FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU McCarthy, MC Travers, MJ Kovacs, A Gottlieb, CA Thaddeus, P AF McCarthy, MC Travers, MJ Kovacs, A Gottlieb, CA Thaddeus, P TI Eight new carbon chain molecules SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE ISM, molecules; line, identification; molecular data; molecular processes; radio lines, ISM ID TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROMETER; LABORATORY DETECTION; PROPADIENYLIDENE; PARAMETERS; H2CCC AB A summary is given of the laboratory measurements of the rotational spectra of eight new carbon chains: the cyanopolyynes HC11N and HC13N; the carbon chain radicals C7H, C8H, C9H, and C11H; and the cumulene carbenes H2C5 and H2C6. Measured line frequencies and derived spectroscopic constants are listed for all eight, and rest frequencies for the astronomically important transitions that are not easily calculated are tabulated. With our laboratory measurements, four of the new carbon chains have already been detected in at least one astronomical source; the remaining four should be detectable with existing large centimeter-or millimeter-wave telescopes. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP McCarthy, MC (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DIV ENGN & APPL SCI,29 OXFORD ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Kovacs, Attila/C-1171-2010; OI Kovacs, Attila/0000-0001-8991-9088; McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008 NR 34 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 113 IS 1 BP 105 EP 120 DI 10.1086/313050 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YD367 UT WOS:A1997YD36700005 ER PT J AU Lovejoy, T AF Lovejoy, T TI 1992: Voyage to diversity SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Lovejoy, T (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,INT CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 1997 VL 47 IS 10 BP 654 EP 655 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA YC164 UT WOS:A1997YC16400008 ER PT J AU Wildt, DE Rall, WF Critser, JK Monfort, SL Seal, US AF Wildt, DE Rall, WF Critser, JK Monfort, SL Seal, US TI Genome resource banks SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRYOPRESERVATION; CONSERVATION; SPERMATOZOA; SPERMATOGENESIS; INSEMINATION; OOCYTES; SHEEP C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL ZOOL PK, CONSERVAT & RES CTR, REPROD PHYSIOL PROGRAM, FRONT ROYAL, VA 22630 USA. NIH, NATL CTR RES RESOURCES, EMBRYO CRYOPRESERVAT UNIT, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. METHODIST OUTPATIENT CTR N, ADV FERTIL INST, CRYOBIOL RES INST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202 USA. IUCN, WORLD CONSERVAT UNION, SPECIES SURVIVAL COMMISS, CONSERVAT BREEDING SPECIALIST GRP, APPLE VALLEY, MN 55124 USA. RP Wildt, DE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL ZOOL PK, CONSERVAT & RES CTR, NOAHS, FRONT ROYAL, VA 22630 USA. RI Rall, William/C-5104-2008 NR 54 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 1997 VL 47 IS 10 BP 689 EP 698 DI 10.2307/1313209 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA YC164 UT WOS:A1997YC16400017 ER PT J AU Allen, ME AF Allen, ME TI From blackbirds and thrushes ... to the gut-loaded cricket: a new approach to zoo animal nutrition SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on a New Millennium of Nutrition Research, in Celebration of the 90th Birthday of Dr Elsie Widdowson CY OCT 21, 1996 CL LONDON, ENGLAND ID INTERNAL ORGANS RP Allen, ME (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL ZOOL PK, DEPT NUTR SCI, WASHINGTON, DC 20008 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 78 SU 2 BP S135 EP S143 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YG405 UT WOS:A1997YG40500008 PM 9389878 ER PT J AU Donovan, SK Pawson, DL AF Donovan, SK Pawson, DL TI Proximal growth of the column in bathycrinid crinoids (Echinodermata) following decapitation SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARTICULATE CRINOIDS; SEA LILIES; REGENERATION AB Individuals of the bathycrinid crinoids Democrinus chuni (Doderlein) and Democrinus brevis (A. H. Clark) remain upright following loss of the crown and proximal column. The axial canal is sealed in the apical part of the column by stereomic calcite overgrowth, and radice-like extensions are generated; one specimen has a more globular, gall-like growth, suggesting parasitic infestation. Oxygen and nutrients were presumably absorbed through the ectoderm in these "headless" crinoids. Evidence of breakage and the absence of autotomy planes in the mesistele of Democrinus imply that crown loss was probably due to predation. These specimens represent about 1.6% of the examined sample. The life expectancy of mutilated specimens was presumably short. Analogous patterns of regeneration are known from as far back as the Ordovician. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Donovan, SK (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Dept Geog & Geol, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RI Donovan, Stephen/O-1285-2015 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 571 EP 579 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA ZP875 UT WOS:000073797400005 ER PT J AU Morton, SL Faust, MA AF Morton, SL Faust, MA TI Survey of toxic epiphytic dinoflagellates from the Belizean barrier reef ecosystem SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GAMBIERDISCUS-TOXICUS; CIGUATERA AB Benthic epiphytic dinoflagellates, associated with the human disease ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), were found in low abundance on four species of macrophyte from eight separate sampling sites from the Belizean barrier reef ecosystem. Clonal cultures of Gambierdiscus toxicus, Prorocentrum lima, P. belizeanum, P. hoffmannianum, and Il mexicanum were found to be toxic. Highest densities of dinoflagellates were found as epiphytes on the rhodophyte, Acanthophora spicifera, while lowest densities were found as epiphytes on the angiosperm, Thalassia testudinum. Prorocentrum lima was the dominant epiphytic dinoflagellate at all sites except the locations with greatest disturbance. At these sites, the dominant dinoflagellates were Gambierdiscus toxicus and Ostreopsis lenticularis. However, the maximum densities of all species observed were much lower than other ecological surveys on these dinoflagellates from the Caribbean. The low abundance of toxic dinoflagellates associated with the dominant macrophyte, Thalassia testudinum, may be responsible for the low incidence of ciguatera in the Southern Belizean barrier reef ecosystem. However, with the increased inhabitation of this area, cases of ciguatera may rise. C1 Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Morton, SL (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, McKown Point,W Boothbay Harbor, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. NR 22 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 899 EP 906 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA ZP875 UT WOS:000073797400022 ER PT J AU Kolman, CJ Bermingham, E AF Kolman, CJ Bermingham, E TI Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA diversity in the Choco and Chibcha amerinds of Panama SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TANDEM REPEAT LOCI; HUMAN Y-CHROMOSOME; POPULATION-GENETICS; MTDNA VARIATION; COSTA-RICA; POLYMORPHISM; SEQUENCES; WORLD; IDENTIFICATION; HETEROGENEITY AB Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA diversities were determined for two Choco-speaking Amerind populations, the Embera and Wounan, sampled widely across their geographic range in eastern Panama. These data were compared with mitochondrial and nuclear diversities determined here and previously for neighboring Chibcha-speaking Ngobe and Kuna populations. Chocoan groups exhibited mitochondrial diversity levels typical for Amerind populations while Chibchan groups revealed reduced mitochondrial diversity. A slight reduction in autosomal levels of heterozygosity was determined for the Chibcha while X and Y variation appeared equivalent in all populations. Genetic distinctiveness of the two linguistic groups contradicts the anthropological theory that Paleoindians migrated repeatedly through the isthmian region and, instead, supports the idea of cultural adaptation by endogenous populations. Reduced genetic diversity in Chibchan populations has been proposed to represent a population bottleneck dating to Chibchan ethnogenesis. The relative sensitivities of haplotype pairwise difference distributions and Tajima's D to detect demographic events such as population bottlenecks are examined. Also, the potential impact of substitution rate heterogeneity, population subdivision, and genetic selection on pairwise difference distributions are discussed. Evidence is presented suggesting that a larger effective population size map obscure the historical signal obtained from nuclear genes while the single mitochondrial locus may provide a moderately strong signal. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, BALBOA, PANAMA. NR 57 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 5 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 1997 VL 147 IS 3 BP 1289 EP 1302 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YF035 UT WOS:A1997YF03500029 PM 9383071 ER PT J AU Schubert, JK Kidder, DL Erwin, DH AF Schubert, JK Kidder, DL Erwin, DH TI Silica-replaced fossils through the phanerozoic SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOTIC ENHANCEMENT; LAND PLANTS; EVOLUTION; EARTH; TIME AB A systematic survey of 1863 papers on macrobenthic assemblages reveals that an average of 21% of published Paleozoic papers concern silicified fossils, but that average drops tb just 4% for post-Paleozoic papers, During the Paleozoic, silicified fossil occurrences do not significantly correlate with the amount of shelf chert, outcrop area, time, duration of geologic intervals, or carbonate rock volume. This substantial drop in numbers of silicified fossils coincides temporally with increased importance of aragonite faunas following the end-Permian extinctions, However, qualitative measurements of secular changes in abundance and diversity of siliceous sponges are consistent not only with the post-Paleozoic decline in fossil silicification, but also with fluctuations in the amount of silicified fossils throughout the Paleozoic, The facies distribution of silicified fossils in the Permian of West Texas also suggests that the distribution of silicified fossils may reflect the occurrence of siliceous sponges, The decline in silicified fossils after the Permian may be related to a concomitant rise in offshore bedded chert deposition and movement of the locus of biogenic silica formation from nearshore to offshore regions beginning in the Triassic, rather than with the expansion of diatoms in the Cretaceous. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,NHB121,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. UNIV WASHINGTON,THOMAS BURKE MEM WASHINGTON STATE MUSEUM,GEOL DIV,SEATTLE,WA 98195. OHIO UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,ATHENS,OH 45701. RI Erwin, Douglas/A-9668-2009 NR 30 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD NOV PY 1997 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1031 EP 1034 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<1031:SRFTTP>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA YF967 UT WOS:A1997YF96700018 ER PT J AU Elgered, G Johansson, JM Ronnang, BO Davis, JL AF Elgered, G Johansson, JM Ronnang, BO Davis, JL TI Measuring regional atmospheric water vapor using the Swedish permanent GPS network SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; METEOROLOGY AB We investigate the application of a geodetic network of ground-based GPS receivers in Sweden to the measurement of atmospheric water vapor. Using data acquired during four days in December 1993, we show that it is possible to study the detailed motions of air mass systems. Estimates of water vapor from GPS data agree with those from radiosonde and microwave radiometer data to within 1 mm RMS. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Elgered, G (reprint author), CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL,ONSALA SPACE OBSERV,S-43992 ONSALA,SWEDEN. RI Davis, James/D-8766-2013; Elgered, Gunnar/B-7052-2016 OI Davis, James/0000-0003-3057-477X; Elgered, Gunnar/0000-0001-5711-0073 NR 12 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 21 BP 2663 EP 2666 DI 10.1029/97GL02798 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA YE985 UT WOS:A1997YE98500034 ER PT J AU Byars, M AF Byars, M TI Cooper-Hewitt: A quarter million and still counting (The design museum is marking its 100th birthday with the exhibition, 'Design for Life, a Centennial Celebration') SO GRAPHIS LA English DT News Item C1 Smithsonian Inst, Cooper Hewitt Natl Museum Design, New York, NY 10128 USA. RP Byars, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Cooper Hewitt Natl Museum Design, New York, NY 10128 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GRAPHIS PI NEW YORK PA B MARTIN PENDERSEN PUBL & CREATIVE DIRECTOR 141 LEXINGTON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0017-3452 J9 GRAPHIS JI Graphis PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 53 IS 312 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Art SC Art GA YW506 UT WOS:000071942600004 ER PT J AU Byars, M AF Byars, M TI Florence Knoll: 'No compromise" SO GRAPHIS LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Cooper Hewitt Natl Museum Design, New York, NY 10128 USA. RP Byars, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Cooper Hewitt Natl Museum Design, New York, NY 10128 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GRAPHIS PI NEW YORK PA B MARTIN PENDERSEN PUBL & CREATIVE DIRECTOR 141 LEXINGTON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0017-3452 J9 GRAPHIS JI Graphis PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 53 IS 312 BP 97 EP 99 PG 3 WC Art SC Art GA YW506 UT WOS:000071942600019 ER PT J AU Triadan, D Neff, H Glascock, MD AF Triadan, D Neff, H Glascock, MD TI An evaluation of the archaeological relevance of weak-acid extraction ICP: White Mountain Redware as a case study SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ceramics; American Southwest; chemical characterization; neutron activation analysis; acid-extraction ICP ID COMPOSITIONAL CHARACTERIZATION; CERAMICS AB A weak-acid extraction technique for inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) was recently advocated as an inexpensive, highly precise method of chemical characterization of archaeological ceramics. We critically evaluate this approach on the basis of a large sample of Southwestern ceramics which were analysed both by weak-acid extraction ICP and neutron activation analysis. The comparison of the two data sets shows significant compositional discrepancies that lead to widely divergent archaeological interpretations. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,RES REACTOR CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Triadan, D (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. OI Glascock, Michael D./0000-0003-0686-7556 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 24 IS 11 BP 997 EP 1002 DI 10.1006/jasc.1996.0177 PG 6 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA YD528 UT WOS:A1997YD52800003 ER PT J AU Burney, DA James, HF Grady, FV Rafamantanantsoa, JG Ramilisonina Wright, HT Cowart, JB AF Burney, DA James, HF Grady, FV Rafamantanantsoa, JG Ramilisonina Wright, HT Cowart, JB TI Environmental change, extinction and human activity: evidence from caves in NW Madagascar SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Madagascar; extinctions; human impacts; caves; paleobiogeography ID NORTHERN MADAGASCAR; SOUTHERN MADAGASCAR; RADIOCARBON; CALIBRATION; DATES AB In the last 2000 years, changes on the island of Madagascar have resulted in the modification of key environments and the extinction of nearly all large native animals. Humans have long been suspected as the primary cause of this ecological catastrophe, but the exact mechanisms of the island's rapid transformation and the role of natural factors such as climate change remain uncertain. Caves in northwestern Madagascar are helping researchers to disentangle these factors, by providing many types of datable information concerning the past in close physical proximity. U-series dated pollen spectra from the caverns of Anjohibe provide a 40,000-year record of vegetation in the vicinity. Bone deposits from caves in the region provide new site records for extinct tare, including Babakotia radofilai Godfrey et al. 1990, Plesiorycteropus madagascariensis Filhol 1895, and Mullerornis sp. Several extant taxa that were present in the region in the late Holocene are now locally extinct. Archaeological evidence from the caves suggests little or no human activity in the vicinity or interaction with the fauna at these sites until recent centuries. C1 Fordham Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Antananarivo, Serv Paleontol, Antananarivo, Malagasy Republ. Univ Antananarivo, Musee Archeol, Antananarivo, Malagasy Republ. Univ Michigan, Museum Anthropol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Geol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Burney, DA (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. NR 40 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 24 IS 6 BP 755 EP 767 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1997.00146.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA YR917 UT WOS:000071544800005 ER PT J AU Weldon, PJ Rappole, JH AF Weldon, PJ Rappole, JH TI A survey of birds odorous or unpalatable to humans: Possible indications of chemical defense SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE aves; birds; odorous; unpalatable; chemical defense ID NEST MATERIAL; PITOHUI; ECTOPARASITES AB We solicited information from field and museum ornithologists on the birds that they consider odorous and/or unpalatable in order to identify species that may use chemicals to deter predators. Ninety-two ornithologists from the Americas and Eastern Europe responded to our survey. Eighty genera and 10 families representing 17 orders, primarily Procellariiformes, Falconiformes, Psittaciformes, Cuculiformes, Piciformes, and Passeriformes, were cited as containing malodorous or uniquely odorous birds. Two orders (Opisthocomiformes and Trogoniformes), five families (Procellariidae, Cuculidae, Bucconidae, Picidae, and Fumariidae), and one subfamily (Drepanidinae) were reported to us as either containing many odorous species or consisting primarily of them. Thirty genera and three families representing 13 orders, primarily Passeriformes, were reported to us as unpalatable. The birds cited in our survey and those previously reported as odorous and/or unpalatable are tabulated. Our survey and review point to a number of taxa that may use chemicals to deter predators, although we acknowledge that compounds imparting aversive or unique odors or flavors may arise for a variety of reasons, e.g., as dietary by-products. RP Weldon, PJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,1500 REMOUNT RD,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630, USA. NR 106 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2609 EP 2633 DI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006670.79075.92 PG 25 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YJ466 UT WOS:A1997YJ46600015 ER PT J AU Kornicker, LS AF Kornicker, LS TI The four faces of the maxilla (Ostracoda: Cypridinidae) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The maxillae of myodocopine Ostracoda are difficult to interpret correctly because of their complexity. This has led to inaccurate descriptions of the limb in the literature. Clues are presented to assist in more accurate descriptions. RP Kornicker, LS (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4 BP 654 EP 658 DI 10.2307/1549367 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YF435 UT WOS:A1997YF43500007 ER PT J AU Robling, AG Ubelaker, DH AF Robling, AG Ubelaker, DH TI Sex estimation from the metatarsals SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; physical anthropology; metatarsals; sex estimation; osteometry; discriminant analysis; sexual dimorphism ID METACARPALS; BONES; HAND AB Discriminant-function analysis of osteometric data from the metatarsals of 200 individuals in the Terry Collection provides a reliable method for estimating sex. Functions derived from individual metatarsals and from complete sets of metatarsals are tested on the sample used to generate the functions and on two independent samples: one comprising 25 additional individuals from the Terry Collection and the other comprising 12 cadavers donated to the University of Missouri. Functions based on race-specific samples (blacks and whites) and on the pooled-race sample correctly classify 83 to 100% of each sample (including a jackknifed study sample), with a few exceptions. These results are similar to sex-estimation methods from other regions of the appendicular skeleton. C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT ANTHROPOL,SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Robling, AG (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANTHROPOL,107 SWALLOW HALL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 25 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1062 EP 1069 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA YF717 UT WOS:A1997YF71700014 PM 9397547 ER PT J AU Ashenberg, J Lorenzini, EC AF Ashenberg, J Lorenzini, EC TI Dynamics of a dual-probe tethered system SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article RP Ashenberg, J (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,RADIO & GEOASTRON DIV,MAIL STOP 80,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1265 EP 1268 DI 10.2514/2.7600 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA YF147 UT WOS:A1997YF14700032 ER PT J AU Ashenberg, J Lorenzini, EC AF Ashenberg, J Lorenzini, EC TI Dynamical characteristics of a tethered stabilized satellite SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article RP Ashenberg, J (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,RADIO & GEOASTRON DIV,MAIL STOP 80,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1268 EP 1271 DI 10.2514/2.7601 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA YF147 UT WOS:A1997YF14700033 ER PT J AU Thorington, RW Darrow, K Betts, ADK AF Thorington, RW Darrow, K Betts, ADK TI Comparative myology of the forelimb of squirrels (Sciuridae) SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; FLYING SQUIRRELS; TREE SQUIRRELS; LIMB MYOLOGY; MAMMALIA; RODENTIA; GENERA AB The musculature of the shoulder, arm, and forearm was studied in 19 genera of squirrels, representing the Pteromyinae (flying squirrels) and all 7 tribes of the Sciurinae (tree and ground squirrels). The objective was to locate derived anatomical features of functional or phylogenetic significance and to determine how much morphological variation underlies the diverse locomotor behavior of squirrels, which includes terrestrial and arboreal bounding, climbing, digging, and gliding. The fossil evidence suggests that arboreality is primitive for squirrels, and in fact tree squirrels appear to represent the primitive sciurid morphology. Ground squirrels are less uniform and exhibit a few derived features, including a clavobrachialis muscle not seen in other squirrels. Pygmy tree squirrels, which have evolved independently in three tribes, exhibit convergence of forelimb anatomy, including the loss or reduction of several muscles in the shoulder and forearm. The forelimb anatomy of flying squirrels is the most derived and differs from that of tree squirrels in details of shoulder, arm, and forearm musculature. Some of these muscular differences among squirrels have phylogenetic significance, being shared by closely related genera, but none has significance above the tribal level. Many of the differences suggest a variety of changes in function that are amenable to further study. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*. RP Thorington, RW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NHB 390, MRC 108, DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20004 USA. NR 73 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 234 IS 2 BP 155 EP 182 PG 28 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA YD794 UT WOS:A1997YD79400004 PM 9360319 ER PT J AU Pandolfi, JM Greenstein, BJ AF Pandolfi, JM Greenstein, BJ TI Preservation of community structure in death assemblages of deep-water Caribbean reef corals SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BLACK BAND DISEASE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF AB An in situ survey of deep reef environments (20 and 30 m) was conducted to determine the degree to which the community structure of live reef coral assemblages was faithfully represented in the adjacent death assemblages accumulating on the sea floor. Relative abundance of species was significantly different between life and death assemblages, and zonation patterns (in species relative abundance, coral growth form, and diversity) present in the life assemblages showed both similarities and differences to those found in the death assemblages. The difference in species distribution patterns between Life and death assemblages is shown by a striking growth form bias in the death assemblage: species with massive growth forms are underrepresented in the death assemblages in both environments, whereas branching, encursting, and plate growth forms are overrepresented in the death assemblages. Several factors may be involved in the life and death assemblage differences: greater degrees of time averaging than in previously studied reef settings, changes in the life assemblage such that death assemblages record previous life assemblages more faithfully than present ones, and undersampling of massive corals in death assemblages. Comparison of species richness and the Shannon-Wiener index of diversity between life and death assemblages produced unexpected results. In general, death assemblages showed higher diversity than did life assemblages, more in accordance with previous studies of shelly molluscan faunas of temperature and tropical level-bottom marine communities than with those of shallow-water coral reef communities. Because our results differ from previous studies of community preservation in coral reefs, we recommend that paleoecological studies of aquatic ecosystems be accompanied by preservational assemblages from the same or similar environments. Our results point to the subtleties involved in interpreting coral death assemblages and suggest that these assemblages may contain as much or more information on recent changes in the Living reef as they do on the future composition of the fossil reef assemblages. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archaeol, Balboa, Panama. Cornell Coll, Dept Geol, Mt Vernon, IA 52314 USA. RP Pandolfi, JM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009 OI Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1505 EP 1516 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA ZE703 UT WOS:000072822100003 ER PT J AU Jewgenow, K Wood, TC Wildt, DE AF Jewgenow, K Wood, TC Wildt, DE TI DNA degradation in mural granulosa cells of non- and slightly atretic follicles of fresh and cold-stored domestic cat ovaries SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE follicle; atresia; apoptosis; granulosa; cat ID IN-VITRO; FOLLICULAR OOCYTES; GROWTH-HORMONE; APOPTOSIS; ATRESIA; MATURATION; FERTILIZATION; INVITRO; SUPPRESSION; EXPRESSION AB Apoptosis of granulosa cells is associated with follicular atresia and may occur before atresia becomes morphologically evident. Detection of DNA fragmentation by in Situ end-labeling (ISEL) with terminal transferase allows the histological assessment of apoptotic cells on conventional histological sections. Degradation of DNA also may occur after prolonged cold storage of ovaries caused by the release of lysosomal enzymes. The objectives of this study were to assess follicle atresia and the impact of cold storage for 8, 12, 24, and 48 hr after ovarian excision by assessing DNA degradation in mural granulosa cells of cat ovaries. Follicles were distinguished by morphological criteria as nonatretic (NA), slightly atretic (SA), or atretic, and the mean number (+/-SEM) of granulosa cells labeled by ISEL was determined. About 50% of follicles showed some sign of atresia independent from the stage of the reproductive cycle of the ovarian donor. Number of ISEL-stained granulosa cells for NA and SA, freshly collected follicles was 7.5 +/- 0.6 and 9.3 +/- 0.8 cells/field, respectively, compared to 16.2 +/- 0.8 cells/field in the wall of atretic follicles (P < 0.001). Fresh NA follicles from luteal phase ovaries had more (P < 0.05) labeled granulosa cells (9.2 +/- 0.7 cells/field) than measured in follicles of cats in a follicular phase (5.7 +/- 0.7). During cold storage, DNA degradation began within 12 hr (NA, 12.2 +/- 0.7 cells/field; SA, 13.3 +/- 0.5), both values being different (P < 0.05) from fresh controls. By 24 hu, DNA degradation was at the level of a positive control subjected to DNAse treatment. In summary, results reveal that granulosa cell DNA degeneration precedes the loss of developmental capacity of cat oocytes during atresia and postexcision storage. Finding irreversible changes in granulosa cell DNA after storage of cat ovaries far >12 hr may be important for developing oocyte rescue protocols for rare felids in cases where prolonged storage and transport may be required. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA. RP Jewgenow, K (reprint author), INST ZOO BIOL & WILDLIFE RES,BERLIN,GERMANY. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 48 IS 3 BP 350 EP 355 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199711)48:3<350::AID-MRD8>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA XY273 UT WOS:A1997XY27300008 PM 9322247 ER PT J AU Elvis, M Fiore, F Giommi, P Padovani, P AF Elvis, M Fiore, F Giommi, P Padovani, P TI X-raying a galaxy: PHL 6625 behind NGC 247 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter DE galaxies, active; galaxies, individual, NGC 247; galaxies, ISM; quasars, individual, PHL 6625; X-rays, galaxies ID QUASAR ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SCULPTOR GROUP; H-I; SPECTRA; EMISSION; ATLAS AB PHL 6625, a z=0.38, radio-quiet quasar, shows a clear excess of low-energy absorption in its ROSAT PSPC soft X-ray spectrum. This absorption is almost certainly produced by the interstellar medium in NGC247, a foreground spiral galaxy, which lies similar to 3.4 kpc (4.6 arcmin) away in projection. Comparison of the X-ray absorption and the 21-cm H I column density through NGC247 suggests a larger than expected effect in X-rays, Several possibilities are considered to explain this apparent discrepancy. Additional high-velocity H I components of the interstellar medium are currently the most plausible cause. PHL 6625 also clearly decreased in its soft X-ray flux by a factor of 2 in 6 months. C1 OSSERV ASTRON ROMA, I-00040 MONTE PORZIO CATONE, RM, ITALY. BEPPOSAX SCI DATA CTR, I-00131 ROME, ITALY. UNIV ROMA TOR VERGATA, DIPARTIMENTO FIS, I-00133 ROME, ITALY. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, ESA, DEPT SPACE SCI, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. RP Elvis, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 291 IS 3 BP L49 EP L52 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YF570 UT WOS:A1997YF57000004 ER PT J AU Sylvester, RJ Barlow, MJ NguyenQRieu Liu, XW Skinner, CJ Cohen, RJ Lim, T Cox, P TruongBach Smith, HA Habing, HJ AF Sylvester, RJ Barlow, MJ NguyenQRieu Liu, XW Skinner, CJ Cohen, RJ Lim, T Cox, P TruongBach Smith, HA Habing, HJ TI Detection by ISO of the far-infrared OH maser pumping lines in IRC+10420 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter DE masers; circumstellar matter; stars, individual, IRC+10420; infrared, stars ID SHORT-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; IR STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; CALIBRATION; EXCITATION AB The population inversions which lead to circumstellar hydroxyl (OH) maser emission from cool stars have long been thought to be radiatively pumped. However, the proposed pumping mechanism has not been directly observed before now, because the spectral lines that correspond to the rotational transitions of the pumping cycle lie in the far-infrared, and are unobservable from the ground. We present ISO observations of IRC+10420, obtained with its Short and Long Wavelength Spectrometers (SWS and LWS, respectively). This object is an F-type hypergiant and a strong OH maser source. The SWS spectrum clearly shows the 34.6-mu m doubler in absorption, and the ensuing rotational cascade Lines at 98.7, 163 and 79 mu m are clearly detected in emission in the LWS spectrum. These spectra provide the first direct confirmation of the radiative pumping cycle for circumstellar OH masers. C1 OBSERV PARIS,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NUFFIELD RADIO ASTRON OBSERV LABS,MACCLESFIELD SK11 9DL,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. ISO,SCI OPERAT CTR,LWS INSTRUMENT DEDICATED TEAM,E-28080 MADRID,SPAIN. UNIV PARIS 11,INST ASTROPHYS SPATIALE,F-01405 ORSAY,FRANCE. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. STERREWACHT LEIDEN,NL-2300 RA LEIDEN,NETHERLANDS. RP Sylvester, RJ (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,GOWER ST,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. RI Barlow, Michael/A-5638-2009 OI Barlow, Michael/0000-0002-3875-1171 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 291 IS 3 BP L42 EP L46 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YF570 UT WOS:A1997YF57000002 ER PT J AU Fri, RW AF Fri, RW TI Toward a natural history museum for the 21st Century + Management - Challenges and strategies SO MUSEUM NEWS LA English DT Article RP Fri, RW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC MUSEUMS PI WASHINGTON PA 1575 EYE ST, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0027-4089 J9 MUSEUM NEWS JI Mus. News PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 76 IS 6 BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Art SC Art GA YD913 UT WOS:A1997YD91300020 ER PT J AU Kreamer, CM AF Kreamer, CM TI African voices + The planning process for the National-Museum-of-Natural-History's Hall-of-African-History-and-Cultures SO MUSEUM NEWS LA English DT Article RP Kreamer, CM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC MUSEUMS PI WASHINGTON PA 1575 EYE ST, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0027-4089 J9 MUSEUM NEWS JI Mus. News PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 76 IS 6 BP 50 EP 55 PG 6 WC Art SC Art GA YD913 UT WOS:A1997YD91300021 ER PT J AU Parker, GG AF Parker, GG TI Canopy structure and light environment of an old-growth Douglas-fir western Hemlock forest SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; TRANSMITTANCE AB The three-dimensional light environment within the canopy of a tall coniferous forest was sampled to quantify its variation and localize the sites of radiation absorption. Broadband visible (PAR) and ultraviolet radiation (UVB) were measured around midday in midsummer in an old-growth Douglas-fir/Western Hemlock forest in the Cascade Range in southern Washington using sensors suspended from the gondola of a large tower crane. Patterns of vertical transmittance Varied greatly between locations and showed abrupt transitions from bright to dark conditions at varying heights. The average light field in this canopy with trees to 60 m was resolved into three functional zones. Above 40 m from the ground is a ''bright zone,'' where light was reliably intense and predominantly in the direct beam component, and below 12 m, a ''dim zone,'' where light was reliably low and mostly diffuse. Between these levels is a ''transition zone,'' with a steep vertical gradient in light transmittance, high horizontal variation, and a mixture of beam and diffuse components. The pattern of UVB light was very similar to that of PAR. From the general transmittance profile the vertical structure of the canopy was estimated to have a peak density of foliage at 12 m (less than one quarter of the stand height) with declining densities above and below. The ''bottom-heavy'' canopy structure found in this study differs markedly from the ''top-heavy'' profiles reported from managed or young stands. RP Parker, GG (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 28,EDGEWATER,MD 21037, USA. OI Parker, Geoffrey/0000-0001-7055-6491 NR 21 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 7 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 71 IS 4 BP 261 EP 270 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YL056 UT WOS:A1997YL05600001 ER PT J AU Hoghoj, P Ziegler, E Susini, J Freund, AK Joensen, KD Gorenstein, P Wood, JL AF Hoghoj, P Ziegler, E Susini, J Freund, AK Joensen, KD Gorenstein, P Wood, JL TI Focusing of hard X-rays with a W/Si supermirror SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE supermirror; x-ray optics; hard x-rays; x-ray focusing; W/Si multilayer ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; MIRRORS; OPTICS AB The performances of single coating mirrors and supermirrors for hard X-rays are compared. It is found that supermirrors can reflect X-rays at a theta/lambda, ratio more than three times larger than for single coating mirrors. A W/Si supermirror is applied to the focusing of a white beam of X-rays and is found to efficiently reflect and focus X-rays for energies up to 69.5 keV. At higher energies the performance is limited by the absorption of W above the absorption edge. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 EUROPEAN SYNCHROTRON RADIAT FACIL,F-38043 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. OSM INC,TROY,MI 48084. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD NOV PY 1997 VL 132 IS 3 BP 528 EP 533 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(97)00437-0 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA YH608 UT WOS:A1997YH60800024 ER PT J AU Bannikov, AF Tyler, JC AF Bannikov, AF Tyler, JC TI First discovery of a porcupinefish (Tetraodontiformes) in the Eocene of the North Caucasus SO PALEONTOLOGICHESKII ZHURNAL LA Russian DT Article AB The porcupinefish (family Diodontidae) Pshekhadiodon parini gen. et sp. nov. is described based on the imprint of a skeleton in part and counterpart from the Middle Eocene (Kuma Horizon) of the North Caucasus (Corny Luch locality). The validity of the Eocene genus of diodontids Heptadiodon (North Italy) is confirmed. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Paleontol, Moscow, Russia. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Bannikov, AF (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Paleontol, Moscow, Russia. RI Bannikov, Alexander/P-9902-2015 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0031-031X J9 PALEONTOL ZH JI Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 IS 6 BP 81 EP 85 PG 5 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA YN009 UT WOS:000071123900012 ER PT J AU Schultz, DR Wells, JC Krstic, PS Reinhold, CO AF Schultz, DR Wells, JC Krstic, PS Reinhold, CO TI Lattice Schrodinger-equation approach for excitation and ionization of He+ by antiproton impact SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT HARTREE-FOCK; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; HYDROGENIC IONS; ATOM COLLISIONS AB Cross sections for excitation to low-lying states and ionization of He+ by antiproton impact are calculated in the energy range 1-500 keV by solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation on a numerical lattice. The results are compared with those of other theoretical approaches. Such comparisons allow a strenuous test of the lattice Schrodinger-equation approach for this fundamental collision system. [S1050-2947(97)04311-4]. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Schultz, DR (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016; OI Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030; Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 3710 EP 3713 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.3710 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YF529 UT WOS:A1997YF52900050 ER PT J AU Wells, JC Simbotin, I Gavrila, M AF Wells, JC Simbotin, I Gavrila, M TI High-frequency Floquet-theory content of wave-packet dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID INTENSE LASER FIELDS; TIME-DEPENDENT THEORY; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; ADIABATIC STABILIZATION; SUPPRESSION; SUPERINTENSE; STABILITY; EQUATION; STATES AB We study the connection of the high-frequency Floquet theory (HFFT) and the wave-packet dynamics (WPD) descriptions of laser-atom interactions. The analysis is motivated by the need to ascertain the realm of validity of the current form of the HFFT and extend its scope. We test the general ideas on a one-dimensional atomic model with soft Coulomb potential, frequently considered before. The comparison is carried out in two stages of approximation. In the first stage, we compare WPD predictions for ionization with those from the usual (single-state) form of the HFFT. To make the comparison meaningful, we use as initial conditions for the WPD bound high-frequency ''dressed states,'' corresponding to the peak intensity of the field. The dressed states play a special role in the HFFT and have direct physical interpretation at high frequencies. We show that, under certain conditions, the decay rates extracted from WPD agree rather well with those from the HFFT. Thus ''adiabatic stabilization,'' derived originally from the HFFT, results also from WPD. This form of the phenomenon contrasts ''dynamic stabilization,'' the only form shown so far to follow from WPD. In the next stage of the comparison, we extend the HFFT in two directions: we include results from the second iteration within the theory, and we introduce a multistate HFFT analysis. As a test for the agreement of the HFFT and WPD we compare the results regarding the populations in dressed states. In a variety of circumstances we find striking agreement, indicating the potential of the multistate Floquet analysis. In addition, we study the characteristics of the population trading among the dressed states during the ionization process. Although the individual populations in bound states may fluctuate substantially, their sum decreases rather smoothly in time, as predicted analytically by the HFFT. [S1050-2947(97)02311-1]. C1 FOM,INST ATOM & MOL PHYS,NL-1098 SJ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP Wells, JC (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016 OI Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030 NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 3961 EP 3973 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.3961 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YF529 UT WOS:A1997YF52900077 ER PT J AU Segev, B Cote, R Raizen, MG AF Segev, B Cote, R Raizen, MG TI Quantum reflection from an atomic mirror SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CASIMIR INTERACTIONS; OPTICS; FORCE; WAVE AB We calculate the reflection probability for ultracold atoms incident on an evanescent-wave atomic mirror, and analyze the optimum conditions to observe quantum reflection. We find that averaging over the Gaussian profile of the laser beam dramatically reduces the quantum signature, and consider the effects of an appropriate aperture that limits the variation of beam intensity. We show that quantum reflection is particularly sensitive to details of the atom-surface potential. and could be used to resolve retardation effects. [S1050-2947(97)50611-1]. C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT PHYS,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP Segev, B (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 27 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP R3350 EP R3353 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YF529 UT WOS:A1997YF52900009 ER PT J AU Flambaum, VV Murray, DW Orton, SR AF Flambaum, VV Murray, DW Orton, SR TI Time invariance violating nuclear electric octupole moments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARITY; PA-229; ODD; SHAPES AB The existence of a nuclear electric octupole moment (EOM) requires both parity and time invariance violation. The EOM's of odd Z nuclei that are induced by a particular T-and P-odd interaction are calculated. We compare such octupole moments with the collective EOM's that can occur in nuclei having a static octupole deformation. A nuclear EOM can induce a parity-and time-invariance-violating atomic electric dipole moment, and the magnitude of this effect is calculated. The contribution of a nuclear EOM to such a dipole moment is found, in most cases, to be smaller than that of other mechanisms of atomic electric dipole moment production. C1 HARVARD UNIV, ITAMP, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP UNIV NEW S WALES, SCH PHYS, SYDNEY, NSW 2052, AUSTRALIA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2820 EP 2829 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.56.2820 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA YH009 UT WOS:A1997YH00900053 ER PT J AU Nakamura, N Kojima, S Lim, YA Meselhy, MR Hattori, M Gupta, MP Correa, M AF Nakamura, N Kojima, S Lim, YA Meselhy, MR Hattori, M Gupta, MP Correa, M TI Dammarane-type triterpenes from Cordia spinescens SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cordia spinescens; Boraginaceae; dammarane-type triterpene ID STEREOCHEMISTRY AB Two new triterpenes, 3 alpha,6 beta,25-trihydroxy-20(S),24(S)-epoxydammarane and 3 alpha-acetoxy-6 beta,25-dihydroxy-20(S),24(S)-epoxydammarane, were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Cordia spinescens, together with cabraleadiol. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 TOYAMA MED & PHARMACEUT UNIV,RES INST WAKAN YAKU TRADIT SINO JAPANESE MED,TOYAMA 93001,JAPAN. UNIV PANAMA,COLL PHARM,PHARMACOGNOSY RES CTR PANAMER FLORA,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. UNIV PANAMA,HERBARIUM,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. OI Gupta, Mahabir/0000-0002-9302-7864 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD NOV PY 1997 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1139 EP 1141 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00407-X PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA YH459 UT WOS:A1997YH45900034 ER PT J AU Lim, YA Kojima, H Nakamura, N Miyashiro, H Fushimi, H Komatsu, K Hattori, M Shimotohno, K Gupta, MP Correa, M AF Lim, YA Kojima, H Nakamura, N Miyashiro, H Fushimi, H Komatsu, K Hattori, M Shimotohno, K Gupta, MP Correa, M TI Inhibitory effects of Cordia spinescens extracts and their constituents on reverse transcriptase and protease from human immunodeficiency virus SO PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cordia spinescens; reverse transcriptase; protease; magnesium lithospermate; magnesium rosmarinate; calcium rosmarinate; Boraginaceae; HIV-1 ID LITHOSPERMUM-RUDERALE; POLYPHENOLIC ACIDS; HIV AB By bioactive-guided fractionation of a water extract of Cordia spinescens, magnesium lithospermate (1), calcium rosmarinate (2) and magnesium rosmarinate (3) were isolated as patent inhibitory substances against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) with IC50 values of 0.8, 5.8 and 3.1 mu M, respectively. However, they were weak HIV-1 protease (PR) inhibitors with IC50>100 mu M. The RT inhibition by these compounds was noncompetitive with respect to dTTP substrate. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 RES INST WAKAN YAKU TRADIT SINO JAPANESE MED,TOYAMA 93001,JAPAN. NATL CANC CTR,RES INST,DIV VIROL,CHUO KU,TOKYO 104,JAPAN. UNIV PANAMA,COLL PHARM,PHARMACOGNOSY RES CTR PANAMANIAN FLORA,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. HERBARIUM UNIV PANAMA,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. OI Gupta, Mahabir/0000-0002-9302-7864 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-418X J9 PHYTOTHER RES JI Phytother. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 11 IS 7 BP 490 EP 495 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199711)11:7<490::AID-PTR134>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YC979 UT WOS:A1997YC97900003 ER PT J AU Schulman, E French, JC Powell, AL Eichhorn, G Kurtz, MJ Murray, SS AF Schulman, E French, JC Powell, AL Eichhorn, G Kurtz, MJ Murray, SS TI Trends in astronomical publication between 1975 and 1996 SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID ASTROPHYSICS AB Trends in astronomical publication have traditionally been studied by examining the few thousand papers published in a few selected journals within a few selected years. With the development of comprehensive bibliographic databases such as ADS and SIMBAD, publication trends can now be studied using tens of thousands of papers published in a number of refereed astronomy journals. The ADS has extensive bibliographic information on almost every paper published in seven major astronomy journals over the past two decades; the SIMBAD database can be used to verify critical bibliographic information such as the number of authors and the length of the papers, Here we present results of a study of astronomical publication trends using 76,000 papers published in A&A, A&AS, AJ, ApJ, ApJS, MNRAS, and PASP between 1975 and 1996, Two trends are particularly interesting: the fraction of single-author papers has decreased by about a factor of three in the last 20 years, while astronomical papers with more than 50 authors have become increasingly common since 1990. C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT COMP SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. RP Schulman, E (reprint author), NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,520 EDGEMONT RD,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. RI KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009; Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009; OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978; Kurtz, Michael/0000-0002-6949-0090 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 109 IS 741 BP 1278 EP 1284 DI 10.1086/134008 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YG719 UT WOS:A1997YG71900012 ER PT J AU Baudin, F Koutchmy, S AF Baudin, F Koutchmy, S TI That false quietness of the sun SO RECHERCHE LA French DT Article ID SOLAR C1 CNRS,F-75700 PARIS,FRANCE. INST ASTROPHYS,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. RP Baudin, F (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ED SCIENTIFIQUES PI PARIS 06 PA 57 RUE DE SEINE, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 0029-5671 J9 RECHERCHE JI Recherche PD NOV PY 1997 IS 303 BP 32 EP 36 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YD710 UT WOS:A1997YD71000012 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, O TI In praise of fakes SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Editorial Material RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5 BP 120 EP 121 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YC293 UT WOS:A1997YC29300032 ER PT J AU Johnson, GD Patterson, C AF Johnson, GD Patterson, C TI The gill-arches of gonorynchiform fishes SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OSTARIOPHYSAN FISHES AB The Gonorynchiformes, a small group of teleost fishes, are of particular interest because they are the sister-group of ostariophysans, the largest group of freshwater fishes, Here we review gill-arch structure in Recent gonorynchiforms and describe a remarkable range of modifications, providing an array of characters bearing on interrelationships within the group. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Div Fisheries, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Palaeontol, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Johnson, GD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Div Fisheries, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM johnson.dave@nmnh.si.edu NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD SCIENCE SOUTH AFRICA A S S AF PI LYNWOOD RIDGE PA PO BOX 72135, LYNWOOD RIDGE 0040, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0038-2353 J9 S AFR J SCI JI S. Afr. J. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 93 IS 11-12 BP 594 EP 600 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZJ921 UT WOS:000073267100020 ER PT J AU Dorr, LJ AF Dorr, LJ TI Botanical libraries and herbaria in North America .4. The Samuel Botsford Buckley-Rebecca Mann Dean mystery SO TAXON LA English DT Article AB Samuel Botsford Buckley (1809-1884) amassed a herbarium of approximately 6000 specimens through his own labours and through exchange with other botanists, mostly American but also European. This herbarium was acquired by Rebecca Mann Dean (1821-1890), a professor of natural history and other subjects at Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio, and wife of a bookstore owner who had a brief row with Buckley in the 1850s. Before her death, she sold Buckley's herbarium to Washington University, St Louis, Missouri. Within a few years of the sale, the herbarium was combined with that of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Neither the botanical activities of Buckley, which are fairly well understood, nor the nature of the transaction conveying the herbarium from Buckley to Dean, which is still problematic, could have been sketched without information contained in correspondence saved by botanical libraries and other scholarly institutions. The importance of keeping botanical libraries and archives in close proximity to herbaria is reaffirmed by this case study. RP Dorr, LJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,MRC166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN BOTANISCHES MUSEUM BERLIN-DAHLEM, KONIGIN-LUISE-STRABE 6-8, D-14191 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD NOV PY 1997 VL 46 IS 4 BP 661 EP 687 DI 10.2307/1224474 PG 27 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA YJ795 UT WOS:A1997YJ79500004 ER PT J AU Smith, SF AF Smith, SF TI Lyman Bradford Smith (1904-1997) SO TAXON LA English DT Item About an Individual RP Smith, SF (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,MRC166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN BOTANISCHES MUSEUM BERLIN-DAHLEM, KONIGIN-LUISE-STRABE 6-8, D-14191 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD NOV PY 1997 VL 46 IS 4 BP 819 EP 824 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA YJ795 UT WOS:A1997YJ79500017 ER PT J AU Stork, NE Wright, SJ Mulkey, SS AF Stork, NE Wright, SJ Mulkey, SS TI Craning for a better view: The canopy crane network SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOREST CANOPIES; ECOLOGY; TREE C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT BOT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP Stork, NE (reprint author), JAMES COOK UNIV N QUEENSLAND,COOPERAT RES CTR TROP RAINFOREST ECOL & MANAGE,CAIRNS CAMPUS,CAIRNS,QLD 4870,AUSTRALIA. RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 418 EP 420 DI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01205-6 PG 3 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA YD161 UT WOS:A1997YD16100002 PM 21238136 ER PT J AU Jordan, TE Correll, DL Weller, DE AF Jordan, TE Correll, DL Weller, DE TI Relating nutrient discharges from watersheds to land use and streamflow variability SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; RHODE RIVER ESTUARY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RIPARIAN FOREST; GROUNDWATER NITRATE; DRAINAGE BASINS; ANNUAL CYCLE; PHYTOPLANKTON; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN AB During a 1-year period we measured discharges of water, suspended solids, and nutrients from 27 watersheds having differing proportions of cropland in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain provinces of the Chesapeake Bay drainage. Annual flow-weighted mean concentrations of nitrate and organic N and C in stream water correlated with the relative proportions of base flow and storm flow. As the proportion of base flow increased, the concentration of nitrate increased and the concentrations of organic N and C decreased. This suggests that discharge of nitrate is promoted by groundwater flow but discharges of organic N and C are promoted by surface runoff. Concentrations of N species also increased as the proportion of cropland increased. We developed a statistical model that predicts concentrations of N species from the proportions of cropland and base flow. P concentrations did not correlate with cropland or base flow but correlated with the concentration of suspended solids, which differed among watersheds. RP Jordan, TE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 28,EDGEWATER,MD 21037, USA. OI Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437 NR 80 TC 189 Z9 194 U1 3 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2579 EP 2590 DI 10.1029/97WR02005 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA YE788 UT WOS:A1997YE78800015 ER PT J AU Herre, EA West, SA AF Herre, EA West, SA TI Conflict of interest in a mutualism: documenting the elusive fig wasp seed trade-off SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION; FICUS; MORACEAE; CHALCIDOIDEA; POLLINATORS; PARASITES; AGAONIDAE; SYMBIOSIS; FRUIT AB The generally accepted view that mutualisms represent reciprocal exploitations implies a greater or lesser degree of inherent tension between the partners. This view emphasizes the importance of identifying conflicts of interest between the partners, and then attempting to quantify the effects of factors that influence costs and benefits to each. The natural history of the speciose fig-fig wasp pollination mutualisms permits such measurements. However, previous attempts to document the presumed tensions, which are expected to result in a negative relationship between the production of viable seeds and pollinator wasp offspring, have met with mixed results, casting doubt on the existence of the conflict. Here, we present hierarchical analyses of 929 fruits sampled from 30 crops representing nine species of monoecious New World figs. These analyses control for the confounding influences of variation in (1) pollination intensity (numbers of foundress pollinators); (2) flower number per fruit; and (3) the proportion of those flowers that develop, on seed and wasp production, both among and within crops. We thereby show that a negative relationship between the production of viable seeds and wasps is, in fact, ubiquitous, thus documenting this underlying tension inherent in the mutualism. We suggest that complex interactions of variables that influence costs and benefits are likely to be a general property of most mutualistic systems. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, APO, AA 34002 USA. UNIV EDINBURGH, INST CELL ANIM & POPULAT BIOL, EDINBURGH EH9 3JT, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. RP Herre, EA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, APARTADO 2072, BALBOA, PANAMA. RI West, Stuart/M-3608-2014 OI West, Stuart/0000-0003-2152-3153 NR 37 TC 108 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD OCT 22 PY 1997 VL 264 IS 1387 BP 1501 EP 1507 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA YC630 UT WOS:A1997YC63000014 ER PT J AU Perna, R Loeb, A Bartelmann, M AF Perna, R Loeb, A Bartelmann, M TI Effects of dust on gravitational lensing by spiral galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, theory; dust, extinction; galaxies, spiral; gravitational lensing; quasars, absorption lines ID DAMPED LYMAN-ALPHA; ABSORPTION SYSTEMS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; METAL ENRICHMENT; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; STAR-FORMATION; DISK GALAXIES; QSO SURVEY; QUASARS; ABUNDANCES AB Gravitational lensing of an optical QSO by a spiral galaxy is often counteracted by dust obscuration, since the line of sight to the QSO passes close to the center of the galactic disk. The dust in the lens is likely to be correlated with neutral hydrogen, which in turn should leave an Ly alpha absorption signature on the QSO spectrum. We use the estimated dust-to-gas ratio of the Milky Way galaxy as a mean and allow a spread in its values to calculate the effects of dust on lensing by low-redshift spiral galaxies. Using a no-evolution model for spirals at z less than or similar to 0.8, we find, in Lambda = 0 cosmologies, that the magnification bias due to lensing is stronger than dust obscuration for QSO samples with a magnitude limit of B less than or similar to 16. The density parameter of neutral hydrogen, Omega(H I), is overestimated in such samples and is underestimated for fainter QSOs. C1 MAX PLANCK INST ASTROPHYS, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, MS 51, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RI Bartelmann, Matthias/A-5336-2014 NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 2 BP 550 EP 556 DI 10.1086/304712 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB992 UT WOS:A1997YB99200005 ER PT J AU Harrus, IM Hughes, JP Singh, KP Koyama, K Asaoka, I AF Harrus, IM Hughes, JP Singh, KP Koyama, K Asaoka, I TI Interpretation of the center-filled emission from the supernova remnant W44 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, abundances; ISM, individual (W44); nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; shock waves; supernova remnants; X-rays, ISM ID LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; X-RAY-EMISSION; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; PSR B1853+01; PULSAR; RADIO; ABSORPTION; EVOLUTION; DISCOVERY; NEBULA AB We report the results of spectral and morphological studies of X-ray data from the supernova remnant (SNR) W44. Spectral analysis of archival data from the Einstein Observatory, ROSAT, and Ginga, covering a total energy range from 0.3 to 8 keV, indicates that the SNR can be described well by a nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) model with temperature similar to 0.9 keV and ionization timescale of order 6000 cm(-3) yr. All elemental abundances are found to be within about a factor of 2 of their cosmic values, with iron possibly appearing to show significant depletion. No clear evidence for emission from supernova ejecta can be inferred from the observed metal abundances. The column density toward the SNR is high-around 10(22) atoms cm(-2)-as expected given the location of the remnant in the Galactic plane. In addition to the spectral analysis, we have investigated two different evolutionary scenarios to explain the centrally brightened X-ray morphology of the remnant: (1) a model involving the slow thermal evaporation of clouds engulfed by the supernova blast wave as it propagates though a clumpy interstellar medium (ISM), and (2) a hydrodynamical simulation of a blast wave propagating through a homogeneous ISM, including the effects of radiative cooling. Both models can have their respective parameters tuned to reproduce approximately the morphology of the SNR. The mean temperature of the hot plasma in W44 as determined by our NEI X-ray analysis provides the essential key to discriminating between these scenarios. Based on the size (using the well-established distance of 3 kpc) and temperature of W44, the dynamical evolution predicted by the White & Long model gives an age for the SNR of merely 6500 yr. We argue that because this age is inconsistent with the characteristic age (P/2(P) over dot similar to 20,000 yr) of PSR 1853 + 01, the radio pulsar believed to be associated with W44, this model does not provide the explanation for the center-filled morphology. We favor the radiative-phase shock model since it can reproduce both the morphology and the age of W44, assuming reasonable values for the initial explosion energy,in the range 0.7-0.9 x 10(51) ergs, and an ambient ISM density of between 3 and 4 cm(-3). C1 COLUMBIA UNIV, DEPT PHYS, NEW YORK, NY 10027 USA. RUTGERS STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA. TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES, MUMBAI 400005, INDIA. KYOTO UNIV, DEPT PHYS, SAKYO KU, KYOTO 606, JAPAN. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, D-37075 GARCHING, GERMANY. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 55 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 2 BP 781 EP 791 DI 10.1086/304717 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB992 UT WOS:A1997YB99200027 ER PT J AU Lopez, B Danchi, WC Bester, M Hale, DDS Lipman, EA Monnier, JD Tuthill, PG Townes, CH Degiacomi, CG Geballe, TR Greenhill, LJ Cruzalebes, P Lefevre, J Mekarnia, D Mattei, JA Nishimoto, D Kervin, PW AF Lopez, B Danchi, WC Bester, M Hale, DDS Lipman, EA Monnier, JD Tuthill, PG Townes, CH Degiacomi, CG Geballe, TR Greenhill, LJ Cruzalebes, P Lefevre, J Mekarnia, D Mattei, JA Nishimoto, D Kervin, PW TI Nonspherical structures and temporal variations in the dust shell of o ceti observed with a long baseline interferometer at 11 microns SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared, stars; stars, individual (o Ceti); stars, mass loss; stars, variables, long-period variables; techniques, interferometric ID CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; SPATIAL INTERFEROMETRY; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PERIOD VARIABLES; MIRA VARIABLES; ALPHA-ORIONIS; EVOLVED STARS; MASS-LOSS; EMISSION; TEMPERATURE AB Visibility observations at 11 mu m of o Ceti have been made with the University of California (Berkeley) Infrared Spatial Interferometer during the time period 1988-1995. The observed visibilities change dra matically from one epoch to another and are not consistent with simple heating or cooling of the dust with change in luminosity as a function of stellar phase. Instead, large temporal variations in the density of dust within a few stellar radii of the photosphere of o Ceti have occurred. Spherically symmetric models of the dust distribution with two dust shells, one within three stellar radii of the photosphere of the star, the other approximately 10 stellar radii from the star, can account reasonably well for the observed changes. Four types of axially symmetric radiative transfer models were also compared with the data-a spherical shell with an ellipsoidal inner cavity, a disk, a spherical shell. with one or two inhomogeneities or clumps, and a set of thin partial shells with a fixed distance between them. Of the four models, only the one with the ellipsoidal inner cavity is excluded. The data were best-fitted with the last two models, which emphasize inhomogeneities or clumps. To fit the observed temporal changes in the visibility data, all models must include a change in the density-increasing and decreasing-of dust close to the photosphere of the star. The axially symmetric models had clumps placed at distances from the star in agreement with distances of the spherical models. Good fits to the observed broadband spectrum of the star were also obtained with these models. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SPACE SCI LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV COLOGNE,INST PHYS 1,KOSMA,D-50937 COLOGNE,GERMANY. UNITED KINGDOM INFRARED TELESCOPE,HILO,HI 96720. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. AMER ASSOC VARIABLE STAR OBSERVERS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. ROCKWELL POWER SYST CO,KIHEI,HI 96753. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIHEI,HI 96753. RI Lipman, Everett/D-1696-2009 NR 48 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 2 BP 807 EP 826 DI 10.1086/304719 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB992 UT WOS:A1997YB99200030 ER PT J AU Blitz, L Williams, JP AF Blitz, L Williams, JP TI Molecular clouds are not fractal: A characteristic size scale in Taurus SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, clouds; ISM, structure; stars, formation ID STAR-FORMATION; COMPLEX AB A simple, robust method of determining whether molecular clouds are fractal is described. The method is applied to the Taurus Molecular Cloud, which is shown to exhibit a change in the character of the structure on a scale of 0.25-0.5 pc, close to the thermal Jeans length at the gas densities probed by (CO)-C-13. The method is applicable to any data cube of optically thin emission. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Blitz, L (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,601 CAMPBELL HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Williams, Jonathan/B-1643-2009; OI Williams, Jonathan/0000-0001-5058-695X NR 14 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 2 BP L145 EP L148 DI 10.1086/310941 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YC001 UT WOS:A1997YC00100023 ER PT J AU Wilner, DJ Wright, MCH AF Wilner, DJ Wright, MCH TI A 2.8 millimeter survey of the Hubble deep field SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, evolution; radio continuum, galaxies ID BACKGROUND-RADIATION; GALAXIES; DUST; GAS AB We present a continuum survey of the Hubble Deep Field at a wavelength of 2.8 mm made with the BIMA array. A mosaic of seven pointings was constructed to span the entire 4.'7 x 4.'7 area observed by the Hubble Space Telescope with 4.'' 7 resolution and a nearly uniform 0.71 mJy rms sensitivity. No significant sources of emission were found (>5 sigma). We use these observations to place limits on the presence of far-infrared emission from dusty star-forming galaxies at high redshifts. The most stringent limits apply for a critically closed universe (Omega(0) = 1), dust temperatures typical of nearby starbursts (40 K), and long-wavelength dust emissivity power-law index beta = 1. For these parameters, the data rule out systems at z > 5 with far-infrared luminosities in excess of 1.3 x 10(13) L-.. The lack of a large population of such luminous systems supports the view that galaxies are assembled in a hierarchical fashion instead of forming the bulk of their stars In single bursts of short duration. For an open universe and/or substantially higher dust temperatures, the limits are higher by an order of magnitude or more and allow for undetected massive starbursts. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, RADIO ASTRON LAB, BERKELEY, CA USA. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 2 BP L67 EP L70 DI 10.1086/310924 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YC001 UT WOS:A1997YC00100004 ER PT J AU Young, K AF Young, K TI Neutral carbon in the protoplanetary nebulae CRL 618 AND CRL 2688 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars, AGB and post-AGB; stars, evolution; stars, individual, (CRL 618, CRL 2688); stars, mass loss ID PLANETARY-NEBULAE; MOLECULAR ENVELOPES; ATOMIC CARBON; CRL-2688; CRL-618; EVOLUTION; IRC+10216; EMISSION; OUTFLOW; STARS AB The 609 mu m P-3(1) --> P-3(0) line of neutral atomic carbon has been detected in the protoplanetary nebulae CRL 618 and CRL 2688. C I appears to be about 7% as abundant as CO in CRL 2688 and 70% as abundant as CO in CRL 618. C I emission arises primarily from the slow component of the wind from these objects. The data presented here indicate that C I gradually becomes more abundant as the star leaves the asymptotic giant branch and that C I is significantly enhanced relative to CO before the star develops a large H II region. RP Young, K (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,MS 78,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 2 BP L157 EP L160 DI 10.1086/310926 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YC001 UT WOS:A1997YC00100026 ER PT J AU Riley, SM AF Riley, SM TI The letter - Evans,RP SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Riley, SM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 17 BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA YB536 UT WOS:A1997YB53600232 ER PT J AU Fabian, AC Brandt, WN McMahon, RG Hook, IM AF Fabian, AC Brandt, WN McMahon, RG Hook, IM TI The extreme X-ray luminosity of the z=4.72 radio-loud quasar GB 1428+4217 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter DE quasars: general; quasars: individual: GB 1428+4217; X-rays: galaxies ID HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTRA AB We report on a ROSAT High Resolution Imager observation of the radio-loud quasar GB 1428+4217, which is at a redshift z = 4.72. The quasar was well detected, with a flux in the observed 0.1-2.4 keV band of similar to 10(-12) erg cm(-2) s(-1). Our result confirms that the object in the catalogue of serendipitous X-ray sources, WGACAT, is indeed the quasar. GB 1428+4217 is therefore the brightest X-ray source above a redshift of 4 and has an extremely high isotropic X-ray luminosity, which exceeds that in other (observed) bands. The observed spectral energy distribution of the object therefore peaks at X-ray, or even shorter, wavelengths. We speculate that the emission in the object is beamed toward us. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS DIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. EUROPEAN SO OBSERV,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. RP Fabian, AC (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,INST ASTRON,MADINGLEY RD,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA,ENGLAND. RI Brandt, William/N-2844-2015 OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453 NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 1997 VL 291 IS 1 BP L5 EP L7 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YD914 UT WOS:A1997YD91400002 ER PT J AU Iwasawa, K Fabian, AC Brandt, WN Crawford, CS Almaini, O AF Iwasawa, K Fabian, AC Brandt, WN Crawford, CS Almaini, O TI AXJ1749+684: a narrow-emission-line galaxy with a flat X-ray spectrum SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual: AXJ1749+684; X-rays: galaxies ID SEYFERT-GALAXIES; OBSCURATION AB We report the serendipitous detection of an X-ray source, AX J1749+684, with the ASCA Gas Imaging Spectrometer. AXJ1749+684 is identified with a LINER/starburst-type spiral galaxy KUG 1750+683A at a redshift z = 0.05. It has a hard X-ray spectrum, consistent with that of the X-ray background (XRB) in the 1-10 keV band. Despite the optical classification, the X-ray luminosity cannot be explained by starburst activity. Combined with spatial variations in the optical emission-line ratios, this suggests the presence of an obscured Seyfert nucleus embedded within a star-forming galaxy. Similar behaviour could explain the ambiguous properties of the faint narrow-line X-ray galaxies (NLXGs) emerging from deep X-ray surveys. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Iwasawa, K (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,INST ASTRON,MADINGLEY RD,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA,ENGLAND. RI Brandt, William/N-2844-2015 OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 1997 VL 291 IS 1 BP L17 EP L22 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YD914 UT WOS:A1997YD91400005 ER PT J AU Zaldarriaga, M Spergel, DN Seljak, U AF Zaldarriaga, M Spergel, DN Seljak, U TI Microwave background constraints on cosmological parameters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology, theory; gravitational lensing; polarization ID ANISOTROPIES; STATISTICS; RADIATION; MAPS AB We use a high-accuracy computational code to investigate the precision with which cosmological parameters could be reconstructed by future cosmic microwave background experiments. We focus on the two planned satellite missions: MAP and Planck. We identify several parameter combinations that could be determined with a few percent accuracy with the two missions, as well as some degeneracies among the parameters that cannot be accurately resolved with the temperature data alone. These degeneracies can be broken by other astronomical measurements. Polarization measurements can significantly enhance the science return of both missions by allowing a more accurate determination of some cosmological parameters, by enabling the detection of gravity waves and by probing the ionization history of the universe. We also address the question of how Gaussian the likelihood function is around the maximum and whether gravitational lensing changes the constraints. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT ASTROPHYS SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Zaldarriaga, M (reprint author), MIT,DEPT PHYS,77 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. RI Spergel, David/A-4410-2011 NR 41 TC 362 Z9 362 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1086/304692 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB991 UT WOS:A1997YB99100001 ER PT J AU DiStefano, R Perna, R AF DiStefano, R Perna, R TI Identifying microlensing by binaries SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; gravitational lensing; stars, low-mass, brown dwarfs ID STARS; EVENTS; OBJECTS; SYSTEMS; SAMPLE; LIGHT; HALO AB The microlensing monitoring programs have studied large numbers of standard light curves that seem to be due to lensing by a dark point mass. Theory predicts that many microlensing events should display significant deviations from the standard form. Lens binarity, in particular, is expected to be common. So far, however, only a handful of light curves exhibit evidence that the lens is a binary; all of these display dramatic deviations from the standard light curve, exhibiting pronounced multiple peaks, caustic crossings, or both. Binary lens events in which the light curve is less dramatically perturbed should also exist in the data set. Why, then, have we not detected them? The answer may lie in the fact that the perturbations, though often significant, tend to be less distinctive than those associated with caustic crossings. It is therefore possible that some of these more gently perturbed events have been misclassified, and that others have simply been missed. Reliable estimates of the overall detection efficiency, and hence derivation of the fraction of the Galactic halo mass that may be in MACHOs, rely on resolving this issue. Microlensing can also be used to determine the form of the initial mass function (IMF) beyond the solar neighborhood; accurate determination of the IMF also relies on the ability to correctly identify binary light curves. We present a method to determine whether a light curve is due to lensing by a binary. The method works for both gently and dramatically perturbed binary-lens light curves. Our method identifies all degenerate solutions-i.e., all possible lensing events that might have given rise to the observed light curve. It also enables us to eliminate from consideration large ranges of possible false positive identifications associated with light curves that might mimic microlensing by a binary. This method, or a generalization of it, can also be applied to the analysis of light curves that deviate from the standard point-mass lens form because of astronomical effects other than lens binarity. RP DiStefano, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1086/304704 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB991 UT WOS:A1997YB99100006 ER PT J AU Wakker, BP Murphy, EM VanWoerden, H Dame, TM AF Wakker, BP Murphy, EM VanWoerden, H Dame, TM TI A sensitive search for molecular gas in high-velocity clouds SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy, halo; ISM, abundances; ISM, clouds; ISM, molecules; radio lines, ISM ID INTER-STELLAR CLOUDS; WESTERBORK OBSERVATIONS; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; MAGELLANIC STREAM; COMPLEX-M; ORIGIN; HYDROGEN; HALO; CO; PHOTODISSOCIATION AB We report on observations of the J = 1-0 line of (CO)-C-12 at 115 GH, toward several high-velocity H I clouds (HVCs). High angular resolution observations at 21 cm show the presence of dense cores with N(H I) = (2-4) x 10(20) cm(-2) and n(H I) = 30-800(kpc)(-1) cm(-3). We observed the CO line toward six of the densest HVC cores. No (CO)-C-12 emission is detected down to a best 5 sigma limit of 0.077 K km s(-1). Using the median I(CO) to N(H-2) conversion factor appropriate for high-latitude translucent clouds, this limit corresponds to a column density limit for N(H-2) of 9 x 10(18) cm(-2). We calculate the expected value of N(H-2) assuming a standard formation mechanism for the molecules and accounting for the run of the interstellar radiation held with the assumed distance to the HVC. The nondetections then indicate that the observed HVCs are more distant than similar to 2 kpc. This is consistent with the results of interstellar absorption line studies, which yield lower limits of 2-5 kpc for most of the observed HVCs. The nondetections also suggest that HVC cores are not likely to be current sites of star formation in the halo. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. UNIV GRONINGEN,KAPTEYN ASTRON INST,NL-9700 AV GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02128. RP Wakker, BP (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,475 N CHARTER ST,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 1 BP 216 EP 223 DI 10.1086/304682 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB991 UT WOS:A1997YB99100021 ER PT J AU Zhang, QZ Ho, PTP AF Zhang, QZ Ho, PTP TI Dynamical collapse in W51 massive cores: NH3 observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H II regions; ISM, clouds; ISM, individual (W51); masers; radio lines, ISM; stars, formation ID STAR-FORMING REGION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; VLA OBSERVATIONS; RADIO-CONTINUUM; MASER EMISSION; AMMONIA MASER; G10.6-0.4 AB We present high angular resolution (0.'' 2-1 '', similar to 1600-8000 AU) studies of the W51 H II region complex in the NH3 (J, K) = (1, 1), (2, 2), and (3, 3) inversion transitions. This region has been identified previously with spectroscopic signatures of gravitational collapse. In one of the infalling cores, W51e2, we detect radial infall of similar to 3.5 km s(-1) at scales of similar to 1 '' (0.04 pc) from the star. The inward motion in the core is nearly constant. A velocity gradient of similar to 4 km s(-1) exists at scales < 0.'' 4. The velocity gradient, which maximizes in the east-west direction, increases inward in radius as r(-1.2), which indicates rotation and spin-up of material during the course of collapse. The infall and rotational motions are comparable in the inner core close to the star. The molecular gas across both the e2 and e8 infall regions is hot (40-50 K) and dense (> 10(6) cm(-3)). The NH, rotational temperature remains roughly constant throughout the collapsing region. The mass densities in the infall region increase inward and scale with radius as r(-2). This density distribution and the total mass in the infall zones are consistent with free falls of constant speed at different spatial scales. RP Zhang, QZ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 38 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 1 BP 241 EP 257 DI 10.1086/304667 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB991 UT WOS:A1997YB99100024 ER PT J AU Ohashi, N Hayashi, M Ho, PTP Momose, M Tamura, M Hirano, N Sargent, AI AF Ohashi, N Hayashi, M Ho, PTP Momose, M Tamura, M Hirano, N Sargent, AI TI Rotation in the protostellar envelopes around IRAS 04169+2702 and IRAS 04365+2535: The size scale for dynamical collapse SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; ISM, kinematics and dynamics; radio lines, stars; stars, formation; stars, individual (IRAS 04169 + 2702, IRAS 04365 + 2535); stars, pre-main-sequence ID AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; DENSE CORES; DARK CLOUDS; GAS DISK; HL TAURI; STAR-FORMATION; CIRCUMPROTOSTELLAR ENVIRONMENTS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; GG TAURI AB We report interferometric observations of two embedded protostar candidates, IRAS 04169 + 2702 and IRAS 04365+2535 (TMC-1A), in the Taurus molecular cloud. The (CO)-O-18 J = 1-0 emission from IRAS 04169 + 2702 reveals a flattened envelope 2200 AU x 1100 AU in size; there is a velocity gradient along the elongation axis, which in turn is perpendicular to the outflow direction. Since the rotational velocity corrected for inclination, 0.23 km s(-1) at 370 AU, gives an unacceptably small dynamical mass of 0.02 M. within that radius, we speculate that there is additional radial motion, possibly infall, in the flattened envelope. Around IRAS 04365+2535, a compact (CO)-C-13 J = 1-0 condensation similar to 1400 AU in size was detected. Again, the velocity gradient is perpendicular to the associated molecular outflow, but a rotation velocity of 0.87 km s(-1) at 580 AU radius is consistent with the condensation being a rotationally supported disk. Combining our new data for the two sources with published observations of rotationally supported disks and infalling envelopes around five young stars associated with the Taurus molecular cloud enables us to compare local specific angular momenta of a significant sample of these sources on scales of 200-2000 AU with those of dense cores on 6000-80,000 AU (0.03-0.4 pc) scales. The specific angular momenta for infalling envelopes and rotationally supported disks are relatively constant, similar to 10(-3) km s(-1) pc, and are typically an order of magnitude smaller than those for dense cores. These results can be explained if the dynamical collapse of dense star-forming cores takes place inside radii of similar to 0.03 pc while the region outside this radius remains dynamically stable. C1 NATL ASTRON OBSERV,MITAKA,TOKYO 181,JAPAN. GRAD UNIV ADV STUDIES,DEPT ASTRON SCI,MINAMISA KU,NAGANO 38413,JAPAN. HITOTSUBASHI UNIV,KUNITACHI,TOKYO 186,JAPAN. CALTECH,DIV PHYS MATH & ASTRON,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP Ohashi, N (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 43 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 1 BP 317 EP & DI 10.1086/304685 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB991 UT WOS:A1997YB99100031 ER PT J AU Gerin, M Phillips, TG Benford, DJ Young, KH Menten, KM Frye, B AF Gerin, M Phillips, TG Benford, DJ Young, KH Menten, KM Frye, B TI Redshifted molecular absorption systems toward PKS 1830-211 AND B0218+357: submillimeter CO, C1, and H2O data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, ISM; ISM, molecules; quasars, absorption lines; quasars, individual ID EINSTEIN RING; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; Z=0.685; SEARCH; CLOUD AB We have detected the J = 4 <-- 3 rotational transition of (CO)-C-12 in absorption at z = 0.89 toward the quasar PKS 1830-211, but not the (CO)-C-12 (5<--4) or the P-3(1)<--P-3(0) fine-structure line of neutral carbon. The intervening molecular medium thus has a total (CO)-C-12 column density of 10(18) cm(-2)less than or equal to N(CO)less than or equal to 5 x 10(18) cm(-2) with a most likely value of N(CO) similar or equal to 2 x 10(18), which corresponds to the large column density of molecular hydrogen of N(H-2) = 2.5 x 10(22) cm(-2) and a reddening of A(F) = 25 mag. The (CO)-C-12 excitation temperature is low, below 15 K. Comparison with existing molecular absorption results shows that the absorbing material has molecular abundances similar to Galactic dark clouds. We find an upper limit for atomic carbon of N(C I) less than or equal to 10(18) cm(-2), which again would be the case for most Galactic dark clouds. We also report new observations of the absorbing system toward B0218+357 at z = 0.68. We have tentatively detected the (CO)-C-13 (4<--3) line, but for H2O, although a feature is seen at the correct velocity, because of the inadequate signal-to-noise ratio we report only an upper limit for the fundamental line of ortho-water vapor. The tentative detection of the (CO)-C-13 J = 4<--3 line implies that the (CO)-C-13 excitation temperature is lower than 20 K and the column density is fairly large, 4 x 10(16) cm(-2) less than or equal to N(CO13)less than or equal to 2.2 x 10(17) cm(-2), with a likely value of N(CO13) similar or equal to 10(17) cm(-2), giving rise to saturated absorption in the J = 2<--1 transition. The total column density of molecular gas is again large in this source, N(H-2)greater than or equal to 2 x 10(22) cm(-2), which corresponds to a reddening larger than 20 mag. C1 CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. MAX PLANCK INST RADIOASTRON,D-53121 BONN,GERMANY. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,RADIO ASTRON LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Gerin, M (reprint author), ECOLE NATL SUPER CHIM PARIS,PHYS LAB,24 RUE LHOMOND,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE. RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 1 BP L31 EP L34 DI 10.1086/310910 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB998 UT WOS:A1997YB99800008 ER PT J AU Riess, AG Davis, M Baker, J Kirshner, RP AF Riess, AG Davis, M Baker, J Kirshner, RP TI The velocity field from Type Ia supernovae matches the gravity field from galaxy surveys SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, observations; large-scale structure of universe; Local Group; supernovae, general ID LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; LOCAL GROUP; PECULIAR VELOCITY; REDSHIFT SURVEY; JY SURVEY; MOTION; DISTANCES; UNIVERSE; DENSITY; SAMPLES AB We compare the peculiar velocities of nearby Type la supernovae (SNs) with those predicted by the gravity fields of full-sky galaxy catalogs. The method provides a powerful test of the gravitational instability paradigm and strong constraints on the density parameter beta = Omega(0.6)/b. For 24 Type Ia SNs within 10,000 km s(-1), we find that the observed Type Ia SN peculiar velocities are well modeled by the predictions derived from the 1.2 Jy IRAS survey and the Optical Redshift Survey (ORS). Our best beta value is 0.4 from IRAS, and 0.3 from the ORS, with beta>0.7 and beta<0.15 ruled out at 95% confidence levels from the IRAS comparison. Bootstrap resampling tests show these results to be robust in the mean and in its error. The precision of this technique will improve as additional nearby Type Ia SNs are discovered and monitored. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Riess, AG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,601 CAMPBELL HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 36 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 1 BP L1 EP L5 DI 10.1086/310917 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB998 UT WOS:A1997YB99800001 ER PT J AU Heyer, WR AF Heyer, WR TI Geographic variation in the frog genus Vanzolinius (Anura: Leptodactylidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Vanzolinius discodactylus, a forest-dwelling frog species of western Amazonia in South America, varies in characters of color pattern, morphology, and advertisement call. Analysis of this variation indicates that very local (site) differentiation results in mosaic patterns of differentiation, largely obfuscating larger geographic patterns. Comparison of available genetic estimates of differentiation for V. discodactylus are consistent with the morphologically and advertisement call-based conclusions. A previously studied forest-dwelling lizard and another forest-dwelling frog also demonstrate local differentiation patterns suggesting that the variation in V. discodactylus may represent a general pattern for forest-dwelling amphibians and reptiles in Amazonia. RP Heyer, WR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 3 BP 338 EP 365 PG 28 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA YB827 UT WOS:A1997YB82700003 ER PT J AU Baldwin, CC Johnson, GD Paxton, JR AF Baldwin, CC Johnson, GD Paxton, JR TI Protoblepharon rosenblatti, a new genus and species of flashlight fish (Beryciformes: Anomalopidae) from the tropical South Pacific, with comments on anomalopid phylogeny SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID KRYPTOPHANARON-ALFREDI AB Protoblepharon rosenblatti is described from a single large specimen collected at 274 m off Rarotonga, Cook Islands. It differs from other anomalopids most notably in having a low number of gill rakers on the first arch (21 vs. 24 or more), high number of body scale rows (ca. 145 vs. 130 or fewer), no postorbital papillae, and a very small gap between the lacrimal and nasal for passage of the fibrocartilaginous stalk, which is twisted and not broadly exposed posteriorly. Protoblepharon is a primitive member of the lineage of flashlight fishes characterized by a shutter mechanism for light-organ occlusion. C1 AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM,DIV VERTEBRATE ZOOL,SYDNEY,NSW 2000,AUSTRALIA. RP Baldwin, CC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,MRC 159,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 6 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 3 BP 373 EP 383 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA YB827 UT WOS:A1997YB82700005 ER PT J AU Knapp, LW Imamura, H AF Knapp, LW Imamura, H TI Status of Platycephalus cantori Bleeker, 1879 (Teleostei: Platycephalidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Platycephalus cantori Bleeker, 1879, P. maculosus Peters, 1869 and P. bobbosok Bleeker, 1853 are here regarded as junior synonyms of P. carbunculus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833. Lectotypes are selected for P. cantori and P. maculosus. C1 TOHOKU NATL FISHERIES RES INST,HACHINOHE BRANCH,HACHINOHE,AOMORI 031,JAPAN. RP Knapp, LW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 3 BP 384 EP 387 PG 4 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA YB827 UT WOS:A1997YB82700006 ER PT J AU Heard, RW Manning, RB AF Heard, RW Manning, RB TI Austinixa, a new genus of pinnotherid crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura), with the description of A-hardyi, a new species from Tobago, West Indies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB The new genus Austinixa is recognized for Pinnixa cristata Rathbun and six other species formerly assigned to Pinnixa White, 1846. An eighth species, A. hardyi, new species, is described from Tobago, West Indies. Members of Austinixa can be distinguished from species of Pinnixa sensu stricto by the transverse ridge that completely crosses the posterior surface of the carapace, the strongly deflected fingers of the chelae, and the much longer, slenderer, and smoother third walking leg. Members of Austinixa often are associated with callianassid shrimps. Austinixa hardyi, new species, found associated with a member of the callianassid genus Callichirus Stimpson, 1866, is the only described species of Austinixa having dense patches of setae on the carapace of the male. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Heard, RW (reprint author), UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,INST MARINE SCI,OCEAN SPRINGS,MS 39566, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 3 BP 393 EP 398 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA YB827 UT WOS:A1997YB82700008 ER PT J AU Williams, AB AF Williams, AB TI Occurrence of three species of mud shrimps in aquaculture ponds on Caribbean coasts of Venezuela and Colombia, with a redescription of Upogebia omissago Williams, 1993 (Decapoda: Upogebiidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Three species of mud shrimps, Upogebia brasiliensis, U. omissa, and U. omissago, are reported from ponds maintained for the commercial culture of penaeid shrimps on the Caribbean coasts of Venezuela and Colombia, South America. Upogebia omissago is redescribed and illustrated based on sexually mature individuals collected from the ponds. Catalogued lots of each species collected are listed. RP Williams, AB (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV SYST LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 3 BP 412 EP 416 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA YB827 UT WOS:A1997YB82700010 ER PT J AU Kensley, B Heard, RW AF Kensley, B Heard, RW TI Tridentalla ornata (Richardson 1911), new combination: records of hosts and localities (Crustacea: Isopoda: Tridentellidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Tridentella williamsi Delaney, 1990, is shown to be a junior synonym of Aega ornata Richardson, 1911. As Tridentella ornata, the species is recorded from five different host fish species, from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. The presence of pleotelsonic pits is documented and briefly discussed. The distribution and host information of the 14 known species of Tridentella are provided. C1 GULF COAST RES LAB,INVERTEBRATE ZOOL SECT,OCEAN SPRINGS,MS 39564. RP Kensley, B (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 3 BP 422 EP 425 PG 4 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA YB827 UT WOS:A1997YB82700012 ER PT J AU Thiel, M AF Thiel, M TI Epibenthic predation in marine soft-bottoms: being small and how to get away with it SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st European Marine Biology Symposium on Interactions and Adaptation Strategies of Marine Organisms CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA DE extended parental care; soft-bottoms; predation; protection; recruitment; amphipoda ID NEREIS-DIVERSICOLOR MULLER,O.F.; BIVALVE MACOMA-BALTHICA; TIDAL FLATS; COMMUNITIES; SEDIMENT; BEHAVIOR; BURROWS; BIOLOGY AB In intertidal soft-bottoms, epibenthic predation is one of the most important post-recruitment processes. Small juveniles are particularly susceptible to predation, and they often settle in the high intertidal where predation pressure is relatively low. Growth conditions in the high intertidal are, however, only suboptimal compared to the low intertidal. Juvenile amphipods Leptocheirus pinguis usually remain in their mother's burrow for extended time periods growing to average sizes of 4-6 mm during this extended parental care. In laboratory experiments, more juvenile amphipods survived in controls than in predator additions. In the predator treatments, most adult amphipods survived while many juveniles disappeared. Medium-sized juveniles (6-10 mm size) that had already established their own burrows emigrated in large numbers from the predator treatments whereas most of the adult females remained as residents in these trays. Juvenile L. pinguis survived periods where they are most susceptible to epibenthic predation in the protected burrows of their mother. Extended parental care enables juvenile amphipods to recruit immediately into the adult habitat with a good survival chance. It is hypothesized that some small soft-bottom infauna find protection in the burrows of other infauna, medium-sized infauna is most likely to engage in escape reactions, whereas large infauna build their own, deep, burrows, safe from epibenthic predators. C1 Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. RP Thiel, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn, 5612 Old Dixie Highway, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT 3 PY 1997 VL 355 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1023/A:1003046632741 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YU860 UT WOS:000071763300003 ER PT J AU Meltzer, DJ Grayson, DK Ardila, G Barker, AW Dincauze, DF Haynes, CV Mena, F Nunez, L Stanford, DJ AF Meltzer, DJ Grayson, DK Ardila, G Barker, AW Dincauze, DF Haynes, CV Mena, F Nunez, L Stanford, DJ TI On the Pleistocene antiquity of Monte Verde, southern Chile SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID AMERICA AB The potential importance of the Monte Verde site for the peopling of the New World prompted a detailed examination of the collections from that locality as well as a site visit in January 1997 by a group of Paleoindian specialists. It is the consensus of that group that the MV-II occupation at the site is both archaeological and 12,500 years old, as T. Dillehay has argued. The status of the potentially even older material at the site (MV-I, similar to 33,000 B.P.) remains unresolved. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,BURKE MUSEUM,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ANTHROPOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV NACL COLOMBIA,DEPT ANTHROPOL,BOGOTA,COLOMBIA. DALLAS MUSEUM NAT HIST,DALLAS,TX 75315. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ANTHROPOL,AMHERST,MA 01003. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ANTHROPOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. MUSEO CHILENO ARTE PRECOLOMBINO,SANTIAGO,CHILE. UNIV CATOLICA NORTE,INST INVEST ARQUEOL,SAN PEDRO DE ATACAMA,CHILE. