FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Rick, TC Walker, PL Willis, LM Noah, AC Erlandson, JM Vellanoweth, RL Braje, TJ Kennett, DJ AF Rick, Torben C. Walker, Phillip L. Willis, Lauren M. Noah, Anna C. Erlandson, Jon M. Vellanoweth, Rene L. Braje, Todd J. Kennett, Douglas J. TI Dogs, humans and island ecosystems: the distribution, antiquity and ecology of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) on California's Channel Islands, USA SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE Dogs; palaeoecology; human environmental impacts; zooarchaeology; Canis familiaris; Channel Islands; Holocene ID SAN-MIGUEL ISLAND; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; WORLD DOGS; HOLOCENE; ORIGIN; DISTURBANCE; ARCHAEOLOGY; EXTINCTION; CHRONOLOGY; RESPONSES AB Archaeologists have made significant contributions to our understanding of ancient island environments, including the timing and implications of the introduction of non-native animals (pigs, chickens, rats, etc.) by humans. Here, we focus on the historical ecology and biogeography of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) on California's Channel Islands during the Holocene. Dogs are the only animal known unequivocally to have been introduced by Native Americans to the islands, but relatively little is known about their distribution, antiquity or influence on native island fauna and flora. We identified a minimum of 96 dogs from 42 archaeological sites on six of the eight islands. Dogs were present for at least 6000 years and appear to have increased in abundance through time. Our analysis suggests that dogs, along with humans and island foxes (Urocyon littoralis), would have had an impact on native animals and ecosystems, especially breeding birds and marine mammals, togs and island foxes likely competed with one another for food, however, and the impacts of dogs on island ecosystems may have been reduced by the presence of island foxes and the symbiotic relationship between dogs and humans. Dogs have been removed from all but one of the islands today, eliminating one of the few terrestrial carnivores present for most of the Holocene. C1 [Rick, Torben C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Willis, Lauren M.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Anthropol, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Walker, Phillip L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Noah, Anna C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cotsen Inst Archaeol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Museum Nat & Cultural Hist, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.; Braje, Todd J.; Kennett, Douglas J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Vellanoweth, Rene L.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Rick, TC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM trick@smu.edu RI Kennett, Douglas/I-7613-2015; OI Kennett, Douglas/0000-0001-5133-9010; Erlandson, Jon/0000-0002-4705-4319 FU Channel Islands National Park; National Science Foundation; Western National Parks Association; University of Oregon and Southern Methodist University FX We thank Ann Huston, Kelly Minas, Don Morris, Mark Senning and Ian Williams of Channel Islands National Park for supporting our research and enhancing our understanding of island ecology and natural history. Steve Schwartz supported our research on San Nicolas and San Miguel islands and our work on the northern Channel Islands has been supported by Channel Islands National Park, the National Science Foundation, Western National Parks Association, the University of Oregon and Southern Methodist University. Roger Colten provided data on some of the dog remains from Santa Cruz Island. We are also indebted to Paul Collins and Dan Guthrie for discussions that deepened our understanding of island ecology and palaeoecology. We thank Virginia Butler and William Keegan for thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Finally, we thank anonymous reviewers and the editors and staff of The Holocene for help in the review and production of this manuscript. NR 99 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 11 U2 34 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD NOV PY 2008 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1077 EP 1087 DI 10.1177/0959683608095579 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 364ME UT WOS:000260339000006 ER PT J AU Greenberg, R Kozlenko, A Etterson, M Dietsch, T AF Greenberg, Russell Kozlenko, Anna Etterson, Matthew Dietsch, Thomas TI Patterns of density, diversity, and the distribution of migratory strategies in the Russian boreal forest avifauna SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Boreal forest birds; community convergence; migratory strategies; Palaearctic; Russian birds; Russian Far East; Siberian birds; spatial autocorrelation; taiga; tropical migrants ID FOLIAGE-GLEANING BIRDS; SPECIES-RICHNESS; BREEDING DISTRIBUTION; MIGRANT BIRDS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; TEMPERATE; ISLANDS; ENERGY AB Aim Comparisons of the biotas in the Palaearctic and Nearctic have focused on limited portions of the two regions. The purpose of this study was to assess the geographic pattern in the abundance, species richness, and importance of different migration patterns of the boreal forest avifauna of Eurasia from Europe to East Asia as well as their relationship to climate and forest productivity. We further examine data from two widely separated sites in the New World to see how these conform to the patterns found in the Eurasian system. Location Boreal forest sites in Russia and Canada. Methods Point counts were conducted in two to four boreal forest habitats at each of 14 sites in the Russian boreal forest from near to the Finnish border to the Far East, as well as at two sites in boreal Canada. We examined the abundance and species richness of all birds, and specific migratory classes, against four gradients (climate, primary productivity, latitude, and longitude). We tested for spatial autocorrelation in both dependent and independent variables using Moran's I to develop spatial correlograms. For each migratory class we used maximum likelihood to fit models, first assuming uncorrelated residuals and then assuming spatially autocorrelated residuals. For models assuming unstructured residuals we again generated correlograms on model residuals to determine whether model fitting removed spatial autocorrelation. Models were compared using Akaike's information criterion, adjusted for small