOWS AB Moorings across all four entry/exit sections of the Dardanelles Strait and the Bosphorus Strait simultaneously measured the response of the Turkish Straits System to the passage of a severe cyclonic storm that included an atmospheric pressure drop of more than 30 mbar in less than 48 h. The bottom pressure response at the Aegean Sea side of the Dardanelles Strait was consistent with an inverted barometer response, but the response at the other sections did not follow an inverted barometer, leading to a large bottom pressure gradient through the Turkish Straits System. Upper-layer flow toward the Aegean Sea was reversed by the storm and flow toward the Black Sea was greatly enhanced. Bottom pressure across the Sea of Marmara peaked 6 h after the passage of the storm's minimum pressure. The response on the Dardanelles side was a combination of sea elevation and pycnocline depth rise, and the response on the Bosphorus side was an even greater sea elevation rise and a drop in pycnocline depth. The peak in bottom pressure in the Sea of Marmara was followed by another reverse in the flow through the Dardanelles Strait as flow was then directed away from the Sea of Marmara in both straits. A simple conceptual model without wind is able to explain fluctuations in bottom pressure in the Sea of Marmara to a 0.89-0.96 level of correlation. This stresses the importance of atmospheric pressure dynamics in driving the mass flux of the Turkish Strait System for extreme storms. C1 [Book, Jeffrey W.; Jarosz, Ewa] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Chiggiato, Jacopo; Besiktepe, Sukru] NATO Ctr Maritime Res & Expt, La Spezia, Italy. [Chiggiato, Jacopo] CNR, Ist Sci Marine, Venice, Italy. [Besiktepe, Sukru] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Inst Marine Sci & Technol, Izmir, Turkey. RP Book, JW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM book@nrlssc.navy.mil RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Besiktepe, Sukru/L-2272-2013; OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Besiktepe, Sukru/0000-0002-9615-4746; Chiggiato, Jacopo/0000-0002-0998-6473 FU Office of Naval Research FX We thank the Turkish Navy Office of Navigation, Hydrography and Oceanography, the crew of the NRV Alliance, and all those involved with the observational effort during the field experiments. Special thanks is given to Mark Hulbert, Andrew Quaid, Steve Sova, and Wesley Goode for their expert technical work that made it possible to deploy moorings in such environmentally challenging locations. We thank M. Kemal Cambazoglu for his help in researching the local impact of this storm and his helpful comments during early stages of this work. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve the manuscript. J. W. Book and E. Jarosz were supported by the Office of Naval Research as part of the research program "Exchange Processes in Ocean Straits." This is NRL contribution NRL/JA/7330-13-1921. The data used in this paper can be shared with other scientists if written permissions are obtained from the Turkish Navy Office of Navigation, Hydrography and Oceanography and the NATO Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3629 EP 3644 DI 10.1002/2013JC009480 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AN2KT UT WOS:000340414800023 ER PT J AU Rajesh, PK Chen, CH Lin, CH Liu, JY Huba, JD Chen, AB Hsu, RR Chen, YT AF Rajesh, P. K. Chen, C. H. Lin, C. H. Liu, J. Y. Huba, J. D. Chen, A. B. Hsu, R. R. Chen, Y. T. TI Low-latitude midnight brightness in 630.0 nm limb observations by FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM; SEASONAL-VARIATION; REGION; THERMOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; NIGHTGLOW; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; SATELLITE; DENSITY AB This paper investigates the intense airglow brightness often observed in the 630.0 nm limb images taken using Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightnings (ISUAL), onboard FORMOSAT-2 satellite, where the tangent plane of the measurement falls in the local midnight sector. Most of the images show only single brightness, but in some cases there could be multiple peaks, which sometimes appears to be centered on geographic equator and in some cases falls on either sides of the magnetic equator. In order to understand such intense emission in the near-midnight hours, the observations are simulated using SAMI2 (SAMI2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere) model parameters based on the ISUAL viewing geometry. The simulations reproduced the measured airglow intensity pattern quite remarkably and suggested that the meridional neutral wind and the resulting plasma distribution are closely related with the observed brightness. The intensity and locations of the airglow brightness peaks could potentially be utilized to infer the strength of meridional neutral wind. C1 [Rajesh, P. K.; Chen, C. H.; Lin, C. H.; Chen, Y. T.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Lin, C. H.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Earth Dynam Syst Res Ctr, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Liu, J. Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Liu, J. Y.] Res Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Liu, J. Y.] Natl Space Org, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Huba, J. D.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. [Chen, A. B.; Hsu, R. R.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Phys, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. RP Lin, CH (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. EM charles@mail.ncku.edu.tw RI Liu, Jann-Yenq/Q-1668-2015; OI Lin, Charles C. H./0000-0001-8955-8753 FU National Science Council [NSC-100-2628-M-006-002-MY3, NSC-102-2119-M-006-007] FX This work is supported by National Science Council grants NSC-100-2628-M-006-002-MY3 and NSC-102-2119-M-006-007 to National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan. The FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL data are obtained with the permission of ISUAL science group at National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan (http://sprite.phys.ncku.edu.tw/En/Eindex.html). NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 4894 EP 4904 DI 10.1002/2014JA019927 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AM2VZ UT WOS:000339710300053 ER PT J AU Krall, J Huba, JD Denton, RE Crowley, G Wu, TW AF Krall, J. Huba, J. D. Denton, R. E. Crowley, G. Wu, T. -W. TI The effect of the thermosphere on quiet time plasmasphere morphology SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMAGE-RPI; MODEL; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; PLASMAPAUSE; IONOSPHERE; CONVECTION; SPACECRAFT; SATELLITE; FEATURES AB The Naval Research Laboratory SAMI3 (Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere) code is used to model observed plasmasphere dynamics for 1-5 February 2001, a period of quiet time refilling. The SAMI3 model is driven at high latitudes by the magnetospheric potential calculated by the Weimer05 empirical model, using the observed solar wind. At middle-to-low latitudes, the self-consistent dynamo potential is included, driven by specified winds. During this quiet period we find that the shape of the plasmasphere, at any given time, varies significantly with the wind model even as a similar degree of model-data agreement is recovered for each of the three wind models used. Diurnal oscillations in the model electron density, which are strong when plotted at fixed magnetic local time, are consistent with the degree of variation seen in the measured densities. In all three cases, SAMI3 compares favorably to the electron density measured in situ by the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration spacecraft. Results with no winds or with specific wind effects excluded show that wind-driven E x B drifts shape the plasmasphere, relative to a round plasmasphere with no winds, and reduce the refilling rate, relative to the higher refilling rate found without winds. C1 [Krall, J.; Huba, J. D.; Wu, T. -W.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Denton, R. E.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Crowley, G.] Astra Inc, Boulder, CO USA. RP Krall, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonathan.krall@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL Base Funds; NASA LWS Program; NASA [NNX10AQ60G]; NSF [AGS-1105790] FX This research was supported by NRL Base Funds and the NASA LWS Program. Work at Dartmouth College was supported by NASA grant NNX10AQ60G (Living with a Star Targeted Research Plasmasphere focused science topic) and NSF grant AGS-1105790. We thank Yongli Wang of Goddard Space Flight Center for assistance with the IMAGE/RPI data, Joel Fedder of the Naval Research Laboratory for useful comments, and Daniel Weimer of Virginia Tech for assistance with the Weimer05 code. The OMNI data were obtained from the GSFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. Other data are available upon request from the lead author. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 5032 EP 5048 DI 10.1002/2014JA019850 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AM2VZ UT WOS:000339710300066 ER PT J AU Healy, DY Leopold, DA Gray, ST Holbrook, EH AF Healy, David Y., Jr. Leopold, Donald A. Gray, Stacey T. Holbrook, Eric H. TI The Perforation Technique: A Modification to the Frontal Sinus Osteoplastic Flap SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Frontal sinus; external approaches; bossing ID FAT OBLITERATION; OPERATIONS; SURGERY C1 [Healy, David Y., Jr.; Gray, Stacey T.; Holbrook, Eric H.] Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Healy, David Y., Jr.; Gray, Stacey T.; Holbrook, Eric H.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Leopold, Donald A.] Univ Vermont, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Burlington, VT USA. RP Healy, DY (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM dyhealy@hotmail.com NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0023-852X EI 1531-4995 J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD JUN PY 2014 VL 124 IS 6 BP 1314 EP 1317 DI 10.1002/lary.24460 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA AL9SF UT WOS:000339480400018 PM 24122789 ER PT J AU Gillaspy, JA Brinegar, JL Bailey, RE AF Gillaspy, James Arthur, Jr. Brinegar, Jennifer L. Bailey, Robert E. TI OPERANT PSYCHOLOGY MAKES A SPLASH-IN MARINE MAMMAL TRAINING (1955-1965) SO JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; PORPOISE; BEHAVIOR AB Despite the wide spread use of operant conditioning within marine animal training, relatively little is known about this unique application of behavioral technology. This article explores the expansion of operant psychology to commercial marine animal training from 1955 to 1965, specifically at marine parks such as Marine Studios Florida, Marineland of the Pacific, Sea Life Park, and SeaWorld. The contributions of Keller and Marian Breland and their business Animal Behavior Enterprises (ABE) as well as other early practitioners of behavioral technology are reviewed. We also describe how operant technology was introduced and formalized into procedures that have become the cornerstone of marine animal training and entertainment. The rapid growth of the marine park industry during this time was closely linked to the spread of behavioral technology. The expansion of operant training methods within marine animal training is a unique success story of behavioral technology. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Gillaspy, James Arthur, Jr.] Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Psychol & Counseling, Conway, AR 72035 USA. [Brinegar, Jennifer L.] Univ Cent Arkansas, Conway, AR 72035 USA. [Bailey, Robert E.] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. RP Brinegar, JL (reprint author), Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Psychol & Counseling, 201 Donaghey Ave, Conway, AR 72035 USA. EM jbrinegar@uca.edu NR 103 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5061 EI 1520-6696 J9 J HIST BEHAV SCI JI J. Hist. Behav. Sci. PD SUM PY 2014 VL 50 IS 3 BP 231 EP 248 DI 10.1002/jhbs.21664 PG 18 WC History Of Social Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA AL4IJ UT WOS:000339096100001 PM 24962746 ER PT J AU DuBois, AM Thomas, E Amatucci, WE Ganguli, G AF DuBois, Ami M. Thomas, Edward Amatucci, William E., Jr. Ganguli, Gurudas TI Density gradient effects on transverse shear driven lower hybrid waves SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SHEET BOUNDARY-LAYER; FARLEY-BUNEMAN INSTABILITY; LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS; DRIFT INSTABILITY; VELOCITY SHEAR; MAGNETIZED PLASMA; KINETIC-THEORY; IONOSPHERE; FLOWS; MAGNETOPAUSE AB Shear driven instabilities are commonly observed in the near-Earth space, particularly in boundary layer plasmas. When the shear scale length (LE) is much less than the ion gyro-radius (rho(i)) but greater than the electron gyro-radius (rho(e)), the electrons are magnetized in the shear layer, but the ions are effectively un-magnetized. The resulting shear driven instability, the electron-ion hybrid (EIH) instability, is investigated in a new interpenetrating plasma configuration in the Auburn Linear EXperiment for Instability Studies. In order to understand the dynamics of magnetospheric boundary layers, the EIH instability is studied in the presence of a density gradient located at the boundary layer between two plasmas. This paper reports on a recent experiment in which electrostatic lower hybrid waves are identified as the EIH instability, and the effect of a density gradient on the instability properties are investigated. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [DuBois, Ami M.; Thomas, Edward] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Amatucci, William E., Jr.; Ganguli, Gurudas] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DuBois, AM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0019]; Department of Energy-Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-00ER54476] FX This work was supported by grants from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (No. HDTRA1-10-1-0019) and the Department of Energy-Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (No. DE-FG02-00ER54476). NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2014 VL 21 IS 6 AR 062117 DI 10.1063/1.4886145 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AL2ZT UT WOS:000338995300038 ER PT J AU Enloe, CL Tejero, EM Amatucci, WE Crabtree, C Ganguli, G Sotnikov, V AF Enloe, C. L. Tejero, E. M. Amatucci, W. E. Crabtree, C. Ganguli, G. Sotnikov, V. TI Effects of neutral interactions on velocity-shear-driven plasma waves SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON TURBULENCE; DC ELECTRIC-FIELDS; HYBRID INSTABILITY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; IONOSPHERE; GENERATION AB In a laboratory experiment, we demonstrate the substantial effects that collisions between charged and neutral particles have on low-frequency (Omega(i) << omega << Omega(e)) shear-driven electrostatic lower hybrid waves in a plasma. We establish a strong (up to 2.5 kV/m) highly localized electric field with a length scale shorter than the ion gyroradius, so that the ions in the plasma, unlike the electrons, do not develop the full E x B drift velocity. The resulting shear in the particle velocities initiates the electron-ion hybrid (EIH) instability, and we observe the formation of strong waves in the vicinity of the shear with variations in plasma densities of 10% or greater. Our experimental configuration allows us to vary the neutral background density by more than a factor of two while holding the charged particle density effectively constant. Not surprisingly, increasing the neutral density decreases the growth rate/saturation amplitude of the waves and increases the threshold electric field necessary for wave formation, but the presence of neutrals affects the dominant wave frequency as well. We show that a 50% increase in the neutral density decreases the wave frequency by 20% while also suppressing the electric field dependence of the frequency that is observed when fewer neutrals are present. The majority of these effects, as well as the values of the frequencies we observe, closely match the predictions of previously developed linear EIH instability theory, for which we present the results of a numerical solution. C1 [Enloe, C. L.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Tejero, E. M.; Amatucci, W. E.; Crabtree, C.; Ganguli, G.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sotnikov, V.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Enloe, CL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. OI Crabtree, Christopher/0000-0002-6682-9992 FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Funds; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by Naval Research Laboratory Base Funds and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2014 VL 21 IS 6 AR 062114 DI 10.1063/1.4885315 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AL2ZT UT WOS:000338995300035 ER PT J AU Gillman, ED Amatucci, WE AF Gillman, Eric D. Amatucci, W. E. TI Early results of microwave transmission experiments through an overly dense rectangular plasma sheet with microparticle injection SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DUSTY PLASMAS; SCATTERING AB These experiments utilize a linear hollow cathode to create a dense, rectangular plasma sheet to simulate the plasma layer surrounding vehicles traveling at hypersonic velocities within the Earth's atmosphere. Injection of fine dielectric microparticles significantly reduces the electron density and therefore lowers the electron plasma frequency by binding a significant portion of the bulk free electrons to the relatively massive microparticles. Measurements show that microwave transmission through this previously overly dense, impenetrable plasma layer increases with the injection of alumina microparticles approximately 60 mu m in diameter. This method of electron depletion is a potential means of mitigating the radio communications blackout experienced by hypersonic vehicles. C1 [Gillman, Eric D.] US Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Amatucci, W. E.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillman, ED (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM eric.gillman.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by U.S. Naval Research Laboratory base funds. This research was performed while the author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2014 VL 21 IS 6 AR 060701 DI 10.1063/1.4885085 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AL2ZT UT WOS:000338995300001 ER PT J AU Reid, RR Romero-Talamas, CA Young, WC Ellis, RF Hassam, AB AF Reid, R. R. Romero-Talamas, C. A. Young, W. C. Ellis, R. F. Hassam, A. B. TI 100 eV electron temperatures in the Maryland centrifugal experiment observed using electron Bernstein emission SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ROTATING PLASMA; WAVE EMISSION AB Thermal electron Bernstein emission has been observed at the second harmonic of the electron cyclotron frequency at the mid-plane of the Maryland Centrifugal eXperiment. The emission is received in the X-mode polarization and coupled to the Bernstein wave by the B-X mode conversion process. The average B-X coupling efficiency is approximately 20%. The observed emission indicates thermal electron temperatures an excess of 100 eV in the core of the rotating plasma. The measured electron temperature is consistent with recent ion temperature measurements and indicates that the total energy confinement time exceeds 500 mu s. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Reid, R. R.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Romero-Talamas, C. A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Young, W. C.] Univ Wisconsin, CPLA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ellis, R. F.; Hassam, A. B.] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Reid, RR (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM remington.r.reid@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Energy FX We gratefully thank Dr. John Rodgers for both the loan of vital equipment and many stimulating conversations. Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2014 VL 21 IS 6 AR 063305 DI 10.1063/1.4883499 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AL2ZT UT WOS:000338995300096 ER PT J AU Pecora, LM Sorrentino, F Hagerstrom, AM Murphy, TE Roy, R AF Pecora, Louis M. Sorrentino, Francesco Hagerstrom, Aaron M. Murphy, Thomas E. Roy, Rajarshi TI Cluster synchronization and isolated desynchronization in complex networks with symmetries SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB Synchronization is of central importance in power distribution, telecommunication, neuronal and biological networks. Many networks are observed to produce patterns of synchronized clusters, but it has been difficult to predict these clusters or understand the conditions under which they form. Here we present a new framework and develop techniques for the analysis of network dynamics that shows the connection between network symmetries and cluster formation. The connection between symmetries and cluster synchronization is experimentally confirmed in the context of real networks with heterogeneities and noise using an electrooptic network. We experimentally observe and theoretically predict a surprising phenomenon in which some clusters lose synchrony without disturbing the others. Our analysis shows that such behaviour will occur in a wide variety of networks and node dynamics. The results could guide the design of new power grid systems or lead to new understanding of the dynamical behaviour of networks ranging from neural to social. C1 [Pecora, Louis M.] US Naval Res Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sorrentino, Francesco] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hagerstrom, Aaron M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hagerstrom, Aaron M.; Murphy, Thomas E.; Roy, Rajarshi] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Murphy, Thomas E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roy, Rajarshi] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roy, Rajarshi] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pecora, LM (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM louis.pecora@nrl.navy.mil RI Murphy, Thomas/H-2199-2011 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-8286-3832 NR 41 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 6 U2 44 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 5 AR 4079 DI 10.1038/ncomms5079 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL0SV UT WOS:000338838000023 PM 24923317 ER PT J AU Turner, KB Zabetakis, D Legler, P Goldman, ER Anderson, GP AF Turner, Kendrick B. Zabetakis, Dan Legler, Patricia Goldman, Ellen R. Anderson, George P. TI