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NATL HIST,DEPT ANTHROPOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Meltzer, DJ (reprint author), SO METHODIST UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,DALLAS,TX 75275, USA. RI Barker, Alex W./L-6496-2014; OI Barker, Alex W./0000-0001-6255-0647; Meltzer, David/0000-0001-8084-9802 NR 17 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 62 IS 4 BP 659 EP 663 DI 10.2307/281884 PG 5 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA YD310 UT WOS:A1997YD31000006 ER PT J AU Stine, JK AF Stine, JK TI The new Niagara: Tourism, technology, and the landscape of Niagara Falls, 1776-1917 - Irwin,W SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP Stine, JK (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1237 EP 1238 DI 10.2307/2170776 PG 2 WC History SC History GA YB828 UT WOS:A1997YB82800156 ER PT J AU Pilgrim, DH AF Pilgrim, DH TI Making the planet a better place + The modern concept of universal design SO ARTNEWS LA English DT Article RP Pilgrim, DH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL DESIGN MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTNEWS ASSOCIATES PI NEW YORK PA 48 WEST 38TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10018 SN 0004-3273 J9 ART NEWS JI Artnews PD OCT PY 1997 VL 96 IS 9 BP 192 EP 192 PG 1 WC Art SC Art GA XY229 UT WOS:A1997XY22900082 ER PT J AU Craig, N Fruscione, A AF Craig, N Fruscione, A TI Optical identification of joint EUVE and ROSAT detections in the southern hemisphere: Soft active galactic nuclei SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET AB We report the optical identification of six sources detected in the same directions during the all-sky surveys conducted by the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite in the 58-174 Angstrom (0.071-0.214 keV) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) band and the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) in the 0.1-2.4 keV X-ray band. All the sources correspond to newly discovered active galactic nuclei (one quasi-stellar object, four Seyfert I galaxies, and one Seyfert Il galaxy) in the redshift range z = 0.071-0.382 and are the most likely counterparts of the ROSAT PSPC X-ray sources. In two cases the sources are also the most probable optical counterparts of the EUV detections while in the remaining cases further observations are needed to confirm the EUV identification. We discuss the EUV to soft X-ray properties of these ''soft'' active galactic nuclei. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,AXAF SCI CTR,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Craig, N (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR EUV ASTROPHYS,2150 KITTREDGE ST,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 114 IS 4 BP 1356 EP 1364 DI 10.1086/118569 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XX797 UT WOS:A1997XX79700008 ER PT J AU Walter, FM Vrba, FJ Wolk, SJ Mathieu, RD Neuhauser, R AF Walter, FM Vrba, FJ Wolk, SJ Mathieu, RD Neuhauser, R TI X-ray sources in regions of star formation .6. The R CrA association as viewed by Einstein SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID T-TAURI STARS; PHOTOMETRIC STANDARD STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LI-I LINES; DARK-CLOUD; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; CELESTIAL EQUATOR; DWARF STARS; TEMPERATURE; DISCOVERY AB We report an optical identifications of X-ray sources in the vicinity of the R CrA association. We identify 11 low-mass pre-main-sequence stars as counterparts of 9 X-ray sources. We also find X-ray emission from coordinates consistent with the position of 3 bright late-B stars, although the emission may come from lower mass companions. The X-ray-selected stars lie along a narrow locus in the luminosity-temperature diagram at an age of about 7 Myr, which is considerably older than the estimated ages of the higher mass stars or of the IR-excess stars. We determine the physical characteristics of these stars, including masses, ages, and Lithium abundances. We estimate that the complete membership of the R CrA association amounts to about 90 stars, mostly older naked T Tauri stars, and that the population is consistent with the standard IMF. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK, DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. USN OBSERV, FLAGSTAFF, AZ 86002 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT ASTRON, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, D-85740 GARCHING, GERMANY. OI Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261 NR 60 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 114 IS 4 BP 1544 EP 1554 DI 10.1086/118584 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XX797 UT WOS:A1997XX79700023 ER PT J AU Huttemeister, S Mauersberger, R Henkel, C AF Huttemeister, S Mauersberger, R Henkel, C TI Dense gas in nearby galaxies .10. H2CO and CH3OH: molecular abundances and physical conditions SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM: molecules; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: nuclei; galaxies: starburst; radio lines: galaxies ID LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; FORMALDEHYDE ABSORPTION; EXTERNAL GALAXIES; CENTAURUS-A; DARK CLOUDS; MM-WAVE; METHANOL; KINEMATICS; EMISSION; NUCLEUS AB Multilevel observations of formaldehyde (H2CO) and methanol (CH3OH) toward the nearby spiral galaxies NGC 253, Maffei 2, IC342, M 82 and NGC 6946 are presented. H2CO was detected in all galaxies (tentatively in NGC 6946). CH3OH was detected in all objects with the notable exception of M 82. H2CO line intensity ratios point out differences in gas density both between galaxies and within the central regions of individual objects. Model calculations show that the bulk of the gas emitting H2CO in NGC 253 is at a density of similar to 10(4) cm(-3), while the H2CO lines in M 82 and IC 342 trace two different, spatially separated gas components with densities of less than or equal to 10(4) cm(-3) and similar to 10(6) cm(-3) The south-western molecular hotspot in M 82 and the center of IC 342 are the regions with the highest density. Methanol is subthermally excited in all galaxies, with the lowest excitation temperatures found in IC 342. The CH3OH abundance in NGC 253 and the non-starburst nuclei of IC 342 and Maffei 2 are comparable. A map of the 3(k) - 2(k), lines in NGC 253 shows that CH3OH traces clumpy structures better than other molecules requiring high gas density to be excited. CH3OH toward M 82 is at least an order of magnitude less abundant than in otherwise comparable galaxies. This confirms the existence of global chemical differences, and thus very large scale variations in the state of the molecular gas phase, even between galaxies commonly classified as starburst nuclei. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. MAX PLANCK INST RADIOASTRON, D-53121 BONN, GERMANY. UNIV ARIZONA, STEWARD OBSERV, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. RP Huttemeister, S (reprint author), UNIV BONN, INST RADIOASTRON, HUGEL 71, D-53121 BONN, GERMANY. NR 59 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 326 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XZ849 UT WOS:A1997XZ84900011 ER PT J AU Saar, SH Huovelin, J Osten, RA Shcherbakov, AG AF Saar, SH Huovelin, J Osten, RA Shcherbakov, AG TI He I D3 absorption and its relation to rotation and activity in G and K dwarfs SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: activity; stars: chromospheres; stars: coronae; stars: late-type ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; X-RAY-EMISSION; COOL STARS; CHROMOSPHERIC LINES; FLARE STARS; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; RS CVN; DRACONIS VARIABLES; F-STARS AB We have obtained high resolution, high S/N spectra of the He I D3 line (5876 Angstrom) for 53 stars. Combining these data with previous measurements, we investigate correlations between the flux absorbed by D3, F-D3, rotation and other stellar activity indicators for a set of 76 G and K dwarfs. We find that F-D3 proportional to P-rot(-1.2) for P-rot greater than or equal to 4 days. For P-rot < 4 days, F-D3 behaviour depends on spectral type, either remaining roughly constant (G stars), decreasing (K stars), or even going into emission (a few late K stars). We study correlations between D3 and chromospheric (Ca II HK), transition region (C IV 1550 Angstrom) and coronal emission, and find, for P-rot > 4 days, F-D3 proportional to Delta F-HK(1.5), F-D3 proportional to F-CIV(0.7), and F-D3 proportional to F-X(0.6), respectively. Thus, D3 has a response intermediate between Ca II HK and C TV in low to moderate activity stars, consistent with its formation in the upper chromosphere. Our data suggest that the maximum flux absorbed by D3 is F-D3 proportional to T-eff(9.3) approximate to 2 x 10(5) erg cm(-2)s(-1) in G stars (equivalent widths W-lambda less than or equal to 80 m Angstrom), and about 40% of that value (or W-lambda less than or equal to 50 m Angstrom) in K stars, less than predicted by current theoretical models. We discuss the implications of our results for stellar activity and He I line formation, and suggest future avenues of study. C1 UNIV HELSINKI, OBSERV & ASTROPHYS LAB, FIN-00014 HELSINKI, FINLAND. UNIV COLORADO, CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, CRIMEAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, UA-334413 NAUCHNYI, UKRAINE. RP Saar, SH (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, MS 58, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 83 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 326 IS 2 BP 741 EP 750 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB994 UT WOS:A1997YB99400033 ER PT J AU Bitran, M Alvarez, H Bronfman, L May, J Thaddeus, P AF Bitran, M Alvarez, H Bronfman, L May, J Thaddeus, P TI A large scale CO survey of the Galactic center region SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE surveys; ISM, molecules; Galaxy, center; radio lines, ISM ID SOUTHERN MILKY-WAY; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; GAS-DISTRIBUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ABSORPTION; EMISSION; GALAXY; PLANE AB We present the data from a CO(J = 1 --> 0) survey of the central region of our Galaxy. The observations were obtained with the 1.2-m Southern Millimeter-wave Telescope at Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory, Chile. This instrument has a full beam-width at half maximum (FWHM) of 8.8' at 115 GHz, the frequency of the observed transition. The survey covers a strip 4 degrees wide in latitude along the galactic equator in the range -12 degrees less than or equal to iota less than or equal to +13 degrees. The spatial sampling interval was 7.5' (0.85 beam-widths) for \b\ less than or equal to 1 degrees, and 15' (1.7 beam-widths) for 1 degrees < \b\ less than or equal to 2 degrees. The velocity coverage allowed by the filterbank was of 333 km s(-1) with a resolution of 1.3 km s(-1) at 115 GHz. For the central few degrees (-4.5 degrees < iota less than or equal to 5 degrees) where this velocity span was not wide enough, two spectra, taken with different velocities with respect to the local standard of rest (VLSR), were combined in order to cover the full range of the galactic center CO emission. The antenna temperature noise level of the spectra was less than or equal to 0.10 K (rms). The data are presented in a latitude-longitude spatial map and in sets of longitude-velocity and latitude-velocity diagrams. This survey combines the characteristics of being very sensitive and well sampled, and of having one of the widest and more homogeneous spatial coverage of the region within similar to 2 kpc from the galactic center. C1 UNIV CHILE,DEPT ASTRON,SANTIAGO,CHILE. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RI Bronfman, Leonardo/H-9544-2013 OI Bronfman, Leonardo/0000-0002-9574-8454 NR 23 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 125 IS 1 BP 99 EP 138 PG 40 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XZ518 UT WOS:A1997XZ51800006 ER PT J AU Remy, GP Grenier, IA Duvert, G Thaddeus, P AF Remy, GP Grenier, IA Duvert, G Thaddeus, P TI The Cepheus molecular cloud .1. Multi-transition observations in CO and (CO)-C-13 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE ISM, Cepheus cloud; ISM, abundances; ISM, clouds; ISM, molecules; radio lines, ISM ID ROTATIONAL-EXCITATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SOLAR CIRCLE; EMISSION; FLARE; DUST; GAS AB The eastern cloud of the nearby Cepheus complex, located at 111 degrees 0) transition at a resolution of 0.8 pc with the CfA 1.2 m telescope. This massive, but fairly diffuse cloud, with visual extinction < 2 mag, has also been sampled in the J = 1 --> 0 and 2-->1 rotational transitions of CO and (CO)-C-13 at the same resolution, using the CfA and POM-2 millimeter telescopes. The radiative transfer of the lines has been treated in the LTE and LVG approximations, the two yielding comparable results. In CO, low excitation temperatures have been found in the range of 5 - 11 K, with moderate optical depths (tau < 3) and CO column-densities up to 4 10(16) cm(-2). In (CO)-C-13, the gas is optically thin with slightly lower excitation temperatures of 4 - 8 K, for (CO)-C-13 column-densities up to 6 10(15) cm(-2). Under these conditions, the observed ratios of 2 --> 1 over 1 --> 0 velocity-integrated intensities, W2-->1/W1-->0, have been found to be consistent with a uniform value over the cloud of 0.88 +/- 0.09 in CO and 0.60 +/- 0.07 in (CO)-C-13, as typical of many clouds. The ratios of CO over (CO)-C-13 velocity-integrated intensities, W((CO)-C-12)/W((CO)-C-13), have been found to decrease with (CO)-C-13 intensity as expected from the progressive saturation of the CO lines. The large scatter about this relation, observed at scales of 0.8 and 0.2 pc, cannot be accounted for by instrumental error, beam dilution, or the dispersion of excitation temperatures and line widths measured in the cloud. The W((CO)-C-12)/W((CO)-C-13) fluctuations are therefore indicative of intrinsic variations in the molecular abundances. In particular, very low W((CO)-C-12)/W((CO)-C-13) ratios may result from efficient isotopic fractionation in this cold environment. Similar variations in (CO)-C-13 intensity have been reported at a scale of 0.2 pc in two other dark clouds, HCL 2 (Cernicharo & Guelin 1987) and IC 5146 (Lada et al. 1994), from the behaviour of their W((CO)-C-12)/W((CO)-C-13) or W((CO)-C-13)/A(V) ratios with visual extinction. Together with the present results, they suggest that the (CO)-C-13 abundance integrated along the line of sight largely varies inside the diffuse envelopes of molecular clouds. C1 UNIV PARIS 07, OBSERV PARIS, EUROPA, MEUDON, FRANCE. UNIV CERGY PONTOISE, CERGY, FRANCE. OBSERV GRENOBLE, ST MARTIN DHERES, FRANCE. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 125 IS 2 BP 303 EP 312 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB390 UT WOS:A1997YB39000008 ER PT J AU Catanese, M Bradbury, SM Breslin, AC Buckley, JH CarterLewis, DA Cawley, MF Dermer, CD Fegan, DJ Finley, JP Gaidos, JA Hillas, AM Johnson, WN Krennrich, F Lamb, RC Lessard, RW Macomb, DJ McEnery, JE Moriarty, P Quinn, J Rodgers, AJ Rose, HJ Samuelson, FW Sembroski, GH Srinivasan, R Weekes, TC Zweerink, J AF Catanese, M Bradbury, SM Breslin, AC Buckley, JH CarterLewis, DA Cawley, MF Dermer, CD Fegan, DJ Finley, JP Gaidos, JA Hillas, AM Johnson, WN Krennrich, F Lamb, RC Lessard, RW Macomb, DJ McEnery, JE Moriarty, P Quinn, J Rodgers, AJ Rose, HJ Samuelson, FW Sembroski, GH Srinivasan, R Weekes, TC Zweerink, J TI Multiwavelength observations of a flare from Markarian 501 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects, individual (Markarian 501); gamma rays, observations ID BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; GAMMA-RAYS; SPECTRA; BLAZARS; RADIATION; TELESCOPE; GALAXIES; JET AB We present multiwavelength observations of the BL Lacertae object Markarian 501 (Mrk 501) in 1997 between April 8 and April 19. Evidence of correlated variability is seen in very high energy (VHE; E greater than or similar to 350 GeV) gamma-ray observations taken with the Whipple Observatory gamma-ray telescope, data from the Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, and quick-look results from the All-Sky Monitor of the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer, while EGRET did not detect Mrk 501. Short-term optical correlations are not conclusive, but the U-band flux observed with the 1.2 m telescope of the Whipple Observatory was 10% higher than in March. The average energy output of Mrk 501 appears to peak in the 2-100 keV range, which suggests an extension of the synchrotron emission to at least 100 keV, the highest observed in a blazar and similar to 100 times higher than that seen in the other TeV-emitting BL Lac object, Mrk 421. The VHE gamma-ray flux observed during this period is the highest ever detected from this object. The VHE gamma-ray energy output is somewhat lower than the 2-100 keV range, but the variability amplitude is larger. The correlations seen here do not require relativistic beaming of the emission unless the VHE spectrum extends to greater than or similar to 5 TeV. C1 UNIV LEEDS,DEPT PHYS,LEEDS LS2 9JT,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. NATL UNIV IRELAND UNIV COLL DUBLIN,EXPT PHYS DEPT,DUBLIN 4,IRELAND. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,FRED LAWRENCE WHIPPLE OBSERV,AMADO,AZ 85645. ST PATRICKS COLL,DEPT PHYS,MAYNOOTH,KILDARE,IRELAND. USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. CALTECH,SPACE RADIAT LAB,PASADENA,CA 91125. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. REG TECH COLL,DEPT PHYS SCI,GALWAY,IRELAND. RP Catanese, M (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 47 TC 161 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 487 IS 2 BP L143 EP L146 DI 10.1086/310899 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YA042 UT WOS:A1997YA04200010 ER PT J AU Michalitsianos, AG Falco, EE Munoz, JA Kazanas, D AF Michalitsianos, AG Falco, EE Munoz, JA Kazanas, D TI The detection of the lambda 2175 feature and further analysis of the broad absorption line profile structure in the gravitational lens candidate UM 425 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; gravitational lensing; quasars, individual (UM 425) ID QUASARS AB We obtained Multiple Mirror Telescope spectra of the gravitational lens candidate UM 425 to compare the redshifts and line profile structures of lens components A and B, which are separated by approximately 6 ''.5. The C IV lambda 1550 emission in both A and B exhibits broad absorption Line (BAL) structure, consistent with the earlier detection of BAL structure in O VI lambda 1033 and N V lambda 1240 that was found with the International Ultraviolet Explorer in component A. Cross-correlation of the spectra of A and B using emission lines of C IV lambda 1550, He II lambda 1640, N III lambda 1750, C III] lambda 1909, and Mg II lambda 2800 reveals a difference in the redshifts of A and B. However, the detailed BAL profile structure found in the spectra of A and B are strikingly similar to one another, which suggests the system is lensed. The spectra of A and B also indicate significant dust extinction, which we base on the presence of the lambda 2175 absorption feature in the rest frame of the QSO (z(QSO) = 1.47). This feature is commonly seen in galactic sources but is not generally observed in QSO spectra. Our spectra show the presence of the lambda 2175 absorption feature in spectra of both images associated with the gravitational lens UM 425. Based upon the strong similarity of BAL profile structure exhibited by UM 425A and UM 425B, particularly the presence of the lambda 2175 dust absorption feature in spectra of both images, we conclude that UM 425 is a gravitational lens. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, HIGH ENERGY PHYS LAB, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RP NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB, CODE 680, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 487 IS 2 BP L117 EP L120 DI 10.1086/310903 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YA042 UT WOS:A1997YA04200004 ER PT J AU Olson, SL AF Olson, SL TI In memoriam: Beatrice Wetmore, 1910-1997 SO AUK LA English DT Item About an Individual RP Olson, SL (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 1997 VL 114 IS 4 BP 751 EP 753 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA YA451 UT WOS:A1997YA45100022 ER PT J AU Acevedo-Rodriguez, P AF Acevedo-Rodriguez, P TI Two new species of Serjania section Serjania (Sapindaceae) SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE Sapindaceae; Serjania; Bolivia; Mexico AB Two new species of Serjania sect. Serjania, Serjania neei from Bolivia and S. rhytidococca from Mexico, are described, illustrated, and compared with their closest relatives. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Acevedo-Rodriguez, P (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, MRC-166, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 49 IS 4 BP 498 EP 502 DI 10.2307/2807740 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YQ474 UT WOS:000071391400012 ER PT J AU King, DA Leigh, EG Condit, R Foster, RB Hubbell, SP AF King, DA Leigh, EG Condit, R Foster, RB Hubbell, SP TI Relationships between branch spacing, growth rate and light in tropical forest saplings SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE internode length; tree architecture; tropical tree ID NEOTROPICAL FOREST; TREE; MORPHOLOGY AB 1. The spacing of branches along central stems was related to growth rate and light level in forest saplings and trees in tropical moist forest on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. The study included 14 species with tiers of plagiotropic branches (having planar leaf arrangements) and four species with continuous distributions of plagiotropic branches. 2. All species showed increases in branch spacing with increasing light and growth rate of diameter, similar to the patterns in leaf spacing noted previously in species which initially bear large leaves on unbranched stems. 3. Non-tiered species had shorter internodes than tiered species but because the latter bear more branches per node, both,groups had similar numbers of branches per unit stem length, when compared at similar growth rates. 4. Differences in the relationship between internode length and growth rate among tiered species were related to demographic characteristics, suggesting that tree architecture may influence forest composition. 5. The strong correlation observed between branch spacing and growth rate suggests that branch spacing may be used to estimate past growth histories of forest tree species with plagiotropic branches. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BOX 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. FIELD MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT,CHICAGO,IL 60605. PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 11 IS 5 BP 627 EP 635 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00138.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YD808 UT WOS:A1997YD80800012 ER PT J AU Neufeld, MJ AF Neufeld, MJ TI Hitler's enforcers: The Gestapo and the SS-Security-Service in the Nazi revolution SO GERMAN STUDIES REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Neufeld, MJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARIZ STATE UNIV PI TEMPE PA WEST ASSN GERMAN STUD, TEMPE, AZ 85287-4205 USA SN 0149-7952 J9 GER STUD REV JI Ger. Stud. Rev. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3 BP 473 EP 474 DI 10.2307/1431398 PG 2 WC Area Studies; Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Area Studies; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA YU377 UT WOS:000071711000044 ER PT J AU Newburg, DS Warren, CD Chaturvedi, P Ye, S Newburg, AR Tilden, C Oftedal, OT AF Newburg, DS Warren, CD Chaturvedi, P Ye, S Newburg, AR Tilden, C Oftedal, OT TI Milk oligosaccharide profiles of humans and other mammals SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER CTR MENTAL RETARDAT INC,WALTHAM,MA 02254. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02114. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 7 IS 7 BP 98 EP 98 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YA478 UT WOS:A1997YA47800114 ER PT J AU Spahr, TB Hergenrother, CW Larson, SM Hicks, M Marsden, BG Williams, GV Tholen, DJ Whiteley, RJ Osip, DJ AF Spahr, TB Hergenrother, CW Larson, SM Hicks, M Marsden, BG Williams, GV Tholen, DJ Whiteley, RJ Osip, DJ TI The discovery and physical characteristics of 1998 JA(1) SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID EARTH-APPROACHING ASTEROIDS; METEORITES AB 1996 JA(1), which approached to 0.003 AU of the Earth on 1996 May 19.7 UT, was discovered on films exposed 5 days earlier during the course of the high-ecliptic-latitude Bigelow Sky Survey. The utility of high-latitude surveying for near-Earth objects is demonstrated by the fact that 1996 JA(1) traveled through the usual ecliptic survey region at a rate of 5 degrees hr(-1), and would likely have escaped detection even at V = 11. Rapid astrometry and communication through the Minor Planet Center and the World Wide Web facilitated follow-up observations that indicate 1996 JA(1) has a mean diameter of 170 m, a rotational period of 5.23 hr, and an albedo of 0.30, With a spectrum consistent with the V class, it is possible that 1996 JA(1) shares the same source as the HED meteorites. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV HAWAII,INST ASTRON,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV ARIZONA,LUNAR & PLANETARY LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP Spahr, TB (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ASTRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD OCT PY 1997 VL 129 IS 2 BP 415 EP 420 DI 10.1006/icar.1997.5791 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YG943 UT WOS:A1997YG94300011 ER PT J AU Oswald, AL AF Oswald, AL TI National Museum of American History, Archives Center, Smithsonian Institution Computer Oral History Collection, 1969-1973, 1977 SO IEEE ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material RP Oswald, AL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,ARCHIVES CTR,NMAH,ROOM C340,MRC 601,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 1058-6180 J9 IEEE ANN HIST COMPUT JI IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 70 EP 71 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science GA YB685 UT WOS:A1997YB68500016 ER PT J AU Forrey, RC AF Forrey, RC TI Computing the hypergeometric function SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The hypergeometric function of a real variable is computed for arbitrary real parameters. The transformation theory of the hypergeometric function is used to obtain rapidly convergent power series. The divergences that occur in the individual terms of the transformation for integer parameters are removed using a finite difference technique. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Forrey, RC (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 9 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 137 IS 1 BP 79 EP 100 DI 10.1006/jcph.1997.5794 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA YF667 UT WOS:A1997YF66700003 ER PT J AU Zotz, G Patino, S Tyree, MT AF Zotz, G Patino, S Tyree, MT TI Water relations and hydraulic architecture of woody hemiepiphytes SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE hemiepiphytes; water relations; hydraulic architecture; aerial roots; CAM ID HERBACEOUS PLANTS; GROWTH FORM; MASS-FLOW; TREE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CLUSIA; FICUS; FOREST; PANAMA; EPIPHYTE AB Several parameters related to the water relations of eight woody hemiepiphytes with different photosynthetic pathways were studied in situ and in the laboratory on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, As a group, woody hemiepiphytes tended to have less conductive stems per unit leaf area (lower k(L)) and invested less wood cross-section per unit leaf area compared to free-standing trees, while their specific conductivity (K-s)was significantly higher. Among hemiepiphytes, significant differences between C-3 and (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) species in respect to leaf characteristics, transpiration rates, diel patterns of water flow through aerial roots, and in hydraulic architecture parameters. Average transpiration rates of the two Clusia species (C-3-CAM) were lower by about an order of magnitude compared to the C, species, In an C, species, sap flow through aerial roots (F) closely followed transpiration (E), whereas E and F were decoupled in time in the C-3-CAM species Clusia uvitana: considerable long-distance water flow occurred at night. The hydraulic efficiency of the other C-3-CAM species, C. minor, was the lowest of the five species investigated. C1 UNIV VERMONT, DEPT BOT, BURLINGTON, VT 05405 USA. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, BALBOA, PANAMA. US FOREST SERV, USDA, BURLINGTON, VT 05405 USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 48 IS 315 BP 1825 EP 1833 DI 10.1093/jexbot/48.315.1825 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YE882 UT WOS:A1997YE88200008 ER PT J AU Faust, MA AF Faust, MA TI Three new benthic species of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) from Belize: P-norrisianum sp. nov., P-tropicalis sp. nov., and P-reticulatum sp. nov. SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Belize; Central America; benthic dinoflagellates Dinophyceae; detritus; morphology Prorocentrales; Prorocentrum norrisianum sp. nov., Prorocentrum marginatum sp. nov., Prorocentrum reticulatum sp. nov.; scanning electron microscopy; taxonomy ID TWIN-CAYS; MANGROVE ISLAND; PYRROPHYTA AB Three new benthic, photosynthetic dinoflagellate species, Prorocentrum norrisianum, Prorocentrum tropicalis, and Prorocentrum reticulatum, from floating detritus and coral rubble of Central America are described from scanning electron micrographs. Species were identified based on shape, size, surface micromorphology, thecal plate ornamentation, and architecture of the periflagellar area and intercalary band. Cells of P. norrisianum are ovate with a cell size of 20-25 mu m long and 13-16 mu m wide. The theca is delicate, its surface smooth, pores species specific with 95 to 105 pores per valve. Pores are round with a diameter of about 0.1 mu m. The periflagellar area is V-shaped, located on the right valve in a shallow depression. It has no ornamentation. flagellar and auxiliary pores are unequal in size. The intercalary band is smooth. Prorocentrum tropicalis cells are ovoid, 50-55 mu m long and 40-45 mu m wide in valve view with maximum width behind the middle region, narrow at the anterior md. The periflagellar area, situated in the right valve, is a V-shaped wide triangle with a deeply indented depression; the left valve exhibits a flat ridge. The periflagellar area is unornamented, and the flagellar and auxiliary pores are unequal in size. The valve surface is rugose with evenly distributed valve poroids. Each poroid appears to have a small dome in the center The intercalary band is rimlike around the cell margin, granulated, and horizontally striated. Prorocentrum reticulatum cells are oblong in value view cells are 55-60 mu m long and 40-45 mu m wide. Thecal surface is reticulated; it is composed of a labyrinth of ridges with alternating depressions that vary in size and shape. Each depression has a narrow, oblong-kidney-shaped opening about 0.6 mu m long. The periflagellar area is a deep V-shaped triangle. The light value of P. reticulatum is excavated, and contains a large flagellar pore and a smaller auxiliary pore surrounded by a narrow apical collar The left valve margin exhibits a curved flat ridge. The intercalary band is smooth. RP Faust, MA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT,4201 SILVER HILL RD,SUITLAND,MD 20746, USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 3 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 5 BP 851 EP 858 DI 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00851.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YE659 UT WOS:A1997YE65900019 ER PT J AU Piper, WH Paruk, JD Evers, DC Meyer, MW Tischler, KB Klich, M Hartigan, JJ AF Piper, WH Paruk, JD Evers, DC Meyer, MW Tischler, KB Klich, M Hartigan, JJ TI Local movements of color-marked common loons SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE behavior; census; common loon; dispersal; ecology; Gavia immer; Michigan; philopatry; territoriality; Wisconsin ID POPULATIONS AB We studied movement of color-marked common loons (Gavia immer) among small lakes (4-349 ha) in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to determine the frequency, timing, and ileocaecal causes of multiple-lake usage. Most instances of multiple-lake usage fell into 1 of 5 categories: (1) territorial defense of 2 or more lakes by a breeding pair, (2) post-reproductive wandering, (3) territorial shifts prior to breeding, (4) dispersal of displaced breeders, or (5) long-distance movements by young birds. Overall, distances moved by adult loons between lakes were shorter than expected. The frequency of such movements might indicate reconnaissance for new territories, consistent with the frequent territorial takeover observed in this species. Regular use by loons of small clusters of lakes suggests that a management strategy that preserves only small, isolated breeding lakes might be inadequate to sustain nesting pairs and also might hamper natural dispersal between lakes. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Genet Mol Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, N Cent Dist Off, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. RP Piper, WH (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Biol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1253 EP 1261 DI 10.2307/3802124 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA YU626 UT WOS:000071737200029 ER PT J AU Brown, JL AF Brown, JL TI Fecal steroid profiles in black-footed ferrets exposed to natural photoperiod SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black-footed ferret; estrous cycle; gonadal activity; hormones; Mustela nigripes; ovary; pregnancy; pseudopregnancy; reproduction; seasonality; testis ID MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; CAPTIVE WOLVERINES; HORMONE; BIOLOGY; CYCLE; PSEUDOPREGNANCY; TESTOSTERONE; EVERSMANNI; PREGNANCY AB We monitored seasonal ovarian and testicular activity in adult, captive black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) using non-invasive fecal steroid metabolite analyses. In females, radioimmunoassay of liquid chromatography-separated fecal extracts revealed that estrogen immunoactivity coincided with unconjugated estradiol-17 beta. whereas progestogen immunoactivity corresponded with a single conjugated and several unconjugated steroid forms, only 8% of which co-eluted with progesterone. In males, androgen immunoactivity was associated with several unconjugated; metabolites, similar to 7% of which co-eluted with testosterone. We collected fecal samples 3 times per week front 5 female and 6 male black-footed ferrets for 18 consecutive months for longitudinal assessment of gonadal activity. Assessment of 7 pregnancies and 9 pseudopregnancies revealed no differences in temporal or quantitative fecal estradiol and progestogen metabolite excretion between these 2 reproductive states. We found elevated concentrations of fecal estradiol were associated with mating activity and an increase in the percentage of superficial cornified epithelial cells in vaginal lavages. Fecal progestogen concentrations increased about 1 week after breeding, peaked at midterm and then declined to baseline at parturition, Males exhibited seasonal fluctuations in fecal androgen excretion with increased concentrations observed similar to 2 months before females entered estrus. Our results indicate that fecal steroid analyses can be used effectively to evaluate gonadal function in the black-footed ferret and might prove valuable for aiding captive breeding strategies to improve species conservation. C1 Natl Zool Pk, Conservat Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Brown, JL (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Conservat Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1428 EP 1436 DI 10.2307/3802147 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA YU626 UT WOS:000071737200052 ER PT J AU Riley, SM AF Riley, SM TI The drowner - Drewe,R SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Riley, SM (reprint author), SMITHSONION INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 16 BP 120 EP 120 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA XZ054 UT WOS:A1997XZ05400241 ER PT J AU Gwinn, NE AF Gwinn, NE TI From grunts to gigabytes: Communications and society - Lacy,D SO LIBRARY QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review RP Gwinn, NE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0024-2519 J9 LIBR QUART JI Libr. Q. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 67 IS 4 BP 399 EP 402 PG 4 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA YC833 UT WOS:A1997YC83300008 ER PT J AU Laerm, J Wenzel, F Craddock, JE Weinand, D McGurk, J Harris, MJ Early, GA Mead, JG Potter, CW Barros, NB AF Laerm, J Wenzel, F Craddock, JE Weinand, D McGurk, J Harris, MJ Early, GA Mead, JG Potter, CW Barros, NB TI New prey species for northwestern Atlantic humpback whales SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; BALEEN WHALES; WATERS; GULF; MAINE C1 NORTHEASTERN UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02115. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT BIOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. VIRGINIA MARINE SCI MUSEUM,VIRGINIA BEACH,VA 23451. GEORGIA DEPT NAT RESOURCES,BRUNSWICK,GA 31523. NEW ENGLAND AQUARIUM,BOSTON,MA 02110. SMITHSONIAN INST,MARINE MAMMAL PROGRAM,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. HUBBS SEA WORLD RES INST,ORLANDO,FL 32869. RP Laerm, J (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,NAT HIST MUSEUM,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 4 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 13 IS 4 BP 705 EP 711 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1997.tb00094.x PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA YA660 UT WOS:A1997YA66000012 ER PT J AU Geller, JB Walton, ED Grosholz, ED Ruiz, GM AF Geller, JB Walton, ED Grosholz, ED Ruiz, GM TI Cryptic invasions of the crab Carcinus detected by molecular phylogeography SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; Carcinus maenas; Carcinus aestuarii; phylogeography; mitochondrial DNA; sibling species ID MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MARINE ORGANISMS; PACIFIC COAST; MAENAS; DISPERSAL; MUSSELS; IMPACT AB Coastal marine ecosystems world-wide are threatened by invasions of nonindigenous species. The ubiquity of marine sibling species identifiable only by genetic analysis suggests that many invasions are cryptic and therefore undetected, causing an underestimation of the actual number and impacts of invading species. We test this hypothesis with European crabs in the genus Carcinus that have invaded five regions globally. Partial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences confirm sibling species status of morphologically similar Atlantic C. maenas and Mediterranean C. aestuarii. Based on 16S rRNA haplotypes, crabs from California, New England and Tasmania were all C. maenas. However, we report the cryptic multiple invasion of both species in Japan and South Africa, where only C. aestuarii and C. maenas, respectively, were previously recognized. C1 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT ZOOL,DURHAM,NH 03824. SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. RP Geller, JB (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL SCI,WILMINGTON,NC 28403, USA. OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X NR 34 TC 120 Z9 126 U1 4 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 6 IS 10 BP 901 EP 906 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00256.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA YB673 UT WOS:A1997YB67300001 PM 9348700 ER PT J AU Seutin, G Bermingham, E AF Seutin, G Bermingham, E TI Rhodinocichla rosea is an emberizid (Aves; passeriformes) based on mitochondrial DNA analyses SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; GENE-SEQUENCES; 2.8 ANGSTROM; B GENE; SUBSTITUTIONS; VERTEBRATES; PHYLOGENIES; RELIABILITY; DIVERGENCE AB The systematic position of the avian species Rhodinocichla rosea is unclear. Recent opinions are that it is either a mockingbird (family Mimidae) or a tanager (Thraupinae; Emberizidae). In either case, it would be an atypical member of the family We sequenced approximately 600 bases of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of Rhodinocichla, several mimids, tanagers, and other passerines. me used maximum likelihood (ML), distance and parsimony approaches to analyze the sequences and concluded that Rhodinocichla belongs to the family Emberizidae. Phenotypic characteristics that suggested its relationship with mimids are the product of convergent evolution. The precise relationships of Rhodinocichla within the Emberizidae could not be resolved. Short internal branches in ML and distance trees suggested, as did earlier genetic studies, that the radiation of that family was explosive. Apparently, the extent of the tanagers as a higher taxon needs to be clarified. Our analysis of the evolutionary dynamics of avian COI suggested that its usefulness for phylogenetic studies is limited because silent positions saturate rapidly and replacement substitutions are rare. Thus, our data indicate that COI nucleotide data will be most useful in intraspecific investigations, while other data suggested its usefulness at the interordinal level. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 8 IS 2 BP 260 EP 274 DI 10.1006/mpev.1997.0426 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XW554 UT WOS:A1997XW55400013 PM 9299230 ER PT J AU Hoffert, KA Anderson, GB Wildt, DE Roth, TL AF Hoffert, KA Anderson, GB Wildt, DE Roth, TL TI Transition from maternal to embryonic control of development in IVM/IVF domestic cat embryos SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE genome activation; transcription; alpha-amanitin; H-3-uridine; in vitro developmental block ID IN-VITRO; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; MOUSE EMBRYOS; FOLLICULAR OOCYTES; CO-CULTURE; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; GAMETE INTERACTION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; BOVINE EMBRYOS; ALPHA-AMANITIN AB The timing of the transition from maternal to zygotic control of development (MZT) and the initiation of transcription was studied in domestic cat embryos to determine if there is a temporal association between these phenomena and the develop mental block observed in cat embryos fertilized in vitro. Embryos were derived from in vitro-matured, in vitro-fertilized (IVM/1VF) oocytes. In Experiment 1, embryos (n = 52) were cultured continuously in the presence of 10 mu g/ml alpha-amanitin (a transcriptional inhibitor) from 12-hr postinsemination (hpi), and cleavage stage was evaluated every 24 hr. The proportion of embryos cleaving to at least the 5-8-cell stage in the presence of a-amanitin (32/52) was similar (P > 0.05) to that of controls cultured without alpha-amanitin (25/50). In contrast, only 7.7% of alpha-amanitin-treated embryos cleaved to the 9-16-cell stage, compared with 38.0% of the controls (P < 0.05), indicating that products of embryonic transcription were required for cleavage beyond the 5-8-cell stage. In Experiment 2, embryos were cultured in the presence of 20 mu M H-3-uridine for 12 hr beginning at 24, 36, 48, or 60 hpi and subjected to autoradiography. Embryos of 5-8-cell and 9-16-cell stages (14 of 27 and 8 of 12, respectively) clearly demonstrated nuclear labeling, a finding also confirmed by computer-aided densitometry. It is concluded that embryonic transcription and the MZT occur by the 5-8-cell stage of IVM/1VF domestic cat embryo development and the MZT is not directly related to the partial morula-to-blastocyst developmental block observed in cultured IVF cat embryos. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,NATL ZOOL PK,FRONT ROYAL,VA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD23853] NR 50 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 48 IS 2 BP 208 EP 215 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199710)48:2<208::AID-MRD8>3.0.CO;2-W PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA XV578 UT WOS:A1997XV57800008 PM 9291470 ER PT J AU Brandt, WN Fabian, AC Takahashi, K Fujimoto, R Yamashita, A Inoue, H Ogasaka, Y AF Brandt, WN Fabian, AC Takahashi, K Fujimoto, R Yamashita, A Inoue, H Ogasaka, Y TI ASCA spectroscopy of IRAS 23060+0505: penetrating the torus of a type 2 quasar with X-rays SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies, individual, IRAS 23060 + 0505; galaxies, Seyfert; X-rays, galaxies ID GALAXY AB We report on a pointed ASCA observation of the powerful (L-bol approximate to 1.3 x 10(46) erg s(-1)) type 2 infrared luminous galaxy IRAS 23060 + 0505. This galaxy has been the subject of detailed spectroscopic and spectropolarimetric studies which have revealed a hidden broad-line region and have been used to construct a detailed model of the light paths in this source. Our observation detects IRAS 23060 + 0505 in the X-ray band for the first time and complements the optical and infrared studies. We detect hard X-ray emission that can be modelled as a power law with a 2-10 keV luminosity of 1.5 x 10(44) erg 2-1, thereby verifying the existence of an accreting supermassive black hole in IRAS 23060 + 0505. The obscuring torus of IRAS 23060 + 0505 appears to be Compton thin along our line of sight, and we measure a column to the nuclear X-ray source of about 8 x 10(22) cm(-2). Comparison of the X-ray column with the A(V) = 30 +/- 4 mag extinction measurement by Young et al. suggests that the torus may have a dust-to-gas ratio rather similar to that in the interstellar medium of the Milky Way. We also find some evidence for iron K-line emission. The apparent X-ray to bolometric luminosity ratio for IRAS 23060 + 0505 is less than or similar to 1 per cent, a rather low value, and we consider possible explanations for this low ratio. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,INST ASTRON,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA,ENGLAND. INST SPACE & ASTRONAUT SCI,SAGAMIHARA,KANAGAWA 229,JAPAN. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RI Brandt, William/N-2844-2015 OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453 NR 29 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 290 IS 4 BP 617 EP 622 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YA286 UT WOS:A1997YA28600008 ER PT J AU Liu, XW Barlow, MJ Dalgarno, A Tennyson, J Lim, T Swinyard, BM Cernicharo, J Cox, P Baluteau, JP Pequignot, D NguyenQRieu Emery, RJ Clegg, PE AF Liu, XW Barlow, MJ Dalgarno, A Tennyson, J Lim, T Swinyard, BM Cernicharo, J Cox, P Baluteau, JP Pequignot, D NguyenQRieu Emery, RJ Clegg, PE TI An ISO long wavelength spectrometer detection of CH in NGC 7027 and an HeH+ upper limit SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; ISM, molecules; planetary nebulae, general; planetary nebulae, individual, NGC 7027 ID INTERSTELLAR CH; ROTATIONAL-EXCITATION; NGC-7027; MICROWAVE; PARA-H-2; SPECTRA; OH AB We have detected an emission line at 149.18 +/- 0.06 mu m in the ISO Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) grating spectrum of the planetary nebula NGC 7027. This line coincides in wavelength with both the HeH+ J=1-0 fundamental pure rotational line at 149.14 mu m and the CH (2) Pi(3/2) (F-2) J=3/2-(2) Pi(1/2) (F-2) J=1/2 fundamental pure rotational lines at 149.09 and 149.39 mu m. Another feature of similar strength at 180.7 mu m is well-fitted by the CH doublet (2) Pi(1/2) (F-1) J=5/2-3/2 at 180.48 and 180.93 mu m. We therefore attribute both the 149.18- and 180.7-mu m lines to CH, the first evidence of this molecule in NGC 7027 and the first detection anywhere of the far-infrared lines of CH in emission. We estimate a CH/CO abundance ratio of similar to 0.06 and a CH/CH+ ratio of similar to 0.2, the latter being more than an order of magnitude lower than predicted for photodissociation regions. The contribution from the HeH+ J=1-0 line to the 149.18-mu m feature is at least a factor of three lower than the predictions of Cecchi-Pestellini & Dalgarno (1993). C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. ISO SCI OPERAT CTR, LWS INSTRUMENT DEDICATED TEAM, E-28080 MADRID, SPAIN. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, DIDCOT OX11 0QX, OXON, ENGLAND. CSIC, INST ESTRUCTURA MAT, DEPT FIS MOL, E-28006 MADRID, SPAIN. UNIV PARIS 11, INST ASTROPHYS SPATIALE, F-91405 ORSAY, FRANCE. CNRS, ASTRON SPATIALE LAB, F-13376 MARSEILLE 12, FRANCE. OBSERV PARIS, F-92190 MEUDON, FRANCE. OBSERV PARIS, F-75014 PARIS, FRANCE. UNIV LONDON QUEEN MARY & WESTFIELD COLL, DEPT PHYS, LONDON E1 4NS, ENGLAND. RP Liu, XW (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, GOWER ST, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND. RI Barlow, Michael/A-5638-2009; Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012 OI Barlow, Michael/0000-0002-3875-1171; Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238 NR 33 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 290 IS 4 BP L71 EP L75 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YA286 UT WOS:A1997YA28600002 ER PT J AU Joensen, KD Gorenstein, P Hoghoj, P Susini, J Ziegler, E Freund, A Christensen, F Wood, J Gutman, G AF Joensen, KD Gorenstein, P Hoghoj, P Susini, J Ziegler, E Freund, A Christensen, F Wood, J Gutman, G TI Broad-band hard X-ray reflectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE X-ray mirrors; multilayers optical properties; broad-band hard X-ray filters ID SUPER-MIRRORS; SUPERMIRRORS; REFLECTIVITIES; SURFACES; DESIGN AB Interest in optics for hard X-ray broad-band application is growing. In this paper, we compare the hard X-ray (20-100 keV) reflectivity obtained with an energy-dispersive reflectometer, of a standard commercial gold thin-film with that of a 600 bilayer W/Si X-ray supermirror. The reflectivity of the multilayer is found to agree extraordinarily well with theory (assuming an interface roughness of 4.5 Angstrom), while the agreement for the gold film is less, The overall performance of the supermirror is superior to that of gold, extending the band of reflection at least a factor of 2.8 beyond that of the gold, Various other design options are discussed, and we conclude that continued interest in the X-ray supermirror for broad-band hard X-ray applications is warranted. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN, F-38042 GRENOBLE, FRANCE. EUROPEAN SYNCHROTRON RADIAT FACIL, F-38043 GRENOBLE, FRANCE. DANISH SPACE RES INST, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK. OSMIC INC, TROY, MI USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT PY 1997 VL 132 IS 1 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(97)00443-6 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA YF322 UT WOS:A1997YF32200029 ER PT J AU Fogel, ML Tuross, N Johnson, BJ Miller, GH AF Fogel, ML Tuross, N Johnson, BJ Miller, GH TI Biogeochemical record of ancient humans SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Organic Geochemistry - Linking the Biosphere and Geosphere at the Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 27, 1996 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Geol Soc Amer, Geochem Soc, Organ Geochem Div DE biogeochemical record; ancient humans; isotopic analysis ID INDIVIDUAL AMINO-ACIDS; CARBON ISOTOPES; CENTRAL AUSTRALIA; CHAIN-REACTION; STABLE CARBON; DNA; NITROGEN; ARCHAEOLOGY; DIET; BONE AB The geochemical record of humans extends back to their first appearance on the landscape some one million years ago. Biochemical remains from humans, however, can be found in the fossil record for only the last 100 000 years, and even then these remains are only fragmentary. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in organic and inorganic fossils of humans are providing a great source of information on ancient human biogeochemistry. Two case studies demonstrating the utility of isotopic analyses for tracing the history of human behavior are presented. In the first, human skeletons from Easter Island were analyzed to determine whether the diet included foods from the marine environment. Isotopic records show that a sizeable influence from marine N can be detected in the ecosystem of this island. In a second study, the duration of nursing by prehistoric people was pinpointed with isotopic analysis. A study of modern humans was compared with analyses of two skeletal populations - Archaic Indians living 5000 years BP and Plains Indians from 1600 AD. Duration of nursing was the same in both populations, even though the Archaic Indians did not practice horticulture, whereas the Plains Indians grew crops. The geochemical record on the population growth of the human species has many implications. Recent developments include the analysis of stable isotopes in individual compounds from human remains. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of amino acids-have been used to determine the source of dietary C with a C-4 plant influence on human collagen. Also, the relative distribution of C and N isotopes in amino acids of these humans is compared with those in collagen from modern humans. Human diet and feeding behavior differ from that of almost all other animals (with the exception of primates and possibly cetaceans), because of the human's ability to think and resulting societal pressures. Finally, when human remains are scarce, the search for human activity reverts to materials that serve as proxies for paleostudies. The future of this field lies in expanding tools of biomedicine to the study of ancient DNA. Expansion of isotopic techniques includes the study of lipids in skeletal remains and associated archaeological materials. The challenge will be to broaden the techniques and samples available for analysis to proxy materials not directly associated with skeletal remains so that an even older human record can be read. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Conservat Analyt Lab, Suitland, MD USA. Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Fogel, ML (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Fogel, Marilyn/M-2395-2015 OI Fogel, Marilyn/0000-0002-1176-3818 NR 68 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD OCT-NOV PY 1997 VL 27 IS 5-6 BP 275 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00060-0 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA YR796 UT WOS:000071531100006 ER PT J AU Gemmill, CEC Johnson, KR AF Gemmill, CEC Johnson, KR TI Paleoecology of a late Paleocene (Tiffanian) megaflora from the northern Great Divide Basin, Wyoming SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID FOSSIL RECORD; LEAF LITTER; PLANT; DIVERSITY; TAPHONOMY; FOREST; DAKOTA AB To reconstruct a late Paleocene (Tiffanian) vegetation, we intensively sampled and censused plant megafossils of the Fort Union Formation from Bison Basin, Wyoming. Extensive sampling of this deposit at the local scale teas undertaken to assess the species richness and spatial distribution of leaf megafossils in a well-dated Paleocene assemblage. The megafossils were recovered from a series often quarries in a single fossiliferous horizon, composed of fine-grained claystone that represents deposition in a shallow floodplain pond. Early and middle Paleocene leaf localities from the northern Great Plains are typically depauperate; this deposit was no exception, yielding only 28 distinct leaf morphotypes from a collection of 5,650 specimens (average: 10.6 morphotypes/quarry). Significant differences in, the numbers of specimens per morphotype were observed. Four species, Corylites sp. (37.66%), Archeampelos acerifolia (33.93%), Metasequoia occidentalis (18.35%), and Fortuna cf. F. marsilioides (5.29%) comprised >95% of the specimens recovered. Megafloral dominants were fairly consistent from quarry to quarry indicating that this vegetation was relatively homogeneous at the scale of the local community Detrended Correspondence Analysis indicates that there is no environmental gradient apparent within this community. This extremely well-sampled and laterally extensive leaf site supports the view that the Late Paleocene (Tiffanian) flora of the northern Rockies is depauperate compared to megafloras of the Late Cretaceous and late Paleocene (Clarkforkian). C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT BOT, NMNH MUSEUM, SUPPORT CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. DENVER MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT EARTH SCI, DENVER, CO 80205 USA. RP SMITHSONIAN INST, NMNH MUSEUM, LAB MOL SYSTEMAT, SUPPORT CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 EI 1938-5323 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD OCT PY 1997 VL 12 IS 5 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.2307/3515382 PG 10 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA YA038 UT WOS:A1997YA03800004 ER PT J AU Kaplan, L Maitra, NT Heller, EJ AF Kaplan, L Maitra, NT Heller, EJ TI Quantizing constrained systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CURVED PHASE-SPACE; QUANTIZATION AB We consider quantum mechanics on constrained surfaces which have non-Euclidean metrics and variable Gaussian curvature. The old controversy about the ambiguities involving terms in the Hamiltonian of order (h) over bar(2) multiplying the Gaussian curvature is addressed, We set out to clarify the matter by considering constraints to be the limits of large restoring forces as the constraint coordinates deviate from their constrained values. We find additional ambiguous terms of order (h) over bar(2) involving freedom in the constraining potentials, demonstrating that the classical constrained Hamiltonian or Lagrangian cannot uniquely specify the quantization: the ambiguity of directly quantizing a constrained system is inherently unresolvable. Hou;e-ver, there is never any problem with a physical quantum system, which cannot have infinite constraint forces and always fluctuates around the mean constraint values, The issue is addressed from the perspectives of adiabatic approximations in quantum mechanics and Feynman path integrals, and semiclassically in terms of adiabatic actions. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HARVARD UNIV,HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Kaplan, L (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,HARVARD SOC FELLOWS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 24 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2592 EP 2599 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.2592 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YA780 UT WOS:A1997YA78000023 ER PT J AU Kotrba, M AF Kotrba, M TI Shoot or stab? Morphological evidence on the unresolved oviposition technique in Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera: Conopidae), including discussion of behavioral observations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE female postabdomen; oviscapt; female reproductive tract; spermathecae; eggs AB Behavioral observations on the oviposition behavior of Stylogaster are reviewed in combination with data on the egg morphology, egg placement, and the female postabdomen. The internal female reproductive tract of S. stylosa Townsend is described. While some behavioral observations seem to imply a shooting oviposition technique, the morphological evidence favors stabbing oviposition. RP Kotrba, M (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT ENTOMOL,NHB 169,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 99 IS 4 BP 614 EP 622 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YF173 UT WOS:A1997YF17300004 ER PT J AU Mathis, WN AF Mathis, WN TI A revision of Neotropical Ditrichophora Cresson (Diptera: Ephydridae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Ephydridae; shore flies; Ditrichophora; New World tropics ID GENUS AB Neotropical species of Ditrichophora Cresson are reported for the first time from that region and are revised. Two new species are described and illustrated: D. bella (Dominican Republic. Monse (n) over tilde or Nouel: near Jima (19 degrees 01.2'N, 70 degrees 28.8'W; 670 m) and D, chiapas (Mexico. Chiapas: El Triunfo (49 km S Jaltenango)). A diagnosis of the tribe Discocerinini and an annotated key to New World genera are also provided. RP Mathis, WN (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ENTOMOL,NHB 169,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 99 IS 4 BP 697 EP 704 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YF173 UT WOS:A1997YF17300014 ER PT J AU Shen, ZQ AF Shen, ZQ TI The milliarcsecond structure of a sample of southern blazars SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Shen, ZQ (reprint author), ACAD SINICA,SHANGHAI OBSERV,SHANGHAI 200030,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 109 IS 740 BP 1191 EP 1191 DI 10.1086/133996 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB620 UT WOS:A1997YB62000020 ER PT J AU Raga, AC Canto, J Curiel, S NoriegaCrespo, A Raymond, JC AF Raga, AC Canto, J Curiel, S NoriegaCrespo, A Raymond, JC TI The proper motions of condensations in a bow shock flow SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE ASTRONOMIA Y ASTROFISICA LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; ISM-jets and outflows; proper motions ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; EMISSION-LINE PROFILES; PREDICTED LONG-SLIT; HIGH-RESOLUTION; STELLAR JETS; HH 34; COMPLEX; MODELS; HH-34 AB For over a decade, comparisons of high resolution line profiles with simple, 3/2-D bow shock models have been used to derive the general properties of Herbig-Haro (HH) objects. In particular, the parameters which have been derived are the bow shock velocity, the direction of motion of the object, and the motion of the environment into which the object is moving. This paper presents an analysis of how to derive these parameters from observations of proper motions of the condensations of a HH object. Simple expressions are derived for determining the relevant parameters from measurements of the components of the proper motion velocities along and perpendicular to the projected outflow axis. These prescriptions are then applied to the observed proper motions of HH 1, BH 32 and HH 34, for which we obtain the respective flow parameters. C1 CALTECH, CTR INFRARED PROC & ANAL, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Raga, AC (reprint author), UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO, INST ASTRON, APARTADO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, DF, MEXICO. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO, INST DE ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APDO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 0185-1101 J9 REV MEX ASTRON ASTR JI Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 2 BP 157 EP 164 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YF443 UT WOS:A1997YF44300011 ER PT J AU Heyman, IM AF Heyman, IM TI King of the World: A Mughal manuscript from the Royal Library, Windsor Castle SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Art Exhibit Review RP Heyman, IM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD OCT PY 1997 VL 28 IS 7 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA XY062 UT WOS:A1997XY06200001 ER PT J AU Turck-Chieze, S Basu, S Brun, AS Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Eff-Darwich, A Lopes, I Hernandez, FP Berthomieu, G Provost, J Ulrich, RK Baudin, F Boumier, P Charra, J Gabriel, AH Garcia, RA Grec, G Renaud, C Robillot, JM Cortes, TR AF Turck-Chieze, S Basu, S Brun, AS Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Eff-Darwich, A Lopes, I Hernandez, FP Berthomieu, G Provost, J Ulrich, RK Baudin, F Boumier, P Charra, J Gabriel, AH Garcia, RA Grec, G Renaud, C Robillot, JM Cortes, TR TI First view of the solar core from GOLF acoustic modes SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HELIOSEISMIC INVERSIONS; ASYMPTOTIC THEORY; LOW-FREQUENCY; OSCILLATIONS; SUN; DIFFUSION; INTERIOR; STATE AB After 8 months of nearly continuous measurements the GOLF instrument, aboard SOHO, has detected acoustic mode frequencies of more than 100 modes, extending from 1.4 mHz to 4.9 mHz. In this paper, we compare these results with the best available predictions coming from solar models. To verify the quality of the data, we examine the asymptotic seismic parameters; this confirms the improvements achieved in solar models during the last decade. Using the GOLF set of frequencies for l = 0, 1, 2, 3 combined with the LOWL second year data set for l > 3, we then carry out inversions to infer properties of the solar core. This largely confirms the previous results down to around 0.1 R., while there remain differences, even closer to the centre, where the present study shows an extreme sensitivity of the inversion results to the values of the frequencies. We finally consider physical processes which may influence directly or indirectly the solar core structure. C1 CE Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, Teoretisk Astrofys Ctr, Aarhus, Denmark. Aarhus Univ, Inst Fys Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. OCA, Dept Cassini, F-06304 Nice 4, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA USA. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. Univ Bordeaux 1, Observ, F-33270 Floirac, France. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. RP Turck-Chieze, S (reprint author), CE Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Basu, Sarbani/B-8015-2014; Lopes, Ilidio/B-4170-2014 OI Basu, Sarbani/0000-0002-6163-3472; Lopes, Ilidio/0000-0002-5011-9195 NR 54 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 175 IS 2 BP 247 EP 265 DI 10.1023/A:1004992727541 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YV047 UT WOS:000071784300003 ER PT J AU Kohl, JL Noci, G Antonucci, E Tondello, G Huber, MCE Gardner, LD Nicolosi, P Strachan, L Fineschi, S Raymond, JC Romoli, M Spadaro, D Panasyuk, A Siegmund, OHW Benna, C Ciaravella, P Cranmer, SR Giordano, S Karovska, M Martin, R Michels, J Modigliani, A Naletto, G Pernechele, C Poletto, G Smith, PL AF Kohl, JL Noci, G Antonucci, E Tondello, G Huber, MCE Gardner, LD Nicolosi, P Strachan, L Fineschi, S Raymond, JC Romoli, M Spadaro, D Panasyuk, A Siegmund, OHW Benna, C Ciaravella, P Cranmer, SR Giordano, S Karovska, M Martin, R Michels, J Modigliani, A Naletto, G Pernechele, C Poletto, G Smith, PL TI First results from the SOHO ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; VELOCITY AB The SOHO Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS/SOHO) is being used to observe the extended solar corona from 1.25 to 10 R-. from Sun center. Initial observations of polar coronal holes and equatorial streamers are described. The observations include measurements of spectral line profiles for H I L alpha and L beta O VI 1032 Angstrom and 1037 Angstrom, Mg x 625 Angstrom, Fe XII 1242 Angstrom and several others. Intensities for Mg x 610 Angstrom Si XII 499 Angstrom, and 520 Angstrom, S x 1196 Angstrom, and 22 others have been observed. Preliminary results for derived H-0, O5+,Mg9+, and Fe11+ velocity distributions and initial indications of outflow velocities for O5+ are described. In streamers, the H-0 velocity distribution along the line of sight (specified by the value at e(-1), along the line of sight) decreases from a maximum value of about 180 km s(-1) at 2 R-.. In polar coronal holes, the O5+ increases with height reaching a value of 150 km s(-1) at 4.7 R-.. In polar coronal holes, the O5+ velocity at e(-1) is about equal to that of H-0 at 1.7 R-. and significantly larger at 2.1 R-.. The O5+ in both streamers and coronal holes were found to have anisotropic velocity distributions with the smaller values in the radial direction. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Osservatorio Astron Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy. European Space Agcy, Estec, Dept Space Sci, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Osservatorio Astron Palermo, Palermo, Italy. RP Kohl, JL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Romoli, Marco/H-6859-2012; Naletto, Giampiero/S-6329-2016; OI Naletto, Giampiero/0000-0003-2007-3138; Giordano, Silvio/0000-0002-3468-8566; pernechele, claudio/0000-0002-7752-6268 NR 21 TC 366 Z9 368 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 175 IS 2 BP 613 EP 644 DI 10.1023/A:1004903206467 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YV047 UT WOS:000071784300023 ER PT J AU Raymond, JC Kohl, JL Noci, G Antonucci, E Tondello, G Huber, MCE Gardner, LD Nicolosi, P Fineschi, S Romoli, M Spadaro, D Siegmund, OHW Benna, C Ciaravella, A Cranmer, S Giordano, S Karovska, M Martin, R Michels, J Modigliani, A Naletto, G Panasyuk, A Pernechele, C Poletto, G Smith, PL Suleiman, RM Strachan, L AF Raymond, JC Kohl, JL Noci, G Antonucci, E Tondello, G Huber, MCE Gardner, LD Nicolosi, P Fineschi, S Romoli, M Spadaro, D Siegmund, OHW Benna, C Ciaravella, A Cranmer, S Giordano, S Karovska, M Martin, R Michels, J Modigliani, A Naletto, G Panasyuk, A Pernechele, C Poletto, G Smith, PL Suleiman, RM Strachan, L TI Composition of coronal streamers from the SOHO ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; SPECTRAL-LINE INTENSITIES; X-RAY-SPECTRUM; B-LIKE IONS; SOLAR-WIND; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; VELOCITY FILTRATION; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; TRANSITION REGION AB The Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer on the SOHO satellite covers the 940-1350 Angstrom range as well as the 470-630 Angstrom range in second order. It has detected coronal emission lines of H, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ar, Ca, Fe, and Ni, particularly in coronal streamers. Resonance scattering of emission lines from the solar disk dominates the intensities of a few lines, but electron collisional excitation produces most of the lines observed. Resonance, intercombination and forbidden lines are seen, and their relative line intensities are diagnostics for the ionization state and elemental abundances of the coronal gas. The elemental composition of the solar corona and solar wind vary, with the abundance of each element related to the ionization potential of its neutral atom (First Ionization Potential-FIP). It is often difficult to obtain absolute abundances, rather than abundances relative to O or Si. In this paper, we study the ionization state of the gas in two coronal streamers, and we determine the absolute abundances of oxygen and other elements in the streamers. The ionization state is close to that of a logT = 62 plasma. The abundances vary among, and even within, streamers. The helium abundance is lower than photospheric, and the FIP effect is present. In the core of a quiescent equatorial streamer, oxygen and other high-FIP elements are depleted by an order of magnitude compared with photospheric abundances, while they are depleted by only a factor of 3 along the edges of the streamer. The abundances along the edges of the streamer ('legs') resemble elemental abundances measured in the slow solar wind, supporting the identification of streamers as the source of that wind component. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Osservatorio Astron Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy. European Space Agcy, Estec, Dept Space Sci, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Raymond, JC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Romoli, Marco/H-6859-2012; Naletto, Giampiero/S-6329-2016; OI Naletto, Giampiero/0000-0003-2007-3138; Giordano, Silvio/0000-0002-3468-8566; pernechele, claudio/0000-0002-7752-6268 NR 58 TC 245 Z9 247 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 175 IS 2 BP 645 EP 665 DI 10.1023/A:1004948423169 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YV047 UT WOS:000071784300024 ER PT J AU Spencer, SC Porter, JM AF Spencer, SC Porter, JM TI Evolutionary diversification and adaptation to novel environments in Navarretia (Polemoniaceae) SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MATK SEQUENCES; COMBINING DATA; PARSIMONY; CONFIDENCE; CONGRUENCE; BOOTSTRAP; NUMBERS; TAXA; DNA AB Phylogenetic relationships in Navarretia were examined using morphological data, and DNA sequence data from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers. Analyses of molecular and morphological datasets produced similar consensus trees. A combined analysis resulted in increased resolution and stronger bootstrap support for most clades. Results support the hypothesis that sections Mitracarpium and Navarretia are monophyletic, with somewhat weaker support for a third monophyletic group consisting of sections Aegochloa and Masonia. Evolutionary rate heterogeneity among sections is evident. An early radiation is suggested for the Aegochloa-Masonia clade, in contrast to a relatively late radiation of ephemeral pool species (including the single South American member of the genus) in section Navarretia. No such radiation of taxa is evident following three separate instances of adaptation to serpentine. C1 Rancho Santa Ana Bot Garden, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Spencer, SC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Support Ctr, Lab Mol Systemat, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 22 IS 4 BP 649 EP 668 DI 10.2307/2419433 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA ZG402 UT WOS:000072998300004 ER PT J AU Lovejoy, TE AF Lovejoy, TE TI Canary in a coal mine SO TECHNOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Letter RP Lovejoy, TE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,INST CONSERVAT BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS INST TECHNOL PI CAMBRIDGE PA BUILDING W59, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 SN 0040-1692 J9 TECHNOL REV JI Technol. Rev. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 100 IS 7 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XV788 UT WOS:A1997XV78800002 ER PT J AU Thrush, SF Pridmore, RD Bell, RG Cummings, VJ Dayton, PK Ford, R Grant, J Green, MO Hewitt, JE Hines, AH Hume, TM Lawrie, SM Legendre, P McArdle, BH Morrisey, D Schneider, DC Turner, SJ Walters, RA Whitlatch, RB Wilkinson, MR AF Thrush, SF Pridmore, RD Bell, RG Cummings, VJ Dayton, PK Ford, R Grant, J Green, MO Hewitt, JE Hines, AH Hume, TM Lawrie, SM Legendre, P McArdle, BH Morrisey, D Schneider, DC Turner, SJ Walters, RA Whitlatch, RB Wilkinson, MR TI The sandflat habitat: scaling from experiments to conclusions SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Ecology of Soft-Bottom Habitats - Matching Spatial Patterns with Dynamic Processes CY 1994 CL HAMILTON, NEW ZEALAND SP Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res ID INTERTIDAL SANDFLATS; NEW-ZEALAND; BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; MANUKAU-HARBOR; BIVALVES; DISTURBANCE; PATTERNS; IMPACT C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV OTAGO,DEPT MARINE SCI,DUNEDIN,NEW ZEALAND. DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT OCEANOG,HALIFAX,NS B3H 4J1,CANADA. SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. UNIV ABERDEEN,CULTERTY FILED STN,NEWBURGH AB4 0AA,SCOTLAND. UNIV MONTREAL,DEPT SCI BIOL,MONTREAL,PQ H3C 3J7,CANADA. UNIV AUCKLAND,SCH BIOL SCI,BIOSTAT UNIT,AUCKLAND 1,NEW ZEALAND. MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND,CTR OCEAN SCI,ST JOHNS,NF ALC 5ST,CANADA. US GEOL SURVEY,TACOMA,WA 98402. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT MARINE SCI,GROTON,CT 06340. RP Thrush, SF (reprint author), NATL INST WATER & ATMOSPHER RES,POB 11-115,HAMILTON,NEW ZEALAND. OI Thrush, Simon/0000-0002-4005-3882 NR 50 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD SEP 30 PY 1997 VL 216 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00087-7 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YA487 UT WOS:A1997YA48700002 ER PT J AU Legendre, P Thrush, SF Cummings, VJ Dayton, PK Grant, J Hewitt, JE Hines, AH McArdle, BH Pridmore, RD Schneider, DC Turner, SJ Whitlatch, RB Wilkinson, MR AF Legendre, P Thrush, SF Cummings, VJ Dayton, PK Grant, J Hewitt, JE Hines, AH McArdle, BH Pridmore, RD Schneider, DC Turner, SJ Whitlatch, RB Wilkinson, MR TI Spatial structure of bivalves in a sandflat: Scale and generating processes SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Ecology of Soft-Bottom Habitats - Matching Spatial Patterns with Dynamic Processes CY 1994 CL HAMILTON, NEW ZEALAND SP Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res DE adult-juvenile interaction; autocorrelograms; Austrovenus stutchburyi; bivalves; Macomona liliana; spatial modelling; spatial structure ID LARVAL SETTLEMENT; SIPHONAL CURRENTS; GEMMA-GEMMA; COLONIZATION; SURVIVAL; PATTERN; HABITAT AB A survey was conducted during the summer of 1994 within a fairly homogeneous 12.5 ha area of sandflat off Wiroa Island, in Manukau Harbour, New Zealand, to identify factors controlling the spatial distributions of the two dominant bivalves, Macomona liliana Iredale and Austrovenus stutchburyi (Gray), and to look for evidence of adult-juvenile interactions within and between species. Most of the large-scale spatial structure detected in the bivalve count variables (two species, several size classes of each) was explained by the physical and biological variables. The results of principal component analysis and spatial regression modelling suggest that different factors are controlling the spatial distributions of adults and juveniles. Larger size classes of both species displayed significant spatial structure, with physical variables explaining some but not all of this variation. Smaller organisms were less strongly spatially structured, with virtually all of the structure explained by physical variables. The physical variables important in the regression models differed among size classes of a species and between species. Extreme size classes (largest and smallest) were best explained by the models; physical variables explained from 10% to about 70% of the variation across the study site, Significant residual spatial variability was detected in the larger bivalves at the scale of the study site. The unexplained variability (20 to 90%) found in the models is likely to correspond to phenomena operating at smaller scales, Finally, we found no support for adult-juvenile interactions at the scale of our study site, given our sampling scale, after controlling for the effects of the available physical variables. This is in contrast to significant adult-juvenile interactions found in smaller-scale surveys and in field experiments. Our perception of adult-juvenile interactions thus depends on the scale of study. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NATL INST WATER & ATMOSPHER RES, HAMILTON, NEW ZEALAND. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. DALHOUSIE UNIV, DEPT OCEANOG, HALIFAX, NS B3H 4J1, CANADA. SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR, EDGEWATER, MD 21037 USA. UNIV AUCKLAND, SCH BIOL SCI, BIOSTAT UNIT, AUCKLAND 1, NEW ZEALAND. MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND, CTR OCEAN SCI, ST JOHNS, NF A1C 5S7, CANADA. UNIV CONNECTICUT, DEPT MARINE SCI, GROTON, CT 06340 USA. RP Legendre, P (reprint author), UNIV MONTREAL, DEPT SCI BIOL, CP 6128, SUCC CTR VILLE, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3J7, CANADA. OI Thrush, Simon/0000-0002-4005-3882 NR 53 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD SEP 30 PY 1997 VL 216 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00092-0 PG 30 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YA487 UT WOS:A1997YA48700007 ER PT J AU Thrush, SF Cummings, VJ Dayton, PK Ford, R Grant, J Hewitt, JE Hines, AH Lawrie, SM Pridmore, RD Legendre, P McArdle, BH Schneider, DC Turner, SJ Whitlatch, RB Wilkinson, MR AF Thrush, SF Cummings, VJ Dayton, PK Ford, R Grant, J Hewitt, JE Hines, AH Lawrie, SM Pridmore, RD Legendre, P McArdle, BH Schneider, DC Turner, SJ Whitlatch, RB Wilkinson, MR TI Matching the outcome of small-scale density manipulation experiments with larger scale patterns an example of bivalve adult/juvenile interactions SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Ecology of Soft-Bottom Habitats - Matching Spatial Patterns with Dynamic Processes CY 1994 CL HAMILTON, NEW ZEALAND SP Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res DE adult/juvenile interactions; bivalves; New Zealand; sandflats; scaling-up ID INTERTIDAL SANDFLATS; MODELS AB Generalising or scaling up from small-scale experiments to lar er areas is an important challenge for both ecology and conservation biology. This study describes a technique that attempts to meet this challenge by combining spatial mapping with small-scale process experiments. Specifically, we evaluate the density effects of large individuals (> 15 mm shell length) of a tellinid bivalve (Macomona liliana Iredale) on macrofauna in 0.25 m(2) experimental plots within the natural density variation of large Macomona over a 12.5 ha site. By mapping the spatial distribution of large Macomona before conducting the experiment, we were able to identify homogeneous areas with different background densities of large Macomona and embed 22 experimental locations within the natural density-scape. Within each location, four experimental densities were added to plots from which all large macrofauna (>4 mm) had been previously removed. Macrofauna were sampled 22 days after the start of the experiment and significant negative treatment effects of high densities of large Macomona were identified by ANOVA for juvenile bivalves Macomona (<4 mm), Austrovenus stutchburyi (Gray) (<4 mm), the isopod Exosphaeroma falcatum Tattersall and the total number of individuals. Generalised linear models were then used to include the effect of background density variation of large Macomona in the analysis. Only Austrovenus (<4 mm) demonstrated a significant interaction between the background and experimental densities of large Macomona. This resulted from background densities of large Macomona having a significant effect on Austrovenus (<4 mm) in the two lowest density treatments only. Significant effects were detected only because we had planned the study to cover the various background densities of Macomona. The effect of experimental and background density variation of large Macomona on Macomona (<4 mm), Exospheroma, nemerteans and the total number of individuals were similar in direction and strength. Except for nemerteans, all relationships were negative, with low densities of macrofauna associated with high experimental and background densities of large Macomona. This implies that large-scale extrinsic factors (e.g., elevation, exposure to wave disturbance) are not the only features influencing the distribution of Macomona at the scale of the study site; intrinsic processes operating on smaller seals are also important. This scale-dependent response would not have been uncovered, had we not conducted a larger-scale survey in concert with the smaller-scale experiment. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV OTAGO,DEPT MARINE SCI,DUNEDIN,NEW ZEALAND. DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT OCEANOG,HALIFAX,NS B3H 4J1,CANADA. SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. UNIV ABERDEEN,CULTERTY FIELD STN,NEWBURGH AB4 0AA,SCOTLAND. UNIV MONTREAL,DEPT SCI BIOL,MONTREAL,PQ H3C 3J7,CANADA. UNIV AUCKLAND,SCH BIOL SCI,BIOSTAT UNIT,AUCKLAND 1,NEW ZEALAND. MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND,CTR OCEAN SCI,ST JOHNS,NF ALC 5ST,CANADA. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT MARINE SCI,GROTON,CT 06340. RP Thrush, SF (reprint author), NATL INST WATER & ATMOSPHER RES,POB 11-115,HAMILTON,NEW ZEALAND. OI Thrush, Simon/0000-0002-4005-3882 NR 26 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD SEP 30 PY 1997 VL 216 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00094-4 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YA487 UT WOS:A1997YA48700009 ER PT J AU Hines, AH Whitlatch, RB Thrush, SF Hewitt, JE Cummings, VJ Dayton, PK Legendre, P AF Hines, AH Whitlatch, RB Thrush, SF Hewitt, JE Cummings, VJ Dayton, PK Legendre, P TI Nonlinear foraging response of a large marine predator to benthic prey: eagle ray pits and bivalves in a New Zealand sandflat SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Ecology of Soft-Bottom Habitats - Matching Spatial Patterns with Dynamic Processes CY 1994 CL HAMILTON, NEW ZEALAND SP Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res DE predator-prey; foraging; nonlinear; density-dependent benthic; eagle ray; bivalves ID VARIABLE FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTION; BLUE CRABS; ELECTROSENSORY SYSTEM; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; THORNBACK RAY; DISTURBANCE; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; WATER AB The density-dependent foraging response of eagle rays (Myliobatis tenuicaudatus) to infaunal bivalves (Macomona lilliana) was measured in a New Zealand sandflat. Disturbance pits provided unequivocal indicators of ray feeding activity, and pits were counted on a plot (250 m x 500 m) which had prey density mapped in a 200 cell (25 m x 25 m) grid. Although foraging response increased significantly with prey density treated as a nominal (class, ANOVA-type) variable, treating bivalve density as a ratio scale (continuous, regression-type) variable provided more information about characteristics of the response. Eagle rays exhibited a nonlinear segmented response to prey density, in which ray foraging activity was low and independent of prey density at low Macomona densities, while foraging increased sharply above a threshold density of prey but did not reach satiation at the highest prey densities in our site. By counting ray pits repeatedly over a 31 day period, we showed that the levels and slope of the foraging response (no. of ray pits per 707 m(2) per 4 days) varied temporally during the season, but the nonlinear characteristic and the threshold of prey density were consistent. Correlation analysis showed that the distribution of bivalve prey and ray foraging was spatially constant during the season. Comparison of 3 estimators of prey density showed that a fitted polynomial density was the best predictor of ray foraging, and indicated that rays were responding to prey patches on a scale of 75-100 m. The temporal features of the response to prey density were incorporated into a nonlinear segmented model and integrated with respect to time for each cell of the study grid. The impact of ray foraging estimated from the integral indicated that only about 1.6% of the Macomona population was consumed and 5.0% of the total plot was disturbed by rays during one month of study. However, the nonlinearity of response indicated that foraging impacts were concentrated disproportionately on high density patches of prey, which suffered up to 4% mortality and 13% disturbance. Macomona gained a refuge from predation and disturbance at low density, which would stabilize prey populations and even out prey distribution. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT, DEPT MARINE SCI, GROTON, CT 06340 USA. NATL INST WATER & ATMOSPHER RES, HAMILTON, NEW ZEALAND. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. UNIV MONTREAL, DEPT SCI BIOL, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3J7, CANADA. RP Hines, AH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR, POB 28, EDGEWATER, MD 21037 USA. OI Thrush, Simon/0000-0002-4005-3882 NR 56 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD SEP 30 PY 1997 VL 216 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00096-8 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YA487 UT WOS:A1997YA48700011 ER PT J AU Thrush, SF Schneider, DC Legendre, P Whitlatch, RB Dayton, PK Hewitt, JE Hines, AH Cummings, VJ Lawrie, SM Grant, J Pridmore, RD Turner, SJ McArdle, BH AF Thrush, SF Schneider, DC Legendre, P Whitlatch, RB Dayton, PK Hewitt, JE Hines, AH Cummings, VJ Lawrie, SM Grant, J Pridmore, RD Turner, SJ McArdle, BH TI Scaling-up from experiments to complex ecological systems: Where to next? SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Ecology of Soft-Bottom Habitats - Matching Spatial Patterns with Dynamic Processes CY 1994 CL HAMILTON, NEW ZEALAND SP Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res ID COMMUNITY; HETEROGENEITY; COMPETITION; ECOSYSTEMS; PREDATION; SEDIMENT; PATTERNS; PEOPLE; SCALES; STRESS C1 MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND,CTR OCEAN SCI,ST JOHNS,NF ALC 5ST,CANADA. UNIV MONTREAL,DEPT SCI BIOL,MONTREAL,PQ H3C 3J7,CANADA. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT MARINE SCI,GROTON,CT 06340. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. UNIV ABERDEEN,CULTERTY FIELD STN,NEWBURGH AB4 0AA,SCOTLAND. DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT OCEANOG,HALIFAX,NS B3H 4J1,CANADA. UNIV AUCKLAND,SCH BIOL SCI,BIOSTAT UNIT,AUCKLAND 1,NEW ZEALAND. RP Thrush, SF (reprint author), NATL INST WATER & ATMOSPHER RES,POB 11-115,HAMILTON,NEW ZEALAND. OI Thrush, Simon/0000-0002-4005-3882 NR 63 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD SEP 30 PY 1997 VL 216 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00099-3 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA YA487 UT WOS:A1997YA48700014 ER PT J AU Katagiri, H Sako, T Hishikawa, A Yazaki, T Onda, K Yamanouchi, K Yoshino, K AF Katagiri, H Sako, T Hishikawa, A Yazaki, T Onda, K Yamanouchi, K Yoshino, K TI Experimental and theoretical exploration of photodissociation of SO2 via the (C)over-tilde(1)B(2) state: identification of the dissociation pathway SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE SO2 (sulfurdioxide); photodissociation; predissociation; dissociation-rate; surface-crossing ID EMISSION PUMPING SPECTROSCOPY; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; JET-COOLED SO2; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; 193 NM; DISPERSED FLUORESCENCE; VIBRATIONAL ASSIGNMENT; ASYMMETRIC STRUCTURE AB The photodissociation reaction of SO2 via the (C) over tilde(1)B(2) state, SO2 ((C) over tilde(1)B(2)) --> SO((3) Sigma(-)) + O(P-3) was investigated by experimental and theoretical approaches cooperatively to clarify its dissociation mechanism. We measured the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectrum of the (C) over tilde-(X) over tilde band in the short UV wavelength region (210-200 nm) under jet-cooled conditions. The fluorescence quantum yields and the dissociation rates of individual vibronic levels were determined in the 220-200-nm region using (i) the LIF spectrum measured in the present study, (ii) that measured previously by Yamanouchi et al. (J. Mol. Struct, 352/353 (1995) 541) in the longer wavelength region above 210 nm, and (iii) the high-resolution absorption spectrum measured by Freeman et al. (Planet. Space. Sci. 32 (1984) 1125). The dissociation rates were also derived in the 210-200-nm region from the broadening of the rotational lines of the (C) over tilde-(X) over tilde vibronic transitions. It was found that the dissociation rates determined through two different procedures were consistent with each other, and that the rate increases almost exponentially as an excess energy above the dissociation threshold increases though there is a certain fluctuation of the dissociation rates reflecting a mode specificity. We also performed theoretical ab initio calculations to derive potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the electronic ground states and low-lying electronically excited states of SO2 within the MCSCF and MRCI levels. The theoretical calculations showed that (i) the PES of the 2(1)A' state (the (C) over tilde(1)B(2) state in C-2r symmetry), correlating with the SO((1) Delta) + O(D-1) asymptote, crosses with the repulsive singlet (3(1)A') state, correlating with the SO((3) Sigma(-)) + O(P-3) asymptote, to form a pseudo-seam, (ii) the crossing pseudo-seam of these two PESs is located near the equilibrium bent angles for the X and C states along the energy contour of similar to 9700 cm(-1) measured from the SO((3) Sigma(-)) + O(P-3) dissociation limit, and (iii) the crossing seam between the 2(1)A' ((C) over tilde(1)B(2)) and repulsive 2(3)A' states is located in a lower energy region than the singlet seam; at similar to 6700 cm(-1) measured from the SO((3) Sigma(-)) + O(P-3) dissociation limit. On the basis of the above experimental and theoretical results together with the previous experimental evidence, we propose that (i) the photodissociation reaction via the (C) over tilde state proceeds mainly through the vibronic mixing between the (C) over tilde state vibronic levels with the quasi-bound dissociation continuum of the electronic ground X(1)A(1) state, and (ii) the additional dissociation channels may be open through the crossing seam with the repulsive singlet (3(1)A') state and that with the repulsive tiplet (2(3)A') slate in their narrow crossing energy regions. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ELECTROTECH LAB,DIV MAT SCI,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. NATL INST INTERDISCIPLINARY RES,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. UNIV TOKYO,COLL ARTS & SCI,DEPT PURE & APPL SCI,MEGURO KU,TOKYO 153,JAPAN. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RI Onda, Ken/H-3389-2014; Hishikawa, Akiyoshi/C-2251-2011 OI Onda, Ken/0000-0003-1724-2009; Hishikawa, Akiyoshi/0000-0002-4147-294X NR 62 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD SEP 30 PY 1997 VL 413 SI SI BP 589 EP 614 DI 10.1016/S0022-2860(97)00199-3 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YF236 UT WOS:A1997YF23600059 ER PT J AU Carroll, SM Field, GB AF Carroll, SM Field, GB TI Is there evidence for cosmic anisotropy in the polarization of distant radio sources? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPAGATION; GOLDSTONE-BOSON; GALAXIES; PSEUDOSCALAR; INTERSTELLAR; STRINGS; SCALAR; LIMITS; PHOTON AB Measurements of the polarization angle and orientation of cosmological radio sources may be used to search for unusual effects in the propagation of light through the Universe. Recently, Nodland and Ralston [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3043 (1997)] have claimed to find evidence for a redshift-and direction-dependent rotation effect in existing data. We reexamine these data and argue that there is no statistically significant signal present. We are able to place stringent limits on hypothetical chiral interactions of photons propagating through spacetime. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Carroll, SM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,INST THEORET PHYS,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. NR 31 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 29 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 13 BP 2394 EP 2397 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.2394 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XZ114 UT WOS:A1997XZ11400002 ER PT J AU Edgett, KS Butler, BJ Zimbelman, JR Hamilton, VE AF Edgett, KS Butler, BJ Zimbelman, JR Hamilton, VE TI Geologic context of the Mars radar ''Stealth'' region in southwestern Tharsis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review ID VOLCANIC GEOLOGY; THERMAL INERTIA; AEOLIAN DUNES; WIND STREAKS; SAND SEAS; ERUPTION; PATERA; FEATURES; EROSION; SURFACE AB ''Stealth'' is a region on Mars that has no distinguishable radar return. Stealth was discovered in 1988 by Muhleman et al. [1991] in 3.5 cm Earth-based radar images, and it was found to extend similar to 2000 km along the Martian equator west of Arsia and Pavonis Montes. Stealth was proposed to be a deposit of unconsolidated, granular material with a minimum thickness of several meters, with the most likely explanation being that Stealth is a volcanic tephra deposit [Muhleman et al., 1991, 1995]. Stealth overlies some of the youngest geologic units on Mars, including lava flows and a giant, curvilinear-ridged lobate unit on the west flank of Arsia Mons. Stealth also overlies part of a region of smooth and wind-scoured materials called the Medusae Fossae Formation. Examination of high-resolution Viking orbiter images suggests that Stealth is the youngest of several discontinuous, wind-worked mantles of fine-grained (much less than 1 cm) sediment. Older deposits of fine sediment appear to be interbedded with lava flows and show evidence of aeolian deposition (dunes and deposits in the lee of topographic obstacles) and erosion (yardangs and pedestal craters). The geologic context supports a volcanic ash origin for Stealth. If Stealth is composed of tephra, then its extent and the nature of landforms in the region indicate that it resulted from multiple eruptions that occurred relatively late in Martian history. Possible source vents include linear depressions (flanked by constructive volcanic landforms) that are located on the lower western slopes of Arsia and Pavonis Montes. C1 NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,SOCORRO,NM 87801. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,CTR EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,MERC 315,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Edgett, KS (reprint author), ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,BOX 871404,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. OI Edgett, Kenneth/0000-0001-7197-5751 NR 113 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD SEP 25 PY 1997 VL 102 IS E9 BP 21545 EP 21567 DI 10.1029/97JE01685 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XY748 UT WOS:A1997XY74800001 ER PT J AU Subrahmanyan, R Goss, WM Megeath, ST Barnes, PJ AF Subrahmanyan, R Goss, WM Megeath, ST Barnes, PJ TI A thermal plume in NGC 2024 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE H II regions; ISM, individual, NGC 2024; ISM, jets and outflows; radio continuum, ISM; radio lines, ISM ID ORION-B NGC-2024; JET; CALIBRATORS; REGION; SCALE AB We present 1-arcmin resolution radio images of the Galactic H II region NGC 2024 made at 0.33 and 10.55 GHz. These are the highest dynamic range images of the nebula to date. The peak brightness in the 0.33-GHz radio continuum image indicates that the electron temperature is 6800-7600 K. The images clarify the structure of a thermal plume that is directed north from the H II region and opposite to a unipolar molecular outflow found in the molecular cloud near the H II region. We report the detection of H91 alpha recombination lines from the plume: these data confirm that the plume is blueshifted relative to the molecular cloud. Finally, we discuss the relative merits of three possible explanations for the plume: that the plume results from the blueshifted counterjet to the CO outflow; that the plume is the continuation of the champagne flow observed in the denser parts of the H II region; and that the plume is produced by the photoevaporation of molecular clumps apparent in a (CO)-C-13 map of the region. C1 UNIV BONN,ASTRON INST,D-53121 BONN 1,GERMANY. NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,SOCORRO,NM 87801. MIT,HAYSTACK OBSERV,WESTFORD,MA 01886. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Subrahmanyan, R (reprint author), RAMAN RES INST,BANGALORE 560080,KARNATAKA,INDIA. RI Subrahmanyan, Ravi/B-6079-2009; Astronomy & Astrophysics Group, Raman Res Institute/D-4046-2012; Subrahmanyan, Ravi/D-4889-2012; M, Manjunath/N-4000-2014 OI M, Manjunath/0000-0001-8710-0730 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 21 PY 1997 VL 290 IS 3 BP 431 EP 438 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YA859 UT WOS:A1997YA85900010 ER PT J AU Keeton, CR Kochanek, CS AF Keeton, CR Kochanek, CS TI Determining the Hubble constant from the gravitational lens PG 1115+080 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, distance scale; galaxies, structure; gravitational lensing; quasars, individual (PG 1115 + 080) ID TIME-DELAY; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; TRIPLE QUASAR; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; LIGHT-CURVE; DARK HALOS; MODELS; SYSTEM; IMAGE; SPECTROSCOPY AB For the quadruple gravitational lens PG 1115+080, we combine recent measurements of the time delays with new lens models to determine the Hubble constant H-0. We explore the effects of systematic uncertainties in the lens models on the estimates of H-0, and we discuss how the uncertainties can be reduced by future observations. We find that the lens cannot be fit by an isolated lens galaxy, but that it can be well fit by including a perturbation from the nearby group of galaxies. To understand the full range of systematic uncertainties, it is crucial to use an ellipsoidal galaxy and to let the group position vary. In this case, the existing constraints cannot break degeneracies in the models with respect to the profiles of the galaxy and group and to the position of the group. Combining the known time delays with a range of lens models incorporating some of the plausible systematic effects yields H-0 = 51(-13)(+14) km s(-1) Mpc(-1). The constraints on the lens models, and hence on H-0, can be improved by reducing the standard errors in the lens galaxy position from 50 mas to similar to 10 mas, reducing the the uncertainties in the time delays to similar to 0.5 days, and constraining the lens mass distribution using Hubble Space Telescope photometry and the fundamental plane. In particular, the time delay ratio r(ABC) = Delta tau(AC)/Delta tau(BA) may provide the best constraint on the mass profile of the galaxy. RP Keeton, CR (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS-51,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 66 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1997 VL 487 IS 1 BP 42 EP 54 DI 10.1086/304583 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XY506 UT WOS:A1997XY50600005 ER PT J AU Schrijver, CJ Title, AM VanBallegooijen, AA Hagenaar, HJ Shine, RA AF Schrijver, CJ Title, AM VanBallegooijen, AA Hagenaar, HJ Shine, RA TI Sustaining the quiet photospheric network: The balance of flux emergence, fragmentation, merging, and cancellation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun, activity; sun, atmosphere; sun, magnetic fields ID EPHEMERAL ACTIVE REGIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BRIGHT POINTS; SUN; EVOLUTION; DIFFUSION; ELEMENTS; MODEL; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS AB The magnetic field in the solar photosphere evolves as flux concentrations fragment in response to sheared hows, merge when they collide with others of equal polarity, or (partially) cancel against concentrations of opposite polarity. Newly emerging flux replaces the canceled flux. We present a quantitative statistical model that is consistent with the histogram of fluxes contained in concentrations of magnetic flux in the quiet network for fluxes exceeding approximate to 2 x 10(18) Mr, as well as with estimated collision frequencies and fragmentation rates. This model holds for any region with weak gradients in the magnetic flux density at scales of more than a few supergranules. We discuss the role of this dynamic flux balance (i) in the dispersal of flux in the photosphere, (ii) in sustaining the network-like pattern and mixed-polarity character of the network, (iii) in the formation of unipolar areas covering the polar caps, and (iv) on the potential formation of large numbers of very small concentrations by incomplete cancellation. Based on the model, we estimate that as much flux is cancelled as is present in quiet-network elements with fluxes exceeding approximate to 2 x 10(18) Mr in 1.5 to 3 days, which is compatible with earlier observational estimates. This timescale is close to the timescale for flux replacement by emergence in ephemeral regions, so that this appears to be the most important source of flux for the quiet-Sun network; based on the model, we cannot put significant constraints on the amount of flux that is injected on scales that are substantially smaller than that of the ephemeral regions. We establish that ephemeral regions originate in the convection zone and are not merely the result of the reemergence of previously cancelled network flux. We also point out that the quiet, mixed-polarity network is generated locally and that only any relatively small polarity excess is the result of flux dispersal from active regions. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV UTRECHT, ASTRON INST, NL-3508 TA UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. RP Schrijver, CJ (reprint author), STANFORD LOCKHEED INST SPACE RES, DEPT H112, BLDG 252, 3251 HANOVER ST, PALO ALTO, CA 94304 USA. NR 47 TC 283 Z9 284 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1997 VL 487 IS 1 BP 424 EP 436 DI 10.1086/304581 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XY506 UT WOS:A1997XY50600040 ER PT J AU Zombeck, MV Barbera, M Collura, A Murray, SS AF Zombeck, MV Barbera, M Collura, A Murray, SS TI An explanation of the ROAST high-resolution imager ultraviolet sensitivity SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE instrumentation, detectors; methods, laboratory; methods, observational; X-rays, general AB The UV sensitivity to bright stars observed during operations of the high-resolution imager (HRI) on the X-ray-XUV Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) has been commonly interpreted as a result of enhanced transmission solely in the wavelength range 1500-1700 Angstrom of the HRI's UV/ion shield. We report on recent laboratory UV transmission measurements of HRI flight spare filters that show transmissions much higher than previously assumed for wavelengths longward of approximately 2000 Angstrom. We present a model for the UV response of the HRI based on these measurements. Using this model and the known UV spectra of the A stars Vega (alpha Lyrae, V = +0.03) and beta Carinae (V = +1.68), we successfully predict the observed HRI count rates for these two stars. C1 IST & OSSERVATORIO ASTRON GS VAIANA,I-90134 PALERMO,ITALY. CNR,IST APPLICAZ INTERDISCIPLINARI FIS,I-90123 PALERMO,ITALY. RP Zombeck, MV (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI collura, alfonso/0000-0001-9534-1235 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 1997 VL 487 IS 1 BP L69 EP L72 DI 10.1086/310868 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XY509 UT WOS:A1997XY50900018 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI The art Forger's handbook - Hebborn,E SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 15 BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA XW206 UT WOS:A1997XW20600036 ER PT J AU Lum, KSK Mohr, JJ Barret, D Grindlay, JE Manandhar, RP AF Lum, KSK Mohr, JJ Barret, D Grindlay, JE Manandhar, RP TI Simulations and measurements of the background encountered by a high-altitude balloon-borne experiment for hard X-ray astronomy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE detectors; astrophysics; X-ray astronomy; gamma-ray astronomy ID PHOSWICH DETECTOR TELESCOPE; EXITE2 AB We have modelled the hard X-ray background expected for a high-altitude balloon flight of the Energetic X-ray Imaging Telescope Experiment (EXITE2), an imaging phoswich detector/telescope for the 20-600 keV energy range. Photon- and neutron-induced contributions to the background are considered. We describe the code and the results of a series of simulations with different shielding configurations. The simulated hard X-ray background for the actual flight configuration agrees reasonably well (within a factor of similar to 2) with the results measured on the first flight of EXITE2 from Palestine, Texas. The measured background flux at 100 keV is similar to 4 x 10(-4) counts cm(-2) s(-1) keV(-1). C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 11 PY 1997 VL 396 IS 3 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(97)00785-7 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA XW947 UT WOS:A1997XW94700005 ER PT J AU Willick, JA Strauss, MA Dekel, A Kolatt, T AF Willick, JA Strauss, MA Dekel, A Kolatt, T TI Maximum likelihood comparisons of Tully-Fisher and redshift data: Constraints on Omega and biasing SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology, observations; galaxies, distances and redshifts ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; COLD DARK-MATTER; 8000 KM S(-1); IRAS-GALAXIES; PECULIAR VELOCITY; DENSITY FIELDS; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; OPTICAL GALAXIES AB We compare Tully-Fisher (TF) data for 838 galaxies within cz = 3000 km s(-1) from the Mark III catalog with the peculiar velocity and density fields predicted from the 1.2 Jy IRAS redshift survey. Our goal is to test the relation between the galaxy density and velocity fields predicted by gravitational instability theory and linear biasing, and thereby to estimate beta(I)=Omega(0.6)/b(I) where b(I) is the linear bias parameter for IRAS galaxies on a 300 km s(-1) scale. Adopting the IRAS velocity and density fields as a prior model, we maximize the likelihood of the raw TF observables, taking into account the full range of selection effects and properly treating triple-valued zones in the redshift-distance relation. This method is more general and correct than simply minimizing TF residuals with respect to the velocity field model. Extensive tests with realistic, simulated galaxy catalogs demonstrate that the method produces unbiased estimates of beta(I) and its error. When we apply the method to the real data, we model the presence of a small but significant velocity quadrupole residual (similar to 3.3% of Hubble flow), which we argue is due to density fluctuations incompletely sampled by IRAS. The method then yields a maximum likelihood estimate beta(I) = 0.49 +/- 0.07 (1 sigma error). We discuss the constraints on Omega and biasing that follow from this estimate of beta(I) if we assume a COBE-normalized, cold dark matter power spectrum. Our model also yields the one-dimensional noise in the velocity field, including IRAS prediction errors, which we find to be 125 +/- 20 km s(-1). We define a chi(2)-like statistic, chi(xi)(2), that measures the coherence of residuals between the TF data and the IRAS model. In contrast to maximum likelihood, this statistic can identify poor fits but is relatively insensitive to the best beta(I). As measured by chi(xi)(2), the IRAS model does not fit the data well without accounting for the residual quadrupole; when the quadrupole is added, the fit is acceptable for 0.3 less than or equal to beta(I) less than or equal to 0.9. We discuss this in view of the Davis, Nusser, & Willick analysis that questions the consistency of the TF data and IRAS-predicted velocity field. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT ASTROPHYS SCI, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, RACAH INST PHYS, IL-91904 JERUSALEM, ISRAEL. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, CTR PARTICLE ASTROPHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ, UNIV CALIF OBSERV, LICK OBSERV, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064 USA. UNIV TOKYO, DEPT ASTRON, TOKYO 113, JAPAN. RP Willick, JA (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV, DEPT PHYS, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. NR 113 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 2 BP 629 EP 664 DI 10.1086/304551 PN 1 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XX173 UT WOS:A1997XX17300004 ER PT J AU Kalkofen, W AF Kalkofen, W TI Oscillations in chromospheric network bright points SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun, chromosphere; Sun, magnetic fields; Sun, oscillations; waves ID MAGNETIC-FLUX TUBES; LONGITUDINAL-TRANSVERSE WAVES; SOLAR ATMOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; DYNAMICS; SHOCKS; CORONA; LINE; SUN AB Intensity oscillations observed in the H and K lines of Ca II in network bright points in the quiet Sun are interpreted in terms of transverse and longitudinal magnetoacoustic waves propagating upward inside magnetic flux tubes. It is supposed that the waves are generated impulsively in the photosphere as transverse waves. As they propagate upward, their velocity amplitude increases exponentially until they become nonlinear in the chromosphere, where they transfer power to longitudinal waves. The impulsive generation produces waves at the cutoff frequency of transverse waves. On the assumption that this frequency signature is transferred to the longitudinal waves, the magnetic field strength implied by the period observed in the chromosphere is consistent with the Zeeman effect observed in the photosphere. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 37 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 2 BP L145 EP L148 DI 10.1086/310842 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XX174 UT WOS:A1997XX17400019 ER PT J AU Labandeira, CC AF Labandeira, CC TI Permian pollen eating SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP Labandeira, CC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 5 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5331 BP 1422 EP 1423 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XV429 UT WOS:A1997XV42900005 ER PT J AU Seeger, A AF Seeger, A TI Music grooves, essays and dialogues - Keil,C, Feld,S SO AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review RP Seeger, A (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVE SUITE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 SN 0002-7294 J9 AM ANTHROPOL JI Am. Anthropol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 99 IS 3 BP 660 EP 660 DI 10.1525/aa.1997.99.3.660.1 PG 1 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA XV096 UT WOS:A1997XV09600053 ER PT J AU Kudoh, H Whigham, DF AF Kudoh, H Whigham, DF TI Microgeographic genetic structure and gene flow in Hibiscus moscheutos (Malvaceae) populations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE allozyme variation; gene flow; genetic structure; Hibiscus moscheutos; hydrochory; isolation by distance; Malvaceae; population differentiation; wetland plants ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; PLANT-POPULATIONS; SEED DISPERSAL; POLLEN; HYDROCHORY; PATTERNS; DIFFERENTIATION; EVOLUTIONARY; CHLOROPHYLL; BUMBLEBEES AB Microgeographic genetic variation in populations of a wetland macrophyte, Hibiscus moscheutos L. (Malvaceae), was investigated using allozyme polymorphism. The species is a self-compatible insect-pollinated perennial, and seeds are water dispersed (hydrochory). Six hundred plants were analyzed from eight brackish and two freshwater populations within the Rhode River watershed/estuarine system. The genetic structure of the populations was assessed by fixation indices and spatial autocorrelation analyses. The degree of genetic differentiation among sites and gene flow between all paired combinations of sites (M) was analyzed using three hypothetical gene how models. Fixation indices indicated almost complete panmixia within populations, and spatial autocorrelations showed that genotypes were randomly distributed within sites, most likely the result of water dispersal of seeds. Allele frequencies were significantly different among sites, and estimated F-ST indicated moderate genetic differentiation (theta = 0.062). Genetic differences between populations were mostly explained by a gene Bow model that accounted for the location of populations relative to the tidal stream. The importance of hydrochory in affecting spatial genetic structure was thus suggested both within and among H. moscheutos populations. C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. OI Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X NR 67 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 11 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1285 EP 1293 DI 10.2307/2446054 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XZ008 UT WOS:A1997XZ00800015 PM 21708685 ER PT J AU Coltman, DW Bowen, WD Boness, DJ Iverson, SJ AF Coltman, DW Bowen, WD Boness, DJ Iverson, SJ TI Balancing foraging and reproduction in the male harbour seal, an aquatically mating pinniped SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID MALE GRAY SEALS; PHOCA-VITULINA; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; BEHAVIOR; MASS; LACTATION; DISPLAYS; CYCLE AB Aquatically mating male harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, must balance the competing demands of foraging and reproduction while at sea during the breeding season. Time-depth recorders (TDRs) were attached to 31 adult male harbour seals to investigate changes in diving behaviour at Sable Island, Nova Scotia, during the 1992-1994 breeding seasons. Male seals were captured, fitted with TDRs and weighed at the beginning of the season in late May, then recaptured for TDR removal and reweighing at the end of June. Males made deep dives (to maximum depths >20 m) more frequently early in the breeding season, then switched to shallow (less than or equal to 20 m) diving later during the mating period. Deep dives (38.8 +/- 2.2 m; 4.6 +/- 0.1 min) were fairly uniform in shape, appearing flat-bottomed with rapid rates of descent and ascent and long bottom time, but shallow dives (10.5 +/- 0.5 m; 3.0 +/- 0.1 min) were more variable in shape. Rates of mass loss varied inversely with time spent in deep dives, indicating that deep diving behaviour reflects foraging activity. Males lost mass while making shallow dives associated with mating behaviour later in the breeding season. Deep diving occurred more frequently during daylight hours. Shallow dives were predominant at twilight and at night when females are likely to be departing and returning to the island from foraging trips in late lactation. At Sable Island, males may maximize their encounter rates with oestrous females by ceasing to make offshore foraging trips, and increasing the time spent patrolling home ranges and displaying in shallow water near the breeding colony in late lactation. Relatively larger males may have a competitive advantage since they can afford to spend less time making foraging trips away from the concentration of females and more time displaying in shallow water near the shore. (C) 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA, BEDFORD INST OCEANOG, MARINE FISH DIV, DARTMOUTH, NS B2Y 4A2, CANADA. DALHOUSIE UNIV, DEPT BIOL, HALIFAX, NS B3H 4J1, CANADA. SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL ZOOL PK, DEPT ZOOL RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20008 USA. RI Bowen, William/D-2758-2012; Coltman, David/A-4453-2012 OI Coltman, David/0000-0002-1268-2307 NR 26 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 EI 1095-8282 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 54 BP 663 EP 678 DI 10.1006/anbe.1997.0470 PN 3 PG 16 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA XY159 UT WOS:A1997XY15900018 ER PT J AU Gomez, M Whitney, BA Kenyon, SJ AF Gomez, M Whitney, BA Kenyon, SJ TI A survey of optical and near-infrared jets in Taurus embedded sources SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN EMISSION; MODEL SCATTERING ENVELOPES; HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGES; MULTIPLE BOW SHOCKS; T-TAURI; BIPOLAR OUTFLOW; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVIRONMENT; MASS OUTFLOWS AB We describe optical ([S II], 6732 Angstrom) and near-infrared (H-2, 2.122 mu m) imaging observations of 22 embedded protostars in the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud. Our survey identifies 4 new [S II] emission sources and 4 new H-2 sources. We detect three emission knots in both [S n] and H-2 one object with H-2 emission has no [S II] emission. These results increase the number of class I sources with optical or near-IR outflows to 13. We also detect [S II] emission in two additional class II sources, ZZ Tau IRS and IC 2087 IRS. When combined with previous results, the frequency of optical outflows among class II sources, similar to 10%, is much smaller than the frequency among class I sources, greater than or similar to 60%. The large difference in the frequency of optical and molecular outflows indicates that outflow activity decreases with age among pre-main-sequence stars. The jets in the Taurus-Auriga protostars are poorly collimated, with multiple knots indicative of large opening angles, similar to 10 degrees-40 degrees. The image morphologies are complex and suggest a time dependence in the direction of ejection. A simple precessing jet can account for the sinusoidal chain of [S II] knots-HH 31-associated with 04248+2612. The precessing jets, together with the good alignment between the axes of the jets, molecular outflows, and reflection nebulae, support current models where jets produce molecular outflows and bipolar cavities in the dense infalling cloud cores surrounding class I sources. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Gomez, M (reprint author), OBSERV ASTRON, LAPRIDA 854, RA-5000 CORDOBA, ARGENTINA. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 135 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1138 EP + DI 10.1086/118545 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XU632 UT WOS:A1997XU63200025 ER PT J AU Cheng, FH Sion, EM Horne, K Hubeny, I Huang, M Vrtilek, SD AF Cheng, FH Sion, EM Horne, K Hubeny, I Huang, M Vrtilek, SD TI HST synthetic spectral analysis of U Gem in early and late quiescence: A heated white dwarf and accretion belt SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HOPKINS-ULTRAVIOLET-TELESCOPE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; NOVA VW HYDRI; GEMINORUM; SUPEROUTBURST; ATMOSPHERES; OUTBURSTS AB We have re-examined two archival HST FOS G130H spectra of the prototype dwarf nova U Geminorum obtained during its quiescence 13 days and 70 days after a wide outburst. Using synthetic spectral fitting with two flux-emitting components, a slowly rotating white dwarf photosphere, and a rapidly spinning accretion belt(V-rot sin i=3200 km s(-1)) significantly improves the spectral fit but does not provide a unique solution. We found clear evidence for the cooling of the white dwarf, confirming earlier results, and evidence for the cooling of the accretion belt or gas in Keplerian motion as well. If an accretion belt is really present, then for the white dwarf and belt, respectively, 13 days post-outburst, we find T-wd=37 000+/-400 K and T-belt=45 000+/-2500 K, while at 70 days post outburst, we find T-wd=33 500+/-700 K and T-belt=37 500+/-4000 K. These results are compared with our HST GHRS G160M observations obtained 13 days and 61 days after a narrow outburst of U Gem. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 VILLANOVA UNIV,VILLANOVA,PA 19085. UNIV ST ANDREWS,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,ST ANDREWS KY16 9SS,FIFE,SCOTLAND. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1165 EP 1169 DI 10.1086/118547 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XU632 UT WOS:A1997XU63200027 ER PT J AU BohmVitense, E Evans, NR Carpenter, K Morgan, S BeckWinchatz, B Robinson, R AF BohmVitense, E Evans, NR Carpenter, K Morgan, S BeckWinchatz, B Robinson, R TI The dynamical mass of the beat Cepheid Y Carinae and stellar opacities SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STARS; LUMINOSITY; MODELS; TABLES; RADII; ORBIT; SCALE AB The beat Cepheid, Y Carinae A, has a B9 V companion, Y Car B, The primary period P-0 of the Cepheid is 3.64 days and the secondary, P-1, is 2.56 days. Its period ratio P-1/P-0 is thus 0.703. Y Car is the only beat Cepheid known to be a binary and thus offers us the unique opportunity to determine the dynamical mass for a beat Cepheid. We have determined its mass by measuring the orbital velocity amplitude of the hot companion Y Car B using the Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) with the G200M grating on the Hobble Space Telescope. When combined with the ground-based orbital velocity amplitude of the Cepheid and the mass of the companion, the implied mass of the Cephieid is M=3.8+/-1.2 M.. With the Cepheid luminosity given by the period-luminosity relation, this mass, taken at face value, indicates excess mixing in the main sequence progenitor corresponding to convective overshoot by about 0.9 pressure scale height, however, the large error bars prevent a firm conclusion. As shown by Simon the period ratio for beat Cepheids depends sensitively on the opacities. For models calculated with Cox-Tabor opacities the period ratios for beat Cepheids indicate masses between one and two M.. Models calculated with the new Livermore OPAL opacities on the ether hand indicate masses around 4 solar masses. The good agreement of the beat mass with the dynamical mass, determined here for Y Car, provides a confirmation that the OPAL opacities are a significant improvement over the Cox-Tabor (1976) opacities. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 681,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV NO IOWA,CEDAR FALLS,IA 50614. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,COMP SCI CORP,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP BohmVitense, E (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ASTRON,BOX 351580,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. RI Carpenter, Kenneth/D-4740-2012 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1176 EP 1182 DI 10.1086/118549 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XU632 UT WOS:A1997XU63200029 ER PT J AU Lacy, CHS Torres, G Latham, DW Zakirov, MM Arzumanyants, GC AF Lacy, CHS Torres, G Latham, DW Zakirov, MM Arzumanyants, GC TI Absolute dimensions and masses of IT Cassiopeiae SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL STRUCTURE CONSTANTS; ECLIPSING BINARY; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; STELLAR MODELS; STARS AB Accurate masses and radii have been determined from new spectroscopic and photometric observations and from previously published photometric observations and times of minima of this pair of F5 V stars. Previous reports of delta Scuti variations by the components appear to be erroneous. IT Cas has an eccentric orbit, but existing observations cover too small a fraction of the apsidal motion variations to fit an accurate apsidal period, which is estimated to be 2200 years based on theoretical models, These models give an age near 2 billion years for the binary star. Then is a small amount of color excess due to interstellar reddening. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. ASTRON INST ASTRONOMICHESKAYA,CIS,TASHKENT 700052,UZBEKISTAN. RP Lacy, CHS (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT PHYS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1206 EP 1220 DI 10.1086/118553 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XU632 UT WOS:A1997XU63200033 ER PT J AU Rioja, MJ Marcaide, JM Elosegui, P Shapiro, II AF Rioja, MJ Marcaide, JM Elosegui, P Shapiro, II TI Results from a decade-long VLBI astrometric monitoring of the pair of quasars 1038+528 A and B SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrometry and celestial mechanics: instrumentation: interferometers; astrometry; galaxies: quasars; radio continuum: galaxies ID BASELINE RADIO INTERFEROMETRY; PROPER MOTION; ANGULAR SEPARATION; GEODESY AB We present results from three epochs, spanning nearly a decade, of VLBI monitoring of the angular separation between the quasars 1038+528 A and B. Our observations, made simultaneously at lambda 3.6 cm and lambda 13 cm, achieve submilliarcsecond (submas) precision in the measurement of the similar to 33 '' separation between the two quasars. We detected changes in this angular separation of nearly 0.2 mas. These changes can be explained wholly, or mostly, by the motion of the reference feature used in quasar B which appears to be a component in the jet, separating from the core at a speed near c. We also conclude that any proper motion of quasar A is less than 10 mu as yr(-1). There is an intriguing hint of a ''jitter'' in the position of the peak brightness of this quasar, but the signal-to-noise ratio is too low for us to draw a firm conclusion. C1 JIVE, NL-7990 AA DWINGELOO, NETHERLANDS. UNIV VALENCIA, DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS, E-46100 BURJASSOT, VALENCIA, SPAIN. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Rioja, MJ (reprint author), CSIC, INST ASTROFIS ANDALUCIA, APARTADO 3004, E-18080 GRANADA, SPAIN. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 325 IS 1 BP 383 EP 390 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XV265 UT WOS:A1997XV26500043 ER PT J AU Matt, G Guainazzi, M Frontera, F Bassani, L Brandt, WN Fabian, AC Fiore, F Haardt, F Iwasawa, K Maiolino, R Malaguti, G Marconi, A Matteuzzi, A Molendi, S Perola, GC Piraino, S Piro, L AF Matt, G Guainazzi, M Frontera, F Bassani, L Brandt, WN Fabian, AC Fiore, F Haardt, F Iwasawa, K Maiolino, R Malaguti, G Marconi, A Matteuzzi, A Molendi, S Perola, GC Piraino, S Piro, L TI Hard X-ray detection of NGC 1068 with BeppoSAX SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Letter DE X-rays: galaxies; galaxies: Seyfert; galaxies: individual: NGC1068 ID NGC-1068; GALAXY; NGC-4945; TORUS AB We report on the first detection above similar to 10 keV of the archetypal Compton-thick Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068. This detection, obtained with the PDS instrument onboard BeppoSAX in the 20-100 keV range, confirms the hardness of the X-ray spectrum above a few keV (as indicated by ASCA observations) and supports models envisaging a mixture of both neutral and ionized reflections of an otherwise invisible nuclear continuum, the neutral reflection component being the dominant one in hard X-rays. C1 SAX SDC NUOVA TELESPAZIO, I-00131 ROME, ITALY. CNR, IST TECNOL & STUDIO RADIAZ EXTRATERR, I-40129 BOLOGNA, ITALY. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV CAMBRIDGE, INST ASTRON, CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA, ENGLAND. OSSERV ASTRON ROMA, I-00044 MONTEPORZIO CATON, ITALY. UNIV MILAN, DIPARTIMENTO FIS, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. UNIV FLORENCE, DIPARTIMENTO ASTRON & SCI SPAZIO, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. IST FIS COSM & TECNOL RELAT, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. IST FIS COSM & APPLICAZ INFORMAT, I-90146 PALERMO, ITALY. CNR, IST ASTROFIS SPAZIALE, I-00044 FRASCATI, ITALY. RP Matt, G (reprint author), UNIV STUDI ROMA TRE, DIPARTIMENTO FIS E AMALDI, VIA DELA VASCA NAVALE 84, I-00146 ROME, ITALY. RI Marconi, Alessandro/C-5880-2009; PIRO, LUIGI/E-4954-2013; Brandt, William/N-2844-2015 OI Marconi, Alessandro/0000-0002-9889-4238; PIRO, LUIGI/0000-0003-4159-3984; Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453 NR 22 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 325 IS 2 BP L13 EP L16 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XX190 UT WOS:A1997XX19000001 ER PT J AU Zaroubi, S Zehavi, I Dekel, A Hoffman, Y Kolatt, T AF Zaroubi, S Zehavi, I Dekel, A Hoffman, Y Kolatt, T TI Large-scale power spectrum from peculiar velocities via likelihood analysis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, theory; galaxies, clusters, general; galaxies, distances and redshifts; large scale structure of universe; methods, statistical ID MASS FLUCTUATIONS; REDSHIFT SPACE; HUBBLE FLOW; ANISOTROPIES; AMPLITUDE; UNIVERSE; FIELDS AB The power spectrum (PS) of mass density fluctuations, independent of ''biasing,'' is estimated from the Mark III catalog of peculiar velocities using Bayesian statistics. A parametric model is assumed for the PS, and the free parameters are determined by maximizing the probability of the model given the data. The method has been tested using detailed mock catalogs. It has been applied to generalized CDM models with and without COBE normalization. The robust result for all the models is a relatively high PS, with P(k)Omega(1.2) = (4.8 +/- 1.5) x 10(3)(h(-1) Mpc)(3) at k = 0.1 h Mpc(-1). An extrapolation to smaller scales using the different CDM models yields sigma(8) Omega(0.6) = 0.88 +/- 0.15. The peak is weakly constrained to the range 0.02 less than or equal to k less than or equal to 0.06 h Mpc(-1). These results are consistent with a direct computation of the PS. When compared to galaxy-density surveys, the implied values for beta (=Omega(0.6)/b) are of order unity to within 25%. The parameters of the COBE-normalized, flat CDM model are confined by a 90% likelihood contour of the sort Omega h(50)(mu)n(nu) = 0.8 +/- 0.2 where mu = 1.3 and nu = 3.4, 2.0 for models with and without tensor fluctuations, respectively. For open CDM the powers are mu = 0.95 and nu = 1.4 (no tensor fluctuations). A Gamma-shape model free of COBE normalization yields only a weak constraint: Gamma = 0.4 +/- 0.2. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR PARTICLE ASTROPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,RACAH INST PHYS,IL-91904 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,UNIV CALIF OBSERV,LICK OBSERV,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. RP Zaroubi, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 34 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1086/304481 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT968 UT WOS:A1997XT96800002 ER PT J AU Iler, AL Schachter, JF Birkinshaw, M AF Iler, AL Schachter, JF Birkinshaw, M TI Radio polarization in EGRET blazars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects, general; galaxies, active; gamma rays, observations; quasars, general ID ACTIVE GALAXIES AB We demonstrate a new way to search for blazars by correlating the positions of gamma-ray sources from the Second EGRET Catalog, and polarized radio sources from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory Very Large Array Sky Survey. Using this survey, we first investigated the radio polarization properties of Angel & Stockman blazars and concluded that blazars have a characteristic radio polarization at 1.4 GHz, P-1.4 > 1%. Using this information and the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, we were successful in reconfirming 14 of 18 known EGRET blazars. In addition, 12 potential identifications, eight of which are unique to this paper, were made for unidentified or low-confidence identification EGRET objects. We suggest four new plausible associations for gamma-ray sources previously identified with AGNs in the Second EGRET Catalog. Finally, one low-confidence AGN suggested by Thompson and coworkers is found to be an unlikely identification. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 1 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1086/304500 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT968 UT WOS:A1997XT96800012 ER PT J AU Polomski, E Vennes, S Thorstensen, JR Mathioudakis, M Falco, EE AF Polomski, E Vennes, S Thorstensen, JR Mathioudakis, M Falco, EE TI Faint sources in the EUVE survey: Identification of white dwarfs, active late-type stars, and galactic nuclei SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, active; stars, activity; stars, late-type; ultraviolet, stars; white dwarfs; X-rays, stars ID BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; QUASAR ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; EINSTEIN SLEW SURVEY; X-RAY PROPERTIES; ALL-SKY SURVEY; T-TAURI STARS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; SAMPLE; DISCOVERY AB We report the classification of 21 new extreme-ultraviolet sources from the recent catalog of Lampton et al. The optical spectra presented identify the objects as 14 active late-type stars (including two double active stars and a possible T Tauri star), three white dwarfs, and six active galactic nuclei (a Seyfert galaxy, the BL Lac object 1ES 1028 + 511 [=EUVE J1031+508], and four quasi-stellar objects). We have detected Ca II absorption lines in the BL Lac object and measured its redshift. Two of the white dwarfs are unusually massive (M > 1.1 M.). Our sample of late-type stars includes live previously known high proper motion objects (EUVE J1004 + 503, J2244 - 332A,B, J1802 + 642, and J1131 - 346), of which one is the well-known flare star TX PsA (EUVE J2244 - 332B). We report an unusually high level of activity for the primary component of the TX PsA system (EUVE J2244 - 332A), which may indicate flare activity. The group of late-type stars is on average almost 3 mag fainter ([m] approximate to 13) than the typical member of the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) all-sky survey catalog. All Galactic and extragalactic objects were also detected in the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter survey, and most are at the faint limit of the EUVE detectors. These new identifications substantially increase the total number of EW-selected extragalactic sources. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR EUV ASTROPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. DARTMOUTH COLL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,WILDER LAB 6127,HANOVER,NH 03755. QUEENS UNIV BELFAST,DEPT PURE & APPL PHYS,BELFAST BT7 1NN,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,OPT & INFRARED ASTRON DIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Polomski, E (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ASTRON,BRYANT SPACE SCI CTR 211,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. RI Vennes, Stephane/G-9903-2014 NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 1 BP 179 EP 196 DI 10.1086/304495 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT968 UT WOS:A1997XT96800018 ER PT J AU Mahadevan, R Narayan, R Krolik, J AF Mahadevan, R Narayan, R Krolik, J TI Gamma-ray emission from advection-dominated accretion flows around black holes: Application to the galactic center SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; Galaxy, center; gamma rays, theory ID PRODUCTION SPECTRUM; SAGITTARIUS-A; MODEL; GALAXY; RADIATION; DISK; GAS AB We calculate the flux and spectrum of gamma-rays emitted by a two-temperature advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) around a black hole. The gamma-rays are from the decay of neutral pions produced through proton-proton collisions. We discuss both thermal and power-law distributions of proton energies and show that the gamma-ray spectra in the two cases are very different. We apply the calculations to the gamma-ray source, 2EG 51746-2852, detected by EGRET from the direction of the Galactic center. We show that the flux and spectrum of this source are consistent with emission from an ADAF around the supermassive accreting black hole Sgr A* if the proton distribution is a power law. The model uses accretion parameters within the range made likely by other considerations. If this model is correct, it provides evidence for the presence of a two-temperature plasma in Sgr A* and predicts gamma-ray fluxes from other accreting black holes that could be observed with more sensitive detectors. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP Mahadevan, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 37 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 1 BP 268 EP 275 DI 10.1086/304499 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT968 UT WOS:A1997XT96800025 ER PT J AU Ostriker, EC AF Ostriker, EC TI Self-similar magnetocentrifugal disk winds with cylindrical asymptotics SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; ISM, jets and outflows; MHD; stars, pre-main-sequence ID SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; DRIVEN RELATIVISTIC JETS; ACCRETION DISKS; STAR FORMATION; YOUNG STARS; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; BIPOLAR FLOWS; STELLAR; MODEL AB We construct a two-parameter family of models for self-collimated, magnetized outflows from accretion disks. As in previous magnetocentrifugal wind solutions, a flow at zero initial poloidal speed leaves the surface of a disk in Kepler rotation about a central star, and it is accelerated and redirected toward the pole by rotating, helical magnetic fields that thread the disk. At large distances from the disk, the how streamlines asymptote to wrap around the surfaces of nested cylinders, with velocity upsilon and magnetic field B directed in the axial ((z) over cap) and toroidal (<(phi)over cap>) directions. In the asymptotic regime, the velocity secularly decreases with cylindrical radius R from the inside to the outside of the how because successive streamlines originate in the circumstellar disk in successively shallower portions of the stellar potential. In contrast to previous disk wind modeling, we have explicitly implemented the cylindrical asymptotic boundary condition to examine the consequences for flow dynamics. The present solutions are developed within the context of r-self-similar flows, such that upsilon, the density rho, and B scale with spherical radius r as upsilon proportional to r(-1/2), rho proportional to r(-q), and B proportional to r(-(1+q)/2); q must be smaller than unity in order to achieve cylindrical collimation. We self-consistently obtain the shapes of magnetic field lines and the theta-dependence of all how quantities. The solutions are characterized by q together with the ratios R-A/R-1 and R-0/R-1, where for a given streamline, R-0 is the radius of its footpoint in the disk, R-A is the cylindrical radius where the flow makes an Alfven transition, and R-1 is its final asymptotic cylindrical radius. For given q and R-0/R-1, R-A/R-1 must be found as an eigenvalue such that the Alfven transition is made smoothly. In the solutions we have found, the asymptotic poloidal speed upsilon(z) on any streamline is typically just a few tenths of the Kepler speed Omega R-0 at the corresponding disk footpoint, while the asymptotic rotation speed upsilon(phi) may be a few tenths to several tenths of Omega R-0. The asymptotic toroidal Alfven speed upsilon(A,phi) = B-phi/(4 pi rho)(1/2) is, however, a few times Omega R-0; thus the outflows remain magnetically dominated, never making a fast-MHD transition. We discuss the implications of these models for interpretations of observed optical jets and molecular outflows from young stellar systems, and we suggest that the difficulty of achieving strong collimation in vector velocity simultaneously with a final speed comparable to Omega R-0 argues against isolated jets and in favor of models with broader winds. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ASTRON, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP Ostriker, EC (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 65 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 1 BP 291 EP 306 DI 10.1086/304513 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT968 UT WOS:A1997XT96800027 ER PT J AU Bergin, EA Langer, WD AF Bergin, EA Langer, WD TI Chemical evolution in preprotostellar and protostellar cores SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, molecules; molecular processes; stars, formation; stars, pre-main-sequence ID NEUTRAL-NEUTRAL REACTIONS; DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; INTER-STELLAR CLOUDS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; THERMAL BALANCE; STAR-FORMATION; CHEMISTRY; MODELS; PROTOSTARS; GRAINS AB The chemistry of developing and collapsing low-mass protostellar cores is followed using a chemical code with a time-varying density. Two evolutionary scenarios are represented, gravitational collapse in the presence of magnetic fields and the slow core growth by accretion near equilibrium. The chemical code includes gas-phase reactions and depletion onto grains with both CO and H2O ice mantles. We find that various species will selectively deplete from the gas phase at times that correspond to the middle to late stages of dynamical evolution when the densities are highest. These depletions do not depend in detail on the dynamical solution and should exist for any centrally condensed density profile. Sulfur-bearing molecules are particularly sensitive to the density increase: CS, SO, and C2S show significant depletions both on a strongly bound water mantle and on the weakly bound GO-covered grain surface. In contrast, CO and HCO+ show large depletions only for an H2O grain mantle and remain in the gas phase for models with CO grain mantles. Two species, NH3 and N2H+, do not deplete from the gas phase for the densities considered in our models. We also find that for very high densities, n(H2) > 10(6) cm(-3) depletion becomes important for all molecules. The effects of coupling chemistry and dynamics on the resulting physical evolution are discussed. We compare our results with current high-resolution observations of preprotostellar cores and to more evolved objects and suggest that ratios of the abundances of few species can be used in concert with our models as sensitive discriminators between different stages of core and star formation. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP Bergin, EA (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,MS-66,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 40 TC 279 Z9 279 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 1 BP 316 EP 328 DI 10.1086/304510 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT968 UT WOS:A1997XT96800029 ER PT J AU Yi, I Narayan, R AF Yi, I Narayan, R TI Lithium production in hot advection-dominated accretion flows in soft X-ray transients SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; stars, abundances; stars, neutron; X-rays, stars ID LATE-TYPE BINARIES; BLACK-HOLE; NOVA GS-2000+25; COSMIC-RAYS; STARS; ORIGIN; DISKS; MODEL; LINE; MASS AB High Li abundances have been reported in the late-type secondaries of five soft X-ray transients (SXTs): V404 Cyg, A0620-00, GS 2000+25, Nova Mus 1991, and Cen X-4. Since Li is likely to be depleted in stars of this type, the origin of the Li is puzzling. Li has not been seen in similar secondaries of cataclysmic variables, which suggests that the high Li abundance is not due to an anomalous suppression of Li depletion in close binaries. SXTs in the quiescent state have been modeled in terms of hot advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs), in which the ions are essentially at virial temperature. At such temperatures, Li production via a-a spallation is possible. We show that ADAFs can produce sufficient Li via spallation to explain the observations in the black hole SXTs V404 Cyg, A0620-00, GS 2000 + 25, and Nova Mus 1991. If this explanation is correct, it is the first independent confirmation that accretion flows in quiescent SXTs have a two-temperature plasma with ion temperature much higher than electron temperature. Depending on the Li depletion timescale in the secondary, which may range between 10(7)-10(9) yr, the model requires similar to 10(-4) to 10(-6) of the accreted mass to be intercepted by the secondary after undergoing Li production and being ejected. In the case of the neutron star SXT, Cen X-4, we can explain the observed Li only if the mass-accretion rate is similar to 10(-3) times the Eddington rate and if there is enhanced ejection due to a propeller effect. We discuss possible observational tests of this proposal. Li production during outbursts could be quite important and may even dominate over the production during quiescence, but the estimate of the Li yield is uncertain. We calculate the expected luminosity in gamma-ray lines due to the production of excited Li and Be nuclei, but conclude that the line cannot be detected with current instruments. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Yi, I (reprint author), INST ADV STUDY,OLDEN LANE,PRINCETON,NJ 08540, USA. OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 63 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 1 BP 363 EP 371 DI 10.1086/304492 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT968 UT WOS:A1997XT96800033 ER PT J AU Stancil, PC Kirby, K Sannigrahi, AB Buenker, RJ Hirsch, G Gu, JP AF Stancil, PC Kirby, K Sannigrahi, AB Buenker, RJ Hirsch, G Gu, JP TI The photodissociation of SiH+ in interstellar clouds and stellar atmospheres SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, molecules; molecular data; molecular processes; stars, atmospheres ID PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; CONTINUOUS OPACITY; SILICON; CH+; TRANSITIONS; ABSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEM; STARS; RATES AB Using a combination of both theoretical and experimentally derived potential curves and dipole transition moments, photodissociation cross sections have been calculated for the SiH+ molecule. From the v '' = 0 level of the X (1) Sigma(+) ground state, with a threshold energy of 3.256 eV, dissociation occurs through the A (1) Pi state producing Si+ (3p P-2) and H atoms. For energies above 9.45 eV, photodissociation through the 2 (1) Pi state yields excited neutral Si (3p(2 1)D) and protons. Excited Si+ (3s3p(2 2)D) and H atoms are produced above 10.08 eV by dissociation through 3 (1) Sigma(+) and 3 (1) Pi. The 2 (1) Sigma(+) and 4 (1) Pi states are found to be negligible dissociation channels. Photodissociation cross sections as a function of energy and photodissociation rates in the interstellar radiation held for both diffuse and dense molecular clouds are presented. Photodissociation cross sections from LTE distributions of vibrational and rotational levels of the X (1) Sigma(+) state to the A (1) Pi state are also obtained for temperatures between 1000 and 9000 K. Their possible contribution to a missing opacity source in the near-ultraviolet spectra of red giant stars is discussed. C1 UNIV NEVADA, DEPT PHYS, WM KECK LAB COMPUTAT PHYS, LAS VEGAS, NV 89154 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. BERG UNIV GESAMTHSCH WUPPERTAL, D-42097 WUPPERTAL, GERMANY. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 1 BP 574 EP 579 DI 10.1086/304520 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT968 UT WOS:A1997XT96800051 ER PT J AU Ford, EC Kaaret, P Chen, K Tavani, M Barret, D Bloser, P Grindlay, J Harmon, BA Paciesas, WS Zhang, SN AF Ford, EC Kaaret, P Chen, K Tavani, M Barret, D Bloser, P Grindlay, J Harmon, BA Paciesas, WS Zhang, SN TI Energy spectra and high-frequency oscillations in 4U 0614+091 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars, individual (4U 0614t-091); stars, neutron; X-rays, stars ID X-RAY SOURCES; ACCRETION DISKS; NEUTRON STARS AB We investigate the behavior of the high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in 4U 0614+091, combining timing and spectral analyses of RXTE observations. The energy spectra of the source can be described by a power law (alpha similar to 2.8) and a blackbody (kT similar to 1.5 keV), with the blackbody accounting for 10%-20% of the total energy flux. We find a robust correlation of the frequency, v, of the higher frequency QPO near 1 kHz with the flux of the blackbody, F-BB The slope of this correlation, d log v/d log F-BB,, is 0.27-0.37. The source follows the same relation even in observations separated by several months. The QPO frequency does not have a similarly unique correlation with the total flux or the flux of the power-law component. The rms fraction of the higher frequency QPO rises with energy from 6.8% +/- 1.5% (3-5 keV) to 21.3% +/- 4.0% (10-12 keV). For the lower frequency QPO, however, it is consistent with a constant value of 5.4% +/- 0.9%. The results may be interpreted in terms of a beat-frequency model for the production of the high-frequency QPOs. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,COLUMBIA ASTROPHYS LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10027. CTR ETUD SPATIALE RAYONNEMENTS,F-31028 TOULOUSE 4,FRANCE. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV ALABAMA,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899. NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,ES 84,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. RP Ford, EC (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,538 W 120TH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10027, USA. NR 30 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 1 BP L47 EP L50 DI 10.1086/310827 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT969 UT WOS:A1997XT96900012 ER PT J AU Greenhill, LJ Herrnstein, JR Moran, JM Menten, KM Velusamy, T AF Greenhill, LJ Herrnstein, JR Moran, JM Menten, KM Velusamy, T TI A search for H2O maser emission toward active galactic nuclei: Discovery of a nuclear maser source in NGC 3735 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, active; galaxies, individual (NGC 3735); galaxies, nuclei; masers ID X-RAY; GALAXIES AB We report the results of a survey for H2O maser emission in the 6(16)-5(23) transition at 1.35 cm wavelength in 29 active galactic nuclei (AGNs). One new maser was detected. The detection rate among objects with recessional velocities <7000 km s(-1) is consistent with rates reported elsewhere for similarly nearby objects (about one in 15). The new maser lies in the edge-on Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 3735 (inclination 77 degrees) within 10 km s(-1) of the systemic velocity. No other emission has been identified at velocities within +/-500 km s(-1) of the systemic velocity. The maser is coincident with the radio continuum peak of the nucleus at 6 and 3.6 cm wavelengths to within the estimated 1 sigma astrometric uncertainty of 0''.1 (15 pc at a distance of 30 Mpc). C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP Greenhill, LJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 1 BP L15 EP L18 DI 10.1086/310824 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT969 UT WOS:A1997XT96900004 ER PT J AU Marcaide, JM Alberdi, A Ros, E Diamond, P Shapiro, II Guirado, JC Jones, DL Mantovani, F PerezTorres, MA Preston, RA Schilizzi, RT Sramek, RA Trigilio, C VanDyk, SD Weiler, KW Whitney, AR AF Marcaide, JM Alberdi, A Ros, E Diamond, P Shapiro, II Guirado, JC Jones, DL Mantovani, F PerezTorres, MA Preston, RA Schilizzi, RT Sramek, RA Trigilio, C VanDyk, SD Weiler, KW Whitney, AR TI Deceleration in the expansion of SN 1993J SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; galaxies, individual (NGC 3031, M81); radio continuum, stars; supernovae, individual (SN 19935); techniques, interferometric ID SUPERNOVA 1993J; CIRCUMSTELLAR INTERACTION; RADIO SUPERNOVAE; IIB SUPERNOVA; X-RAYS; SN-1993J; EMISSION; MODEL; EJECTA; SHELL AB A rarity among supernova, SN 1993J in M81 can be studied with high spatial resolution. Its radio power and distance permit VLBI observations to monitor the expansion of its angular structure. This radio structure was previously revealed to be shell-like and to be undergoing a self-similar expansion at a constant rate. From VLBI observations at wavelengths of 3.6 and 6 cm in the period 6-42 months after explosion, we have discovered that the expansion is decelerating. Our measurement of this deceleration yields estimates of the density profiles of the supernova ejecta and circumstellar material in standard supernova explosion models. C1 INST NACL TECNICA AEROESPACIAL,LAB ASTROFIS ESPACIAL & FIS FUNDAMENTAL,MADRID 28080,SPAIN. CSIC,INST ASTROFIS ANDALUCIA,E-18080 GRANADA,SPAIN. NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,SOCORRO,NM 87801. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. CNR,IST RADIOASTRON,I-40129 BOLOGNA,ITALY. JOINT INST VLBI EUROPE,NL-7990 AA DWINGELOO,NETHERLANDS. LEIDEN OBSERV,NL-2300 RA LEIDEN,NETHERLANDS. CNR,IST RADIOASTRON,I-96017 NOTO,ITALY. USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,COD 7214,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. MIT,HAYSTACK OBSERV,WESTFORD,MA 01886. RP Marcaide, JM (reprint author), UNIV VALENCIA,DEPT ASTRON,E-46100 BURJASSOT,SPAIN. OI Ros, Eduardo/0000-0001-9503-4892; Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 25 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 1 BP L31 EP & DI 10.1086/310830 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT969 UT WOS:A1997XT96900008 ER PT J AU NoriegaCrespo, A Garnavich, PM Curiel, S Raga, AC Ayala, S AF NoriegaCrespo, A Garnavich, PM Curiel, S Raga, AC Ayala, S TI The proper motions of the warm molecular hydrogen gas in Herbig-Haro 1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, individual (HH 1); ISM, jets and outflows; ISM, molecules; stars, formation ID HH OBJECTS; BOW SHOCKS; COMPLEX; OUTFLOWS; JET; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; KINEMATICS; EMISSION; FLOW AB We have measured the proper motions of three molecular hydrogen (v = 1-0 2.121 mu m) knots in the Herbig-Haro 1 object using a 4.4 yr baseline (1992-1997). The HH 1F knot, which probably corresponds to the tip of the working surface of HH 1, has a proper motion of 0,19 +/- 0.10 (arcsec yr(-1)) and a position angle of 315(-25)(+29) deg. This motion is comparable to that determined in the atomic emission lines of H alpha and [S II] lambda lambda 6717/31, and confirms that the warm molecular H-2 gas is partaking of the same motion as the atomic/ionic gas. C1 JET PROPULS LAB,PASADENA,CA 91125. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,INST ASTRON,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. RP NoriegaCrespo, A (reprint author), CALTECH,CTR INFRARED PROC & ANAL,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 486 IS 1 BP L55 EP L58 DI 10.1086/310834 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT969 UT WOS:A1997XT96900014 ER PT J AU Barsony, M Kenyon, SJ Lada, EA Teuben, PJ AF Barsony, M Kenyon, SJ Lada, EA Teuben, PJ TI A near-infrared imaging survey of the rho Ophiuchi cloud core SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE infrared, stars; ISM, clouds; ISM, individual (rho Ophiuchi); open clusters and associations, individual (rho Ophiuchi); stars, formation; surveys ID DARK-CLOUD; SCORPIO-CENTAURUS; CLUSTER; STARS; POPULATION; DISCOVERY; (CO)-C-13; COBWEBS; COMPLEX AB We present results of the largest three-color near-infrared (NIR) imaging survey of the rho Ophiuchi star-forming cloud core to date. The survey covers 1 deg(2), which corresponds to a projected area of similar to 2.2 pc x 2.2 pc at the distance of the Ophiuchus clouds (125 +/- 25 pc). Mapping was carried out in the J (1.25 mu m), H (1.63 mu m), and K (2.22 mu m) bands, to 90%, 10 sigma completeness limits of J = 15.0, H = 14.5, and K = 14.0. We have cataloged 4495 sources, of which 2070 have K less than or equal to 14.0 and 2425 more either have 5 sigma or better detections in the K band (for 14.0 less than or equal to K less than or equal to 14.5) or have 4 sigma or better detections in at least two of the three survey bands (for K greater than or equal to 14.5). We present accurate astrometry and photometry for all identified sources. We also tabulate cross-identification for 449 previously observed NIR sources. Using the cross-identifications, we derive linear transformations between the differing photometric systems and use rather strict criteria to identify NIR variables. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ASTRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ASTRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Barsony, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT PHYS,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 29 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 112 IS 1 BP 109 EP 191 DI 10.1086/313029 PG 83 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XV264 UT WOS:A1997XV26400004 ER PT J AU Buscalioni, AD Ortega, F RasskinGutman, D PerezMoreno, BP AF Buscalioni, AD Ortega, F RasskinGutman, D PerezMoreno, BP TI Loss of carpal elements in crocodilian limb evolution: morphogenetic model corroborated by palaeobiological data SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Archosauria; Crocodylia; palaeontology; embryology; limb evolution; heterochrony ID TETRAPOD AB The comparison of bone homology between the manus of an Early Cretaceous fossil crocodile and that of the extant species Alligator mississippiensis supports explicitly, for the first time, the hypothesis of carpal loss in crocodilian limb evolution. This hypothesis, based on a developmental model of the organization of the tetrapod limb, is in accordance with the fossil evidence, and may supersede traditional Haeckelian views based on recapitulatory paradigms. The homologous relationships of carpal elements reveal the existence of two carpal patterns-one plesiomorphic and one apomorphic-in the crocodilian lineage. Phylogenetic change is explained causally by alterations of the osteogenesis of the distal carpals 2 and 3, which remain unossified in extant crocodile adults. This implies that crocodilian limb evolution is constrained by a process of paedomorphosis. This modification of the architecture of the crocodilian hand is a terminal event of its evolutionary history, affecting only eusuchian crocodiles. The results of this study contest the traditional view that the skeletal pattern of the crocodilian limb has been conserved unchanged since the Triassic. (C) 1997 The Linnean Society of London. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT PALEOBIOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RP Buscalioni, AD (reprint author), UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID, DEPT BIOL, UNIDAD PALEONTOL, E-28049 MADRID, SPAIN. RI Ortega, Francisco/B-5760-2009 OI Ortega, Francisco/0000-0002-7431-354X NR 29 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 62 IS 1 BP 133 EP 144 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA XY702 UT WOS:A1997XY70200005 ER PT J AU Robinson, H Ignatov, MS AF Robinson, H Ignatov, MS TI Brachythecium laetum (Brid.) BSG the correct name for the species commonly known as Brachythecium oxycladon SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Examination of types indicates that Hypnum oxycladon Brid. is a synonym of Brachythecium acuminatum (Hedw.) Aust., and that B. laetum (Brid.) B.S.G. is the earliest available name for material usually called B. oxycladon (Brid.) Jaeg. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,MAIN BOT GARDEN,MOSCOW 127276,RUSSIA. RP Robinson, H (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOCIETY INC PI FAIRFAX PA C/O JAMES D LAWREY, GEORGE MASON UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY MSN 3E1, FAIRFAX, VA 22030 SN 0007-2745 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD FAL PY 1997 VL 100 IS 3 BP 359 EP 361 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XY860 UT WOS:A1997XY86000007 ER PT J AU Hines, AH Alvarez, F Reed, SA AF Hines, AH Alvarez, F Reed, SA TI Introduced and native populations of a marine parasitic castrator: Variation in prevalence of the rhizocephalan Loxothylacus panopaei in xanthid crabs SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RHITHROPANOPEUS-HARRISII GOULD; SACCULINA-GRANIFERA BOSCHMA; COMMERCIAL SAND CRAB; PORTUNUS-PELAGICUS L; LESSER SCAUP DUCKS; INTESTINAL HELMINTHS; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PERKINSUS-MARINUS; KING CRABS AB Patterns of prevalence and host specificity of the parasitic castrator, Loxothylacus panopaei, in a region of parasite introduction (Chesapeake Bay, Maryland-Virginia) were compared to those within its native geographic range (Indian River Lagoon, Florida). Prevalence in five species of xanthid crabs was measured at several spatial and temporal scales along the east coast of North America. The parasite infected Panopeus lacustris, P. simpsoni, P. obessus, Eurypanopeus depressus, Dispanopeus sayi (reported as a host for the first time), and Rhithropanopeus harrisii, but did not infect P. herbstii. The overall prevalence of infection in over 10,000 crabs was low (< 1%); but prevalence exhibited significant large scale geographic variation from 0-83% in the parasite's disjunct distribution along 2750 km of coast and 14 degrees of latitude from New Jersey to western Florida. The introduced range of the parasite included most of Chesapeake Bay, outer Delmarva Peninsula, and North Carolina sounds; but the parasite was not found from South Carolina to Cape Canaveral, Florida. The native range extended from the Gulf of Mexico and eastern Florida up through the Indian River Lagoon. Significant temporal variability of infections occurred between 2 yrs along the geographic range of sampling, with the parasite occurring sporadically (0-47%) in introduced regions of North Carolina and (0-83%) in coastal Virginia. The prevalence of parasitism also exhibited significant local variation among sites within the introduced region of Chesapeake Bay (0-91%) and the native region of the Indian River Lagoon, Florida (0-9%). Parasite prevalence within the Indian River Lagoon exhibited long-term (12 yrs) relative temporal stability at about 7.5% in P. lacustris. In contrast, the parasite exhibited epidemic out breaks (0-72%) in a 15-yr record at the Rhode River subestuary of Chesapeake Bay following its slow spread over 200 km in 30 yrs from introduction in the lower bay in 1963. Size of infected hosts was relatively constant for each crab species, resulting in all sizes of R. harrisii and E. depressus being infected but larger P. lacustris not being infected. Despite the parasite's impact on crab reproduction, the host-parasite interaction is apparently stabilized by shifting combinations of four factors: host species composition; recruitment dynamics, especially slow parasite dispersal; patchy host dispersion in oyster reefs; and reservoirs of uninfected hosts resulting from refuges in host size (e.g., large P. lacustris) or host habitat distribution (e.g., law salinity for R. harrisii). C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Zool, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Smithsonian Marine Stn Link Port, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Hines, AH (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. NR 71 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 197 EP 214 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA YZ063 UT WOS:000072216600001 ER PT J AU Greenstein, BJ Pandolfi, JM AF Greenstein, BJ Pandolfi, JM TI Preservation of community structure in modern reef coral life and death assemblages of the Florida Keys: Implications for the Quaternary fossil record of coral reefs SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CONSTANCY AB The reef fossil record is the exclusive database from which analyses of the response of coral communities to environmental change over geological time scales may be gauged. However, few studies have attempted to ascertain whether the reef fossil record is a reasonably accurate representation of a once living coral community. To address this issue, we first assume that an assemblage of dead corals accumulating in close proximity to a living coral reef(including the dead portions of living colonies) provides a reasonable proxy for the material that potentially becomes fossilized We then perform a systematic comparison of the taxonomic composition and diversity present in coral life assemblages and death assemblages accumulating in reef tract and patch reef environments adjacent to Key Large, Florida. The death assemblage is distinct from the life assemblage, but matches exactly the zonation of live corals between reef tract and patch reef environments. The difference in taxonomic composition between life and death assemblages is the result of a striking growth form bias in the depth assemblage: massive coral colony forms predominate in the life assemblages in both environments, whereas branching colony forms predominate in the death assemblages. Calculations of species richness and the Shannon-Wiener index of diversity produced conflicting results. At one reef tract site, the death assemblage was more diverse than the life assemblage. Unlike the Indo-Pacific, the subset of the life assemblage retained as recognizable corals in the death assemblage is not less diverse. We attribute this difference to a more diverse "starting pool" of live corals in the Indo-Pacific. Fidelity indices were similar to those calculated for life and death assemblages occurring in the Indo-Pacific, but very different than those compiled for molluscan shelly assemblages. If the death assemblages we examined represent a reasonable proxy for a potential fossil assemblage, analyses of relative changes in coral reef community structure during Quaternary time should provide reliable base line data for assessing the response of modern Caribbean reefs to global change. C1 Cornell Coll, Dept Geol, Mt Vernon, IA 52314 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Greenstein, BJ (reprint author), Cornell Coll, Dept Geol, 600 1st St W, Mt Vernon, IA 52314 USA. RI Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009 OI Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694 NR 35 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 431 EP 452 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA YZ063 UT WOS:000072216600014 ER PT J AU Thompson, FC AF Thompson, FC TI Linnaean species of Conops (Diptera: Conopidae, Muscidae, Sciomyzidae, Syrphidae, & Tachinidae), with designations of lectotypes SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Linnaeus described 13 species in the genus Conops. which are now placed in the families Conopidae, Muscidae, Sciomyzidae, Syrphidae and Tachinidae. A study is presented of the types and other material of these species in his collection. Lectotypes are designated for 10 names (C. vesicularis Linnaeus 1761, C. macrocephala Linnaeus 1758, C. aculeata Linnaeus 1761, C. flavipes Linnaeus 1758, C. ferruginea Linnaeus 1761, C. petiolata Linnaeus 1761, C. atomaria Linnaeus 1767, C. testacea Linnaeus 1767, C. buccata Linnaeus 1758 & C. subcoleoptrata Linnaeus 1758). Three new synonyms (C. macrocephala = Physocephala niara De Geer, C. petiolata = Physocephala rufipes Fabricius, C. testacea = Myopa extricata Collin) and one new combination (C. atomaria = Euthycera atomaria) are proposed. RP Thompson, FC (reprint author), USDA,SYST ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168 SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 108 IS 4 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XW861 UT WOS:A1997XW86100005 ER PT J AU Lowrance, R Altier, LS Newbold, JD Schnabel, RR Groffman, PM Denver, JM Correll, DL Gilliam, JW Robinson, JL Brinsfield, RB Staver, KW Lucas, W Todd, AH AF Lowrance, R Altier, LS Newbold, JD Schnabel, RR Groffman, PM Denver, JM Correll, DL Gilliam, JW Robinson, JL Brinsfield, RB Staver, KW Lucas, W Todd, AH TI Water quality functions of Riparian forest buffers in Chesapeake Bay watersheds SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Riparian forest buffers; Chesapeake Bay; nonpoint source pollution; nitrogen; phosphorus; sediment ID VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; NEAR-STREAM ZONE; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; DELMARVA PENINSULA; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; SURFACE-WATER; GROUNDWATER; SHALLOW AB Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, USA, have agreed to reduce nutrient loadings to Chesapeake Bay by 40% by the year 2000. This requires control of nonpoint sources of nutrients, much of which comes from agriculture. Riparian forest buffer systems (RFBS) provide effective control of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in some types of agricultural watersheds. Control of NPS pollution is dependent on the type of pollutant and the hydrologic connection between pollution sources, the RFBS, and the stream. Water quality improvements are most likely in areas of where most of the excess precipitation moves across, in, or near the root zone of the RFBS. In areas such as the Inner Coastal Plain and Piedmont watersheds with thin soils, RFBS should retain 50%-90% of the total loading of nitrate in shallow groundwater, sediment in surface runoff, and total N in both surface runoff and groundwater. Retention of phosphorus is generally much less. In regions with deeper soils and/or greater regional groundwater recharge (such as parts of the Piedmont and the Valley and Ridge), RFBS water quality improvements are probably much less. The expected levels of pollutant control by RFBS are identified for each of nine physiographic provinces of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Issues related to of establishment, sustainability, and management are also discussed. C1 STROUD WATER RES CTR, AVONDALE, PA 19311 USA. USDA ARS, NE WATERSHED & PASTURE RES LAB, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. INST ECOSYST STUDIES, MILLBROOK, NY 12545 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, DOVER, DE 19901 USA. SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR, EDGEWATER, MD 21037 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT SOIL SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. USDA, NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV, FT WORTH, TX 76115 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, WYE RES & EDUCAT CTR, QUEENSTOWN, MD 21658 USA. INTEGRATED LAND MANAGEMENT, MALVERN, PA 19355 USA. USDA FOREST SERV, CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21403 USA. RP Lowrance, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE WATERSHED RES LAB, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146 NR 64 TC 276 Z9 297 U1 22 U2 143 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 21 IS 5 BP 687 EP 712 DI 10.1007/s002679900060 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XQ079 UT WOS:A1997XQ07900004 ER PT J AU Bilby, K AF Bilby, K TI Swearing by the past, swearing to the future: Sacred oaths, alliances, and treaties among the Guianese and Jamaican Maroons SO ETHNOHISTORY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th International Congress of Americanists CY JUL, 1994 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN AB This article attempts to enhance our understanding of the treaties made between Maroons and European colonial governments by viewing fragmentary historical data, both written and oral, alongside information on present-day Maroon life gathered by the author and a number of other anthropologists. It is argued that the data assembled from these varied sources can best be understood when interpreted with reference to what we know of oath-taking procedures in those African societies from which the Maroons' ancestors were drawn. This approach, combining history and comparative ethnography, can help us achieve a more balanced perspective on the treaties, the status of which remains unresolved in those countries where Maroons have survived as distinct populations until today. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Bilby, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 0014-1801 J9 ETHNOHISTORY JI Ethnohistory PD FAL PY 1997 VL 44 IS 4 BP 655 EP 689 DI 10.2307/482884 PG 35 WC Anthropology; History SC Anthropology; History GA ZE408 UT WOS:000072789600003 ER PT J AU Fitzhugh, WW AF Fitzhugh, WW TI Biogeographical archaeology in the Eastern North American Arctic SO HUMAN ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE arctic; biogeography; culture; ecology ID CULTURAL-ADAPTATION; PREHISTORY; GREENLAND; LABRADOR; ATLANTIC; SEALS AB Environmental conditions of the Eastern North American Arctic make this region suitable for biogeographical approaches to culture. Although composed of a vast assemblage of large and small islands, the Eastern Arctic differs from other ''oceanic'' environments where modem biogeographical work has been pioneered. This paper outlines conditions which make the Eastern Arctic suitable for biogeographical study and considers the nature of ''islands'' as analytical constructs rather than as discrete entities. Biogeographical concepts are considered in relation to the ''core-periphery model'' that has been the organizing principle for interpreting patterns of Eastern Arctic culture history. Abstractions, aspects, and conclusions reached from these studies outline some of the opportunities available for application of more directed anthropological biogeographical work in the future. RP Fitzhugh, WW (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,ART STUDIES CTR,DEPT ANTHROPOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 159 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0300-7839 J9 HUM ECOL JI Hum. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 385 EP 418 DI 10.1023/A:1021819509181 PG 34 WC Anthropology; Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA XY253 UT WOS:A1997XY25300002 ER PT J AU Lecar, M Franklin, F AF Lecar, M Franklin, F TI The solar nebula, secular resonances, gas drag, and the asteroid belt SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID ORIGINAL DISTRIBUTION; PLANETARY SYSTEM; JUPITER; ORBITS; SATURN; MARS AB We assume that the asteroids were initially distributed uniformly from Mars to Jupiter. Orbits between the 3:2 resonance with Jupiter (0.763 a(J), where a(J) is Jupiter's semimajor axis) and Jupiter were chaotic because of overlapping mean motion resonances and were rapidly removed by close encounters with Jupiter. However, in numerical simulations extending as long as 10(8) years, we have been unsuccessful in removing asteroids between 0.630 and 0.763 a(J) (the 2:1 resonance and the 3:2 resonance with Jupiter), when Jupiter and Saturn were the only perturbers. We now suggest that a combination of the secular resonance between the apsidal rotations of Jupiter and the asteroids, moved outward by the gravitational potential of the primitive solar nebula and the gas drag of that nebula, removed those asteroids. A minimum mass solar nebula will move one of the secular resonances outward from its present location at 0.40 a(J) to the 3:2 resonance. The sweeping secular resonance pumped up the eccentricities of the asteroids causing many outer belt asteroids to be ejected by close encounters with Jupiter. The high eccentricities also increased the relative motion of the gas and the asteroids, greatly enhancing the efficiency of the drag, which caused other asteroids to spiral into the inner Solar System. That nebula, removed on a time scale of 10(4)-10(5) years, cleared the asteroid belt exterior to the 2:1 resonance and increased the eccentricities of the remaining asteroids to an average value of about 0.15. We found that a much longer time scale mould have removed all the asteroids, while a much shorter time scale would not have increased the initial low eccentricities. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Lecar, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 21 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP PY 1997 VL 129 IS 1 BP 134 EP 146 DI 10.1006/icar.1997.5782 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YD817 UT WOS:A1997YD81700009 ER PT J AU Chen, MT Tong, CYE Paine, S Blundell, R AF Chen, MT Tong, CYE Paine, S Blundell, R TI Characterization of corrugated feed horns at 216 and 300 GHz SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES LA English DT Article DE corrugated feed horn; near-field measurement; Kirchhoff integral ID RECEIVERS; DESIGN AB We present measurements of the near-field beam profiles of two corrugated feed horns with center frequencies of 216 and 300 GHz. Both co-polar and cross-polar components of the electric field have been probed across the operation band of the horns. A full-wave numerical near-field transformation, based on a vector Kirchhoff integral, is implemented to transform the measured field to the horn aperture for a comparison with the ideal aperture field. From the overlap integral of the transformed and the ideal field, we conclude that the field radiated by these horns is the HE11 mode, to a purity of better than 99%. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Chen, MT (reprint author), ACAD SINICA,INST ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,TAIPEI 115,TAIWAN. OI Tong, Edward/0000-0002-7736-4203 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-9271 J9 INT J INFRARED MILLI JI Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves PD SEP PY 1997 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1697 EP 1711 DI 10.1007/BF02678281 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA XX715 UT WOS:A1997XX71500007 ER PT J AU Barnes, E Ortner, DJ AF Barnes, E Ortner, DJ TI Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma with a possible trepanation in a fourteenth-century Greek young skeleton SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eosinophilic granuloma; Langerhans cell histiocytosis; histiocytosis X; trepanation C1 Wichita State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Barnes, E (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1047-482X J9 INT J OSTEOARCHAEOL JI Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 7 IS 5 BP 542 EP 547 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1212(199709/10)7:5<542::AID-OA363>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 6 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 128YG UT WOS:000076435500007 ER PT J AU Smith, RW AF Smith, RW TI The Very First Light: The True Inside Story of the Scientific Journey back to the Dawn of the Universe. SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Natl Air & Space Museum, Dept Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Smith, RW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Natl Air & Space Museum, Dept Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD SEP PY 1997 VL 88 IS 3 BP 566 EP 567 DI 10.1086/383828 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA YR033 UT WOS:000071450400063 ER PT J AU Bedini, SA AF Bedini, SA TI Against the founding fathers: Petitions and insurrections in postrevolutionary America - Italian - Sioli,M SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Bedini, SA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 84 IS 2 BP 631 EP 632 DI 10.2307/2952597 PG 2 WC History SC History GA XY029 UT WOS:A1997XY02900043 ER PT J AU Ceruzzi, P AF Ceruzzi, P TI The supermen: The story of Seymour Cray and the technical wizards behind the supercomputer - Murray,CJ SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Ceruzzi, P (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 84 IS 2 BP 731 EP 732 DI 10.2307/2952711 PG 2 WC History SC History GA XY029 UT WOS:A1997XY02900164 ER PT J AU Bernasconi, MP Stanley, DJ AF Bernasconi, MP Stanley, DJ TI Molluscan biofacies, their distributions and current erosion on the Nile delta shelf SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bottom currents; faunal distributions; modern molluscs; molluscan biofacies; multivariate analyses; Nile delta; Nile delta shelf; relict faunas; shelf environments ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; EGYPT; EVOLUTION; SEDIMENTS; TIME AB Mollusc species (141) have been identified off Egypt, on the Nile delta shelf between the coast and uppermost slope. To focus on recently living autochthonous faunas; poorly preserved specimens of older age and infralittoral species recovered at depths >25 m were removed from consideration. Multivariate analyses were performed using a data matrix consisting of 38 samples and 23 species, resulting in four clusters and three principal components (bottom instability, vegetal cover and water depth). Five molluscan biofacies on the mid-to outer shelf were identified from biocoenotic interpretation of the four clusters: Bathyarca pectunculoides biofacies, Goodallia triangularis biofacies, Bittium reticulatum biofacies, Corbula gibba biofacies and Bittium exiguum biofacies. Also distinguished were a more proximal inner shelf to coastal (Donax and Teilina biofacies) and a lagoonal biofacies. The six molluscan biofacies on the shelf are distributed In distinct contour-parallel belts, and these record diverse effects of bottom currents that, to the present, have eroded extensive sectors of the seafloor. The coastal to inner shelf sector, characterized by the Donax and Tellina biofacies, records highest energy levels due to wave-driven scour and winter storm activity. The mid-to outer shelf sector, characterized by the Corbula gibba biofacies, comprises zones of bottom instability. Predominantly east-directed currents have winnowed fine-grained sediment now deposited on the NE delta shelf and on the lower energy cuter shelf and upper slope. We predict that, as a consequence of sediment cut-off by the High Aswan Dam and structures in the delta below Cairo, the effects of scouring as recorded by molluscs will become more apparent on the Nile shelf with time. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DELTAS GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM,PALEOBIOL E206 NMNH,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Bernasconi, MP (reprint author), UNIV CALABRIA,DIPARTIMENTO SCI TERRA,I-87036 RENDE,CS,ITALY. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1201 EP 1212 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA XZ999 UT WOS:A1997XZ99900022 ER PT J AU Pollanen, MS Ubelaker, DH AF Pollanen, MS Ubelaker, DH TI Forensic significance of the polymorphism of hyoid bone shape SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; strangulation; hyoid bone; forensic science; forensic anthropology ID STRANGULATION; FRACTURE AB The reasons why some hyoids fracture in strangulation and others do not may relate to anatomic features of the hyoid bone. On this basis, we studied the dimensions and shape of hyoid bones (n = 100) originating from the Terry collection, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. The hyoid bones were extensively polymorphic in both dimensions studied, the span or breadth, and the length of the cornua. There was no linear relationship between the breadth and length dimensions of the: bone. Based on qualitative assessment, hyoid bones could be classed as either hyperbolic (55%) or parabolic (45%) in shape. Hyperbolic hyoid bones could be distinguished from hyoid bones with a parabolic configuration on the basis of the metric data although there was considerable overlap in the dimensions of hyoid bones of both configurations, Female hyoid bones tended to be smaller in both dimensions than male hyoid bones. The metric parameters of fractured hyoid bones from 10 cases (8 female, 2 male) of strangulation were compared with the dimensions of hyoid bones in this study. The metric features of the fractured hyoid bones were attributable to the predominance of females in the group of fractured hyoid bones studied, an observation that is anticipated because the majority of strangulations involve female decedents. On this basis, we conclude that variables other than the shape and dimensions of the hyoid bone are more relevant in determining if hyoid Fracture occurs during strangulation. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DEPT ANTHROPOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Pollanen, MS (reprint author), OFF CHIEF CORONER ONTARIO,FORENS PATHOL UNIT,26 GRENVILLE ST,TORONTO,ON M7A 2G9,CANADA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 42 IS 5 BP 890 EP 892 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA XW332 UT WOS:A1997XW33200020 PM 9304837 ER PT J AU Gray, LA Rand, AS AF Gray, LA Rand, AS TI A daybreak chorus in the frog, Agalychnis callidryas SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEOTROPICAL TREEFROG; BEHAVIOR; NOISE C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Gray, LA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 31 IS 3 BP 440 EP 441 DI 10.2307/1565677 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA YM990 UT WOS:000071122100019 ER PT J AU Jaramillo, C Rand, AS Ibanez, R Dudley, R AF Jaramillo, C Rand, AS Ibanez, R Dudley, R TI Elastic structures in the vocalization apparatus of the Tungara frog Physalaemus pustulosus (Leptodactylidae) SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOCAL SAC; ENERGETICS; INFLATION AB Histological analysis of the vocal sac and body wall in the leptodactylid frog Physalaemus pustulosus suggests that both muscle and elastic fibers are important in call production. Abdominal musculature as well as abdominal bands of elastin (the lineae masculinae) provide the energy required for exhalation and sound production. Air flowing through the larynx inflates a highly extensible vocal sac lined with muscle and a network of elastic fibers. Inherent elasticity together with muscular activity of the vocal sac likely increase the speed and possibly decrease the energetic costs of lung reinflation following vocalization. The mechanics of call production in P. pustulosus thus involve not only laryngeal activation but also elastic transfer of air between the supralaryngeal vocal sac and abdominal respiratory structures. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ZOOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 233 IS 3 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199709)233:3<287::AID-JMOR7>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 9 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA XP641 UT WOS:A1997XP64100007 PM 9259126 ER PT J AU Neuman, RB AF Neuman, RB TI Famatinorthis cf. f. turneri Levy and Nullo, 1973 (Brachiopoda, Orthida) from the Shin Brook Formation (Ordovician, Arenig) in Maine SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARGENTINE PRECORDILLERA; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; LAURENTIA; TERRANE; IAPETUS AB Famatinorthis cf. F. turneri Levy and Nullo, 1973, is an abundant component of a poorly preserved brachiopod assemblage in volcaniclastic rocks at one locality in the Arenig age Shin Brook Formation in northeastern Maine. The brachiopod assemblage of the Shin Brook Formation has been classed as a Celtic biogeographic assemblage that is interpreted to have lived in cool water at mid-to high peri-Gondwanan latitudes. Famatinorthis turneri sensu stricto is one of the six brachiopod species known from coeval volcanics-rich rocks of continental margin affinities in the Famatina Range of northwestern Argentina; the presence of its congener in Maine supports the Celtic affinities of the Famatina assemblage, but its Ordovician location remains cryptic. RP Neuman, RB (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, MRC 137, DEPT PALEOBIOL, US GEOL SURVEY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3360 EI 1937-2337 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 71 IS 5 BP 812 EP 815 PG 4 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA YA583 UT WOS:A1997YA58300005 ER PT J AU Thiele, A Winter, K Krause, GH AF Thiele, A Winter, K Krause, GH TI Low inactivation of D1 protein of photosystem II in young canopy leaves of Anacardium excelsum under high-light stress SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anacardium excelsum; chlorophyll fluorescence; D1 protein; photoinhibition; photosystem II; xanthophyll cycle; zeaxanthin ID CHLOROPHYLL-A FLUORESCENCE; XANTHOPHYLL-CYCLE; ZEAXANTHIN ACCUMULATION; IN-VIVO; PHOTOINHIBITION; TURNOVER; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; D1-PROTEIN; RECOVERY AB The response of young and mature canopy sun leaves of the tropical forest tree Anacardium excelsum to excess light was studied. Compared with the mature leaves, the young leaves, containing about half the amount of chlorophyll a+b per unit area, exhibited a higher proportion of total carotenoids as xanthophyll cycle pigments and had an increased ratio of total carotenoids to chlorophyll a+b. The capacity for thermal energy dissipation in high light, as expressed by non-photochemical (energy-dependent and photoinhibitory) chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in photosystem II, was higher in the young than in the mature leaves. Quantification of the photosystem II reaction center protein D1 following high-light exposure of leaves in the presence of streptomycin (an inhibitor of plastidic protein biosynthesis) showed pronounced differences between young and mature leaves. In the mature leaves, substantial degradation of D1 occurred as a result of photoinhibitory irradiation, but also in low light. In contrast, in young leaves, high light that caused a strong decline in potential photosystem II efficiency (indicated by the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence emission, F-V/F-M) did not induce a significant D1 degradation. It is concluded that in the young leaves, which are highly acclimated to conditions of excess light, the D1 protein is stabilized by efficient photoprotective mechanisms. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP Thiele, A (reprint author), UNIV DUSSELDORF,INST PLANT BIOCHEM,UNIV STR 1,D-40225 DUSSELDORF,GERMANY. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 151 IS 3 BP 286 EP 292 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XY685 UT WOS:A1997XY68500005 ER PT J AU Chance, K AF Chance, K TI Improvement of the O-2 A band spectroscopic database for satellite-based cloud detection SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; A-BAND; SPECTRA; LINES; O2 AB Detection of cloud parameters from space-based spectrometers can employ the vibrational bands of O-2 in the b(1) Sigma(g)(+) <-- X-3 Sigma(g)(-), spin-forbidden electronic transition manifold, particularly the Delta upsilon = 0 A band. The European Space Agency's Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME), on board the European Remote Sensing 2 satellite, uses the A band in the Initial Cloud Fitting Algorithm (ICFA). The work reported here consists of making substantial improvements in the line-by-line spectral database for the A band, testing whether an additional correction to the line shape function is necessary in order to model correctly the atmospheric transmission in this band, and calculating prototype cloud and ground template spectra for comparison with satellite measurements. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Chance, K (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 58 IS 3 BP 375 EP 378 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(97)00002-2 PG 4 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA YF747 UT WOS:A1997YF74700005 ER PT J AU Dalling, JW Swaine, MD Garwood, NC AF Dalling, JW Swaine, MD Garwood, NC TI Soil seed bank community dynamics in seasonally moist lowland tropical forest, Panama SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; pioneer; seed burial; seed dispersal; seed dormancy; soil seed bank ID RAIN-FOREST; BURIED SEEDS; PIONEER TREES; WET FOREST; COSTA-RICA; NEW-GUINEA; GAP-PHASE; SUCCESSION; REGENERATION; GERMINATION AB Seasonal changes in the densities of dormant seeds in the soil around eight pioneer trees in the 50-ha Forest Dynamics Plot, on Barro Colorado Island, Panama were studied, and how seed dispersal and seed dormancy influenced patterns of seed abundance and distribution were examined. Twenty-four, 3-cm-deep soil samples were collected on 30 m transects radiating out from each of the trees in each of four time-intervals through the year, and four 21-cm-deep samples were collected beneath the focal tree crowns. In the surface 0-3 cm of soil, germinable seed densities of all species combined declined from a peak of 1090 seeds m(-2) in the mid-wet season in August, to 330 seeds m(-2) by the end of the wet season in November. In contrast, at soil depths >3 cm, there was little variation in soil seed bank density through the year. Some variation in soil seed bank density for individual species could be accounted for by distance to reproductive conspecifics. Among species, abundance in the soil was negatively correlated with seed size. Seed persistence varied greatly among species at this site; after 1 y of burial in mesh bags, seed germinability of four species was near zero, while four other species showed no consistent decline in seed germinability after >2 y of burial. For at least one species, Trema micrantha, prolonged seed dormancy was also possible under natural conditions. Twenty-five percent of Trema seeds extracted from the soil at a site occupied by an isolated Trema tree that died between 1982 and 1985 were still germinable in 1994. RP Dalling, JW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,APO,AA 34002, USA. NR 57 TC 72 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 13 BP 659 EP 680 PN 5 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YC710 UT WOS:A1997YC71000002 ER PT J AU Riley, SM AF Riley, SM TI One better - McMillan,R SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Riley, SM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 14 BP 219 EP 219 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA XT759 UT WOS:A1997XT75900245 ER PT J AU Reingold, N AF Reingold, N TI Form, function and fecundity in American institutions SO MINERVA LA English DT Article RP Reingold, N (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0026-4695 J9 MINERVA JI Minerva PD FAL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 3 BP 221 EP 232 DI 10.1023/A:1004290219634 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; History & Philosophy Of Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; History & Philosophy of Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA YD459 UT WOS:A1997YD45900003 ER PT J AU Ewers, JC AF Ewers, JC TI Dahcotah or, life and legends of the Sioux around Fort Snelling - Eastman,MH SO MONTANA-THE MAGAZINE OF WESTERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Ewers, JC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MONTANA HISTORICAL SOC PI HELENA PA 225 N ROBERTS ST, HELENA, MT 59601 SN 0026-9891 J9 MONTANA JI Mont.-Mag. West. Hist. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 79 EP 80 PG 2 WC History SC History GA XY761 UT WOS:A1997XY76100008 ER PT J AU Ewers, JC AF Ewers, JC TI Seth Eastman: A portfolio of North American Indians - Boehme,SE, Feest,CF, Johnston,PC SO MONTANA-THE MAGAZINE OF WESTERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Ewers, JC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MONTANA HISTORICAL SOC PI HELENA PA 225 N ROBERTS ST, HELENA, MT 59601 SN 0026-9891 J9 MONTANA JI Mont.-Mag. West. Hist. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 79 EP 80 PG 2 WC History SC History GA XY761 UT WOS:A1997XY76100007 ER PT J AU Weil, SE AF Weil, SE TI Not money, control + Museums and the fair use doctrine SO MUSEUM NEWS LA English DT Article RP Weil, SE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,CTR MUSEUM STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC MUSEUMS PI WASHINGTON PA 1575 EYE ST, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0027-4089 J9 MUSEUM NEWS JI Mus. News PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 76 IS 5 BP 36 EP & PG 0 WC Art SC Art GA XU932 UT WOS:A1997XU93200013 ER PT J AU Morris, M AF Morris, M TI Museums: A place to work. Planning museum careers - Glaser,JR SO MUSEUM NEWS LA English DT Book Review RP Morris, M (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC MUSEUMS PI WASHINGTON PA 1575 EYE ST, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0027-4089 J9 MUSEUM NEWS JI Mus. News PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 76 IS 5 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Art SC Art GA XU932 UT WOS:A1997XU93200016 ER PT J AU Funk, VA AF Funk, VA TI Xenophyllum, a new Andean genus extracted from Werneria s.l. (Compositae: Senecioneae) SO NOVON LA English DT Article AB A new genus, Xenophyllum, is described, which consists of 21 species extracted from Werneria s.l. (Compositae: Senecioneae). All members of this new genus are mat-or hummock-forming perennials that grow at high elevations (3000-5200 m) in the Andes from Colombia to northern Argentina and northern Chile. Included is a brief description of the disposition of the species of Weneria s.l. and a preliminary key to those included in Xenophyllum. RP Funk, VA (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT,SMITHSONIAN INST,MRC 166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 1055-3177 J9 NOVON JI Novon PD FAL PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.2307/3391934 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YB507 UT WOS:A1997YB50700006 ER PT J AU Strong, MT AF Strong, MT TI Machaerina (Cyperaceae) in South America SO NOVON LA English DT Article AB The genus Machaerina Vahl (Cyperaceae) now consists of five species in South America. A key to the taxa, a description of the genus and each taxon, nomenclature, and an illustration of the mature fruit (achene) for each taxon are provided, and the distribution of each taxon is mapped. Two new species, Machaerina ayangannensis M. T. Strong from Guyana and M. austrobrasiliensis M. T. Strong from southeastern Brazil, are described. RP Strong, MT (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,MRC 166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 1055-3177 J9 NOVON JI Novon PD FAL PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 308 EP 319 DI 10.2307/3391947 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YB507 UT WOS:A1997YB50700019 ER PT J AU Cote, R Friedrich, H Trost, J AF Cote, R Friedrich, H Trost, J TI Reflection above potential steps SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONS; ATOMS AB Classically forbidden reflection by a potential step is analyzed by matching WKB waves to solutions of a Schrodinger equation involving the tail of the potential on the up side of the step. Analytic expressions for the leading deviation of the reflection probability from unity and the phase of the reflection amplitude at the top of the step are derived for potentials decaying as an inverse power of the coordinate V(x)(proportional to)-1/x(alpha), alpha>2. C1 TECH UNIV MUNICH,DEPT PHYS,D-85747 GARCHING,GERMANY. RP Cote, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Friedrich, Harald/D-9537-2011 OI Friedrich, Harald/0000-0002-4822-0614 NR 14 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1781 EP 1787 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA XV840 UT WOS:A1997XV84000017 ER PT J AU daLuz, MGE LupuSax, AS Heller, EJ AF daLuz, MGE LupuSax, AS Heller, EJ TI Quantum scattering from arbitrary boundaries SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PATH INTEGRATION; PERTURBATION; QUANTIZATION; CORRALS; SURFACE AB We present a conceptually and numerically simple method for obtaining scattering eigenstates from arbitrary disconnected open or closed boundaries with very general boundary conditions. As a side effect of the derivation, a solution for partially penetrable walls is also found. As in the boundary integral Green-function method, an integral equation over the boundary results: however, our approach uses delta-function potentials which can have finite or infinite strength) to enforce boundary conditions and construct the governing equations: rather than Green's theorem. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP daLuz, MGE (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 2496 EP 2507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.2496 PN A PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA XY129 UT WOS:A1997XY12900028 ER PT J AU Pen, UL Seljak, U Turok, N AF Pen, UL Seljak, U Turok, N TI Power spectra in global defect theories of cosmic structure formation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIES AB An efficient technique for computing perturbation power spectra in field ordering theories of cosmic structure formation is introduced, enabling computations to be carried out with unprecedented precision. Microwave anisotropy and matter perturbation power spectra for global strings, monopoles, textures, and nontopological textures are presented and compared with recent observations. The most striking results are (a) the absence of pronounced peaks in the C-l anisotropy power spectrum and (b) the lack of large scale power in the matter power spectrum. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT APPL MATH & THEORET PHYS,CAMBRIDGE CB3 9EW,ENGLAND. RP Pen, UL (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,COLL OBSERV,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 11 TC 190 Z9 190 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 9 BP 1611 EP 1614 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.1611 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XU057 UT WOS:A1997XU05700008 ER PT J AU Seljak, U Pen, UL Turok, N AF Seljak, U Pen, UL Turok, N TI Polarization of the microwave background in defect models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPY; RADIATION AB We compute the polarization power spectra for global strings, monopoles, textures, and nontopological textures, and compare them to inflationary models. We find that topological defect models predict a significant (similar to 1 mu K) contribution to magnetic type polarization on degree angular scales, which is produced by the large vector component of the defect source. We also investigate the effect of decoherence on polarization. It leads to a smoothing of acoustic oscillations both in temperature and polarization power spectra and strongly suppresses the cross correlation between temperature and polarization relative to inflationary models. Both effects should be testable with the next generation of CMB satellites. C1 HARVARD UNIV,COLL OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT APPL MATH & THEORET PHYS,CAMBRIDGE CB3 9EW,ENGLAND. RP Seljak, U (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 23 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 9 BP 1615 EP 1618 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.1615 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XU057 UT WOS:A1997XU05700009 ER PT J AU Yan, ZC Drake, GWF AF Yan, ZC Drake, GWF TI Lithium fine structure in the 1s(2) 2p P-2(J) states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HE-LIKE IONS; STRUCTURE SPLITTINGS; HELIUM; ENERGIES AB The first fully correlated calculations of fine structure in lithium are presented. For the 1s(2) 2p(2) states the fine structure is calculated to a computational accuracy of 1 part in 10(6), including relativistic and QED terms up to O(alpha(4)mc(2)), O((mu/M)zeta(4)mc(2)), O(alpha(5)mc(2)), and O((mu/M)alpha(5)mc(2)). A comparison is made with other calculations and experiments. A residual discrepancy between theory and experiment of (65 +/- 2) x 10(-6) cm(-1) is found due to higher-order QED terms. C1 UNIV WINDSOR,DEPT PHYS,WINDSOR,ON N9B 3P4,CANADA. RP Yan, ZC (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Yan, Zong-Chao/F-6668-2014 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 9 BP 1646 EP 1649 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.1646 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XU057 UT WOS:A1997XU05700017 ER PT J AU Brown, JK AF Brown, JK TI Recovering representations - US government photographers at the World's-Columbian-Exposition, Chicago, 1893 SO PROLOGUE-QUARTERLY OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES LA English DT Article RP Brown, JK (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ARCHIVES RECORDS ADMINISTRATION PI WASHINGTON PA TRUST FUND BOARD, WASHINGTON, DC 20408 SN 0033-1031 J9 PROLOGUE JI Prologue-Q. Natl. Archives PD FAL PY 1997 VL 29 IS 3 BP 218 EP 231 PG 14 WC History SC History GA YB105 UT WOS:A1997YB10500004 ER PT J AU Smith, RW AF Smith, RW TI To see the unseen: A history of planetary radar astronomy - Butrica,AJ SO PUBLIC HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review RP Smith, RW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0272-3433 J9 PUBL HISTORIAN JI Public Hist. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 66 EP 68 PG 3 WC History SC History GA YH202 UT WOS:A1997YH20200009 ER PT J AU Behling, H Negrelle, RRB Colinvaux, PA AF Behling, H Negrelle, RRB Colinvaux, PA TI Modern pollen rain data from the tropical Atlantic rain forest, Reserva Volta Velha, South Brazil SO REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE South Brazil; modern pollen rain; tropical Atlantic rain forest; secondary forest ID VEGETATION AB Modern pollen rain from a one-hectare plot of the South Brazilian Atlantic rain forest of the reserve Volta Velha (26 degrees 04'S, 48 degrees 38'W, 9 m asl) and two secondary forests, +/- 50 and 7 years old, were analyzed by pollen traps. 248 identified tree, shrub and herb species (excluding epiphytes) of 50 families (Angiospermae, Gymnospermae and Pteridophyta) from the plot of the Atlantic rain forest are represented by 126 different pollen and spore types (including non-local taxa). The calculated average influx of pollen rain from the native Atlantic rain forest is 12,465 pollen grains cm(-2) yr(-1). The influx from the +/- 50 years old and from the 7 years old secondary forest is relatively low (4112 and 3667 grains cm(-2) yr(-1), respectively) compared to the undisturbed rain forest. The occurrence of pollen grains of herbs and fern spores is significantly higher in the secondary forests than in the undisturbed rain forest. Pollen rain in the rain forest is very variable due to local effects. Therefore, results from single terrestrial pollen traps and surface samples from tropical forests should be cautiously applied to the interpretation of fossil pollen records. They can give an incorrect impression of the vegetation and cannot be used as representative data. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,CTR TROP PALEOECOL,BALBOA,PANAMA. UNIV FED PARANA,DEPT BOT,BR-81531970 CURITIBA,PARANA,BRAZIL. RI Negrelle, Raquel/F-8961-2013 OI Negrelle, Raquel/0000-0003-3725-3426 NR 11 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0034-6667 J9 REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO JI Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology PD SEP PY 1997 VL 97 IS 3-4 BP 287 EP & DI 10.1016/S0034-6667(96)00073-5 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA YK327 UT WOS:A1997YK32700003 ER PT J AU Heyman, IM AF Heyman, IM TI Our new gem hall is a jewel, indeed + The Janet-Annenberg-Hooker-Hall-of-Geology-Gems-and-Minerals at the National-Museum-of-Natural-History SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material RP Heyman, IM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD SEP PY 1997 VL 28 IS 6 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA XU016 UT WOS:A1997XU01600001 ER PT J AU Adams, RM AF Adams, RM TI Social contexts of technology SO SOCIAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technology and the Rest of Culture CY JAN, 1997 CL NEW SCH SOCIAL RES, NEW YORK, NY HO NEW SCH SOCIAL RES C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Adams, RM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW SCH SOC RES PI NEW YORK PA GRADUATE FACULTY 66 W 12TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0037-783X J9 SOC RES JI Soc. Res. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 64 IS 3 BP 947 EP 964 PG 18 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XX973 UT WOS:A1997XX97300003 ER PT J AU Adis, J Amorim, MA Erwin, TL Bauer, T AF Adis, J Amorim, MA Erwin, TL Bauer, T TI On ecology, life history and survival strategies of a wing-dimorphic ground beetle (Col.: Carabidae : Odacanthini : Colliuris) inhabiting central Amazonian inundation forests SO STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE beetles; brachyptery; life history; floodplains; gonad dormancy; inundation; Amazon ID FLESH FLIES; FLIGHTLESSNESS; EVOLUTION; DIAPAUSE; INSECTS AB The discovery of a lowland Amazonian wing-dimorphic carabid species, colliuris batesi Chaudoir, prompted a complete study of its biology and behaviour over a period of more than 4 years. Studies were made on development, fecundity, gonad development, life span and habitat shifts. Survival strategies and possible adaptations are examined with respect to seasonal flooding of their habitat. It is proposed that evolution of brachyptery in this species is rather recent in origin because macropterous specimens are widespread across the upper Amazon Basin, and because the only body change associated with short wings has been narrowing of the humeri. C1 AG Tropenokol, Max Planck Inst Limnol, Trop Ecol Working Grp, D-24302 Plon, Germany. Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Zool, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. RP Adis, J (reprint author), AG Tropenokol, Max Planck Inst Limnol, Trop Ecol Working Grp, Postfach 165, D-24302 Plon, Germany. EM adis@mpil-ploen.mpg.de NR 60 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0165-0521 J9 STUD NEOTROP FAUNA E JI Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3 BP 174 EP 192 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 110PJ UT WOS:000075389300005 ER PT J AU Sullivan, J Markert, JA Kilpatrick, CW AF Sullivan, J Markert, JA Kilpatrick, CW TI Phylogeography and molecular systematics of the Peromyscus aztecus species group (Rodentia: Muridae) inferred using parsimony and likelihood SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cytochrome b; highlands; maximum likelihood; Middle America; parsimony; Peromyscus; phylogeography; vicariance ID SITE RATE VARIATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS; BOYLII; SUBSTITUTION; SEQUENCES; CAUDATA; TREES AB Mice of the Peromyscus aztecus species group occur at mid to high elevations in several mountain ranges in the highlands of Middle America (Mexico and Central America), a region of high endemicity. We examined the biogeography of this group by conducting phylogenetic analyses of 668 bp of the mitochondial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene. Phylogenetic analyses under both parsimony and likelihood frameworks produced the same topologies, but estimates of nodal support were artificially high in weighted parsimony analyses. This difference is attributed to the inability of parsimony to optimize branch lengths when evaluating topologies. These data indicate that the P. aztecus-like populations from south and east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec currently assigned to P. a. oaxacensis represent a distinct species, with genetic distances as high as 0.091. In addition, I! hylocetes is strongly divergent from Mexican populations of P. aztecus (genetic distances of 0.044-0.069), supporting the recognition of this taxon as a distinct species. The history of divergence in this group can be explained by a series of apparently early to middle Pleistocene vicariance events associated with glacial cycles. The Sierra Madre Occidental and Cordillera Transvolcanica each appear to be faunistically isolated, the Isthmus of Tehuantepec appears to have been a strong Pleistocene barrier, and the Sierra Madre Oriental has affinities with the Sierra Madre del Sur and the highlands of central Oaxaca. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT, DEPT ECOL & EVOLUTIONARY BIOL, STORRS, CT 06269 USA. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, DEPT ZOOL, DURHAM, NH 03824 USA. UNIV VERMONT, DEPT BIOL, BURLINGTON, VT 05405 USA. RP Sullivan, J (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN MUSEUM SUPPORT CTR, LAB MOL SYSTEMAT, 4210 SILVER HILL RD, SUITLAND, MD 20746 USA. NR 49 TC 190 Z9 199 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 46 IS 3 BP 426 EP 440 DI 10.2307/2413690 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA YA423 UT WOS:A1997YA42300003 PM 11975329 ER PT J AU Iwanaga, KK Eberle, M Kolman, CJ Bermingham, E Watkins, DI AF Iwanaga, KK Eberle, M Kolman, CJ Bermingham, E Watkins, DI TI Further diversification of the HLA-B focus in Central American Amerindians: New B*39 and B*51 alleles in the Kuna of Panama SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE DGGE; HLA-B*3911; HLA-B*5110; Kuna Amerindians; sequence; typing ID NAHUA AZTEC DESCENT; HLA-B35 ALLELE; RAPID EVOLUTION; ANTIGEN; INDIANS; MEXICAN; SOUTH; SEQUENCE; DEFINITION; MOLECULES AB Several new HLA-B locus alleles have been discovered in South American Amerindians. By contrast, analysis of the MHC class I alleles of North American native populations has revealed few new HLA-B alleles. This suggests that the HLA-B locus is evolving rapidly in South American populations. Here we describe the HLA-B locus alleles present in individuals from a Central American tribe, the Kuna of Panama. Using a sequence-based typing technique that separates alleles by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) followed by direct sequencing, we determined the HLA-B alleles from eight Kunas, Two of the HLA-B alleles present in the Kuna have been previously described in other South American Amerindian populations; one allele has been characterized in a Mexican-American. We characterized two new HLA-B alleles in the Kuna, HLA-B*3911 and HLA-B*5110. HLA-B*3911 differed from HLA-B*3905 by only a single nucleotide substitution in exon 3. This substitution resulted in an amino acid replacement of leucine by arginine at residue 156 in the alpha 2 domain. Such a change may affect the repertoire of peptides that are bound by this molecule. HLA-B*5110 differed significantly from other HLA-B*51 alleles in that it is the result of an unusually large intra-locus recombination event of minimally 216 nucleotides. This recombination results in an allele that is part HLA-B*51 and part HLA-B*40. Thus, more dramatic recombination events may also play a role in the rapid evolution of the HLA-B locus in Amerindians. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,WISCONSIN REG PRIMATE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53715. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. UNIV WISCONSIN HOSP & CLIN,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,DIV LAB MED,HLA MOL DIAGNOST LAB,MADISON,WI 53792. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00167] NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD SEP PY 1997 VL 50 IS 3 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1997.tb02868.x PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA XX090 UT WOS:A1997XX09000004 PM 9331947 ER PT J AU Silver, E LeGros, M Austin, G Madden, N Beeman, J Haler, E AF Silver, E LeGros, M Austin, G Madden, N Beeman, J Haler, E TI First use of NTD germanium-based microcalorimeters for high-resolution, broadband x-ray microanalysis SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article AB Broadband, high-resolution x-ray spectra from samples excited by the electron beam of a scanning electron microscope were obtained with an NTD germanium-based microcalorimeter, An energy resolution of 8 eV was used to resolve completely the silicon K alpha from the tungsten M alpha x-rays. This performance will make it possible to analyze efficiently the composition of thin films and surface contaminants by using low electron excitation energies. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Silver, E (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4539(199709)26:5<265::AID-XRS204>3.3.CO;2-N PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA XW076 UT WOS:A1997XW07600004 ER PT J AU Lyapunova, EA Bunch, TD Vorontsov, NN Hoffman, RS AF Lyapunova, EA Bunch, TD Vorontsov, NN Hoffman, RS TI Chromosomal complement and taxonomic position of Severtsov wild sheep (Ovis ammon Severtzovi) SO ZOOLOGICHESKY ZHURNAL LA Russian DT Article ID EVOLUTION; KARYOTYPE AB A review of the genus Ovis taxonomy indicates;that the position of (Severtsov wild sheep from the Nura-Tau mountains (Kyzyl-Kum desert) is unclear. Its range fails between urial sheep (O. vignei, 2n = 58) and arkhar sheep (O. ammon, 2n = 56). A specimen of O. ammon severtsovi sheep from the region, similar to terra typica, was studied. It has 2n = 56 and a karyotype consisting of 2 pairs of metacentric and 25 pairs of acrocentric autosomes, a large acrocentric X and a minute biarmed Y. The (Giemsa-band analysis permitted accurate pairing of all chromosomes. The banding patterns of the largest pair of metacentrics were identical to those of the largest biarmed chromosomes in all wild and domestic sheep of the genus Ovis. The banding patterns of the second pair of metacentric chromosomes were identical to the third pair of biarmed chromosomes in al sheep of the genus Ovis with 2n = 54 (muflons and all domestic sheep) and to the third largest pair of metacentric in the 2n = 52 karyotype of Siberian snow sheep (O. nivicola). The G-banded karyotype of Severtsov's wild sheep is consistent for all subspecies of Arkhar-Argali (O. ammon) karyotyped Numerical assignment of acrocentric chromosome equivalents based on the fundamental Ovis karyotype and other Caprini that gave rise to the biarmed chromosomes of severtzovi are 1 and 3, 5 and 11 for these two largest metacentric pairs, respectively. The G-band patterns of Eurasian and North American wild sheep are compared with severtzovi, and their homologies are related to the chromosomal evolution of Ovis. The first data on heterochromatic area (C-banding) of wild sheep and ArgNOR's-banding patterns of O. a. severtzovi are described. Based on the diploid chromosome number, Severtsov's sheep should be considered as subspecies of the Arkhar-Argalis groups and not of the Urial one. Hypotheses of chromosomal evolution in the genus Ovis are reviewed from the standpoint of their consistency with paleontological wild sheep and Pleistocene evolution of the Holarctic fauna. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM DAIRY & VET SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Lyapunova, EA (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST DEV BIOL,MOSCOW 117334,RUSSIA. RI Lyapunova, Elena/A-4696-2016 NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0044-5134 J9 ZOOL ZH JI Zool. Zhurnal PD SEP PY 1997 VL 76 IS 9 BP 1083 EP 1093 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA YB456 UT WOS:A1997YB45600012 ER PT J AU Campbell, BA Hawke, BR Thompson, TW AF Campbell, BA Hawke, BR Thompson, TW TI Regolith composition and structure in the lunar maria: Results of long-wavelength radar studies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MOON; RESOURCES; GEOLOGY; IRON AB Radar measurements at 70-cm and 7.5-m wavelengths provide insight into the structure and composition of the upper 5-100 m of the lunar regolith and crust. We combine high-resolution (3-5 km) 70-cm radar data for the nearside with earlier calibrated full-disk observations at the same wavelength to provide a reasonable estimate of the lunar backscatter coefficient. These data are tested against models for echoes from a buried substrate and Mie scattering from surface and buried rocks. These mechanisms are expected to dominate the 70-cm radar echo, with their relative importance determined by the rock population, regolith depth, substrate roughness, and the loss tangent of the soil. Results indicate that the 70-cm radar echo for the maria comes largely from Mie scattering by rocks buried within the fine soil. Radar scattering from a buried substrate is not likely to greatly affect the observed return. We also compared the 70-cm and 7.5-m radar images to infrared eclipse temperature maps, crater-population age estimates for the maria, and to TiO2 and FeO abundances inferred from Earth based telescopic and Clementine multispectral observations. These data imply that (1) the TiO2 (ilmenite) content of the regolith controls variations in 70-cm depolarized echo strength among mare units, with higher titanium abundance leading to lower echoes; (2) changes in the average 70-cm return for a given TiO2 abundance between maria of different ages do occur, but uncertainties in the current radar data do not allow us to uniquely distinguish between variations in rock population with age and calibration effects; (3) the 7.5-m radar echoes are controlled by the age of the mare basalt flows, with older deposits having a greater degree of fracturing and higher backscatter. Future mapping at 12.6-cm and 70-cm wavelengths will help to resolve some of the issues raised here. C1 UNIV HAWAII,DEPT PLANETARY GEOSCI,HONOLULU,HI 96822. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP Campbell, BA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,CTR EARTH & PLANETARY STUDIES,MRC 315,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG 25 PY 1997 VL 102 IS E8 BP 19307 EP 19320 DI 10.1029/97JE00858 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XT617 UT WOS:A1997XT61700003 ER PT J AU Bohringer, H Neumann, DM Schindler, S Huchra, JP AF Bohringer, H Neumann, DM Schindler, S Huchra, JP TI Stripped spiral galaxies as promising targets for the determination of the cepheid distance to the Virgo cluster SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE distance scale; galaxies, clusters, individual (Virgo); galaxies, interactions galaxies, spiral; X-rays, galaxies ID HUBBLE CONSTANT; DARK MATTER; ROSAT; EVOLUTION; DUST; M100; M87 AB The measurement of precise galaxy distances by Cepheid observations out to the distance of the Virgo Cluster is important for the determination of the Hubble: constant. The Virgo Cluster is thereby often used as an important stepping stone. The first Hubble Space Telescope measurement of the distance of a Virgo galaxy (M100) using Cepheid variables, by Freedman et al., provided a value of H-0 = 80 +/- 17 km s(-1). This measurement was preceded by a ground-based study of the Virgo spiral NGC 4571 by Pierce et al., which formally provided H-0 = 87 +/- 7 km s(-1). These determinations rely on the accuracy with which the position of this observed spiral galaxy can be located with respect to the Virgo Cluster's center. This uncertainty introduces a major error in the determination of the Hubble constant, together with the uncertainty in the adopted Virgo infall velocity of the Local Group. Here we propose the use of spiral galaxies that show clear signs of being stripped of their interstellar medium by the intracluster gas of the Virgo Cluster as targets for Cepheid distance measurements. We show that the stripping process and the knowledge of the intracluster gas distribution from ROSAT X-ray observations allow us to locate these galaxies with an at least 3 times higher precision with respect to M87 than in the case of other spirals like M100. The X-ray observations further imply that M87 is well centered within the densest part of the intracluster gas halo of the Virgo Cluster. This seems to imply that M87 is approximately at rest in the central core of the cluster. There remains the problem, however, that there is a velocity difference between M87 and the average velocity of the Virgo galaxies in the larger halo region around M87. This may be explained by the disturbance introduced by the galaxy M86, which is falling into the cluster with high velocity from behind. The X-ray and optical observations imply that M86 is associated with a group of galaxies and a larger dark matter halo with a mass of up to about 10% of the mass of the M87 halo, which would account for the velocity offset of M87 with respect to the velocity average of about 100-150 km s(-1). The combination of this information could enable us to locate the two stripped spiral galaxies quite precisely:within the Virgo Cluster as a whole and could greatly improve the determination of the Virgo Cluster's distance. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Bohringer, H (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS,D-85740 GARCHING,GERMANY. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 2 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1086/304461 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT240 UT WOS:A1997XT24000001 ER PT J AU Whitney, BA Kenyon, SJ Gomez, M AF Whitney, BA Kenyon, SJ Gomez, M TI Near-infrared imaging polarimetry of embedded young stars in the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE infrared, stars; ISM, reflection nebulae; stars, formation; stars, polarization; stars, pre-main-sequence ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MODEL SCATTERING ENVELOPES; MAGNETIC-FIELD STRUCTURE; LOW-MASS STARS; STELLAR OBJECTS; DARK CLOUDS; DENSE CORES; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; CIRCUMPROTOSTELLAR ENVIRONMENTS AB We describe near-infrared (JHK) imaging polarimetry of 21 embedded protostars in the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud. These objects display extended, highly polarized reflection nebulae with V-shaped, unipolar, and bipolar morphologies. Most sources have P-K approximate to 5%-20% in an 8 '' aperture; a few objects have P-K less than or similar to 5%. The polarization increases toward shorter wavelengths and is generally aligned perpendicular to the long axis of the reflection nebula. We develop an analytic scattering model for the near-IR colors and polarizations of embedded protostars. Our Taurus data require visual extinctions, A(V) approximate to 25-60 mag, comparable to those predicted for models of collapsing clouds. The ratio of scattered flux to intrinsic source flux ranges from F-s/F-0 approximate to 0.001 at 1.25 mu m to F-s/F-0 approximate to 0.015 at 3.5 mu m. These results indicate that the observed ratio of scattered light to direct (extincted) light increases from F-s/F-d similar to 0.1 at 3.5 mu m to F-s/F-d similar to 25 at 1.25 mu m. Our data further require intrinsic colors of 0.6 less than or similar to J-H less than or similar to 0.9, 0.3 less than or similar to H-K less than or similar to 0.6, and 0.4 less than or similar to K-L less than or similar to 1.2 for the central sources of Taurus protostars. We adopt the Terebey, Shu, & Cassen solution for an infalling, rotating protostellar cloud and use a two dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code to model the near-IR polarization data for this sample. Our results indicate envelope parameters in agreement with previous estimates from broadband spectral energy distributions and near-IR images. We estimate infall rates, (M) over dot similar to (2-5) x 10(-6) M. yr(-1); centrifugal radii, R-c similar to 10-50 AU; and opening angles of the bipolar cavity, theta(h) approximate to 10 degrees-20 degrees, for a typical object. Standard grain parameters can explain the near-IR colors and polarizations of Taurus protostars. The polarization maps show that Taurus grains have a high maximum polarization at K, P-max,P-K greater than or similar to 80%. The large image sizes of this sample further imply a high K-band albedo, omega(K) approximate to 0.3-0.4. Model polarization maps indicate that the size of the ''polarization disk'' increases with the size of the instrumental point-spread function. Relating the morphology of polarization vectors to disk or envelope properties thus requires some care and a good understanding of the characteristics of the instrument. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. ASTRON OBSERV,RA-5000 CORDOBA,ARGENTINA. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 128 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 2 BP 703 EP 734 DI 10.1086/304454 PN 1 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT240 UT WOS:A1997XT24000023 ER PT J AU Trotter, AS Moran, JM Greenhill, LJ Zheng, XW Gwinn, CR AF Trotter, AS Moran, JM Greenhill, LJ Zheng, XW Gwinn, CR TI VLBA imaging of the OH maser in III Zw 35 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, active; galaxies, individual (III Zw 35); galaxies, nuclei; masers ID MEGAMASERS; EMISSION; REGIONS AB We present a parsec-scale image of the OH maser in the nucleus of the active galaxy III Zw 35, made using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at a wavelength of 18 cm. We detected two distinct components, with a projected separation of 50 pc (for D = 110 Mpc) and a separation in Doppler velocity of 70 km s(-1), which contain 50% of the total maser flux. Velocity gradients within these components could indicate rotation of clouds with binding mass densities of approximately 7000 M. pc(-3) and total masses greater than or similar to 5 x 10(5) M.. Emission in the 1665 MHz OH line is roughly coincident in position with that in the 1667 MHz line, although the lines peak at different Doppler velocities. We detected no lambda = 18 cm continuum emission; our upper limit implies a peak apparent optical depth \tau(OH)\ > 3.4, assuming the maser is an unsaturated amplifier of continuum radiation. C1 NANJING UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,NANJING 210093,JIANGSU,PEOPLES R CHINA. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT PHYS,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. RP Trotter, AS (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS 42,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Moran, James/0000-0002-3882-4414 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 2 BP L79 EP L82 DI 10.1086/310818 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT241 UT WOS:A1997XT24100007 ER PT J AU Hirai, K Heller, EJ AF Hirai, K Heller, EJ TI Topological angles near a periodic orbit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We show that a purely classical phase lag (or advance) is associated with homoclinic motion near a periodic orbit. Trajectories which leave the separatrix region belonging to a given unstable periodic orbit return with a phase shift relative to the periodic orbit, at fixed energy. The phase is topological in that it counts the number of homoclinic cycles but is insensitive to how long it takes to make them. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT CHEM,SEATTLE,WA 98195. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HARVARD UNIV,HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Hirai, K (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 7 BP 1249 EP 1252 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.1249 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XR287 UT WOS:A1997XR28700019 ER PT J AU Yoshino, K Esmond, JR Parkinson, WH AF Yoshino, K Esmond, JR Parkinson, WH TI High-resolution absorption cross section measurements of NO2 in the UV and visible region SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM; TEMPERATURE; N2O4 AB Laboratory measurements of the absorption cross sections of NO2 at the temperature 298.5 K have been made throughout the wavelength region 360-470 nm. The equilibrium constant K-p has been experimentally obtained as 150 hPa, from which the column density of pure NO2 is obtained, The cross sections almost completely agree with the recent results of Merienne et al. [J. Atmos. Chem. 20 (1995) 281]. The cross sections at the higher resolution of 0.14 cm are also obtained in the wavelength region where the spectra have fine structure. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Yoshino, K (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 9 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 221 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(97)00149-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XU931 UT WOS:A1997XU93100014 ER PT J AU Hagedorn, M Kleinhans, FW Freitas, R Liu, J Hsu, EW Wildt, DE Rall, WF AF Hagedorn, M Kleinhans, FW Freitas, R Liu, J Hsu, EW Wildt, DE Rall, WF TI Water distribution and permeability of zebrafish embryos, Brachydanio rerio SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATTLE EMBRYOS; MOUSE EMBRYOS; CRYOPRESERVATION; VITRIFICATION; CELL; CRYOPROTECTANT; PRESERVATION; BEHAVIOR; OOCYTES; LAYER AB Teleost embryos have not been successfully cryopreserved. To formulate successful cryopreservation protocols, the distribution and cellular permeability to water must be understood. In this paper, the zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) was used as a model for basic studies of the distribution to permeability to water. These embryos are a complex multi-compartmental system composed of two membrane-limited compartments, a large yolk (surrounded by the yolk syncytial layer) and differentiating blastoderm cells (each surrounded by a plasma membrane). Due to the complexity of this system, a variety of techniques, including magnetic resonance microscopy and electron spin resonance, was used to measure the water in these compartments. Cellular water was distributed unequally in each compartment. At the 6-somite stage, the percent water (V/V) was distributed as follows: total in embryo = 74%, total in yolk = 42%, and total in blastoderm = 82%. A one-compartment model was used to analyze kinetic, osmotic shrinkage data and determine a phenomenological water permeability parameter, L-p, assuming intracellular isosmotic compartments of either 40 or 300 mosm. This analysis revealed that the membrane permeability changed (P < 0.05) during development. During the 75% epiboly to 3-somite stage, the mean membrane permeability remained constant (L-p = 0.022 +/- 0.002 mu m x min(-1)atm(-1) [mean +/- S.E.M.] assuming isosmotic is 40 mosm or L-p = 0.049 +/- 0.008 mu m x min(-1)atm(-1) assuming isosmotic is 300 mosm). However, at the 6-somite stage, Lp increased twofold (L-p = 0.040 +/- 0.004 mu m x min(-1)atm(-1) assuming isosmotic is 40 mosm or L-p = 0.100 +/- 0.017 mu m x min(-1)atm(-1) assuming isosmotic is 300 mosm). Therefore, the low permeability of the zebrafish embryo coupled with its large size (and consequent low area to volume ratio) led to a very slow osmotic response that should be considered before formulating cryopreservation protocols. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, CONSERVAT RES CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20008 USA. INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202 USA. UNIV TEXAS, DEPT MECH ENGN, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA. METHODIST HOSP INDIANA, CRYOBIOL RES INST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT BIOMED ENGN, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. NIH, NATL CTR RES RESOURCES, VET RESOURCES PROGRAM, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RP Hagedorn, M (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL ZOOL PK, 301 CONN AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20008 USA. RI Rall, William/C-5104-2008 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R29 RR08769] NR 53 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL JI J. Exp. Zool. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 6 BP 356 EP 367 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19970815)278:6<356::AID-JEZ3>3.0.CO;2-N PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA XP433 UT WOS:A1997XP43300003 PM 9262005 ER PT J AU Kleinhans, FW Hagedorn, M AF Kleinhans, FW Hagedorn, M TI Appendix: Measurement of intracellular water volume in multicompartmental systems such as the zebrafish embryo SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPIN; SPERM; CELLS C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. RP Kleinhans, FW (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL JI J. Exp. Zool. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 6 BP 368 EP 371 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA XP433 UT WOS:A1997XP43300004 ER PT J AU Gwinn, CR Eubanks, TM Pyne, T Birkinshaw, M Matsakis, DN AF Gwinn, CR Eubanks, TM Pyne, T Birkinshaw, M Matsakis, DN TI Quasar proper motions and low-frequency gravitational waves SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, observations; gravitation; quasars, general; techniques, interferometric ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPY; GRAND UNIFICATION; LIMITS; RADIATION; PULSARS AB We report observational upper limits on the mass-energy of the cosmological gravitational wave background, from limits on proper motions of quasars. Gravitational waves with periods longer than the time span of observations produce a simple pattern of apparent proper motions over the sky, composed primarily of second-order transverse vector spherical harmonics. A fit of such harmonics to measured motions yields a 95% confidence limit on the mass-energy of gravitational waves with frequencies v < 2 x 10(-9) Hz, of less than 0.11 h(-2) times the closure density of the universe. C1 USN OBSERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20392. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV BRISTOL,HH WILLS PHYS LAB,BRISTOL BS8 1TL,AVON,ENGLAND. RP Gwinn, CR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT PHYS,BROIDA HALL,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. OI Eubanks, Thomas Marshall/0000-0001-9543-0414 NR 29 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1086/304424 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XR037 UT WOS:A1997XR03700006 ER PT J AU Snowden, SL Egger, R Freyberg, MJ McCammon, D Plucinsky, PP Sanders, WT Schmitt, JHMM Trumper, J Voges, W AF Snowden, SL Egger, R Freyberg, MJ McCammon, D Plucinsky, PP Sanders, WT Schmitt, JHMM Trumper, J Voges, W TI ROSAT survey diffuse X-ray background maps .2. SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diffuse radiation; galaxy, center; surveys; X-rays, galaxies; X-rays, ISM ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SCORPIO-CENTAURUS; HALO; PSPC; ENHANCEMENT; EMISSION; GALAXY; MATTER; CLOUDS; STARS AB This paper presents new maps of the soft X-ray background from the ROSAT all-sky survey. These maps represent a significant improvement over the previous version in that (1) the position resolution of the PSPC has been used to improve the angular resolution from similar to 2 degrees to 12', (2) there are six energy bands that divide each of the previous three into two parts, and (3) the contributions of point sources have been removed to a uniform source flux level over most of the sky. These new maps will be available in electronic format later in 1997. In this paper we also consider the bright emission in the general direction of the Galactic center in the 0.5-2.0 keV band, and the apparent absorption trough that runs through it along the Galactic plane. We find that while the northern hemisphere data are confused by emission from Loop I, the emission seen south of the plane is consistent with a bulge of hot gas surrounding the Galactic center (in our simple model, a cylinder with an exponential fall-off of density with height above the plane). The cylinder has a radial extent of similar to 5.6 kpc. The X-ray emitting gas has a scale height of 1.9 kpc, an in-plane electron density of similar to 0.0035 cm(-3), a temperature of similar to 10(6.6) K, a thermal pressure of similar to 28,000 cm(-3) K, and a total luminosity of similar to 2 x 10(39) ergs s(-1) using a collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) plasma emission model. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PHYS,MADISON,WI 53706. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Snowden, SL (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS,D-85740 GARCHING,GERMANY. RI Snowden, Steven/D-5292-2012 NR 69 TC 389 Z9 390 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 1 BP 125 EP & DI 10.1086/304399 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XR037 UT WOS:A1997XR03700010 ER PT J AU Torres, G Stefanik, RP Latham, DW AF Torres, G Stefanik, RP Latham, DW TI The Hyades binaries theta(1) Tauri and theta(2) Tauri: The distance to the cluster and the mass-luminosity relation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries, spectroscopic; open clusters and associations, individual (Hyades); stars, distances; stars, individual (theta(1) Tauri, theta(2) Tauri) ID ICCD SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; MULTIPLE CLOSE FREQUENCIES; PEAK 4-M TELESCOPE; KITT-PEAK; LUNAR OCCULTATIONS; RADIAL-VELOCITY; INTERFEROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES; THEORETICAL ISOCHRONES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AB We report new spectroscopic observations of the close binaries theta(1) Tauri and theta(2) Tauri in the Hyades. Our radial velocities for the primary component of theta(1) Tau, supplemented with other velocities from the literature and existing astrometric information (speckle observations and lunar occultation measurements); have enabled us to solve for an astrometric-spectroscopic orbit giving a period of 16.3 yr and a nearly edge-on configuration on the sky. We have analyzed our echelle spectra of theta(2) Tauri with TODCOR, a two-dimensional cross-correlation technique, and have derived a new spectroscopic orbit for this difficult system, including the orbital velocity amplitude of the rapidly rotating secondary component. We then combine this spectroscopic orbit with a published astrometric orbit from the Mark III interferometer and solve for the individual masses and the orbital parallax. Our analysis technique should eliminate the distortion in the velocity amplitude of the primary that has plagued previous studies by fully accounting for the presence of the secondary in the spectrum. Using proper motions for a representative sample of cluster members, dong with the orbital parallax of theta(2) Tau, we obtain a new estimate for the distance modulus of the Hyades of m - M = 3.39 +/- 0.08 (47.6 +/- 1.8 pc), in excellent agreement (1%) with similar estimates from two other Hyades binaries (51 Tau and phi 342), as well as with results from other methods. We also derive individual masses for theta(1) Tau using the distance information from theta(2) Tau, transferred via relative proper motions. There are now nine main-sequence stars in the Hyades with directly determined masses and with known individual distances. We compare the empirical mass-luminosity relation from these data with recent theoretical isochrones and show that they are in good agreement. This provides a stringent test of stellar evolution models that does not invoke arbitrary shifts, as is usual in the main-sequence fitting technique for clusters. RP Torres, G (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 81 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 1 BP 167 EP 181 DI 10.1086/304422 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XR037 UT WOS:A1997XR03700015 ER PT J AU Slane, P Seward, FD Bandiera, R Torii, K Tsunemi, H AF Slane, P Seward, FD Bandiera, R Torii, K Tsunemi, H TI Nonthermal X-ray emission from CTA 1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, individual (CTA 1); supernova remnants; X-rays, ISM ID SPECTRUM AB CTA 1 is a center-filled supernova remnant (SNR) whose morphology and spectrum indicate the presence of a central pulsar, a synchrotron nebula, and a thermal component associated with the expansion of the blast wave into the interstellar medium. The centrally bright emission surrounds the position of a faint point source of X-rays observed with the ROSAT PSPC. Here we report on ASCA observations that confirm the nonthermal nature of the diffuse emission from the central regions of the remnant. We also present evidence for weak thermal emission that appears to increase in strength toward the outer boundary of the SNR. Thus, CTA 1 appears to be an X-ray composite remnant. Both the aftermath of the explosive supernova event and the energetic compact core are observable. C1 OSSERV ASTROFIS ARCETRI,I-50125 FLORENCE,ITALY. OSAKA UNIV,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,TOYONAKA,OSAKA 560,JAPAN. RP Slane, P (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Bandiera, Rino/0000-0002-7099-2151 NR 18 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 1 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1086/304416 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XR037 UT WOS:A1997XR03700020 ER PT J AU Saar, SH Donahue, RA AF Saar, SH Donahue, RA TI Activity-related radial velocity variation in cool stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE convection; planetary systems; stars, activity; stars, late-type; techniques, radial velocities ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; INTEGRATED SUNLIGHT; STELLAR GRANULATION; APPARENT VELOCITY; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; LINE ASYMMETRIES; ACTIVITY CYCLE; ROTATION; SUN; COMPANIONS AB Planets have been detected orbiting several solar-type stars with the use of high-precision radial velocity (v(r)) measurements. While changes in v(r) can be measured with an accuracy of a few meters per second, there has been relatively little study of how other astrophysical processes, such as magnetic activity, may affect the observed velocities. In this paper, we use published data and simple models to explore the contributions to v(r) from two activity-related sources, starspots and convective inhomogeneities, as these features rotate across the disk and evolve in time. Radial velocity perturbations due to both of these sources increase with rotation and the level of surface activity. Our models indicate that for solar-age G stars, the amplitude of perturbations due to spots is A(s) less than or similar to 5 m s(-1), increasing to A(s) similar to 30-50 m s(-1) for Hyades-age G stars. If f(s) is the starspot area coverage, we find that A(s) proportional to f(s)(0.9)v sin i. The effects of convective inhomogeneities (as observed in line bisector variations) appear to depend on both rotation and spectral type. Young (active) F and G dwarfs can have convective v(r) perturbations with amplitudes A(c) less than or similar to 50 m s(-1), while v(r) amplitudes are reduced for stars with lower v sin i and cooler T-eff. We show that v(r) data from the literature display similar trends with v sin i and T-eff. A(s) and A(c) will be strongest at or near timescales related to magnetic activity variations: rotation, active region growth and decay, and activity cycles. Thus, knowledge of these timescales and typical A(s) and A(c) values are important in searching for extrasolar planets, especially those around younger, more active stars or those with small v(r) reflex amplitudes (i.e., less than or similar to 20 m s(-1)). We discuss implications of our results for current planet detections and planet search strategies. C1 MT WILSON INST,PASADENA,CA 91106. RP Saar, SH (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 67 TC 238 Z9 241 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 1 BP 319 EP 327 DI 10.1086/304392 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XR037 UT WOS:A1997XR03700031 ER PT J AU Garcia, MR AF Garcia, MR TI Black hole event horizons and advection-dominated accretion SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HDE 226868; A0620-00; MASS RP Garcia, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT SCIENCE ASSN PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, PO BOX 8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD AUG 10 PY 1997 VL 73 IS 3 BP 242 EP 246 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XR575 UT WOS:A1997XR57500016 ER PT J AU West, SA Herre, EA Compton, SG Godfray, HCJ Cook, JM AF West, SA Herre, EA Compton, SG Godfray, HCJ Cook, JM TI A comparative study of virginity in fig wasps SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID CONSTRAINED SEX ALLOCATION; LOCAL MATE COMPETITION; DEVELOPMENTAL MORTALITY; OPTIMALITY MODELS; PARASITIC WASPS; NEW-WORLD; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; RATIOS; HYMENOPTERA AB In haplodiploid species, the presence of unmated (virgin) females that can produce only haploid male offspring may have several important effects on a range of phenomena such as reproductive strategies, the transmission of parasitic chromosomes and the evolution of eusociality. The strength of these effects will depend upon the prevalence of virgin females. Two theories make conflicting predictions concerning the importance of factors that should be associated with increased levels of virginity, emphasizing either the degree of local mate competition or brood size. In this paper, a model is presented which predicts that, under conditions of local mate competition, the prevalence of virginity should be negatively correlated with the average number of offspring developing in a patch. The different predictions were then tested using data from 53 species of fig wasps representing 15 genera from four continents. Across species, the estimated prevalence of virginity was significantly inversely related to brood size, but showed no correlation with sex ratio (an index of local mate competition), supporting the predictions of our model. Qualitatively similar results were found when a formal comparative analysis was carried out using a morphologically and molecularly based phylogeny. (C) 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. C1 UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,DEPT BIOL,ASCOT SL5 7PY,BERKS,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,NERC,CTR POPULAT BIOL,ASCOT SL5 7PY,BERKS,ENGLAND. UNIV LEEDS,DEPT PURE & APPL BIOL,LEEDS LS2 9JT,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RI Cook, James/D-6423-2011; West, Stuart/M-3608-2014 OI Cook, James/0000-0001-8447-6126; West, Stuart/0000-0003-2152-3153 NR 64 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 54 BP 437 EP 450 DI 10.1006/anbe.1996.0494 PN 2 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA XR968 UT WOS:A1997XR96800023 ER PT J AU Riess, AG Filippenko, AV Leonard, DC Schmidt, BP Suntzeff, N Phillips, MM Schommer, R Clocchiatti, A Kirshner, RP Garnavich, P Challis, P Leibundgut, B Spyromilio, J Smith, RC AF Riess, AG Filippenko, AV Leonard, DC Schmidt, BP Suntzeff, N Phillips, MM Schommer, R Clocchiatti, A Kirshner, RP Garnavich, P Challis, P Leibundgut, B Spyromilio, J Smith, RC TI Time dilation from spectral feature age measurements of Type Ia supernovae SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SN-1991T; PREMAXIMUM; REDSHIFTS; GALAXIES; UNIVERSE; NGC-3627 AB We have developed a quantitative, empirical method for estimating the age of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from a single spectral epoch. The technique examines the goodness of fit of spectral features as a function of the temporal evolution of a large database of SNe Ia spectral features, When a SN Ia spectrum with good signal-to-noise ratio over the rest frame range 3800 to 6800 Angstrom is available, the precision of a spectral feature age (SFA) is (1 sigma) similar to 1.3 days. SFA estimates are made for two spectral epochs of SN 1996bj (z = 0.574) to measure the rate of aging at high redshift. In the 10.05 days which elapsed between spectral observations, SN 1996bj aged 3.35+/-13.2 days, consistent with the 6.38 days of aging expected in an expanding Universe and inconsistent with no time dilation at the 96.4% confidence level, The precision to which individual features constrain the supernova age has implications for the source of inhomogeneities among SNe Ia. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV, MT STROMLO & SIDING SPRING OBSERV, WESTON, ACT 2611, AUSTRALIA. CERRO TOLOLO INTERAMER OBSERV, LA SILLA, CHILE. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. EUROPEAN SO OBSERV, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT ASTRON, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. RP Riess, AG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT ASTRON, 601 CAMPBELL HALL, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. OI Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0002-8538-9195 NR 40 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 114 IS 2 BP 722 EP 729 DI 10.1086/118506 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XN548 UT WOS:A1997XN54800021 ER PT J AU Marschall, LA Stefanik, RP Lacy, CH Torres, G Williams, DB Agerer, F AF Marschall, LA Stefanik, RP Lacy, CH Torres, G Williams, DB Agerer, F TI The eclipsing double-lined spectroscopic binary system V505 Persei SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MAIN-SEQUENCE; STARS; MASSES AB The recently-discovered eclipsing double-lined spectroscopic binary V505 Persei (SAG 23229) consists of two nearly identical F5 main sequence stars in a 4.2 day orbit. We have obtained both spectroscopic and photometric observations of the binary that densely sample the complete cycle of radial velocity and light variations, These observations have been used to determine the elements of the orbit, to determine individual masses of the stars in the system to a precision of better than 1%, and to estimate an age for the system. The derived properties agree well with current stellar structure models and provide fundamental data for tests of stellar evolution theory. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT PHYS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. PRIVATE OBSERV,D-84184 ZWEIKIRCHEN,GERMANY. RP Marschall, LA (reprint author), GETTYSBURG COLL,DEPT PHYS,GETTYSBURG,PA 17325, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 114 IS 2 BP 793 EP 799 DI 10.1086/118511 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XN548 UT WOS:A1997XN54800026 ER PT J AU Gullbring, E Barwig, H Schmitt, JHMM AF Gullbring, E Barwig, H Schmitt, JHMM TI Simultaneous optical and ROSAT X-ray observations of the classical T Tauri star BP Tauri SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars, activity; flare; pre-main-sequence; stars, individual, BP Tauri; X-rays, stars ID DARK CLOUD; LIGHT VARIABILITY; ACCRETION; PHOTOMETRY AB The classical T Tauri star BP Tauri has been simultaneously observed with UBVRI high-speed photometry at a time resolution of 2 sec and with the ROSAT PSPC detector during five nights. BP Tauri showed brightness variations on time scales ranging from nights to hours both in the optical and in the X-ray band, however, the night-to-night variations in the optical and X-ray spectral regions were not correlated. On one occasion, a short term optical event with an amplitude in U of similar to 0.05(m) and a time duration of 1.2 hours occurred, with no corresponding increase in the X-ray count rate during the decay of the event. In conclusion, the observations show that there are no detectable correlations between the optical and X-ray variability of BP Tau on time scales ranging from 1 hour to days. We discuss the possibility that the optical variability of BP Tau is related to accretion of circumstellar material onto the central star, while the X-ray emission presumably comes from magnetically active regions. C1 UNIV STERNWARTE, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Gullbring, E (reprint author), STOCKHOLM OBSERV, S-13336 SALTSJOBADEN, SWEDEN. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 324 IS 1 BP 155 EP 160 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XR029 UT WOS:A1997XR02900016 ER PT J AU Codella, C Welser, R Henkel, C Benson, PJ Myers, PC AF Codella, C Welser, R Henkel, C Benson, PJ Myers, PC TI Four dense molecular cores in the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC) - Ammonia and cyanodiacetylene observations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM, clouds; ISM, molecules; radio lines, ISM; ISM, individual objects, TMC ID DARK CLOUDS; STAR-FORMATION; INTERSTELLAR AMMONIA; IRAS SOURCES; NH3; CO; THERMOMETER; SPECTRUM; EMISSION; REGIONS AB Trying to obtain a more complete picture of star forming regions in the Taurus molecular cloud, four dense molecular cores (L1521D, L1521F, L1524, L1507A) are identified and mapped through the ammonia (J,K)= (1,1) and (2,2) rotational inversion lines. These cores have sizes from 0.06 to 0.09 pc, hydrogen densities from 0.6 10(4) to 19.9 10(4) cm(-3) and kinetic temperatures between 7.9 and 9.9 K. The masses range from 0.2 and 1.0 M., placing the cores with the lowest M values at the lower edge of the mass distribution for ammonia cores in the TMC. Turbulent, thermal and gravitational energies have been estimated. A comparison between these energy terms and considerations related to thermal and turbulent line broadening indicate that these cores are close to gravitational equilibrium. Moreover, we report detections of the J=9-8 transition of HC5N towards the ammonia peak positions of these four molecular cores. The HC5N column densities are between 1.6 10(12) and 9.2 10(12) cm(-2), in agreement with values derived for other molecular cores located in the TMC. C1 MAX PLANCK INST RADIOASTRON, D-53121 BONN, GERMANY. WHITIN OBSERV, WELLESLEY, MA 02181 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. OI Codella, Claudio/0000-0003-1514-3074 NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 324 IS 1 BP 203 EP 210 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XR029 UT WOS:A1997XR02900021 ER PT J AU Castelli, F Gratton, RG Kurucz, RL AF Castelli, F Gratton, RG Kurucz, RL TI Notes on the convection in the ATLAS9 model atmospheres (vol 318, pg 841, 1997) SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 CNR, OSSERVATORIO ASTRON, I-34131 TRIESTE, ITALY. OSSERV ASTRON PADOVA, I-35122 PADUA, ITALY. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Castelli, F (reprint author), CNR, GRO NAZL ASTRON, VIA GB TIEPOLO 11, I-34131 TRIESTE, ITALY. NR 1 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 324 IS 1 BP 432 EP 432 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XR029 UT WOS:A1997XR02900041 ER PT J AU Sasselov, DD Beaulieu, JP Renault, C Grison, P Ferlet, R VidalMadjar, A Maurice, E Prevot, L Aubourg, E Bareyre, P Brehin, S Coutures, C Delabrouille, N deKat, J Gros, M Laurent, B LachiezeRey, M Lesquoy, E Magneville, C Milsztajn, A Moscoso, L Queinnec, F Rich, J Sprio, M Vigroux, L Zylberajch, S Ansari, R Cavalier, F Moniez, M Gry, C Guibert, J Moreau, O Tajhmady, F AF Sasselov, DD Beaulieu, JP Renault, C Grison, P Ferlet, R VidalMadjar, A Maurice, E Prevot, L Aubourg, E Bareyre, P Brehin, S Coutures, C Delabrouille, N deKat, J Gros, M Laurent, B LachiezeRey, M Lesquoy, E Magneville, C Milsztajn, A Moscoso, L Queinnec, F Rich, J Sprio, M Vigroux, L Zylberajch, S Ansari, R Cavalier, F Moniez, M Gry, C Guibert, J Moreau, O Tajhmady, F TI Metallicity effects on the Cepheid extragalactic distance scale from EROS photometry in the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: Cepheids; distance; stars: abundances ID PERIOD-LUMINOSITY RELATION; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; H-II REGIONS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; KEY PROJECT; VARIABLES; DISCOVERY; BRIGHTNESS; DEPENDENCE; CONSTANT AB This is an investigation of the period-luminosity relation of classical Cepheids in samples of different metallicity. It is based on 481 Cepheids in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds from the blue and red filter CCD observations (most similar to V-J & R-J) of the French EROS microlensing project, The data-set is complete and provides an excellent basis for a differential analysis between LMC and SMC. In comparison to previous studies of effects on the PL-relation, the EROS dataset offers extremely well-sampled light curves and well-filled instability strips. This allows reliable separation of Cepheids pulsating in the fundamental and the first overtone mode and derivation of differential reddening. Our main result concerns the determination of distances to galaxies which are inferred by using the LMC as a base and using two color photometry to establish the amount of reddening. We find a zero-point offset between SMC and LMC which amounts to a difference between inferred and true distance modulus of 0.14+/-0.06 mag in the VIc system, The offset is exactly the same in both sets of PL-relations - of the fundamental and of the first overtone mode Cepheids. No effect is seen on the slopes of the PL-relations, although the fundamental and the first overtone mode Cepheids have different PL slopes. We attribute the color and the zero-point offset to the difference in metallicity between the SMC and LMC Cepheids. A metallicity effect of that small magnitude still has important consequences for the inferred Cepheid distances and the determination of H-0. When applied to recent estimates based on HST Cepheid observations, our metallicity dependence makes the low H-0 values (Sandage et al. 1994) higher and the high-H-0 values (Freedman et al, 1994b) lower, thus bringing those discrepant estimates into agreement near H-0 similar to 70 km.s(-1) Mpc(-1). C1 CNRS, INST ASTROPHYS, F-75014 PARIS, FRANCE. CTR ETUD SACLAY, CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE. OBSERV MARSEILLE, F-13248 MARSEILLE 04, FRANCE. CNRS, ASTRON SPATIALE LAB, F-13120 MARSEILLE, FRANCE. OBSERV PARIS, CNRS, INST NATL SCI UNIVERS, CTR ANAL IMAGES, F-75014 PARIS, FRANCE. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 42 TC 128 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 324 IS 2 BP 471 EP 482 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT419 UT WOS:A1997XT41900014 ER PT J AU Theurer, J Ulmschneider, P Kalkofen, W AF Theurer, J Ulmschneider, P Kalkofen, W TI Acoustic wave propagation in the solar atmosphere .5. Observations versus simulations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; shock waves; waves; Sun: chromosphere; Sun: oscillations ID OSCILLATIONS; CHROMOSPHERE; CONVECTION; GENERATION; EXCITATION; DYNAMICS; GRAINS AB We study the evolution of spectra of acoustic waves that are generated in the convection zone and propagate upward into the photosphere, where we compare the simulated acoustic spectra with the spectrum observed in an Fe I line. Although there is no pronounced 3 min component in the spectra generated in the convection zone, there are dominant 3 min features in the theoretical spectra, in agreement with the observed spectrum. We interpret the occurrence of the 3 min features as the response of the solar atmosphere to the acoustic waves which shifts high frequency wave energy to low frequencies. We also find qualitative agreement for the acoustic power between the wave simulations and the observations. C1 UNIV HEIDELBERG, INST THEORET ASTROPHYS, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 324 IS 2 BP 717 EP 724 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT419 UT WOS:A1997XT41900042 ER PT J AU DeMey, K Aerts, C Waelkens, C Cranmer, SR Schrijvers, C Telting, JH Daems, K Meeus, G AF DeMey, K Aerts, C Waelkens, C Cranmer, SR Schrijvers, C Telting, JH Daems, K Meeus, G TI The line-profile variable lambda Scorpii is a spectroscopic triple system SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: binaries: spectroscopic; stars: oscillations; stars: individual: lambda Scorpii; line: profiles ID BETA-CEPHEI STARS; B-TYPE STARS; MODE-IDENTIFICATION; PULSATING STARS; MOMENT METHOD; WINDS; VARIABILITY; EMISSION AB An analysis of 278 spectra of the line-profile variable lambda Scorpii leads t lambda Sco is the primary of a binary system. The radial-velocity variations have a peak-to-peak amplitude of similar to 60 km/s and an orbital period of 5.959 days. The orbit is not circular but has an eccentricity of 0.29. The 5(d).959-binary system probably moves in orbit with another distant, as yet unknown third star. By means of three five-hour time series of high-resolution spectra, the oscillations of the rapidly rotating beta Cephei-type main component are investigated. Line-profile variations, which reveal travelling subfeatures across the lines, are discovered. lambda Sco is so far one of the very few beta Cephei stars in which such a moving-bump phenomenon is detected. Radial-velocity variations are derived from the data and analysed to reveal a main oscillation frequency near 4.66 cycles day(-1), and some more candidate frequencies. lambda Sco is a non-radially pulsating beta Cephei star which rotates supersynchronously. The characteristics of lambda Sco and the zeta Oph stars are briefly addressed. Despite the common line-profile behaviour, spectral type, and v sin i, we find no evidence of circumstellar material around lambda Sco. C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV AMSTERDAM, ASTRON INST ANTON PANNEKOEK, NL-1098 SJ AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. NETHERLANDS FDN RES ASTRON, ISAAC NEWTON GRP TELESCOPES, E-38780 SANTA CRUZ PALMA, SPAIN. RP DeMey, K (reprint author), KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN, STERREKUNDIG INST, CELESTIJNENLAAN 200B, B-3001 HEVERLEE, BELGIUM. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 324 IS 3 BP 1096 EP 1104 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT422 UT WOS:A1997XT42200043 ER PT J AU Courbin, F Magain, P Keeton, CR Kochanek, CS Vanderriest, C Jaunsen, AO Hjorth, J AF Courbin, F Magain, P Keeton, CR Kochanek, CS Vanderriest, C Jaunsen, AO Hjorth, J TI The geometry of the quadruply imaged quasar PG 1115+080; implications for H-0 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Letter DE gravitational lensing; data analysis ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE AB Time delay measurements have recently been reported for the lensed quasar PG 1115+080. These measurements can be used to derive H-0, but only if we can constrain the lensing potential. We have applied a recently developed deconvolution technique to analyze sub-arcsecond I band images of PG 1115+080, obtained at the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) and the Canada France Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). The high performance of the deconvolution code allows us to derive precise positions and magnitudes for the four lensed images of the quasar, as well as for the lensing galaxy. The new measurement of the galaxy position improves its precision by a factor of 3 and thus strengthens the constraints on the lensing potential. With the new data, a range of models incorporating some of the plausible systematic uncertainties yields H-0 = 53(-7)(+10) km s(-1) Mpc(-1). C1 OBSERV PARIS, DAEC, URA 173 CNRS, F-92195 MEUDON, FRANCE. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV OSLO, INST THEORET ASTROPHYS, N-0315 OSLO, NORWAY. NORDITA, DK-2100 COPENHAGEN O, DENMARK. RP Courbin, F (reprint author), UNIV LIEGE, INST ASTROPHYS, AVE COINTE 5, B-4000 LIEGE, BELGIUM. RI Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014 OI Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306 NR 12 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 324 IS 2 BP L1 EP L4 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT419 UT WOS:A1997XT41900001 ER PT J AU Favata, F Mewe, R Brickhouse, NS Pallavicini, R Micela, G Dupree, AK AF Favata, F Mewe, R Brickhouse, NS Pallavicini, R Micela, G Dupree, AK TI A SAX/LECS X-ray observation of the active binary Capella SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Letter DE stars: individual: Capella; stars: late-type; stars: activity; X-rays: stars ID CORONAL STRUCTURE; ABUNDANCES; EMISSION; STARS; SPECTRUM; GIANTS AB We present a SAX/LECS X-ray observation of the active binary Capella, the first coronal source observed in the SAX Guest Investigator program. The analysis of this observation, performed using the MEKAL plasma emission code, shows that the LEGS spectrum is well fit by a two-component optically-thin plasma model. A differential emission measure (DEM) obtained by direct inversion of the X-ray spectrum shows no additional features in addition to the double-peaked structure implied by the direct two-temperature analysis. Such a simple temperature stratification is however not compatible with the EWE emission from the same object, which is well represented by a more complex DEM, with a power-law-like tail toward the low temperatures. At the same time, the EUVE-derived DEM predicts well the softer part of the Capella LEGS spectrum, but it fails to correctly reproduce the higher energy part of the Capella LEGS spectrum. Possible causes for this discrepancy are discussed. The coronal metallicity derived from the SAX observation is compatible both with the EWE-derived metallicity as well as with the photospheric metallicity of Capella, thus showing no evidence for coronal under-abundances. C1 SRON, SPACE RES LAB, NL-3584 CA UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. OSSERV ASTRON PALERMO, I-90134 PALERMO, ITALY. RP Favata, F (reprint author), EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, ESTEC, DEPT SPACE SCI, DIV ASTROPHYS, POSTBUS 299, NL-2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 324 IS 3 BP L37 EP L40 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT422 UT WOS:A1997XT42200001 ER PT J AU Tucker, W David, LP AF Tucker, W David, LP TI A feedback model for radio sources fueled by cooling flows SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cooling flows; galaxies, clusters, general ID ELECTRON-BEAM; CD-GALAXIES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ABELL CLUSTERS; PLASMA; GAS; WAVES; CONDUCTION; SCATTERING; EVOLUTION AB In many clusters of galaxies, radiative cooling in the central regions appears to drive an accretion flow. Many of these ''cooling-flow clusters'' possess strong radio sources in the central regions, which suggests a causal relation between the cooling flow and the radio source. We consider a general model in which a cooling flow produces and interacts with relativistic electrons in the core of the cluster. These electrons heat the inflowing gas, generating negative feedback that reduces the accretion rate. For sufficiently strong feedback, the accretion flow shows an oscillatory behavior on a timescale of several hundred million years. RP Tucker, W (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MAIL STOP 4,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 42 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 2 BP 602 EP 607 DI 10.1086/304345 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XP941 UT WOS:A1997XP94100009 ER PT J AU Gu, YM Jefferies, JT Lindsey, C Avrett, EH AF Gu, YM Jefferies, JT Lindsey, C Avrett, EH TI A stochastic model of the solar atmosphere SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; Sun, atmosphere; Sun, infrared ID TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER OBSERVATIONS; CA-II-K; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SUBMILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS; BRIGHTNESS PROFILE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ACTIVE REGIONS; LIMB PROFILES; QUIET SUN AB We present a model for the lower solar atmosphere based on continuum observations of the Sun spanning the 2-1200 mu m wavelength range. We have shown that the data, in particular the center-to-limb brightness profiles at 50-350 mu m, cannot be accounted for by any model which is plane-parallel and homogeneous in the height range in which this radiation is formed. We accordingly set out to develop a two-component model as the natural generalization. Making use of a theory for radiation transfer in a stochastic multi-component atmosphere, we find that one can indeed obtain an inhomogeneous model which satisfies center-to-limb data over the 2-1200 mu m range. This composite model is made up of hot ''flux tubes'' randomly embedded in a cool medium, the flux tubes expanding to occupy an increasing proportion of the atmosphere as we move up in height. The cool ambient component shows a monotonic decrease in temperature in the range defined by the data. The temperature in the hot component is constant at about 6500 K up to about 400 km and increases monotonically above that height. The center-to-limb observations demand that the gas in the interiors of the flux tubes be recessed downward with respect to a hydrostatic equilibrium distribution of density. This appears to constitute a chromospheric Wilson depression consistent with a magnetic field of about 120 G in the flux-tube interior at a height of about 600 km. The new model is shown to be consistent with other spectral measurements independent of those used to define it. It gives a very good fit to the 0.5 mu m continuum intensities across the disk, and provides an excellent accounting for the disk-center brightness temperature in the center of the 3-2 R14 CO line at 4.667 mu m. A boundary temperature of less than about 3000 K in the cold component is suggested from the limb-darkening data available for this line. In an appendix we mention a procedure for an analogous study based on the intensities of multiplet lines, which may hold promise for modeling over a wider range of heights that can be spanned by the IR data. C1 NATL SOLAR OBSERV, SOLAR PHYS RES CORP, TUCSON, AZ 85726 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 2 BP 960 EP 978 DI 10.1086/304353 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XP941 UT WOS:A1997XP94100040 ER PT J AU Losos, JB DeQueiroz, K AF Losos, JB DeQueiroz, K TI Evolutionary consequences of ecological release in Caribbean Anolis lizards SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptive radiation; lizard; phylogeny; specialization ID MORPHOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; ISLAND AB On the large islands of the Greater Antilles, multi-species communities of Anolis lizards are composed of species specialized to use particular habitats; similar sets of specialized species have evolved independently on each island. We studied species of anoles found on small Caribbean islands. Because these islands contain at most only one other species of anole, we predicted that species on these islands should not be as specialized as Greater Antillean species; rather, they might be expected to exhibit a generalized morphology and a greater breadth of habitat use. Our findings, however, do not confirm these predictions. Lesser Antillean species do not exhibit greater breadth of habitat use than Greater Antillean species, nor do they exhibit a generalized morphology. Most species are ecologically and morphologically similar to specialized trunk-crown anoles of the Greater Antilles, although some species exhibit morphologies unlike those seen in Greater Antillean species. Among descendants-of specialized Greater Antillean species occurring on one or two-species islands, most descendants of trunk-crown species have diverged relatively little, whereas several descendants of trunk-ground anoles have diverged considerably. Consequently, eve propose that ancestral species in the Greater Antilles may have been trunk-crown anoles. (C) 1997 The Linnean Society of London. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DIV AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Losos, JB (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,CAMPUS BOX 1137,ST LOUIS,MO 63130, USA. NR 62 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 BP 459 EP 483 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1997.tb01802.x PG 25 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA XV525 UT WOS:A1997XV52500002 ER PT J AU Swanson, WF Wolfe, BA Brown, JL MartinJimenez, T Riviere, JE Roth, TL Wildt, DE AF Swanson, WF Wolfe, BA Brown, JL MartinJimenez, T Riviere, JE Roth, TL Wildt, DE TI Pharmacokinetics and ovarian-stimulatory effects of equine and human chorionic gonadotropins administered singly and in combination in the domestic cat SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID MARE SERUM GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; EMBRYONIC MORTALITY; DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE; FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; PERIOVULATORY PERIOD; EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS; AROMATASE-ACTIVITY AB Pregnancy success and embryo survival are low with the use of assisted reproduction in felids treated with exogenous gonadotropins. In this study, the pharmacokinetics and ovarian-stimulatory effects of eCG and hCG were evaluated in the domestic cat. Catheterized anestrual queens (n = 4 per treatment [Trt] group) were given 100 IU eCG i.v. (Trt 1), 100 IU eCG i.m. (Trt 2), 75 IU hCG i.v. (Trt 31, 75 IU hCG i.m. (Trt 4), or 100 IU eCG i.m. followed 80 h later by 75 IU hCG i.m. (Trt 5). Blood samples were collected at 0, 5, 30, and 60 min and 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 h postinjection, and serum samples were analyzed for estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, eCG, and hCG. Pharmacokinetic traits (volume of distribution, Vd; elimination half-life, t(1/2 beta); clearance rate, Clr) were calculated for eCG and hCG. When i.v. and i.m. administration were compared, no differences (p > 0.05) were observed in follicle or corpus luteum (CL) number or hormone concentrations for queens receiving eCG or hCG alone. Number of mature ovarian follicles (greater than or equal to 2 mm diameter) observed at 168 h postinjection did not differ (p > 0.05) for eCG (mean +/- SEM, 10.5 +/- 2.0) vs. hCG (11.1 +/- 3.0), indicating that these were equally effective in inducing follicular growth. In most queens (> 90%) given single gonadotropins (i.m. or i.v.), eCG and hCG persisted in circulation for at least 120 h and 96 h after injection, respectively, reflecting similar (p > 0.05) pharmacokinetic (i.v.) values for Vd (eCG, 91.4 +/- 24.8 ml/kg; hCG, 59.1 +/- 7.9 ml/kg), t(1/2 beta) (eCG, 23.0 +/- 2.4 h; hCG, 22.9 +/- 4.1 h), and Clr (eCG, 2.7 +/- 0.5 ml/h per kg; hCG, 1.8 +/- 0.1 ml/h per kg). Sequential treatment with eCG + hCG did not affect (p > 0.05) the t(1/2 beta) of individual gonadotropins. In summary, eCG and hCG have comparable pharmacokinetics and ovarian-stimulatory activity when administered alone to the domestic cat. These findings suggest that hCG promotes the ancillary follicle formation that is frequently observed after ovulation in cats treated with eCG + hCG regimens, possibly disrupting the maternal environment and decreasing fecundity following assisted reproductive procedures. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,RALEIGH,NC 27606. RP Swanson, WF (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT REPROD PHYSIOL,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,NATL ZOOL PK,1500 REMOUNT RD,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630, USA. RI Riviere, Jim/A-9210-2008 OI Riviere, Jim/0000-0001-8412-9650 FU NCRR NIH HHS [K01 RR0009801]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD 23853] NR 68 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 57 IS 2 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1095/biolreprod57.2.295 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XM318 UT WOS:A1997XM31800009 PM 9241042 ER PT J AU Jewitt, SL Collette, BB AF Jewitt, SL Collette, BB TI Ernest A. Lachner 1915-1996 - Obituary SO COPEIA LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Jewitt, SL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DIV FISHES,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD AUG 1 PY 1997 IS 3 BP 650 EP 658 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA XQ307 UT WOS:A1997XQ30700020 ER PT J AU Good, SV Williams, DF Ralls, K Fleischer, RC AF Good, SV Williams, DF Ralls, K Fleischer, RC TI Population structure of Dipodomys ingens (Heteromyidae): The role of spatial heterogeneity in maintaining genetic diversity SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE effective population size; gene flow; hierarchical population structure; kangaroo rats; mtDNA ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; KANGAROO RATS; SEQUENCES; DISPERSAL; MICE; SUBSTITUTIONS; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; HISTORY AB The giant kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ingens (Heteromyidae), is an endangered rodent that inhabits approximately 3% of its estimated historic range. Its current distribution is centered in two,geographic areas, situated about 150 km apart, in south-central California. We sequenced a 293 base-pair fragment at the 5' end of the control region in 95 giant kangaroo rats from nine localities to examine the genetic structure of extant populations. We determine that mutations in this section of the control region follow a negative binominal distribution, rather than a Poisson. However, the distance between haplotypes is small enough that the difference between a tree that corrects for the non-Poisson distribution of mutations and one that does not, is minimal. This implies that the use of methods that assume a Poisson distribution of mutations, such as those based on coalescent theory, are justified. We find that the correlation between levels of genetic diversity and estimated census size is poor. This suggests that population sizes have fluctuated over time or that populations have not been isolated from one another, or both. Pie also examine the hierarchical structure of populations and find that the southern populations are not genetically subdivided but that there is significant subdivision between northern and southern populations and between some northern subpopulations. The phylogeographic relationship between northern and southern populations can primarily be attributed to isolation by distance, although the time since divergence between them appears to be less than the age of either. To examine the phylogeographic relationships in more detail we construct a minimum spanning tree based on Tamura-Nei gamma-corrected distances and superimpose on it the geographic position of haplotypes. This reveals that there is more genetic distance between some northern haplotypes than between any northern and southern haplotypes, despite the geographic distance separating north from south and the larger size of the southern population. It also reveals that one northern population, in the Panoche Valley, contains old allelic lineages and shares ancestral polymorphism with several other populations. It also shows that two, small, geographically remote populations contain a surprising amount of genetic diversity, but that different population/geographic processes have affected the structure of that diversity. We estimate the average migration rate among all populations to be 7.5 per generation, and conclude that a disproportionate number of migration events involve gene flow with one northern population, the Panoche Valley. We find evidence for the hypothesis that there has been an increase in population size in the remaining populations in the north and suggest that the Panoche Valley could play a role in these expansions. Finally we discuss the probability that the genetic structure of the southern populations has been affected by fluctuations in size. These results are briefly compared to other studies on the genetic structure of rodent populations. C1 SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY ENDANGERED SPECIES RECOVERY PL,FRESNO,CA 93727. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. RP Good, SV (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL & MOL EVOLUTIONARY GENET,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD AUG PY 1997 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1296 EP 1310 DI 10.2307/2411058 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XV274 UT WOS:A1997XV27400028 ER PT J AU Wood, JA Brett, R AF Wood, JA Brett, R TI Comment on ''The rate of pyrite decomposition on the surface of Venus'' SO ICARUS LA English DT Article AB Fegley et al. (1995, B. Fegley Jr., K. Lodders, A. H. Treiman, and G. Klingelhoffer. Icarus 115, 159-180,) describe a series of furnace experiments in which the mineral pyrite was decomposed in various gas environments, They use these data to estimate the rate of pyrite decomposition on the surface of Venus, The issue of the presence or absence of pyrite on the Venus surface is of significance because pyrite has an important potential effect on the electromagnetic properties of planetary surface materials sensed by radar (1997, J. A. Wood. In Venus II (S. Bougher, D. M. Hunten, and R. Phillips, Eds.). Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, in press). We argue that the decomposition rates found by Fegley et al. are not applicable to the surface of Venus, because none of the gas environments used by those authors accurately reproduced the atmospheric composition at the Venus surface. (C) Academic Press. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP Wood, JA (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 1997 VL 128 IS 2 BP 472 EP 473 DI 10.1006/icar.1997.5743 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT893 UT WOS:A1997XT89300016 ER PT J AU Nates, SF Felder, DL Lemaitre, R AF Nates, SF Felder, DL Lemaitre, R TI Comparative larval development in two species of the burrowing ghost shrimp genus Lepidophthalmus (Decapoda: Callianassidae) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOUISIANENSIS SCHMITT; MUD SHRIMP; THALASSINIDEA; CRUSTACEA AB The early life history is described and compared in the estuarine callianassid shrimp species Lepidophthalmus sinuensis from the Caribbean coast of Colombia and L. louisianensis from the northern Gulf of Mexico, on the basis of laboratory larval cultures and wild plankton collections. Both species have an abbreviated larval development of 2 zoeal stages usually transcended within 3-4 days, with that of L. sinuensis being the shorter and exhibiting greater advancement in the zoeal stages. Development in both species is markedly shorter and morphologically more advanced than in comparable callianassid species for which stages have been described, including most of those known to have only 2 zoeal stages. Larval duration in Lepidophthalmus is nearest that of the ecologically comparable Callianassa s.l. kraussi from southern Africa and suggests possible convergence in early developmental strategies. On the basis of presently known larval histories, gen era allied to Lepidophfhalmus within the Callichirinae appear to either have long larval histories of 5 zoeal stages, or, if of 2 stages, to bear a morphological resemblance as zoeae to comparable stages in some of the non-Callichirinae. The decapodid (first postlarval) stage is imaginal in form and exhibits burrowing behavior, though appendage development is far short of adult form. Successive early postlarval development and behavior beyond this stage remains unknown. Detailed illustrations of zoeal and decapodid stages are provided to support comparative discussions and for use in larval identifrcations. C1 UNIV SW LOUISIANA,LAB CRUSTACEAN RES,LAFAYETTE,LA 70504. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Nates, SF (reprint author), UNIV SW LOUISIANA,DEPT BIOL,BOX 42451,LAFAYETTE,LA 70504, USA. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 17 IS 3 BP 497 EP 519 DI 10.2307/1549444 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA XQ551 UT WOS:A1997XQ55100013 ER PT J AU Manning, RB Chan, TY AF Manning, RB Chan, TY TI The genus Faughnia from Taiwan, with the description of a new species (stomatopoda: parasquillidae) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Three species of Faughnia are recorded from material collected off the coast of Taiwan, F. haani, F. serenei, and F. formosae, new species. Faughnia formosae is the only species of the genus with 5 dorsal carinae on the telson lateral to the median carina. This species is abundant enough to be of some commercial importance in Taiwan. Three species of Faughnia are now known to occur in Taiwanese waters. A key to the 4 species of Faughnia is presented. C1 NATL TAIWAN OCEAN UNIV,INST MARINE BIOL,CHILUNG 20224,TAIWAN. RP Manning, RB (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 17 IS 3 BP 546 EP 554 DI 10.2307/1549447 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA XQ551 UT WOS:A1997XQ55100016 ER PT J AU Li, X Esser, R Habbal, SR Hu, YQ AF Li, X Esser, R Habbal, SR Hu, YQ TI Influence of heavy ions on the high-speed solar wind SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-EQUATIONS; CORONA; ACCELERATION; OXYGEN; ABUNDANCES; DYNAMICS; ULYSSES; HELIUM; FLOWS AB We present the results of a parameter study of the influence of heavy ions on the background solar wind, choosing doubly ionized helium, or alpha particles, and O+6 examples. Using a three-fluid solar wind model, we keep the input parameters to the electrons and protons unchanged and investigate the effects of changing the input energy flux to the heavy ions and their coronal abundance, i.e., their abundance at 1 R-s, on the background electron-proton solar wind. Our results confirm earlier studies that alpha particles can have a dramatic effect on the thermodynamic and flow properties of the protons in the solar wind. The maximum coronal abundance for which the changes in the energy input to the heavy ions has no effect on the protons is 5 x 10(-4) for the alphas and 5 x : 10(-5) for the oxygen ions, which are well below the photospheric values. For larger coronal abundances, the sensitivity of the changes of the flow speed and proton mass flux to changes in the energy input to the heavy ions increases sharply with increasing abundance. When the heavy ions are not heated, the increase in the coronal abundance leads to an increase in flow speed, a decrease in proton mass flux, and an increase in proton temperature at 1 AU. However, as the heat input to the heavy ions increases, the dependence of these parameters on the abundance goes through a transition and starts to follow the opposite pattern, namely a decrease in flow speed and proton temperature at 1 AU, and an increase in proton mass flux. This study shows that, for currently known photospheric elemental abundances, the flow properties of heavy ions cannot be investigated independently of those of the bulk proton-electron solar wind. The effect of heavy ions on the electron-proton bulk solar wind is determined primarily by the collisions occurring very close to the coronal base. Hence including physical processes responsible for the preferential heating of heavy ions to temperatures exceeding those of protons in the inner corona cannot be done without considering the subsequent implications for the protons and electrons in a self-consistent manner. C1 UNIV SCI & TECHNOL CHINA,HEFEI 230026,ANHUI,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Li, X (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 30 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 102 IS A8 BP 17419 EP 17432 DI 10.1029/97JA01448 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XP071 UT WOS:A1997XP07100018 ER PT J AU Tillier, S Harasewych, MG AF Tillier, S Harasewych, MG TI Molluscan phylogeny SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Tillier, S (reprint author), MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,LAB BIOL INVERTEBRES MARINES & MALACOL,55 RUE BUFFON,F-75005 PARIS,FRANCE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 63 BP 299 EP 299 DI 10.1093/mollus/63.3.299 PN 3 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA YE654 UT WOS:A1997YE65400001 ER PT J AU Harasewych, MG Adamkewicz, SL Blake, JA Saudek, D Spriggs, T Bult, CJ AF Harasewych, MG Adamkewicz, SL Blake, JA Saudek, D Spriggs, T Bult, CJ TI Neogastropod phylogeny: A molecular perspective SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Free Lectures on Molluscan Phylogeny at the 12th International Malacological Congress CY SEP 03-08, 1995 CL VIGO, SPAIN ID SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION; DNA; GENES; RNA AB The origin and evolution of the gastropod order Neogastropoda was investigated using an iterative, two gene (18S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase I) approach to phylogeny reconstruction. Partial sequences spanning approximately 450 base pairs near the 5' end of the 18S rDNA gene confirmed the monophyly of Apogastropoda and its two subclades, the Caenogastropoda (including Neogastropoda and Architaenioglossa) and the Heterobranchia, but were incapable of resolving relationships among neogastropod families, or between Neogastropoda and higher Caenogastropoda. The monophyly of Heterobranchia is additionally supported by the presence within this group of a large insert of variable length in the 18S rDNA gene in the region corresponding to the E-10-1 helix of the RNA molecule. Cytochrome c oxidase I sequences were able to resolve fully the relationships among representatives of ten families of Neogastropoda. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining analyses of these data all revealed that Buccinoidea and Muricoidea [sensu Thiele, 1929] each represent a clade, while the families assigned by Thiele and some subsequent authors to the superfamily Volutoidea comprise a grade. Although the two toxoglossan taxa included in our study emerged as a grade rather than a clade, denser taxonomic sampling of this group will be undertaken to investigate further the paraphyly of Conoidea. Based on percent transversions at third codon positions of the CO I gene, differences among neogastropod families as well as those between the neogastropod families and Cerithium are comparable to genetic differences between orders of mammals, but are only slightly greater than differences between genera of penaeid shrimp. C1 GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. INST GENOM RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. OI Blake, Judith/0000-0001-8522-334X NR 56 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 63 BP 327 EP 351 DI 10.1093/mollus/63.3.327 PN 3 PG 25 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA YE654 UT WOS:A1997YE65400004 ER PT J AU Mattern, DL Scott, WD McDaniel, CA Weldon, PJ Graves, DE AF Mattern, DL Scott, WD McDaniel, CA Weldon, PJ Graves, DE TI Cembrene A and congeneric ketone isolated from the paracloacal glands of the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; SECRETIONS; LIPIDS; MISSISSIPPIENSIS; IDENTIFICATION; TRIGONATUS; TERMITIDAE AB A diterpene hydrocarbon and diterpene ketone isolated from the paracloacal gland secretions of the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) were examined by GC-MS and H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR, and IR spectroscopy, and identified as 4,8,12-trimethyl-1-(1-methylethenyl)-3,7,11-cyclotetradecatriene (cembrene A, 1) and its congeneric ketone, 4,8,12-trimethyl-1-(1-methylethenyl)-3, 7-cyclotetradecadien-10-one (2), respectively. This is the first report of cembrene A from a vertebrate; the ketone has not been described previously. C1 UNIV MISSISSIPPI,DEPT CHEM,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. FS,SO FOREST EXPT STN,USDA,GULFPORT,MS 39505. SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 41474] NR 19 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 60 IS 8 BP 828 EP 831 DI 10.1021/np970129v PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XT789 UT WOS:A1997XT78900024 PM 9287418 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ Oftedal, OT Rumpler, WV Ullrey, DE AF Baer, DJ Oftedal, OT Rumpler, WV Ullrey, DE TI Dietary fiber influences nutrient utilization, growth and dry matter intake of green iguanas (Iguana iguana) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Iguana iguana; growth rate; digestibility; neutral detergent fiber; energy intake ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; FOOD; DIGESTION; LIZARDS; HERBIVORES AB Herbivory is an uncommon feeding strategy in lizards. Appropriate diet formulations for captive lizards should be based on performance measures, yet few data are available on the effect of plant fiber on food intake, nutrient utilization and growth of captive herbivorous lizards. This study was conducted to determine the effect of three levels of dietary fiber on dry matter intake, nutrient and energy metabolizability and growth rate of the green iguana (Iguana iguana). Twenty-one captive iguanas were fed nutritionally complete diets containing three levels of dietary fiber: 19, 24, and 27% neutral detergent fiber. The iguanas were fed each diet for at least 12 wk, and total excreta were collected for 11.3 +/- 4.0 d (means +/- SEM, range of 7 to 25 d). Diets and excreta were analyzed for dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin. The study was designed as a Latin square crossover. Across all diets, dry matter intake was proportional to body mass(1.0) (BM). Growth rate was greater (P < 0.05) when iguanas were fed the low and medium fiber diets (2.2 and 2.4 g/d, respectively) than when fed the high fiber diet (1.4 g/d). However, mean daily dry matter intake of the three diets [7.2 g/(d . kg BM)] was not different. In general, digestibility of fiber fractions and the metabolizability of dietary energy decreased (P < 0.05) as the level of dietary fiber increased. These data suggest that a diet containing less than 27% neutral detergent fiber should be fed if rapid growth is to be sustained during intensive captive production of green iguanas. C1 ARS,BARC E,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,DIET & HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,COMPARAT NUTR GRP,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP Baer, DJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 127 IS 8 BP 1501 EP 1507 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XQ504 UT WOS:A1997XQ50400011 PM 9237944 ER PT J AU Luhr, JF ArandaGomez, JJ AF Luhr, JF ArandaGomez, JJ TI Mexican peridotite xenoliths and tectonic terranes: Correlations among vent location, texture, temperature, pressure, and oxygen fugacity SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Review DE mantle; Mexico; peridotite; petrology; xenolith ID SAN-LUIS-POTOSI; QUATERNARY VOLCANIC CENTERS; MANTLE OXIDATION-STATE; OCEANIC UPPER-MANTLE; JAGUEY-MAAR COMPLEX; TRANS-PECOS TEXAS; RIO-GRANDE RIFT; ULTRAMAFIC XENOLITHS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SPINEL-LHERZOLITE AB Twenty-six spinel peridotite xenoliths were studied from five Quaternary volcanic fields that define a transect extending for similar to 1700 km from southeast to northwest across the southern Basin and Range Province in Mexico. Calculated equilibration temperatures and pressures are highest from xenoliths from Ventura-Espiritu Santo (1073 +/- 41 degrees C, 19.6 +/- 3.0 kbar; n = 9) and Durango (1082 +/- 21 degrees C, 17.0 +/- 1.7 kbar; n = 7). These fields lie near the center of the transect in the interior of the Tepehuano tectonic terrane and have xenoliths dominated by coarse-equant and coarse-tabular textures. Spinel-pyroxene clusters, interpreted as decompression reaction products of garnet + olivine, are only found at these fields, only in xenoliths with calculated pressures > 15 kbar. In contrast, calculated temperatures and pressures are lowest for the Santo Domingo (1026 +/- 19 degrees C, 14.4 +/- 2.0 kbar; n = 4) and San Quintin (1034 +/- 66 degrees C, 10.7 +/- 2.5 kbar; n = 5) fields, where xenoliths display porphyroclastic or granuloblastic textures. These two fields mark the ends of our transect and lie near tectonic terrane boundaries. Calculated oxygen fugacities, expressed relative to the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer (Delta FMQ), increase from southeast to northwest along the transect: Santo Domingo, -1.3 +/- 0.7 (n = 4); Ventura-Espiritu Santo, -0.6 +/- 0.4 (n = 9); Duango, -0.2 +/- 0.3 (n = 7); Mesa Cacaxta, 0.3 (n = 1); San Quintin, 0.0 +/- 0.2 (n = 5). The lithosphere closest to the Mesozoic-Cenozoic paleotrench appears to have been most strongly affected by slab-derived, oxidized fluids or melts. C1 UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,INST GEOL,ESTAC REG CTR,GUANAJUATO,MEXICO. RP Luhr, JF (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,NHB-119,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 166 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1075 EP 1112 DI 10.1093/petrology/38.8.1075 PG 38 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XR176 UT WOS:A1997XR17600005 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI The lost museum: The Nazi conspiracy to steal the world's greatest works of art - Feliciano,H SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIBS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 122 IS 13 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA XQ846 UT WOS:A1997XQ84600192 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI Treasure hunt: A New York Times reporter tracks the Quedlinburg hoard - Honan,WH SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 122 IS 13 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA XQ846 UT WOS:A1997XQ84600193 ER PT J AU Pasca, M Lorenzini, EC AF Pasca, M Lorenzini, EC TI Two analytical models for the analysis of a tethered satellite system in atmosphere SO MECCANICA LA English DT Article DE aerospace systems; dynamics; aeroelasticity; cables; nonlinear mechanics AB A tethered satellite system to be flown in the relatively dense atmosphere is considered. The relevant dynamic problem is characterised by strong non-linearities due mainly to aerodynamic effects. Two mechanical models, with different degrees of fidelity, are developed for analysing the static equilibrium of the system; the former assumes a straight tether while the latter treats the tether as a perfectly flexible continuum. Both of them model the tether as an elastic continuum with mass and aerodynamic forces distributed along the system. The results of the first model, which are an approximation of the system behaviour, are used as a starting point for the numerical procedure adopted for computing more accurately the tether shape with the flexible model. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Pasca, M (reprint author), UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA,DIPARTIMENTO INGN STRUTTURALE & GEOTECN,VIA EUDOSSIANA 18,I-00184 ROME,ITALY. RI Pasca, Monica/F-8249-2010 OI Pasca, Monica/0000-0003-4072-4495 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-6455 J9 MECCANICA JI Meccanica PD AUG PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.1023/A:1004278024818 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA XY254 UT WOS:A1997XY25400001 ER PT J AU Boller, T Brandt, WN Fabian, AC Fink, HH AF Boller, T Brandt, WN Fabian, AC Fink, HH TI ROSAT monitoring of persistent giant and rapid variability in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 13224-3809 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies, active; galaxies, individual, IRAS 13224-3809; galaxies, Seyfert; X-rays, galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY VARIABILITY; BRIGHT QUASAR SURVEY; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; GUIDE STAR CATALOG; KERR BLACK-HOLE; ACCRETION DISKS; COMPACT SOURCES; II EMISSION; SPECTRUM AB We report evidence for persistent giant and rapid X-ray variability in the radio-quiet, ultrasoft, strong Fe II, narrow-line Seyfert I galaxy IRAS 13224-3809. Within a 30-d ROSAT High Resolution Imager OW) monitoring observation at least five giant-amplitude count rate variations are visible, with the maximum observed amplitude of variability being about a factor of 60. We detect a rise by a factor of about 57 in just 2 d. IRAS 13224-3809 appears to be the most X-ray-variable Seyfert known, and its variability is probably non-linear. We carefully check the identification of the highly variable X-ray source with the distant galaxy, and it appears to be secure. We examine possible explanations for the giant variability. Unusually strong relativistic effects and partial covering by occulting structures on an accretion disc can provide plausible explanations of the X-ray data,and we explore these two scenarios. Relativistic boosting effects may be relevant to understanding the strong X-ray variability of some steep-spectrum Seyferts more generally. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV CAMBRIDGE, INST ASTRON, CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA, ENGLAND. RP MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. RI Brandt, William/N-2844-2015 OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453 NR 73 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 289 IS 2 BP 393 EP 405 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XP757 UT WOS:A1997XP75700016 ER PT J AU Green, DWE AF Green, DWE TI Some additional thoughts on light pollution SO OBSERVATORY LA English DT Letter RP Green, DWE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OBSERVATORY PI OXFORD PA RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, CHILTON DIDCOT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX11 OQX SN 0029-7704 J9 OBSERVATORY JI Observatory PD AUG PY 1997 VL 117 IS 1139 BP 229 EP 231 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XQ667 UT WOS:A1997XQ66700011 ER PT J AU Labandeira, CC Phillips, TL Norton, RA AF Labandeira, CC Phillips, TL Norton, RA TI Oribatid mites and the decomposition of plant tissues in Paleozoic coal-swamp forests SO PALAIOS LA English DT Review ID ADORISTES-OVATUS ACARI; FOSSIL RECORD; NORTH-AMERICA; MODER-HUMUS; ABIES-ALBA; C-14-LABELED HOLOCELLULOSE; ARTHROPOD INTERACTIONS; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; ANIMAL INTERACTIONS; MEDIATED CHANGES AB Although oribatid mites are essential to the decomposition. of plant tissues in modern temperate forests by assisting conversion of primary productivity to soil organic matter, little is known of their paleoecologic history. Previously there has been scattered and anecdotal evidence documenting oribatid mite detritivory in Pennsylvanian plant tissues. This study evaluates the incidence of oribatid mite damage for seven major coal-ball deposits from the Illinois and Appalachian sedimentary basins, representing a 17 million year interval from the Euramerican tropics. Although this interval contains the best anatomically preserved plant tissues with oribatid mite borings in the fossil record, coeval oribatid mite body-fossils are absent. By contrast, the known body-fossil record of oribatid mites commences during the Middle Devonian, but does not reappear until the Early Jurassic, at which time mite taxa are modern in aspect. All major plant taxa occurring in Pennsylvanian coal swamps, including lycopsids, sphenopsids, ferns, seed ferns and cordaites, were consumed by oribatid mites. Virtually every type of plant tissue was used by mites, notably indurated tissues such as bark, fibrovascular bundles and especially wood, as well as softer seed megagametophytic and parenchymatic tissues within. stems, roots and leaves. Significant evidence also exists for secondary consumption by mites of tissues in macroarthropod coprolites. Our data indicate that oribatid mites consumed dead, aerially-derived plant tissues at ground level, as well as root-penetrated tissues substantially within the peat. Oribatid mites were important arthropod decomposers in Pennsylvanian coal swamps of Euramerica. The wood boring functional-feeding-guild was expanded by insects into above-ground live trees during the early Mesozoic. New food resources for insect borers resulted from penetration of live tissues such as cambium and phloem, and the invasion. of heartwood and other hard tissues mediated by insect-fungus symbioses. Termites and holometabolous insects were prominent contributors to this second wave of wood-boring, exploiting gymnosperms and angiosperms as both detritivores and herbivores. An earlier emplacement of oribatid mites as detritivores of deadplant tissues continued to the present, but without a documented trace-fossil record. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. SUNY SYRACUSE,COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,DEPT ENVIRONM FOREST BIOL,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. RP Labandeira, CC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 275 TC 86 Z9 93 U1 5 U2 22 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD AUG PY 1997 VL 12 IS 4 BP 319 EP 353 DI 10.2307/3515334 PG 35 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA XQ370 UT WOS:A1997XQ37000003 ER PT J AU Kostiuk, T Fast, K Livengood, TA Goldstein, J Hewagama, T Buhl, D Espenak, F Ro, KH AF Kostiuk, T Fast, K Livengood, TA Goldstein, J Hewagama, T Buhl, D Espenak, F Ro, KH TI Ethane abundance on Titan SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VOYAGER INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; JOVIAN AURORAL STRATOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; REGION; JUPITER; HYDROCARBONS; SURFACE; PROBE; BAND AB Ethane (C2H6) abundance in Titan's stratosphere is determined from recent ground based high spectral resolution measurements of individual ethane emission line spectra. Lines near 12 mu m in the v(9) band of C2H6, were measured at a resolving power of lambda/Delta lambda similar to 10(6) with infrared heterodyne spectroscopy at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). Globally averaged constant-with-height C2H6 mole fractions are retrieved for various possible thermal profiles on Titan. A range of possible stratospheric temperatures is investigated with respect to the data and a corresponding range of acceptable globally averaged ethane mole fractions is retrieved, The data and physical constraints imposed by the observations limit the temperatures in Titan's upper stratosphere to 160-180K. Corresponding acceptable mole fractions can range from 4 x 10(-6) to 1.6 x 10(-5) depending on the thermal profile used. For a currently ''recommended'' thermal profile a mole fraction of 9.4(-4.7, +9.4) x 10(-6) is retrieved, somewhat lower than previous results, but centrally placed in the acceptable temperature-abundance parameter space. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ASTRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,ASTROPHYS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Kostiuk, T (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,PLANETARY SYST BRANCH,CODE 693,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Hewagama, T/C-8488-2012; Livengood, Timothy/C-8512-2012; Kostiuk, Theodor/A-3077-2014 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 45 IS 8 BP 931 EP 939 DI 10.1016/S0032-0633(97)00086-X PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YA305 UT WOS:A1997YA30500005 ER PT J AU Osborne, CP Drake, BG LaRoche, J Long, SP AF Osborne, CP Drake, BG LaRoche, J Long, SP TI Does long-term elevation of CO2 concentration increase photosynthesis in forest floor vegetation? Indian strawberry in a Maryland forest (vol 114, pg 337, 1997) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition AB As the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) in the atmosphere rises, photorespiratory loss of carbon in C-3 photosynthesis will diminish and the net efficiency of light-limited photosynthetic carbon uptake should rise. We tested this expectation for Indian strawberry (Duchesnea indica) growing on a Maryland forest floor. Open-top chambers were used to elevate the pCO(2) of a forest floor habitat to 67 Pa and were paired with control chambers providing an ambient pCO(2) of 38 Pa. After 3.5 years, D. indica leaves grown and measured in the elevated pCO(2) showed a significantly greater maximum quantum efficiency of net photosynthesis (by 22%) and a lower light compensation point (by 42%) than leaves grown and measured in the control chambers. The quantum efficiency to minimize photorespiration, measured in 1% O-2, was the same for controls and plants grown at elevated pCO(2). This showed that the maximum efficiency of light-energy transduction into assimilated carbon was not altered by acclimation and that the increase in light-limited photosynthesis at elevated pCO(2) was simply a function of the decrease in photorespiration. Acclimation did decrease the ribulose-1,5-bisphospbate carboxylase/oxygenase and light-harvesting chlorophyll protein content of the leaf by more than 30%. These changes were associated with a decreased capacity for light-saturated, but not light-limited, photosynthesis. Even so, leaves of D. indica grown and measured at elevated pCO(2) showed greater light-saturated photosynthetic rates than leaves grown and measured at the current atmospheric pCO(2). In situ measurements under natural forest floor lighting showed large increases in leaf photosynthesis at elevated pCO(2), relative to controls, in both summer and fall. The increase in efficiency of light-limited photosynthesis with elevated pCO(2) allowed positive net photosynthetic carbon uptake on days and at locations on the forest floor that light fluxes were insufficient for positive net photosynthesis in the current atmospheric pCO(2). C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Osborne, CP (reprint author), UNIV ESSEX,DEPT SCI BIOL,JOHN TABOR LABS,COLCHESTER CO4 3SQ,ESSEX,ENGLAND. RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; LaRoche, Julie/A-1109-2010 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 114 IS 4 BP 1571 EP 1571 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XQ976 UT WOS:A1997XQ97600048 ER PT J AU Golub, L AF Golub, L TI Difficulties in observing coronal structure SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Measurements and Analyses of the 3-D Solar Magnetic Fields CY APR 09-11, 1996 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP SCOSTEP, STEP, WG-1, Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma Aeronom Res ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; ACTIVE REGIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; POWER-SPECTRA; SOLAR CORONA; YOHKOH; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; IMAGES AB There has developed in recent years a substantial body of evidence to indicate that the temperature and density structure of the corona are far more complicated than had previously been thought. We review some of the evidence and discuss some specific examples: observations of a Limb flare, showing that the cool Ka material is cospatial with the hot X-ray emitting material, simultaneous NIXT and Yohkoh SXT observations of an active region, showing that loops seen in one instrument are not seen in the other, and that the effect works in both directions; comparisons of extrapolated magnetic field measurements to the observed coronal structure, indicating that neither potential nor constant-alpha force-free fits are adequate. We conclude with a description of two new instruments, the TRACE and the TXI, which will help to resolve some of these difficulties. RP SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02128 USA. OI Golub, Leon/0000-0001-9638-3082 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 174 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 114 DI 10.1023/A:1004945030561 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB565 UT WOS:A1997YB56500009 ER PT J AU GonzalezElizondo, MS Peterson, PM AF GonzalezElizondo, MS Peterson, PM TI A classification of and key to the supraspecific taxa in Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) SO TAXON LA English DT Article ID NOMENCLATURE; ENVIRONMENTS; GENERA; C-4 AB A comparison of former supraspecific classifications is made and a new, revised system is proposed for Eleocharis (Cyperaceae). Four subgenera, seven sections, eight series, and seven subseries are recognized. A key to subgenera and sections is included along with type citations, synonymies, and representative species. Two new series, E. ser. Albidae and ser. Rostellatae, are described, along with one new combination, E. sect. Baeothryon, and two transfers in rank, E. subser. Acutae and E. subser. Sulcatae. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,DEPT BOT,MRC 166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP GonzalezElizondo, MS (reprint author), INST POLITECN NACL,CTR INTERDISCIPLINARIO INVEST DESARROLLO INTEGRAL,APARTADO POSTAL 738,DURANGO 34000,DGO,MEXICO. NR 56 TC 37 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN BOTANISCHES MUSEUM BERLIN-DAHLEM, KONIGIN-LUISE-STRABE 6-8, D-14191 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 1997 VL 46 IS 3 BP 433 EP 449 DI 10.2307/1224386 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA XU469 UT WOS:A1997XU46900002 ER PT J AU Colinvaux, PA AF Colinvaux, PA TI An arid Amazon? SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter ID SPECIATION C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 12 IS 8 BP 318 EP 319 DI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)89916-8 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XL879 UT WOS:A1997XL87900013 PM 21238090 ER PT J AU Scharff, N Coddington, JA AF Scharff, N Coddington, JA TI A phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae (Arachnida, Araneae) SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE cladistics; methods; male genitalia; dimorphism; stabilimentum; Tetragnathidae; Mimetidae; Zygiella ID SPINNING SPIDERS; SIZE DIMORPHISM; MISSING ENTRIES; WEB; EVOLUTION; PARSIMONY; BEHAVIOR; RATIOS; TREES; STABILIMENTUM AB We present the first cladistic analysis focused at the tribal and subfamily iel el of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae. The data matrix of 82 characters scored for 57 araneid genera of 6 subfamilies and 19 tribes (and 13 genera from 8 outgroup families) resulted ill 16 slightly different, most parsimonious trees. Successive weighting corroborated 62 of the 66 informative nodes on these cladograms; one is recommended as the 'working' araneid phylogeny. The sister group of Araneidae is all other Araneoidea. Araneidae comprises two major clades: the subfamily Araneinae, and thr 'argiopoid' clade, which includes all other subfamilies and most tribes (((Gasteracanthinae, Caerostreae), (((Micratheninae, Xylethreae), Encyosaccus), (Eurycorminae, Arciinae)), Cyrtarachninae), ((Argiopinae, Cyrtophorinae), Arachnureae)). Cyrtarachneae and Mastophoreae are united in a new subfamily, Cyrtarachninae. The spiny orb-weavers alone (Gasteracanthinae and Micratheninae) are not monophyletic. The mimetid subfamily Arciinae and the 'tetragnathid' genus Zygiella are araneids, but Nephila (and other tetragnathids) are not. On the preferred rr ee, web decorations (stabilimenta) evolved 9 times within 15 genera, and were lost once. The use of silk to subdue prey evoked once in cribellate and four times in ecribillate orb weavers. Sexual size dimorphism evolved once in nephilines, twice in araneids, and reverted to monomorphism five times. Evolution in other genitalic and somatic characters is also assessed; behavioral and spinneret features are most consistent (male genitalia, leg and prosomal features least consistent) on the phylogeny. (C) 1997 The Linnean Society of London. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT ENTOMOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RP Scharff, N (reprint author), UNIV COPENHAGEN, ZOOL MUSEUM, DEPT ENTOMOL, UNIV PK 15, DK-2100 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK. RI Scharff, Nikolaj/A-4787-2013 OI Scharff, Nikolaj/0000-0001-6809-2878 NR 176 TC 190 Z9 197 U1 5 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4082 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 120 IS 4 BP 355 EP 434 DI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb01281.x PG 80 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA XW181 UT WOS:A1997XW18100001 ER PT J AU Stanley, DJ Goodfriend, GA AF Stanley, DJ Goodfriend, GA TI Recent subsidence of the northern Suez canal SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID NORTHEASTERN NILE DELTA; EVOLUTION; EGYPT C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. RP Stanley, DJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DELTAS GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 24 PY 1997 VL 388 IS 6640 BP 335 EP 336 DI 10.1038/40997 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XM528 UT WOS:A1997XM52800032 ER PT J AU Chance, KV Spurr, RJD AF Chance, KV Spurr, RJD TI Ring effect studies: Rayleigh scattering, including molecular parameters for rotational Raman scattering, and the Fraunhofer spectrum SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BACKSCATTER ULTRAVIOLET MEASUREMENTS; TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERE AB Improved parameters for the description of Ragleigh scattering in air and for the detailed rotational Raman scattering component for scattering by O-2 and N-2 are presented for the wavelength range 200-1000 nm. These parameters enable more accurate calculations to be made of bulk molecular scattering and of the Ring effect for a variety of atmospheric radiative transfer and constituent retrieval applications. A solar reference spectrum with accurate absolute vacuum wavelength calibration, suitable for convolution with the rotational Raman spectrum for Ring effect calculations, has been produced at 0.01-nm resolution from several sources. It is convolved with the rotational Raman spectra of O-2 and N-2 to produce an atmospheric Ring effect source spectrum. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. RP Chance, KV (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 31 TC 203 Z9 212 U1 2 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 21 BP 5224 EP 5230 DI 10.1364/AO.36.005224 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA XL474 UT WOS:A1997XL47400044 PM 18259337 ER PT J AU Falco, EE Shapiro, II Moustakas, LA Davis, M AF Falco, EE Shapiro, II Moustakas, LA Davis, M TI An estimate of H-0 from Keck spectroscopy of the gravitational lens system 0957+561 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE distance scale; gravitational lensing; quasars, individual (0957 + 561) ID TWIN QSO Q0957+561; TIME-DELAY; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; DARK MATTER; BLACK-HOLE; GALAXY; SYSTEM-0957+561; IMAGES; MODELS AB We present long-slit LRIS/Keck spectroscopic observations of the gravitational lens system 0957 + 561. Averaged over all of our data, the rest-frame velocity dispersion a, of the central lens galaxy G1 is sigma(upsilon) = 279 +/- 12 km s(-1). However, there appears to be a significant decrease in sigma(upsilon) as a function of distance from the center of G1 that is not typical of the brightest cluster galaxies. Within 0.''2 of the center of G1, we find the average sigma(upsilon) = 316 +/- 14 km s(-1), whereas for positions greater than 0.''2 from the center of G1, we find the average sigma(upsilon) = 266 +/- 12 km s(-1). A plausible explanation is that G1 contains a central massive dark object of mass M-MDO approximate to x 10(9) h(100)(-1) M. (h(100) = H-0/100 km s(-1) Mpc(-1)), which contributes to the central velocity dispersion, and that the outer value of sigma(upsilon) is the appropriate measure of the depth of the potential well of G1. The determination of a luminosity-weighted estimate of sigma(upsilon) is essential for a determination of H-0 from Q0957 + 561; our accurate measurements remove one of the chief uncertainties in the assumed form of the mass distribution of the lens. Thus, with the recent apparent reduction in the uncertainty in the measurement of the time delay for the images A and B of Q0957 + 561, Delta tau(BA) = 417 +/- 3 days (Kundic et al.), we obtain an estimate for the Hubble constant: H-0 = 62 +/- 7 km s(-1) Mpc(-1). If for some reason the trend of sigma(upsilon) with slit position is spurious and we should use the dispersion averaged along the slit, then the estimate of H-0 increases to 67 +/- 8 km s(-1) Mpc(-1). These standard errors, however, do not include any contribution from any errors in the assumed form of the mass distribution of the lens. In particular, we used the mass model described by Falco, Gorenstein, & Shapiro, as updated by Grogin & Narayan. The reduced chi(2) of model fits to the available position and magnification data for this system is relatively high (similar to 4), indicating that the estimate of H-0 may have a significant contribution from model errors. Further observations, discussed herein, should allow such errors to be estimated reliably. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Falco, EE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 50 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 1 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1086/304339 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XM780 UT WOS:A1997XM78000008 ER PT J AU Green, PJ Aldcroft, TL Mathur, S Schartel, N AF Green, PJ Aldcroft, TL Mathur, S Schartel, N TI Evidence against broad absorption lines in the X-ray-bright quasar PG 1416-129 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars, absorption lines; quasars, individual (PG 1416-129); ultraviolet, galaxies; X-rays, galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; TIME VARIABILITY; QSOS; SPECTRA; SAMPLE AB Recent results from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey and from deep ROSAT pointings reveal that broad absorption line quasars (BALQSOs) are weak in the soft X-ray bandpass (alpha(ox) > 1.8) in comparison to QSOs with normal OUV spectra (<(alpha)over bar>(ox) = 1.4). One glaring exception appeared to be the nearby BALQSO PG 1416-129, which is a bright ROSAT source showing no evidence for intrinsic soft X-ray absorption. We present here our new HST Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) spectrum of PG 1416-129, in which we find no evidence for BALs. We show that the features resulting in the original BAL classification, based on IUE spectra, were probably spurious. On the basis of UV, X-ray, and optical evidence, we conclude that PG 1416-129 is not now, and has never been, a BALQSO. Our result suggests that weak soft X-ray emission is a defining characteristic of true BALQSOs. If BALQSOs indeed harbor normal intrinsic spectral energy distributions, their observed soft X-ray weakness is most likely the result of absorption. The ubiquitous occurrence of weak soft X-ray emission with UV absorption (BALs) thus suggests absorbers in each energy regime that are physically associated, if not identical. C1 EUROPEAN SPACE TECHNOL CTR,DEPT SPACE SCI,DIV ASTROPHYS,EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY,IUE OBSERV,E-28080 MADRID,SPAIN. RP Green, PJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 1 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1086/304335 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XM780 UT WOS:A1997XM78000014 ER PT J AU Mathur, S Nair, S AF Mathur, S Nair, S TI X-ray absorption toward the Einstein ring source PKS 1830-211 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxy, center; gravitational lensing; quasars, individual (PKS 1830-211); X-rays, galaxies ID GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED IMAGES; RADIO-SOURCE; SPECTRA; DISTRIBUTIONS; PKS-1830-211; GALAXIES AB PKS 1830-211 is an unusually radio-loud gravitationally lensed quasar. In the radio spectrum, the system appears as two compact, dominant features surrounded by relatively extended radio emission that forms an Einstein ring. As the line of sight to it passes close to our Galactic center, PKS 1830-211 has not been detected in wave bands other than the radio and X-ray so far. Here we present X-ray data of PKS 1830-211 observed with ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter. The X-ray spectrum shows that absorption in excess of the Galactic contribution is highly likely, which at the redshift of the lensing galaxy (z(l) = 0.886) corresponds to N-H = 3.5(-0.5)(+0.6) x 10(22) atoms cm(-2). The effective optical extinction is large, A(V)(observed) greater than or similar to 5.8. When corrected for this additional extinction, the two-point optical to X-ray slope alpha(ox) of PKS 1830-211 lies just within the observed range of quasars. It is argued here that both compact images must be covered by the X-ray absorber(s) that we infer to be the lensing galaxy (galaxies). The dust-to-gas ratio along the line of sight within the lensing galaxy is likely to be somewhat larger than for our Galaxy. C1 UNIV MANCHESTER,NUFFIELD RADIO ASTRON LABS,JODRELL BANK,MACCLESFIELD SK11 9DL,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND. RP Mathur, S (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 1 BP 140 EP 144 DI 10.1086/304327 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XM780 UT WOS:A1997XM78000015 ER PT J AU David, LP AF David, LP TI The baryonic content of galaxies and clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies, clusters, general ID DARK-MATTER; EFFICIENCY; ABUNDANCE; FRACTIONS; GAS AB Optical and X-ray observations of early-type galaxies, groups, and clusters of galaxies show that a greater fraction of the gravitating mass is observable in rich dusters than in individual galaxies. In elliptical galaxies, only a few percent of the gravitating mass is observed in stars or gas, while in rich clusters, approximately 30% of the mass is contained in hot gas and galaxies. In this Letter, we show that if the recent estimate of the MACHO abundance in our Galaxy is representative of all galaxies, then the ''observable'' content of galaxies, groups, and rich clusters (in the form of MACHOs, stars, and gas) is nearly constant at 50% of the total mass. We also explore the consequences for the gaseous content of groups and clusters if MACHOs are the stellar remnants of an early population of stars. Previous studies have shown that the hot gas in clusters cannot be supplied by the present population of stars in clusters, which implies that the gas is primordial. However, based on the MACHO detection rate in our Galaxy, we find that the stellar progenitors of MACHOs could produce the observed gas mass and abundance of heavy elements in rich clusters. The observed trend of increasing gas mass fraction between groups and clusters then can be explained within the context of hierarchical clustering scenarios. RP David, LP (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MAIL STOP 4,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 1 BP L11 EP L15 DI 10.1086/310776 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XM782 UT WOS:A1997XM78200003 ER PT J AU Fich, M Lada, CJ AF Fich, M Lada, CJ TI A deflected molecular jet in the bipolar outflow NGC 2264G SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, jets and outflows; stars, formation ID WINDS; CLOUD AB Recently published H-2 emission data for the bipolar molecular outflow NGC 2264G are compared to recent CO (2 --> 1) observations and existing VLA images, Virtually all of the H-2 emission associated with this outflow is found either behind clumps of swept-up ambient material (i.e., closer to the central source of the outflow) or along the axis of the highest velocity CO emission. The highest velocity CO features appear to arise in jets that emerge from H-2 emission knots and generally follow a pattern consistent with a deflection of a jet at these points. These deflections appear to result in part from a temporal change in the direction of the bipolar axis of the outflowing material ejected from the central source. We propose that effects such as these play a role in degrading the collimation of jet-driven outflow lobes. C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS LAB, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Fich, M (reprint author), UNIV WATERLOO, DEPT PHYS, WATERLOO, ON N2L 3G1, CANADA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 1997 VL 484 IS 1 BP L63 EP L66 DI 10.1086/310777 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XM782 UT WOS:A1997XM78200015 ER PT J AU Rowan, R Knowlton, N Baker, A Jara, J AF Rowan, R Knowlton, N Baker, A Jara, J TI Landscape ecology of algal symbionts creates variation in episodes of coral bleaching SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; REEF CORALS; TEMPERATURE; ZOOXANTHELLAE AB Reef-building corals are obligate, mutualistic symbioses of heterotrophic animals and phototrophic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.)(1). Contrary to the earlier, widely accepted belief that corals harbour only one symbiont, we found that the ecologically dominant Caribbean corals Montastraea annularis and M. faveolata can act as hosts to dynamic, multi-species communities of Symbiodinium. Composition of these communities follows gradients of environmental irradiance, implying that physiological acclimatization(2-4) is not the only mechanism by which corals cope with environmental heterogeneity. The importance of this diversity was underlined by analysis of a natural episode of coral bleaching. Patterns of bleaching could be explained by the preferential elimination of a symbiont associated with low irradiance from the brightest parts of its distribution. Comparative analyses of symbionts before and after bleaching from the same corals supported this interpretation, and suggested that some corals were protected from bleaching by hosting an additional symbiont that is more tolerant of high irradiance and temperature. This 'natural experiment' suggests that temporal and spatial variability can favour the coexistence of diverse symbionts within a host, despite the potential for destabilizing competition among them(5,6). C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP Rowan, R (reprint author), UNIV GUAM,MARINE LAB,MANGILAO,GU 96923, USA. RI kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 NR 30 TC 458 Z9 476 U1 28 U2 170 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 17 PY 1997 VL 388 IS 6639 BP 265 EP 269 DI 10.1038/40843 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XL121 UT WOS:A1997XL12100048 PM 9230434 ER PT J AU Zhao, P McClintock, JE AF Zhao, P McClintock, JE TI A dynamical study of the eclipsing nova OY Arae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries, eclipsing; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars, individual (OY Ara); white dwarfs ID ACCRETION DISKS; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; EMISSION-LINES; BLACK-HOLE; MASS; EVOLUTION; A0620-00; DWARF AB Photometric and spectroscopic observations of the classical nova OY Ara were carried out using the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory telescopes. We found that OY Ara is an eclipsing system with an orbital period of 0.155466 +/- 0.000003 days. The radial velocity semiamplitude of the Ha emission line is 118 +/- 9 km s(-1). Assuming the secondary is near the main sequence, the dynamical analysis shows that the primary and the secondary have masses of M-1 approximate to 0.82 M. and M-2 approximate to 0.34 M., respectively. We also find that the accretion disk of OY Ara is 2.5-6 mag more luminous than that of the X-ray novae, presumably due to the much higher rate of mass transfer in classical novae. RP Zhao, P (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 2 BP 899 EP 906 DI 10.1086/304283 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XL759 UT WOS:A1997XL75900034 ER PT J AU Crosas, M Menten, KM AF Crosas, M Menten, KM TI Physical parameters of the IRC+10216 circumstellar envelope: New constraints from submillimeter observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; radio lines, stars; stars, AGB and post-AGB; stars, individual (IRC + 10216); stars, mass loss ID IRC + 10216; MASS-LOSS; MOLECULAR-EMISSION; EVOLVED STARS; CO EMISSION; ROTATIONAL-EXCITATION; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; REVISED MODEL; RED GIANTS AB We have studied the temperature distribution and other physical properties of the circumstellar envelope of the prototypical high mass-loss carbon star IRC + 10216 by calculating the thermal balance and the radiative transfer in the envelope self-consistently. Cooling is dominated by CO line emission and adiabatic expansion, and heating by dust-gas collisions throughout most of the envelope. Heating by the grain photoelectric effect is important in the outer part of the envelope. The radiative transfer is calculated by using a Monte Carlo method. The mass-loss rate, the CO abundance, the dust-gas momentum transfer efficiency, and the distance to the source are free parameters in our model. These physical parameters are constrained by the comparison of our model results with the observations of various (CO)-C-12 and (CO)-C-13 lines. In particular, recent submillimeter-wavelength observations of moderately high excitation transitions, such as the J = 6 --> 5 line, put very important constraints on the temperature distribution in the inner part of the envelope, and they do not support the presence of very high temperatures (T similar to 500-1000 K) in the inner part of the envelope (at about 5 x 10(15) cm from the central star) suggested by a previous study. We also find that a mass-loss rate of 3.25 x 10(-5) M. yr(-1) and a distance of 150 pc provide the best agreement between our model results and observations. RP Crosas, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 52 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 2 BP 913 EP 924 DI 10.1086/304256 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XL759 UT WOS:A1997XL75900036 ER PT J AU McCarthy, MC Travers, MJ Gottlieb, CA Thaddeus, P AF McCarthy, MC Travers, MJ Gottlieb, CA Thaddeus, P TI Laboratory detection of the ring-chain molecule C7H2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, molecules; line, identification; molecular data; molecular processes; radio lines, ISM ID HCCN; C3H2 AB Following the recent laboratory detection of the ring-chain carbene C5H2, we have now detected C5H2, the next longer member of the sequence formed by substituting a carbon chain for one of the hydrogen atoms of cyclic C3H2. The strongest lines, again obtained with a diacetylene-neon discharge, were roughly 15 times weaker than those of C5H2 Enough rotational lines were detected in both the normal and doubly deuterated isotopic species to be certain of the identification and to obtain the rotational and leading centrifugal distortion constants accurately enough for calculation of the entire rotational spectrum below 300 GHz to a fraction of 1 km s(-1) in equivalent radial velocity. The ring chain here is calculated to be the most stable isomer of C7H2, and extremely polar, so it is of considerable astronomical interest. Several other isomers of C7H2 may be detectable in the laboratory and in space with present techniques. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DIV APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP McCarthy, MC (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 2 BP L139 EP L141 DI 10.1086/310748 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XL756 UT WOS:A1997XL75600017 ER PT J AU Noyes, RW Jha, S Korzennik, SG Krockenberger, M Nisenson, P Brown, TM Kennelly, EJ Horner, SD AF Noyes, RW Jha, S Korzennik, SG Krockenberger, M Nisenson, P Brown, TM Kennelly, EJ Horner, SD TI A planet orbiting the star rho Coronae Borealis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars, low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars, individual (rho Coronae Borealis); techniques, radial velocities ID ROTATION; SUN AB We report the discovery of near-sinusoidal radial velocity variations of the G0V star rho CrB, with period 39.6 days and amplitude 67 m s(-1). These variations are consistent with the existence of an orbital companion in a circular orbit. Adopting a mass of 1.0 M. for the primary, the companion has minimum mass about 1.1 Jupiter masses and orbital radius about 0.23 AU. Such an orbital radius is too large for tidal circularization of an initially eccentric orbit during the lifetime of the star, and hence we suggest that the low eccentricity is primordial, as would be expected for a planet formed in a dissipative circumstellar disk. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV,BOULDER,CO 80307. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Noyes, RW (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 38 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 2 BP L111 EP L114 DI 10.1086/310754 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XL756 UT WOS:A1997XL75600010 ER PT J AU Travers, MJ McCarthy, MC Gottlieb, CA Thaddeus, P AF Travers, MJ McCarthy, MC Gottlieb, CA Thaddeus, P TI Laboratory detection of the ring-chain molecule C5H2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, molecules; line, identification; molecular data; molecular processes; radio lines, ISM ID C3H2; CYCLOPROPENYLIDENE AB The highly polar ring-chain C5H2, a carbene with a singlet electronic ground state, has been detected with a Fourier transform molecular beam microwave spectrometer in the same diacetylene-neon discharge in which a carbene with the same elemental formula but a linear backbone was recently found. Thirteen a- and b-type rotational transitions between 6 and 27 GHz were measured to 1-2 KHz, and precise values of the three rotational constants and two centrifugal distortion constants were determined. With these, the entire microwave and millimeter-wave spectrum of C5H2 can be calculated to an accuracy of 0.2 km s(-1) or better. The identity of the new molecule as C5H2, which is fairly certain because of the close agreement between the measured rotational constants and those calculated ab initio, is conclusively confirmed by detection of the totally deuterated and two partially deuterated isotopic species at exactly the expected isotope shifts. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DIV ENGN & APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Travers, MJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 11 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 2 BP L135 EP L138 DI 10.1086/310744 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XL756 UT WOS:A1997XL75600016 ER PT J AU Sankarankutty, C Manning, RB AF Sankarankutty, C Manning, RB TI Observations on Hexapanopeus schmitti Rathbun from Brazil (Crustacea: Decapoda: Xanthidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Observations are presented on members of a population of Hexapanopeus schmitti Rathbun from Pitangui, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This species is very small, apparently not exceeding 10 mm in carapace length. It is illustrated in detail as are the gonopods of the four species of Hexapanopeus known from Brazil. A key to Brazilian species of Hexapanopeus is provided. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Sankarankutty, C (reprint author), UNIV FED RIO GRANDE NORTE,DEPT OCEANOG & LIMNOL,PRAIA MAE LUIZA S-N,VIA COSTEIRA,BR-59014100 NATAL,RN,BRAZIL. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 9 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 2 BP 249 EP 255 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA XL640 UT WOS:A1997XL64000010 ER PT J AU Manning, RB AF Manning, RB TI Eunephrops luckhursti, a new deep-sea lobster from Bermuda (Crustacea: Decapoda: Nephropidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Eunephrops luckhursti, the fourth species of the genus, is described from material trapped at depths of about 800 m off Bermuda. It resembles E. cadenasi Chace, from the Bahamas and Caribbean Sea, in having a median carina on the second to fifth abdominal somites, but differs in having much shorter scaphocerites, more acute pleura on the abdominal somites, and in color in life. RP Manning, RB (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 9 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 2 BP 256 EP 262 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA XL640 UT WOS:A1997XL64000011 ER PT J AU Manning, RB AF Manning, RB TI Neogonodactylus campi, a new species of stomatopod crustacean from the Caribbean Sea, with additional records for N-caribbaeus (Schotte & Manning) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Neogonodactylus campi, a sublittoral species, is described from two localities in the Caribbean Sea. It is the second western Atlantic species to be recognized that has both dorsal spinules on the telson and a spined posterolateral angle on the fifth abdominal somite. It differs from N. caribbaeus (Schotte & Manning) in having much shorter anterior submedian carinae on the telson and a longer basal portion on the rostral plate. The first records for N. caribbaeus from Florida and the Bahamas are provided. RP Manning, RB (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 9 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 2 BP 280 EP 284 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA XL640 UT WOS:A1997XL64000014 ER PT J AU Tyler, JC AF Tyler, JC TI New species of Paratriacanthodes spikefish (Triacanthodidae: Tetraodontiformes) from the South China Sea SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB A new species of deep-water triacanthodid spikefish from the MacClesfield Bank in the South China Sea between the Philippines and Vietnam is described in the subfamily Triacanthodinae as Paratriacanthodes abei. It differs from the other two species of that western Pacific and Indian Ocean genus in several meristic and proportional characteristics and in coloration. RP Tyler, JC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,MRC-106,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 9 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 2 BP 310 EP 313 PG 4 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA XL640 UT WOS:A1997XL64000017 ER PT J AU Graves, GR AF Graves, GR TI Diagnoses of hybrid hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) .3. Parentage of Lesbia ortoni Lawrence SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID HELIANGELUS AB Lesbia ortoni Lawrence, 1869, collected in the Quite Valley, Ecuador, is shown to be a hybrid between Lesbia victoriae and Ramphomicron microrhynchum, sympatric inhabitants of Andean forest edge and shrublands from Colombia to Peru. The hybrid exhibits a blended mosaic of plumage characters of the parental species. Although the parental species differ significantly in size, the external measurements of the hybrid approximate those predicted by least squares regression. RP Graves, GR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 9 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 2 BP 314 EP 319 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA XL640 UT WOS:A1997XL64000018 ER PT J AU Graves, GR AF Graves, GR TI Diagnoses of hybrid hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) .4. Hybrid origin of Calothorax decoratus Gould SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMATICS AB Calothorax decoratus Gould 1860 is shown to be a hybrid between Acestrura heliodor and Acestrura mulsant. Plumage characters of the hybrid are a blended combination of those of the parental species. External measurements of the hybrid approximate the values expected from least squares regression of parental measurements. This is the first conclusively documented case of hybridization among the diminutive woodstars (Acestrura). RP Graves, GR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 9 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 2 BP 320 EP 325 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA XL640 UT WOS:A1997XL64000019 ER PT J AU Gamez, R Lovejoy, T Solorzano, R Janzen, D AF Gamez, R Lovejoy, T Solorzano, R Janzen, D TI Costa Rican All-Taxa survey SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. SISTEMA NACL AREAS CONSERVAC,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. UNIV PENN,DEPT BIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP Gamez, R (reprint author), NATL BIODIVERS INST,POB 22-3100,SANTO DOMINGO,HEREDIA,COSTA RICA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 4 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 5322 BP 18 EP 19 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XJ418 UT WOS:A1997XJ41800005 ER PT J AU Gomez, M Kenyon, SJ Whitney, BA AF Gomez, M Kenyon, SJ Whitney, BA TI The bipolar optical outflow associated with PV Cephei SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HERBIG-AE/BE STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; DARK CLOUDS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; VISUAL EXTINCTION; EMISSION-LINE; HARO JETS; NEBULAE AB We describe deep 10'X19' CCD images of the bipolar [S II] jet emanating from the Herbig Ae/Be star PV Cephei. The similar to 2.3 pc long jet exhibits a clear S-shaped morphology and lies within the lobes of the molecular outflow. The 23 HH knots-including 21 new detections-suggest an intermittent outflow with major eruptions every similar to 2000 yr. We model the morphology of the optical outflow with a simple precessing jet; our preferred model has a large inclination to the Line-of-sight, i similar to 80 degrees; an opening angle for the precession axis, theta similar to 45 degrees; and a modest precession period of similar to 8300 yr. The close association of optical and radio outflows-together with our simple dynamical jet model-is consistent with Masson & Chernin's (1993, ApJ, 414, 230) picture where a precessing optical jet carves out cavities in an infalling envelope and drives a molecular outflow. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR SPACE SCI & ENGN,MADISON,WI 54706. RP Gomez, M (reprint author), ASTRON OBSERV,LAPRIDA 854,RA-5000 CORDOBA,ARGENTINA. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 72 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 1 BP 265 EP & DI 10.1086/118471 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XH226 UT WOS:A1997XH22600026 ER PT J AU Carney, BW Wright, JS Sneden, C Laird, JB Aguilar, LA Latham, DW AF Carney, BW Wright, JS Sneden, C Laird, JB Aguilar, LA Latham, DW TI Discovery of an ''alpha'' element-poor halo star in a search for very low-metallicity disk stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; PROPER-MOTION STARS; FE-I TRANSITIONS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER SYSTEM; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SOLAR SPECTRUM; POPULATION-II; GALACTIC HALO AB We report [Fe/H] results for a sample of five high-velocity metal-poor halo population stars and five comparably metal-poor stars thought to have kinematics typical of an older, hotter disk population. We also derive abundances of lithium, oxygen, magnesium, silicon, calcium, titanium, and barium for many of the stars. Four of the candidate disk population stars are found to be subgiants, and a re-evaluation of their kinematics show that they have kinematics typical of the halo population. One star, G190-25, is confirmed to be a dwarf with thick disk-like kinematics: U=-10, V=-80, W=-90 km s(-1). It is indistinguishable in [X/Fe] from other metal-poor stars with higher velocities, however. The most interesting star is the high-velocity subgiant BD+80 degrees 245, which is found to have [[''alpha''/Fe]]=-0.29+/-0.02 despite its low metallicity, [Fe/H]=-1.86. It is also extremely deficient in barium, [Ba/Fe]approximate to-1.8, and has a large apogalacticon distance, over 20 kpc. It has experienced a very different chemical history than have other metal-poor stars found in the solar neighborhood. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 UNIV TEXAS, DEPT ASTRON, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA. BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, BOWLING GREEN, OH 43403 USA. UNAM, NATL ASTRON OBSERV, SAN YSIDRO, CA 92143 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Carney, BW (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27599 USA. NR 72 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 114 IS 1 BP 363 EP 375 DI 10.1086/118480 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XH226 UT WOS:A1997XH22600035 ER PT J AU Randich, S Aharpour, N Pallavicini, R Prosser, CF Stauffer, JR AF Randich, S Aharpour, N Pallavicini, R Prosser, CF Stauffer, JR TI Lithium abundances in the young open cluster IC 2602 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars, abundances; stars, evolution; open clusters and association, individual, IC 2602 ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; T-TAURI STARS; COLOR ANOMALIES; HYADES; PLEIADES; CALIBRATION; EVOLUTION; DWARFS AB We have obtained high-resolution spectra for 28 candidate late-type stars in the 30 Myr old cluster IC 2602. NLTE Li abundances have been derived from measured equivalent widths. The log n(Li) - T-eff and log n(Li) - mass distributions for our sample stars have been compared with those of the Pleiades and alpha Persei. Our data show that F stars in the three clusters have the same lithium content, which corresponds to the initial content for Pop. I stars. G and early-K IC 2602 stars are, on average, somewhat more Li-rich than their counterparts in the two slightly older clusters. Finally, the latest-type IC 2602 stars are heavily Li depleted, with their Li content being as low as the lowest measured among the Pleiades. As in the Pleiades and ct Per, a star-to-star scatter in lithium is observed among 30 Myr old late-K/early-K dwarfs in IC 2602, indicating that this spread develops in the pre-main sequence phases. C1 UNIV FLORENCE, DIPARTIMENTO ASTRON, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. OSSERV ASTRON PALERMO, I-90134 PALERMO, ITALY. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Randich, S (reprint author), EUROPEAN SO OBSERV, KARL SCHWARZSCHILD STR 2, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. OI Randich, Sofia/0000-0003-2438-0899 NR 48 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 323 IS 1 BP 86 EP 97 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XJ141 UT WOS:A1997XJ14100026 ER PT J AU Munari, U Rejkuba, M Hazen, M Mattei, J Schweitzer, E Luthardt, R Shugarov, S Yudin, BF Popova, AA Chugainov, PV Sostero, G Lepardo, A AF Munari, U Rejkuba, M Hazen, M Mattei, J Schweitzer, E Luthardt, R Shugarov, S Yudin, BF Popova, AA Chugainov, PV Sostero, G Lepardo, A TI The symbiotic star YY herculis .1. Photometric history over 1890-1996 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE symbiotic binaries; individual stars, YY Her ID COOL COMPONENTS; RADIO SURVEY; LUMINOSITY; CATALOG; DISK AB The lightcurve of the symbiotic star YY Her extending from 1890 to 1996 is presented and discussed. YY Her underwent four outbursts in the last century, in 1914-19, 1930-33, 1981-82 and 1993-96, with additional bright phases in 1890, 1903, 1942, 1954, 1965 and 1974. The absolute magnitude reached at peak brightness is adequate for mild thermonuclear flashes with no mass loss induced by super-Eddington luminosities. An orbital period of 590 days is inferred from the quiescence Delta V=0.3 mag modulation ascribed to a heating effect. Four enigmatic deep minima in 1952, 1965, 1971 and 1992 appeared at the right phase for an eclipse to occur, but such an explanation encounters severe difficulties. At least two of these minima occurred right at the onset of an active phase or outburst and this suggests an alternative interpretation to the eclipse hypothesis. YY Her appears to belong to the Bulge/thick-Disk population of the Galaxy, with D = 3.2 kpc, z = 950 pc and EB-v=0.41. C1 UNIV PADUA, OSSERV ASTROFIS, DIPARTIMENTO ASTRON, I-36012 ASIAGO, VI, ITALY. UNIV ZAGREB, FAC PHYS, ZAGREB 10000, CROATIA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. AMER ASSOC VARIABLE STAR OBSERVERS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. AFOEV, OBSERV STRASBOURG, F-67000 STRASBOURG, FRANCE. SONNENBERG OBSERV, D-96515 SONNEBERG, GERMANY. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV, STERNBERG ASTRON INST, MOSCOW 119899, RUSSIA. CRIMEAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, UA-334413 NAUCHNYI, UKRAINE. ASSOC FRIULANA ASTRON & NETEOROL, I-33100 UDINE, ITALY. RP Munari, U (reprint author), OSSERV ASTRON PADOVA, SEDE ASIAGO, I-36012 ASIAGO, VI, ITALY. OI Munari, Ulisse/0000-0001-6805-9664 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 323 IS 1 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XJ141 UT WOS:A1997XJ14100029 ER PT J AU Mahdavi, A Bohringer, H Geller, MJ Ramella, M AF Mahdavi, A Bohringer, H Geller, MJ Ramella, M TI X-ray emission from optically selected galaxy groups SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, clusters, general; X-rays, galaxies ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; COMPACT-GROUPS; REDSHIFT SURVEY; CLUSTERS; LUMINOSITY AB We use the ROSAT All Sky Survey to compute X-ray luminosities for an optically selected sample of 32 galaxy groups. The groups were identified by an objective algorithm as three-dimensional density enhancements in the magnitude-limited Center for Astrophysics Redshift Survey. The sample of groups includes five poor Abell clusters. We use the optical galaxy positions to limit the sky area in which we search for the faint, extended X-ray emission from the groups. Nine of the groups have significant diffuse X-ray emission, with 0.5-2.0 keV luminosities in the range 0.12-1.6 h(-2) x 10(43) ergs s(-1), where we use h = H-0/(50 km s(-1) Mpc(-1)). Among these nine groups, only three are Abell clusters. For the remaining 23 systems we compute 3 sigma upper limits. The relationship between the X-ray luminosities and the radial velocity dispersions differs significantly from that for rich clusters. We find L-X(group) proportional to sigma(1.56+/-0.25), whereas L-X(cluster) similar to sigma(4). This shallow slope is consistent with models in which intragroup gas concentrated around individual galaxies makes a substantial contribution to the extended X-ray emission. Previous work suggests that in this case L-X proportional to sigma(1.6) The X-ray/optical luminosity relationship for these systems is L-X proportional to L-B(1.06+/-0.11), physically consistent B with the shallow L-X - sigma relation. There is some correlation (Kendall's tau = 0.4, P = 0.1) between the fraction of member ellipticals and L-X. C1 MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS,D-85740 GARCHING,GERMANY. OSSERV ASTRON TRIESTE,I-34131 TRIESTE,ITALY. RP Mahdavi, A (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1086/304237 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XJ167 UT WOS:A1997XJ16700008 ER PT J AU Satyapal, S Watson, DM Pipher, JL Forrest, WJ Greenhouse, MA Smith, HA Fischer, J Woodward, CE AF Satyapal, S Watson, DM Pipher, JL Forrest, WJ Greenhouse, MA Smith, HA Fischer, J Woodward, CE TI The intrinsic properties of the stellar clusters in the M82 starburst complex: Propagating star formation? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies evolution; galaxies, individual (M82); galaxies nuclei; galaxies, starburst; galaxies, star clusters; infrared, galaxies ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; GALAXY M82; NUCLEUS; EMISSION; CO AB Near-Infrared spectroscopy combined with high spatial resolution imaging have been used in this work to probe the central 500 pc of M82. Imaging observations in the 2.36 mu m CO band head are added to our previously published near-infrared hydrogen recombination line imaging, near-infrared broadband imaging, and 3.29 mu m dust feature imaging observations, in order to study the nature of the starburst stellar population. A starburst model is constructed and compared with the observations of the stellar clusters in the starburst complex. Our analysis implies that the typical age for the starburst clusters is 10(7) yr. In addition, our high spatial resolution observations indicate that there is an age dispersion within the starburst complex that is correlated with projected distance from the center of the galaxy. The inferred age dispersion is 6 x 10(6) yr. If the starburst in M82 is propagating outward from the center, this age dispersion corresponds to a velocity of propagation, originating in the center, of similar to 50 km s(-1). Our quantitative analysis also reveals that a Salpeter initial mass function, extending from 0.1 to 100 M-., can fit the observed properties of M82 without using up more than 30% of the total dynamical mass in the starburst. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. USN,RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP Satyapal, S (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 685,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 46 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 1 BP 148 EP 160 DI 10.1086/304214 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XJ167 UT WOS:A1997XJ16700016 ER PT J AU VonMontigny, C Aller, H Aller, M Bruhweiler, F Collmar, W Courvoisier, TJL Edwards, PG Fichtel, CE Fruscione, A Ghisellini, G Hartman, RC Johnson, WN Kafatos, M Kii, T Kniffen, DA Lichti, GG Makino, F Mannheim, K Marscher, AP McBreen, B McHardy, I Pesce, JE Pohl, M Ramos, E Reich, W Robson, EI Sasaki, K Terasranta, H Tornikoski, M Urry, CM Valtaoja, E Wagner, S Weekes, T AF VonMontigny, C Aller, H Aller, M Bruhweiler, F Collmar, W Courvoisier, TJL Edwards, PG Fichtel, CE Fruscione, A Ghisellini, G Hartman, RC Johnson, WN Kafatos, M Kii, T Kniffen, DA Lichti, GG Makino, F Mannheim, K Marscher, AP McBreen, B McHardy, I Pesce, JE Pohl, M Ramos, E Reich, W Robson, EI Sasaki, K Terasranta, H Tornikoski, M Urry, CM Valtaoja, E Wagner, S Weekes, T TI Multiwavelength observations of 3C 273 in 1993-1995 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays, observations; quasars, individual (3C 273); radiation mechanisms, nonthermal ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; QUASARS 3C-273; COS-B; RADIATION; JET; TELESCOPE; BLAZARS; 3C273; COMPTONIZATION AB We present the results of the multiwavelength campaigns on 3C 273 in 1993-1995. During the observations in late 1993, this quasar showed an increase of its flux for energies greater than or equal to 100 MeV from about 2.1 x 10(-7) photons cm(-2) s(-1) to approximately 5.6 x 10(-7) photons cm(-2) s(-1) during a radio outburst at 14.5, 22, and 37 GHz. However, no one-to-one correlation of the gamma-ray radiation with any frequency could be found. The photon spectral index of the high-energy spectrum changed from Gamma(gamma) = (3.20 +/- 0.54) to Gamma(gamma) = (2.20 +/- 0.22) in the sense that the spectrum flattened when the gamma-ray flux increased. Fits of the three most prominent models (synchrotron self-Comptonization, external inverse Comptonization, and the proton-initiated cascade model) for the explanation of the high gamma-ray emission of active galactic nuclei were performed to the multiwavelength spectrum of 3C 273. All three models are able to represent the basic features of the multiwavelength spectrum. Although there are some differences, the data are still not decisive enough to discriminate between the models. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ASTRON,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS,D-85740 GARCHING,GERMANY. INTEGRAL SCI DATA CTR,CH-1290 SAUVERNY,SWITZERLAND. INST SPACE & ASTRONAUT SCI,SAGAMIHARA,KANAGAWA 229,JAPAN. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. OSSERVATORIO BRERA MERATE,MERATE,ITALY. USN,RES LAB,EO HULBURT CTR SPACE RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. GEORGE MASON UNIV,CSI,CTR EARTH OBSERV & SPACE RES,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. HAMPDEN SYDNEY COLL,HAMPDEN SYDNEY,VA 23943. UNIV STERNWARTE,D-37803 GOTTINGEN,GERMANY. BOSTON UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,BOSTON,MA 02215. UNIV COLL,DEPT PHYS,DUBLIN 4,IRELAND. UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,DEPT PHYS,SOUTHAMPTON SO9 5NH,HANTS,ENGLAND. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. MAX PLANCK INST RADIOASTRON,BONN,GERMANY. JOINT ASTRON CTR,HILO,HI 96720. METSAHOVI RADIO RES STN,FIN-02540 KYLMALA,FINLAND. UNIV TURKU,TUORLA OBSERV,SF-21500 PIIKKIO,FINLAND. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,WHIPPE OBSERV,AMADO,AZ 85645. LANDESSTERNWARTE HEIDELBERG KONIGSTUHL,D-69117 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. RI Mannheim, Karl/F-6705-2012; Urry, Claudia/G-7381-2011; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 OI Urry, Claudia/0000-0002-0745-9792; NR 73 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 1 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.1086/304219 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XJ167 UT WOS:A1997XJ16700017 ER PT J AU Frick, P Baliunas, SL Galyagin, D Sokoloff, D Soon, W AF Frick, P Baliunas, SL Galyagin, D Sokoloff, D Soon, W TI Wavelet analysis of stellar chromospheric activity variations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods, numerical; stars, activity; stars, chromospheres; stars, magnetic fields; waves ID CYCLE; PERIOD; STARS AB Observations of chromospheric activity variations for some lower main-sequence stars from the Mount Wilson Observatory's HK project reveal a cyclic behavior comparable to the sunspot cycle. Even in the relatively short interval that they have been observed, those stars show stellar cycles and other features, like grand minima. The quasi-periodic nature of such variations is not completely compatible with the standard Fourier analysis, so we applied a wavelet analysis to study the nature of regularities in the data. We computed wavelet transforms and energy spectra for the 25 yr records of surface magnetic activity in four stars: HD 3651, HD 10700, HD 10476, and HD 201091. We present a modified wavelet technique that is suitable for analysis of data with gaps and find that the common aliasing problems due to the finite length of the observations and irregularly spaced gaps between data can be reduced on both large and small scales by applying this algorithm. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,MOSCOW 119899,RUSSIA. RP Frick, P (reprint author), INST CONTINUOUS MEDIA MECH,KOROLYOV ST,BLDG 1,PERM 614061,RUSSIA. RI Frick, Peter/D-2345-2013; OI Frick, Peter/0000-0001-7156-1583 NR 19 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 1 BP 426 EP 434 DI 10.1086/304206 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XJ167 UT WOS:A1997XJ16700039 ER PT J AU Bell, MB Feldman, PA Travers, MJ McCarthy, MC Gottlieb, CA Thaddeus, P AF Bell, MB Feldman, PA Travers, MJ McCarthy, MC Gottlieb, CA Thaddeus, P TI Detection of HC11N in the cold dust cloud TMC-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, abundances; ISM, molecules; line, identification; molecular data molecular processes; radio lines, ISM ID SPECTRAL-LINE SURVEY; TAURUS; HC9N; IRC AB Two consecutive rotational transitions of the long cyanopolyyne HC11N, J = 39 --> 38 and 38 --> 37, have been detected in the cold dust cloud TMC-1 at the frequencies expected from recent laboratory measurements by Travers and coworkers, and at about the expected intensities. The astronomical lines have a mean radial velocity of 5.8(1) km s(-1), in good agreement with the shorter cyanopolyynes HC7N and HC9N observed in this very sharp line source [5.82(5) and 5.84(5) km s(-1), respectively]. The column density of HC,,N is calculated to be 2.8 x 10(11) cm(-2). The abundance of the cyanopolyynes decreases smoothly with length to HC11N, the decrement from one to the next being about six for the longer carbon chains. C1 NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,HERZBERG INST ASTROPHYS,DOMINION ASTROPHYS OBSERV,VICTORIA,BC V8X 4M6,CANADA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HARVARD UNIV,DIV ENGN & APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Bell, MB (reprint author), NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,HERZBERG INST ASTROPHYS,100 SUSSEX DR,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0R6,CANADA. NR 19 TC 152 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 1 BP L61 EP L64 DI 10.1086/310732 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XJ170 UT WOS:A1997XJ17000016 ER PT J AU Markevitch, M AF Markevitch, M TI Abell 2218: X-ray lensing, merger, or both? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies, clusters, individual (A2218); gravitational lensing intergalactic medium; X-rays, galaxies ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; DYNAMICS; GAS AB Comparison of the high-resolution X-ray image of A2218 obtained with the ROSAT HRI with the optical HST image shows several interesting correlations. The X-ray emission within a 1' radius core is resolved into several components; the central dominant galaxy does not coincide with either of them or with the emission centroid. The major X-ray peak is an elongated feature that lies between the two mass concentrations known from the optical lensing analysis, and coincides with optical arcs at r similar or equal to 20'' from the cD galaxy. We speculate that this may be lensed X-ray emission, for example (but not necessarily) of the same object lensed in the optical. Alternatively, this feature may be a merger shock or a gas trail of an infalling subgroup. Two other X-ray enhancements are close to the two major mass concentrations. Both lensing and a merger are likely. Previous X-ray derivations of the A2218 mass used a beta-model fit to the data with angular resolution that blurred the features mentioned above into a broad constant core. As the HRI data show, such a core does not exist. Because of this, under certain assumptions and using only the improved imaging data, the hydrostatic estimate of the projected mass within the lensing radius can in principle be increased by a factor of similar to 1.4 (and the mass within a sphere of the same radius by a factor of 2.6) compared to previous analyses. However, for a merging cluster, the hydrostatic analysis is generally inapplicable. Most other lensing clusters are more distant than A2218, and obtaining adequate X-ray images and temperature maps of them is even more difficult. Together with the likely overestimation of mass by the lensing analysis (as in the simulations), oversimplification of the gas density and temperature models resulting from inadequate resolution may account for the lensing/X-ray mass discrepancy as suggested for A2218. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 483 IS 1 BP L17 EP L20 DI 10.1086/310731 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XJ170 UT WOS:A1997XJ17000005 ER PT J AU Burstein, D Jones, C Forman, W Marston, AP Marzke, RO AF Burstein, D Jones, C Forman, W Marston, AP Marzke, RO TI An Einstein X-ray survey of optically selected galaxies .1. Data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies, distances and redshifts; surveys; X-rays, galaxies ID SPIRAL GALAXIES; PECULIAR VELOCITIES; CATALOG AB We present the results of a complete Einstein imaging proportional counter X-ray survey of optically selected galaxies from the Shapley-Ames Catalog, the Uppsala General Catalogue, and the European Southern Observatory Catalog. Well-defined optical criteria are used to select the galaxies, and X-ray fluxes are measured at the optically defined positions. The result is a comprehensive list of X-ray detection and upper limit measurements for 1018 galaxies. Of these, 827 have either independent distance estimates or radial velocities. Associated optical, redshift, and distance data have been assembled for these galaxies, and their distances come from a combination of directly predicted distances and those predicted from the Faber-Burstein Great Attractor/Virgocentric infall model. The accuracy of the X-ray fluxes has been checked in three different ways; all are consistent with the derived X-ray fluxes being of less than or equal to 0.1 dex accuracy. In particular, there is agreement with previously published X-ray fluxes for galaxies in common with a 1991 study by Roberts et al. and a 1992 study by Fabbiano et al. The data presented here will be used in further studies to characterize the X-ray output of galaxies of various morphological types and thus to enable the determination of the major sources contributing to the X-ray emission from galaxies. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. DRAKE UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, DES MOINES, IA 50311 USA. NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA, DOMINION ASTROPHYS OBSERV, HERZBERG INST ASTROPHYS, VICTORIA, BC V8X 4M6, CANADA. RP Burstein, D (reprint author), ARIZONA STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, TEMPE, AZ 85287 USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 111 IS 1 BP 163 EP 179 DI 10.1086/313014 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XL757 UT WOS:A1997XL75700005 ER PT J AU Schombert, JM Pildis, RA Eder, JA AF Schombert, JM Pildis, RA Eder, JA TI Gas-rich dwarfs from the Second Palomar Sky Survey .1. Catalog and characteristics SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies, fundamental parameters; surveys ID SURFACE BRIGHTNESS GALAXIES; VIRGO CLUSTER; LUMINOSITY AB This project is a visual search for held dwarf galaxies using Second Palomar Sky Survey photographic plates. A morphologically selected sample of 310 objects yielded 145 detections of true dwarfs within a redshift search window of 0 to 10,000 km s(-1). We confirm the low-mass, dwarf nature of the same by comparison of luminosity, isophotal size, H I mass and H I profile width distribution of other dwarf samples. The goal of this project is to use these newly discovered dwarf galaxies to map large-scale structure as a test of biased galaxy formation. Initial indicators are that the large-scale distribution of dwarf galaxies is identical to that of bright, high-mass galaxies, in contradiction to theory using biasing. The full analysis of the sample will be reported in the final paper of our series. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. ARECIBO OBSERV,ARECIBO,PR 00613. RP Schombert, JM (reprint author), UNIV OREGON,DEPT PHYS,EUGENE,OR 97403, USA. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 111 IS 1 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1086/313016 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XL757 UT WOS:A1997XL75700008 ER PT J AU Piper, WH Evers, DC Meyer, MW Tischler, KB Kaplan, JD Fleischer, RC AF Piper, WH Evers, DC Meyer, MW Tischler, KB Kaplan, JD Fleischer, RC TI Genetic monogamy in the common loon (Gavia immer) SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE loon; parentage; DNA fingerprinting monogamy ID EXTRA-PAIR COPULATIONS; POLYANDROUS DUNNOCKS; PRUNELLA-MODULARIS; HOUSE SPARROW; NO EVIDENCE; DNA; PATERNITY; CUCKOLDRY; BEHAVIOR; WARBLERS AB We conducted behavioral observations and genetic analysis on breeding pairs of common loons in the upper Great Lakes region from 1993 through 1995 to look for behavioral evidence of extrapair copulations (EPCs) and to determine parentage of young. Pairs remained close to each other (usually within 20 m) during the pre-laying period, leaving little opportunity for EPCs to occur. Males and females both maintained physical proximity by approaching each other when they became separated. Copulations were obvious but infrequent, occurring about once every other day during the prelaying period. Multilocus DNA fingerprinting was consistent with behavioral findings: 58 young from 47 different families were all genetic offspring of parents that raised them. Perfect genetic monogamy (genetic parentage of young by parents that rear them) in loons might arise as a consequence of the need for vigorous territorial defense to prevent territorial takeover. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. BIODIVERS INC,YARMOUTH,ME 04096. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,N CENT DIST OFF,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,MOL GENET LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 36 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 41 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1007/s002650050360 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA XL539 UT WOS:A1997XL53900004 ER PT J AU Roth, TL Wolfe, BA Long, JA Howard, J Wildt, DE AF Roth, TL Wolfe, BA Long, JA Howard, J Wildt, DE TI Effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin, human chorionic gonadotropin, and laparoscopic artificial insemination on embryo, endocrine, and luteal characteristics in the domestic cat SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID MARE SERUM GONADOTROPIN; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; OVARIAN ACTIVITY; DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE; EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS; FOLLICULAR OOCYTES; PANTHERA-TIGRIS; IN-VITRO; SUPEROVULATION AB The effects of gonadotropin treatment and laparoscopic artificial insemination (Al) on embryo quality, serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations, and luteal progesterone content were examined in the domestic cat. These data were compared to similar historical data reported for naturally estrual, mated queens. All queens in this study (n = 32) were treated with eCG followed by 1) natural breeding (eCG-NB), 2) NE and hCG (eCG-NB-hCG), 3) NE and a sham Al procedure (eCG-NB-sham Al), or 4) hCG and actual Al (eCG-hCG-AI). Queens ovulating in response to treatment were ovariohysterectomized, and oviducts and uteri were flushed to collect embryos. Ovarian structures were recorded, corpora lutea (CL) were excised and evaluated for progesterone content, and serum was analyzed for estradiol-17 beta and progesterone. Follicle and CL numbers ranged from 0 to 28 and 2 to 42 per cat, respectively, and treatment means did not differ (p greater than or equal to 0.05) among groups. Embryos were recovered from oviducts and uterine horns in all treatment groups, and recovery ranged from 60-96%. Mean embryo number per queen ranged from 8.2 +/- 2.6 to 23.2 +/- 3.8 and did not differ (p greater than or equal to 0.05) among groups. However, the proportions of unfertilized oocytes were greater (p < 0.05) for groups treated with hCG and/or artificially inseminated, and the proportion of blastocysts produced (31 of 107, 29.0%) was lower (p < 0.05) in the eCG-hCG-AI group than for any other treatment (range, 59 of 116 [50.9%] to 67 of 116 [57.8%]). Not all queens in each group produced good-quality embryos (eCG-NB, 5 of 5; eCG-NB-hCG, 5 of 8; eCG-NB-sham Al, 2 of 5; and eCG-hCG-AI, 3 of 6). Serum progesterone and estradiol-17 beta, and total luteal progesterone per ovary did not differ (p greater than or equal to 0.05) among treatments. Compared to historical controls (naturally estrual, mated queens), eCG-NB queens produced > 4 times as many good-quality embryos and blastocysts. Similarly, eCG-hCG-AI-treated queens produced > 4 times the number of oocytes and embryos, although a high proportion of these were poor quality and did not develop to blastocysts. Together, these results indicate that queens treated with eCG are capable of consistently producing many good-quality embryos, at least half of which develop to blastocysts in culture. These data support the use of eCG in felids and suggest that other factors are responsible for reduced pregnancy success and small litter sizes following assisted reproduction. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,NATL ZOOL PK,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 23853] NR 55 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 57 IS 1 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1095/biolreprod57.1.165 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XG540 UT WOS:A1997XG54000023 PM 9209095 ER PT J AU Littler, MM Littler, DS AF Littler, MM Littler, DS TI Epizoic red alga allelopathic (?) to a Caribbean coral SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article C1 HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOG INST INC,MARINE BOT DEPT,FT PIERCE,FL 34946. RP Littler, MM (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 5 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD JUL PY 1997 VL 16 IS 3 BP 168 EP 168 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA XN813 UT WOS:A1997XN81300005 ER PT J AU Fritsch, S Post, JE Navrotsky, A AF Fritsch, S Post, JE Navrotsky, A TI Energetics of low-temperature polymorphs of manganese dioxide and oxyhydroxide SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID RIETVELD REFINEMENT; THERMAL-BEHAVIOR; PYROLUSITE; GAMMA-MNO2; OXIDES AB Transposed temperature drop calorimetry at 977 K was used to study the energetics of natural manganese dioxides (pyrolusite and ramsdellite) and oxyhydroxides (manganite and groutite). The structures of these minerals are composed of MnO6 octahedra which share edges and/or corners to form a framework structure containing tunnels of different size. Appropriate thermodynamic cycles were used to determine the relative energetic stability of the polymorphs, with respect to each other and to bixbyite, Mn2O3. The enthalpy difference between these tunnel-structure manganese oxides is very small, ramsdellite is higher in enthalpy than pyrolusite by 5.4 +/- 3.1 kJ/mol for MnO2 and groutite is metastable in enthalpy with respect to manganite by 1.7 +/- 1.7 kJ/mol for MnOOH. These small differences suggest that the framework stability is probably governed by the nature of the Mn-O bonding rather than the openness of the structure. Furthermore, the very small energetic differences are consistent with the widespread occurence of metastable manganese oxides and oxyhydroxides in the natural environment, in minerals, and in technological processes. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON MAT INST,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 1997 VL 61 IS 13 BP 2613 EP 2616 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00121-X PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XN637 UT WOS:A1997XN63700007 ER PT J AU Tong, CYE Chen, L Blundell, R AF Tong, CYE Chen, L Blundell, R TI Theory of distributed mixing and amplification in a superconducting quasi-particle nonlinear transmission line SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE distributed mixers; nonlinear transmission lines; parametric amplifier; SIS mixers; submillimeter waves ID WAVELENGTHS; MIXERS AB An analysis Is presented for the behavior of the superconducting quasi-particle nonlinear transmission line driven by a high-frequency local oscillator (LO), The theory developed includes a large-signal nonlinear analysis, a small-signal analysis, and a noise analysis, This model is used to simulate the conversion loss and noise temperature of distributed quasi-particle misers based on the nonlinear transmission line, The numerical results are compared to an experimental miser at 460 GHz, The theory also predicts that the nonlinear transmission line will provide parametric amplification when the idler frequency is inductively tuned, This new phenomenon may present new opportunities to low-noise receiver systems at submillimeter wavelengths. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT MATH,CHICAGO,IL 60615. RP Tong, CYE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Tong, Edward/0000-0002-7736-4203 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1086 EP 1092 DI 10.1109/22.598445 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XH351 UT WOS:A1997XH35100012 ER PT J AU Harwit, M AF Harwit, M TI How lobbying changed the history of Enola Gay SO JAPAN QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASAHI SHIMBUN PUB CO PI CHUO-KU TOKYO PA 5-3-2 TSUKIJI, CHUO-KU TOKYO 104-11, JAPAN SN 0021-4590 J9 JPN QUART JI Jpn. Q. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 44 IS 3 BP 48 EP 59 PG 12 WC Area Studies; Asian Studies SC Area Studies; Asian Studies GA XL454 UT WOS:A1997XL45400008 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JJ Culver, SJ Stanley, DJ AF Lundquist, JJ Culver, SJ Stanley, DJ TI Foraminiferal and lithologic indicators of depositional processes in Wilmington and south Heyes submarine canyons, US Atlantic continental slope SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID RECENT BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; MODERN SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES; PATTERNS; SYSTEM; OCEAN; SHELF AB Foraminiferal and lithologic characteristics of sediments from 14 Deep Sea Research Vessel Alvin push cores have been used to investigate modern sedimentary processes in Wilmington and South Heyes submarine canyons, A nearly ubiquitous occurrence of abundant foraminiferal species is over-printed by depth-related variations in abundance, Most species are native to lower bathyal and abyssal depths and are in situ. The occurrence of neritic species is attributed to erosion of material from slump blocks of neritic origin which now comprise the steep and undercut walls of Wilmington Canyon, In Wilmington Canyon, the consistent distribution of foraminifera contrasts with marked variations in lithologic characteristics observed at channel meanders. These variations are attributed to relatively minor mass-wasting processes and to effects of bottom (perhaps tidal) and/or low density current action, more active at constrictions and along the steep walls of meanders, These processes are less prevalent in South Heyes Canyon as indicated by markedly lower compositional variations, a low percent of elastic material, and a lower rate of sediment accumulation, This is, in part, a function of the linear morphology and less varied relief of South Heyes Canyon. There is no firm evidence for prevalent high energy downslope transportation events (i.e., erosive high-density turbidity currents) in either Wilmington and South Heyes Canyons during the past 200-400 Sears represented by the cored material. C1 OLD DOMINION UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,NORFOLK,VA 23529. NAT HIST MUSEUM,DEPT PALAEONTOL,LONDON SW7 5BD,ENGLAND. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 126 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 209 EP 231 PG 23 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA XM671 UT WOS:A1997XM67100005 ER PT J AU Jett, JA AF Jett, JA TI Recent literature on foraminifera SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Bibliography RP Jett, JA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,NMNH,MRC 121,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 250 EP 252 PG 3 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA XM671 UT WOS:A1997XM67100007 ER PT J AU Sanmartin, JR Estes, RD AF Sanmartin, JR Estes, RD TI Alfven wave far field from steady-current tethers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-WAVES; MAGNETIZED PLASMA; SATELLITE SYSTEM; RADIATION AB We analyze the Alfven wave signature left behind in the ionosphere by orbiting insulated tethers operating as thrusters or generators with steady currents. Using a recent description of tether radiation to determine the far field, we show that, at their leading edges, the Alfven wings have an Airy function crosswise structure. The field amplitude falls off weakly as the inverse cube root of the distance along the wave front. The front itself, which carries a negligible fraction of the power radiated as Alfven waves, broadens proportionally to the cube root of that distance. We show that collisional decay becomes important at about 10(3) lan along the front. For tethers longer than about 2 km, the top and bottom structures ("wings") are fully disjoint. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Sanmartin, JR (reprint author), UNIV POLITECN MADRID, ESCUELA TECN SUPER INGN AERONAUT, E-28040 MADRID, SPAIN. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 102 IS A7 BP 14625 EP 14630 DI 10.1029/97JA00346 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XJ204 UT WOS:A1997XJ20400052 ER PT J AU Hu, YQ Esser, R Habbal, SR AF Hu, YQ Esser, R Habbal, SR TI A fast solar wind model with anisotropic proton temperature SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALFVENIC FLUCTUATIONS; TRANSITION REGION; CORONA; FLOW; ACCELERATION; PARAMETERS; CONSTRAINTS; EQUATIONS; TRANSPORT; HOLES AB We explore the energy requirements for the fast solar wind when the anisotropy in the proton temperature is taken into account. Using a one-dimensional, two-fluid model with anisotropic proton temperature, we present high-speed solar wind solutions which meet most of the empirical constraints currently available from in situ measurements in interplanetary space and very recent; remote sensing observations of the inner corona. Included in the model is the momentum exerted on the flow by Alfven waves, as well as heating due to their damping. However, to produce solutions consistent with these empirical constraints, additional heat input to both electrons and protons, as well as momentum addition to the protons, are found to be needed. These are described by ad hoc functions with adjustable parameters. While classical thermal conduction is adopted for both electrons and protons in the inner corona in the model computations, the corresponding heat fluxes in the outer corona are limited to, values comparable to current observations, The fast solar wind solutions thus obtained differ from each other mainly in their thermal properties within 0.3 AU from the Sun, a region that is still poorly probed by in situ and remote sensing measurements. To satisfy observational constraints, we find that the inclusion of a proton temperature anisotropy in the modeling of the solar wind requires that either the protons be highly anisotropic in the inner corona or that there exist a mechanism, in addition td adiabatic expansion, to cool them in the direction parallel to the magnetic field. Given these observational constraints and in the absence of knowledge of an efficient cooling mechanism, sur model computations imply that the maximum temperature of the protons in the parallel direction has to be limited to 10(6) K in the corona. Furthermore, because of the strong coupling between electrons and protons, and between the parallel and perpendicular motions, at the coronal base, the electron temperature as well as the perpendicular proton temperature cannot be much higher than 10(6) K there. Although thermal anisotropy of the protons is found to have little influence on the dynamics of the fast solar wind, its inclusion imposes new requirements on the unknown coronal heating mechanisms. RP Hu, YQ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 53 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 102 IS A7 BP 14661 EP 14676 DI 10.1029/97JA01040 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XJ204 UT WOS:A1997XJ20400054 ER PT J AU Oftedal, OT AF Oftedal, Olav T. TI Lactation in Whales and Dolphins: Evidence of Divergence Between Baleen- and Toothed-Species SO JOURNAL OF MAMMARY GLAND BIOLOGY AND NEOPLASIA LA English DT Article DE Whales; dolphins; marine mammals; lactation duration; milk composition; milk yield AB Although it has been more than one hundred years since the first publication on the milks of whales and dolphins (Order Cetacea), information on lactation in these species is scattered and fragmentary. Yet the immense size of some cetaceans, and the recent evidence that another group of marine mammals, the true seals, have remarkable rates of secretion of milk fat and energy, make this group of great comparative interest. In this paper information on lactation patterns, milk composition and lactation performance is reviewed. Two very different patterns are evident. Many of the baleen whales (Suborder Mysticeti) have relatively brief lactations (5-7 months) during which they fast or eat relatively little. At mid-lactation they produce milks relatively low in water (40-53%), high in fat (30-50%), and moderately high in protein (9-15%) and ash (1.2-2.1%). From mammary gland weights and postnatal growth rates, it is predicted that their energy outputs in milk are exceptional, reaching on the order of 4000 MJ/d in the blue whale. This is possible because pregnant females migrate to feeding grounds where they can ingest and deposit great amounts of energy, building up blubber stores prior to parturition. On the other hand, the toothed whales and dolphins (Suborder Odontoceti) have much more extensive lactations typically lasting 1-3 years, during which the mothers feed. At mid-lactation their milks appear to be higher in water (60-77%) and lower in fat (10-30%) and ash (0.6-1.1%), with similar levels of protein (8-11%). At least some odontocetes resemble primates in terms of low predicted rates of energy output and a long period of dependency of the young. However, these hypotheses are based on small numbers of samples for a relatively small number of species. Much of the available data on milk composition is of rather poor quality; for example, it is not possible to determine if milk composition changes over the course of lactation among odontocetes. Additional research on cetacean mammary glands and their secretions is needed to understand the reproductive strategies of these fascinating animals. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Zool Res, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Oftedal, OT (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Zool Res, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM nzpem031@sivm.si.edu NR 127 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 42 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1083-3021 J9 J MAMMARY GLAND BIOL JI J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia PD JUL PY 1997 VL 2 IS 3 BP 205 EP 230 DI 10.1023/A:1026328203526 PG 26 WC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA V25HH UT WOS:000208468600002 PM 10882306 ER PT J AU Leung, HO Gangwani, D Grabow, JU AF Leung, HO Gangwani, D Grabow, JU TI Nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure in the microwave spectrum of Ar-N2O SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID DER-WAALS COMPLEXES; CONSTANTS; SPECTROSCOPY; KR-83 AB Nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure in the rotational spectrum of Ar-N2O has been resolved in the 7-18 GHz region using a Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. Analysis of the hyperfine lines enables not only the determination of the rotational and centrifugal distortion constants to greater precision than previous studies, but also provides values for the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of each N-14 nucleus. The coupling constants for Ar-N2O, when compared to those for free N2O, show that the electric field gradient at the terminal nitrogen nucleus in the N2O subunit is not affected by the presence of Ar, whereas that at the central nitrogen nucleus is affected slightly. This result, in contrast to recent findings in HCCH-N2O, supports the usual practice of extracting geometrical information for a van der Waals molecule from the nuclear quadrupole coupling tensor(s) of the complex. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 HARVARD UNIV,HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HARVARD UNIV,DIV APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Leung, HO (reprint author), MT HOLYOKE COLL,DEPT CHEM,S HADLEY,MA 01075, USA. NR 15 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 184 IS 1 BP 106 EP 112 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1997.7293 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA XR122 UT WOS:A1997XR12200012 ER PT J AU Wood, TC Wildt, DE AF Wood, TC Wildt, DE TI Effect of the quality of the cumulus-oocyte complex in the domestic cat on the ability of oocytes to mature, fertilize and develop into blastocysts in vitro SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENT IN-VITRO; BOVINE OOCYTES; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; MATURATION; MORPHOLOGY; FOLLICLES; CULTURE; COMPETENCE; VIVO AB Immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were recovered from freshly excised domestic cat ovaries and graded at a magnification of x 40 for the condition of the cumulus oophorus of the oocyte cytoplasm. Grade I and II COCs were those with a uniformly dark cytoplasm and a readily identifiable, eccentrically located germinal vesicle. Grade I COCs had five or more cumulus oophorus cell layers, whereas grade II complements had less than five cell layers. Grade III and IV COCs were those undergoing progressive stages of oocyte cytoplasmic deterioration indicated by transparency or mosaic fragmentation and partial-to-complete loss of cumulus oophorus cells. In Expt 1,699 oocytes were cultured for maturation and fertilization in vitro. More (P < 0.05) oocytes from grade I COCs matured (59.3%) and fertilized (29.7%) than from all other grades. Maturation and fertilization success did not differ (P > 0.05) for grade II (32.4, 11.6%, respectively) and grade III (21.9, 5.1%) oocytes, but these values were superior (P< 0.05) to those of grade IV (5.1, 1.4%). In Expt 2, 1040 COCs were graded, cultured for maturation and then inseminated. Of grade I oocytes, 24.4% developed into blastocysts compared with only 5.3% of grade II oocytes (P < 0.05). In general, oocytes from grade III and IV COCs were incapable of: cleaving or growing in vitro. Of the 1739 COCs collected for both experiments, 12.3% met grade I criteria, the only category that provided consistent maturation, fertilization and development to blastocyst stage in vitro. In summary, a highly heterogeneous population of cumulus-oocyte complexes can be separated in the cat on the basis of grossly apparent morphological characteristics that, in turn, reflect functional differences in the ability of oocytes to mature, fertilize and develop in vitro. C1 GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. RP Wood, TC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 32 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 13 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 110 IS 2 BP 355 EP 360 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA XU232 UT WOS:A1997XU23200020 PM 9306990 ER PT J AU Crouch, TD AF Crouch, TD TI Local hero: John Joseph Montgomery and the first winged flight in America SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Article RP Crouch, TD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,AERONAUTICS DEPT NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009 1531 YUMA, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD JUL PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC History SC History GA XP095 UT WOS:A1997XP09500004 ER PT J AU Dalling, JW Harms, KE Aizprua, R AF Dalling, JW Harms, KE Aizprua, R TI Seed damage tolerance and seedling resprouting ability of Prioria copaifera in Panama SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE El Cativo; Panama; Prioria copaifera; resprout; seed predation; seed size; seedling damage ID ESTABLISHMENT CONDITIONS; DIPTERYX-PANAMENSIS; VIROLA-SURINAMENSIS; WOODY-PLANTS; CANOPY TREE; SIZE; PREDATION; FOREST; CONSEQUENCES; DISPERSAL AB Germination and seedling resprouting capacity of the very large-seeded tree species Prioria copaifera Griseb. (Fabaceae) was studied in the seasonally moist forest of Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Seeds with 60% of their cotyledonary mass removed did not suffer a reduced probability of germination compared to unmanipulated seeds and seeds infested with up to eight insect larvae germinated as well as uninfested seeds. Unmanipulated seeds were able to consecutively produce up to four functional resprout shoots after excision of the initial, and subsequent, fully expanded shoots. Even seeds with up to 60% of their reserves removed showed some capacity to resprout. Less than 10% of seeds we encountered in the field 2 mo after the end of the fruiting season were in a viable stale, with the majority (55%) of mortality attributable to insect or pathogen damage. Of the 46 seeds that were viable, 30% had suffered partial removal of seed reserves similar to our manipulation treatments. These results indicate that P. copaifera seeds are capable of tolerating severe seed and shoot damage. The selective advantage conferred by damage tolerance may in part have contributed to the evolution of large seed size in this species. RP Dalling, JW (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,APARTADO 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 32 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 13 BP 481 EP 490 PN 4 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XP262 UT WOS:A1997XP26200001 ER PT J AU Greene, MJ Nichols, DK Hoyt, RF Mason, RT AF Greene, MJ Nichols, DK Hoyt, RF Mason, RT TI The brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) as a laboratory animal SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article ID GUAM; COLUBRIDAE; BEHAVIOR; BITES C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NHLBI,LAB ANIM MED & SURG,BETHESDA,MD 20892. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT VET MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 7 BP 28 EP 31 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XH688 UT WOS:A1997XH68800007 ER PT J AU Wulff, JL AF Wulff, JL TI Parrotfish predation on cryptic sponges of Caribbean coral reefs SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE NATURAL-PRODUCTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HERBIVOROUS FISHES; CHEMICAL DEFENSES; SPARISOMA-VIRIDE; ECOLOGY; TOXICITY; ENERGY; GROWTH; FOOD AB Some sponge species that live in crevices in the reef frame appear to be restricted to their cryptic habitat by predation. When cryptic sponges were excavated, on Guigalotupo reef. San Bias, Panama, exposing them to potential predators, they were eaten by fishes that are generally considered to be herbivores, primarily parrot-fishes of the genus Sparisoma: S. aurofrenatum (Cuvier & Valenciennes), S. viride (Bonnaterre), and S. aurofrenatum (Bloch & Schneider). Of the 9150 bites observed to be taken by these species during paired (i.e., with sponges versus without sponges) trials conducted in defined feeding areas during 1986, 1987, and 1988, 72% (i.e. 6581 bites) were on cryptic sponges, even though these were only offered during half of the total observation time and never constituted more than 7% of the cover of the feeding observation areas. Individual parrotfish returned over and over to take bites of the exposed cryptic sponges until they were entirely consumed. They vigorously chased each other away from the sponges, but exhibited no such defense of their usual algal foods. A total of 18 sponge species were tested. Of the cryptic and semi-cryptic sponge species tested, only one of six was rejected by the parrotfish. Two of these six sponge species were consistently consumed entirely, and two were consumed entirely whenever their surfaces were sliced off with a razor blade, demonstrating that these sponges concentrate defenses against predators in their surfaces. One semi-cryptic species and one semi-exposed species were fed upon, but not entirely consumed. By contrast, 11 of 12 of the exposed and semi-exposed species were rejected. Cryptic sponges grew out of their cavities in the reef only when protected by seasonally thick mats of macroalgae or by cages that excluded fish. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 56 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 129 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s002270050144 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA XQ300 UT WOS:A1997XQ30000006 ER PT J AU Gannon, DP Read, AJ Craddock, JE Mead, JG AF Gannon, DP Read, AJ Craddock, JE Mead, JG TI Stomach contents of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) stranded on the US mid-Atlantic coast SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Globicephala melas; long-finned pilot whale; stomach contents; food habits; stranding; Loligo pealei; prey importance ID MARINE MAMMALS; UNITED-STATES; DIET; FUNDY; BAY AB Ten prey taxa were recorded from the stomach contents of eight long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) independently stranded along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast. Relative importance of prey species was determined by methods that incorporate prey frequencies of occurrence, proportions of numerical abundance, and proportions of reconstructed mass. Separate analyses of trace (free, durable body parts representing well-digested prey items) and non-trace (relatively intact prey specimens) food material were conducted in order to address biases caused by differential rates of digestion and passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Different measures of prey importance yielded varying results, but the long-finned squid (Loligo pealei) was the most important prey species regardless of how prey importance was defined. Fishes were relatively unimportant in the diet. Our results indicate that the diets of western North Atlantic long-finned pilot whales differ substantially from what has been previously reported in the literature and that results from food-habits studies that utilize different techniques may not be comparable. C1 BRIDGEWATER STATE COLL,DEPT BIOL,BRIDGEWATER,MA 02325. PLYMOUTH MARINE MAMMAL RES CTR,PLYMOUTH,MA 02362. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DIV MAMMALS,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Gannon, DP (reprint author), WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT BIOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 405 EP 418 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1997.tb00648.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA XG057 UT WOS:A1997XG05700004 ER PT J AU Ash, RD Rumble, D MacPherson, GJ Alexander, CMOD AF Ash, RD Rumble, D MacPherson, GJ Alexander, CMOD TI Oxygen isotopes in Bjurbole and Tieschitz chondrules by ultraviolet laser probe. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,DEPT TERR MAGNETISM,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP A8 EP A9 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP024 UT WOS:A1997XP02400010 ER PT J AU Benedix, GK McCoy, TJ Keil, K AF Benedix, GK McCoy, TJ Keil, K TI A cautionary tale of heterogeneity in IAB iron meteorites. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID ORIGIN; IIICD; INCLUSIONS C1 UNIV HAWAII MANOA,SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP A11 EP A12 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP024 UT WOS:A1997XP02400017 ER PT J AU Ceplecha, Z McCrosky, RE AF Ceplecha, Z McCrosky, RE TI Prairie network fireballs: Data on height, distance and brightness for each measured time-mark SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 60th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL MAUI, HI SP Meteorit Soc, Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst geophys & P, lanetol, Univ Hawaii Manoa, Inst Astron, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, Barringer Crater Co, Decatur, NASA, Washington, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Polar Programs, Washington, NASA Internet, JEOL US Inc, Peabody, Cameca Instruments Inc, Trumbull AB This paper presents data on distance along the trajectory, height and brightness (DTHM-values) at each measured point (i.e., at each time-mark) for Prairie Network fireballs photographed between 1963 and 1973. Although DTHM-values are not printed here in the ''classical'' manner as an extensive table, the electronic version of the catalogue belongs to this manuscript as its most substantial part and is accessible from the ftp-server SUNKL.ASU.CAS.CZ (public domain) via anonymous login and under the directory pub in the file pnsao.dat. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Ceplecha, Z (reprint author), ASTRON OBSERV,ONDREJOV 25165,CZECH REPUBLIC. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP A157 EP A158 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP024 UT WOS:A1997XP02400283 ER PT J AU Clarke, RS Goldstein, JI McCoy, TJ AF Clarke, RS Goldstein, JI McCoy, TJ TI Reexamination of mesosiderite metal using low-temperature phase diagrams. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT MECH ENGN,AMHERST,MA 01003. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP A29 EP A29 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP024 UT WOS:A1997XP02400049 ER PT J AU Huss, GR Wasserburg, GJ Russell, SS MacPherson, GJ AF Huss, GR Wasserburg, GJ Russell, SS MacPherson, GJ TI Trace-element abundances and the origin of aluminum-26-bearing chondrules in unequilibrated ordinary chondrites. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CALTECH,DIV GEOL & PLANETARY SCI,PASADENA,CA 91125. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,MRC NHB119,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP A63 EP A63 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP024 UT WOS:A1997XP02400116 ER PT J AU Krot, AN Zolensky, ME Choi, BG Petaev, MI Keil, K Scott, ERD Wasson, JT AF Krot, AN Zolensky, ME Choi, BG Petaev, MI Keil, K Scott, ERD Wasson, JT TI Metasomatism and metamorphism in the CV3 asteroid: Formation of pure fayalite, diopside-hedenbergite pyroxenes, andradite, and magnetite in Kaba and Mokoia. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; AQUEOUS ALTERATION C1 UNIV HAWAII,SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,HAWAII INST GEOPHYS & PLANETOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,EARTH SCI & SOLAR SYST EXPLORAT DIV,HOUSTON,TX 77058. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP A74 EP A75 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP024 UT WOS:A1997XP02400140 ER PT J AU MacPherson, GJ Russell, SS AF MacPherson, GJ Russell, SS TI Origin of aluminum-rich chondrules: Constraints from major-element chemistry. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP A83 EP A83 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP024 UT WOS:A1997XP02400156 ER PT J AU McCoy, TJ Benedix, GK Keil, K AF McCoy, TJ Benedix, GK Keil, K TI Silicate-bearing iron and related stony meteorites: Similarities and differences in origin. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. UNIV HAWAII,SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,HAWAII INST GEOPHYS & PLANETOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP A87 EP A87 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP024 UT WOS:A1997XP02400164 ER PT J AU McKeegan, KD Leshin, LA Russell, SS MacPherson, GJ AF McKeegan, KD Leshin, LA Russell, SS MacPherson, GJ TI Ion microprobe measurements reveal large oxygen-16 excesses in calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions of an ordinary chondrite. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RI McKeegan, Kevin/A-4107-2008 OI McKeegan, Kevin/0000-0002-1827-729X NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP A88 EP A89 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP024 UT WOS:A1997XP02400166 ER PT J AU Petaev, MI Wood, JA AF Petaev, MI Wood, JA TI The condensation with partial isolation (CWPI) model: Formation of carbonaceous and enstatite chondrites from the same system. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP A105 EP A106 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP024 UT WOS:A1997XP02400200 ER PT J AU Rumble, D Farquhar, J Ash, RD AF Rumble, D Farquhar, J Ash, RD TI In situ microanalysis of oxygen isotopes using online ultraviolet laser fluorination. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP A111 EP A111 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP024 UT WOS:A1997XP02400211 ER PT J AU Russell, SS Leshin, LA McKeegan, KD MacPherson, GJ AF Russell, SS Leshin, LA McKeegan, KD MacPherson, GJ TI Oxygen isotope composition of aluminum-rich chondrules: Clues to their origins. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. RI McKeegan, Kevin/A-4107-2008 OI McKeegan, Kevin/0000-0002-1827-729X NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP A111 EP A112 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP024 UT WOS:A1997XP02400212 ER PT J AU Whitby, JA Ash, RD Gilmour, JD Prinz, M Turner, G AF Whitby, JA Ash, RD Gilmour, JD Prinz, M Turner, G TI Iodine-xenon dating of chondrules and matrix from the Qingzhen and Kota-Kota EH3 chondrites. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID ENSTATITE CHONDRITES C1 UNIV MANCHESTER,DEPT EARTH SCI,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RI Gilmour, Jamie/G-7515-2011; Whitby, James/J-4559-2012 OI Whitby, James/0000-0002-5716-6875 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP A140 EP A140 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP024 UT WOS:A1997XP02400267 ER PT J AU Wood, JA AF Wood, JA TI Chondrite formation by turbulence and shock in the solar nebula. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 SU S BP A142 EP A142 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XP024 UT WOS:A1997XP02400271 ER PT J AU Rosenbaum, HC Egan, MG Clapham, PJ Brownell, RL Desalle, R AF Rosenbaum, HC Egan, MG Clapham, PJ Brownell, RL Desalle, R TI An effective method for isolating DNA from historical specimens of baleen SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ancient DNA; Cetacea; control region; Eubalaena glacialis; historical population genetics; mitochondrial DNA; museum specimens ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ANCIENT DNA; MUSEUM SPECIMENS; WHALES; POPULATIONS; SEQUENCES; WOLF AB DNA was isolated from an early twentieth century museum specimen of northern right whale baleen. A system of stringent controls and a novel set of cetacean specific primers eliminated contamination from external sources and ensured the authenticity of the results. Sequence analysis revealed that there were informative nucleotide positions between the museum specimen and extant members of the population and closely related species. The results indicate that museum specimens of baleen can be used to assess historical genetic population structure of the great whales. C1 YALE UNIV, DEPT BIOL, NEW HAVEN, CT 06510 USA. FORDHAM UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, BRONX, NY 10458 USA. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SW FISHERIES SCI CTR, LA JOLLA, CA 92038 USA. SMITHSONIAN INST, NHB 390, MRC 108, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RP Rosenbaum, HC (reprint author), AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST, MOL SYSTEMAT LAB, 79TH ST & CPW, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 6 IS 7 BP 677 EP 681 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00230.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA XJ105 UT WOS:A1997XJ10500010 PM 9226948 ER PT J AU Crouch, TD AF Crouch, TD TI Risky business + The National-Air-and-Space-Museum's exhibition, 'Legend, Memory and the Great War in the Air': some thoughts on controversial exhibitions SO MUSEUM INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Crouch, TD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,DEPT AERONAUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 1350-0775 J9 MUSEUM INT JI Mus. Int. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 49 IS 3 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1111/1468-0033.00099 PG 6 WC Art SC Art GA XH009 UT WOS:A1997XH00900003 ER PT J AU Robinson, MH AF Robinson, MH TI Multimedia in living exhibits + How institutions can use new technologies to increase the public's bioliteracy: Now and then SO MUSEUM NEWS LA English DT Article RP Robinson, MH (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC MUSEUMS PI WASHINGTON PA 1575 EYE ST, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0027-4089 J9 MUSEUM NEWS JI Mus. News PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 76 IS 4 BP 38 EP & PG 0 WC Art SC Art GA XG064 UT WOS:A1997XG06400012 ER PT J AU BrodaBahm, CM AF BrodaBahm, CM TI Think-Tank + An exhibit at the National-Zoological-Park teaches visitors about the cognitive richness of animals lives: Evolution and revolution SO MUSEUM NEWS LA English DT Article RP BrodaBahm, CM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC MUSEUMS PI WASHINGTON PA 1575 EYE ST, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0027-4089 J9 MUSEUM NEWS JI Mus. News PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 76 IS 4 BP 44 EP 48 PG 5 WC Art SC Art GA XG064 UT WOS:A1997XG06400013 ER PT J AU Collinson, PRJ Hillis, LW AF Collinson, Peter R. J. Hillis, Llewellya W. TI Algal populations and their relationship to scleractinian (coral) health SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Collinson, Peter R. J.; Hillis, Llewellya W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JUL PY 1997 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 78 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V43TS UT WOS:000202958000079 ER PT J AU Fredericq, S Norris, JN Hommersand, MH AF Fredericq, Suzanne Norris, James N. Hommersand, Max H. TI Contributions toward a phylogeny of the red algae (Rhodophyta) based on morphological evidence and rbcL sequence analysis SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fredericq, Suzanne] Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Norris, James N.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Hommersand, Max H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JUL PY 1997 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 121 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V43TS UT WOS:000202958000122 ER PT J AU Karol, KG Sanders, ER Kasper, A McCourt, RM AF Karol, Kennet G. Sanders, Erin R. Kasper, Alan McCourt, Richard M. TI Phylogeny of the characeae (class charophyceae) based on DNA sequence data from multiple plastid genes SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Karol, Kennet G.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Lab Mol Systemat, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sanders, Erin R.; Kasper, Alan] De Paul Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [McCourt, Richard M.] Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JUL PY 1997 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 178 BP 46 EP 46 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V43TS UT WOS:000202958000179 ER PT J AU Kooistra, WHCF Hillis, L AF Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F. Hillis, Llewellya TI Evolution in Halimeda (Bryopsidales): A case of punctuated equilibrium SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F.; Hillis, Llewellya] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, U0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JUL PY 1997 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 201 BP 52 EP 53 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V43TS UT WOS:000202958000202 ER PT J AU Walsworth, R You, L AF Walsworth, R You, L TI Selective creation of quasiparticles in trapped Bose condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; GAS AB We investigate theoretically the use of time-varying magnetic fields to selectively create and manipulate quasiparticles in magnetically trapped Bose condensates. To maximize the transition matrix element connecting two desired quasiparticle states, the spatial symmetry of the applied magnetic field must be tailored to exploit the different spatial distributions of magnetization in the two quasiparticle states. This ''spatial magnetic resonance'' effect is analogous to the Franck-Condon factor in electric dipole transitions in diatomic molecules. Experimentally, the spatial magnetic resonance technique may allow the creation of coherences between quasiparticle states, the inversion of quasiparticle state populations, the measurement of quasiparticle lifetimes (T-1) and decoherence times (T-2), the creation of quasiparticle echoes, etc., in analogy with conventional spin magnetic resonance. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH PHYS,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RP Walsworth, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1 BP 555 EP 559 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.555 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA XL645 UT WOS:A1997XL64500065 ER PT J AU Wilkerson, RC Sallum, MAM Forattini, OP AF Wilkerson, RC Sallum, MAM Forattini, OP TI Redescription of Anopheles (Anopheles) shannoni Davis; A member of the arribalzagia series from the Amazon Basin (Diptera:Culicidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Culicidae; Arribalzagia; Anopheles shannoni; redescription; Amazon Basin AB Anopheles (Anopheles) shannoni Davis is redescribed and illustrated in the adult female, male genitalia, and larval and pupal stages. This species is distributed throughout the Amazon Basin of South America. The larvae are found in shaded forest pools, and the adults appear to be zoophilic and prefer to bite outdoors. This species is a member of the Neotropical Arribalzagia Series. RP Wilkerson, RC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, MUSEUM SUPPORT CTR, DEPT ENTOMOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RI Sallum, Maria/B-8537-2012 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 99 IS 3 BP 461 EP 471 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XM735 UT WOS:A1997XM73500005 ER PT J AU Robinson, H Deyrup, M AF Robinson, H Deyrup, M TI Two new species of Asyndetus Loew, and notes on the identity of A-interruptus Loew (Diptera:Dolichopodidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Asyndetus; new species; Dolichopodidae; Florida; West Indies AB Asyndetus archboldi is described as new from the sand hills of peninsular Florida; A. wirthi is described from Jamaican and Antiguan material previously determined as A. interruptus. Observations are given on the type specimen of A. interruptus Loew in Havana, Cuba. RP Robinson, H (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT,MRC 166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 99 IS 3 BP 477 EP 482 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XM735 UT WOS:A1997XM73500007 ER PT J AU Epstein, ME AF Epstein, ME TI Parasa indetermina (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera:Limacodidae), a new host for Systropus macer Loew (Diptera:Bombyliidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article RP Epstein, ME (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ENTOMOL,MRC 105,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 99 IS 3 BP 585 EP 586 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XM735 UT WOS:A1997XM73500021 ER PT J AU Evans, NR BohmVitense, E Carpenter, K BeckWinchatz, B Robinson, R AF Evans, NR BohmVitense, E Carpenter, K BeckWinchatz, B Robinson, R TI The mass of the classical Cepheid V350 Sagittarii SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID STELLAR MODELS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; STARS; BINARIES; OPACITY; PERIOD; RADII AB Two medium-resolution spectra of the hot companion of the Cepheid V350 Sgr have been obtained with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. Comparison of these spectra (in the wavelength range 1840-1880 Angstrom) with the spectrum of alpha Lyr shows that V350 Sgr B has a projected rotation velocity which may be as high as 150 km s(-1). The velocity difference between the spectra of V350 Sgr B at two orbital phases is measured to be -23.1+/-3.8 km s(-1). The error is dominated by the aperture centering. When combined with the orbital velocity variation of the Cepheid derived from the ground-based orbit and the mass of the companion deduced from IUE spectra, the mass of the Cepheid is found to be 5.2+/-0.9 M.. The observed mass-luminosity combination of V350 Sgr A is a good match to recent evolutionary calculations which use moderate convective overshoot near the main sequence, however, the blue loops do not extend to temperatures as hot as the Cepheid. C1 YORK UNIV,N YORK,ON M3J 1P3,CANADA. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ASTRON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON PROGRAM,COMP SCI CORP,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP Evans, NR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,MS 4,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Carpenter, Kenneth/D-4740-2012 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 109 IS 737 BP 789 EP 795 DI 10.1086/133945 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XK769 UT WOS:A1997XK76900005 ER PT J AU Colinvaux, PA Bush, MB SteinitzKannan, M Miller, MC AF Colinvaux, PA Bush, MB SteinitzKannan, M Miller, MC TI Glacial and postglacial pollen records from the Ecuadorian Andes and Amazon SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL PERUVIAN ANDES; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MAXIMUM; VEGETATION; HISTORY; PANAMA; AREA AB A long pollen record is derived from sediments of a lake dammed behind a low moraine of the last glaciation at 3 degrees S latitude in the Ecuadorian Andes and is compared with a glacial age pollen record from the Amazon rainforest immediately below, Lake Surucucho (Llaviucu) lies at 3180 m on the Amazonian flank of the Andes and above the glacial age pollen record from San Juan Bosco at 970 m, The Surucucho pollen record is interpreted as showing treeless vegetation in glacial times, advance of treeline in late-glacial time, and Holocene development of modern Andean forests. Combining the Surucucho and San Juan Bosco records shows that Andean vegetation was affected by glacial cooling at all elevations, Vegetation did not move up and down slope as belts, Rather, plant associations were reformed as temperature-sensitive species found different centers of distribution with changing temperature. (C) 1997 University of Washington. C1 FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT BIOL SCI,MELBOURNE,FL 32901. NO KENTUCKY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,HIGHLAND HTS,KY 41076. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT BIOL,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP Colinvaux, PA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,APO,AA 34002, USA. OI Bush, Mark/0000-0001-6894-8613 NR 43 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 48 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1006/qres.1997.1908 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA XQ623 UT WOS:A1997XQ62300007 ER PT J AU Behling, H AF Behling, H TI Late Quaternary vegetation, climate and fire history of the Araucaria forest and campos region from Serra Campos Gerais, Parana State (South Brazil) SO REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE south Brazil; palynology; palaeoecology; palaeoclimatology; palaeofires; Late Quaternary; Campos; Araucaria forest; Atlantic rain forest ID HOLOCENE AB New palynological and charcoal data from a bog (24 degrees 40'S, 50 degrees 13'W, 1200 m asl) of Serra Campos Gerais, northeastern Parana State, allow a complete and detailed reconstruction of the late Quaternary vegetation and climate history of the South Brazilian highlands. The late-glacial period, which starts at 12,500 C-14 yr BP, indicates the predominance of a diverse grassland vegetation (campos) with scattered stands of Araucaria forest and Atlantic rain forest, probably growing in valley bottoms. This suggests 3 to 5 degrees C colder and drier climates than at present, Judging from the absence of charcoal, fires must here been rare during late-glacial times, The early and mid-Holocene (until 2850 C-14 yr BP) is marked by a predominance of campos vegetation on the highlands and expansion of tropical rain forest trees in the valleys, indicating warm climates and perhaps an increase in annual precipitation compared to the late-glacial. A migration of Araucaria forest from the valleys onto the highlands did probably not occur, Seasonal drought is probably the major factor explaining the absence of an expansion of Araucaria forests on the southern Brazilian highlands in the early and mid-Holocene. Palaeofires were more frequent at the beginning of the Holocene, probably ignited by Amerindians at that time. First expansion in the valleys or an initial migration of Araucaria angustifolia from valleys into the Serra Campos Gerais highland occurred during the late Holocene (2850-1530 C-14 yr BP), indicating a wetter climate with a shorter dry season. Fires during this period had the highest frequency and may have influenced the migration of Araucaria into the campos areas. A marked expansion of Araucaria forest, forming a mosaic of grassland and Araucaria forest patches on the highlands, took place only in the last 1500 years. This suggests onset of a high precipitation climate without a strong annual dry season. Fires were also less frequent. Logging of Araucaria forests occurred during the last centuries. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 31 TC 99 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0034-6667 J9 REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO JI Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology PD JUL PY 1997 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0034-6667(96)00065-6 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA XQ622 UT WOS:A1997XQ62200008 ER PT J AU Rumm, JC AF Rumm, JC TI World of fairs: The century-of-progress expositions - Rydell,RW SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review RP Rumm, JC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,TRAVELING EXHIBIT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 38 IS 3 BP 773 EP 775 DI 10.2307/3106885 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA XL854 UT WOS:A1997XL85400027 ER PT J AU Condit, R AF Condit, R TI Forest turnover, density, and CO2 SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS; EVALUATING TURNOVER; DIVERSITY; DROUGHT RP Condit, R (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,CTR TROP FOREST SCI,UNIT 0948,APO,AA 34002, USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 12 IS 7 BP 249 EP 250 DI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01095-1 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XF710 UT WOS:A1997XF71000001 PM 21238058 ER PT J AU Jennions, MD AF Jennions, MD TI Female promiscuity and genetic incompatibility SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Jennions, MD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, UNIT 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RI Jennions, Michael/C-7560-2009 OI Jennions, Michael/0000-0001-9221-2788 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 12 IS 7 BP 251 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01128-2 PG 3 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XF710 UT WOS:A1997XF71000003 PM 21238060 ER PT J AU Forman, P AF Forman, P TI Deconstructing science - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP Forman, P (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 27 PY 1997 VL 276 IS 5321 BP 1955 EP 1955 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XG748 UT WOS:A1997XG74800008 ER PT J AU Craddock, RA Maxwell, TA Howard, AD AF Craddock, RA Maxwell, TA Howard, AD TI Crater morphometry and modification in the Sinus Sabaeus and Margaritifer Sinus regions of Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN IMPACT CRATERS; YOUNG SUN; EVOLUTION; VALLEYS; ORIGIN; WATER; TOPOGRAPHY; ATMOSPHERE; CHANNELS; TERRAIN AB Degraded craters in the southern highlands are indicative of an early martian climate much different than the present. Using a photoclinometric model, analyses of degraded crater morphometry have revealed the stages of crater modification and, for the first time, allow a quantitative assessment of the amount of material eroded in the highlands. Central peaks of fresh craters are removed early by degradational processes. The sharp rims of fresh craters also become rounded while the interior slopes become shallower. Continued degradation causes the crater rim to lower, and infilling produces a broad; flat crater floor. Contrary to earlier observations, the degree of rim modification does not appear to be dependent on the presence of ancient valley networks. During degradation, the diameter of the impact craters also increases due to backwasting. A simple algebraic model balancing the measured amount of infilling with that eroded from the interior slopes suggests that the crater diameters were enlarged by 7 to 10% initially, agreeing with prior observations. These models suggest that larger diameter (i.e., 50 km) craters were enlarged a greater amount than smaller diameter craters, which is opposite to what should be observed. To explain this discrepancy, a similar to 10 m thick deposit, presumably aeolian in origin, must have been emplaced within the crater interiors following cessation of the degradational process. By the terminal stage of degradation, crater diameters appear to have been enlarged by 30%. In addition, a deposit similar to 60 m average thickness must have been emplaced within these rimless craters to explain the discrepancy in crater enlargement. Because this deposit is contained only within the highly eroded, rimless craters, this material most likely originated from erosion of the surrounding terrain. The measured crater morphometry has allowed us to develop equations describing the amount of material eroded at any given stage of degradation. Applying these equations to craters within the Margaritifer Sinus and Sinus Sabaeus region indicates that an equivalent of similar to 200 m of highland material was eroded and redistributed within the study area. Depending upon model chronology, degradation operated for either 400 or 600 million years, suggesting that erosion rates were on the order of similar to 0.0003 to 0.0005 mm/yr. These erosion rates are equivalent to those determined for terrestrial periglacial environments. Two-dimensional simulations of some possible degradational processes suggest that fluvial erosion and deposition combined with diffusional creep come closest to producing equivalent degrees of modification through the range of crater diameters investigated in this study (20 to 50 km). However, these processes are inefficient at producing the amount of crater enlargement observed, suggesting that crater interior slopes may have also been undermined by sapping. These results imply that geologic processes related to precipitation dominated the early martian environment. Our working hypothesis is that this precipitation was due to the presence of a primordial atmosphere which condensed and collapsed (i.e., precipitated) into the martian regolith; a process which ceased during the late Hesperian/early Amazonian (3.5 to 1.8 Ga). C1 UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. RP SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM, CTR EARTH & PANETARY STUDIES, MRC 315, ROOM 3776, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RI Craddock, Robert/B-3884-2013; OI Howard, Alan/0000-0002-5423-1600 NR 79 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUN 25 PY 1997 VL 102 IS E6 BP 13321 EP 13340 DI 10.1029/97JE01084 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XG454 UT WOS:A1997XG45400003 ER PT J AU Davies, N Aiello, A Mallet, J Pomiankowski, A Silberglied, RE AF Davies, N Aiello, A Mallet, J Pomiankowski, A Silberglied, RE TI Speciation in two neotropical butterflies: Extending Haldane's rule SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SULFUR BUTTERFLIES; COLIAS-EURYTHEME; SEX-CHROMOSOMES; X-CHROMOSOME; DROSOPHILA; EVOLUTION; STERILITY; GENETICS; HYBRIDS; PHILODICE AB Anartia fatina and A. amathea form a hybrid zone in Panama where F1 and back-cross hybrids are found. Crosses were carried out to determine the nature of any reproductive isolation between these two butterflies. A novel analysis demonstrated both strong assortative mating among the pure forms and an unusual example of Haldane's rule: F1 hybrid females (the heterogametic sex) from the cross A. amathea (female) x A. fatima (male) have a reduced tendency to mate. Historically, Haldane's rule has been restricted to hybrid mortality or sterility and most studies have concentrated on taxa (predominantly Drosophila) between which strong barriers to gene flow already exist. Our data suggest that Haldane's rule might be extended to cover any decrease in hybrid fitness and that mating propensity may provide a sensitive and comparable means of assessing such decreases. Other barriers to gene flow were also evident in Anartia: F1 hybrid females have reduced fertility (also a Haldane effect) and larval survivorship was greatly reduced in F2 hybrids of both sexes. These examples of hybrid disruption are expected under the dominance theory of Haldane's rule but do not exclude other explanations. C1 UCL, DEPT BIOL, GALTON LAB, LONDON NW1 2HE, ENGLAND. UNIV HAWAII, CTR CONSERVAT RES & TRAINING, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA. RP Davies, N (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, POB 2072, BALBOA, ANCON, PANAMA. RI Davies, Neil/E-5863-2012; mallet, james/B-5114-2008; OI Davies, Neil/0000-0001-8085-5014; Mallet, James/0000-0002-3370-0367 NR 30 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUN 22 PY 1997 VL 264 IS 1383 BP 845 EP 851 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA XH131 UT WOS:A1997XH13100009 ER PT J AU Keeton, CR Kochanek, CS Seljak, U AF Keeton, CR Kochanek, CS Seljak, U TI Shear and ellipticity in gravitational lenses SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology, theory; galaxies, elliptical and lenticular, cD; gravitational lensing ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DISTANT GALAXY IMAGES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; DARK-MATTER; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; LENSING STATISTICS; REDSHIFT SURVEY; SHAPES; SYSTEM; MODELS AB Galaxies modeled as singular isothermal ellipsoids with an axis ratio distribution similar to the observed axis ratio distribution of E and S0 galaxies are statistically consistent with both the observed numbers of two-image and four-image lenses and the inferred ellipticities of individual lenses. However, no four-image lens is well fitted by the model (typical chi(2)/N-dof similar to 20), the axis ratio of the model can be significantly different from that of the observed lens galaxy, and the major axes of the model and the galaxy may be slightly misaligned. We found that models with a second, independent, external shear axis could fit the data well (typical chi(2)/N-dof similar to 1), while adding the same number of extra parameters to the radial mass distribution does not produce such a dramatic improvement in the fit. An independent shear axis can be produced by misalignments between the luminous galaxy and its dark matter halo, or by external shear perturbations due to galaxies and clusters correlated with the primary lens or along the line of sight. We estimate that the external shear perturbations have no significant effect on the expected numbers of two-image and four-image lenses but that they can be important perturbations in individual lens models. However, the amplitudes of the external shears required to produce good fits are larger than our estimates for typical external shear perturbations (10%-15% shear instead of 1%-3%), suggesting that the origin of the extra angular structure must be intrinsic to the primary lens galaxy in most cases. RP Keeton, CR (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,MS-51,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 103 TC 196 Z9 196 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 1997 VL 482 IS 2 BP 604 EP 620 DI 10.1086/304172 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XF541 UT WOS:A1997XF54100004 ER PT J AU Raymond, JC Blair, WP Long, KS Vancura, O Edgar, RJ Morse, J Hartigan, P Sanders, WT AF Raymond, JC Blair, WP Long, KS Vancura, O Edgar, RJ Morse, J Hartigan, P Sanders, WT TI The ultraviolet spectrum of a face-on shock wave in the Vela supernova remnant SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, individual (Vela supernova remnant); shock waves; supernova remnants; ultraviolet, ISM ID CYGNUS LOOP; RADIATIVE SHOCKS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; ABSORPTION-LINES; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; TELESCOPE; EMISSION; DISCOVERY; STABILITY; FILAMENT AB Ultraviolet emission lines in supernova remnants (SNRs) provide important clues to the shock velocities, densities, grain destruction, and thermal structure of the cooling regions in these objects. However, several of the brightest ultraviolet emission lines seen in SNRs, including C II lambda 1335, C IV lambda 1550, and O VI lambda 1034, are resonance lines whose brightnesses will be reduced by scattering if the column density along the line of sight is sufficiently large. Scattering is particularly important in the bright filaments of SNRs because these shock waves are seen nearly edge-on. To assess the importance of resonant scattering in the UV, we have taken advantage of the enormous diffuse source sensitivity of the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope to observe the UV emission from a face-on shock in the Vela supernova remnant. The position chosen is seen in projection near the center of the remnant and corresponds to a bright soft X-ray region. A 165 km s(-1) shock with a 30% carbon depletion matches most of the line intensities, but the weakness of the N V lambda 1240 line may suggest a departure from the simple shock models. We compare the spectrum of the face-on shock to that of a nearby bright filament and find some differences in shock velocity as well as in resonance-line scattering. We also derive the ram pressure of the shock from Fabry-Perot observations, and find that it greatly exceeds the thermal pressure derived from the [S II] doublet. This result strongly suggests pressure support by magnetic fields or cosmic rays. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. UNIV COLORADO, CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RICE UNIV, DEPT SPACE PHYS & ASTRON, HOUSTON, TX 77251 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT PHYS, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 55 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 1997 VL 482 IS 2 BP 881 EP + DI 10.1086/304183 PN 1 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XF541 UT WOS:A1997XF54100027 ER PT J AU Meixner, M Skinner, CJ Graham, JR Keto, E Jernigan, JG Arens, JF AF Meixner, M Skinner, CJ Graham, JR Keto, E Jernigan, JG Arens, JF TI Axially symmetric superwinds of proto-planetary nebulae with 21 micron dust features SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared, ISM, continuum; stars, AGB and post-AGB; stars, mass loss ID POST-AGB STARS; EMISSION FEATURES; INFRARED-SPECTRA; IRAS 21282+5050; CO OBSERVATIONS; RED-RECTANGLE; CARBON; EVOLUTION; IRAS-21282+5050; 10-MU-M AB We present narrowband images at selected wavelengths in the 8-13 mu m window of four carbon-rich, proto-planetary nebulae that have an unusual 21 mu m dust feature: IRAS 04296+3429, IRAS 22272+5435, IRAS 07134+1005, and IRAS 19500-1709. We observe axially symmetric dust emission structures in IRAS 22272+5435 and IRAS 07134+1005, and tentatively in IRAS 19500-1709, while IRAS 04296+3429 is unresolved with our similar to 1'' angular resolution. The well-resolved morphology of IRAS 07134+1005 shows an elliptical outer shell surrounding two aligned peaks that we interpret as limb-brightened peaks of an optically thin, elliptical shell with an equatorial density enhancement. This mid-IR morphology contrasts with that observed in the better studied carbon-rich proto-planetary nebulae, AFGL 2688, AFGL 915, and AFGL 618, which show bright, unresolved cores, probably created by optically thick inner regions, and bipolar extensions that align with their optical reflection nebulosities. Using an axially symmetric dust code and assuming that the dust is composed of 0.01 mu m amorphous carbon grains, we model the dust emission images and the spectral energy distributions of these four proto-planetary nebulae and of the young, carbon-rich planetary nebula IRAS 21282+5050, which also has an axially symmetric dust shell and other similarities with the proto-planetary nebulae that have the 21 mu m dust feature. Marginally resolved mid-infrared images constrain the dust shell's inner radius, while well-resolved mid-infrared images additionally constrain other geometric parameters of the model (e.g., inclination angles and pole-to-equator mass-loss rate ratios). The modeling reveals that the observed axial symmetry in the dust shells of these objects coincides with an enhanced mass-loss phase (similar to 3 x 10(-5) M. yr(-1)) during which the equatorial mass-loss rate was a factor of 18-90 higher than the polar mass-loss rate, i.e., an axially symmetric superwind. Our dynamical age estimates indicate that these stars left the asymptotic giant branch approximately 300-1400 years ago, just after the superwind phase. For each object, the size and structure of the dust shell is the same for the sampled wavelengths, with the exception of IRAS 22272+5435 for which the 11.8 mu m emission is larger than either the 8.2 or the 9.7 mu m emission. IRAS 22272+5435's spectrum has a larger dust feature-to-dust continuum ratio than found in the other objects, and hence its 11.8 mu m image is probably dominated by the 11.8 mu m feature emission that has different optical properties than the underlying continuum. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT ASTRON, MC 221, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, SPACE SCI LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT ASTRON, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 61 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 1997 VL 482 IS 2 BP 897 EP 912 DI 10.1086/304174 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XF541 UT WOS:A1997XF54100029 ER PT J AU Karovska, M Hack, W Raymond, J Guinan, E AF Karovska, M Hack, W Raymond, J Guinan, E TI First Hubble Space Telescope observations of Mira AB wind-accreting binary system SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries, close; stars, individual (o Ceti) ID COMPANION AB The Mira AB system belongs to a class of detached binaries in which a compact object accretes mass from the wind of a cool giant or supergiant. This system provides a unique laboratory for detailed study of the characteristics of the wind accretion processes because it can be spatially resolved with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the components can be studied individually at UV and optical wavelengths. We resolved the components of this binary using HST Faint Object Camera (FOG) images and obtained spectra of each component separately for the first time. The multiwavelength FOC images combined with the spectra provide a unique perspective on this accreting system and its components at wavelengths ranging from 150 to 550 nm. We determined the spectral energy distribution of each component unambiguously at UV and optical wavelengths and obtained the first high spatial resolution images of Mira A and Mira B at UV wavelengths. We detected significant asymmetries in the giant's atmosphere and found evidence for possible interaction with its companion. C1 SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. VILLANOVA UNIV,VILLANOVA,PA 19085. RP Karovska, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 16 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 1997 VL 482 IS 2 BP L175 EP & DI 10.1086/310704 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XF548 UT WOS:A1997XF54800015 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, O TI The correspondence of John Flamsteed, first Astronomer Royal, vol 11, 1682-1703 - Forbes,EG, Murdin,L, Wilmoth,F SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 19 PY 1997 VL 387 IS 6635 BP 769 EP 770 DI 10.1038/42848 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XF144 UT WOS:A1997XF14400033 ER PT J AU Lotrich, VF Szalewicz, K AF Lotrich, VF Szalewicz, K TI Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory of three-body nonadditivity in Ar trimer SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RARE-GAS ATOMS; INTERMOLECULAR FORCES; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; INTERACTION ENERGY; EXPANSION; ARGON; POTENTIALS; COMPLEXES; MOLECULES AB The symmetry-adapted perturbation theory has been used to compute the three-body nonadditivity of Ar-3 interaction. Several components which had not been considered before have been taken into account. A complete nonadditive potential surface has been fitted to 36 computed points. It is found that all of the dispersion components considered, including the famous Axilrod-Teller-Muto term, are significantly damped at short to intermediate interatomic separations. Functional forms describing this damping are obtained from fits to computed values. It is also seen that the leading intramonomer correlation correction to the dispersion energy cannot be ignored as it typically provides about 15% contribution to this energy. The fourth-order dispersion energy is similarly important at intermediate distances. Both components have not been considered before and appear to be necessary for accurate description of Ar-3 interaction. The nonadditivity of the more complicated exchange energies has been examined through second-order including an analysis of the expansion in powers of the interatomic overlap integrals. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,NEWARK,DE 19716. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 54 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 1997 VL 106 IS 23 BP 9688 EP 9702 DI 10.1063/1.473832 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XE026 UT WOS:A1997XE02600030 ER PT J AU Riley, SM AF Riley, SM TI Five women - Jaffe,R SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Riley, SM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUN 15 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 11 BP 98 EP 98 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA XE182 UT WOS:A1997XE18200213 ER PT J AU Kamionkowski, M Kosowsky, A Stebbins, A AF Kamionkowski, M Kosowsky, A Stebbins, A TI Statistics of cosmic microwave background polarization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; ANALYTIC APPROACH; RADIATION; ANISOTROPIES; FLUCTUATIONS AB We present a formalism for analyzing a full-sky temperature and polarization map of the cosmic microwave background. Temperature maps are analyzed by expanding over the set of spherical harmonics to give multipole moments of the two-point correlation function. Polarization, which is described by a second-rank tensor, can be treated analogously by expanding in the appropriate tensor spherical harmonics. We provide expressions for the complete set of temperature and polarization multipole moments for scalar and tensor metric perturbations. Four sets of multipole moments completely describe isotropic temperature and polarization correlations; for scalar metric perturbations one set is identically zero, giving the possibility of a clean determination of the vector and tensor contributions. The variance with which the multipole moments can be measured in idealized experiments is evaluated, including the effects of detector noise, sky coverage, and beam width. Finally, we construct coordinate-independent polarization two-point correlation functions, express them in terms of the multipole moments, and derive small-angle limits. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HARVARD UNIV,LYMAN LAB PHYS,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,NASA,BATAVIA,IL 60510. RP Kamionkowski, M (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,538 W 120TH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10027, USA. OI Kamionkowski, Marc/0000-0001-7018-2055 NR 70 TC 572 Z9 575 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 15 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 12 BP 7368 EP 7388 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.7368 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XF601 UT WOS:A1997XF60100007 ER PT J AU Seljak, U AF Seljak, U TI Measuring polarization in the cosmic microwave background SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology, theory; methods, data analysis; polarization ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; ANISOTROPY; RADIATION AB Polarization induced by cosmological scalar perturbations leads to a typical anisotropy pattern, which can best be analyzed in a Fourier domain. This allows one to distinguish a cosmological signal of polarization unambiguously from other foregrounds and systematics, as well as from polarization induced by nonscalar perturbations. The precision with which polarization and cross-correlation power spectra can be determined is limited by cosmic variance, noise, and foreground residuals. The choice of estimator can significantly improve our capability of extracting a cosmological signal, and in the noise-dominated limit the optimal power spectrum estimator reduces the variance by a factor of 2 compared to the simplest estimator. If foreground residuals are important, then a different estimator can be used, which eliminates systematic effects from foregrounds so that no further foreground subtraction is needed. A particular combination of Stokes Q and U parameters vanishes for scalar-induced polarization, thereby allowing a direct determination of tensor modes. Theoretical predictions of polarization in standard models show that one typically expects a signal at the level of 5-10 mu K on small angular scales and around 1 mu K on large scales (l < 200). Satellite missions should be able to reach sensitivities needed for an unambiguous detection of polarization, which would help to break the degeneracies in the determination of some of the cosmological parameters. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 36 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 1997 VL 482 IS 1 BP 6 EP 16 DI 10.1086/304123 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XD370 UT WOS:A1997XD37000002 ER PT J AU Jones, C Stern, C Forman, W Breen, J David, L Tucker, W Franx, M AF Jones, C Stern, C Forman, W Breen, J David, L Tucker, W Franx, M TI X-ray emission from the Fornax cluster SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, abundances; galaxies, elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies, individual, (NGC 1399); galaxies, structure; X-rays, galaxies ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; COOLING FLOWS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; ROSAT PSPC; NGC-1399; MASS; EVOLUTION; EINSTEIN AB We have analyzed the ROSAT PSPC observations of the central region of the Fornax cluster, a relatively poor group of galaxies at a distance of about 24 Mpc. The brightest X-ray and optical galaxy in the group is NGC 1399, an E1 galaxy located near the center of the Fornax cluster. We characterize the hot gas around the galaxy, derived from a 2' to 18' annulus around NGC 1399, as having a mean temperature of 1.30 +/- 0.05 keV and a heavy element abundance of 0.6 +/- 0.1 with respect to solar abundance (Fe/H = 4.68 x 10(-5) by number). Spatially resolved spectral data provide both gas temperature and gas abundance profiles extending to 125 kpc (18') from the galaxy. The temperature distribution, combined with the X-ray surface brightness profile, yields an accurate determination of the gravitating mass within 125 kpc, which falls in the range (4.3 - 8.1) x 10(12) M. (95% confidence range, including systematic uncertainties). If we include the extended optical halo around NGC 1399, the mass-to-light ratio increases with radius from 33 +/- 8 M./L. at 18 kpc to 70 +/- 22 M./L. at 110 kpc. We compare the heavy element abundance distribution measured around NGC 1399 with that measured around the Virgo galaxy NGC 4472, as well as to models for hot coronae. We find that the abundance distribution is in good agreement with that previously measured for NGC 4472 by Forman et al. in 1993. For both galaxies, the observed abundance profiles require both a weak evolution of the type Ia supernova rate with time and a present epoch rate which agrees with that of Cappellaro et al. We compare mass measurements in NGC 1399 to those for M87. The similarity of the optical masses in these systems and their differences in gas masses and gravitating masses lead us to suggest that the optical galaxies formed at an early stage when the central potentials of these two systems were similar. Subsequent infall of gas and dark matter into the larger, deeper Virgo potential resulted in the greater mass of the Virgo cluster compared to Fornax. We also report on X-ray properties of thirteen other Fornax galaxies. Eight of these were detected in ROSAT images with luminosities in the 0.2 to 2 keV energy band from 1 x 10(39) to 1.6 x 10(41) ergs s(-1) Five galaxies were sufficiently bright to permit spectral analyses and all but one (NGC 1380) had spectra consistent with thermal emission. Two (NGC 1404 and NGC 1387) of the four galaxies with well-constrained spectral parameters have hot coronae with characteristic gas temperatures of about 0.5 keV and iron abundances less than that found around NGC 1399 and other bright ellipticals. To maintain these hot coronae, the absolute magnitudes of these galaxies must be brighter than -19. Thus the distance to Fornax must be at least 18 Mpc, and, if there are no large peculiar velocities, the Hubble constant should be less than 75 km s(-1) Mpc(-1). Since these galaxies are all members of Fornax, distance uncertainties do not affect the relationship between their optical magnitude and X-ray luminosity. Analysis of the Fornax galaxies supports the contention that the scatter in the X-ray and optical relationship is intrinsic and does not arise solely from distance uncertainties. For the elliptical galaxy NGC 1404, the X-ray images show that the hot corona is distorted and likely is being stripped, indicating infall of the galaxy toward NGC 1399 and the cluster center. C1 UNIV GRONINGEN,KAPTEYN ASTRON INST,NL-9700 AV GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RP Jones, C (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 53 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 1997 VL 482 IS 1 BP 143 EP 155 DI 10.1086/304104 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XD370 UT WOS:A1997XD37000016 ER PT J AU Ramos, E Kafatos, M Fruscione, A Bruhweiler, FC McHardy, IM Hartman, RC Titarchuk, LG vonMontigny, C AF Ramos, E Kafatos, M Fruscione, A Bruhweiler, FC McHardy, IM Hartman, RC Titarchuk, LG vonMontigny, C TI Contemporaneous IUE, EUVE, and high-energy observations of 3C 273 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars, individual (3C 273); ultraviolet, galaxies; X-rays, galaxies ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EXPLORER; ACCRETION DISKS; SPECTRUM; 3C-273; COMPTONIZATION; RADIATION; RADIO AB We present the results of our 1994 January and 1995 January observations of the quasar 3C 273 obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) and the Extreme-Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE). These observations were part of a large multiwavelength campaign to observe 3C 273 from radio through gamma-rays. Our 1995 January photometric observations with the EUVE Lexan/B Deep Survey (DS) instrument indicate strong evidence for variability, at a 99% confidence level, during the 12 day observing period. We have utilized ROSAT PSPC soft X-ray power-law models to correlate with EUVE count rates. Besides variations in the normalization level between both observations, our EUV count rates are consistent with a simple power-law model with spectral index alpha similar to 1.77 (F-v similar to v(-alpha)) that can be extrapolated from the soft X-rays to the EUV range. The active galactic nucleus 3C 273 is an important blazar to study because in our picture it reveals the presence of both disk and relativistic beam spectral contributions. C1 GEORGE MASON UNIV,SPACE RES INST COMPUTAT SCI & INFORMAT,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,DEPT PHYS,SOUTHAMPTON SO9 5NH,HANTS,ENGLAND. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. LANDESSTERNWARTE HEIDELBERG KONIGSTUHL,D-69117 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. GEORGE MASON UNIV,CSI,CTR EARTH OBSERVING & SPACE RES,FAIRFAX,VA 22030. RP Ramos, E (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,CTR EARTH OBSERVING,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 1997 VL 482 IS 1 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1086/304121 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XD370 UT WOS:A1997XD37000018 ER PT J AU Zhao, JH Anantharamaiah, KR Goss, WM Viallefond, F AF Zhao, JH Anantharamaiah, KR Goss, WM Viallefond, F TI High-density, compact H II regions in the starburst galaxies NGC 3628 and IC 694: High-resolution VLA observations of the H92 alpha radio recombination line SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, individual (NGC 3628, IC 694); galaxies, ISM; galaxies, kinematics and dynamics; galaxies, starburst; radio lines, galaxies ID MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; STAR FORMATION; IONIZED-GAS; EMISSION; ABSORPTION; NGC-3628; IC-694; DISK; M87 AB Using the Very Large Array (VLA),(1) we have observed the H92 alpha line in the nuclear regions of NGC 3628 and Arp 299 (IC 694 + NGC 3690) with an angular resolution of 1 ''. The radio recombination lines could provide quite important constraints to the physical conditions for the ionized gas in the nuclear regions. For the central nuclear components in NGC 3628, IC 694, and NGC 3690, we find that the electron density of the ionized gas is in the range 5 x 10(2) to 5 x 10(4) cm(-3), with corresponding geometrical sizes ranging from 25 to 0.01 pc. For the regions with a large line-to-continuum ratio, such as the anomalous kinematic components in IC 694 and NGC 3628, the electron density of the H II regions is well constrained. The derived parameters suggest the existence of similar to 100 high-density, compact H Ir regions (n(e) similar to 10(4) cm(-3) and l similar to 1-2 pc) in these two components. The large number of high-density, compact H n regions deduced for these components can be regarded as evidence for enhanced massive star formation in anomalous kinematic structures that are often produced in interacting systems. Our new H92 alpha line observations reveal the presence of rotating circumnuclear ionized gas disks in both NGC 3628 and IC 694. From the analysis of the nuclear kinematics, we find that a total dynamical mass of 3 x 10(8) M. exists within a radius R = 120 pc in NGC 3628 and 7 x 10(8) M. within R = 200 pc in IC 694. The kinematics of the ionized gas and the models with a collection of H II regions infer that the ratio of H n to dynamical mass in the starburst nuclei varies from 1 x 10(-4) (for the high-density,compact H II region model) to 1 x 10(-2) (for the low-density, large H II region model). C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RAMAN RES INST,BANGALORE 560080,KARNATAKA,INDIA. NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,SOCORRO,NM 87801. OBSERV PARIS,DEMIRM,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. RP Zhao, JH (reprint author), ACAD SINICA,INST ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,POB 1-87,TAIPEI 115,TAIWAN. RI Anantharamaiah , K. R./E-5369-2012; M, Manjunath/N-4000-2014 OI M, Manjunath/0000-0001-8710-0730 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 1997 VL 482 IS 1 BP 186 EP & DI 10.1086/304135 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XD370 UT WOS:A1997XD37000022 ER PT J AU Shepherd, DS Churchwell, E Wilner, DJ AF Shepherd, DS Churchwell, E Wilner, DJ TI A high spatial resolution study of the ON2 massive star-forming region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, individual (ON2); ISM, jets and outflows; ISM, molecules; nebulae, H II regions; stars, formation ID H-II REGIONS; SIO EMISSION; ORION-A; OUTFLOW; INTERFEROMETER; CLOUDS; DISKS; JET; GAS AB We present 5 ''-10 '' resolution images of the ON2 cloud core in the molecular lines (CO)-C-12(J = 1-0), SiO(v = 0, J = 2-1), (HCO+)-C-13(J = 1-0), and SO2(8(3.5)-9(2.8)) and 3 millimeter continuum obtained with the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Array (BIMA) millimeter-wave interferometer. For the (CO)-C-12 line, additional observations were obtained with the NRAO(4) 12 m telescope to recover extended emission missed by the interferometer. We find evidence for at least four massive, energetic molecular outflows from young stellar objects within a 1.5 pc region. Three of these are identified by bipolar high-velocity (CO)-C-12 emission, and a fourth is suggested by SiO and SO2 emission. Continuum emission is detected from the ultracompact (UC) H II region, G75.78 + 0.34, and also from two deeply embedded YSOs, one of which (source 3) may be the driving engine of the dominant central outflow G75 C. Approximately half of the SiO emission observed is not obviously linked to the proposed molecular outflows and perhaps traces additional shock activity within ON2. The high-resolution observations support the conclusion reached previously that a near-simultaneous massive star formation event occurred in the ON2 complex similar to 10(4) yr ago. The presence of molecular outflows in the cloud core shows that this event was not isolated to the cloud edges. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ASTRON,MADISON,WI 53706. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Shepherd, DS (reprint author), CALTECH,MS 105-24,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 1997 VL 482 IS 1 BP 355 EP 371 DI 10.1086/304117 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XD370 UT WOS:A1997XD37000031 ER PT J AU Esin, AA AF Esin, AA TI Heating and cooling of hot accretion flows by nonlocal radiation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; radiation mechanisms, nonthermal; radiative transfer ID MODEL; SPECTRUM; PLASMAS AB We consider nonlocal effects that arise when radiation emitted at one radius of an accretion disk either heats or cools gas at other radii through Compton scattering. We discuss three situations: 1. Radiation from the inner regions of an advection-dominated flow Compton cooling gas at intermediate radii and Compton heating gas at large radii. 2. Soft radiation from an outer thin accretion disk Compton cooling a hot one- or two-temperature flow on the inside. 3. Soft radiation from an inner thin accretion disk Compton cooling hot gas in a surrounding one-temperature flow. We describe how previous results are modified by these nonlocal interactions. We find that Compton heating or cooling of the gas by the radiation emitted in the inner regions of a hot flow is not important. Likewise, Compton cooling by the soft photons from an outer thin disk is negligible when the transition from a cold to a hot flow occurs at a radius greater than some minimum R-tr,R-min. However, if the hot how terminates at R < R-tr,R-min, nonlocal cooling is so strong that the hot gas is cooled to a thin disk configuration in a runaway process. In the case of a thin disk surrounded by a hot one-temperature flow, we find that Compton cooling by soft radiation dominates over local cooling in the hot gas for M greater than or similar to 10(-3)alpha M-Edd and R less than or similar to 10(4)R(Schw). As a result, the maximum accretion rate for which an advection-dominated one-temperature solution exists decreases by a factor of similar to 10 compared with the value computed under an assumption of local energy balance. RP Esin, AA (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 1997 VL 482 IS 1 BP 400 EP 413 DI 10.1086/304129 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XD370 UT WOS:A1997XD37000035 ER PT J AU Narayan, R Barret, D McClintock, JE AF Narayan, R Barret, D McClintock, JE TI Advection-dominated accretion model of the black hole V404 Cygni in quiescence SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries, close; black hole physics; stars, individual (V404 Cygni); X-rays, stars ID DISKS; PLASMAS; SPECTRUM; ENERGY; RATES; MASS AB We have analyzed archival ASCA data on the soft X-ray transient source V404 Cyg in quiescence. We find that in the energy range 0.7-8.5 keV the spectrum is a hard power law with a photon spectral index between 1.8 and 2.6 (90% confidence limits). We present a model of V404 Cyg in which the accretion flow has two components: (1) an outer thin disk with a small annular extent and (2) a large interior region where the flow is advection dominated. Nearly all the radiation in the infrared, optical, UV, and X-ray bands is from the advection-dominated zone; the thin disk radiates primarily in the infrared where it contributes about 10% of the observed flux. The spectrum we calculate with this model is in excellent agreement with the ASCA X-ray data presented here, as well as with previous optical data. Moreover, the fit is very insensitive to the choice of parameters such as black hole mass,orbital inclination, viscosity coefficient a, and magnetic field strength. We consider the success of the model to be strong support for the advection-dominated accretion paradigm, and further evidence of the black hole nature of V404 Cyg. We discuss strategies whereby systems with advection-dominated accretion could be used to prove the reality of event horizons in black holes. RP Narayan, R (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 69 TC 168 Z9 170 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 1997 VL 482 IS 1 BP 448 EP 464 DI 10.1086/304134 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XD370 UT WOS:A1997XD37000040 ER PT J AU Siemiginowska, A Elvis, M AF Siemiginowska, A Elvis, M TI Deriving the quasar luminosity function from accretion-disk instabilities SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; cosmology, theory; quasars, general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLES; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES AB We have derived the quasar luminosity function assuming that the quasar activity is driven by a thermal-viscous unstable accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. The instabilities produce large amplitude, long-term variability of a single source. We take a light curve of a single source and calculate the luminosity function from the fraction of time it spends at each luminosity. Convolving this with an assumed mass distribution we were able to fit well the observed optical luminosity function of quasars at four redshifts. As a result we obtain the evolution of the mass distribution between redshifts 2.5 and 0.5. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the quasar long-term variability due to the disk thermal-viscous instabilities provides a natural explanation for the observed quasar luminosity function; (2) the peak of the mass function evolves toward lower black hole masses at lower redshifts by a factor similar to 10; (3) the number of high-mass sources declines rapidly, so low-mass sources become dominant at lower redshift; (4) outbursts of activity appear as long as the matter is supplied to the accretion disk; (5) since the time-averaged accretion rate is low, the remnant sources (or sources in the low activity phase) do not grow into very massive black holes; and (6) a continuous fuel supply at a relatively low accretion rate (similar to 0.01-0.1 (M) overdot (Edd)) for each single source is required over the lifetime of the entire quasar population. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, MS-70, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 32 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 1997 VL 482 IS 1 BP L9 EP L12 DI 10.1086/310673 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XD371 UT WOS:A1997XD37100003 ER PT J AU Young, K Cox, P Huggins, PJ Forveille, T Bachiller, R AF Young, K Cox, P Huggins, PJ Forveille, T Bachiller, R TI Neutral atomic carbon in the globules of the helix SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary nebulae, individual, (NGC 7293); radio lines, stars; stars, AGB and post-AGE; stars, mass loss ID PLANETARY-NEBULAE; CO AB We report detection of the 609 mu m P-3(1) --> P-3(0) line of neutral atomic carbon in globules of the Helix Nebula. The measurements were made toward the position of peak CO emission. At the same position, we obtained high-quality CO(2-1) and (CO)-C-13(2-1) spectra and a 135 '' x 135 '' map in CO(2-1). The velocity distribution of CI shows six narrow (1-2 km s(-1)) components, which are associated with individual globules traced in CO. The CI column densities are (0.5-1.2) x 10(16) cm(-2). CI is found to be a factor of similar to 6 more abundant than CO. The large abundance of CI in the Helix can be understood as a result of the gradual photoionization of the molecular envelope by the central star's radiation field. C1 UNIV PARIS 11,INST ASTROPHYS SPATIALE,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. INST ASTROPHYS,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. NYU,DEPT PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10003. OBSERV GRENOBLE,F-38041 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. OBSERV ASTRON NACL,INST GEOG NACL,E-28800 ALCALA DE HENARES,SPAIN. RP Young, K (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,60 GARDEN ST,MS 78,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 1997 VL 482 IS 1 BP L101 EP L104 DI 10.1086/310677 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XD371 UT WOS:A1997XD37100026 ER PT J AU Sanz, JL Chiappe, LM PerezMoreno, BP Moratalla, JJ HernandezCarrasquilla, F Buscalioni, AD Ortega, F PoyatoAriza, FJ RasskinGutman, D MartinezDelclos, X AF Sanz, JL Chiappe, LM PerezMoreno, BP Moratalla, JJ HernandezCarrasquilla, F Buscalioni, AD Ortega, F PoyatoAriza, FJ RasskinGutman, D MartinezDelclos, X TI A nestling bird from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain: Implications for avian skull and neck evolution SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MESOZOIC BIRDS; CHINA; ORIGIN AB A feathered skeleton of a Lower Cretaceous enantiornithine bird from Spain indicates that the modified diapsid skull of modern birds did not evolve until late in their evolution: Basal birds retained an essentially primitive diapsid design. The fossil provides data clarifying long-standing debates on the cranial morphology of the basalmost bird, Archaeopteryx. It also reemphasizes the notion that the early morphological transformations of birds were focused on the flight apparatus. This fossil was a nestling and suggests that early postnatal developments in the Cretaceous enantiornithine birds and those in their extant counterparts are comparable. C1 UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID, FAC CIENCIAS, DEPT BIOL, UNIDAD ARQUEOZOOL, E-28049 MADRID, SPAIN. AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT ORNITHOL, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA. SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, MRC 121, DEPT PALEOBIOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. UNIV BARCELONA, FAC GEOL, DEPT GEOL DINAM GEOFIS & PALEONTOL, BARCELONA 0871, SPAIN. RP Sanz, JL (reprint author), UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID, FAC CIENCIAS, DEPT BIOL, UNIDAD PALEONTOL, E-28049 MADRID, SPAIN. RI Ortega, Francisco/B-5760-2009; Sanz, Jose Luis/L-2476-2013; DELCLOS, Xavier/D-4363-2014 OI Ortega, Francisco/0000-0002-7431-354X; Sanz, Jose Luis/0000-0002-5214-5725; DELCLOS, Xavier/0000-0002-2233-5480 NR 51 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 6 PY 1997 VL 276 IS 5318 BP 1543 EP 1546 DI 10.1126/science.276.5318.1543 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XC701 UT WOS:A1997XC70100037 ER PT J AU Luu, J Marsden, BG Jewitt, D Trujillo, CA Hergenrother, CW Chen, J Offutt, WB AF Luu, J Marsden, BG Jewitt, D Trujillo, CA Hergenrother, CW Chen, J Offutt, WB TI A new dynamical class of object in the outer Solar System SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SHORT-PERIOD COMETS; NEPTUNE; BELT AB Some three dozen objects have now been discovered(1-5) beyond the orbit of Neptune and classified as members of the Kuiper belt-a remnant population of icy planetesimals that failed to be incorporated into planets. At still greater distances is believed to Lie the Oort cloud-a massive population of cometary objects distributed approximately in a sphere of characteristic dimension 50,000 AU (ref. 6). Here we report the discovery of an object, 1996TL(66), that appears to be representative of a population of scattered bodies located between the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud. 1996TL(66) has an orbital semimajor axis of 84 Au, and is in an extremely eccentric and highly inclined orbit (e = 0.58, i = 24 degrees). With a red magnitude similar to 20.9, it is the brightest trans-neptunian object yet found since Pluto and Charon. Its discovery suggests that the Kuiper belt extends substantially beyond the 30-50 AU region sampled by previous surveys, and may contain much more mass than previously suspected. C1 UNIV HAWAII,INST ASTRON,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV ARIZONA,LUNAR & PLANETARY LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. W&B OBSERV,CLOUDCROFT,NM 88317. RP Luu, J (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 20 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 5 PY 1997 VL 387 IS 6633 BP 573 EP 575 DI 10.1038/42413 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XC522 UT WOS:A1997XC52200046 ER PT J AU Geary, CM AF Geary, CM TI Early images from Benin at the National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution SO AFRICAN ARTS LA English DT Article RP Geary, CM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AFRICAN ART,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIF PI LOS ANGELES PA AFRICAN STUDIES CNTR, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 SN 0001-9933 J9 AFR ARTS JI Afr. Arts PD SUM PY 1997 VL 30 IS 3 BP 44 EP & DI 10.2307/3337499 PG 0 WC Art SC Art GA XU037 UT WOS:A1997XU03700011 ER PT J AU Stark, AA AF Stark, AA TI Potential measurement of the luminosity function of 158 micron [C II] at high redshifts: A test of galaxy formation models SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE early universe; galaxies, formation; infrared, galaxies; radio lines, galaxies ID STAR FORMATION; UNIVERSE; SKY AB Galaxy formation scenarios predict a burst of star formation in normal galaxies at a redshift between z similar to 2 and z similar to 6 (e.g., Katz & Gunn 1991); such a starburst may be accompanied by a significant brightening of the lambda = 158 mu m line of C+. Galaxies that will evolve to a total luminosity L* = 5 x 10(10) L. in the current era are considered at various redshifts. When the C+ luminosity is evolved in accordance with a starburst scenario, the expected spectral line antenna temperature at the focus of a 10 m telescope is about 2 mK for galaxy models at redshifts up to that at which the starburst occurs. Such a spectral line is detectable with current submillimeter wavelength instrumentation at good submillimeter-wave sites like the South Pole. If the telescope were equipped with an array receiver and wide-bandwidth spectrometers (100 channels distributed over 5 GHz), a ''blank sky'' survey for such objects would likely detect several hundred during a winter of observation. The number and distribution of detections would provide a sensitive test of galaxy formation models, even if protogalaxies are shrouded in dust and faint at near-infrared wavelengths. Most of the energy released in the collapse of protogalaxies and the first generations of star formation may appear at Earth as submillimeter-wave radiation; testing this hypothesis will necessarily require submillimeter-wave observations. RP Stark, AA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, 60 GARDEN ST, MS 78, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 2 BP 587 EP 593 DI 10.1086/304099 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XB884 UT WOS:A1997XB88400003 ER PT J AU Diaferio, A Geller, MJ AF Diaferio, A Geller, MJ TI Infall regions of galaxy clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies, clusters, general; methods, numerical ID N-BODY SIMULATIONS; COLD DARK-MATTER; VELOCITY-FIELDS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; GALACTIC HALOS; RICH CLUSTERS; UNIVERSE; STATISTICS; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS AB In hierarchical clustering, galaxy clusters accrete mass through the aggregation of smaller systems. Thus, the velocity held of the infall regions of clusters contains significant random motion superposed on radial infall. Because the purely spherical infall model does not predict the amplitude of the velocity held correctly, methods estimating the cosmological density parameter Omega(0) based on this model yield unreliable biased results. In fact, the amplitude of the velocity held depends on local dynamics and only very weakly on the global properties of the universe. We use N-body simulations of flat and open universes to show that the amplitude of the velocity field of the infall regions of dark matter halos is a direct measure of the escape velocity within these regions. We can use this amplitude to estimate the mass of dark matter halos within a few megaparsecs from the halo center. In this region dynamical equilibrium assumptions do not hold. The method yields a mass estimate with better than 30% accuracy. If galaxies trace the velocity held of the infall regions of clusters reliably, this method provides a straightforward way to estimate the amount of mass surrounding rich galaxy clusters from redshift data alone. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NR 61 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 2 BP 633 EP 643 DI 10.1086/304075 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XB884 UT WOS:A1997XB88400007 ER PT J AU Krennrich, F Akerlof, CW Buckley, JH Burdett, AM CarterLewis, DA Cawley, MF Catanese, M Connaughton, V Fegan, DJ Finley, JP Gaidos, JA Lamb, RC Lessard, R McEnery, JE Mohanty, G Quinn, J Rodgers, AJ Rose, HJ Schubnell, MS Sembroski, GH Weekes, TC Wilson, C Zweerink, J AF Krennrich, F Akerlof, CW Buckley, JH Burdett, AM CarterLewis, DA Cawley, MF Catanese, M Connaughton, V Fegan, DJ Finley, JP Gaidos, JA Lamb, RC Lessard, R McEnery, JE Mohanty, G Quinn, J Rodgers, AJ Rose, HJ Schubnell, MS Sembroski, GH Weekes, TC Wilson, C Zweerink, J TI Detection of multi-TeV emission from Markarian 421 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects, individual (Markarian 421); gamma rays, observations ID GAMMA-RAYS AB Gamma rays with energies exceeding 5 +/- 1.5 TeV have been detected from Markarian 421 using the Whipple Observatory's 10 m gamma-ray telescope. These observations employ a new technique: the so-called large zenith-angle technique. Because they are taken at large zenith angles, the observations yield high statistics data on the multi-TeV part of the spectrum and are well suited for examining the question of a possible energy cutoff. Observations taken during high states on 1995 June 20, 21, and 28 show no evidence for a spectral break. These results conflict with a previous interpretation of the Markarian 421 energy spectrum in which a cutoff due to gamma-ray absorption in extragalactic space was postulated. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,RANDALL LAB PHYS,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,FRED LAWRENCE WHIPPLE OBSERV,AMADO,AZ 85645. UNIV LEEDS,DEPT PHYS,LEEDS LS2 9JT,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. ST PATRICKS COLL,DEPT PHYS,MAYNOOTH,KILDARE,IRELAND. NATL UNIV IRELAND UNIV COLL DUBLIN,DEPT PHYS,DUBLIN 4,IRELAND. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Krennrich, F (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 2 BP 758 EP 763 DI 10.1086/304090 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XB884 UT WOS:A1997XB88400017 ER PT J AU Calvet, N Hartmann, L Strom, SE AF Calvet, N Hartmann, L Strom, SE TI Near-infrared emission of protostars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared, stars; stars, formation; stars, pre-main-sequence ID T-TAURI STARS; AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; BALMER LINE-PROFILES; ACCRETION DISKS; MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION; EVOLUTION; MODELS; IRRADIATION; ENVELOPES AB Models for the thermal emission from dusty infalling envelopes around protostars indicate that the envelope emission can greatly exceed the stellar plus disk photospheric emission at wavelengths similar to 2 mu m. We argue that this thermal envelope emission accounts for the weakness of 2.3 mu m CO first-overtone absorption lines in protostellar sources. Disk emission alone is unlikely to explain the observed effect, either because disks exhibit their own CO absorption, or because inner disk holes eliminate the region of the disk that can emit in the near-infrared. We find that this near-infrared veiling is very dependent on the envelope density, increasing as mass infall rate increases and centrifugal radius decreases. The veiling also depends on the characteristics of the underlying object, and it is largest when most of the luminosity is due to accretion and the disk hole size is several stellar radii. The observed veiling indicates that dust must be falling in to distances of similar to 0.1 AU of the central star. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Calvet, N (reprint author), FIVE COLL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,DEPT ASTRON,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 2 BP 912 EP 917 DI 10.1086/304101 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XB884 UT WOS:A1997XB88400032 ER PT J AU Ferland, GJ Korista, KT Verner, DA Dalgarno, A AF Ferland, GJ Korista, KT Verner, DA Dalgarno, A TI Charge transfer between neutral atoms and highly ionized species: Implications for ISO observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; infrared, ISM, lines and bands ID IONIZATION AB We estimate rate coefficients for charge transfer between neutral hydrogen and helium and moderately to highly ionized heavy elements. Although charge transfer does not have much influence on hot collisionally ionized plasmas, its effects on photoionized plasmas can be profound. We present several photoionization models that illustrate the significant effect of charge transfer on the far-infrared lines detected by ISO. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Ferland, GJ (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,177 CHEM PHYS BLDG,LEXINGTON,KY 40506, USA. OI Ferland, Gary/0000-0003-4503-6333 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 2 BP L115 EP L117 DI 10.1086/310655 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XB886 UT WOS:A1997XB88600015 ER PT J AU Landsman, W Aparicio, J Bergeron, P DiStefano, R Stecher, TP AF Landsman, W Aparicio, J Bergeron, P DiStefano, R Stecher, TP TI S1040 in M67: A post-mass transfer binary with a helium core white dwarf SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries, close; blue stragglers; open clusters and associations, individual (M67); ultraviolet, stars; white dwarfs ID OPEN CLUSTER M67; STARS AB We have obtained spectra of the yellow giant S1040 in the open cluster M67 using the Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) and the Faint Object Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. S1040 is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with a 42.8 day period that occupies a ''red straggler'' position in the M67 color-magnitude diagram (CMD), 0.2 mag blueward of the giant branch. A detection of S1040 at 1620 Angstrom with the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope provided evidence that the secondary is a hot white dwarf and thus that the anomalous location of S1040 in the CMD is likely due to a prior episode of mass transfer. Our GHRS spectrum shows a broad Ly alpha absorption profile that confirms the white dwarf identification of the S1040 secondary. A model atmosphere fit to the GHRS spectrum yields T-eff = 16,160 K, log g = 6.7, and a mass of about 0.22 M., for an assumed cluster distance of 820 pc and a reddening of E(B - V) = 0.02. The unusually low mass derived for the white dwarf implies that it must have a helium core and that a mass transfer episode must have begun while the progenitor was on the lower giant branch. We construct a plausible mass transfer history for S1040 in which it originated as a short-period (similar to 2 days) binary and evolved through a blue straggler phase to reach its current state. C1 UNIV MONTREAL,DEPT PHYS,MONTREAL,PQ H3C 3J7,CANADA. LOCKHEED MARTIN CANADA,MONTREAL,PQ H4P 1K6,CANADA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Landsman, W (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUGHES STX CORP,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,CODE 681,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 2 BP L93 EP L96 DI 10.1086/310654 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XB886 UT WOS:A1997XB88600010 ER PT J AU Braatz, JA Wilson, AS Henkel, C AF Braatz, JA Wilson, AS Henkel, C TI A survey for H2O megamasers in active galactic nuclei .2. A comparison of detected and undetected galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies, active; galaxies, nuclei; galaxies, Seyfert; ISM, molecules; masers; radio lines, galaxies ID SEYFERT-GALAXIES; RADIO STRUCTURES; MASER EMISSION; LIMITED SAMPLE; LOW-LUMINOSITY; IRAS GALAXIES; LINE REGION; VELOCITIES; IONIZATION; NGC-4258 AB A survey for H2O megamaser emission from 354 active galaxies has resulted in the detection of 10 new sources, making 16 known altogether. The galaxies surveyed include a distance-limited sample (covering Seyferts and LINERs with recession velocities less than 7000 km s(-1)) and a magnitude-limited sample (covering Seyferts and LINERs with m(B) less than or equal to 14.5). In order to determine whether the H2O-detected galaxies are ''typical'' active galactic nuclei (AGNs) or have special properties that facilitate the production of powerful masers, we have accumulated a database of physical, morphological, and spectroscopic properties of the observed galaxies. The most significant finding is that H2O megamasers are detected only in Seyfert 2 and LINER galaxies, not Seyfert 1's. This lack of detection in Seyfert 1's indicates either that they do not have molecular gas in their nuclei with physical conditions appropriate to produce 1.3 cm H2O masers or that the masers are beamed away from Earth, presumably in the plane of the putative molecular torus that hides the Seyfert 1 nucleus in Seyfert 2's. LINERs are detected at a similar rate to Seyfert 2's, which constitutes a strong argument that at least some nuclear LINERs are AGNs rather than starbursts, since starbursts have not been detected as H2O megamasers. We preferentially detect H2O emission from the nearer galaxies and from those that are apparently brighter at mid- and far-infrared and centimeter radio wavelengths. There is also a possible trend for the H2O-detected galaxies to be more intrinsically luminous in nuclear 6 cm radio emission than the undetected ones, though these data are incomplete. We find evidence that Seyfert 2's with very high (N-H > 10(24) cm(-2)) X-ray-absorbing columns of gas are more often detected as H2O maser emitters than Seyfert 2's with lower columns. It may be that the probability of detecting H2O maser emission in Seyfert galaxies increases with increasing column of cool gas to the nucleus, from Seyfert 1's through narrow-line X-ray galaxies to Seyfert 2's. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ASTRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. MAX PLANCK INST RADIOASTRON,D-53121 BONN,GERMANY. RP Braatz, JA (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 47 TC 114 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 110 IS 2 BP 321 EP 346 DI 10.1086/312999 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XG437 UT WOS:A1997XG43700008 ER PT J AU Greenberg, R Bichier, P Sterling, J AF Greenberg, R Bichier, P Sterling, J TI Acacia, cattle and migratory birds in southeastern Mexico SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE silvopastoral systems; paleoecology; tropical bird communities; Huizachales and agroforestry ID OVERWINTERING NEARCTIC MIGRANTS; SOUTH-AFRICAN SAVANNA; BROWSING RUMINANTS; BRUCHID BEETLES; WOODY-PLANTS; HERBIVORES; FOREST AB Acacia pennatula groves in mid-elevation valleys of southern Mexico supported both the highest density and diversity of migratory birds compared to other habitats in the region. In addition, we found the highest numbers for over half of the common migratory species. Despite the high degree of leaf loss during the late winter, acacia groves do not experience greater declines in insectivorous migratory bird populations than other local habitats. Color-marked individuals of canopy species had a strong tendency to remain resident within a single acacia grove throughout the winter. Management of native acacias on subtropical rangelands for wood products, fodder, and soil improvement would probably directly and indirectly benefit migratory song bird populations. Neotropical acacia woodland is primarily associated with grazing land for livestock which might discourage some from considering acacia management a viable option for migratory bird conservation. However, acacias were probably widespread in recent geologic time under drier conditions with heavy browsing and seed dispersal by a now extinct megafauna. Two observations suggest a foraging advantage for acacia use: the higher density of migratory birds in acacia is a result of higher numbers of canopy insectivores; and acacias are selected by migrants when they cccur in mixed habitat. We hypothesize that plant investment in mechanical defenses (thorns) reduces energy available for chemical defenses effective against insect herbivores. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Greenberg, R (reprint author), NATL ZOOL PK,SMITHSONIAN MIGRATORY BIRD CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 61 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 80 IS 3 BP 235 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(96)00137-1 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WX075 UT WOS:A1997WX07500002 ER PT J AU Harms, KE Dalling, JW Aizprua, R AF Harms, KE Dalling, JW Aizprua, R TI Regeneration from cotyledons in Gustavia superba (Lecythidaceae) SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; cotyledon; Gustavia superba; Lecythidaceae; Panama; seedling; regeneration; vegetative reproduction; Tontelea richardii ID TROPICAL FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; TREE; GERMINATION; DAMAGE; SHRUBS C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. UNIV PANAMA,DEPT BOT,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. RP Harms, KE (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT BIOL,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JUN PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 BP 234 EP 237 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XG778 UT WOS:A1997XG77800014 ER PT J AU Winker, K AF Winker, K TI The role of taxonomy and systematics SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,MSC,MRC 534,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 595 EP 596 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XD394 UT WOS:A1997XD39400005 ER PT J AU Snyder, NFR Derrickson, SR Beissinger, SR Wiley, JW Smith, TB Toone, WD Miller, B AF Snyder, NFR Derrickson, SR Beissinger, SR Wiley, JW Smith, TB Toone, WD Miller, B TI Limitations of captive breeding: Reply SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CONSERVAT & RES CTR, NATL ZOOL PK, FRONT ROYAL, VA 22630 USA. WILDLIFE PRESERVAT TRUST INT, PORTAL, AZ 85632 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. GRAMBLING STATE UNIV, GRAMBLING COOPERAT WILDLIFE PROJECT, GRAMBLING, LA 71245 USA. SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94132 USA. SAN DIEGO WILD ANIM PK, ESCONDIDO, CA 92027 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, INST BIOL, CHAMELA RES STN, MELAQUE 48980, JALISCO, MEXICO. RI Beissinger, Steven/F-3809-2012 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 808 EP 810 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96426.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XD394 UT WOS:A1997XD39400030 ER PT J AU Hubbell, SP AF Hubbell, SP TI A unified theory of biogeography and relative species abundance and its application to tropical rain forests and coral reefs SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Coral Reef Symposium CY 1996 CL PANAMA CITY, PANAMA AB Theories of island biogeography and of relative species abundance are of central importance in biogeography and community ecology, yet these two bodies of theory heretofore have been largely unconnected. Incorporating speciation into the theory of island biogeography unexpectedly results in unification of these two theories. The unified theory predicts the existence of a fundamental biodiversity number theta that controls not only species richness, but also relative species abundance in the source area metacommunity at equilibrium between speciation and extinction. With additional parameters for island size and migration rate, the theory also predicts relative species abundance on islands or local regions of continuous landscapes. Application of the theory to the biogeography and biodiversity of communities of tropical trees and reef-building corals are discussed. One important result is that only relatively modest migration rates are sufficient to dynamically couple the regional metacommunity and stabilize community structure on large spatiotemporal scales. Thus, regional, long-term compositional stasis in tropical rain forests and coral reefs can arise just as easily from the stabilizing effect of large numbers as from niche-assembly rules that limit species membership in communities. Because of the higher intrinsic vagility of corals, the theory predicts greater regional similarity in coral reef communities than in tropical tree communities. C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP Hubbell, SP (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUTIONARY BIOL,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 42 TC 160 Z9 172 U1 12 U2 120 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD JUN PY 1997 VL 16 SU S BP S9 EP S21 DI 10.1007/s003380050237 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA XP534 UT WOS:A1997XP53400003 ER PT J AU Jackson, JBC AF Jackson, JBC TI Reefs since Columbus SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Coral Reef Symposium CY 1996 CL PANAMA CITY, PANAMA ID MAJOR OIL-SPILL; CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEF; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM; BUILDING CORALS; MASS MORTALITY; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; GROWTH; MARINE AB History shows that Caribbean coastal ecosystems were severely degraded long before ecologists began to study them. Large vertebrates such as the green turtle, hawksbill turtle, manatee and extinct Caribbean monk seal were decimated by about 1800 in the central and northern Caribbean, and by 1990 elsewhere. Subsistence over-fishing subsequently decimated reef fish populations. Local fisheries accounted for a small fraction of the fish consumed on Caribbean islands by about the mid nineteenth century when human populations were less than one fifth their numbers today. Herbivores and predators were reduced to very small fishes and sea urchins by the 1950s when intensive scientific investigations began. These small consumers, most notably Diadema antillarum, were apparently always very abundant; contrary to speculation that their abundance had increased many-fold due to overfishing. Studying grazing and predation on reefs today is like trying to understand the ecology of the Serengeti by studying the termites and the locusts while ignoring the elephants and the wildebeeste. Green turtles, hawksbill turtles and manatees were almost certainly comparably important keystone species on reefs and seagrass beds. Small fishes and invertebrates feed very differently from turtles and manatees and could and can not compensate for their loss, despite their great abundance long before overfishing began. Loss of megavertebrates dramatically reduced and qualitatively changed grazing and excavation of seagrasses, predation on sponges, loss of production to adjacent ecosystems, and the structure of food chains. Megavertebrates are critical for reef conservation and, unlike land, there are no coral reef livestock to take their place. RP Jackson, JBC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,CTR TROP PALEOECOL & ARCHEOL,APARTADO 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 108 TC 182 Z9 193 U1 15 U2 120 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD JUN PY 1997 VL 16 SU S BP S23 EP S32 DI 10.1007/s003380050238 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA XP534 UT WOS:A1997XP53400004 ER PT J AU Hagedorn, M Hsu, E Kleinhans, FW Wildt, DE AF Hagedorn, M Hsu, E Kleinhans, FW Wildt, DE TI New approaches for studying the permeability of fish embryos: Toward successful cryopreservation SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biomedical Engineering - Novel Engineering Technology in Cryobiology Research and Its Applications, at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Cryobiology CY AUG 21, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Soc Cryobiol ID CYPRINUS-CARPIO L; MOUSE EMBRYOS; DETERMINES METHYLATION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; BRACHYDANIO-RERIO; CATTLE EMBRYOS; VITRIFICATION; CELLS; INTACT; SPERM AB This paper describes some new approaches for understanding the permeability of teleost embryos. The dechorionated zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) was used as a model for basic studies of water and cryoprotectant permeability. These embryos are composed of two compartments, a large yolk (surrounded by the yolk syncytial layer) and differentiating blastoderm cells. Cellular water was distributed unequally in each compartment. Measurements indicated that the total water in the embryo was 74%, while the total water in the yolk was 42%, and total water in the blastoderm was 82%. The internal isosmotic value for the zebrafish embryo is unknown. However, for one-compartment modeling studies of membrane permeability, the mean Lp (+/-SEM) values were 0.022 +/- 0.002 to 0.049 +/- 0.008 mu m x min(-1) atm(-1) at 40 mOsm (assuming this was one possible internal isosmotic value for the entire embryo) and 0.040 +/- 0.004 to 0.1 +/- 0.017 mu m x min(-1) atm(-1) at 300 mOsm (assuming this was another possible internal isosmotic value for the entire embryo). When three- and six-somite embryos were placed in 1.5 and 2.0 M cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide and propylene glycol), osmometric measurements of volume changes indicated no cryoprotectant permeation. However, similar measurements with methanol revealed a small volume decrease (ca. 8%) and recovery (ca. 5%) for six-somite embryos in a 2.0 M solution. Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the spatial distribution of three cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene glycol, and methanol) demonstrated that only methanol permeated the entire embryo within 15 min. The other cryoprotectants exhibited little or no permeation into the yolk over 2.5 h. The results from MR spectroscopy and cryoprotectant microinjections into the yolk suggested that the yolk syncytial layer plays the critical limiting role for cryoprotectant permeation throughout the embryo. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, CONSERVAT & RES CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20008 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT BIOMED ENGN, BALTIMORE, MD 20008 USA. INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202 USA. RP Hagedorn, M (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL ZOOL PK, WASHINGTON, DC 20008 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [R29 RR08769, P41 RR059059] NR 71 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD JUN PY 1997 VL 34 IS 4 BP 335 EP 347 DI 10.1006/cryo.1997.2014 PG 13 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA XG844 UT WOS:A1997XG84400004 PM 9200820 ER PT J AU Frith, CB Beehler, BM AF Frith, CB Beehler, BM TI Courtship and mating behaviour of the Twelve-wired Bird of Paradise Seleucidis melanoleuca SO EMU LA English DT Article ID DISPLAYS AB We describe the mating behaviour of the Twelve-wired Bird of Paradise Seleucidis melanoleuca from displays and copulations filmed and observed in the wild. We describe for the first time the Wire-wipe Display, per formed by the adult male to best present his flank plumes and his bare pigmented thighs to the female and to use his unique 12 flank plume 'wires' to brush across the female's face and foreparts. We also highlight advertisement and courtship display postures and pre-copulatory movements that appear homologous to those performed by Paradisaea species in similar contexts. This and other evidence including morphology suggests that Seleucidis may be more closely related to Paradisaea than previously acknowledged. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DIV BIRDS,MRC 116,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Frith, CB (reprint author), PRIONODURA,POB 581,MALANDA,QLD 4885,AUSTRALIA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 16 PU ROYAL AUSTRALASIAN ORNITHOL UN PI MOONEE PONDS PA 21 GLADSTONE ST, MOONEE PONDS VICTORIA 3039, AUSTRALIA SN 0158-4197 J9 EMU JI Emu PD JUN PY 1997 VL 97 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1071/MU97017 PN 2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA XT914 UT WOS:A1997XT91400005 ER PT J AU Merrill, WL AF Merrill, WL TI The new Latin American mission history. SO ETHNOHISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Merrill, WL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Langer, Erick/E-1841-2016 OI Langer, Erick/0000-0002-9739-942X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 0014-1801 J9 ETHNOHISTORY JI Ethnohistory PD SUM PY 1997 VL 44 IS 3 BP 568 EP 569 DI 10.2307/483041 PG 2 WC Anthropology; History SC Anthropology; History GA YL914 UT WOS:000071007500011 ER PT J AU Baliunas, S Frick, P Sokoloff, D Soon, W AF Baliunas, S Frick, P Sokoloff, D Soon, W TI Time scales and trends in the central England temperature data (1659-1990): A wavelet analysis SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATIONS AB We have applied the standard wavelet and the adaptive wavelet transform algorithms to the record of the Central England Temperature (GET) from 1659-1990. Peaks in the CET spectra include 7.5 +/- 1.0 yr, 14.4 +/- 1.0 yr, 23.5 +/- 2.0 yr, as well as a previously unreported variation at 102 +/- 15 yr, Our wavelet analysis of CET agrees with previous results from Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) by Plaut et al. [1995] and gives additional results of variability on longer timescales. The interdecadal and century-scale variability in CET is strongly dependent on the interval of analysis. Estimates of a data trend are also shown to be sensitive to the cutoff timescale of the filter. A cooling of approximate to 0.3 degrees C during 1659-1720 is found relative to the temperatures during the 1800s. The complex time dependence of the actual data cautions against using model-derived representations of natural variability on such long timescales. C1 INST CONTINUOUS MEDIA MECH,PERM 614061,RUSSIA. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,MOSCOW 119899,RUSSIA. RP Baliunas, S (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Frick, Peter/D-2345-2013; OI Frick, Peter/0000-0001-7156-1583 NR 19 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1351 EP 1354 DI 10.1029/97GL01184 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA XD217 UT WOS:A1997XD21700018 ER PT J AU Tong, CYE Blundell, R Bumble, B Stern, JA LeDuc, HG AF Tong, CYE Blundell, R Bumble, B Stern, JA LeDuc, HG TI Distributed quasiparticle mixing in a non-linear transmission line at sub-millimeter wavelengths SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 25-30, 1996 CL PITTSBURGH, PA ID SIS; DESIGN; MIXER AB A new class of distributed mixer based on the non-linear quasiparticle tunnel current in a superconductor-insulator-superconductor transmission line has been proposed and tested. The Nb /Al/AlOx/Nb junctions used in our mixers are typically 200 nm wide and are between 1 and 2 guided wavelengths long. Compared with the traditional submillimeter lumped element quasiparticle mixer, the distributed mixer requires lower critical current densties, lower magnetic field as well as simpler tuning circuitry. Experiments have been performed in various sub-millimeter frequency bands. Receiver noise temperatures of 66 K at 460 GHz, 210 K at 630 GHz and 600 K at 780 GHz have been measured. These noise temperatures are comparable to or slightly better than the noise temperatures of the corresponding lumped element mixers. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,CTR SPACE MICROELECT,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP Tong, CYE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Tong, Edward/0000-0002-7736-4203 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 2 BP 3597 EP 3600 DI 10.1109/77.622181 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA XH867 UT WOS:A1997XH86700324 ER PT J AU Multhauf, RP AF Multhauf, RP TI Water which does not wet hands: The Alchemy of Michael Sendivogius - Szydlo,Z SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review RP Multhauf, RP (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM AMER HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD JUN PY 1997 VL 88 IS 2 BP 342 EP 343 DI 10.1086/383723 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA XY500 UT WOS:A1997XY50000042 ER PT J AU Henson, PM AF Henson, PM TI Brethren of the net: American entomology, 1840-1880 - Sorensen,WC SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Henson, PM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 84 IS 1 BP 238 EP 239 DI 10.2307/2952799 PG 2 WC History SC History GA XE277 UT WOS:A1997XE27700069 ER PT J AU Greenberg, R Gradwohl, J AF Greenberg, R Gradwohl, J TI Territoriality, adult survival, and dispersal in the checker-throated Antwren in Panama SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOREST BIRDS; FLOCKS; PARUS; RATES AB A marked population of Checker-throated Antwrens Myrmotherula fulviventris is was studied on Barro Colorado Island, Panama over a 14-year period. Once established on territories, Checker-throated Antwrens were found to be relatively long-lived both males and females, which survive at least one year, live an average of four years; annual survival of territorial adults was 75%. After the first year, survivorship declined as birds aged; younger birds had a survivorship of 85-90% and order birds survived at an average of 50-76%. Territory boundaries were generally stable throughout the period despite substantial turn-over of individuals. Although territories are a stable and indivisible feature of the habitat, 37% of the marked adults shifted to neighboring territories at least once in their life. The frequency of switching appeared to be independent of sex or age. A large portion (59%) of the fledglings dispersed to within two territories of where they were hatched. Opportunity to improve territory quality appears to be largely limited to short-distance dispersal in both sexes of this species. Limited options for improving territory quality may explain the intense and often lengthy territorial boundary displays which occur on a daily basis. The need to provide defense against the intense competition for limited reproductive slots in the population may also explain the declining survivorship in territorial adults. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,ENVIRONM AWARENESS PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Greenberg, R (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,SMITHSONIAN MIGRATORY BIRD CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 28 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.2307/3677303 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA XJ152 UT WOS:A1997XJ15200002 ER PT J AU Wagner, RH Morton, ES AF Wagner, RH Morton, ES TI Sexual selection for delayed size maturation in a bird exhibiting delayed plumage maturation SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PURPLE MARTINS; PASSERINE BIRDS AB In Purple Martins Progne subis, adult males were found to have significantly longer wings and tails than subadult males, whereas females of both age classes were equal in flight feather length. This male age class difference was not caused by higher mortality of long-winged subadult males because the pattern also existed for the same individuals measured at age one and two years, indicating that males postponed full feather growth for their first breeding year while females did not. Another male age class difference was that adult males were paired to their mates assortatively by wing-length while subadult males were not. This difference suggests either that females paired to subadult males were constrained in their choice of males or they did not prefer to pair with longer-winged males. A possible lack of female preference for longer-winged subadult males is consistent with two apparent costs that females suffered by pairing with subadult males that had longer wings than themselves: (1) The greater the difference in wing-length between subadult males and their mates, the less the male provisioned the brood relative to the female, and (2) in a parallel study, females paired with longer-winged subadult males obtained many fewer extra-pair fertilizations from adult males. These findings suggest that, contrary to previous hypotheses, ''delayed size maturation'' may be primarily sexually selected in some species, rather than naturally selected. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. RP Wagner, RH (reprint author), YORK UNIV,DEPT BIOL,4700 KEELE ST,N YORK,ON M3J 1P3,CANADA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 28 IS 2 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.2307/3677307 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA XJ152 UT WOS:A1997XJ15200006 ER PT J AU Dequeker, J Ortner, DJ Stix, AI Cheng, XG Brys, P Boonen, S AF Dequeker, J Ortner, DJ Stix, AI Cheng, XG Brys, P Boonen, S TI Hip fracture and osteoporosis in a XIIth dynasty female skeleton from Lisht, upper Egypt SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROTIC HYPEROSTOSIS; PROXIMAL FEMUR; BONE LOSS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; NECK; AGE AB Osteoporosis and complications arising from loss of bone mass have been present in human populations for thousands of years. However, reports of this disease in antiquity remain uncommon. The purpose of this report is to describe an important case of osteoporosis in ancient Egypt because of its intrinsic interest and to provide perspectives on factors contributing to this condition today, The case providing the focus for this report is fi om Lisht, Upper Egypt and is dated to the XIIth Dynasty (1990-1786 B.C.), Methods used to characterize the pathology include gross anatomical study, radiology, and radiographic measurements. Observations, measurements, and indices all indicate osteoporosis complicated by fracture of the femoral neck and compression fractures of some vertebrae. The Lisht case adds to a small corpus of reports on osteoporosis and complicating factors of this disease in antiquity, Long-term survival of an extracapsular fracture of the femoral neck in this case is remarkable and may reflect supportive social conditions. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT ANTHROPOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN HOSP,ARTHRIT & METAB BONE DIS RES UNIT,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 12 IS 6 BP 881 EP 888 DI 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.6.881 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XA471 UT WOS:A1997XA47100003 PM 9169345 ER PT J AU Redford, S Blackman, MJ AF Redford, S Blackman, MJ TI Luster and fritware production and distribution in medieval Syria SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The production of glazed fritware (artificial paste bodied) ceramics in medieval Syria is examined in the light of neutron activation analysis of an excavated sample from the site of Gritille. Reevaluation casts doubt on two main commonplaces of Islamic ceramic history: 1) the decorative technique of lustering, used on some of these fritwares, was highly restricted; and 2) the production of such luxury ceramics in the medieval Islamic world in general was centralized We propose that regional ceramic production corresponded to the decentralized system of government then current in Syria and other geographic and demographic factors there. C1 NIST,CAL,INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVAT ANAL FACIL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Redford, S (reprint author), GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH FOREIGN SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20057, USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY PI BOSTON PA BOSTON UNIV 675 COMMONWEALTH AVE, BOSTON, MA 02215 SN 0093-4690 J9 J FIELD ARCHAEOL JI J. Field Archaeol. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 24 IS 2 BP 233 EP 247 DI 10.2307/530474 PG 15 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA XF810 UT WOS:A1997XF81000007 ER PT J AU McShea, WJ Rappole, JH AF McShea, WJ Rappole, JH TI Variable song rates in three species of passerines and implications for estimating bird populations SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY; WARBLER; FOREST; OUTPUT AB Song rate in birds is known to be influenced by the social status and nutritional state of the male. However, studies examining the impact of management practices on the conservation of migratory species often use song rate techniques to census populations. We examined song rates in three species of forest birds in northwestern Virginia, and found that Wood Thrushes and Ovenbirds sang more often in blocks of continuous forest, while Northern Cardinals sang more often in forest patches. Individuals > 50 m from the observer sang more often than closer birds, and individuals in higher density populations sang more often than individuals at low density sites. The spatial variability in song rate was not severe enough to significantly change species-detection rates for 5-min song counts, but did significantly affect our population density estimates for those species. A key assumption of song count censuses, that all individuals of a species sing at comparable rates and thus have an equal probability of being detected, regardless of habitat structure, may not be valid. RP McShea, WJ (reprint author), NATL ZOOL PK,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630, USA. NR 43 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 14 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 68 IS 3 BP 367 EP 375 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA XN790 UT WOS:A1997XN79000006 ER PT J AU Poulin, B Lefebvre, G AF Poulin, B Lefebvre, G TI Estimation of arthropods available to birds: Effect of trapping technique, prey distribution, and bird diet SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAND BIRDS; FOOD; TYRANNIDAE; PREDATION AB Few studies have attempted to measure food available to insectivorous birds. One reason for this is the difficulty of sampling potential prey adequately. In this paper, we present a simple mathematical approach to estimate seasonal availability of arthropods by considering both the differential probability of each taxon being sampled with a trapping technique and being preyed upon by a bird. Because our index is based on the summation of the percent abundance (relative to the whole sampling period) of each arthropod taxon in a sample, abundance of prey taxa collected with different trapping methods or even different food types (e.g., arthropods, seeds, fruits) can easily be combined. These values are further multiplied by the importance of each food taxon in the birds' diet, resulting in a weighted abundance index. Unlike other methods to estimate arthropod availability, this approach is readily applicable to community or long-term studies and offers flexibility in its use. We provide three applications of our index, each one in a different Neotropical habitat (thorn scrub, mangrove woodland, humid forest) where arthropod abundance and bird diet were monitored during a year. Regardless of the habitat type, the trapping technique used, and the bird species considered, our original data on arthropod numbers were importantly and unpredictably modified by our index. Using diet data to weight arthropod abundance had a strong impact on our estimates, suggesting that sampling of arthropods in the bird's foraging microhabitat might not be sufficient to assess food abundance to a particular species. Breeding of resident species as well as abundance pattern of migrant species at our study sites were better related to our weighted abundance index than to numbers of arthropods sampled with any trapping technique, suggesting that this method provides a reliable estimate of food availability. Selection of an appropriate trapping technique, level of prey identification, and biases associated with diet estimation from gut contents are also discussed. RP Poulin, B (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,APARTADO 2072,ANCON,PANAMA. NR 33 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 29 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 68 IS 3 BP 426 EP 442 PG 17 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA XN790 UT WOS:A1997XN79000013 ER PT J AU Graves, GR AF Graves, GR TI Age determination of free-living male black-throated blue warblers during the breeding season SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Male Black-throated Blue Warblers (Dendroica caerulescens) can be aged as yearlings (SY) or older (ASY) during the breeding season using binoculars. Significant differences in wing color of SY and ASY males, as revealed be spectrophotometric analysis of museum specimens, are apparent in free-living birds. Error rates in age determination in five held trials averaged 3.1% for ASY males and 0% for SY males (though sample sizes were small for yearlings). Age data from multiple investigators should not be combined for analysis unless individual error rates can be estimated. The statistical effects of error are especially critical when age ratios are calculated for small samples (n < 25). RP Graves, GR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT VERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 68 IS 3 BP 443 EP 449 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA XN790 UT WOS:A1997XN79000014 ER PT J AU Chance, KV Park, K Evenson, KM Zink, LR Stroh, F Fink, EH Ramsay, DA AF Chance, KV Park, K Evenson, KM Zink, LR Stroh, F Fink, EH Ramsay, DA TI Improved molecular constants for the ground state of HO2 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article C1 UNIV OREGON, DEPT PHYS, EUGENE, OR 97403 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, INST STRATOSPHER CHEM, D-52425 JULICH, GERMANY. BERG UNIV GESAMTHSCH WUPPERTAL, PHYS CHEM FACHBEREICH 9, D-42097 WUPPERTAL, GERMANY. NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA, STEACIE INST MOL SCI, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA. RP Chance, KV (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RI Stroh, Fred/A-6505-2009 OI Stroh, Fred/0000-0002-4492-2977 NR 2 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 183 IS 2 BP 418 EP 418 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1997.7282 PG 1 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA XE286 UT WOS:A1997XE28600025 ER PT J AU Jordan, TE Correll, DL Weller, DE AF Jordan, TE Correll, DL Weller, DE TI Nonpoint source discharges of nutrients from Piedmont watersheds of Chesapeake Bay SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nonpoint source pollution; nutrients; water quality; agriculture; watersheds; Chesapeake Bay ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; RIPARIAN FOREST; LAND-USE; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; GROUNDWATER NITRATE; DRAINAGE BASINS; COASTAL WATERS; ANNUAL CYCLE; DENITRIFICATION AB We measured annual discharges of water, sediments, and nutrients from 10 watersheds with differing proportions of agricultural lands in the Piedmont physiographic province of the Chesapeake Bay drainage. Flow-weighted mean concentrations of total N, nitrate, and dissolved silicate in watershed discharges were correlated with the proportion of cropland in the watershed. In contrast, concentrations of P species did not correlate with cropland. Organic P and C correlated with the concentration of suspended particles, which differed among watersheds. Thus, the ratio of N:P:Si in discharges differed greatly among watersheds, potentially affecting N, P or Si limitation of phytoplankton growth in the receiving waters. Simple regression models of N discharge versus the percentage of cropland suggest that croplands discharge 29-42 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) and other lands discharge 1.2-5.8 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). We estimated net anthropogenic input of N to croplands and other lands using county level data on agriculture and N deposition from the atmosphere. For most of the study watersheds, N discharge amounted to less than half of the net anthropogenic N. RP Jordan, TE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,647 CONTEES WHARF RD,POB 28,EDGEWATER,MD 21037, USA. OI Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437 NR 89 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 3 BP 631 EP 645 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03538.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA XD799 UT WOS:A1997XD79900011 ER PT J AU Florentine, FA AF Florentine, FA TI Application of CIE glare index for daylighting evaluation - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Florentine, FA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ILLUMINAT ENG SOC NORTH AMER PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL ST, 17TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10005-4001 USA SN 0099-4480 J9 J ILLUM ENG SOC JI J. Illum. Eng. Soc. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 26 IS 2 BP 126 EP 126 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA ZC938 UT WOS:000072634100059 ER PT J AU Hutchison, J AF Hutchison, J TI Popular American housing: A reference guide - Brent,R, Schwarz,B SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIANS LA English DT Book Review RP Hutchison, J (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIANS PI CHICAGO PA 1365 NORTH ASTOR ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-2144 SN 0037-9808 J9 J SOC ARCHIT HIST JI J. Soc. Archit. Hist. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 239 EP 241 DI 10.2307/991303 PG 3 WC Architecture SC Architecture GA XR175 UT WOS:A1997XR17500025 ER PT J AU Tell, LA Nichols, DK Fleming, WP Bush, M AF Tell, LA Nichols, DK Fleming, WP Bush, M TI Cryptococcosis in tree shrews (Tupaia tana and Tupaia minor) and elephant shrews (Macroscelides proboscides) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fungus; cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus neoformans; tree shrew; elephant shrew ID MENINGITIS; NEOFORMANS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; FLUCONAZOLE; ANTIGEN; AIDS AB Fungal infections due to Cryptococcus neoformans occurred in seven short-eared elephant shrews (Macroscelides proboscides), six large tree shrews (Tupaia tana), and five lesser tree shrews (Tupaia minor) at the National Zoological Park during a 30-mo period in 1991-1993. Clinical signs were absent or included weight loss, shivering, dyspnea, and/or neurologic disease. Definitive antemortem diagnostic techniques included tracheal lavage and serum cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination titers. Thirteen cases were diagnosed solely by postmortem examination. The source of infection for these animals was uncertain, but C. neoformans is commonly found in soil and other organic material. Two lesser tree shrews and one large tree shrew received antifungal therapy and converted to a negative serum cryptococcal antigen titer. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ANIM HLTH,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20008. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 28 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XT403 UT WOS:A1997XT40300008 PM 9279407 ER PT J AU Ferrell, ST Richman, LK Bush, M Montali, RJ Tell, L AF Ferrell, ST Richman, LK Bush, M Montali, RJ Tell, L TI Clinical challenge SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-TENUIS C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. NATL ZOOL PK,FRONT ROYAL,VA. RP Ferrell, ST (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 28 IS 2 BP 221 EP 223 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XT403 UT WOS:A1997XT40300017 PM 9279416 ER PT J AU Adamkewicz, SL Harasewych, MG Blake, J Saudek, D Bult, CJ AF Adamkewicz, SL Harasewych, MG Blake, J Saudek, D Bult, CJ TI A molecular phylogeny of the bivalve mollusks SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mollusca; Bivalvia; molecular phylogeny; 18S rDNA ID DNA AB A phylogenetic reconstruction based on 506 nucleotides near the 5' end of the 18S subunit of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in 2 gastropod, 3 chiton and 28 bivalve mollusks supported the monophyly and sister, group relationship of the subclasses Heterodonta and Palaeoheterodonta but could not confidently establish either the monophyly or the phylogenetic relationships of the morphologically well defined subclasses Pteriomorphia, Protobranchia, and Anomalodesmata. When both gastropods and chitons were included in the analysis, one or the other invariably emerged within Bivalvia. Some evidence indicates that this apparent polyphyly may be the consequence of unequal rates of evolution and of rapid changes in the protobranch and anomalodesmatan lineages. The taxa usually included in Pteriomorpha emerge as a grade rather than a clade, although in a sequence that differs from morphologically based phylogenies. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DIV MOLLUSKS,ROCKVILLE,MD. INST GEN RES,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP Adamkewicz, SL (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. OI Blake, Judith/0000-0001-8522-334X NR 30 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 14 IS 6 BP 619 EP 629 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XB616 UT WOS:A1997XB61600004 PM 9190063 ER PT J AU Camelbeke, K Strong, MT Goetghebeur, P AF Camelbeke, K Strong, MT Goetghebeur, P TI Scleria amazonica, a new species of Scleria section Scleria (Cyperaceae) from Venezuela SO NOVON LA English DT Article AB Scleria amazonica Camelbeke, Strong & Goetghebeur, from Amazonas, Venezuela, is described and illustrated. It differs from other South American species of Scleria in the presence of unisexual inflorescences. Among species of Scleria from the Venezuelan Guayana region it differs in the following combination of characters: the presence of a conspicuously upward pointing V-shaped ligule of dense hairs and coarsely reticulated achenes. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Camelbeke, K (reprint author), STATE UNIV GHENT,DEPT MORPHOL SYSTEMAT & ECOL,BOT LAB,KL LEDEGANCKSTR 35,B-9000 GHENT,BELGIUM. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 1055-3177 J9 NOVON JI Novon PD SUM PY 1997 VL 7 IS 2 BP 98 EP 101 DI 10.2307/3392178 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XW601 UT WOS:A1997XW60100003 ER PT J AU Janovec, JP Robinson, H AF Janovec, JP Robinson, H TI Charadranaetes, a new genus of the Senecioneae (Asteraceae) from Costa Rica SO NOVON LA English DT Article AB A new genus of the Senecioneae, Asteraceae, from Costa Pica, Charadranaetes, is described based on Senecio durandii Klatt, characterized by an obnoxious odor emitted by crushed parts, elongate linear corolla lobes that are not recurved, and a prominently rounded style apex that bears little or no apical coma. A key to the genera of Senecioneae in Costa Pica is furnished. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Janovec, JP (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT BIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 1055-3177 J9 NOVON JI Novon PD SUM PY 1997 VL 7 IS 2 BP 162 EP 168 DI 10.2307/3392189 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XW601 UT WOS:A1997XW60100014 ER PT J AU Ross, DR Post, JE AF Ross, DR Post, JE TI New data on yukonite SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article DE yukonite; arseniosiderite group; electron microprobe data; powder X-ray diffraction data AB A new occurrence of the poorly characterized mineral, yukonite, (Ca6.44K0.13Mg0.23) (Fe14.68Al0.36)(AsO4)(9)O-15.78. 25.5H(2)O, is described. New powder X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe data are provided for type material from Tagish Lake, Yukon Territory, Canada, and that from the new locality, Saalfield, Thuringen, Germany. New chemical formulae are proposed. The strongest reflections are at 14.1(100), 2.79(60), 3.25(57), 5.58(37), 2.61(20), 1.63(20), and 2.24(11) Angstrom. (C) 1997 International Centre for Diffraction Data. RP Ross, DR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 12 IS 2 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA XG690 UT WOS:A1997XG69000011 ER PT J AU Gradwohl, J AF Gradwohl, J TI UnEarthing the secret life of stuff: Americans and the environment SO PUBLIC HISTORIAN LA English DT Art Exhibit Review RP Gradwohl, J (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0272-3433 J9 PUBL HISTORIAN JI Public Hist. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 19 IS 3 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC History SC History GA XV006 UT WOS:A1997XV00600022 ER PT J AU Schmidt, PR Childs, ST AF Schmidt, PR Childs, ST TI The Brousse Bessemer converters SO RECHERCHE LA French DT Article C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL PK SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Schmidt, PR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ED SCIENTIFIQUES PI PARIS 06 PA 57 RUE DE SEINE, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 0029-5671 J9 RECHERCHE JI Recherche PD JUN PY 1997 IS 299 BP 54 EP 58 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XB972 UT WOS:A1997XB97200020 ER PT J AU Handel, SN Robinson, GR Parsons, WFJ Mattei, JH AF Handel, SN Robinson, GR Parsons, WFJ Mattei, JH TI Restoration of woody plants to capped landfills: Root dynamics in an engineered soil SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TREE AB Closed or abandoned landfills represent significant land areas, often in or near urban centers, that are potential sites for ecological restoration of native woodlands. But current guidelines in many jurisdictions do not allow for the installation of trees or shrubs above landfill clay caps, although these plants have many environmental, functional, and aesthetic advantages, including a rapid start to community succession. Typical closure procedures for capped landfills include only a grass cover to control moisture infiltration and impede soil erosion. The main concern that limits the application of a woody cover to a closed landfill is that roots may penetrate and weaken the clay cap. As part of a comprehensive experimental program on woodland restoration, we installed 22 tree and shrub species on Staten Island, New York (the Fresh Kills Sanitary Landfill). We found no evidence that roots of the transplanted woody plants penetrate caps used on these landfills. Root growth requirements and dynamics stop penetration of these materials. Anoxic and acidic conditions were found in the sandy subsoil above the cap, as indicated by corrosion patterns on steel test rods. Also, the intensity of mycorrhizal infection on the experimental plants was high in the surface soil and decreased progressively with increasing soil depth. The potential vertical rooting depth during this time period was greater than that occurring over the clay cap. This was shown from data collected on a nearby control site, where seven of the species were installed on an engineered soil lacking a clay barrier layer, and roots of all seven species penetrated deeper than on the landfill. The engineered landfill soils are poor growth media for roots, and below ground constraints that limit restoration on these sites must be addressed. C1 SUNY ALBANY,DEPT BIOL SCI,ALBANY,NY 12222. SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. SACRED HEART UNIV,FAC SCI MATH & COMP SCI,FAIRFIELD,CT 06432. RP Handel, SN (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT ECOL EVOLUT & NAT RESOURCES,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 5 IS 2 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.09721.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XJ310 UT WOS:A1997XJ31000010 ER PT J AU Stockwell, SA AF Stockwell, SA TI Repply to Montoya and Lourenco: On the scorpion name Chactas bonito Lourenco, 1996:177 (nomen nudun) SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article RP Stockwell, SA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WALTER REED BIOSYSTEMAT UNIT,MUSEUM SUPPORT CTR,MRC-534,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 939 EP 939 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA XH634 UT WOS:A1997XH63400026 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI History of physical anthropology: An encyclopedia. SO RQ LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LIBRARY ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 50 E HURON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0033-7072 J9 RQ JI RQ PD SUM PY 1997 VL 36 IS 4 BP 603 EP 604 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA ZG056 UT WOS:000072961200029 ER PT J AU Ward, D AF Ward, D TI American expatriate writing and the Paris Moment: Modernism and place - Pizer,D SO SEWANEE REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP Ward, D (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV SOUTH PI SEWANEE PA SEWANEE REVIEW, SEWANEE, TN 37375 SN 0037-3052 J9 SEWANEE REV JI Sewanee Rev. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 105 IS 3 BP 423 EP 427 PG 5 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA XZ881 UT WOS:A1997XZ88100042 ER PT J AU Ward, D AF Ward, D TI Modern lives: A cultural re-reading of The ''Lost-Generation'' - Dolan,M SO SEWANEE REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP Ward, D (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV SOUTH PI SEWANEE PA SEWANEE REVIEW, SEWANEE, TN 37375 SN 0037-3052 J9 SEWANEE REV JI Sewanee Rev. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 105 IS 3 BP 423 EP 427 PG 5 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA XZ881 UT WOS:A1997XZ88100041 ER PT J AU Zotz, G Tyree, MT Patino, S AF Zotz, G Tyree, MT Patino, S TI Hydraulic architecture and water relations of a flood-tolerant tropical tree, Annona glabra SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flooding; Huber value; hydraulic conductivity; leaf specific conductivity; vulnerability curve ID WOODY-PLANTS; VULNERABILITY; RESISTANCE; XYLEM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CONDUCTIVITY; EMBOLISM; LEAVES AB Hydraulic architecture parameters, water relation parameters and wood anatomy were studied in roots and shoots of the flood-tolerant tree Annona glabra L. on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Hydraulic conductivity, leaf specific conductivity, and Huber value were similar to the corresponding values for tree species living in non-flooded habitats. The vulnerability of stems to loss of hydraulic conductivity resulting from embolism was low (50% loss of conductivity at -3.3 MPa). The lowest leaf water potential measured in the field was about - 1.0 MPa, indicating that A, glabra has a large margin of safety from embolism, which may provide protection against rare drought events, or may be an adaptation to brackish mangrove habitats. Low absolute conductivity of roots was compensated for by an increase in the number of roots. More than two-thirds of whole-plant resistance to water now was located in the roots. C1 US FOREST SERV,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. UNIV VERMONT,DEPT BOT,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 17 IS 6 BP 359 EP 365 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XC799 UT WOS:A1997XC79900002 ER PT J AU Roper, CFE Vecchione, M AF Roper, C. F. E. Vecchione, M. TI IN SITU OBSERVATIONS TEST HYPOTHESES OF FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY IN MASTIGOTEUTHIS (CEPHALOPODA, OEGOPSIDA) SO VIE ET MILIEU-LIFE AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CEPHALOPODS; SQUID; SUBMERSIBLE; DEEP SEA; BEHAVIOR; FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY AB Mastigoteuthis magna observed in situ has a characteristic "tuning fork" posture that can be used as an aid for identification, even for very small squids. Observations of living Mastigoteuthis from submersibles in the western Atlantic Ocean enabled us to test formerly proposed hypotheses concerning functional morphology of these deep sea squids. Hypotheses supported by observations on live animals include : 1) The large fins provide propulsion; simple and double sinusoidal waves move anteriorly or posteriorly, fins flap powerfully, fins roll together ventrally to squeeze water out anteriorly or posteriorly. 2) Tentacular suckers have weak release mechanism; tentacular clubs on live animals feel very sticky, like fly paper, and must be firmly pulled off observer's skin and aquarium wall. 3) Tentacular suckers have sensory function; tentacular tips skim along bottom to allow animal to maintain position in food-rich benthic boundary layer. Observations do not support these hypotheses : 1) Vacuolated arms and head induce head-upwards posture; observations confirm a head-downwards posture maintained by constantly maneuvering fins. 2) Ventral arms lock together to form "gutter" for feeding; live animals hold long ventral arms far apart with proximal part of tentacles enveloped in tentacular sheaths, allowing them to serve as non-tangling trolling lines fishing for minute prey. 3) Well developed eyes and ink sac indicate photic zone habitat; all observations of Mastigoteuthis from submersibles are close to the bottom below 500 m, never in photic zone. We suggest Mastigoteuthis evolved from a Chiroteuthis-like ancestor; its adaptive characters enable it to inhabit the unique trophic zone immediately above the deep sea bottom, feeding on small zooplankters with trolled, non-tangling tentacles. C1 [Roper, C. F. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Vecchione, M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Roper, CFE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU OBSERVATOIRE OCEANOLOGIQUE BANYULS PI BANYULS-SUR-MER CEDEX PA LABORATOIRE ARAGO, BP 44, 66651 BANYULS-SUR-MER CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0240-8759 J9 VIE MILIEU JI Vie Milieu PD JUN PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V22EH UT WOS:000208258000002 ER PT J AU McShea, WJ Rappole, JH AF McShea, WJ Rappole, JH TI The science and politics of managing deer within a protected area SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Urban Deer Symposium - Urban Deer: A Manageable Resource, at the 55th Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference CY DEC 12-14, 1993 CL ST LOUIS, MO DE animal welfare; deer management; Odocoileus virginianus; protected areas; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER RP McShea, WJ (reprint author), NATL ZOOL PK,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630, USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 25 IS 2 BP 443 EP 446 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA XU741 UT WOS:A1997XU74100039 ER PT J AU Brower, AVZ Chavarria, G Judd, DD AF Brower, AVZ Chavarria, G Judd, DD TI Phylogenetic analysis SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP Brower, AVZ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT ENTOMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Brower, Andrew/A-1341-2011 OI Brower, Andrew/0000-0001-6874-3589 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 30 PY 1997 VL 276 IS 5317 BP 1318 EP 1318 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XB533 UT WOS:A1997XB53300004 PM 9190670 ER PT J AU Mooi, RD Johnson, GD AF Mooi, RD Johnson, GD TI Dismantling the trachinoidei: Evidence of a scorpaenoid relationship for the Champsodontidae SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Champsodontidae; phylogeny; Scorpaenoidei; Trachinoidei ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; PERCOMORPH PHYLOGENY; PERCIFORMES; TELEOSTEI; FISHES; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; GOBIOIDEI; PISCES AB An examination of the osteology and myology of the Champsodontidae reveals a number of apomorphic features (e.g., double-headed palatine, large pelvic radial, epaxial muscle inserting on the medial pelvic-fin ray, posterior levator internus inserting on the third epibranchial). The evidence for a Champsodontidae/Chiasmodontidae relationship is examined through a re-evaluation of the basal characters used to define the suborder Trachinoidei. The Champsodontidae are removed from the Trachinoidei and a chiasmodontid sister relationship is rejected. After investigation of several possible alternative relationships (Paracanthopterygii, Gobioidei, Callionymoidei, Kurtoidei, Apogonidae, Blennioidei, Trichodontidae), champsodontids are hypothesized to be members of the perciform suborder Scorpaenoidei. This hypothesis is based largely on the synapomorphy of a parietal spine with an opening for passage of the supratemporal sensory canal, a unique condition of champsodontids and some scorpaenoids. A shared Type 1 epaxial muscle morphology, with separate fibre insertions on the distal tips of the spine-bearing dorsal-fin pterygiophores, is unusual and probably derived among perciforms. Champsodontids also share with some scorpaenoids Type 5 spinoid scales and the origin of Baudelot's ligament from the first vertebra rather than the basi-occipital, although neither of these features is unique to these taxa. The occurrence of an enclosed sensory canal on the parietals of Trichodontidae suggest that their relationships might also lie with the Scorpaenoidei. Arguments pertaining to the removal of champsodontids from the trachinoids apply equally to the hypothesized membership of the Cheimarrichthyidae, Pinguipedidae, Percophididae, Trichonotidae, Creediidae, Chiasmodontidae, and notothenioids in the Trachinoidei. Inclusion of these taxa within the Trachinoidei is not well-supported, and their relationships require further investigation. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RP Mooi, RD (reprint author), MILWAUKEE PUBL MUSEUM, 800 W WELLS ST, MILWAUKEE, WI 53233 USA. NR 61 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD MAY 26 PY 1997 VL 44 IS 2 BP 143 EP 176 DI 10.1007/BF02678694 PG 34 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA XG985 UT WOS:A1997XG98500007 ER PT J AU Vidal, G AF Vidal, G TI Through a vote, darkly SO NATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Vidal, G (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATION CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0027-8378 J9 NATION JI Nation PD MAY 26 PY 1997 VL 264 IS 20 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA WZ095 UT WOS:A1997WZ09500009 ER PT J AU Watters, TR Robinson, MS AF Watters, TR Robinson, MS TI Radar and photoclinometric studies of wrinkle ridges on Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID TOPOGRAPHY; ORIGIN; SERENITATIS; WASHINGTON; EVOLUTION; PLATEAU; REGION; ALBEDO; PLAINS AB Earth-based radar altimetry and image derived photoclinometric profiles were analyzed to examine both the long- and short-wavelength topography associated with wrinkle ridges on Mars. Photoclinometrically derived elevation data across wrinkle ridges were evaluated to determine the sensitivity of profiles to two empirical photoclinometric parameters, the horizontal digital number (HDN) and the scattered light value (SLV). The photoclinometric profiles are extremely sensitive to small variations in HDN. The sense of slope of a profile can be completely reversed over a range in HDN of as little as +/-1. Comparably small variations in the SLV have relatively minor effects on the photoclinometrically derived elevations. The existence of elevation offsets from one side of the ridge to the other, reported in previous photoclinometric studies of martian wrinkles, were not confirmed through photoclinometry. In addition, no evidence of elevation offsets were found in Earth-based radar altimetry profiles across wrinkle ridges. In order to more accurately model wrinkle ridge topography, we controlled photoclinometrically derived elevations with long-wavelength topography obtained from the radar altimetry. The results of this study do not support kinematic models for the origin of planetary wrinkle ridges that involve deeply rooted thrust faults which separate crustal blocks at different elevations. A kinematic model involving buckling of shallow crustal layers into concentric folds that close, leading to the development of thrust faults, is consistent with wrinkle ridge morphology and terrestrial analogs. Recent geophysical studies of terrestrial analogs and the influence of shallow subsurface structures, particularly buried craters, on the localization of many wrinkle ridges on Mars suggest that thrust faults associated with the ridges are confined to the ridged plains material and do not extend into the lithosphere. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP Watters, TR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,CTR EARTH & PLANETARY STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAY 25 PY 1997 VL 102 IS E5 BP 10889 EP 10903 DI 10.1029/97JE00411 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XB640 UT WOS:A1997XB64000003 ER PT J AU Carioli, M Heller, EJ Moller, KB AF Carioli, M Heller, EJ Moller, KB TI Intrinsic resonance representation of quantum mechanics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEMI-CLASSICAL QUANTIZATION; HAMILTON-JACOBI EQUATION; GUSTAVSON NORMAL-FORM; INVARIANT TORI; SEMICLASSICAL QUANTIZATION; PERTURBATION-THEORY; ENERGY-LEVELS; ALGEBRAIC QUANTIZATION; APPROXIMATE CONSTANTS; NONSEPARABLE SYSTEMS AB The choice of basis states in quantum calculations can be influenced by several requirements, and sometimes a very natural basis suggests itself. However often one retreats to a ''merely complete'' basis, whose coefficients in the eigenstates carry Little physical insight. We suggest here an optimal representation, based purely on classical mechanics. ''Hidden'' constants of the motion and good actions already known to the classical mechanics are thus incorporated into the basis, leaving the quantum effects to be isolated and included by small matrix diagonalizations. This simplifies the hierarchical structure of couplings between ''zero-order'' states. We present a (non-perturbative) method to obtain such a basis-state as solutions to a certain resonant Hamilton-Jacobi equation. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. TECH UNIV DENMARK,DEPT CHEM,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK. RP Carioli, M (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Moller, Klaus Braagaard/B-7647-2014 OI Moller, Klaus Braagaard/0000-0002-9797-7437 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 22 PY 1997 VL 106 IS 20 BP 8564 EP 8571 DI 10.1063/1.473911 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XA041 UT WOS:A1997XA04100026 ER PT J AU Cook, JM Compton, SG Herre, EA West, SA AF Cook, JM Compton, SG Herre, EA West, SA TI Alternative mating tactics and extreme male dimorphism in fig wasps SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; XIPHOPHORUS-NIGRENSIS; GENETIC-POLYMORPHISM; SEXUAL SELECTION; NEW-WORLD; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; SWORDTAIL; BEHAVIOR; RATIOS AB The dimorphisms in morphology and behaviour of male fig wasps are among the most extreme in the animal kingdom, and offer excellent opportunities to test the predictions of certain sexual selection models. Winged males resemble their conspecific females closely, but wingless males are so divergent in form that they have repeatedly been classified into different taxa. Wingless males mate within their natal fig fruits, whereas winged males disperse to mate. Individual species may have winged males, wingless males or both morphs. A key hypothesis proposes that sexual selection on male mating opportunities favours winged males in species with small broods and wingless males in species with large broods. Using data from 114 species in 33 genera, we show that both simple and formal comparative analyses support the correlated evolution of large brood size and male winglessness. Theoretical models further predict that, in male dimorphic species, the proportion of winged males should equal (in cases without local mate competition) or exceed (in cases with local mate competition) the proportion of females developing in fig fruits without wingless males. These predictions are met by eight out of nine male dimorphic species studied. Taken together, the patterns across all species, and between different male dimorphic species, strongly support sexual selection on mating opportunities as the major determinant of male morph ratios in fig wasps. C1 UNIV LEEDS, DEPT PURE & APPL BIOL, LEEDS LS2 9JT, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST, BALBOA, PANAMA. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED, DEPT BIOL, SILWOOD PK, ASCOT SL5 7PY, BERKS, ENGLAND. RI Cook, James/D-6423-2011; West, Stuart/M-3608-2014 OI Cook, James/0000-0001-8447-6126; West, Stuart/0000-0003-2152-3153 NR 56 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 22 PY 1997 VL 264 IS 1382 BP 747 EP 754 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA XC412 UT WOS:A1997XC41200019 ER PT J AU Mattox, JR Schachter, J Molnar, L Hartman, RC Patnaik, AR AF Mattox, JR Schachter, J Molnar, L Hartman, RC Patnaik, AR TI The identification of EGRET sources with flat-spectrum radio sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, active; gamma rays, observations; quasars, general ID ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS; EMISSION; RADIATION; CATALOG; GHZ; MHZ AB We present a method to assess the reliability of the identification of EGRET sources with extragalactic radio sources. We verify that EGRET is detecting the blazar class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). However, many published identifications are found to be questionable. We provide a table of 42 blazars that we expect to be robust identifications of EGRET sources. This includes one previously unidentified EGRET source, the lensed AGN PKS 1830-210, near the direction of the Galactic center. We provide the best available positions for 16 more radio sources that are also potential identifications for previously unidentified EGRET sources. All high Galactic latitude EGRET sources (\ b \ > 3 degrees) that demonstrate significant variability can be identified with flat-spectrum radio sources. This suggests that EGRET is not detecting any type of AGN other than blazars. This identification method has been used to establish with 99.998% confidence that the peak gamma-ray flux of a blazar is correlated with its average 5 GHz radio flux. An even better correlation is seen between gamma-ray flux and the 2.29 GHz flux density measured with VLBI at the base of the radio jet. Also, using high-confidence identifications, we find that the radio sources identified with EGRET sources have greater correlated VLBI flux densities than the parent population of flat radio spectrum sources. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV IOWA, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. MAX PLANCK INST RADIOASTRON, D-53121 BONN, GERMANY. RP Mattox, JR (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV, DEPT ASTRON, 725 COMMONWEALTH AVE, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. NR 69 TC 158 Z9 160 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 1 BP 95 EP 115 DI 10.1086/304039 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XA544 UT WOS:A1997XA54400006 ER PT J AU Pildis, RA Schombert, JM Eder, JA AF Pildis, RA Schombert, JM Eder, JA TI Gas-rich dwarf galaxies from the Second Palomar Sky Survey .2. Optical properties SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, fundamental parameters; galaxies, general; galaxies, ISM; galaxies, photometry; galaxies, stellar content; surveys ID GALACTIC GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; STAR-FORMATION; DARK MATTER; EVOLUTION; REDSHIFT; COLORS; MODEL AB We describe the optical properties of a sample of 101 gas-rich field dwarf galaxies found on Second Palomar Sky Survey plates, most newly discovered as part of a survey to investigate the clustering properties of dwarf galaxies relative to giants. These galaxies have low surface brightnesses and are relatively distant, with recession velocities ranging up to 10(4) km s(-1). They have bluer V-I colors (median value of 0.75) than either actively star-forming giant galaxies or low-metallicity globular clusters, implying that these dwarfs have both low metallicities and little past star formation. These galaxies are also extremely gas-rich, with a median H I mass-to-V luminosity ratio of approximately 2 in solar units. We divide the sample into two groups: true dwarfs with diameters (at 25 I mag arcsec(-2)) less than 7.5 kpc and Magellanic dwarfs with diameters greater than that value. The true dwarfs have greater H I mass-to-V luminosity ratios and slightly bluer V-I colors than the Magellanic dwarfs. Overall, the optical properties of our sample of dwarf galaxies point toward their being quiescent objects that have undergone little star formation over the age of the universe. They are not faded objects but instead may be going through one of their first periods of weak star formation. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ASTRON,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV OREGON,DEPT PHYS,EUGENE,OR 97403. NATL ASTRON & IONOSPHERE CTR,ARECIBO OBSERV,ARECIBO,PR 00613. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 1 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1086/304040 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XA544 UT WOS:A1997XA54400010 ER PT J AU Hunter, SD Bertsch, DL Catelli, JR Dame, TM Digel, SW Dingus, BL Esposito, JA Fichtel, CE Hartman, RC Kanbach, G Kniffen, DA Lin, YC MayerHasselwander, HA Michelson, PF vonMontigny, C Mukherjee, R Nolan, PL Schneid, E Sreekumar, P Thaddeus, P Thompson, DJ AF Hunter, SD Bertsch, DL Catelli, JR Dame, TM Digel, SW Dingus, BL Esposito, JA Fichtel, CE Hartman, RC Kanbach, G Kniffen, DA Lin, YC MayerHasselwander, HA Michelson, PF vonMontigny, C Mukherjee, R Nolan, PL Schneid, E Sreekumar, P Thaddeus, P Thompson, DJ TI EGRET observations of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic plane SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmic rays; diffuse radiation; Galaxy, structure; gamma rays, observations ID NEUTRAL HYDROGEN SURVEY; LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; SOUTHERN MILKY-WAY; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION; COSMIC-RAY; OUTER GALAXY; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; SOLAR CIRCLE; CO SURVEY; INTERSTELLAR GAS AB The high-energy diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic plane, \ b \ less than or equal to 10 degrees, is studied using observations from the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) on the Compton GammaRay Observatory. The spatial distribution of the diffuse emission has been determined for four broad energy ranges after removing the contribution from point sources detected with greater than 5 sigma significance. The longitude and latitude distributions of the intensity, averaged over 4 degrees latitude ranges and 10 degrees longitude ranges, respectively, are shown for the four energy ranges. Spectra of the diffuse emission in 11 energy bands, covering the energy range 30 MeV to 30 GeV, were determined for 10 degrees x 4 degrees (l x b) bins after correcting for the finite EGRET angular resolution. The average spectrum from the direction of the inner Galaxy is shown for 29 energy bands, covering the energy range 30 MeV to 50 GeV. At latitudes \ b \ > 2 degrees, corresponding to gamma rays emitted within about 3 kpc of the Sun, there is no significant variation in the spectra with Galactic longitude. Comparison of the spectra from the Galactic plane (\ b \ < 2 degrees) reveals no significant variation with Galactic longitude below about 4 GeV, which suggests that the cosmic-ray electron to proton ratio does not vary significantly throughout the Galaxy. Above 4 GeV, however, there is weak (about 3 sigma) evidence for variation of the Galactic plane (\ b \ < 2 degrees) spectrum with longitude. The spectrum is softer in the direction of the outer Galaxy by about E-gamma(-0.4+/-0.1) compared to the spectrum from the inner Galaxy. This variation of the diffuse gamma-ray emission hints at a variation of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum with Galactic radius, which might be expected if cosmic rays are accelerated primarily in the inner Galaxy and then propagate to the outer Galaxy or if the high-energy cosmic rays are confined less well in the outer Galaxy. The spatial and spectral distributions of the diffuse emission are compared with a model calculation of this emission based on dynamic balance and realistic interstellar matter and photon distributions. The spatial comparison is used to establish the value of the molecular mass calibrating ratio N(H-2)/W-CO and the cosmic-ray/matter coupling scale r(0), which are the only adjustable parameters of the model. Comparisons with the observations indicates N(H-2)/W-CO = (1.56 +/- 0.05) x 10(20) mol cm(-2) (K km s(-1))(-1) and r(0) = (1.76 +/- 0.2) kpc. The spatial agreement between this model is about 60% less than the observed intensity. Although the explanation of this excess is unclear, uncertainties in the neutral pion production function or variations in the cosmic-ray spectrum with Galactic radius may partially account for the underprediction. A small medium-latitude (2 degrees < \ b \ < 10 degrees) excess in the direction of the inner Galaxy exists and may indicate that the low-energy photon density used in the model is too low. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, HUGHES STX, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. HAMPDEN SYDNEY COLL, HAMPDEN SYDNEY, VA 23943 USA. STANFORD UNIV, HANSEN EXPT PHYS LAB, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. NASA, NRC RES ASSOC, WASHINGTON, DC 20546 USA. NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP, BETHPAGE, NY 11714 USA. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. RP Hunter, SD (reprint author), NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, CODE 661, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RI Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Hunter, Stanley/D-2942-2012; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450 NR 109 TC 617 Z9 625 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 1 BP 205 EP 240 DI 10.1086/304012 PN 1 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XA544 UT WOS:A1997XA54400016 ER PT J AU Dull, JD Cohn, HN Lugger, PM Murphy, BW Seitzer, PO Callanan, PJ Rutten, RGM Charles, PA AF Dull, JD Cohn, HN Lugger, PM Murphy, BW Seitzer, PO Callanan, PJ Rutten, RGM Charles, PA TI The dynamics of M15: Observations of the velocity dispersion profile and Fokker-Planck models SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE globular clusters, individual (M15); stars, kinematics; techniques, radial velocities ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTER M15; POST-CORE-COLLAPSE; REALISTIC MODELS; COLOR GRADIENT; CCD PHOTOMETRY; MASS-SPECTRUM; BINARY STARS; EVOLUTION; NGC-6624; PULSARS AB We report a new measurement of the velocity dispersion profile within 1' (3 pc) of the center of the globular cluster M15 (NGC 7078), using long-slit spectra from the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope at La Palma Observatory. We obtained spatially resolved spectra for a total of 23 slit positions during two observing runs. During each run, a set of parallel slit positions was used to map out the central region of the cluster; the position angle used during the second run was orthogonal to that used for the first. The spectra are centered in wavelength near the Ca II infrared triplet at 8650 Angstrom, with a spectral range of about 450 Angstrom. We determined radial velocities by cross-correlation techniques for 131 cluster members. A total of 32 stars were observed more than once. Internal and external comparisons indicate a velocity accuracy of about 4 km s(-1). The velocity dispersion profile rises from about sigma = 7.2 +/- 1.4 km s(-1) near 1' from the center of the cluster to sigma = 13.9 +/- 1.8 km s(-1) at 20 ''. Inside of 20 '', the dispersion remains approximately constant at about 10.2 +/- 1.4 km s(-1) with no evidence for a sharp rise near the center. This last result stands in contrast with that of Peterson, Seltzer, & Cudworth who found a central velocity dispersion of 25 +/- 7 km s(-1), based on a line-broadening measurement. Our velocity dispersion profile is in good agreement with those determined in the recent studies of Gebhardt et al. and Dubath & Meylan. We have developed a new set of Fokker-Planck models and have fitted these to the surface brightness and velocity dispersion profiles of M15. We also use the two measured millisecond pulsar accelerations as constraints. The best-fitting model has a mass function slope of x = 0.9 (where 1.35 is the slope of the Salpeter mass function) and a total mass of 4.9 x 10(5) M.. This model contains approximately 10(4) neutron stars (3% of the total mass), the majority of which lie within 6 '' (0.2 pc) of the cluster center. Since the velocity dispersion profile of M15 is well fitted by this postcollapse model in which the most massive objects are neutron stars, there appears to be no need to invoke the presence of a massive central black hole in M15. C1 BUTLER UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46208. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ASTRON,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. ISAAC NEWTON GRP,SANTA CRUZ PALMA 38780,CANARY ISL,SPAIN. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT ASTROPHYS,OXFORD OX1 3RH,ENGLAND. RP Dull, JD (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,SWAIN W 319,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405, USA. NR 60 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 1 BP 267 EP 281 DI 10.1086/304016 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XA544 UT WOS:A1997XA54400020 ER PT J AU Yan, M Dalgarno, A AF Yan, M Dalgarno, A TI The molecular cloud near the hard x-ray source 1E 1740.7-2942 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, clouds; ISM, molecules; molecular processes; radiative transfer; X-rays, stars ID GALACTIC-CENTER REGION; MEV LINE EMISSION; 511 KEV LINE; INTERSTELLAR-MOLECULES; SOURCE 1E1740.7-2942; HCO+; 1E-1740.7-2942; GRS-1758-258; OUTFLOW; STATE AB We carry out calculations of the influence of the hard X-ray source 1E 1740.7-2942 on the dense molecular cloud in which it may be embedded. From the thermal, chemical, and ionization structure, we obtain the spatial distribution of the HCO+ 1-0 emission line. It matches the interferometric observations of the line well and supports the view of Phillips & Lazio that the source lies within the cloud near to its eastern edge. The intensity profiles of the 3-2 and 4-3 transitions of HCO+ are given. Their observation would provide further information on the location of the source. The abundances and spatial distribution of other molecular species are predicted. RP Yan, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 1 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1086/304034 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XA544 UT WOS:A1997XA54400022 ER PT J AU DeLuca, EE Fan, YH Saar, SH AF DeLuca, EE Fan, YH Saar, SH TI The emergence of magnetic flux loops in sunlike stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; stars, activity; stars, magnetic fields; stars, rotation ID SOLAR CONVECTION ZONE; RS-CVN; ACTIVE REGIONS; TIME-EVOLUTION; TUBES; SURFACE; INSTABILITY; FIELD; PHOTOMETRY; DYNAMICS AB We explore the latitude of emergence of flux tubes at the surface of G stars as a function of the rotation rate, magnetic flux, and injection latitude at the bottom of the convective zone. Our analysis is based on a thin flux tube evolution code that has been developed to study the emergence of magnetic flux in the Sun and is well calibrated by detailed comparisons with solar observations. We study solar models with rotation rates between 1/3 and 10 times solar, injection latitudes phi(I), between 1 degrees and 40 degrees, and tubes with a range of held strengths, B-O, and fluxes. For our range of input parameters, we find that the mean latitude of emergence, [phi(E)], increases and its range decreases with higher rotation rates, that phi(E) less than or equal to 45 degrees for stars with rotational periods greater than or equal to 27 days, that phi(E) increases with B, in rapid rotators, while the reverse is true for slow rotators, that the dependence of phi(E), on B-O decreases with increasing phi(I), that tubes with higher flux emerge at larger phi(E), and that the footpoint separation depends linearly on B-O. We compare our results to other calculations and with observations of magnetic features on stars and suggest future observations and extensions of this research. Our results suggest that for near-polar starspots to occur, either active stars must have a larger range of phi(I) than inferred for the Sun, or differential rotation and meridional flows are more important for magnetic flux redistribution in these stars. Our models also imply that flux appearing near the equator of active stars may be generated by a distributed, rather than a boundary layer, dynamo. C1 UNIV COLORADO, JILA, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP DeLuca, EE (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST MS 58, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RI DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013 OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895 NR 70 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 1 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1086/304038 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XA544 UT WOS:A1997XA54400029 ER PT J AU Greenhill, LJ Moran, JM Herrnstein, JR AF Greenhill, LJ Moran, JM Herrnstein, JR TI The distribution of H2O Maser emission in the nucleus of NGC 4945 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, individual (NGC 4945); galaxies, kinematics and dynamics; galaxies, nuclei; masers ID GALAXY NGC-4945; TELESCOPE AB We present the first interferometer map of the H2O maser emission in the active nucleus of NGC 4945, which exhibits both starburst and Seyfert qualities. Although the declination of the galaxy is -49 degrees, we were able to make the observations with the southernmost antennas of the Very Long Baseline Array. Strong maser emission is present in three velocity ranges, one near the systemic velocity and two shifted roughly symmetrically by +/-(100-150) km s(-1). This is the first detection of highly blueshifted water emission in NGC 4945. We also report a marginal detection of previously unreported redshifted emission at a velocity of about +200 km s(-1) with respect to the systemic velocity. From fringe rate analysis we determined the position of the maser to be alpha(1950) = 13(h)02(m)32(s).28 +/- 0(s).02; delta(1950) = -49 degrees 12'01.'' 9 + 0.'' 1. The uncertainties in earlier estimates are at least several arcseconds. The maser lies within 2 '' (36 pc at a distance of 3.7 Mpc) of the peaks in 1.4 GHz continuum and 1.6 mu m emission from the nucleus. The mappable maser emission is distributed roughly linearly over approximate to 40 milliarcseconds (0.7 pc) at a position angle of approximate to 45 degrees, which is close to the 43 degrees + degrees position angle of the galactic disk. The red- and blueshifted emission symmetrically straddle the systemic emission on the sky, which suggests material in edge-on circular motion around a central object. The position-velocity structure indicates a binding mass of similar to 1 x 10(6) M. within a volume of radius approximate to 0.3 pc, which in combination with estimates of the AGN luminosity, implies that the central engine radiates on the order of 10% of its Eddington luminosity. RP Greenhill, LJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 18 TC 139 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 1 BP L23 EP L26 DI 10.1086/310643 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XA546 UT WOS:A1997XA54600006 ER PT J AU Woo, R Habbal, SR AF Woo, R Habbal, SR TI Extension of coronal structure into interplanetary space SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR; FLOW; HOLE AB We investigate the extension and evolution of the solar corona into interplanetary space by comparing 1995 Ulysses radio occultation measurements of path-integrated electron density and density fluctuations measured between 21 and 32 R-0, with simultaneous white-light measurements made by the HAO Mauna Loa K-coronameter below 2.5 R-0. The surprising picture of the extended corona to emerge from this comparison is one in which stalks of streamers, occupying a small fraction of volume in interplanetary space, are superimposed on a background corona distinguished by a plethora of raylike structures, often referred to as plumes in polar coronal holes. The radial preservation of the boundary between polar coronal holes and the base of streamers implies that the solar wind from polar coronal holes expands radially rather than undergoing any significant divergence as previously thought. Combining this picture of the extended corona with in situ velocity measurements made by Ulysses throughout its two polar passages, we conclude that the raylike structures, except for the stalks of streamers, seem to be the source of the fast wind. The existence of the fast wind at low latitudes can be attributed to these raylike structures, rather than the expansion of the boundaries of polar coronal holes to low latitudes. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02178. RP Woo, R (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,MS 238-725,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 18 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1159 EP 1162 DI 10.1029/97GL01156 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA WZ425 UT WOS:A1997WZ42500001 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI The myth of Santa Fe: The creation of a modern regional tradition - Wilson,C SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 15 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 9 BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA WZ160 UT WOS:A1997WZ16000063 ER PT J AU Riley, S AF Riley, S TI Flanders point - Gordon,J SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Riley, S (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 15 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 9 BP 101 EP 101 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA WZ160 UT WOS:A1997WZ16000208 ER PT J AU Field, GB Bahcall, JN AF Field, GB Bahcall, JN TI Lyman Spitzer Jr (1914-97) - Obituary SO NATURE LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 INST ADV STUDY,SCH NAT SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08540. RP Field, GB (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 15 PY 1997 VL 387 IS 6630 BP 244 EP 244 DI 10.1038/387244a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WZ167 UT WOS:A1997WZ16700033 ER PT J AU Sornborger, A Carroll, SM Pyne, T AF Sornborger, A Carroll, SM Pyne, T TI Collapse of exotic textures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COSMIC STRUCTURE FORMATION; GLOBAL TEXTURE; MICROWAVE ANISOTROPIES; COSMOLOGY; DYNAMICS; SYMMETRY; ORIGIN AB The ordering of scalar fields after a phase transition in which a group G of global symmetries is spontaneously broken to a subgroup H provides a possible explanation for the origin of structure in the Universe, as well as leading to observable effects in condensed-matter systems. The field dynamics can depend, in principle, on the geometry and topology of the vacuum manifold G/H; for example, texture configurations which collapse and unwind will exist if the third homotopy group pi(3)(G/H) is nontrivial. We numerically simulate the evolution of texture like configurations in a number of different models, in order to determine the extent to which the geometry and topology of the vacuum manifold influence the field evolution. We find that the dynamics is affected by whether or not the theory supports strings or monopoles [characterized by pi(1)(G/H) and pi(2)(G/H), respectively]. In some of the theories studied, configurations with initially spherically symmetric energy densities are unstable to nonspherical collapse; these theories are also found to nucleate defects during the collapse. Models that do not support monopoles or strings behave similarly to each other, regardless of the specific vacuum manifold. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,INST THEORET PHYS,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Sornborger, A (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT APPL MATH & THEORET PHYS,SILVER ST,CAMBRIDGE CB3 9EW,ENGLAND. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 15 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 10 BP 6454 EP 6465 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.6454 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA XA969 UT WOS:A1997XA96900061 ER PT J AU Stibbe, DT Tennyson, J AF Stibbe, DT Tennyson, J TI Parent state swapping of resonances in electron-hydrogen molecule scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID EXCITATION; IMPACT AB Ab initio R-matrix scattering calculations are presented for electron-H-2 as a function of H-2 bond length. It is found that (2) Sigma(u)(+) and (2) Pi(u) resonances in the 10 eV region appear to be associated with multiple 'parent' target states and that the resonances can swap parents as a function of internuclear separation. It is shown how these phenomena provide an explanation for the inconsistencies in previous assignments of resonances in this region and other anomalies such as pronounced isotopic effects. It is suggested that this parent swapping behaviour is likely to be a common feature of electron-impact excitation of other molecules and is particularly important for any models that include nuclear motion. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP Stibbe, DT (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, TORRINGTON PL, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND. RI Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012 OI Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238 NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 9 BP L301 EP L307 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/30/9/003 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA XA340 UT WOS:A1997XA34000004 ER PT J AU Burns, JR Weitzman, SH Malabarba, LR AF Burns, JR Weitzman, SH Malabarba, LR TI Insemination in eight species of Cheirodontine fishes (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL GAMETIC ASSOCIATION; EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION; SPERM MORPHOLOGY; FINE-STRUCTURE; TESTIS; HEMIRAMPHIDAE; HALFBEAKS; SCULPIN; PISCES C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. UNIV FED RIO GRANDE SUL,DEPT ZOOL,PORTO ALEGRE,RS,BRAZIL. PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA RIO GRANDE SUL,MUSEU CIENCIAS & TECNOL,PORTO ALEGRE,RS,BRAZIL. RP Burns, JR (reprint author), GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20052, USA. RI Malabarba, Luiz/I-3225-2012 NR 34 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAY 13 PY 1997 IS 2 BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.2307/1447767 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA XA761 UT WOS:A1997XA76100024 ER PT J AU Rand, AS Bridarolli, ME Dries, L Ryan, MJ AF Rand, AS Bridarolli, ME Dries, L Ryan, MJ TI Light levels influence female choice in Tungara frogs: Predation risk assessment? SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS; AMBIENT LIGHT; MATE CHOICE; BEHAVIOR; RESPONSES C1 UNIV NACL RIO CUARTO,RA-5800 RIO CUARTO,ARGENTINA. UNIV TEXAS,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP Rand, AS (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,APTDO 2072,BALBOA,ANCON,PANAMA. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAY 13 PY 1997 IS 2 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.2307/1447770 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA XA761 UT WOS:A1997XA76100027 ER PT J AU Forrey, RC Yan, ZC Sadeghpour, HR Dalgarno, A AF Forrey, RC Yan, ZC Sadeghpour, HR Dalgarno, A TI Single and double photoionization from dipole response function SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID R-MATRIX METHODS; DOUBLE-IONIZATION; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; HELIUM; ENERGY; PHOTON; SCATTERING; CONTINUUM AB A method for including the correlated motion of the electrons in the calculation of single and double ionization of atomic and molecular systems by the absorption of a single photon is described. The correlated dipole response function is central to the formulation. The single and double photoionization cross sections of helium are calculated. We show that the method accurately corrects for the error that is present at high energies when the length gauge is used to characterize the photon interaction. The cross sections obtained from the length, velocity, and acceleration gauges are brought into agreement with each other and with cross sections calculated from the many-body perturbation theory. RP Forrey, RC (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Yan, Zong-Chao/F-6668-2014 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 12 PY 1997 VL 78 IS 19 BP 3662 EP 3664 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3662 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WY166 UT WOS:A1997WY16600018 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, O TI The whole shebang - A state-of-the-universe report - Ferris,T SO NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK TIMES PI NEW YORK PA 229 W 43RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10036-3959 SN 0028-7806 J9 NEW YORK TIMES BK R JI N. Y. Times Book Rev. PD MAY 11 PY 1997 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA WW898 UT WOS:A1997WW89800005 ER PT J AU Catanese, M Akerlof, CW Biller, SD Boyle, P Buckley, JH CarterLewis, DA Cawley, MF Connaughton, V Dingus, BL Fegan, DJ Fichtel, CE Finley, JP Gaidos, JA Gear, WK Hartman, RC Hillas, AM Krennrich, F Lamb, RC Lessard, RW Lin, YC McEnery, JE Marscher, AP Mohanty, G Mukherjee, R Quinn, J Robson, EI Rodgers, AJ Rose, HJ Samuelson, FW Sembroski, G Schubnell, MS Stevens, JA Terasranta, H Thompson, DJ Weekes, TC Wilson, C Zweerink, J AF Catanese, M Akerlof, CW Biller, SD Boyle, P Buckley, JH CarterLewis, DA Cawley, MF Connaughton, V Dingus, BL Fegan, DJ Fichtel, CE Finley, JP Gaidos, JA Gear, WK Hartman, RC Hillas, AM Krennrich, F Lamb, RC Lessard, RW Lin, YC McEnery, JE Marscher, AP Mohanty, G Mukherjee, R Quinn, J Robson, EI Rodgers, AJ Rose, HJ Samuelson, FW Sembroski, G Schubnell, MS Stevens, JA Terasranta, H Thompson, DJ Weekes, TC Wilson, C Zweerink, J TI Detection of gamma rays with E>100 MeV from BL Lacertae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects; individual (BL Lacertae); gamma rays, observations ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY; MULTIFREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS; RELATIVISTIC JETS; COMPLETE SAMPLE; TEV ENERGIES; UPPER LIMITS; LAC OBJECTS; BLAZARS AB We present evidence for the first detection of gamma rays from the extragalactic object BL Lacertae. Observations taken with EGRET on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory between 1995 January 24 and 1995 February 14 indicate a 4.4 sigma excess from the direction of BL Lacertae. The corresponding flux is (40 +/- 12) x 10(-8) photons cm(-2) s(-1) above 100 MeV. The combination of all previous observations where BL Lacertae was in EGRET's field of view result in a 2.4 sigma excess and a corresponding 95% confidence upper limit of 14 x 10(-8) photons cm(-2) s(-1), indicating that its gamma-ray emission is variable, at least on timescales of several months. Observations of BL Lacertae between 22 and 375 GHz were also taken between 1995 January 24 and 1995 February 14, and the flux levels for those measurements are similar to the historical average values for this object. A deep exposure on BL Lacertae with the Whipple Observatory 10 m gamma-ray telescope shows no evidence of emission above 350 GeV during a period 9 months after the EGRET observations. The 99.9% confidence flux upper limit derived from these observations is 0.53 x 10(-11) photons cm-2 s(-1) which implies a large reduction in the gamma-ray emission of BL Lacertae between EGRET and Whipple Observatory energies. This reduction should result from processes intrinsic to BL Lacertae because it is near enough to Earth that intergalactic background IR fields should not significantly reduce the flux of gamma rays to which the Whipple Observatory telescope is sensitive. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,RANDALL LAB PHYS,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV LEEDS,DEPT PHYS,LEEDS LS2 9JT,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. NATL UNIV IRELAND UNIV COLL DUBLIN,DEPT PHYS,DUBLIN 4,IRELAND. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,FRED LAWRENCE WHIPPLE OBSERV,AMADO,AZ 85645. ST PATRICKS COLL,DEPT PHYS,MAYNOOTH,KILDARE,IRELAND. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,WASHINGTON,DC. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. ROYAL OBSERV,EDINBURGH EH9 3HJ,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. STANFORD UNIV,HANSEN EXPT PHYS LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305. BOSTON UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,BOSTON,MA 02215. JOINT ASTRON CTR,HILO,HI 96720. HELSINKI UNIV TECHNOL,METSAHOVI RADIO RES STN,SF-02150 ESPOO,FINLAND. RP Catanese, M (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450 NR 56 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 1997 VL 480 IS 2 BP 562 EP 567 DI 10.1086/303998 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WW855 UT WOS:A1997WW85500010 ER PT J AU Banas, KR Hughes, JP Bronfman, L Nyman, LA AF Banas, KR Hughes, JP Bronfman, L Nyman, LA TI Supernova remnants associated with molecular clouds in the large magellanic cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, ISM; Magellanic Clouds; radio lines, ISM; supernova remnants; X-rays, ISM ID MILKY-WAY; CO; N49; KINEMATICS; N132D AB We used the Swedish-ESO Submillimeter Telescope (SEST) to search for CO emission associated with three supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud: N49, N132D, and N23. Observations were carried out in the J = 2 --> 1 rotational transition of CO (230.5 GHz) where the half-power beamwidth of the SEST is 23 ''. Molecular clouds were discovered near N49 and N132D; no CO emission was discovered in the region we mapped near N23. The N49 cloud has a peak line temperature of 0.75 K, spatial scale of similar to 7 pc and virial mass of similar to 3 x 10(4) M.. The N132D cloud is brighter with a peak temperature of 5 K; it is also larger similar to 22 pc and considerably more massive similar to 2 x 10(5) M-.. The velocities derived for the clouds near N49 and N132D, +286.0 and +264.0 km s(-1), agree well with the previously known velocities of the associated SNRs: +286 km s(-1) and +268 km s(-1) respectively. ROSAT X-ray images show that the ambient density into which the remnants are expanding appears to be significantly increased in the direction of the clouds. Taken together these observations indicate a physical association between the remnants and their respective, presumably natal, molecular clouds. The association of N49 and N132D with dense regions of molecular material means that both were likely products of short-lived progenitors that exploded as core-collapse supernovae. C1 CALTECH,DEPT ASTRON,PASADENA,CA 91125. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. UNIV CHILE,DEPT ASTRON,SANTIAGO,CHILE. ONSALA SPACE OBSERV,S-43992 ONSALA,SWEDEN. EUROPEAN SO OBSERV,SWEDISH ESO SUBMILLIMETER TELESCOPE,SANTIAGO 19,CHILE. RP Banas, KR (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Bronfman, Leonardo/H-9544-2013 OI Bronfman, Leonardo/0000-0002-9574-8454 NR 24 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 1997 VL 480 IS 2 BP 607 EP & DI 10.1086/303989 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WW855 UT WOS:A1997WW85500014 ER PT J AU Smith, BD AF Smith, BD TI The initial domestication of Cucurbita pepo in the Americas 10,000 years ago SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION AB Squash seeds, peduncles, and fruit rind fragments from Archaic period stratigraphic zones of Guila Naquitz cave in Oaxaca, Mexico, are assigned to Cucurbita pepo on the basis of diagnostic morphological characters and identified as representing a domesticated plant on the basis of increased seed length and peduncle diameter, as well as changes in fruit shape and color, in comparison to wild Cucurbita gourds. Nine accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon dates on these specimens document the cultivation of C. pepo by the inhabitants of Guila Naquitz cave between 10,000 to 8000 calendar years ago (9000 to 7000 carbon-14 years before the present), which predates maize, beans, and other directly dated domesticates in the Americas by more than 4000 years. RP Smith, BD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT ANTHROPOL,ARCHAEOBIOL PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 18 TC 121 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 9 PY 1997 VL 276 IS 5314 BP 932 EP 934 DI 10.1126/science.276.5314.932 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WY792 UT WOS:A1997WY79200042 ER PT J AU Forman, P AF Forman, P TI The flight from science and reason - Gross,PR, Levitt,N, Lewis,MW SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP Forman, P (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 2 PY 1997 VL 276 IS 5313 BP 750 EP 752 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WW900 UT WOS:A1997WW90000041 ER PT J AU Merrill, WL Quezada, MH AF Merrill, WL Quezada, MH TI Debate - Raramuri personhood and ethnicity: Another perspective SO AMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST LA English DT Article RP Merrill, WL (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVE SUITE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 SN 0094-0496 J9 AM ETHNOL JI Am. Ethnol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 24 IS 2 BP 302 EP 306 DI 10.1525/ae.1997.24.2.302 PG 5 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA XA618 UT WOS:A1997XA61800002 ER PT J AU Kitajima, K Mulkey, SS Wright, SJ AF Kitajima, K Mulkey, SS Wright, SJ TI Decline of photosynthetic capacity with leaf age in relation to leaf longevities for five tropical canopy tree species SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE leaf age; leaf longevity; leaf nitrogen content; photosynthetic capacities; tropical canopy trees ID NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; GAS-EXCHANGE; CARBON GAIN; LIFE-SPAN; LEAVES; PATTERN; PLANTS; FOREST; LIGHT AB The effect of leaf aging on photosynthetic capacities was examined for upper canopy leaves of five tropical tree species in a seasonally dry forest in Panama. These species varied in mean leaf longevity between 174 and 315 d, and in maximum leaf life span between 304 and 679 d. The light-saturated CO2 exchange rates of leaves produced during the primary annual leaf flush measured at 7-8 mo of age were 33-65% of the rates measured at 1-2 mo of age for species with leaf life span of < 1 yr. The negative regression slopes of photosynthetic capacity against leaf age were steeper for species with shorter maximum leaf longevity. In all species, regression slopes were less steep than the slopes predicted by assuming a linear decline toward the maximum leaf age (20-80% of the predicted decline rate). Maximum oxygen evolution rates and leaf nitrogen content declined faster with age for species with shorter leaf life spans. Statistical significance of regression slopes of oxygen evolution rates against leaf age was strongest on a leaf mass basis (r(2) = 0.49-0.87), followed by leaf nitrogen basis (r(2) = 0.48-0.77), and weakest on a leaf area basis (r(2) = 0.35-0.70). C1 UNIV MISSOURI,ST LOUIS,MO 63121. RP Kitajima, K (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,UNIT 0948,BOX 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. RI Kitajima, Kaoru/E-8877-2012; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 31 TC 111 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 15 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 84 IS 5 BP 702 EP 708 DI 10.2307/2445906 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WZ795 UT WOS:A1997WZ79500014 PM 21708622 ER PT J AU Horner, DJ Lada, EA Lada, CJ AF Horner, DJ Lada, EA Lada, CJ TI A near-infrared imaging survey of NGC 2282 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID H-II REGIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; INTRINSIC COLORS; STELLAR CLUSTER; IMAGES; PHOTOMETRY; EXTINCTION; DISKS; CORE AB We present the first near-infrared (JHK) imaging and photometry of a young cluster associated with NGC 2282, a reflection nebula in Monoceros. Our observations reveal that the cluster is centrally concentrated with a surface density that falls as r(-1). The cluster has a radius of roughly 1.6 pc and contains at least 100 members, approximately 9% of which exhibit infrared excess emission characteristic of young stellar objects. infrared extinction maps suggest that the cluster is located at the edge of a molecular cloud and is not heavily reddened. We construct the K-band luminosity function (KLF) of the cluster and find that it increases with magnitude up to the completeness limit of our observations (m(K)=15.0). The shape of the KLF is similar to those of other young clusters, such as IC 348 and the Trapezium, which suggest that the cluster contains a significant population of pre-main sequence stars. However, at the distance of NGC 2282 (1.7 kpc) our observations are not deep enough to sample the low mass end of the cluster IMF, Consequently, our KLF does not provide meaningful constraints on either the age of the cluster or the duration of star formation within it. On the other hand, the low extinction toward the cluster, its location at the edge of a molecular cloud, and the relatively small fraction of infrared excess sources suggest that it is a relatively evolved cluster of pre-main-sequence stars with an age of 5-10X10(6) years. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ASTRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Horner, DJ (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ASTRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 113 IS 5 BP 1788 EP 1798 DI 10.1086/118391 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WX752 UT WOS:A1997WX75200028 ER PT J AU Mathieu, RD Stassun, K Basri, G Jensen, ELN JohnsKrull, CM Valenti, JA Hartmann, LW AF Mathieu, RD Stassun, K Basri, G Jensen, ELN JohnsKrull, CM Valenti, JA Hartmann, LW TI The classical T tauri spectroscopic binary DQ tau .1. Orbital elements and light curves SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; UBVRI PHOTOMETRY; ECHELLE-SPECTROMETER; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; ACCRETION DISKS; YOUNG BINARIES; TIME-SERIES; TELESCOPE; EMISSION AB We report the discovery that the classical T Tauri star DQ Tau is a double-lined spectroscopic binary. The orbital period is 15.804 days, with a large orbital eccentricity e=0.556. The mass ratio is 0.97+/-0.15. We have monitored DQ Tau photometrically over two observing seasons and observed recurring episodes during which the stars get brighter (approximate to 0.5 mag in V) and bluer (approximate to-0.2 mag in V-I). When combined with photometry in the literature (time span approximate to 5000 days), a Scargle periodogram analysis reveals a highly significant periodicity of 15.80 days, essentially identical to the binary orbital period. These brightening events occur shortly before or at periastron passage. They occur during at least 65% of periastron passages, but not during all periastron passages. DQ Tau is surrounded by a circumbinary disk with mass of 0.002-0.02 M-0. The infrared spectral energy distribution resembles a power law from 1 to 60 mu m. Remarkably, there is no paucity of near-infrared emission indicative of the inner disk having been cleared by the binary; there is clearly warm material within the binary orbit. We interpret the brightening events as due to a variable mass accretion rate regulated by the binary orbit. The periodic brightenings, the associated increases in emission line strength and veiling reported in an accompanying paper [Basri et al., Al, submitted (1997)], and the circumstellar material together are consistent with a recent theoretical finding that circumbinary disk material can stream across a binary orbit at certain orbital phases, resulting in a pulsed accretion flow onto the stars [Artymowicz & Lubow, ApJ, 467, L77 (1996)]. The theoretically predicted phase of maximum accretion rate is shortly before periastron, in good agreement with the phasing of the brightenings of DQ Tau. At the same time the periastron separation is smaller than the inferred stellar magnetospheric radii of classical T Tauri stars, so that such magnetospheres would interact at each periastron passage. The magnetic energies are plausibly adequate to power the brightenings. However, the strongly enhanced continuum veiling and long duration of some of the brightenings are not naturally explained in a pure flaring scenario. Nonetheless, magnetospheres likely play a role in the detailed accretion flow near the stars. (C) 1997 American Astronomical Society. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ASTRON,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV TEXAS,MCDONALD OBSERV,AUSTIN,TX 78712. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Mathieu, RD (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ASTRON,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. OI Jensen, Eric/0000-0002-4625-7333 NR 57 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 113 IS 5 BP 1841 EP 1854 DI 10.1086/118395 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WX752 UT WOS:A1997WX75200032 ER PT J AU AbadaSimon, M Lecacheux, A Aubier, M Bookbinder, JA AF AbadaSimon, M Lecacheux, A Aubier, M Bookbinder, JA TI High resolution dynamic spectrum of a spectacular radio burst from the flare star AD Leonis SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: AD Leo; stars: flare; radio continuum: stars ID CYCLOTRON; EMISSION; RADIATION; SOLAR AB We present an intense, highly polarised. burst recorded on 13 February 1993 from the dMe flare star AD Leonis with the Arecibo(1) radio telescope at 1.4 GHz. The whole event lasts about 7 minutes, exhibits positive and negative drifts of the emission frequency with time, and narrow-band spikes reaching up to 350 mJy in 20 ms, some of which exhibit rapid positive drifts. Similar spikes are observed from the solar corona and from the auroral zones of the magnetized planets, most of which are attributed to an electron-cyclotron maser instability. However, plasma waves are plausible to explain some of the stellar burst characteristics. We present estimates of the source's properties using realistic models of AD Leo's atmosphere. C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, CAMBRIDGE, MA USA. UNIV VERSAILLES ST QUENTIN EN YVELINES, VERSAILLES, FRANCE. RP AbadaSimon, M (reprint author), OBSERV PARIS, CNRS URA 1757, ARPEGES, F-75014 PARIS, FRANCE. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 321 IS 3 BP 841 EP 849 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XB660 UT WOS:A1997XB66000020 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JP Krockenberger, M Sasselov, DD Renault, C Ferlet, R VidalMadjar, A Maurice, E Prevot, L Aubourg, E Bareyre, P Brehin, S Coutures, C Delabrouille, N deKat, J Gros, M Laurent, B LachiezeRey, M Lesquoy, E Magneville, C Milsztajn, A Moscoso, L Queinnec, F Rich, J Spiro, M Vigroux, L Zylberajch, S Ansari, R Cavalier, F Moniez, M Gry, C AF Beaulieu, JP Krockenberger, M Sasselov, DD Renault, C Ferlet, R VidalMadjar, A Maurice, E Prevot, L Aubourg, E Bareyre, P Brehin, S Coutures, C Delabrouille, N deKat, J Gros, M Laurent, B LachiezeRey, M Lesquoy, E Magneville, C Milsztajn, A Moscoso, L Queinnec, F Rich, J Spiro, M Vigroux, L Zylberajch, S Ansari, R Cavalier, F Moniez, M Gry, C TI EROS VARIABLE STARS: Discovery of beat Cepheids in the Small Magellanic Cloud and the effect of metallicity on pulsation SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Letter DE oscillations; stars cepheids; galaxies: Magellanic Clouds AB We report the discovery of eleven beat Cepheids in the Small Magellanic Cloud, using data obtained by the EROS microlensing survey. Four stars are beating in the fundamental and first overtone mode (F/1OT), seven are beating in the first and second overtone (1OT/2OT). The SMC F/1OT ratio is systematically higher than the LMC F/1OT, while the 1OT/2OT period ratio in the SMC Cepheids is the same as the LMC one. C1 INST ASTROPHYS, CNRS, F-75014 PARIS, FRANCE. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. CTR ETUD SACLAY, CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE. OBSERV MARSEILLE, F-13248 MARSEILLE, FRANCE. CTR ORSAY, INST NATL PHYS NUCL & PHYS PARTICULES, ACCELERATEUR LINEAIRE LAB, F-91405 ORSAY, FRANCE. CNRS, ASTRON SPATIALE LAB, F-13120 MARSEILLE, FRANCE. RP Beaulieu, JP (reprint author), KAPTEYN LAB, POSTBUS 800, NL-9700 AV GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 321 IS 1 BP L5 EP L8 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XB420 UT WOS:A1997XB42000002 ER PT J AU Sarazin, CL McNamara, BR AF Sarazin, CL McNamara, BR TI ROSAT X-ray observations of the cooling flow cluster A2597 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cooling flows; galaxies, clusters, individual (A2597); intergalactic medium; X-rays, galaxies ID EMISSION-LINE NEBULAE; ABELL CLUSTERS; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; ABSORBING MATTER; GALAXIES; RADIO; 2A-0335+096; ABSORPTION; CATALOG; COLD AB The cluster A2597 was observed in X-rays with the ROSAT PSPC and HRI detectors. The X-ray emission from the cluster extends out to a radius of at least 2.37 Mpc. The X-ray isophotes are oriented similarly to the optical isophotes of the central cD galaxy and to the isopleths of the galaxy distribution in the cluster but are otherwise quite regular, which suggests that this cluster is reasonably relaxed and in hydrostatic equilibrium. The merged HRI and PSPC surface brightness profile is not adequately fitted by a beta model because of the central X-ray surface brightness peak, which indicates the presence of a cooling flow. If the central 108 '' in radius are excluded, an acceptable fit is found that gives beta = 0.64(-0.03)(+0.08) but only an upper limit to the core radius, r(core) < 78 ''. The gas density and accumulated mass were derived as a function of radius, and the hydrostatic equilibrium condition was used to determine the total gravitational mass, also as a function of radius. Within a radius of 2 Mpc, we found masses of M-gas = 1.2 x 10(14) M-. and M-tot = 5.6 x 10(11) M-., and a gas mass fraction of about 21%. However, our poor knowledge of the spatial variation of the gas temperature makes the total mass values uncertain by at least a factor of 2. The ROSAT PSPC X-ray spectrum of the cluster was determined. Both the overall cluster spectrum and the spatially resolved spectra within 300 kpc require the presence of both hot gas and a cooling flow in the spectrum. The spectrally determined total cooling rate of (M) over dot = 344(-67)(+75) M. yr(-1) is in good agreement with those derived from analyses of the X-ray surface brightness profile from the Einstein IPC and the ROSAT HRI images. The ROSAT spatially resolved X-ray spectra indicate that the cooling component is distributed over the inner similar to 300 kpc in radius of the cluster. The presence of the cooling flow in the central regions and poorer statistics in the outer regions prevent us from deriving an accurate profile for the variation of the ambient cluster gas temperature. We do not detect any significant excess X-ray absorption toward the center of A2597, and we set a very conservative upper limit on the excess column in front of the cooling flow region of Delta N-H < 1.72 x 10(20) cm(-2). A2597 is one of the few cooling flows toward which a large column has been detected in radio observations (O'Dea et al.). A total column of N-H approximate to 1 x 10(21) cm(-2) was seen in 21 cm absorption against the very small central radio source. Our X-ray upper limit is not inconsistent with the 21 cm detection if the absorber covers only the small region (similar to 6 '') occupied by the radio source. However, we can rule out an absorber with a uniform column that covers the entire cooling flow or even just the smaller region of the extended optical emission-line nebula. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Sarazin, CL (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ASTRON,POB 3818,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 480 IS 1 BP 203 EP 215 DI 10.1086/303953 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WW282 UT WOS:A1997WW28200018 ER PT J AU Glassgold, AE Najita, J Igea, J AF Glassgold, AE Najita, J Igea, J TI X-ray ionization of protoplanetary disks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, disks; radiataive transfer; stars, pre-main-sequence; X-rays, stars ID OPHIUCHI DARK CLOUD; MAGNETOCENTRIFUGALLY DRIVEN FLOWS; T-TAURI STARS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; YOUNG STARS; EMISSION; ACCRETION; NEBULA; REGION AB In the light of new observations of star forming regions by the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA) and by ROSAT, we assess the ability of young stars to ionize their own circumstellar disks with stellar coronal X-rays. Although stellar winds may absorb soft X-rays, hard X-rays can penetrate to large column densities and, until they are absorbed, produce ionization rates greater than standard estimates for Galactic cosmic rays. As in previous studies of the external ionization of protoplanetary disks by cosmic rays, we find that X-ray ionization produces a surface layer that is well coupled to disk magnetic fields at similar to AU distances. The properties of the surface layer depend on the characteristics of the X-ray source and, thus, on the evolutionary status of the central star. Even if Galactic cosmic rays are efficiently excluded by magnetized winds, stellar X-ray irradiation alone may provide sufficient ionization for disks to accrete via the Balbus-Hawley instability. The resulting vertically layered structure of disks at similar to AU distances (a well-coupled surface layer overlying a poorly coupled, deeper layer) may lead to divergent dynamical evolution in the two regions, While accretion in the surface layer contributes to the buildup of the mass of the star, the quiescent conditions in the poorly coupled, deeper layer appear to be conducive to the formation of planets. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. NYU,DEPT PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10003. RP Glassgold, AE (reprint author), NYU,DEPT PHYS,4 WASHINGTON PL,NEW YORK,NY 10003, USA. NR 49 TC 186 Z9 186 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 480 IS 1 BP 344 EP 350 DI 10.1086/303952 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WW282 UT WOS:A1997WW28200031 ER PT J AU Stark, AA Bolatto, AD Chamberlin, RA Lane, AP Bania, TM Jackson, JM Lo, KY AF Stark, AA Bolatto, AD Chamberlin, RA Lane, AP Bania, TM Jackson, JM Lo, KY TI First detection of 492 GHz [C I] emission from the large magellanic cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, ISM; ISM, atoms; ISM, individual (N159, 30 Doradus); Magellanic Clouds; radio lines, ISM ID SEST KEY PROGRAM; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; IRREGULAR GALAXIES; LOW-METALLICITY; ATOMIC CARBON; REGIONS; LINE; PHOTODISSOCIATION; 30-DORADUS; S140 AB The P-3(1) --> P-3(0) fine-structure transition of neutral atomic carbon [C I] was observed with the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO) toward two star-forming regions in the Large Magellanic Cloud: N159 and 30 Doradus. The [C I] line is weak in the vicinity of 30 Dor, a region with a uniquely hard and intense UV field. The I-[C I]/I-CO ratio in N159 is enhanced by a factor greater than or similar to 2 compared to the Milky Way Galaxy, a result attributable to the lower metallicity of the Large Magellanic Cloud. C1 BOSTON UNIV, DEPT ASTRON, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. UNIV REPUBLICA, DEPT ASTRON, MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT ASTRON, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. RP HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RI Bania, Thomas/H-2318-2014 NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 480 IS 1 BP L59 EP L62 DI 10.1086/310618 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WW284 UT WOS:A1997WW28400015 ER PT J AU RodriguezPascual, PM Alloin, D Clavel, J Crenshaw, DM Horne, K Kriss, GA Krolik, JH Malkan, MA Netzer, H OBrien, PT Peterson, BM Reichert, GA Wamsteker, W Alexander, T Barr, P Blandford, RD Bregman, JN Carone, TE Clements, S Courvoisier, TJ DeRobertis, MM Dietrich, M Dottori, H Edelson, RA Filippenko, AV Gaskell, CM Huchra, JP Hutchings, JB Kollatschny, W Koratkar, AP Korista, KT Laor, A MacAlpine, GM Martin, PG Maoz, D McCollum, B Morris, SL Perola, GC Pogge, RW Ptak, RL RecondoGonzalez, MC RodriguezEspinoza, JM Rokaki, EL SantosLleo, M Sekiguchi, K Shull, JM Snijders, MAJ Sparke, LS Stirpe, GM Stoner, RE Sun, WH Wagner, SJ Wanders, I Wilkes, BJ Winge, C Zheng, W AF RodriguezPascual, PM Alloin, D Clavel, J Crenshaw, DM Horne, K Kriss, GA Krolik, JH Malkan, MA Netzer, H OBrien, PT Peterson, BM Reichert, GA Wamsteker, W Alexander, T Barr, P Blandford, RD Bregman, JN Carone, TE Clements, S Courvoisier, TJ DeRobertis, MM Dietrich, M Dottori, H Edelson, RA Filippenko, AV Gaskell, CM Huchra, JP Hutchings, JB Kollatschny, W Koratkar, AP Korista, KT Laor, A MacAlpine, GM Martin, PG Maoz, D McCollum, B Morris, SL Perola, GC Pogge, RW Ptak, RL RecondoGonzalez, MC RodriguezEspinoza, JM Rokaki, EL SantosLleo, M Sekiguchi, K Shull, JM Snijders, MAJ Sparke, LS Stirpe, GM Stoner, RE Sun, WH Wagner, SJ Wanders, I Wilkes, BJ Winge, C Zheng, W TI Steps toward determination of the size and structure of the broad-line region in active galactic nuclei .9. Ultraviolet observations of Fairall 9 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies, active; galaxies, individual (Fairall 9); galaxies, Seyfert; ultraviolet, galaxies ID OPTICAL WAVELENGTHS; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; EMISSION; NGC-5548; VARIABILITY; NGC-3783; QUASARS; IUE AB An 8 month monitoring campaign on the Seyfert 1 galaxy Fairall 9 has been conducted with the International Ultraviolet Explorer in an attempt to obtain reliable estimates of continuum-continuum and continuum-emission-line delays for a high-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN). While the results of this campaign are more ambiguous than those of previous monitoring campaigns on lower luminosity sources, we find general agreement with the earlier results: (1) there is no measurable lag between ultraviolet continuum bands, and (2) the measured emission-line time lags are very short. It is especially notable that the Ly alpha + Nv emission-line lag is about 1 order of magnitude smaller than determined from a previous campaign by Clavel, Wamsteker, & Glass (1989) when Fairall 9 was in a more luminous state. In other well-monitored sources, specially NGC 5548 and NGC 3783, the highest ionization lines are found to respond to continuum variations more rapidly than the lower ionization lines, which suggests a radially ionization-stratified broad-line region. In this case, the results are less certain, since none of the emission-line lags are very well determined. The best-determined emission line lag is Ly alpha + N v, for which;we find that the centroid of the continuum-emission-line crosscorrelation function is tau(cent)approximate to 14-20 days. We measure a lag tau(cent)less than or similar to 4 days for He II lambda 1640; this result is consistent with the ionization-stratification pattern seen in lower luminosity sources, but the relatively large uncertainties in the emission-line lags measured here cannot rule out similar lags for Ly alpha + N v and He II lambda 1640 at a high level of significance. We are unable to determine a reliable lag for C IV lambda 1550, but we note that the profiles of the variable parts of Ly alpha and C N lambda 1550 are not the same, which does not support the hypothesis that the strongest variations in these two lines arise in the same region. C1 CEA SACLAY,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. ESA,ISO PROJECT,MADRID 28080,SPAIN. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,COMP SCI CORP,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV ST ANDREWS,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,ST ANDREWS KY16 9SS,FIFE,SCOTLAND. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT ASTRON,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. TEL AVIV UNIV,SACKLER FAC EXACT SCI,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. TEL AVIV UNIV,SACKLER FAC EXACT SCI,WISE OBSERV,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. UNIV LEICESTER,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LEICESTER LE1 7RH,LEICS,ENGLAND. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ASTRON,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SPACE SCI LAB,BERKELEY,CA. EUREKA SCI INC,BERKELEY,CA. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ASTRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. OBSERV GENEVA,CH-1290 SAUVERNY,SWITZERLAND. YORK UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,N YORK,ON M3J 1P3,CANADA. LANDESSTERNWARTE KONIGSTUHL,D-69117 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. UNIV FED RIO GRANDE SUL,INST FIS,DEPT ASTRON,BR-91500 PORTO ALEGRE,RS,BRAZIL. UNIV IOWA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. DOMINION ASTROPHYS OBSERV,VICTORIA,BC V8X 4M6,CANADA. RP RodriguezPascual, PM (reprint author), IUE OBSERV,ESA,POB 50727,MADRID 28080,SPAIN. RI Morris, Simon/G-7981-2011; Recondo, Carmen/B-1215-2012; Stirpe, Giovanna/O-9393-2015 OI Morris, Simon/0000-0003-4866-110X; Recondo, Carmen/0000-0001-9813-6798; Stirpe, Giovanna/0000-0002-3702-8731 NR 40 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 110 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XB888 UT WOS:A1997XB88800002 ER PT J AU Gilbert, CR Tyler, JC AF Gilbert, CR Tyler, JC TI Apogon robbyi, a new cardinalfish (Perciformes: Apogonidae) from the Caribbean sea SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PISCES AB Apogon robbyi, a new species of cardinalfish, is described from a total of 33 specimens from Belize, Isla Providencia (east of Nicaragua), and Jamaica. It is morphologically most similar to Apogon quadrisquamatus, and is known to occur sympatrically with that species in Belize. A. robbyi differs from A. quadrisquamatus in having a distinctively striped pigmentation pattern, a large well-defined caudal spot, and in several morphometric features, most notably a proportionally narrower interorbital space and a smaller orbit. A. robbyi has been found in a wide variety of habitats, including grass flats, partially open sand bottoms around the bases of finger and globose sponges, tentacles of anemones, inside Live conch shells, and around coral reefs and high relief structures such as artificial reefs at depths of from 1 to 30 m. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RP Gilbert, CR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA, FLORIDA MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT NAT SCI, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 60 IS 3 BP 764 EP 781 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA XT896 UT WOS:A1997XT89600009 ER PT J AU McCosker, JE Smith, DG AF McCosker, JE Smith, DG TI Two new Indo-Pacific morays of the genus Uropterygius (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EELS AB Two closely-related new species of Indo-Pacific morays are described herein. Uropterygius xenodontus, from the central and western Pacific, and U. golanii, from the northern Red Sea, differ from each other in their vertebral numbers, and from all ether congeners which possess a single branchial I,ore on the basis of their coloration, vertebral number, and dentition. The possession by the new species of wedge-shaped rather than conical jaw teeth within species of Uropterygius as well as the relationship of vomerine dentition to fish size are discussed. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, DIV FISHES, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. RP McCosker, JE (reprint author), CALIF ACAD SCI, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 60 IS 3 BP 1005 EP 1014 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA XT896 UT WOS:A1997XT89600020 ER PT J AU Fleischer, RC Tarr, CL Morton, ES Sangmeister, A Derrickson, KC AF Fleischer, RC Tarr, CL Morton, ES Sangmeister, A Derrickson, KC TI Mating system of the dusky antbird, a tropical passerine, as assessed by DNA fingerprinting SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Cercomacra tyrannina; Dusky Antbird; DNA fingerprinting; extra-pair fertilizations; tropical birds AB We studied the genetic mating system of the Dusky Antbird (Cercomacra tyrannina) in Panama using multilocus DNA fingerprinting. We found no evidence of extra-pair fertilization (EPF) in 15 offspring of nine families. We also found no evidence of intraspecific brood parasitism (ISBP) for 13 offspring in eight families. RP Fleischer, RC (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 1997 VL 99 IS 2 BP 512 EP 514 DI 10.2307/1369957 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA WZ298 UT WOS:A1997WZ29800026 ER PT J AU Wagner, RH Davidar, P Schug, MD Morton, ES AF Wagner, RH Davidar, P Schug, MD Morton, ES TI Do blood parasites affect paternity, provisioning and mate-guarding in purple martins? SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE parasite; sexual selection; Haemoproteus; microfilaria; extra-pair fertilization; Progne subis AB We examined hypothetical relationships between blood parasite infection in Purple Martins Progne subis and extra-pair paternity of males, feeding performance of parents of both sexes, and mate-guarding intensity of males. We found no evidence that infection with either of two parasites, Haemoproteus prognei and an unspecified microfilariad, affected extra-pair paternity. Infected males were no more likely than uninfected males to be cuckolded, and infection did not preclude extrapair fertilization success. Infection also was unrelated to provisioning rates by adult males and females and to mate-guarding intensity by males. However, subadult females provisioned significantly less when infected with Haemoproteus, suggesting that young females have a lower resistance to parasites than adult females, or males. C1 PONDICHERRY UNIV,SALIM ALI SCH ECOL & ENVIRONM SCI,PONDICHERRY 605014,INDIA. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT GENET & DEV,ITHACA,NY 14853. SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. RP Wagner, RH (reprint author), YORK UNIV,DEPT BIOL,4700 KEELE ST,N YORK,ON M3J 1P3,CANADA. OI Davidar, Priya/0000-0003-2463-6743 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 1997 VL 99 IS 2 BP 520 EP 523 DI 10.2307/1369959 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA WZ298 UT WOS:A1997WZ29800028 ER PT J AU Hagedorn, M Kleinhans, FW Wildt, DE Rall, WF AF Hagedorn, M Kleinhans, FW Wildt, DE Rall, WF TI Chill sensitivity and cryoprotectant permeability of dechorionated zebrafish embryos, Brachydanio rerio SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FISH EMBRYOS; DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE; CRYOPRESERVATION; PRESERVATION; SPERMATOZOA; METHANOL; INTACT; WATER; CELLS AB The zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) was used as a model for basic studies of the chilling sensitivity, permeability and toxicity of cryoprotectants. In both intact and dechorionated embryos, early stage embryos (1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2 h) were more susceptible (P < 0.05) to chilling injury at 0 degrees C than late-stage embryos (50, 75, and 100% epiboly and three-somite stage). Moreover, enzymatic removal of the chorion did not alter (P > 0.05) this pattern of sensitivity to chilling. Eight-hour zebrafish embryos tolerated short-term exposures to temperatures ranging from 4 to 23 degrees C for 3.5 h with no detrimental developmental effects. The permeability of dechorionated embryos to cryoprotectants was examined by measuring the kinetics of volumetric change at various develop mental stages (16 cells to six somites or ca 1.25 to 14 h postfertilization) at 28.5 degrees C. The dechorionated zebrafish embryo is composed of two complex cellular compartments (i.e., a large yolk and the developing blastoderm). From 40 to 100% epiboly, the volumes of the yolk and blastoderm remained constant, ca 82 and 18%, respectively. However, these volumes changed rapidly after epiboly. For example, at the six-somite stage, the yolk composed 61% of the total volume, whereas the blastoderm composed 39%. When three- and six-somite embryos were placed in 1.5 and 2.0 M cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide and propylene glycol), osmometric measurement of volume changes indicated no permeation of the cryoprotectants. However, some permeation was observed for six-somite embryos immersed in a 2.0 M methanol solution, but not for 3-somite embryos. For up to 30 min at room temperature, these cryoprotectant solutions were not toxic to zebrafish embryos; however, 1.5 M glycerol and ethylene glycol solutions were. We conclude that the complex nature of the zebrafish embryo reduces the effectiveness and predictive value of light microscopical measurements for cryoprotectant permeability studies. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, CONSERVAT & RES CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20008 USA. INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202 USA. NIH, VET RESOURCES PROGRAM, NATL CTR RES RESOURCES, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RP Hagedorn, M (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL ZOOL PK, WASHINGTON, DC 20008 USA. RI Rall, William/C-5104-2008 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R29 RR08769] NR 42 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD MAY PY 1997 VL 34 IS 3 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1006/cryo.1997.2002 PG 13 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA WZ400 UT WOS:A1997WZ40000005 PM 9160996 ER PT J AU Ortner, DJ Ericksen, MF AF Ortner, DJ Ericksen, MF TI Bone changes in the human skull probably resulting from scurvy in infancy and childhood SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE scurvy; porosity; hypertrophic lesions; metabolic disease; infancy; childhood AB Scurvy in children is poorly known in the palaeopathological literature despite biomedical references indicating that bone changes do occur in some cases and should be observable in human skeletal remains. Research on infants' and children's skulls in museum and anatomical collections in the USA and Europe reveals a complex of features on the external surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid and adjacent bone tissue that may be caused by scurvy. The lesions are bilateral and are characterized by porosity and, in some cases, hypertrophic bone formation. These abnormal bone changes are probably the result of a reaction to chronic haemorrhage in the deep vasculature associated with temporalis muscle function. While these lesions resemble those seen in anaemia and infection, their distinctive anatomical location and association with chewing should differentiate them, in most cases, from other disease conditions. These features are also associated with porous, hypertrophic lesions of the orbital roof and provide additional evidence that caution is needed in attributing porous lesions of the orbital roof solely to anaemia. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 UNIV BRADFORD,DEPT ARCHAEOL SCI,BRADFORD BD7 1DP,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. RP Ortner, DJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT ANTHROPOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 15 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1047-482X J9 INT J OSTEOARCHAEOL JI Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 212 EP 220 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1212(199705)7:3<212::AID-OA346>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 9 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA XU982 UT WOS:A1997XU98200003 ER PT J AU Koch, PL Tuross, N Fogel, ML AF Koch, PL Tuross, N Fogel, ML TI The effects of sample treatment and diagenesis on the isotopic integrity of carbonate in biogenic hydroxylapatite SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bone; tooth enamel; tooth dentin; carbon isotopes; oxygen isotopes; carbonate; collagen; diagenesis; palaeodiet ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; FOSSIL BONE; APATITES; CRYSTALLINITY; PRESERVATION; STRONTIUM; COLLAGEN; DIET; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RECONSTRUCTION AB The study of the isotopic composition of structural carbonate in fossil vertebrate hydroxylapatite has been hampered by uncertainty concerning sample treatment and arguments about the susceptibility of this material to diagenetic alteration. Our investigation of sample treatment reveals that some methods commonly used to remove organic matter and secondary minerals induce significant isotopic offsets, particularly for oxygen isotopes in bone and dentin. Treatment with dilute sodium hypochlorite, to oxidize organic matter, followed by leaching with very dilute or acetate-buffered acetic acid, to dissolve secondary mineral contaminants, is recommended. Using this protocol, we explore the isotopic fidelity of different carbon- and oxygen-bearing components from individual fossil skeletons of Holocene humans and late Pleistocene mastodons and mammoths. Enamel hydroxylapatite yields reliable results, with low within-group isotopic variability and values that match those expected from well-preserved collagen from the same individual. In contrast, isotopic values from bone and dentin hydroxylapatite are more variable within groups of samples, and many specimens do not produce isotopic values consistent with those expected from collagen or enamel from the same individual. These results suggest that bone and dentin are unreliable source materials for isotopic analysis of structural carbonate, even for relatively young, mid-Holocene to Pleistocene specimens. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,MSC,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RI Fogel, Marilyn/M-2395-2015 OI Fogel, Marilyn/0000-0002-1176-3818 NR 46 TC 418 Z9 428 U1 5 U2 59 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 24 IS 5 BP 417 EP 429 DI 10.1006/jasc.1996.0126 PG 13 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA WZ790 UT WOS:A1997WZ79000004 ER PT J AU Taylor, PM AF Taylor, PM TI Natural history of Seram: Maluku, Indonesia - Edwards,ID SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review RP Taylor, PM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN ASIAN STUDIES INC PI ANN ARBOR PA UNIV MICH 1 LANE HALL, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0021-9118 J9 J ASIAN STUD JI J. Asian Stud. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 548 EP 549 DI 10.2307/2646314 PG 2 WC Area Studies; Asian Studies SC Area Studies; Asian Studies GA XP062 UT WOS:A1997XP06200078 ER PT J AU McClelland, BE Wilczynski, W Rand, AS AF McClelland, BE Wilczynski, W Rand, AS TI Sexual dimorphism and species differences in the neurophysiology and morphology of the acoustic communication system of two neotropical hylids SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE larynx; ear; auditory; amphibian; sex differences ID AUDITORY-SENSITIVITY; ANURAN AMPHIBIANS; CRICKET FROGS; ELEUTHERODACTYLUS-COQUI; PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS; RANA-CATESBEIANA; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; HYLA-EBRACCATA; CALL PATTERNS; MIDBRAIN AB We examined auditory tuning and the morphology of the anatomical structures underlying acoustic communication in female Hyla microcephala and H. ebraccata and compared our findings to data from a previous study (Wilczynski et al. 1993) in which we showed species differences in the traits that in males relate to differences in the species-typical calls. Female species differences in the best excitatory frequency (BEF) of the basilar papilla (BP) were similar to the differences seen in males, and females had a significantly lower BEF in H. ebraccata, but not H. microcephala. In both species, females had lower BP thresholds. Snout-vent length, head width, and tympanic membrane diameters were sexually dimorphic in both species and larger in females, whereas laryngeal components were sexually dimorphic and larger in males. Middle and inner ear volumes were not sexually dimorphic. Despite the significant species differences in laryngeal morphology seen in males, female larynges are not significantly different. Furthermore, the interaction of species and sex differences resulted in significantly different degrees of sex dimorphism in the species, particularly for the larynx, which is more sexually dimorphic in H. microcephala, and measures of body size, which are more dimorphic in H. ebraccata. C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ZOOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712. SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. RP McClelland, BE (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,DEPT PSYCHOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH45696] NR 67 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-7594 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A JI J. Comp. Physiol. A-Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 180 IS 5 BP 451 EP 462 DI 10.1007/s003590050062 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology GA WX280 UT WOS:A1997WX28000002 PM 9163924 ER PT J AU Felder, DL Manning, RB AF Felder, DL Manning, RB TI Ghost shrimps of the genus Lepidophthalmus from the Caribbean region, with description of L-richardi, new species, from Belize (Decapoda: Thalassinidea: Callianassidae) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOUISIANENSIS SCHMITT; SOUTH FLORIDA; CRUSTACEA; REEXAMINATION; ECOLOGY AB Lepidophthalmus jamaicense, originally described in limited detail on the basis of two male type specimens from Montego Bay, Jamaica, is redescribed and fully illustrated in the course of our examination of the original types, a large series of recently collected male and female topotypes, and recent collections from the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Comparative morphological studies of all the known western Atlantic species serve to distinguish materials from Belize, which are herein recognized as L. richardi, new species. Included in these comparisons and descriptions are detailed studies of ventral cuticular armor in the anterior abdominal somites, an apparent apomorphic character of particular value in segregating tropical western Atlantic populations. The occurrence of L. jamaicense in southeastern Cuba is confirmed from reexamination of museum material, and the range of the species is extended to Tobago and coastal Venezuela in the extreme southeastern Caribbean. While there appears to be strong potential for regional endemism in western Atlantic species of the genus Lepidophthalmus, the widely separated insular populations of L. jamaicense in the Antillean region appear to be undifferentiated. Reproductive history and potential for larval dispersal in this species remains unknown and may not conform to the abbreviated life histories reported for its western Atlantic congeners. C1 UNIV SW LOUISIANA,LAB CRUSTACEAN RES,LAFAYETTE,LA 70504. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Felder, DL (reprint author), UNIV SW LOUISIANA,DEPT BIOL,BOX 42451,LAFAYETTE,LA 70504, USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 17 IS 2 BP 309 EP 331 DI 10.2307/1549281 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA XA803 UT WOS:A1997XA80300012 ER PT J AU Jordan, TE Correll, DL Weller, DE AF Jordan, TE Correll, DL Weller, DE TI Effects of agriculture on discharges of nutrients from coastal plain watersheds of Chesapeake Bay SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; RHODE RIVER ESTUARY; RIPARIAN FOREST; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; GROUNDWATER NITRATE; PARTICULATE MATTER; DRAINAGE BASINS; ANNUAL CYCLE; LAND-USE AB We measured annual discharges of water, sediments, and nutrients from 17 Chesapeake Bay watersheds with differing proportions of agricultural lands on the inner, central, and outer Coastal Plain. In all regions of the Coastal Plain, the flow-weighted mean concentrations of N species in watershed discharge increased as the proportion of cropland in the watershed increased. In contrast, the concentrations of P species did not correlate with any land use. Instead, P concentrations correlated with the concentration of suspended particles, which differed greatly among watersheds in different regions of the Coastal Plain. Consequently, the ratio of N/P in discharges differed widely among watersheds, potentially affecting N or P limitation of phytoplankton growth in the receiving waters. Concentrations of dissolved silicate, organic C, pH, and alkalinity in discharges did not differ greatly among watersheds or correlate with land use. Nitrogen discharge correlated with net anthropogenic inputs of N to the watershed, but usually less than one-third of the net anthropogenic inputs were discharged. RP Jordan, TE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 28,EDGEWATER,MD 21037, USA. OI Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437 NR 87 TC 166 Z9 173 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 836 EP 848 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WZ349 UT WOS:A1997WZ34900041 ER PT J AU Langlois, GA Coats, DW AF Langlois, GA Coats, DW TI Symposium introductory remarks: ''Protistan predation dynamics'' SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ECOSYSTEMS; PREY C1 SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR,EDGEWATER,MD 21037. RP Langlois, GA (reprint author), BRYANT COLL,DEPT SCI & TECHNOL,1150 DOUGLAS PIKE,SMITHFIELD,RI 02917, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 44 IS 3 BP 173 EP 175 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05696.x PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XC317 UT WOS:A1997XC31700001 ER PT J AU Ballou, JD AF Ballou, JD TI Ancestral inbreeding only minimally affects inbreeding depression in mammalian populations SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PLANT-POPULATIONS; MIMULUS-TAXA; FULL-SIB; HETEROZYGOSITY; CONSEQUENCES; SELECTION; FITNESS; OVERDOMINANCE; EXTINCTION AB Inbreeding depression can be reduced, or purged, by selection against deleterious alleles, This prediction is the basis of the recommendation that captive wildlife populations suffering from inbreeding depression be intentionally bred from healthy inbred animals. Yet data on the effectiveness of purging inbreeding depression are few. In this study I present and use two different regression models (an ancestral inbreeding model and a lethal recessive model) to test for the presence of purging effects in 25 captive mammalian populations, Fitness components examined were neonatal survival, survival from neonate to weaning, and litter size, In only one species was purging statistically significant, However, 15 of 17 species that showed inbreeding depression exhibited a slight decline in inbreeding depression in neonatal survival among descendants of inbred animals. These results show a small but highly significant trend of purging on neonatal survival. No trends in purging effects were observed in weaning survival or litter size, The effects were not likely to be strong enough to be of practical use in eliminating inbreeding depression. RP Ballou, JD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT ZOOL RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 65 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 3 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 88 IS 3 BP 169 EP 178 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XC319 UT WOS:A1997XC31900002 PM 9183845 ER PT J AU Tseng, CH Peled, S Nascimben, L Oteiza, E Walsworth, RL Jolesz, FA AF Tseng, CH Peled, S Nascimben, L Oteiza, E Walsworth, RL Jolesz, FA TI NMR of laser-polarized Xe-129 in blood foam SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-SPIN RELAXATION; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GAS; HE-3; EXCHANGE; DEPENDENCE; RATES; RB AB Laser-polarized Xe-129 dissolved in a foam preparation of fresh human blood was investigated, The NMR signal of Xe-129 dissolved in blood was enhanced by creating a foam in which the dissolved Xe-129 exchanged with a large reservoir of gaseous laser-polarized Xe-129. The dissolved Xe-129 T-1 in this system was found to be significantly shorter in oxygenated blood than in deoxygenated blood, The T-1 of Xe-129 dissolved in oxygenated blood foam was found to be approximately 21 (+/-5) s, and in deoxygenated blood foam to be greater than 40 s, To understand the oxygenation trend, T-1 measurements were also made on plasma and hemoglobin foam preparations, The measurement technique using a foam gas-liquid exchange interface may also be useful for studying foam coarsening and other liquid physical properties. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP Tseng, CH (reprint author), BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,221 LONGWOOD AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. RI Peled, Sharon/F-8590-2015 NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 126 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1006/jmre.1997.1145 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA XD105 UT WOS:A1997XD10500009 PM 9177797 ER PT J AU Hosack, DA Miller, KV Marchinton, RL Monfort, SL AF Hosack, DA Miller, KV Marchinton, RL Monfort, SL TI Ovarian activity in captive Eld's deer (Cervus eldi thamin) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Cervus eldi thamin; Eld's deer; ovarian activity; progesterone; reproductive strategy ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; BREEDING-SEASON; ESTROUS CYCLES; FEMALE AB Urinary pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide was used to track ovarian activity in 16 Eld's deer (Cervus eldi thamin) from 23 December 1991 to 10 December 1992. All females exhibited a long period of ovarian activity (i.e., short anestrus); mean duration of the reproductive season was 277.9 +/- 9.7 days (range, 225-342 days), during which females averaged 13.8 +/- 0.5 estrous cycles (range 10-17). Although our study was conducted on captive females in North America, it suggested that Eld's deer were capable of prolonged ovarian activity. We contend that the lack of seasonality in ovarian activity is predictable based on environmental conditions in the native habitat of Eld's deer and their strategy of hiding young. Absence of reproductive seasonality may convey a selective advantage to female Eld's deer. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,CONSERVAT & RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 78 IS 2 BP 669 EP 674 DI 10.2307/1382918 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA XB316 UT WOS:A1997XB31600038 ER PT J AU Thompson, A Early, EA DeLuisi, J Disterhoft, P Wardle, D Kerr, J Rives, J Sun, YC Lucas, T Mestechkina, T Neale, P AF Thompson, A Early, EA DeLuisi, J Disterhoft, P Wardle, D Kerr, J Rives, J Sun, YC Lucas, T Mestechkina, T Neale, P TI The 1994 North American interagency intercomparison of ultraviolet monitoring spectroradiometers SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental monitoring; intercomparison; solar ultraviolet; spectroradiometers AB Concern over stratospheric ozone depletion has prompted several government agencies in North America to establish networks of spectroradiometers for monitoring solar ultraviolet irradiance at the surface of the Earth. To assess the ability of spectroradiometers to accurately measure solar ultraviolet irradiance, and to compare the results between instruments of different monitoring networks, the first North American Intercomparison of Ultraviolet Monitoring Spectroradiometers was held September 19-29, 1994 at Table Mountain outside Boulder, Colorado, USA. This Intercomparison was coordinated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Participating agencies were the Environmental Protection Agency, National Science Foundation, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, and Atmospheric Environment Service, Canada. Instruments were characterized for wavelength accuracy, bandwidth, stray-light rejection, and spectral irradiance responsivity, the latter with a NIST standard lamp calibrated to operate in the horizontal position. The spectral irradiance responsivity was determined once indoors and twice outdoors, and demonstrated that, while the responsivities changed upon moving the instruments, they were relatively stable when the instruments remained outdoors. Synchronized spectral scans of the solar irradiance were performed over several days. Using the spectral irradiance responsivities determined with the NIST standard lamp, and a simple convolution technique to account for the different bandwidths of the instruments, the measured solar irradiances agreed within 5%. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Environm Canada, Atomospher Environm Serv, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Biospher Instruments Inc, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Thompson, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 102 IS 3 BP 279 EP 322 DI 10.6028/jres.102.021 PG 44 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA V2817 UT WOS:000168726400001 PM 27805148 ER PT J AU Wells, JC Simbotin, I Gavrila, M AF Wells, JC Simbotin, I Gavrila, M TI Multistate high-frequency Floquet theory SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER FIELDS; ATOMS; STABILIZATION; IONIZATION; SUPERINTENSE; DYNAMICS; EQUATION; INTENSE; STATES AB Floquet theory of laser-atom interactions operates with quasienergy states, either discrete, for the description of ionization, or continuous, for the description of free-free transitions. The use of individual states for these purposes, as currently done, impairs on the ability of the theory to describe realistic physical situations, due to the conditions that have to be met (adiabatic turn-on of the field to access the ionizing state desired, small ionization rate Gamma, etc.). We endeavor to eliminate these conditions by considering coherent superpositions of Floquet states. The possibility that arbitrary quantum mechanical wave packets be represented by such superpositions expresses the mathematical completeness of the states. Whereas rigorous proofs of completeness do exist in terms of states with real quasienergy, the type of expansion of interest for ionization, including states with discrete quasienergy, does not appear to be covered. We assume its possibility, and explore the consequences in the high-frequency case, from a pragmatic point of view. Our starting point is the single-state high-frequency Floquet theory (HFFT), expanded to include the second iteration within the theory. By expressing wave packets as superpositions of single HFFT states, we are introducing the ''multistate HFFT.'' We compare the predictions of the multistate HFFT with the results of wave-packet dynamics (WPD), as given by the time-dependent Schrodinger equation, for the 1D model with soft Coulomb potential, frequently used. We focus on the evolution of the populations in bound ''dressed states,'' which are eigenfunctions of the structure equation of the HFFT. For a variety of initial conditions, the agreement obtained is remarkable, which indicates the potential of multistate HFFT, and confirms operationally our mathematical assumption. RP Wells, JC (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016 OI Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 525 EP 536 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA XH417 UT WOS:A1997XH41700002 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI American visions: The epic history of art in America - Hughes,R SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST LIB,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 8 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA WV949 UT WOS:A1997WV94900034 ER PT J AU Dickinson, TL McCoy, TJ AF Dickinson, TL McCoy, TJ TI Experimental rare-earth-element partitioning in oldhamite: Implications for the igneous origin of aubritic oldhamite SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENSTATITE ACHONDRITES AUBRITES; PARENT BODY; CHONDRITES; MICROPROBE; BODIES AB Aubritic oldhamite (CaS) has been the subject of intense study recently because it is the major rare-earth-element (REE) carrier in aubrites, has a variety of REE patterns comparable to those in unequilibrated enstatite chondrites and has an extraordinarily high melting point as a pure substance (2525 degrees C). These latter two facts have caused some authors to assert that much of the aubritic oldhamite is an unmelted nebular relict, rather than of igneous origin. We have conducted REE partitioning experiments between oldhamite and silicate melt using an aubritic bulk composition at 1200 degrees C and 1300 degrees C and subsolidus annealing experiments. All experiments produced crystalline oldhamite, with a range of compositions, glass and Fe metal, as well as enstatite, SiO2, diopside and troilite in some charges. Rare-earth-element partitioning is strongly dependent on oldhamite composition and temperature. Subsolidus annealing results in larger partition coefficients for some oldhamite grains, particularly those in contact with troilite. All experimental oldhamite/silicate melt partition coefficients are <20 and the vast majority are <5, which is similar to those reported in the literature and is two orders of magnitude less than those inferred for natural aubritic oldhamite. These partition coefficients preclude a simple igneous model, since REE abundances in aubritic oldhamite are greater than would be predicted on the basis of the experimental partition coefficients. Our experimental partition coefficients are consistent with a relict nebular origin for aubritic oldhamite, although experimental evidence that suggests melting of oldhamite at temperatures lower than that reached on the aubrite parent body are clearly inconsistent with the nebular model. Our experiments are consistent also with a complex igneous history. Oldhamite REE patterns may reflect a complex process of partial melting, melt removal, fractional crystallization and subsolidus annealing and exsolution. These mechanisms (primarily fractional crystallization and subsolidus annealing) can produce a wide range of REE patterns in aubritic oldhamite, as well as elevated (100-1000 x CI) REE abundances observed in aubritic oldhamite. C1 NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,MRC 119,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Dickinson, TL (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20064, USA. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3 BP 395 EP 412 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XA230 UT WOS:A1997XA23000011 ER PT J AU Paxinos, E McIntosh, C Ralls, K Fleischer, R AF Paxinos, E McIntosh, C Ralls, K Fleischer, R TI A noninvasive method for distinguishing among canid species: Amplification and enzyme restriction of DNA from dung SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kit fox; canid; endangered species; PCR amplification; noninvasive DNA sampling ID PCR AB Endangered San Joaquin kit foxes Vulpes macrotis mutica can be sympatrically distributed with as many as four other canids: red fox, gray fox, coyote and domestic dog. Canid seats are often found during routine fieldwork, but cannot be reliably identified to species. To detect and study the endangered kit fox, we developed mitochondrial DNA markers that can be amplified from small amounts of DNA extracted from seats. We amplified a 412-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene from seat samples and digested it with three restriction enzymes. The resulting restriction profiles discriminated among all five canid species and correctly identified 10 'unknown' fox seats to species in blind tests. We have applied our technique to identify canids species for an environmental management study and a conservation study. We envision that our protocol, and similar ones developed for other endangered species will be greatly used for conservation management in the future. C1 BROWN UNIV,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT BIOL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. RP Paxinos, E (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,MOL GENET LAB,DEPT ZOOL RES,3001 BLOCK CONNECTICUT AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. NR 16 TC 90 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 6 IS 5 BP 483 EP 486 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1997.00206.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA WY864 UT WOS:A1997WY86400009 PM 9161016 ER PT J AU Romanowsky, AJ Kochanek, CS AF Romanowsky, AJ Kochanek, CS TI Structural and dynamical uncertainties in modelling axisymmetric elliptical galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies, elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies, individual, NGC 1439; galaxies, individual, NGC 7619; galaxies, kinematics and dynamics; galaxies, structure ID INTRINSIC SHAPES; SPHERICAL GALAXIES; BLACK-HOLES; KINEMATICS; FIELD; HALOS; M32 AB Quantitative dynamical models of galaxies require deprojection of the observed surface brightness to determine the luminosity density of the galaxy. Existing deprojection methods for axisymmetric galaxies assume that a unique deprojection exists for any given inclination, even though the projected density is known to be degenerate to the addition of 'konus densities' that are invisible in projection. We develop a deprojection method based on linear regularization that can explore the range of luminosity densities that are statistically consistent with an observed surface brightness distribution. The luminosity density is poorly constrained at modest inclinations (i greater than or similar to 30 degrees), even in the limit of vanishing observational errors. In constant mass-to-light ratio, axisymmetric, two-integral dynamical models, the uncertainties in the luminosity density result in large uncertainties in the meridional plane velocities. However, the projected line-of-sight velocities show variations comparable to current typical observational uncertainties. RP Romanowsky, AJ (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS-10,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 287 IS 1 BP 35 EP 50 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WZ850 UT WOS:A1997WZ85000007 ER PT J AU Viti, S Tennyson, J Polyansky, OL AF Viti, S Tennyson, J Polyansky, OL TI A spectroscopic linelist for hot water SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE masers; molecular data; shock waves; Sun, atmosphere; stars, atmospheres; galaxies, active ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; RO-VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA; COOL DWARF STARS; TRIATOMIC-MOLECULES; FLAME SPECTRA; GROUND-STATE; H2O; VAPOR; DATABASE; CM-1 AB A new linelist of H2O transition frequencies and intensities is presented. This list greatly improves the accuracy of the energy levels and the transition frequencies over existing hot water linelists. Although it does not cover many high vibrational states of the molecule, it does include all the rotational levels up to J=38. Comparisons with several sets of data (ab initio and experimental) are shown. The accuracy of the linelist should be enough for it to be used to assign laboratory line transitions at high temperature, and to provide water transitions that could be observed in other hot molecular environments including magnetohydrodynamic shocks, circumstellar outflows and active galactic nuclei. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST PHYS APPL,NIZHNII NOVGOROD 603024,RUSSIA. RP Viti, S (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,GOWER ST,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. RI Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012 OI Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238 NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 287 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WZ850 UT WOS:A1997WZ85000011 ER PT J AU Johnston, PF AF Johnston, PF TI Titanic ethics + AAM policy on salvaged shipwrecks SO MUSEUM NEWS LA English DT Letter RP Johnston, PF (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM AMER HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC MUSEUMS PI WASHINGTON PA 1575 EYE ST, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0027-4089 J9 MUSEUM NEWS JI Mus. News PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 76 IS 3 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Art SC Art GA WV774 UT WOS:A1997WV77400001 ER PT J AU Washburn, WE AF Washburn, WE TI Indian depredation claims, 1796-1920 - Skogen,LC SO PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP Washburn, WE (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0030-8684 J9 PAC HIST REV JI Pac. Hist. Rev. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 66 IS 2 BP 263 EP 263 PG 1 WC History SC History GA XK517 UT WOS:A1997XK51700009 ER PT J AU Kharchenko, P Babb, JF Dalgarno, A AF Kharchenko, P Babb, JF Dalgarno, A TI Long-range interactions of sodium atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; 2P SUBSHELL; RESONANCE STRUCTURE; GROUND-STATE; NA; PHOTOABSORPTION; DISPERSION; THRESHOLD; RETARDATION AB Long-range interaction potentials between two and three sodium atoms, between a sodium atom and a perfectly conducting wall, and for a sodium atom between two perfectly conducting walls, are calculated with an electric-dipole oscillator strength distribution constructed from combinations of experimental and theoretical energy levels, oscillator strengths, and photoionization cross section data, constrained by accurate values of oscillator strength sum rules. The leading dispersion coefficients for Na-Na and Na-Na-Na and the Lennard-Jones coefficient for the Na-wall system are determined. For Na-Na and for the Na-wall systems, the retarded (Casimir) potentials are also calculated. RP Kharchenko, P (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Babb, James/0000-0002-3883-9501 NR 57 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1997 VL 55 IS 5 BP 3566 EP 3572 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.3566 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WX952 UT WOS:A1997WX95200042 ER PT J AU Marinov, MS Segev, B AF Marinov, MS Segev, B TI Barrier penetration by wave packets and the tunneling times SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRAVERSAL-TIME; REFLECTION TIMES; PATH-INTEGRALS; DWELL TIME; TRANSMISSION; SCATTERING; DELAY; PROBABILITIES AB An interesting analytical expression is obtained for the coordinate probability distribution of a wave packet transmitted through a potential barrier. In the large-time asymptotics the distribution is given in terms of the transmission amplitude and the phase-space quasidistribution of the initial (not necessarily pure) state. The distortion of a (broad) wave packet due to the barrier penetration is determined by two timelike parameters, given by the energy derivative of the complex transmission amplitude. The resulting change of the packet shape reveals a dependence on the detector position and incorporates a possible speed-up effect and a negative dispersion. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Marinov, MS (reprint author), TECHNION ISRAEL INST TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,IL-32000 HAIFA,ISRAEL. NR 55 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1997 VL 55 IS 5 BP 3580 EP 3585 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.3580 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WX952 UT WOS:A1997WX95200044 ER PT J AU Timmermans, E Tommasini, P Huang, K AF Timmermans, E Tommasini, P Huang, K TI Variational thomas-fermi theory of a nonuniform bose condensate at zero temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; ATOMS; GAS AB We derive a description of the spatially inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate, treating the system locally as a homogeneous Bose gas. This approach, similar to the Thomas-Fermi model for the inhomogeneous many-particle fermion system, is well suited to describe the atomic Bose-Einstein condensates that have recently been obtained experimentally through atomic trapping and cooling. In this paper, we confine our attention to the zero-temperature case, although the treatment can be generalized to finite temperatures, as we shall discuss elsewhere. Several features of this approach, which we shall call the Thomas-Fermi-Bogoliubov description, are very attractive. (i) It is simpler than the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov technique. We can obtain analytical results in the case of weakly interacting bosons for quantities such as the chemical potential, the local depletion, pairing, pressure, and density of states. (ii) The method provides an estimate for the error due to the inhomogeneity of the Bose-condensed system. This error is a local quantity so that the validity of the description for a given trap and a given number of trapped atoms can be tested as a function of position. We see, for example, that at the edge of the condensate the Thomas-Fermi Bogoliubov theory always breaks down. (iii) The Thomas-Fermi-Bogoliubov description can be generalized to treat the statistical mechanics of the Bose gas at finite temperatures. C1 MIT,CTR THEORET PHYS,NUCL SCI LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MIT,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP Timmermans, E (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 25 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1997 VL 55 IS 5 BP 3645 EP 3657 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.3645 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WX952 UT WOS:A1997WX95200051 ER PT J AU Abraham, ERI McAlexander, WI Gerton, JM Hulet, RG Cote, R Dalgarno, A AF Abraham, ERI McAlexander, WI Gerton, JM Hulet, RG Cote, R Dalgarno, A TI Triplet s-wave resonance in Li-6 collisions and scattering lengths of Li-6 and Li-7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; ATOMS; GAS; EXCHANGE; LITHIUM; STATES AB The triplet s-wave scattering length of Li-6 is determined using two-photon photoassociative spectroscopy of the diatomic a (3) Sigma(u)(+) State of Li-6(2). The measured binding energy of the highest-lying bound state, combined with knowledge of the potential, determines the s-wave scattering length to be (-2160+/-250)a(0), where a(0) is the Bohr radius. This extraordinarily large scattering length signifies a near-threshold resonance. A complete table of singlet and tripler scattering lengths for collisions involving Li-6 and Li-7 determined from this and our previous spectroscopic investigations is given. C1 RICE UNIV,RICE QUANTUM INST,HOUSTON,TX 77251. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Abraham, ERI (reprint author), RICE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HOUSTON,TX 77251, USA. RI Abraham, Eric/B-5729-2011 NR 25 TC 173 Z9 174 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1997 VL 55 IS 5 BP R3299 EP R3302 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WX952 UT WOS:A1997WX95200004 ER PT J AU Forrey, RC Li, Y Kharchenko, V Dalgarno, A AF Forrey, RC Li, Y Kharchenko, V Dalgarno, A TI Refining molecular potentials using atom interferometry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID REFRACTION; INDEX; MATTER; WAVES AB We present a theoretical study of the index of refraction of argon for the propagation of sodium matter waves. The sensitivity of the index of refraction to the details of the molecular potential curve is analyzed. Our calculations reveal velocity-dependent oscillations in the index of refraction that may be detectable, particularly at low temperatures, in atom interferometry measurements. A procedure for refining molecular potential curves is outlined. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH PHYS,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RP Forrey, RC (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1997 VL 55 IS 5 BP R3311 EP R3314 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WX952 UT WOS:A1997WX95200007 ER PT J AU Osborne, CP Drake, BG LaRoche, J Long, SP AF Osborne, CP Drake, BG LaRoche, J Long, SP TI Does long-term elevation of CO2 concentration increase photosynthesis in forest floor vegetation? Indiana strawberry in a Maryland forest SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VASCULAR PLANTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; QUANTUM YIELD; ACCLIMATION; GROWTH; EXPRESSION; NITROGEN; PROTEINS; RUBISCO AB As the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) in the atmosphere rises, photorespiratory loss of carbon in C-3 photosynthesis will diminish and the net efficiency of light-limited photosynthetic carbon uptake should rise. We tested this expectation for Indiana strawberry (Duchesnea indica) growing on a Maryland forest floor. Open-top chambers were used to elevate the pCO(2) of a forest floor habitat to 67 Pa and were paired with control chambers providing an ambient pCO(2) of 38 Pa. After 3.5 years, D. indica leaves grown and measured in the elevated pCO(2) showed a significantly greater maximum quantum efficiency of net photosynthesis (by 22%) and a lower light compensation point (by 42%) than leaves grown and measured in the control chambers. The quantum efficiency to minimize photorespiration, measured in 1% O-2, was the same for controls and plants grown at elevated pCO(2). This showed that the maximum efficiency of light-energy transduction into assimilated carbon was not altered by acclimation and that the increase in light-limited photosynthesis at elevated pCO(2) was simply a function of the decrease in photorespiration. Acclimation did decrease the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and light-harvesting chlorophyll protein content of the Leaf by more than 30%. These changes were associated with a decreased capacity for light-saturated, but not light-limited, photosynthesis. Even so, leaves of D. indica grown and measured at elevated pCO(2) showed greater light-saturated photosynthetic rates than leaves grown and measured at the current atmospheric pCO(2). In situ measurements under natural forest floor lighting showed large increases in leaf photosynthesis at elevated pCO(2), relative to controls, in both summer and fall. The increase in efficiency of light-limited photosynthesis with elevated pCO(2) allowed positive net photosynthetic carbon uptake on days and at locations on the forest floor that light fluxes were insufficient for positive net photosynthesis in the current atmospheric pCO(2). C1 UNIV ESSEX, JOHN TABOR LABS, DEPT SCI BIOL, COLCHESTER CO4 3SQ, ESSEX, ENGLAND. SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONM RES CTR, EDGEWATER, MD 21037 USA. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT APPL SCI, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; LaRoche, Julie/A-1109-2010 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; NR 33 TC 56 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 114 IS 1 BP 337 EP 344 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WY998 UT WOS:A1997WY99800038 ER PT J AU Fernie, JD Evans, NR AF Fernie, JD Evans, NR TI The supergiant binary BM Cas SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID ZETA AURIGAE; STARS AB Attracted by an earlier claim (Thiessen 1956, ZfAp, 39, 65) that BM Cas is an eclipsing binary with one component a classical Cepheid, we have obtained new photometry and IUE ultraviolet spectra of the system. While we verify that there is variability in addition to the eclipses, we conclude that there is no classical Cepheid present. The variability is irregular, and, since it is present in the UV spectra as well as in the V photometry, we believe it is associated with the hotter component. We find the latter to be a high-luminosity star of spectral type of A6, in close agreement with the MK assignment of A7 Iab (Bidelman 1982, IBVS, No. 2112), and the secondary component to most likely be a late-K or early-M giant. The latter appears; to fill or nearly fill its Roche lobe, while the primary star is not far from doing so as well, implying a complex evolutionary history for the system. C1 YORK UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,N YORK,ON M3J 1P3,CANADA. SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Fernie, JD (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO,DAVID DUNLAP OBSERV,BOX 360,RICHMOND HILL,ON L4C 4Y6,CANADA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 109 IS 735 BP 541 EP 548 DI 10.1086/133911 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WZ251 UT WOS:A1997WZ25100006 ER PT J AU Stark, AA Chamberlin, RA Ingalls, JG Cheng, JQ Wright, G AF Stark, AA Chamberlin, RA Ingalls, JG Cheng, JQ Wright, G TI Optical and mechanical design of the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO), a 1.7 m diameter telescope for astronomy and aeronomy studies at wavelengths between 200 and 3000 mu m, was installed at the South Pole during the 1994-95 Austral summer. The optical design is Gregorian, offset in both azimuth and elevation, with the exit pupil at the chopping tertiary mirror: this arrangement provides for consistent illumination of the primary mirror even when the beam is thrown one degree or more on the sky. Aberrations are minimized by the choice of secondary mirror offset angle. Alignment is accomplished by mechanical means. There is a Coude focus in a warm, spacious receiver room and also a Nasmyth focus. Both the elevation and azimuth axes are driven by two pinion gears with opposed torques to eliminate backlash. The encoders are unusually robust but have high friction, necessitating a stiff coupling. The azimuth limit switch scheme permits 1.5 rotations, but the switches will operate under extreme conditions with no single point of failure. The instrument is now operational with four heterodyne receivers and three acousto-optical spectrometers. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 BOSTON UNIV, DEPT ASTRON, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. AT&T BELL LABS, HOLMDEL, NJ 07733 USA. RP Stark, AA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 68 IS 5 BP 2200 EP 2213 DI 10.1063/1.1148071 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA WZ517 UT WOS:A1997WZ51700047 ER PT J AU Heyman, IM AF Heyman, IM TI Smithsonian perspectives + Patriarch of flight, Paul Garber devoted his career to the preservation of historic aircraft SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material RP Heyman, IM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD MAY PY 1997 VL 28 IS 2 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA WW821 UT WOS:A1997WW82100001 ER PT J AU Uitenbroek, H AF Uitenbroek, H TI The solar Mg II h and k lines - Observations and radiative transfer modeling SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Solar and Heliospheric Plasma Physics CY MAY 13-18, 1996 CL HALKIDIKI, GREECE SP European Phys Soc, Solar Phys Sect, European Astron Soc, European Commiss, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev, Greek Minist Educ, Greek Gen Secretariat Sci & Technol, Greek Natl Comm Astron, Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Univ Ioannina ID PROFILES AB This paper presents observations of the Mg II h and k lines obtained with the UVSP instrument that flew aboard the SMM satellite. Both spatially averaged and resolved observations are compared with calculated profiles of the lines from standard, plane-parallel solar models. The radiative transfer calculations presented take full account of partial frequency redistribution and wavelength overlap of the h and k lines. A comparison between theoretical and observed wing profiles indicates that current one-dimensional models underestimate the temperature in the middle photosphere. The cores of spatially resolved dark intra-network profiles are well reproduced by the model calculations, while the spatially averaged profiles have in general broader emission peaks, indicating that the additional broadening is due to a contribution of magnetic network profiles. RP Uitenbroek, H (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 172 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1023/A:1004981412889 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XL730 UT WOS:A1997XL73000015 ER PT J AU Hershkovitz, MA Zimmer, EA AF Hershkovitz, MA Zimmer, EA TI On the evolutionary origins of the cacti SO TAXON LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; PHYLOGENY; CLASSIFICATION; CENTROSPERMAE; PORTULACACEAE AB Understanding evolutionary responses of plants to desert environments depends upon phylogenetic knowledge of desert plants. The diverse American desert family Cactaceae has been presumed, on the basis of distinctiveness, to be phylogenetically isolated and relatively ancient (> 65 million years old). Using maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses of the rapidly evolving internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA), we show that the cacti are phylogenetically nested among other aridity-adapted lineages of the angiosperm family Portulacaceae. The ITS divergence between pereskioid cacti and the genus Talinum (Portulacaceae) is less than that between many Portulacaceae genera. Synthesis of the ITS data with morphological and chloroplast DNA evidence suggests an origin of cacti in mid-Tertiary, c. 30 million years ago, and a later Tertiary diversification coincident with development of the American desert. This, in turn, implies that the diversification rate in cacti was much higher than in their nearest relatives. The present results illustrate the central role of phylogenetic reconstruction in ecological and evolutionary theory. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM SUPPORT CTR,LAB MOL SYSTEMAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Hershkovitz, MA (reprint author), NATL LIB MED,NATL CTR BIOTECHNOL INFORMAT GENBANK,NIH,BLDG 38A,8600 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20894, USA. RI Zimmer, Elizabeth/G-3890-2011 NR 49 TC 80 Z9 87 U1 7 U2 22 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN BOTANISCHES MUSEUM BERLIN-DAHLEM, KONIGIN-LUISE-STRABE 6-8, D-14191 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD MAY PY 1997 VL 46 IS 2 BP 217 EP 232 DI 10.2307/1224092 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA XD259 UT WOS:A1997XD25900001 ER PT J AU Bartholomew, B Nicolson, DH Nordenstam, B AF Bartholomew, B Nicolson, DH Nordenstam, B TI Author citation of Thunberg's new species in Murray's Systema vegetabilium, ed 14 SO TAXON LA English DT Article AB Carl Peter Thunberg's Florajaponica was published in August 1784, but most of Thunberg's new plant names were also published in Johan Andreas Murray's Systema vegetabilium, ed. 14 which has priority by at least two months. Recent practice has been to cite these names as ''Thunb. ex Murray''. However, Art. 46.2 of the Tohyo Code requires that the authorship of these names be cited as ''Thunb. in Murray'' when a bibliographic citation is given or as just ''Thunb.'' when the names are used without a bibliographic citation. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,DEPT BOT MRC166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. SWEDISH MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT BOT,S-10405 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RP Bartholomew, B (reprint author), CALIF ACAD SCI,DEPT BOT,GOLDEN GATE PK,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94118, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN BOTANISCHES MUSEUM BERLIN-DAHLEM, KONIGIN-LUISE-STRABE 6-8, D-14191 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD MAY PY 1997 VL 46 IS 2 BP 311 EP 314 DI 10.2307/1224099 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA XD259 UT WOS:A1997XD25900008 ER PT J AU Dorr, LJ Leigh, EG Ganzhorn, JU AF Dorr, LJ Leigh, EG Ganzhorn, JU TI Jean Prosper Abraham (1930-1996) SO TAXON LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. DEUTSCH PRIMATENZENTRUM GMBH,D-37077 GOTTINGEN,GERMANY. RP Dorr, LJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT BOT,MRC-166,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI BERLIN PA BOTANISCHER GARTEN BOTANISCHES MUSEUM BERLIN-DAHLEM, KONIGIN-LUISE-STRABE 6-8, D-14191 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD MAY PY 1997 VL 46 IS 2 BP 377 EP 379 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA XD259 UT WOS:A1997XD25900014 ER PT J AU Jennions, MD AF Jennions, MD TI Stability and invasibility of coral communities - Reply SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter C1 UNIT 0948,APO,AA 34002. RP Jennions, MD (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,APARTADO 2072,BALBOA,PANAMA. RI Jennions, Michael/C-7560-2009 OI Jennions, Michael/0000-0001-9221-2788 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 12 IS 5 BP 195 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)84094-3 PG 1 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA WV021 UT WOS:A1997WV02100015 PM 21238036 ER PT J AU Maitra, NT Heller, EJ AF Maitra, NT Heller, EJ TI Barrier tunneling and reflection in the time and energy domains: The battle of the exponentials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PATH-INTEGRALS AB The issue of quantum barrier crossing and reflection in the time domain is addressed. We find that (1) classically forbidden barrier tunneling and above-barrier reflection are well-defined and important processes in the time domain, (2) classically forbidden processes can overshadow allowed ones when both are present, and (3) classically allowed trajectories in the time domain are not, in general, sufficient to explain tunneling amplitudes in the energy domain. We also make clear the essential distinction of barriers which flatten out at large distance and those which do not. C1 HARVARD UNIV,HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Maitra, NT (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 11 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 21 PY 1997 VL 78 IS 16 BP 3035 EP 3038 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3035 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WU621 UT WOS:A1997WU62100002 ER PT J AU Stancil, PC Dalgarno, A AF Stancil, PC Dalgarno, A TI Stimulated radiative association of Li and H in the early universe SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; cosmic microwave background; early universe ID MOLECULES AB The enhancement of the rate coefficient for the radiative association of Li and H to form LiH arising from stimulated emission by the cosmic background radiation field is calculated. It is shown that the effect on the fractional abundance of LiH in the early universe for redshifts z between 1000 and 10 is small. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Stancil, PC (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DEPT PHYS,WM KECK LAB COMPUTAT PHYS,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154, USA. NR 10 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1997 VL 479 IS 2 BP 543 EP 546 DI 10.1086/303920 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WU505 UT WOS:A1997WU50500002 ER PT J AU Kolatt, T Dekel, A AF Kolatt, T Dekel, A TI Large-scale power spectrum from peculiar velocities SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, observations; cosmology, theory; dark matter; galaxies, distances and redshifts; large-scale structure of universe ID CFA REDSHIFT SURVEY; 2-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; DMR SKY MAPS; PRIMORDIAL INHOMOGENEITY; DISTANCE SAMPLES; DENSITY FIELDS; RICH CLUSTERS; DARK-MATTER; GALAXIES; FLUCTUATIONS AB The power spectrum (PS) of mass density fluctuations, in the range 0.05 h Mpc(-1) less than or equal to k less than or equal to 0.2 h Mpc(-1), is derived from the Mark III catalog of peculiar velocities of galaxies, independent of ''biasing.'' It is computed from the density field as recovered by POTENT with Gaussian smoothing of 12 h(-1) Mpc, within a sphere of radius similar to 60 h(-1) Mpc about the Local Group. The density is weighted inversely by the square of the errors. The PS is corrected for the effects of smoothing, random errors, sparse sampling, and finite volume using mock catalogs that mimic in detail the Mark III catalog and the dynamics of our cosmological neighborhood. The mock catalogs are also used for error analysis. The PS at k = 0.1 h Mpc(-1) (for example) is (4.6 +/- 1.4) x 10(3) Omega(-1.2) (h(-1) Mpc)(3), with a local logarithmic slope of -1.45 +/- 0.5. An integration yields sigma(8) Omega(0.6) similar or equal to 0.7-0.8, depending on where the PS peak is. Direct comparisons of the mass PS with the galaxy derived from sky and redshift surveys show a similarity in shape and yield for beta = Omega(0.6)/b values in the range 0.77-1.21, with a typical error of +/-0.1 per galaxy sample. A comparison of the mass PS at similar to 100 h(-1) Mpc with the large-angle cosmic microwave background fluctuations by COBE provides constraints on cosmological parameters and on the slope of the initial PS (n). The ''standard'' cold dark matter model is marginally rejected at the similar to 2 sigma level, while each of the following modifications leads to a good fit: n less than or similar to 1, Omega(nu) similar to 0.3, or Omega less than or similar to 1. Values of Omega as low as similar to 0.2 are ruled out with high confidence (independent of Lambda). C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,RACAH INST PHYS,IL-91904 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP Kolatt, T (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 56 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1997 VL 479 IS 2 BP 592 EP 605 DI 10.1086/303894 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WU505 UT WOS:A1997WU50500007 ER PT J AU Kochanek, CS Falco, EE Schild, R Dobrzycki, A Engels, D Hagen, HJ AF Kochanek, CS Falco, EE Schild, R Dobrzycki, A Engels, D Hagen, HJ TI SBS 0909+532: A new double gravitational lens or binary quasar? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; quasars, individual (SBS 0909+532) ID GALAXIES AB The z = 1.377, B = 17.0 mag quasar SBS 0909+532 A, B is a double with two images separated by Delta theta = 1.'' 107 +/- 0.'' 006. Because the faint image has an emission line at the same wavelength as the Mg II 2798 Angstrom emission line of the quasar, and it lacks the broad Mg Ib absorption feature expected for a star with the same colors (a K star), we conclude that image B is a quasar with similar redshift to image A. The relative probabilities that the double is the smallest separation (4.7 h(-1) kpc for Omega(0) = 1) correlated quasar pair or a gravitational lens are similar to 1:10(6). If the object is a lens, the mean lens redshift is [z(i)ota] = 0.5 with 90% confidence bounds of 0.18 < z(i)ota < 0.83 for Omega(0) = 1. If the lens is an elliptical galaxy, we expect it to be brighter than I < 19.5 mag. The broadband flux ratio varies with wavelength, with Delta I = 0.31, Delta R = 0.58, and Delta B = 1.29 magnitudes, which is difficult to reconcile with the lensing hypothesis. C1 HAMBURGER STERNWARTE,D-21029 HAMBURG,GERMANY. RP Kochanek, CS (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1997 VL 479 IS 2 BP 678 EP 683 DI 10.1086/303922 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WU505 UT WOS:A1997WU50500016 ER PT J AU Stauffer, JR Hartmann, LW Prosser, CF Randich, S Balachandran, S Patten, BM Simon, T Giampapa, M AF Stauffer, JR Hartmann, LW Prosser, CF Randich, S Balachandran, S Patten, BM Simon, T Giampapa, M TI Rotational velocities and chromospheric/coronal activity of low-mass stars in the young open clusters IC 2391 and IC 2602 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations, individual (IC 2391, IC 2602); stars, coronae; stars, chromospheres; stars, evolution; stars, low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars, rotation ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; MAGNETIC BRAKING; IUE OBSERVATIONS; UV CETI; X-RAY; EVOLUTION; ACCRETION; DWARFS; TEMPERATURE AB We have obtained high-resolution, moderate signal-to-noise ratio spectra for approximately 80 candidate low-mass members of the nearby, very young open clusters IC 2391 and IC 2602. Most of the stars observed are confirmed as cluster members based on a combination of photometric and spectroscopic criteria. We provide radial velocities, rotational velocities, and H alpha equivalent widths for these stars. From comparison to theoretical pre-main-sequence (PMS) evolutionary isochrones from D'Antona and Mazzitelli, we derive an estimated age of the two clusters of similar to 25 Myr. By contrast, the usually quoted upper main-sequence turnoff age for the clusters is similar to 35 Myr. We do not believe that this provides evidence for noncoeval star formation within these clusters, but rather that the best age estimate for them given the uncertainties is similar to 30 +/- 5 Myr. In principle, the scatter of stars about the PMS isochrone provides a measure of the age spread among the low-mass stars in these clusters; however, with the data presently available, we are able to derive only a relatively uninteresting upper limit for an age spread of order 20 Myr. We compare the rotational velocity distribution for IC 2391/2602 to that observed for the Pleiades. For the G dwarfs in the IC clusters, we resolve rotation in all but one of the probable cluster members, and thus except for inclination effects, our data provide the complete distribution of rotational velocities for solar mass stars on their arrival on the ZAMS. The projected rotational velocities (v sin i) of the G dwarfs in the two IC clusters span the range from similar to 8 to similar to 200 km s(-1). Comparison of the distribution of rotational velocities for the G dwarfs of the Pleiades and the IC clusters indicates that both the slow and the rapid rotators lose of order half their angular momentum during the first similar to 35 Myr on the main sequence if they rotate as solid bodies. The low-mass stars in these two clusters exhibit a similar correlation between rotation and coronal activity as is found in several other young open clusters. That is, there is a large spread in coronal activity for stars with v sin i < 25 km s(-1), where we assume there is an intrinsic link between increasing rotation and increasing activity superimposed upon which are a variety of observational and physical mechanisms that act to smear out this relation; above v sin i similar to 25 km s(-1), all of the low-mass stars have log (L-X/L-bol) similar to -3.0, the canonical ''saturation'' limit. Our measurements of the H alpha equivalent widths are consistent with a similar relationship holding for chromospheric activity. One and possibly two of our spectra for M dwarf members of the IC clusters show broad wings for the H alpha profile, which we attribute to a flare event or to microflares. Since spectra of a small sample of late-type M dwarfs in the Pleiades also showed similarly broad H alpha wings, this suggests that flare frequencies for very young M dwarfs may be quite high. C1 EUROPEAN SO OBSERV,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ASTRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. SMITH COLL,FIVE COLL ASTRON DEPT,NORTHAMPTON,MA 01063. UNIV HAWAII,INST ASTRON,HONOLULU,HI 96822. NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,NATL SOLAR OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85726. RP Stauffer, JR (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. OI Randich, Sofia/0000-0003-2438-0899 NR 70 TC 156 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1997 VL 479 IS 2 BP 776 EP 791 DI 10.1086/303930 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WU505 UT WOS:A1997WU50500025 ER PT J AU Krockenberger, M Sasselov, DD Noyes, RW AF Krockenberger, M Sasselov, DD Noyes, RW TI Radii and distances of cepheids .1. Method and measurement errors SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cepheids; stars, fundamental parameters; stars, oscillations ID BAADE-WESSELINK METHOD; FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS; VELOCITY; VARIABLES AB We develop a formulation of the Baade-Wesselink method which uses the Fourier coefficients of the observables. We derive an explicit, analytic expression to determine the mean radius from each Fourier order. The simplicity of this method allows us to derive the uncertainty in the mean radius due to measurement errors. Using simulations and a recent data set we demonstrate that the precision of the radius measurement with optical magnitudes is in most cases limited by the accuracy of the measurement of the phase difference between the light and the color index curve. In this case it is advantageous to determine the inverse radius, because it has normal errors. RP Krockenberger, M (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,MS 10,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1997 VL 479 IS 2 BP 875 EP 885 DI 10.1086/303892 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WU505 UT WOS:A1997WU50500033 ER PT J AU Liu, WH AF Liu, WH TI Molecules in Type Ia supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE molecular processes; radiative transfer; supernovae, general ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; RADIATIVE ASSOCIATION; ENERGY DEPOSITION; SN-1987A; C+ AB Mechanisms for formation and destruction of molecules in Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are explored and contrasted with those in Type II supernovae (SNe II). In the absence of grains, molecular formation in the highly ionized ejecta is initiated by radiative association and radiative attachment. The molecules are destroyed by charge transfer and by energetic electron impact. The molecular abundances are calculated for the elemental compositions given by SNe Ia models. SNe Ia are an unfavorable environment for molecular formation because of the low gas density and the high-ionization fraction in the ejecta, and the masses of the molecules formed in SNe Ia are many orders of magnitude lower than those in SNe II. It is concluded that molecular formation should have no significant effect on the physical properties of SNe Ia, which is in sharp contrast with the case of SNe II. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Liu, WH (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 1997 VL 479 IS 2 BP 907 EP 911 DI 10.1086/303927 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WU505 UT WOS:A1997WU50500036 ER PT J AU Emry, RJ Wang, BY Tjutkova, LA Lucas, SG AF Emry, RJ Wang, BY Tjutkova, LA Lucas, SG TI A late Eocene eomyid rodent from the Zaysan basin of Kazakhstan SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Symplokeomys zaysanicus is a new genus and species of eomyid rodent from the upper part of the Aksyir Formation of the Zaysan Basin, eastern Kazakhstan. The new taxon differs from other eomyids in having a complex pattern of interconnecting lophules within the central basin of its cheek teeth. Other mammals from the Aksyir Formation indicate an Ergilian (late Eocene) age. C1 ACAD SINICA,INST VERTEBRATE PALEONTOL & PALEOANTHROPOL,BEIJING 100044,PEOPLES R CHINA. NATL ACAD SCI REPUBL KAZAKHSTAN,INST ZOOL,ALMATY 480032,KAZAKHSTAN. NEW MEXICO MUSEUM NAT HIST,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87104. RP Emry, RJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 401 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-4267 SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD APR 16 PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA XX277 UT WOS:A1997XX27700019 ER PT J AU Lucas, SG Emry, RJ Bayshashov, BU AF Lucas, SG Emry, RJ Bayshashov, BU TI Eocene Perissodactyla from the Shinzhaly river, eastern Kazakhstan SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A fossil mammal locality on the eastern bank of the Shinzhaly River, eastern Kazakhstan, is a bone bad in the Kolpak Formation that has produced three taxa of ceratomorph perissodactyls, the hyracodontid Forstercooperia minuta Lucas, Schoch, and Manning, the deperetellid Teleolophus beliajevae Biryukov (which we consider to be a junior subjective synonym of T. medius Matthew and Granger and the lophialetid Eoletes gracilis Biryukov. Eoletes is dentally indistinguishable from Lophialetes, but cranial features, especially the shallow nasal incision (only to above the upper canine) and large supraorbital bar of Eoletes, allow the two genera to be distinguished. Simplaletes Qi is a junior subjective synonym of Schlosseria Matthew and Granger, and we reassign Simplaletes xianensis Zhang and Qi, from the middle Eocene? of Shaanxi, China to Eoletes as E. xianensis. A re-evaluation of some character states used in a previous cladistic analysis suggests that Eoletes, Lophialetes, and Schlosseria form an unresolved trichtomy, so we recommend abandonment of the term Eoletidae Schoch. Because Eoletes and Lophialetes are impossible to distinguish solely on the basis of teeth, Eoletes may be represented by some Mongolian and Chinese dentitions referred customarily to Lophialetes but that lack associated diagnostic cranial material. This possibility, and the presence of F. minuta and T. medius at Shinzhaly, support the middle Eocene (Irdinmanhan) age of the Kolpak Formation bone bed. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST, NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, DEPT PALEOBIOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. AKADEMGORODOK, INST ZOOL, ALMATY 480032, KAZAKHSTAN. RP Lucas, SG (reprint author), NEW MEXICO MUSEUM NAT HIST & SCI, 1801 MT RD NW, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87104 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD APR 16 PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1 BP 235 EP 246 PG 12 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA XX277 UT WOS:A1997XX27700020 ER PT J AU Aiello, A AF Aiello, A TI An inordinate fondness for beetles - Evans,AV, Bellamy,CL SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Aiello, A (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN TROP RES INST,BALBOA,PANAMA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 7 BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA WT910 UT WOS:A1997WT91000020 ER PT J AU Tyler, DM Tyler, JC AF Tyler, DM Tyler, JC TI A new species of chaenopsid fish, Emblemariopsis ruetzleri, from the western Caribbean off Belize (Blennioidei) with notes on its life history SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID PISCES AB A new species of Emblemariopsis is described from the shallow waters around Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Emblemariopsis ruetzleri differs from other species of the genus in having a combination of 14 pectoral-fin rays and a low supraorbital cirrus, whereas the other two species with 14 pectoral-fin rays (E. pricei and E. randalli) have no supraorbital cirri. Sexually mature males of the new species are dark headed and live in holes in coral (usually dead coral), whereas females and immature males are pale and surface dwelling. The new species is diminutive, with an average size of 14.5 mm SL for the 35 dark-headed and sexually mature territorial males collected from holes (largest specimen 19.4 mm SL). C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,MRC106,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Tyler, DM (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,MRC950,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 1 BP 24 EP 38 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA WV254 UT WOS:A1997WV25400003 ER PT J AU Kensley, B Ortiz, M Schotte, M AF Kensley, B Ortiz, M Schotte, M TI New records of marine Isopoda from Cuba (Crustacea: Peracarida) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Seven new species are described from localities on both the north and south coasts of Cuba: Cyathura (Cyathura) esquivel, Mesanthura frances, Joeropsis juvenilis, Joeropsis unidentata, Dynamenella nuevitas, Paraimene ibarzabalae, Paraimene tumulus. Several new records, including Carpias harietae, Caecijaera horvathi, and Sphaeromopsis mourei are noted. The material was collected from a range of habitats, including shallow coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass beds, coastal lagoons, river mouths, rocky and sandy shore inter-/and shallow infratidal areas. C1 UNIV LA HABANA, CTR INVEST MARINAS, HAVANA, CUBA. RP Kensley, B (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 1 BP 74 EP 98 PG 25 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA WV254 UT WOS:A1997WV25400009 ER PT J AU Lalana, R Kornicker, LS AF Lalana, R Kornicker, LS TI Amboleberis cubensis, a new species of myodocopine ostracode from the vicinity of Cuba (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Cylindroleberididae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB A new species of myodocopine ostracode, Amboleberis cubensis, in the Family Cylindroleberididae collected near Los Dromedarios Key, off the north coast of Cuba, is described and illustrated. C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP Lalana, R (reprint author), UNIV LA HABANA,CTR INVEST MARINAS,HAVANA,CUBA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 1 BP 107 EP 114 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA WV254 UT WOS:A1997WV25400011 ER PT J AU Child, CA AF Child, CA TI Some deep-sea Pycnogonida from Argentine slope and basin SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Five stations from the Argentine Slope and Basin in the South Atlantic resulted in a rich collection of thirteen pycnogonid species, the majority new to that area of the Atlantic Ocean. Ten of the thirteen species are from the family Nymphonidae and four of these are new: Heteronymphon caecigenum, Nymphon centrum, N. dentiferum, and N. vacans. Distributions are given for all species along with pertinent remarks. The new species are described, illustrated, and compared with likely congeners. The new species are described, illustrated, and compared with likely congeners. One additional species, Nymphon scotiae, is illustrated to contribute to knowledge of it morphology where the type figures were diagramatic and not entirely accurate. RP Child, CA (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 110 IS 1 BP 128 EP 142 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA WV254 UT WOS:A1997WV25400013 ER PT J AU Chalfoun, DJ Tuross, N AF Chalfoun, DJ Tuross, N TI The effect of heating on biomolecule preservation in barley seed. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 12 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503455 ER PT J AU Stutz, AJ Tuross, N AF Stutz, AJ Tuross, N TI Burning signatures preserved in non-collagenous protein residues from Pleistocene-age archaeological bone. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 15 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503458 ER PT J AU Tuross, N Stutz, AJ AF Tuross, N Stutz, AJ TI What remains in subfossil done after collagen is gone SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 16 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503459 ER PT J AU Fogel, ML Tuross, N AF Fogel, ML Tuross, N TI Nitrogen isotopic compositions of individual amino acids from human bone collagen measured by on-line GC-IRM-MS. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. SMITHSONIAN INST,SUITLAND,MD 20746. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 18 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503461 ER PT J AU Shawl, CE Fogel, ML Tuross, N AF Shawl, CE Fogel, ML Tuross, N TI Isotopic fractionation in collagen from bone cell cultures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. SMITHSONIAN INST,CONSERVAT ANALYT LAB,SUITLAND,MD 20746. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 19 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503462 ER PT J AU Taylor, JJ Joel, EC Goodway, M Vocke, RD AF Taylor, JJ Joel, EC Goodway, M Vocke, RD TI Geological implications of the lead isotope data on ores from the Great Orme mine, North Wales SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV LIVERPOOL,SACOS,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. NIST,DIV ANALYT CHEM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. SMITHSONIAN INST,CAL,MSC,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 34 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503477 ER PT J AU Haarsma, DB Hewitt, JN Lehar, J Burke, BF AF Haarsma, DB Hewitt, JN Lehar, J Burke, BF TI The 6 centimeter light curves of B0957+561, 1979-1994: New features and implications for the time delay SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology, observations; gravitational lensing; methods, numerical; quasars, individual (B0957+561) ID GRAVITATIONAL LENS SYSTEM; DOUBLE QUASAR 0957+561; TWIN QSO Q0957+561; QSO-0957+561; OBJECTS AB We report on 15 years of VLA monitoring of the gravitational lens B0957 + 561 at 6 cm. Since our last report in 1992, there have been 32 additional observations, in which both images have returned to their quiescent flux density levels and the A image has brightened again. We estimate the time delay from the light curves using three different techniques: structure function analysis with chi(2) fitting, dispersion analysis, and a discrete correlation function. Confidence intervals for these time delay estimates are found using Monte Carlo techniques. With the addition of the new observations, it has become obvious that five observations from spring 1990 are not consistent with the statistical properties of the rest of the light curves, so we analyze the light curves with those points removed, as well as the complete light curves. The three statistical techniques applied to the two versions of the data set result in time delay values in the range 398-461 days (or 1.09-1.26 yr, A leading B), each with similar to 5% formal uncertainty. The corresponding flux ratios (B/A) are in the range 0.695-0.704. Thus, the new features in the light curve show that the time delay is less than 500 days, in contrast with analysis of earlier versions of the radio light curves. The large range in the time delay estimates is primarily due to unfortunate coincidences of observing gaps with flux variations. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Haarsma, DB (reprint author), MIT,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 50 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 1997 VL 479 IS 1 BP 102 EP 118 DI 10.1086/303860 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WR660 UT WOS:A1997WR66000010 ER PT J AU Torres, G Stefanik, RP Latham, DW AF Torres, G Stefanik, RP Latham, DW TI The Hyades binary Finsen 342 (70 tauri): A double-lined spectroscopic orbit, the distance to the cluster, and the mass-luminosity relation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries, spectroscopic; binaries, visual; open clusters and associations, individual (Hyades); stars, fundamental parameters; stars, individual (70 Tauri); stars, luminosity function, mass function ID ICCD SPECKLE OBSERVATIONS; PIC-DU-MIDI; VISUAL DOUBLE STARS; PEAK 4-M TELESCOPE; KITT-PEAK; INTERFEROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES; LUNAR OCCULTATIONS; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; STELLAR MODELS AB We present new radial velocity measurements for both components of the close (rho approximate to 0.1'') visual binary Finsen 342 (phi 342) in the Hyades. Fire combine speckle and visual observations with our velocities to derive an astrometric-spectroscopic orbital solution. This yields individual masses for the stars (M(A) = 1.363 +/- 0.073 M. and M(B) = 1.253 +/- 0.075 M.) as well as an orbital parallax for the system (pi(orb) = 0.02144'' +/- 0.00067''). We use relative proper motions to transfer this orbital parallax to 53 representative cluster members and derive a distance to the cluster of 47.4 +/- 2.3 pc (m - M = 3.38 +/- 0.11), which is only 1% closer than the cluster distance derived recently by Torres, Stefanik, & Latham from the orbital parallax for 51 Tauri, another astrometric-spectroscopic binary in the Hyades. We compare the masses and luminosities we derive for phi 342, along with those of two other binaries in the Hyades (nu B 22 and 51 Tau), with isochrones computed for the cluster and find that there is good agreement for an age of 630 Myr and metallicity Z = 0.027. Because the distances to these binaries have been determined directly, no arbitrary shifts have been applied, as is usually done when fitting main sequences. These results therefore provide a fundamental test of the mass-luminosity relation as predicted by recent stellar evolution models. RP Torres, G (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 93 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 1997 VL 479 IS 1 BP 268 EP 278 DI 10.1086/303879 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WR660 UT WOS:A1997WR66000023 ER PT J AU Ingalls, JG Chamberlin, RA Bania, TM Jackson, JM Lane, AP Stark, AA AF Ingalls, JG Chamberlin, RA Bania, TM Jackson, JM Lane, AP Stark, AA TI Atomic carbon in southern hemisphere high-latitude clouds SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM, abundances; ISM, atoms; ISM, clouds; ISM, molecules; infrared, ISM, lines and bands ID MOLECULAR CLOUDS; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; INFRARED-EMISSION; CO; DIFFUSE; MBM-12; GALAXY; CIRRUS; SOLAR AB We report the detection of atomic carbon in a sample of eight southern hemisphere high Galactic latitude molecular clouds, using the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory. The 492 GHz (P-3(1) --> P-3(0)) transition of [C I] was detected in all of the clouds observed. The C/CO column density ratio ranges from 0.4 to 2.5 and is similar to the values previously measured in high-latitude clouds MBM 12 and HT) 210121. For all 10 high-latitude clouds observed in [C I], C/CO averages similar to 1.2 and decreases with increasing total gas column density N-H, as predicted by translucent cloud models. Quantitative comparison with chemical models of homogeneous clouds is unsatisfactory, however, and we conclude that the clumpy structure of clouds must be taken into account in order to interpret the data properly. C1 SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Ingalls, JG (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,725 COMMONWEALTH AVE,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. RI Bania, Thomas/H-2318-2014 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 1997 VL 479 IS 1 BP 296 EP 302 DI 10.1086/303876 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WR660 UT WOS:A1997WR66000026 ER PT J AU Rybicki, GB AF Rybicki, GB TI Properties of statistical equilibrium equations: Positivity and uniqueness SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; line, formation; methods, analytical; molecular processes; radiative transfer ID MULTILEVEL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; LAMBDA ITERATION METHOD; CONTINUUM AB While linear statistical equilibrium equations play an important role in the description of nonequilibrium processes in astrophysics, some of their basic mathematical properties, such as uniqueness and positivity, have not been fully explored. In this paper these properties are related to concepts of connectivity from the theory of continuous-time Markov chains. For the irreducible case (in which every state is connected to every other state, either directly or through intermediate states), the solution is shown to be positive and unique when one positive normalization condition is provided. It is then shown how a general linear statistical equilibrium problem can be reduced by dividing the system into inessential and essential states and then partitioning the latter into separate irreducible subproblems. It is shown that: (1) The inessential states all have zero populations. If a positive normalization condition is imposed separately on each irreducible subproblem, then (2) the essential states all have positive populations and (3) the overall solution is unique. RP Rybicki, GB (reprint author), HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,60 GARDEN ST,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 1997 VL 479 IS 1 BP 357 EP 362 DI 10.1086/303877 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WR660 UT WOS:A1997WR66000035 ER PT J AU Brickhouse, NS Esser, R AF Brickhouse, NS Esser, R TI Effects of high ion temperatures on spectral line diagnostics in the source region of the high-speed solar wind SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; solar wind; Sun, corona ID FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; FE-XIV; ATOMIC DATA; PROTON EXCITATION; CORONAL HOLE; IRON; RATES; EQUILIBRIUM; INTENSITIES; IONIZATION AB Theoretical work on solar wind acceleration has suggested that the proton and electron temperatures at the base of the solar coronal hole region are not thermally equilibrated but that instead the proton temperature may exceed the electron temperature significantly. Recently, Kohl, Strachan, & Gardner have measured both broad and narrow components of the H Ly alpha profile and have suggested that the broad component may be the signature of high proton temperatures, similar to 4-6 x 10(6) K or more. Since proton impact excitation can contribute to the emission line excitation processes, high proton temperatures have important implications for some spectral line emissivities that are useful for electron temperature and density determinations. The diagnostics most affected are those which art: sensitive to the distribution of population within the fine structure of the ground state configuration. We discuss selected case studies. For modest proton temperatures (T-p 3T(e)) we have found effects on temperature diagnostics to be less than 30% but effects on some density diagnostics may be as large as 1 order of magnitude. RP SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYS OBSERV, 60 GARDEN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 1997 VL 479 IS 1 BP 470 EP 476 DI 10.1086/303863 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WR660 UT WOS:A1997WR66000048 ER PT J AU McCoy, TJ AF McCoy, TJ TI Exobiology - A lively debate SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP McCoy, TJ (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,MRC 119,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 10 PY 1997 VL 386 IS 6625 BP 557 EP 558 DI 10.1038/386557a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WT273 UT WOS:A1997WT27300033 PM 9121576 ER EF