sample size. Results Overall abundance was highest at the eastern and western extremes of the survey region and lowest at the continent centre, whereas the abundance of tropical and short-distance migrants displayed an east-west gradient, with tropical migrants increasing in abundance in the east (and south), and short-distance migrants in the west. Although overall species richness showed no geographic pattern, richness within migratory classes showed patterns weaker than, but similar to, their abundance patterns described above. Overall abundance was correlated with climate variables that relate to continentality. The abundances of birds within different migration strategies were correlated with a second climatic gradient - increasing precipitation from west to east. Models using descriptors of location generally had greater explanatory value for the abundance and species-richness response variables than did those based on climate data and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Main conclusions The distribution patterns for migrant types were related to both climatic and locational variables, and thus the patterns could be explained by either climatic regime or the accessibility of winter habitats, both historically and currently. Non-boreal wintering habitat is more accessible from both the western and eastern ends than from the centre of the boreal forest belt, but the tropics are most accessible from the eastern end of the Palaearctic boreal zone, in terms of distance and the absence of geographical barriers. Based on comparisons with Canadian sites, we recommend that future comparative studies between Palaearctic and Nearctic faunas be focused more on Siberia and the Russian Far East, as well as on central and western Canada. C1 [Greenberg, Russell; Kozlenko, Anna; Etterson, Matthew; Dietsch, Thomas] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Greenberg, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM greenbergr@si.edu FU Pew Fellowship for Biodiversity and the Environment FX The following observers conducted surveys in the Russian Nature Reserves: Kivach - M. Yacovleva and A. V. Suchov; Pinejskyi - A. M. Rykov; Pechora- Ilichski - V. V. Teplov; Visim - E. G. Larin; Malaya Sosva - V. D. Lichvar; Barguzin A. Ananin; Baykalskiy - V. V. Baskakov; Visimskiy - D. Polushkin; Sikhote- Alin - S. Yelsukov; and Komsomolskiy V. A. Kolbin. M. L. Cumberpatch of the NOAA Library helped track down climatic data bases. We thank the Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Animal Ecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in particular Katya Preobzazhenskaya and Oleg Bursky for providing housing and logistical support for work in Myrnoe and Kostromomskaya field stations. Anwar Kerimov hosted us at the Zvenigorod field station. The following people assisted in gathering data for this project: Mark Amberle, Sam Droege, Todd Easterla, Jennifer Gammon, Gjon Hazard, Richard Hoyer, Vitali Kontorschikov, and Olga Romanenko. Mario Castellanos assisted with figure preparation. A Pew Fellowship for Biodiversity and the Environment provided funding to the senior author. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2049 EP 2060 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01954.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 359VK UT WOS:000260016000010 ER PT J AU Anker, A De Grave, S AF Anker, Arthur De Grave, Sammy TI ZUZALPHEUS RIOS AND DUFFY, 2007: A JUNIOR SYNONYM OF SYNALPHEUS BATE, 1888 (DECAPODA: ALPHEIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caridea; taxonomy; Synalpheus; Zuzalpheus ID SPONGE-DWELLING SHRIMP; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; FIDDLER-CRABS; CRUSTACEA; GENUS; PENAEUS; PALAEMONIDAE; TAXONOMY; CARIDEA; BELIZE AB The genus Zuzalpheus Rios and Duffy, 2007 was established for species of the presumably monophyletic Synalpheus gambarelloides species group of the second-most speciose alpheid genus. Synalpheus Bate, 1888. However, the validity of Zuzalpheus as a distinct genus is questionnable. First, Zuzalpheus is embedded within Synalpheus in a previously published phylogeny of Synalpheus based on molecular and morphological data, marking Synalpheus paraphyletic. Secondly, the three morphological characters used by Rios and Duffy (2007) to distinguish these two genera are minor compared to distinctions among other alpheid genera; only two of these characters can be considered valid, and only tentatively so. Therefore, Zuzalpheus is synonimized with Synalpheus. However, Zuzalpheus does remain an available name, which could be used in a future subgeneric classification based on a comprehensive phylogenetic assessment of Synalpheus. C1 [Anker, Arthur] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. [De Grave, Sammy] Univ Oxford, Museum Nat Hist, Oxford OX1 3PW, England. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM ankera@si.edu; sammy.degrave@oum.ox.ac.uk OI De Grave, Sammy/0000-0002-2437-2445 NR 67 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 EI 1937-240X J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 735 EP 740 DI 10.1651/07-2969.1 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 371PO UT WOS:000260843600019 ER PT J AU Russo, EB Jiang, HE Li, X Sutton, A Carboni, A del Bianco, F Mandolino, G Potter, DJ Zhao, YX Bera, S Zhang, YB Lu, EG Ferguson, DK Hueber, F Zhao, LC Liu, CJ Wang, YF Li, CS AF Russo, Ethan B. Jiang, Hong-En Li, Xiao Sutton, Alan Carboni, Andrea del Bianco, Francesca Mandolino, Giuseppe Potter, David J. Zhao, You-Xing Bera, Subir Zhang, Yong-Bing Lue, En-Guo Ferguson, David K. Hueber, Francis Zhao, Liang-Cheng Liu, Chang-Jiang Wang, Yu-Fei Li, Cheng-Sen TI Phytochemical and genetic analyses of ancient cannabis from Central Asia SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID YANGHAI TOMBS; SATIVA L; CANNABACEAE; CHINA; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; XINJIANG AB The Yanghai Tombs near Turpan, Xinjiang-Uighur Autonomous Region, China have recently been excavated to reveal the 2700-year-old grave of a Caucasoid shaman whose accoutrements included a large cache of cannabis, superbly preserved by climatic and burial conditions. A multidisciplinary international team demonstrated through botanical examination, phytochemical investigation, and genetic deoxyribonucleic acid analysis by polymerase chain reaction that this material contained tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive component of cannabis, its oxidative degradation product, cannabinol, other metabolites, and its synthetic