Isolation and Epitope Mapping of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Single-Domain Antibodies SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE nanobodies; surface plasmon resonance; circular dichroism ID LIGHT-CHAINS; FRAGMENTS; SUPERANTIGENS; SELECTION; TOXIN AB Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), derived from the heavy chain only antibodies found in camelids such as llamas have the potential to provide rugged detection reagents with high affinities, and the ability to refold after denaturation. We have isolated and characterized sdAbs specific to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) which bind to two distinct epitopes and are able to function in a sandwich immunoassay for toxin detection. Characterization of these sdAbs revealed that each exhibited nanomolar binding affinities or better. Melting temperatures for the sdAbs ranged from approximately 60 degrees C to over 70 degrees C, with each demonstrating at least partial refolding after denaturation and several were able to completely refold. A first set of sdAbs was isolated by panning the library using adsorbed antigen, all of which recognized the same epitope on SEB. Epitope mapping suggested that these sdAbs bind to a particular fragment of SEB (VKSIDQF (L) under bar YFDLIYSI) containing position L45 (underlined), which is involved in binding to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Differences in the binding affinities of the sdAbs to SEB and a less-toxic vaccine immunogen, SEBv (L45R/Y89A/Y94A) were also consistent with binding to this epitope. A sandwich panning strategy was utilized to isolate sdAbs which bind a second epitope. This epitope differed from the initial one obtained or from that recognized by previously isolated anti-SEB sdAb A3. Using SEB-toxin spiked milk we demonstrated that these newly isolated sdAbs could be utilized in sandwich-assays with each other, A3, and with various monoclonal antibodies. C1 [Turner, Kendrick B.] Amer Soc Engn Educ, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Turner, Kendrick B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Zabetakis, Dan; Legler, Patricia; Goldman, Ellen R.; Anderson, George P.] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kendrick.turner.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; daniel.zabetakis@nrl.navy.mil; patricia.legler@nrl.navy.mil; ellen.goldman@nrl.navy.mil; george.anderson@nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 FU Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory; Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency [CBCALL12-LS6-2-0036] FX K.B.T. is an American Society for Engineering Education Postdoctoral Fellow at the Naval Research Laboratory. This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research/Naval Research Laboratory base funds and by Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency project number CBCALL12-LS6-2-0036. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 10 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD JUN PY 2014 VL 14 IS 6 BP 10846 EP 10863 DI 10.3390/s140610846 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AK7VK UT WOS:000338635600074 PM 24949641 ER PT J AU Field, CR Tamanaha, CR Woytowitz, M Rose-Pehrsson, SL AF Field, Christopher R. Tamanaha, Cy R. Woytowitz, Morgan Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L. TI A versatile sensor performance evaluation platform with an impactor-inspired sample chamber and virtual pin grid array SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sensors; pin grid array; chamber; electronics; characterization ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; VAPOR DETECTION; MICROCANTILEVERS; EXPLOSIVES; NANOWIRES AB We present the details necessary for building a scalable, flexible, and universal sensor performance evaluation platform with an impactor-inspired sample chamber and a virtual pin grid array for maintaining electrical connections. The system is designed to accommodate a wide range of sensors varying in physical dimensions, electrical connections, and transduction mechanisms. By integrating a switch matrix system with a commercial chip carrier, we have built a platform for rapidly screening sensors for promise in military, homeland security, and commercial applications without requiring custom circuits or packages for each sensor technology. Intuitive, graphical software is written and provided to control and monitor temperature, flow rate, and electrical connections. The system is capable of operating and interfacing with a variety of vapor delivery systems for chemical vapor detection measurements of emerging sensor technologies. C1 [Field, Christopher R.; Tamanaha, Cy R.; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Woytowitz, Morgan] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Field, CR (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM christopher.field@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 25 IS 6 AR 065901 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/25/6/065901 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AK6UK UT WOS:000338562600050 ER PT J AU Cai, MZ Outlaw, RA Quinlan, RA Premathilake, D Butler, SM Miller, JR AF Cai, Minzhen Outlaw, Ronald A. Quinlan, Ronald A. Premathilake, Dilshan Butler, Sue M. Miller, John R. TI Fast Response, Vertically Oriented Graphene Nanosheet Electric Double Layer Capacitors Synthesized from C2H2 SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE graphene; EDLC; electrodes; RF-PECVD; AC filtering; energy storage ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON NANOSHEETS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SUPERCAPACITORS; PERFORMANCE; DISCHARGES; DEPOSITION; ACETYLENE; HYDROGEN AB The growth and electrical characteristics of vertically oriented graphene nanosheets grown by radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from C2H2 feedstock on nickel substrates and used as electrodes in symmetric electric double layer capacitors (EDLC) are presented. The nanosheets exhibited 2.7 times faster growth rate and much greater specific capacitance for a given growth time than CH4 synthesized films. Raman spectra showed that the intensity ratio of the D band to G band versus temperature initially decreased to a minimum value of 0.45 at a growth temperature of 750 degrees C, but increased rapidly with further temperature increase (1.15 at 850 degrees C). The AC specific capacitance at 120 Hz of these EDLC devices increased in a linear fashion with growth temperature, up to 265 mu F/cm(2) (2 mu m high film, 850 degrees C with 10 min growth). These devices exhibited ultrafast frequency response: the frequency response at -45 degrees phase angle reached over 20 kHz. Consistent with the increase in D band to G band ratio, the morphology of the films became less vertical, less crystalline, and disordered at substrate temperatures of 800 degrees C and above. This deterioration in morphology resulted in an increase in graphene surface area and defect density, which, in turn, contributed to the increased capacitance, as well as a slight decrease in frequency response. The low equivalent series resistance varied from 0.07 to 0.08 Omega and was attributed to the significant carbon incorporation into the Ni substrate. C1 [Cai, Minzhen; Outlaw, Ronald A.; Quinlan, Ronald A.; Premathilake, Dilshan] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Quinlan, Ronald A.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Mat & Power Syst Branch, Carderock Div, West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Butler, Sue M.; Miller, John R.] JME Inc, Beachwood, OH 44122 USA. [Miller, John R.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Great Lakes Energy Inst, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Outlaw, RA (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM raoutl@wm.edu FU Army Research Laboratory (ARL) [ARL W911QX-13-C-0056]; Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program [0601152N] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) for financial support (ARL W911QX-13-C-0056) and thank Dr. Matt Ervin of the ARL for many helpful discussions. R. A. Quinlan would like to acknowledge financial support by the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's In-house Laboratory Independent Research Program administrated under ONR's Program Element 0601152N. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 20 U2 117 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 6 BP 5873 EP 5882 DI 10.1021/nn5009319 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AK0FV UT WOS:000338089200051 PM 24797018 ER PT J AU Gentry, S Chow, E Wickliffe, C Shteyn, E Leighton, T Kasiske, B Segev, D AF Gentry, S. Chow, E. Wickliffe, C. Shteyn, E. Leighton, T. Kasiske, B. Segev, D. TI Optimized Redistricting for Liver Allocation: Exploring the Impact of Choices By the Transplant Community. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT World Transplant Congress CY JUL 26-31, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA C1 [Gentry, S.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gentry, S.; Chow, E.; Wickliffe, C.; Segev, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gentry, S.; Shteyn, E.; Leighton, T.; Kasiske, B.; Segev, D.] Sci Registry Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-6135 EI 1600-6143 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 14 SU 3 MA 620 BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA AJ9LU UT WOS:000338033300480 ER PT J AU Gentry, S Chow, E Zaun, D Leighton, T Segev, D AF Gentry, S. Chow, E. Zaun, D. Leighton, T. Segev, D. TI Organ Procurement Organization Performance and Net Import of Deceased Donor Livers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT World Transplant Congress CY JUL 26-31, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA C1 [Gentry, S.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gentry, S.; Chow, E.; Segev, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gentry, S.; Zaun, D.; Leighton, T.; Segev, D.] Sci Registry Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-6135 EI 1600-6143 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 14 SU 3 MA 2236 BP 182 EP 183 PG 2 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA AJ9LU UT WOS:000338033300556 ER PT J AU Chow, E Gentry, S Wickliffe, C Massie, A Segev, D AF Chow, E. Gentry, S. Wickliffe, C. Massie, A. Segev, D. TI Relationship Between Transport Time and Cold Ischemia Time in Liver Transplantation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT World Transplant Congress CY JUL 26-31, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA C1 [Chow, E.; Gentry, S.; Wickliffe, C.; Massie, A.; Segev, D.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Gentry, S.