enzyme, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, as well as a novel genetic variant with two single nucleotide polymorphisms. The cannabis was presumably employed by this culture as a medicinal or psychoactive agent, or an aid to divination. To our knowledge, these investigations provide the oldest documentation of cannabis as a pharmacologically active agent, and contribute to the medical and archaeological record of this pre-Silk Road culture. C1 [Russo, Ethan B.; Sutton, Alan; Potter, David J.] GW Pharmaceut, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. [Russo, Ethan B.] Univ Montana, Fac Affiliate, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Jiang, Hong-En; Liu, Chang-Jiang; Wang, Yu-Fei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Hong-En; Li, Xiao; Zhang, Yong-Bing; Li, Cheng-Sen] Bur Cultural Rel Turpan Prefecture, Turpan 838000, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Carboni, Andrea; del Bianco, Francesca; Mandolino, Giuseppe] CRA Ctr Recerca Colture Ind, I-40128 Bologna, Italy. [Zhao, You-Xing] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, State Key Lab Phytochem & Plant Resources W China, Kunming 650204, Peoples R China. [Bera, Subir] Univ Calcutta, Dept Bot, Kolkata 700019, W Bengal, India. [Lue, En-Guo] Xinjiang Inst Archaeol, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. [Ferguson, David K.] Univ Vienna, Inst Palaeontol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Hueber, Francis] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Zhao, Liang-Cheng] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Biol Sci & Biotechnol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Li, Cheng-Sen] Beijing Museum Nat Hist, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. RP Russo, EB (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM erusso@gwpharm.com; lics@ibcas.ac.cn; lics@ibcas.ac.cn FU Chinese Academy of Sciences; GW Pharmaceuticals FX The authors are grateful to the Chinese Academy of Sciences and GW Pharmaceuticals for support of the project. Kim Laughton facilitated communication and logistics between the Chinese authorities and the British Home Office for exportation and importation of the ancient cannabis. Daniel Adams, Laura-Jane Everitt, and Helen Keogh performed phytochemical analytical preparation, supervised by Peter Gibson. Ying Li provided translation and logistical support to EBR during field work in Xinjiang. Gregory Gerdeman is thanked for his helpful review of the article, as are the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. No competing financial interests were operative in this study. NR 53 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 EI 1460-2431 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 59 IS 15 BP 4171 EP 4182 DI 10.1093/jxb/ern260 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 377VO UT WOS:000261280000010 PM 19036842 ER PT J AU Chen, JQ Bridgham, S Keller, J Pastor, J Noormets, A Weltzin, JF AF Chen, Jiquan Bridgham, Scott Keller, Jason Pastor, John Noormets, Asko Weltzin, Jake F. TI Temperature Responses to Infrared-Loading and Water Table Manipulations in Peatland Mesocosms SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE global change; infrared; mesocosm; peatlands; warming experiment; water table ID NORTHERN PEATLANDS; WARMING EXPERIMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM; WETLANDS; ENERGY; CARBON; MICROCLIMATE; COMMUNITY; BALANCE AB We initiated a multi-factor global change experiment to explore the effects of infrared heat loading (HT) and water table level (WL) treatment on soil temperature (T) in bog and fen peatland mesocosms. We found that the temperature varied highly by year, month, peatland type, soil depth, HT and WL manipulations. The highest effect of HT on the temperature at 25 cm depth was found in June for the bog mesocosms (3.34-4.27 degrees C) but in May for the fen mesocosms (2.32-4.33 degrees C) over the 2-year study period. The effects of WL in the bog mesocosms were only found between August and January, with the wet mesocosms warmer than the dry mesocosms by 0.48-2.03 degrees C over the 2-year study period. In contrast, wetter fen mesocosms were generally cooler by 0.16-3.87 degrees C. Seasonal changes of temperatures elevated by the HT also varied by depth and ecosystem type, with temperature differences at 5 cm and 10 cm depth showing smaller seasonal fluctuations than those at 25 cm and 40 cm in the bog mesocosms. However, increased HT did not always lead to warmer soil, especially in the fen mesocosms. Both HT and WL manipulations have also changed the length of the non-frozen season. C1 [Chen, Jiquan; Noormets, Asko] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Bridgham, Scott] Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Keller, Jason] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Pastor, John] Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol Sci, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Weltzin, Jake F.] Natl Phenol Network, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Chen, JQ (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM jiquan.chen@utoledo.edu RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Pastor, John/F-6241-2011 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9072 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1484 EP 1496 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00757.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 364LI UT WOS:000260336800014 PM 19017134 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M AF Yasuhara, Moriaki TI Holocene ostracod palaeobiogeography of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan: impact of opening of the strait SO JOURNAL OF MICROPALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostracoda; Holocene; palaeobiogeography; sea-level change; Japan ID OSAKA BAY; ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION; HIROSHIMA BAY; MARINE; RECONSTRUCTION; EUTROPHICATION; ASSEMBLAGES AB In this study, published Holocene ostracod data for Osaka, Hiroshima, and lyo-nada Bays within the Seto Inland Sea (SIS), Japan, are re-examined. Five major faunal changes are recognized at different stratigraphic horizons (Horizons 1-5) in the Holocene sedimentary record. Horizons I and 5 (faunal changes) were most likely triggered by the respective openings of the Bisan-seto (and resulting formation of the SIS) and Akashi Straits. Three other major faunal changes, at Horizons 2-4, may also be linked to the opening of straits and resulting formation of bays, although the exact nature of these events is less certain. This re-examination indicates that the opening of straits extensively affected the benthic inner-bay community during the Holocene transgression in the SIS. Further high-resolution studies are needed for confirmation of faunal changes triggered by opening of straits. J. Micropalaeontol. 27(2): 111-116, November 2008. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki] Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol & Geosci, Osaka 5588585, Japan. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008 OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan [05950] FX The authors thank Toshiaki Irizuki of Shimane University, ShUsaku Yoshikawa of Osaka City University, Thomas M. Cronin ofthe US Geological Survey, and Jonathan A. Holmes of University College London for critical comments and advice on an early draft. This paper benefited from review by Elisabeth M. Brouwers of the US Geological Survey and editing by John Gregory of PetroStrat Ltd. This work was supported partially by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (No. 05950). NR 46 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0262-821X J9 J MICROPALAEONTOL JI J. Micropalaentol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 27 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 474QC UT WOS:000268298000003 ER PT J AU Hershler, R Liu, HP Gustafson, DL AF Hershler, Robert Liu, Hsiu-Ping Gustafson, Daniel L. TI A SECOND SPECIES OF PYRGULOPSIS (HYDROBIIDAE) FROM THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN, WITH MOLECULAR EVIDENCE SUPPORTING FAUNAL ORIGIN THROUGH PLIOCENE STREAM CAPTURE ACROSS THE NORTHERN CONTINENTAL DIVIDE SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN NYMPHOPHILINE GASTROPODS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; HYPOTHESIS; RISSOOIDEA; RECORD; REGION; SNAILS AB The large, predominantly western North American hydrobiid gastropod genus Pyrgulopsis includes a single species from the upper Missouri River basin (MRB), P. bedfordensis, which is thought to have originated through a late Neogene transfer of drainage from the eastern Snake River Plain across the northern continental divide. Here we describe a second, morphologically distinctive congener living in the MRB, P. blainica new species; investigate the phylogenetic relationships of these two snails relative to other regional congeners using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences; and evaluate whether our findings are consistent with vicariance resulting from prior stream capture across the northern continental divide. A Bayesian analysis of 39 COI sequences delineated the two MRB species as a well supported, terminal clade that is most closely related to a congener from the southern Bonneville Basin (P. anguina). Application of an available molecular clock for Pyrgulopsis suggests that the MRB clade diverged from its sister taxon 3.64 - 2.53 Ma (late Pliocene). Although these results are not consistent with the hypothesized origin of this fauna through a late Miocene drainage transfer from the upper Snake River basin, they conform to a more recent stream capture event involving truncation of southward drainage from the MRB that was previously postulated on the basis of molluscan distributions. This study provides the first molecular phylogenetic evidence that bears upon the freshwater molluscan biogeography across the northern continental divide. C1 [Hershler, Robert] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Liu, Hsiu-Ping] Metropolitan State Coll, Dept Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Gustafson, Daniel L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Hershler, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, POB 37012,NHB W-305,MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hershlerr@si.edu NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 EI 1464-3766 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 74 BP 403 EP 413 DI 10.1093/mollus/eyn028 PN 4 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 365BZ UT WOS:000260382200010 ER PT J AU Adelekan, AM Prozesky, EA Hussein, AA Urena, LD van Rooyen, PH Liles, DC Meyer, JJM Rodriguez, B AF Adelekan, Adeboye M. Prozesky, Erwin A. Hussein, Ahmed A. Urena, Luis D. van Rooyen, Petrus H. Liles, David C. Meyer, J. J. Marion Rodriguez, Benjamin TI Bioactive Diterpenes and Other Constituents of Croton steenkampianus SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article AB A new indanone derivative (1) and two new diterpenoids (2 and 3), together with three known flavonoids, have been isolated from an ethanol extract of the leaves of Croton steenkampianus. The structure of 2 was solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, whereas those of I and 3 were established mainly by I D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods. The isolated compounds were tested for their antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity. Antiplasmodial assays against chloroquine-susceptible strains (D10 and D6) and the chloroquine-resistant strains (Dd2 and W2) of Plasmodium falciparum showed that compound 2 gave moderate activities at 9.1-15.8 mu M, while none of the compounds were cytotoxic against Vero cells. C1 [Adelekan, Adeboye M.; Prozesky, Erwin A.; Hussein, Ahmed A.; Meyer, J. J. Marion] Univ Pretoria, Dept Plant Sci, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [van Rooyen, Petrus H.; Liles, David C.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Chem, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Urena, Luis D.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon Panama, Panama. [Hussein, Ahmed A.] Natl Res Ctr, Chem Med Plants Dept, Cairo, Egypt. [Rodriguez, Benjamin] CSIC, Inst Quim Organ, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Hussein, AA (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Plant Sci, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM Hussein-ahmed@lycos.com RI Meyer, Marion/E-3042-2010; OI Hussein, Ahmed/0000-0002-3877-9959 FU National Research Foundation and the University of Pretoria; Spanish "Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia" (CICYT) [CTQ2006-15279-C03-02] FX The National Research Foundation and the University of Pretoria are thanked for their financial contribution. This work was supported in part by funds from the Spanish "Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia" (CICYT), grant no. CTQ2006-15279-C03-02. Thanks are due to Mr. B. Tshilamulele and Dr. A. Basson from the Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, and Mr. E. Palmer, Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, for their assistance. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1919 EP 1922 DI 10.1021/np800333r PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 378PG UT WOS:000261335800025 PM 18855442 ER PT J AU Yang, C Buldyreva, J Gordon, IE Rohart, F Cuisset, A Mouret, G Bocquet, R Hindle, F AF Yang, Chun Buldyreva, Jeanna Gordon, Iouli E. Rohart, Francois Cuisset, Arnaud Mouret, Gael Bocquet, Robin Hindle, Francis TI Oxygen, nitrogen and air broadening of HCN spectral lines at terahertz frequencies SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE HCN; Oxygen; Nitrogen; Broadening; Terahertz; Photomixing ID DIODE-LASER MEASUREMENTS; MULTISPECTRUM ANALYSIS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SHIFT COEFFICIENTS; NU-2 BAND; THZ; (HCN)-C-12-N-14; SPECTROSCOPY; PRESSURE; REGION AB The room-temperature nitrogen- and oxygen-broadening coefficients of hydrogen cyanide spectral lines have been measured in the 0.5-3THz (17-100cm(-1)) frequency range (purely rotational transitions with 5 <= J <= 36) by a continuous-wave terahertz spectrometer based on a photomixing source. An improved version of the Robert and Bonamy semiclassical formalism has been used to calculate the oxygen-broadening coefficients and resulted in a good agreement with these measurements. The nitrogen and oxygen data are combined to provide the air-broadening coefficients as used by the HITRAN database. A significant difference is observed between the measured and tabulated values for transitions with high values of the rotational quantum number. A new polynomial representation is suggested for inclusion in HITRAN. A similar polynomial expression has been derived for the nitrogen broadening to aid the studies of Titan's atmosphere. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Chun; Cuisset, Arnaud; Mouret, Gael; Bocquet, Robin; Hindle, Francis] Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, CNRS, Physicochim Atmosphere Lab, UMR 8101, F-59140 Dunkerque, France. [Buldyreva, Jeanna] Univ Franche Comte, Inst UTINAM, CNRS, UMR 6213, F-25030 Besancon, France. [Gordon, Iouli E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rohart, Francois] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Lab Phys Lasers Atomes & Mol, UMR 8523, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Hindle, F (reprint author), Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, CNRS, Physicochim Atmosphere Lab, UMR 8101, 189A Av Maurice Schumann, F-59140 Dunkerque, France. EM francis.hindle@univ-littoral.fr RI Hindle, Francis/B-3261-2009; OI Hindle, Francis/0000-0001-9925-4497; Gordon, Iouli/0000-0003-4763-2841 FU Agence De I'Environnement et de la Maitrise de I'Energie (ADEME),; European Commission; Delegation Generale pour I'Armement [06.34.037]; Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de I'Atmosphere; Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers; Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications (CERLA) FX The authors would like to thank J.F. Lampin and K. Blary of the IEMN for the fabrication of the photomixer devices, along with Marc Fourmentin for his assistance in the preparation of this article. The authors also thank M.A.H. Smith for her comments regarding this work. This work was partially funded by Agence De I'Environnement et de la Maitrise de I'Energie (ADEME), the Region Nord-Pas de Calais, the European Commission and the Delegation Generale pour I'Armement (projet de Recherche Exploratoire et Innovation no. 06.34.037). The Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de I'Atmosphere and the Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molecules participate in the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications (CERLA). NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 17-18 BP 2857 EP 2868 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.08.005 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 377UG UT WOS:000261275600010 ER PT J AU McCarty, GW McConnell, LL Hapernan, CJ Sadeghi, A Graff, C Hively, WD Lang, MW Fisher, TR Jordan, T Rice, CP Codling, EE Whitall, D Lynn, A Keppler, J Fogel, ML AF McCarty, G. W. McConnell, L. L. Hapernan, C. J. Sadeghi, A. Graff, C. Hively, W. D. Lang, M. W. Fisher, T. R. Jordan, T. Rice, C. P. Codling, E. E. Whitall, D. Lynn, A. Keppler, J. Fogel, M. L. TI Water quality and conservation practice effects in the Choptank River watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE best management practices (BMPs); Chesapeake Bay; Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); denitrification-riparian buffers; watershed; wetland; winter cover crop AB The Choptank River is an estuary, tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, and an eco-system in decline due partly to excessive nutrient and sediment loads from agriculture. The Conservation Effects Assessment Project for the Choptank River watershed was established to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation practices oil water quality, within this watershed. Several measurement frame works are being used to assess conservation practices. Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and herbicides (atrazine and metolachlor) are monitored within 1.5 small. agricultural subwatersheds and periodically in the lower portions of the river estuary Initial results indicate that land use within these subwatersheds is a major determinant Of nutrient concentration in streams. In addition, the (18)O isotope signature of nitrate was used to provide a landscape assessment of denitrification processes in the presence of the variable land use. Herbicide concentrations were not correlated to land use, suggesting that herbicide delivery to the streams is influenced by other factors and/or processes. Remote sensing technologies have been used to scale point measurements of best management practice effectiveness from field to subwatershed and watershed scales. Optical satellite (SPOT-5) data and ground-level measurements have been shown to be effective for monitoring nutrient uptake by winter cover crops in fields with a wide range of management practices. Synthetic Aperture Radar (RADARSAT-1) data have been shown to detect and to characterize accurately the hydrology (hydroperiod) of forested wetlands at landscape and watershed scales. These multiple approaches are providing actual data for assessment of conservation practices and to help producers. natural resource managers, and policy makers maintain agricultural production while protecting this unique estuary C1 [McCarty, G. W.; McConnell, L. L.; Hapernan, C. J.; Sadeghi, A.; Hively, W. D.; Lang, M. W.; Rice, C. P.; Codling, E. E.] USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Graff, C.] LimnoTech Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Fisher, T. R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Jordan, T.