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Gentry, S.; Segev, D.] Sci Registry Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1600-6135 EI 1600-6143 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 14 SU 3 MA B1085 BP 725 EP 726 PG 2 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA AJ9LU UT WOS:000338033303238 ER PT J AU Simon, J Regnier, E Whitney, L AF Simon, Jay Regnier, Eva Whitney, Laura TI A Value-Focused Approach to Energy Transformation in the United States Department of Defense SO DECISION ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE value-focused thinking; objectives: identification of; objectives: structuring of; objectives: measuring; applications: energy ID OBJECTIVES AB The United States Department of Defense (DoD) has identified its energy requirements as a key vulnerability and in recent years has taken substantial initiatives to improve its energy profile. As part of this process, DoD leaders have issued guidance documents outlining goals and objectives relating to energy. These documents are intended to inform many different decisions at strategic, managerial, and operational levels. They specify a wide range of objectives that overlap only partially, while identical terms appear in many documents, but with inconsistent definitions. In this paper, we review 44 strategic guidance documents and apply a value-focused thinking approach to identify and define explicitly a comprehensive set of common objectives for energy decisions in the DoD. The objectives and associated definitions are intended to facilitate horizontal and vertical communication within the DoD. In addition, the objectives we define suggest possible metrics that may be comparable across services and in some cases may be aggregated across organizational levels. C1 [Simon, Jay; Regnier, Eva; Whitney, Laura] Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Simon, J (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jrsimon@nps.edu; eregnier@nps.edu; whitney_laura@bah.com OI Simon, Jay/0000-0003-3377-0987 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 1545-8490 EI 1545-8504 J9 DECIS ANAL JI Decis. Anal. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 11 IS 2 BP 117 EP 132 DI 10.1287/deca.2014.0292 PG 16 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA AL2AU UT WOS:000338929000003 ER PT J AU Pasour, J Wright, E Nguyen, KT Balkcum, A Wood, FN Myers, RE Levush, B AF Pasour, John Wright, Edward Nguyen, Khanh T. Balkcum, Adam Wood, Franklin N. Myers, Robert E. Levush, Baruch TI Demonstration of a Multikilowatt, Solenoidally Focused Sheet Beam Amplifier at 94 GHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Amplifier; extended interaction klystron (EIK); millimeter wave (MMW); sheet beam; vacuum electronics ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; DESIGN; GUN AB A technological breakthrough is embodied in the successful demonstration of an extended interaction klystron (EIK) amplifier, which has produced over 7.5 kW of peak output power at W-band (94 GHz). An efficiency of similar to 17% has been achieved with a depressed collector. The EIK is driven by a 20-kV, 4-A sheet beam in a permanent magnet solenoid, with 99% beam current transmission from gun to collector. Key features that contribute to the success of this device are: 1) tight beam focusing and correspondingly narrow beam tunnel, which are made possible by the solenoidal focusing and which provide high interaction impedance and high gain per unit length and 2) the incorporation of design elements to stabilize the inherently over-moded circuit. Measured performance agrees well with 3-D particle-in-cell simulations. C1 [Pasour, John; Wood, Franklin N.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wright, Edward; Nguyen, Khanh T.; Myers, Robert E.] Beam Wave Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Balkcum, Adam] Commun & Power Ind Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Pasour, J (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.pasour@nrl.navy.mil; ewright.bwresearch@comcast.net; knguyen.bwresearch@comcast.net; adam.balkcum@cpii.com; franklin.wood@nrl.navy.mil; bob.myers.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; Baruch.Levush@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor W. L. Menninger. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUN PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 SI SI BP 1630 EP 1636 DI 10.1109/TED.2013.2295771 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AJ9JP UT WOS:000338026200001 ER PT J AU Pershing, DE Nguyen, KT Abe, DK Wright, E Larsen, PB Pasour, J Cooke, SJ Balkcum, A Wood, FN Myers, RE Levush, B AF Pershing, Dean E. Nguyen, Khanh T. Abe, David K. Wright, Edward Larsen, Paul B. Pasour, John Cooke, Simon J. Balkcum, Adam Wood, Franklin N. Myers, Robert E. Levush, Baruch TI Demonstration of a Wideband 10-kW Ka-Band Sheet Beam TWT Amplifier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Amplifier; coupled-cavity (CC); millimeter wave; sheet beam; traveling wave tube (TWT); vacuum electronics AB A sheet-beam coupled-cavity traveling wave tube has produced over 10 kW of peak power at a center frequency of 34 GHz, with a 3-dB bandwidth of almost 5 GHz. The power of this amplifier is an order of magnitude higher than state-of-the-art conventional amplifiers of comparable frequency, bandwidth, and operating voltage (<20 kV). This unprecedented performance is made possible by a unique, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)-developed sheet electron beam along with a novel slow-wave interaction structure. High-current, low-voltage operation provides high gain per unit length and allows an interaction structure <5-cm long to be used to achieve the desired gain of 15 dB at saturation. Measured performance agrees well with 3-D particle-in-cell simulations. C1 [Pershing, Dean E.; Nguyen, Khanh T.; Wright, Edward; Myers, Robert E.] Beam Wave Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Abe, David K.; Larsen, Paul B.; Pasour, John; Cooke, Simon J.; Wood, Franklin N.; Levush, Baruch] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Balkcum, Adam] Commun & Power Ind Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Pershing, DE (reprint author), Beam Wave Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM dean.pershing.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; knguyen.bwresearch@comcast.net; david.abe@nrl.navy.mil; ewright.bwresearch@comcast.net; paul.larsen@ansys.com; john.pasour@nrl.navy.mil; simon.cooke@nrl.navy.mil; adam.balkcum@cpii.com; franklin.wood@nrl.navy.mil; robert.myers@nrl.navy.mil; baruch.levush@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research, USA FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, USA. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor W. L. Menninger. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 27 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUN PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 SI SI BP 1637 EP 1642 DI 10.1109/TED.2014.2304473 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AJ9JP UT WOS:000338026200002 ER PT J AU Joye, CD Cook, AM Calame, JP Abe, DK Vlasov, AN Chernyavskiy, IA Nguyen, KT Wright, EL Pershing, DE Kimura, T Hyttinen, M Levush, B AF Joye, Colin D. Cook, Alan M. Calame, Jeffrey P. Abe, David K. Vlasov, Alexander N. Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Nguyen, Khanh T. Wright, Edward L. Pershing, Dean E. Kimura, Takuji Hyttinen, Mark Levush, Baruch TI Demonstration of a High Power, Wideband 220-GHz Traveling Wave Amplifier Fabricated by UV-LIGA SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Electron tubes; lithography; millimeter wave amplifiers; millimeter wave tubes; traveling wave tubes (TWTs). AB We present the first vacuum electronic traveling wave amplifier to incorporate an interaction circuit fabricated by ultraviolet (UV) photolithography and electroforming, demonstrating over 60 W of output power at 214.5 GHz from a 12.1 kV, 118 mA electron beam. The tube also achieved an instantaneous bandwidth of similar to 15 GHz in G-band in the small signal regime. The all-copper circuit was fabricated in two layers using a UV-transparent polymer monofilament embedded in the photoresist to form the beam tunnel prior to electroforming. Effects arising from fabrication errors and target tolerances are discussed. This microfabrication technique and demonstration paves the way for a new era of vacuum electron devices that could extend into the 1-2 THz range with advances in high-current-density electron guns. C1 [Joye, Colin D.; Cook, Alan M.; Calame, Jeffrey P.; Abe, David K.; Vlasov, Alexander N.; Chernyavskiy, Igor A.; Levush, Baruch] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.; Wright, Edward L.; Pershing, Dean E.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Kimura, Takuji] Commun & Power Ind Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Hyttinen, Mark] Commun & Power Ind Inc, Georgetown, ON L7G 2J4, Canada. RP Joye, CD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM colin.joye@nrl.navy.mil; alan.cook@nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.calame@nrl.navy.mil; dave.abe@nrl.navy.mil; alexander.vlasov@nrl.navy.mil; igor.chernyavskiy@nrl.navy.mil; khanh.nguyen.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; ewright.bwresearch@comcast.net; dean.pershing.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; takuji.kimura@cpii.com; mark.hyttinen@cpii.com; baruch.levush@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research; DARPA FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research and in part by DARPA. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor C. Paoloni. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUN PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 SI SI BP 1672 EP 1678 DI 10.1109/TED.2014.2300014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AJ9JP UT WOS:000338026200008 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KT Vlasov, AN Ludeking, L Joye, CD Cook, AM Calame, JP Pasour, JA Pershing, DE Wright, EL Cooke, SJ Levush, B Abe, DK Chernin, DP Chernyavskiy, IA AF Nguyen, Khanh T. Vlasov, Alexander N. Ludeking, Lars Joye, Colin D. Cook, Alan M. Calame, Jeffrey P. Pasour, John A. Pershing, Dean E. Wright, Edward L. Cooke, Simon J. Levush, Baruch Abe, David K. Chernin, David P. Chernyavskiy, Igor A. TI Design Methodology and Experimental Verification of Serpentine/Folded-Waveguide TWTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Amplifier; backward-wave oscillation (BWO); dispersion; folded waveguide (FW); oscillation; serpentine; stopband; traveling-wave tube (TWT); vacuum electronics ID CIRCUITS; TUBE AB The general electromagnetic properties and design methodology for serpentine/folded-waveguide (FW) amplifiers are presented. In addition, hybrid-waveguide circuit topologies, which permit greater design flexibility than the basic serpentine/FW topologies, are also introduced, and their dispersion characteristics are discussed. Experimental validation of design methodology and tools is provided via test results of the recently demonstrated wideband 220-GHz serpentine amplifier, which embodies the design methodology described herein. Particular attention will be paid to the comparison between code prediction and experimental data, which are in excellent agreement. C1 [Nguyen, Khanh T.; Pershing, Dean E.; Wright, Edward L.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Vlasov, Alexander N.; Joye, Colin D.; Cook, Alan M.; Calame, Jeffrey P.; Pasour, John A.; Cooke, Simon J.; Levush, Baruch; Abe, David K.; Chernyavskiy, Igor A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ludeking, Lars] ATK Mission Res, Newington, VA 22122 USA. [Chernin, David P.] Leidos Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nguyen, KT (reprint author), Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM knguyen.bwresearch@comcast.net; Alexander.vlasov@nrl.navy.mil; lars.ludeking@atk.com; colin.joye@nrl.navy.mil; alan.cook@nrl.navy.mil; jeffrey.calame@nrl.navy.mil; john.pasour@nrl.navy.mil; dean.pershing@nrl.navy.mil; ewright.bwresearch@comcast.net; ewright.bwresearch@comcast.net; baruch.levush@nrl.navy.mil; dave.abe@nrl.navy.mil; david.chernin@saic.com; igor.chernyavskiy@nrl.navy.mil FU U.S. Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor W. L. Menninger. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUN PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 SI SI BP 1679 EP 1686 DI 10.1109/TED.2014.2303711 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AJ9JP UT WOS:000338026200009 ER PT J AU Chernin, D Antonsen, TM Vlasov, AN Chernyavskiy, IA Nguyen, KT Levush, B AF Chernin, David Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr. Vlasov, Alexander N. Chernyavskiy, Igor A. Nguyen, Khanh T. Levush, Baruch TI 1-D Large Signal Model of Folded-Waveguide Traveling Wave Tubes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Equivalent circuit; folded-waveguide; large signal simulation; traveling wave tube ID HIGH-POWER; SIMULATION; RADIATION; CIRCUITS; TWTS AB A recently published hybrid circuit model for folded-waveguide slow wave structures has been implemented in the 1-D large signal code CHRISTINE. The resulting code is applied to a design for a G-band (220 GHz) folded-waveguide traveling wave tube. Results of small and large signal gain are compared with those from TESLA, a 2-D code using the same circuit model. Conditions for accuracy of the 1-D model are illustrated and explained. The effects of an offset beam tunnel on circuit dispersion and amplifier stability are illustrated using the CHRISTINE code. C1 [Chernin, David; Antonsen, Thomas M., Jr.] Leidos Inc, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Vlasov, Alexander N.; Chernyavskiy, Igor A.; Levush, Baruch] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nguyen, Khanh T.] Beam Wave Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Chernin, D (reprint author), Leidos Inc, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM david.p.chernin@leidos.com; antonsen@umd.edu; alexander.vlasov@nrl.navy.mil; igor.chernyavskiy@nrl.navy.mil; knguyen.bwresearch@comcast.net; baruch.levush@nrl.navy.mil RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor C. Paoloni. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUN PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 SI SI BP 1699 EP 1706 DI 10.1109/TED.2014.2298100 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AJ9JP UT WOS:000338026200012 ER PT J AU Pchelnikov, YN Chernin, D Vlasov, AN AF Pchelnikov, Yuriy N. Chernin, David Vlasov, Alexander N. TI Bi-Helix SWS for High-Power TWTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Backward-wave oscillation; bi-helix; dispersion; helix; periodicity; slowing down; traveling-wave tube (TWT) ID KA-BAND AB We have studied the electromagnetic properties of bi-helix slow-wave structures (SWSs) with added azimuthal conductors in the form of: 1) metal rings connecting the helices and 2) an azimuthally conducting screen formed by metal rings with and without capacitive gaps. We show that these added azimuthal conductors suppress backward-wave oscillation and enable stable high-voltage, high-power operation of traveling-wave tubes (TWTs). Prototype circuits were fabricated and the dependence of phase velocities of the in-phase (fundamental) and opposite-phase (BWO) modes on frequency and on the geometrical parameters of the rings were measured and analyzed. Novel, easily fabricated designs of bi-helix SWSs with circular metallization on diaphragm supports are proposed. These practical designs will make it possible to increase the maximum stable operating voltage of wideband TWTs to 30-40 kV, with a corresponding increase in output power without the danger of BWO. C1 [Pchelnikov, Yuriy N.; Chernin, David] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Vlasov, Alexander N.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pchelnikov, YN (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM yupchel@gmail.com; david.p.chernin@leidos.com; vlasov@ccs.nrl.navy.mil FU Army Research Office; Office of Naval Research FX Manuscript received September 19, 2013; revised November 5, 2013; accepted November 11, 2013. Date of publication December 11, 2013; date of current version May 16, 2014. This work was supported by the Army Research Office and the Office of Naval Research. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor W. L. Menninger. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUN PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 SI SI BP 1871 EP 1876 DI 10.1109/TED.2013.2292312 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AJ9JP UT WOS:000338026200040 ER PT J AU Weber, BV Mosher, D Ottinger, PF AF Weber, Bruce V. Mosher, David Ottinger, Paul F. TI Fit Functions for Relativistic, Single-Species and Bipolar, and Space-Charge-Limited Current Densities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bipolar flow; space-charge-limited (SCL) emission ID DIODE; FLOW AB This technical note reviews solutions for planar, relativistic space-charge-limited (SCL) flow both for the single species case with electrons and for bipolar flow with electrons and protons. In most cases, numerical integration or evaluation of special functions is needed to obtain values for these solutions. Here, fit functions for these solutions are derived so that they can be used to calculate 1-D SCL electron and proton current densities and the bipolar enhancement factor for any voltage, including the range transitioning from nonrelativistic to relativistic behavior (approximately 0.1-2 MV, gamma = 1.2-5 for electrons and 10(2)-10(5) MV, gamma = 1.1-100 for protons). These fit functions reproduce the exact values to within a few percent, or with an error correction, to within a fraction of 1%. These functions should be useful for evaluating SCL current densities for a range of problems where relativistic effects are important and the 1-D approximation is applicable. C1 [Weber, Bruce V.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Mosher, David; Ottinger, Paul F.] Engility Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bruce.weber@nrl.navy.mil; dave.mosher.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; ottinger_paul@comcast.net FU U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This work was supported by the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1819 EP 1822 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2319208 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA AK0PY UT WOS:000338118000043 ER PT J AU Thorp, O Piper, G Cortesi, R AF Thorp, Owen Piper, George Cortesi, Roger TI Frequency domain modeling and experimental validation of surface vehicle-wave interaction for planar motion control SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Experimental validation; heave and pitch dynamics; modeling AB This paper aims at developing a model based on theoretical first principles involving nonlinear equations for the coupled heave and pitch dynamics of surface vehicles that is suitable for evaluating planar motion control strategies. The model developed uses a novel approach of representing the ship dynamics in the frequency domain that provides greater insight to the surface vehicle's behavior over a wider operating range than the traditional time domain models. The theoretical model was validated by experimental data that was obtained from tow tank experiments. The theoretical model results compared well with the experimental data. C1 [Thorp, Owen; Piper, George] US Naval Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Cortesi, Roger] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Thorp, O (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM thorp@usna.edu FU Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [N000173-10-WR-00352] FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) (grant number N000173-10-WR-00352). NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1077-5463 EI 1741-2986 J9 J VIB CONTROL JI J. Vib. Control PD JUN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1163 EP 1175 DI 10.1177/1077546312468926 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA AK9BI UT WOS:000338722100005 ER PT J AU Tehrani, M Boroujeni, AY Luhrs, C Phillips, J Al-Haik, MS AF Tehrani, Mehran Boroujeni, Ayoub Yari Luhrs, Claudia Phillips, Jonathan Al-Haik, Marwan S. TI Hybrid Composites Based on Carbon Fiber/Carbon Nanofilament Reinforcement SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE carbon fiber; carbon nanofilaments; fiber reinforced composites; mechanical properties ID NANOTUBE GROWTH; FIBERS; DEPOSITION; OXIDATION AB Carbon nanofilament and nanotubes (CNTs) have shown promise for enhancing the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites (FRPs) and imparting multi-functionalities to them. While direct mixing of carbon nanofilaments with the polymer matrix in FRPs has several drawbacks, a high volume of uniform nanofilaments can be directly grown on fiber surfaces prior to composite fabrication. This study demonstrates the ability to create carbon nanofilaments on the surface of carbon fibers employing a synthesis method, graphitic structures by design (GSD), in which carbon structures are grown from fuel mixtures using nickel particles as the catalyst. The synthesis technique is proven feasible to grow nanofilament structures-from ethylene mixtures at 550 degrees C-on commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers. Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy were employed to characterize the surface-grown carbon species. For comparison purposes, a catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) technique was also utilized to grow multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs) on carbon fiber yarns. The mechanical characterization showed that composites using the GSD-grown carbon nanofilaments outperform those using the CCVD-grown CNTs in terms of stiffness and tensile strength. The results suggest that further optimization of the GSD growth time, patterning and thermal shield coating of the carbon fibers is required to fully materialize the potential benefits of the GSD technique. C1 [Tehrani, Mehran] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Boroujeni, Ayoub Yari; Al-Haik, Marwan S.] Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Luhrs, Claudia] Naval Postgrad Sch, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Phillips, Jonathan] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Al-Haik, MS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mtehrani@unm.edu; yari@vt.edu; ccluhrs@nps.edu; jphillip@nps.edu; alhaik@vt.edu RI Al-Haik, Marwan/L-7732-2014 OI Al-Haik, Marwan/0000-0001-7465-0274 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [10960991]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-0846589, CMMI-1200506] FX This work has been supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), Grant No. 10960991, and the National Science Foundation (NSF), awards CMMI-0846589 and CMMI-1200506. The authors gratefully acknowledge this support. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 34 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD JUN PY 2014 VL 7 IS 6 BP 4182 EP 4195 DI 10.3390/ma7064182 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AK6DC UT WOS:000338517300006 ER PT J AU Whitener, KE Sheehan, PE AF Whitener, Keith E., Jr. Sheehan, Paul E. TI Graphene synthesis SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; Synthesis; CVD; Graphene oxide; Epitaxial; Exfoliation ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SINGLE-LAYER GRAPHENE; GRAPHITE FLUORIDE; LARGE-AREA; HETEROEPITAXIAL GRAPHITE; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; MONOLAYER GRAPHENE; SILICON-CARBIDE; FILMS; OXIDE AB The promise of graphene, a two-dimensional hexagonal form of elemental carbon, as a revolutionary material has sparked a flurry of research into its optical, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. The most famous method of isolating graphene sheets, introduced by Novoselov et al. in 2004 [1], uses adhesive tape to mechanically cleave graphite crystals into successively thinner platelets. This micromechanical cleavage is time-consuming and produces an abundance of few- and multilayer graphene along with single-layer material. In addition, the area of the graphene sheet obtained by this method is limited by the initial size of the graphite crystal. These limitations of micromechanical cleavage, along with the explosion of interest in graphene in general, have led researchers to devise a number of alternative methods for graphene synthesis. In this review, we discuss different synthetic methods for obtaining graphene along with their advantages and disadvantages and then introduce current avenues of research in this rapidly expanding field. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Whitener, Keith E., Jr.] NRC Postdoctoral Res Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Sheehan, Paul E.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitener, KE (reprint author), NRC Postdoctoral Res Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keith.whitener.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Program; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. K.E.W. appreciates the support of the National Research Council. NR 80 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 47 U2 210 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 EI 1879-0062 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 46 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2014.04.006 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AJ8VL UT WOS:000337985900005 ER PT J AU Han, X Mandal, S Pattipati, KR Kleinman, DL Mishra, M AF Han, Xu Mandal, Suvasri Pattipati, Krishna R. Kleinman, David L. Mishra, Manisha TI An Optimization-Based Distributed Planning Algorithm: A Blackboard-Based Collaborative Framework SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN CYBERNETICS-SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Blackboard architecture; collaborative planning; distributed agents; operational-level planning; resource allocation ID NORMATIVE DESIGN; MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; ORGANIZATIONS AB Motivated by the need for multiple agents to collaborate in order to solve a distributed resource allocation planning problem, this paper develops a distributed framework that combines each agent's information, expertise, responsibility, and asset ownership with the goal of optimizing a given mission objective. A mission is a collection of interdependent tasks to be executed in a directed/sequential sequence. Each task is modeled by a vector of resource requirements, a processing time, and a start time (release time). Each agent has a subset of tasks for which it is responsible, and owns a set of heterogeneous assets, where each asset is modeled by a vector of resource capabilities that it provides. Multiple agents must collaboratively allocate assets to tasks to maximize an expected mission performance, defined by how well all of the tasks' requirements are satisfied by the allocated asset capabilities. Our agent-based distributed planning framework uses a blackboard communication paradigm to exchange information among agents. The framework contains an intra-agent and an interagent module that support individual and cooperative planning, respectively. The intra-agent module employs an optimization-based m-best asset allocation algorithm to match an agent's own tasks with its locally owned assets. The interagent module coordinates the exchange of information and asset allocations among agents to improve the local plans using an asset pricing mechanism, and includes a means for characterizing an agent's cooperative behavior. C1 [Han, Xu; Pattipati, Krishna R.; Mishra, Manisha] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect Engn, Storrs, CT 06029 USA. [Kleinman, David L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Informat Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Han, X (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect Engn, Storrs, CT 06029 USA. EM suvasri.mandal@gmail.com; krishna@engr.uconn.edu; dlkleinm@nps.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0062, N00014-12-1-0238] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-09-1-0062 and Contract N00014-12-1-0238. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor J.-P. Barthes. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-2216 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY-S JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. -Syst. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 44 IS 6 BP 673 EP 686 DI 10.1109/TSMC.2013.2276392 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA AJ7VH UT WOS:000337907100001 ER PT J AU Garren, DA AF Garren, David Alan TI Smear signature morphology of surface targets with arbitrary motion in spotlight synthetic aperture radar imagery SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID MOVING TARGETS; SAR IMAGES; OBJECTS AB This study develops a methodology for analytically predicting the detailed smear signature morphology of surface targets with arbitrary motion in spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The radar sensor is assumed to move with constant speed and heading on a level flight path with broadside imaging geometry. Cases of uniform target motion exhibit morphology of simply curved smear shapes, as has been reported previously. However, the present analysis shows that non-uniform target motion can cause complicated smear shapes in spotlight SAR imagery. Specifically, the method of stationary phase is applied to local subaperture SAR images to yield analytic non-parametric expressions for the morphology of smear signatures within spotlight SAR imagery for surface targets with arbitrary motion trajectories. This predictive capability offers the potential of extracting some characteristics of true target motion based upon the induced SAR smear signatures alone. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Garren, DA (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dagarren@nps.edu NR 42 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 EI 1751-8792 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 5 BP 435 EP 448 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn.2013.0169 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AJ8FM UT WOS:000337938100004 ER PT J AU Dahl, EJ AF Dahl, Erik J. TI Finding Bin Laden: Lessons for a New American Way of Intelligence SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dahl, EJ (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 110 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-3195 EI 1538-165X J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD SUM PY 2014 VL 129 IS 2 BP 179 EP 210 DI 10.1002/polq.12183 PG 32 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA AJ8SQ UT WOS:000337978200001 ER PT J AU Kumar, V Banala, AK Garcia, EG Cao, JJ Keck, TM Bonifazi, A Deschamps, JR Newman, AH AF Kumar, Vivek Banala, Ashwini K. Garcia, Erick G. Cao, Jianjing Keck, Thomas M. Bonifazi, Alessandro Deschamps, Jeffery R. Newman, Amy Hauck TI Chiral Resolution and Serendipitous Fluorination Reaction for the Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Antagonist BAK2-66 SO ACS MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE DAST; asymmetric catalysis; enantioselectivity; dopamine ID D-3; PERSPECTIVE; SUBTYPE; BINDING AB The improved chiral synthesis of the selective dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonist (R)-N-(4-(4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin- I -yl) -3-hydroxybutyl)1H-indole-2carboxamide ((R)-PG648) is described. The same chiral secondary alcohol intermediate was used to prepare the enantiomers of a 3-F-benzofuranyl analogue, BAK 2-66. The absolute configurations of the 3-F enantiomers were assigned from their X-ray crystal structures that confirmed retention of configuration during fluorination with N,N-diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST). (R)-BAK2-66 showed higher D3R affinity and selectivity than its (S)-enantiomer; however, it had lower D3R affinity and enantioselectivity than (R)-PG648. Further, importance of the 4-atom linker length between the aryl amide and 4-phenylpiperazine was demonstrated with the 4-fluorobutylproduct (8). C1 [Kumar, Vivek; Banala, Ashwini K.; Garcia, Erick G.; Cao, Jianjing; Keck, Thomas M.; Bonifazi, Alessandro; Newman, Amy Hauck] NIDA, Med Chem Sect, Mol Targets & Medicat Discovery Branch, Intramural Res Program,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Deschamps, Jeffery R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Newman, AH (reprint author), NIDA, Med Chem Sect, Mol Targets & Medicat Discovery Branch, Intramural Res Program,NIH, 333 Cassell Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM anewman@intra.nida.nih.gov RI Kumar, Vivek/F-6183-2016; Keck, Thomas/G-9798-2012 OI Keck, Thomas/0000-0003-1845-9373 FU NIDA Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NIH Visiting Fellowship; NIH Postdoctoral Intramural Research Training Award (IRTA) Fellowship; NIDA [Y1-DA1101]; Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) FX This research was funded by the NIDA Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. V.K. was supported by an NIH Visiting Fellowship, and T.M.K. was supported by an NIH Postdoctoral Intramural Research Training Award (IRTA) Fellowship. The X-ray crystallographic studies were supported by NIDA through Interagency Agreement #Y1-DA1101 with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-5875 J9 ACS MED CHEM LETT JI ACS Med. Chem. Lett. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 5 IS 6 BP 647 EP 651 DI 10.1021/ml500006v PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA AJ2OM UT WOS:000337497200009 PM 24944737 ER PT J AU Clanton, J Fawley, R Haller, N Daley, T Porter, J Paranjape, C Bonilla, H AF Clanton, Jesse Fawley, Ryan Haller, Nairmeen Daley, Timothy Porter, Joel Paranjape, Charudutt Bonilla, Hector TI Patience Is a Virtue: An Argument for Delayed Surgical Intervention in Fulminant Clostridium difficile Colitis SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; DISEASE; COLECTOMY; METRONIDAZOLE; METAANALYSIS; PREDICTORS; VANCOMYCIN; MORTALITY AB Recently, the incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased. In cases of fulminant infection, surgery is a viable therapeutic option but associated with high mortality. We sought to examine factors associated with mortality in a large sample of patients with severe CDI that underwent surgery. A retrospective study was conducted in patients with severe CDI undergoing colectomy. Demographics, risk factors, comorbidities, clinical and laboratory data, and time between admission/diagnosis of CDI and colectomy were collected. Conventional markers of severity were evaluated as predictors of mortality. Sixty-four cases were included for analysis. The overall observed mortality rate was 45.3 per cent. Few conventional markers of severity were significantly associated with mortality. Risk factors that correlated with postsurgical mortality were vasopressor use (odds ratio, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 9.92) and shorter time between diagnosis and surgery (median time, 2 vs 3 days, P = 0.009). This study suggests that a delay in surgery after diagnosis of severe CDI may improve overall outcomes. The finding regarding timing of surgery is contrary to traditional teaching and may be the result of improved medical treatment and stabilization before surgery. Consideration should be given to the importance of timing of colectomy in fulminant CDI, whereas prospective studies should be conducted to elucidate causal relationships. C1 [Clanton, Jesse; Porter, Joel] Summa Akron City Hosp, Dept Surg, Akron, OH USA. [Fawley, Ryan] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Med, Portsmouth, NH USA. [Haller, Nairmeen] Akron Gen Med Ctr, Dept Med, Akron, OH USA. [Paranjape, Charudutt] Akron Gen Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Akron, OH USA. [Daley, Timothy] Univ So Calif, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Bonilla, Hector] Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Clanton, J (reprint author), 525 E Market St, Akron, OH 44304 USA. EM jclanton82@gmail.com NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI CUMMING PA 115 SAMARITAN DR, #200, CUMMING, GA 30040-2354 USA SN 0003-1348 EI 1555-9823 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 80 IS 6 BP 614 EP 619 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA AJ5SJ UT WOS:000337747600028 PM 24887802 ER PT J AU Lomax, SQ Lomax, JF De Luca-Westrate, A AF Lomax, Suzanne Quillen Lomax, Joseph Francis De Luca-Westrate, Amadeo TI The use of Raman microscopy and laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry in the examination of synthetic organic pigments in modern works of art SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman microscopy; synthetic organic pigments; laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry; Mark Rothko; Jose de Rivera; Barnett Newman ID RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTION; ARTISTS PAINTS; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; COLORANTS; INKS; LIBRARY; DYES AB Synthetic organic pigments are widely used in modern and contemporary works of art. They have been examined by a variety of techniques including spectroscopic methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, and X-ray powder diffraction as well as chromatographic or mass spectrometric techniques such as pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). Often, a combination of techniques has been used to examine these pigments. This paper describes use of Raman spectroscopy to create a database of colorants including two pigments not previously reported, PO1 and PO2. Then, using Raman spectroscopy in combination with LDI-MS, samples from modern works of art by artists including Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman, and Jose de Rivera were examined in order to identify the pigments present. One finding was that Rothko used a variety of red pigments over the course of his career including PR11 which has not been previously reported in artwork, and PO2 found with its positional isomer PR1. Knowledge of the colorants serves to inform conservators about display and treatment decisions. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Lomax, Suzanne Quillen] Natl Gallery Art, Sci Res Dept DCL SR, Landover, MD 20785 USA. [Lomax, Joseph Francis; De Luca-Westrate, Amadeo] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lomax, JF (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM lomax@usna.edu NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0377-0486 EI 1097-4555 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 45 IS 6 BP 448 EP 455 DI 10.1002/jrs.4480 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA AJ3UI UT WOS:000337592700007 ER PT J AU Lin, IN Koizumi, S Yater, J Koeck, F AF Lin, I-Nan Koizumi, Satoshi Yater, Joan Koeck, Franz TI Diamond electron emission SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; THERMIONIC EMISSION; ENERGY-CONVERSION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; COLD-CATHODE; FILMS; SURFACES; AFFINITY AB Diamond films with good electron emission properties show great potential for applications such as electron sources. For single-crystalline diamond, the negative electron affinity at hydrogen-terminated surfaces enables efficient emission of conduction electrons into vacuum. Although electrons are not naturally present in the diamond conduction band, p-n junction diode structures make this possible; electrons are injected from n-type diamond to the conduction band of p-type diamond, giving rise to electron emission with efficiencies exceeding 1%. Alternatively, impacting electron beams can be used to inject "secondary" electrons into the conduction band, resulting in high emission gain. For ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films with versatile granular structure, enhanced electron field emission (EFE) properties can be achieved by altering the granular structure of the films. Utilization of nanoscale tips as templates for growing UNCD film or direct reactive ion etching of the film further enhances their EFE behavior. On the other hand, the release of electrons through application of thermal energy can be utilized in a thermionic energy converter to directly transform heat into electricity. With the addition of ion current from doped diamond emitters to the thermionic electron current, power output enhancement of the converter can be realized. C1 [Lin, I-Nan] Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, New Taipei, Taiwan. [Koizumi, Satoshi] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Yater, Joan] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Koeck, Franz] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Lin, IN (reprint author), Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, New Taipei, Taiwan. EM inanlin@mail.tku.edu.tw; koizumi.satoshi@nimsgo.jp; joan.yater@nrl.navy.mil; franz.koeck@asu.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0540]; Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) [G.0555.10N, G.0456.12] FX R.J.N. acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research under grant N00014-10-1-0540. K.H. acknowledges the support of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) under grants G.0555.10N and G.0456.12. NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 35 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 EI 1938-1425 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 39 IS 6 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.1557/mrs.2014.101 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AJ0HN UT WOS:000337331500017 ER PT J AU Schubbe, JJ AF Schubbe, Joel J. TI Naval Academy Attacks Corrosion with Education and Research SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schubbe, JJ (reprint author), US Naval Acad, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM schubbe@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 EI 2161-9425 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 172 IS 6 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AJ0JW UT WOS:000337337800008 ER PT J AU Baylis, C Martin, J Moldovan, M Marks, RJ Cohen, L de Graaf, J Johnk, R Sanders, F AF Baylis, Charles Martin, Josh Moldovan, Matthew Marks, Robert J., II Cohen, Lawrence de Graaf, Jean Johnk, Robert Sanders, Frank TI Spectrum Analysis Considerations for Radar Chirp Waveform Spectral Compliance Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Radar; radar interference; radar measurements; radar signal analysis; spectral analysis AB The measurement of a radar chirp waveform is critical to assessing its spectral compliance. The Fourier transform for a linear frequency-modulated chirp is a sequence of frequency-domain impulse functions. Because a spectrum analyzer measures the waveform with a finite-bandwidth intermediate-frequency (IF) filter, the bandwidth of this filter is critical to the power level and shape of the reported spectrum. Measurement results are presented that show the effects of resolution bandwidth and frequency sampling interval on the measured spectrum and its reported shape. The objective of the measurement is to align the shape of the measured spectrum with the true shape of the signal spectrum. This paper demonstrates an approach for choosing resolution bandwidth and frequency sampling interval settings using the example of a linear frequency-modulation (FM) chirp waveform. C1 [Baylis, Charles] Baylor Univ, Wireless & Microwave Circuits & Syst WMCS Program, Waco, TX 76706 USA. [Martin, Josh; Moldovan, Matthew] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76706 USA. [Marks, Robert J., II] Baylor Univ, Dept Engn, Waco, TX 76706 USA. [Cohen, Lawrence; de Graaf, Jean] Naval Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Johnk, Robert; Sanders, Frank] Natl Telecommun & Informat Adm, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Baylis, C (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Wireless & Microwave Circuits & Syst WMCS Program, Waco, TX 76706 USA. EM Charles_Baylis@baylor.edu; Josh_Martin@baylor.edu; Matt_Moldovan@baylor.edu; Robert_Marks@baylor.edu; lawrence.cohen@nrl.navy.mil; jean.degraaf@nrl.navy.mil; bjohnk@its.bldrdoc.gov; fsanders@its.bldrdoc.gov FU U.S. Naval Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 56 IS 3 BP 520 EP 529 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2013.2291540 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AI8DB UT WOS:000337134900003 ER PT J AU Davis, AS Richter, A Becker, S Moyer, JE Sandouk, A Skinner, J Taubenberger, JK AF Davis, A. Sally Richter, Anke Becker, Steven Moyer, Jenna E. Sandouk, Aline Skinner, Jeff Taubenberger, Jeffery K. TI Characterizing and Diminishing Autofluorescence in Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Human Respiratory Tissue SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE autofluorescence; formalin-fixation; paraffin-embedded tissue; immunohistochemistry; immunofluorescence; human; respiratory; confocal microscopy ID BACKGROUND AUTOFLUORESCENCE; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; REDUCTION; FLUORESCENCE; MICROSCOPY; COLLAGEN; CELLS AB Tissue autofluorescence frequently hampers visualization of immunofluorescent markers in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded respiratory tissues. We assessed nine treatments reported to have efficacy in reducing autofluorescence in other tissue types. The three most efficacious were Eriochrome black T, Sudan black B and sodium borohydride, as measured using white light laser confocal (2) (multi-lambda) analysis. We also assessed the impact of steam antigen retrieval and serum application on human tracheal tissue autofluorescence. Functionally fitting this (2) data to 2-dimensional Gaussian surfaces revealed that steam antigen retrieval and serum application contribute minimally to autofluorescence and that the three treatments are disparately efficacious. Together, these studies provide a set of guidelines for diminishing autofluorescence in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human respiratory tissue. Additionally, these characterization techniques are transferable to similar questions in other tissue types, as demonstrated on frozen human liver tissue and paraffin-embedded mouse lung tissue fixed in different fixatives. C1 [Davis, A. Sally; Moyer, Jenna E.; Sandouk, Aline; Taubenberger, Jeffery K.] NIAID, Viral Pathogenesis & Evolut Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Becker, Steven] NIAID, Bioimaging Sect, Res Technol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Skinner, Jeff] NIAID, Immunogenet Lab, Div Intramural Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Richter, Anke] Naval Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Grad Sch Int Studies, Monterey, CA USA. [Davis, A. Sally] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Taubenberger, JK (reprint author), NIAID, Viral Pathogenesis & Evolut Sect, NIH, 33 North Dr,MSC 3203, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM taubenbergerj@niaid.nih.gov OI Davis, Anne/0000-0001-5711-3936; Skinner, Jeff/0000-0001-5697-0442 FU NIH; NIAID FX The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by the intramural research funds of the NIH and the NIAID. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 19 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0022-1554 EI 1551-5044 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 62 IS 6 BP 405 EP 423 DI 10.1369/0022155414531549 PG 19 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA AJ3WN UT WOS:000337598700002 PM 24722432 ER PT J AU Macera, CA Aralis, HJ Highfill-McRoy, R Rauh, MJ AF Macera, Caroline A. Aralis, Hilary J. Highfill-McRoy, Robyn Rauh, Mitchell J. TI Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Combat Zone Deployment Among Navy and Marine Corps Men and Women SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GENDER-DIFFERENCES; OEF/OIF VETERANS; HEALTH; IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; SYMPTOMS; DEPRESSION; EXPOSURE; FEMALE; CARE AB Background: As more women are deployed into combat environments, preliminary findings have been inconsistent regarding gender differences in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following deployment. Very little is known about the experiences of Navy and Marine Corps personnel deployed to combat zones. Methods: The study population consisted of Navy and Marine Corps personnel who completed a Post-Deployment Health Assessment upon return from deployment to Iraq, Afghanistan, or Kuwait during 2008 and 2009 and a Post-Deployment Health Reassessment approximately 6 months later. These instruments included screening questions for PTSD. Results: The final sample of 31,534 service members included 29,640 men and 1,894 women. Within occupation categories, women were overrepresented relative to men in the roles of functional support/administration and healthcare specialists, whereas men were overrepresented in the role of combat specialist. Screening rates were similar by gender, with a slightly higher percentage of women compared with men screening positive for PTSD (6.6% vs. 5.3%). These symptoms of PTSD among men and women in this sample could not be attributed to combat exposure or other deployment-related characteristics. Conclusions: Relative to men, women in this sample had a similar probability of screening positive for PTSD following deployment. These PTSD symptoms were not associated with deployment-related variables, suggesting that deployment to a combat zone does not affect women differently from men. This finding could have meaningful implications for policies surrounding women in the military. C1 [Macera, Caroline A.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, DHAPP, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Aralis, Hilary J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Highfill-McRoy, Robyn] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Behav Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Rauh, Mitchell J.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Warfighter Performance, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Macera, CA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept 165, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM carol.macera@med.navy.mil FU Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery under Work Unit 60818 [12-466] FX This work represents report no. 12-466, supported by the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery under Work Unit 60818. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the US government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This research has been conducted in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research (Protocol NHRC.2009.0020). NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 28 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 EI 1931-843X J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 499 EP 505 DI 10.1089/jwh.2013.4302 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA AI9BT UT WOS:000337222700005 PM 24828786 ER PT J AU Ryerson, WR Hacker, JP AF Ryerson, William R. Hacker, Joshua P. TI The Potential for Mesoscale Visibility Predictions with a Multimodel Ensemble SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID FOG; SYSTEM; PARAMETERIZATION; MODELS AB This work examines the viability of producing short-range (<20 h) probabilistic fog predictions in remote locations, absent an observational history, using an uncalibrated 4-km, 10-member Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) ensemble configured to closely match the Air Force Weather Agency Mesoscale Ensemble Forecast Suite. Three distinct sources of error in the final predictions are considered separately to facilitate a better understanding of the total error and appropriate mitigation strategies. These include initial condition error, parameterization of subgrid-scale processes, and error in the visibility parameterization used to convert NWP model output variables to visibility. The raw WRF predictions are generally not skillful in valley and coastal regions, where they produce a shortage of light fog predictions with visibilities of 1-7 mi (1.6-11.3 km) in favor of excessive forecasts of zero cloud water, corresponding to no fog. Initial condition error and visibility parameterization error are shown to play a relatively minor role compared to error in the parameterization of subgrid-scale processes. This deficiency is caused by a negative relative humidity bias, which results from a warm overnight bias. A second-order source of error arises from an inconsistent delineation of fog and haze in the NWP model compared to the verifying observations. Results show that under most conditions it is necessary to deviate from the perfect-prog assumption, and to introduce some method of statistical postprocessing to obtain skillful visibility predictions from the ensemble. C1 [Ryerson, William R.] Air Force Weather Agcy, Offutt Afb, NE USA. [Hacker, Joshua P.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hacker, JP (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jphacker@nps.edu FU U.S. Air Force Weather Agency; NCAR FX The authors are grateful for funding from the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency to complete this work. Support from NCAR, particularly Chris Snyder and Kate Smith, is also appreciated. Mary Jordan at NPS was helpful in preparing the figures. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 543 EP 562 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00067.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI9OG UT WOS:000337261300004 ER PT J AU Goerss, JS Sampson, CR AF Goerss, James S. Sampson, Charles R. TI Prediction of Consensus Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecast Error SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; MODEL; PROBABILITIES; IMPROVEMENTS; ENSEMBLE; SCHEME AB The extent to which the tropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecast error of IVCN and S5YY, consensus models routinely used by forecasters at the National Hurricane Center and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, respectively, can be predicted is determined. A number of predictors of consensus intensity forecast error, which must be quantities that are available prior to the official forecast deadline, were examined for the Atlantic and eastern North Pacific basins for 2008-11 and the western North Pacific basin for 2012. Leading predictors were found to be forecast TC intensity and intensity change, initial intensity and latitude of the TC, and consensus model spread, defined to be the average of the absolute intensity differences between the member forecasts and the consensus forecast. Using stepwise linear regression and the full pool of predictors, regression models were found for each forecast length to predict the IVCN and S5YY TC intensity forecast errors. Using the regression models, intervals were determined centered on the IVCN and S5YY forecasts that contained the verifying TC intensity about 67% of the time. Based on the size of these intervals, a forecaster can determine the confidence that can be placed upon the IVCN or S5YY forecasts. Independent data testing yielded results only slightly degraded from those of dependent data testing, highlighting the capability of these methods in practical forecasting applications. C1 [Goerss, James S.] IES, San Diego, CA USA. [Goerss, James S.] SAIC, Monterey, CA USA. [Sampson, Charles R.] NRL, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), NRL, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sampson@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program FX This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research and the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program. The ATCF system is a trade-marked product of the Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California. The authors wish to thank Ann Schrader and Mike Frost for their efforts with the ATCF and the forecasters at both the National Hurricane Center and Joint Typhoon Warning Center for their diligent management of archived tropical cyclone data. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 750 EP 762 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00058.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI9OG UT WOS:000337261300017 ER PT J AU Bradford, SF AF Bradford, Scott F. TI VERTICAL GRID DESIGN FOR MORE ACCURATE AND EFFICIENT SURF ZONE SIMULATION SO COASTAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Navier-Stokes equations; numerical models; flow simulation; wave propagation; surf zone ID MODEL; WAVE; TURBULENCE; EQUATIONS; SCHEME AB Nonuniform vertical discretization is investigated for use with a previously developed numerical model that solves the incompressible, nonhydrostatic, Navier-Stokes equations for free surface flow. The equations are vertically transformed to the sigma coordinate system and solved in a fractional step manner in which the pressure is computed implicitly by correcting the hydrostatic flow field to be divergence free. A specific discretization is proposed to attain greater accuracy and/or minimize computational effort when compared to a uniform vertical discretization. Numerical accuracy is assessed by comparison with experimental data for spilling and plunging breakers. C1 Naval Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bradford, SF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Code 7261,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Scott.Bradford@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0578-5634 EI 1793-6292 J9 COAST ENG J JI Coast Eng. J. PD JUN PY 2014 VL 56 IS 2 AR 1450009 DI 10.1142/S0578563414500090 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA AI6GJ UT WOS:000336969800003 ER EF