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Whitall, D.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lynn, A.] USDA Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Annapolis, MD USA. [Keppler, J.] Maryland Dept Agr, Annapolis, MD USA. RP McCarty, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 FU USDA NRCS FX We acknowledge the contributions of technical staff from all the participating agencies and institutions, especially Anne Gustafson, Peter Downey, Paul Biddle, Leticia Drakeford, Krystyna Bialek, Molly Monahan, Kerry Sefton, Jennifer Harman-Fetcho, Swati Mookherji, Mebrat Gesese, and Walter Stracke. Partial funding for this project was provided by the USDA NRCS special emphasis watershed conservation Effects Assessment Project, and a Cheasapeake Bay Targeted Watersheds grant funded under the Chesapeake Bay Program and administered by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 25 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 6 SI SI BP 461 EP 474 DI 10.2489/jswc.63.6.461 PG 14 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 374WI UT WOS:000261074000025 ER PT J AU Benfield, S Baxter, L Guzman, HM Mair, JM AF Benfield, Sarah Baxter, Laura Guzman, Hector M. Mair, James M. TI A comparison of coral reef and coral community fish assemblages in Pacific Panama and environmental factors governing their structure SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE fish; coral; reef; composition; habitat; diversity ID MARINE PROTECTED AREA; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; EASTERN PACIFIC; RED-SEA; CHAETODONTID FISHES; ABUNDANCE; ISLANDS; DIVERSITY; GRADIENTS; VARIABLES AB We compared the reef fish assemblages of two habitats, coral reefs and coral communities (rocky substratum with coral colonies), in the Las Perlas Archipelago in Pacific Panama and attempted to determine associations with habitat variables. We used a modified Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) survey to record fish species and quadrat transects to determine benthic composition. Multivariate non-parametric multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) ordinations were performed in PRIMER and univariate correlations were used to determine relationships. The reef fish of coral communities were significantly more diverse and species rich than those of coral reefs. The two habitats had significantly different species and size composition, but trophic and family groups overlapped between habitats. Topography, exposure, and the percentage cover of branching and massive corals correlated significantly with differences in fish parameters. The reef fish assemblages of this region appear to be determined more by the larger scale structural features that characterize the two habitats than by features that vary over small scales within the habitats. C1 [Benfield, Sarah] Argyll & Bute Council, Marine & Coastal Dev Unit, Oban PA34 4LF, Argyll, Scotland. [Baxter, Laura] Scottish Nat Heritage, Inverness IV3 8NW, Scotland. [Guzman, Hector M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Mair, James M.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Benfield, S (reprint author), Argyll & Bute Council, Marine & Coastal Dev Unit, Lorn House, Oban PA34 4LF, Argyll, Scotland. EM sarah.benfield@argyll-bute.gov.uk FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Department for Environment; Food and Rural Affairs' Darwin Initiative Fund; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Heriot-Watt University Alumni Fund FX Funding for this research was provided by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs' Darwin Initiative Fund, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and the Heriot-Watt University Alumni Fund. The authors thank C. Guevara, A. Lam, and the crew of the R/V 'Urraca' who assisted the authors during field work. We thank the Government of Panama for giving permission to work in the archipelago and the anonymous referees of this paper who provided constructive comments. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 88 IS 7 SI SI BP 1331 EP 1341 DI 10.1017/S0025315408002002 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 376CG UT WOS:000261160000004 ER PT J AU Barberis, IM Dalling, JW AF Barberis, Ignacio M. Dalling, James W. TI The effect of light, seed size and biomass removal on cotyledon reserve use and root mass allocation in Gustavia superba seedlings SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE resprouting; seedling growth; seed reserves; shade tolerance ID NEOTROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; TROPICAL TREES; IDIOSPERMUM-AUSTRALIENSE; DAMAGE TOLERANCE; WOODY-PLANTS; ESTABLISHMENT; GROWTH; SHADE; LECYTHIDACEAE; REGENERATION AB Some large-seeded tree species have cotyledonary reserves that persist for months after seedling establishment. We carried out two screened growing-house experiments with seedlings of Gustavia superba (Lecythidaceae) to test hypotheses proposed to explain why cotyledons are retained. We grew seedlings from large and small seeds in suit and shade to determine if cotyledon reserves Supplement photosynthetic carbon gain, and in a second experiment applied defoliation and shoot removal treatments to determine if reserves are allocated to resprout tissue. In each experiment we tracked cotyledonary resource use over time and measured the fraction of seedling biomass allocated to roots and shoots. We found no evidence that light environment, seed size or damage treatment affected the rate of cotyledon resource usage; 20% of the cotyledonary mass remained 9 wk after leaves were fully developed in both suit and shade and 25-30%, of the cotyledonary mass remained 6 wk after leaf or shoot removal. Instead, cotyledon reserves appear to be slowly translocated to roots regardless of light environment or seedling damage. Once seedlings are established, lost tissue is replaced using reserves stored in roots: in high light, damaged seedlings had a lower root mass fraction (0.42) than undamaged ones (0.56) when considering the mass of tissue removed and resprout tissue combined. We conclude that cotyledon reserves are important for resprouting during early seedling emergence and establishment. but do not directly contribute to seedling growth or biomass recovery from herbivores at the post-establishment stage. Persistence of cotyledons may ultimately depend on the development of sufficient root mass for reserve reallocation. C1 [Barberis, Ignacio M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. [Dalling, James W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Dalling, James W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Barberis, IM (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Zavalla, Argentina. EM ignaciobarberis@yahoo.com OI Barberis, Ignacio Martin/0000-0002-6605-9270 FU FOMEC; Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina FX I.M.B. acknowledges FOMEC, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina, for financial support for his PhD including the fieldwork and living expenses in Panama. C. Hernandez and D. Moran helped with the fieldwork. Y. Mendoza and E. Ayarza helped to weigh the dry samples. Kyle Harms, Jonathan Myers and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that improved the manuscript. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 24 BP 607 EP 617 DI 10.1017/S0266467408005440 PN 6 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377MD UT WOS:000261254400003 ER PT J AU Lopez-Toledo, L Martinez, M van Breugel, M Sterck, FJ AF Lopez-Toledo, Leonel Martinez, Mariana van Breugel, Michiel Sterck, Frank J. TI Soil and light effects on the sapling performance of the shade-tolerant species Brosimum alicastrum (Moraceae) in a Mexican tropical rain forest SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brosimum alicastrum; gaps; growth; herbivory; Reserva Montes Azules; soil resources ID DIPTEROCARP SEEDLING GROWTH; TREE-SEEDLINGS; LEAF TRAITS; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; CANOPY GAPS; CARBON GAIN; RESPONSES; HERBIVORY; GRADIENT; DEFENSE AB Many studies conclude that light is the most important resource that determines plant performance of tree saplings in tropical rain forests, and implicitly suggest that soil resources are less important. To provide a quantitative test for soil versus light effects on sapling performance, we studied how saplings of the shade-tolerant tree species Brosimum alicastrum responded to contrasting levels of light availability and soil fertility in a Mexican tropical rain forest. Therefore saplings were selected from ten low-light exposure (crown position index < 1.5) and ten high-light exposure (crown position index >= 2.5) sites either on productive alluvial soils, or on poor sandy soils on adjacent hills. Annual growth responses were scored for 58 saplings. The soil-light interaction had a strong positive effect oil branching rate and leaf area production, rather than light or soil atone. Height growth only increased at higher light availability. Herbivore damage was higher on the more productive soil and, to a lesser extent. at higher light availability. Our results suggest that saplings (1) responded differently to soil and light availability. (2) expanded in overall size when both soil and light limitations are released, but only increased in height with increasing light intensity (3) and faced a trade-off between expansion and defence along both soil and light gradients. This study emphasizes the role of soil resources, in interaction with light availability, on the plastic responses in saplings living in a tropical forest understorey. C1 [Lopez-Toledo, Leonel] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [van Breugel, Michiel; Sterck, Frank J.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [van Breugel, Michiel] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Appl Ecol Program, Balboa, Panama. [Lopez-Toledo, Leonel; Martinez, Mariana] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Ecosistemas, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Lopez-Toledo, L (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Cruickshank Bldg, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. EM l.lopez@abdn.ac.uk OI van Breugel, Michiel/0000-0003-2778-7803 FU CONACYT-Mexico [163218]; Becas Complementarias-SEP-Mexico; WOTRO [W85-326, W01-53] FX We thank David Burslem, Emily Swaine and Simon Queenborough for comments on this paper. Ian Turner, editor of the journal of Tropical Ecology, provided crucial feedback for the final version of this paper. We acknowledge the Chajul Biological Field Station and Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, UNAM, Mexico for supporting this research. Jorge Rodriguez and Miguel Martinez-Ramos are also acknowledged for supporting field work and for providing some unpublished data. LL was granted with a scholarship from CONACYT-Mexico (No. 163218) and Becas Complementarias-SEP-Mexico. MvB was financially supported by WOTRO W85-326 and FS by WOTRO grant W01-53. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 24 BP 629 EP 637 DI 10.1017/S0266467408005427 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377MD UT WOS:000261254400005 ER PT J AU Espinoza-Fuenzalida, NL Thiel, M Dupre, E Baeza, JA AF Espinoza-Fuenzalida, Nuxia L. Thiel, Martin Dupre, Enrique Baeza, J. Antonio TI Is Hippolyte williamsi gonochoric or hermaphroditic? A multi-approach study and a review of sexual systems in Hippolyte shrimps SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTANDRIC SIMULTANEOUS HERMAPHRODITISM; PLUME PSEUDOPTEROGORGIA-AMERICANA; LYSMATA-WURDEMANNI CARIDEA; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; MARINE SHRIMP; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; CRANGON-FRANCISCORUM; LEACH DECAPODA; WEST-INDIES AB Sexual systems vary considerably among caridean shrimps and while most species are gonochoric, others are described as sequential protandric hermaphrodites or simultaneous hermaphrodites with an early male phase. At present, there is confusion about the sexual system exhibited by several species mostly because those studies attempting to reveal their sexual system draw inferences solely from the distribution of the sexes across size classes. Here we investigated the sexual system of the shrimp Hippolyte williamsi from Chile to determine if the species is protandric or gonochoric with sexual dimorphism (males smaller than females). Morphological identification and size frequency distributions indicated that the population comprised small males, small immature females, and large mature females, which was confirmed by dissections. No transitional individuals were found. Males maintained in the laboratory molted 1-8 times, and many grew up to reach sizes observed in only a small fraction of males in the field. No indication of sex change was recorded. Our results indicate that H. williamsi is a sexually dimorphic gonochoric species and emphasizes the importance of using several kinds of evidence (size measurements, growth experiments, morphological dissections, and histological studies) to reveal the sexual system of Hippolyte species. Whether the observed size dimorphism between males and females in many species of Hippolyte is expression of contrasting sexual and natural selection, and whether divergent sexual fitness functions can contribute to the evolution of hermaphroditism remains to be revealed in future studies. C1 [Baeza, J. Antonio] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Espinoza-Fuenzalida, Nuxia L.; Thiel, Martin; Dupre, Enrique; Baeza, J. Antonio] Univ Catolica Norte, Fac Ciencias Mar, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. [Thiel, Martin] Ctr Adv Studies Arid Syst, Coquimbo, Chile. [Baeza, J. Antonio] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Baeza, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM thiel@ucn.cl; baezaa@si.edu OI Baeza, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-2573-6773 FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI); Postdoctoral Fellowship; Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce (SMSFP); Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce FX JAB thanks for the support from a Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) Postdoctoral Fellowship and a Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce (SMSFP) Postdoctoral Fellowship. JAB specially acknowledges support from Valerie Paul and the SMSFP for funding a Weld trip to Chile during which most of this manuscript was written. The constructive comments from three anonymous reviewers substantially improved the manuscript. This is contribution number 740 from the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 155 IS 6 BP 623 EP 635 DI 10.1007/s00227-008-1059-z PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 362FU UT WOS:000260184400007 ER PT J AU Arias, CF Munoz, AG Jiggins, CD Mavarez, J Bermingham, E Linares, M AF Arias, Carlos F. Munoz, Astrid G. Jiggins, Chris D. Mavarez, Jesus Bermingham, Eldredge Linares, Mauricio TI A hybrid zone provides evidence for incipient ecological speciation in Heliconius butterflies SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bimodal hybrid zone; colour pattern; Heliconius; incipient speciation; microsatellites; mtDNA ID WARNING-COLOR; LINKAGE MAP; NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SPECIES BOUNDARY; GENE FLOW; MAINTENANCE; SELECTION; ERATO; EVOLUTIONARY AB In Heliconius butterflies, it has been proposed that speciation occurs through a combination of divergence in ecological habitat preferences and mimetic colour patterns. Here we test this hypothesis by investigating a parapatric form of the widespread species Heliconius erato. Mendelian (colour patterns) and molecular genetic data permit us to address hypotheses about introgression and genetic differentiation between different populations. Combined analysis of colour pattern, microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA showed that Heliconius erato venus and Heliconius erato chestertonii form a bimodal hybrid zone implying partial reproductive isolation. In a sample of 121 individuals collected in sympatry, 25% were hybrids representing a significant deficit of heterozygotes compared to the Hardy-Weinberg expectation. Seven microsatellite loci, analysed for a subset of these individuals, showed marked differentiation between the parental taxa, and unambiguously identified two genotypic clusters concordant with our phenotypic classification of individuals. Mitochondrial DNA analysis showed H. erato venus as a monophyletic group well differentiated from H. erato chestertonii, implying a lack of historical introgression between the populations. Heliconius erato chestertonii is therefore an incipient species that maintains its integrity despite high levels of hybridization. Moreover, H. erato chestertonii is found at higher altitudes than other races of H. erato and has a distinct colour pattern and mimetic relationship. Hence, there are now two examples of parapatric incipient species related to H. erato, H. himera and H. erato chestertonii, both of which are associated with higher altitudes, more arid habitats and distinct mimetic relationships. This implies that parapatric habitat adaptation is a likely cause of speciation in this group. C1 [Arias, Carlos F.; Munoz, Astrid G.; Linares, Mauricio] Univ Los Andes, Inst Genet, Bogota, DC, Colombia. [Jiggins, Chris D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Arias, Carlos F.; Mavarez, Jesus; Bermingham, Eldredge] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Mavarez, Jesus] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. RP Arias, CF (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Inst Genet, Carrera 1 18A-70,POB 4976, Bogota, DC, Colombia. EM solracarias@gmail.com RI Jiggins, Chris/B-9960-2008; Arias, Carlos/G-2881-2016; Linares, Mauricio/I-3509-2016 OI Jiggins, Chris/0000-0002-7809-062X; Arias, Carlos/0000-0001-5925-0985; Linares, Mauricio/0000-0002-1021-0226 FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Royal Society University Research; BBSRC and Leverhulme Trust; Facultad de Ciencias and Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de los Andes; COLCIENCIAS FX We are very grateful to the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute where part of the molecular work was carried out and for financial support through the internship program. We thank Maribel Gonzalez for help in the laboratory. We are grateful to four anonymous reviewers and the editor for comments on the manuscript. CA was funded by Facultad de Ciencias and Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de los Andes, and COLCIENCIAS. ML was partially funded from COLCIENCIAS, Banco de la Republica, and private donations: Continautos S. A., Proficol El Carmen S. A. and Didacol S. A. CJ was funded by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship and the BBSRC and Leverhulme Trust. NR 67 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 17 IS 21 BP 4699 EP 4712 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03934.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 364OO UT WOS:000260345200011 PM 18828780 ER PT J AU Dearborn, DC Hailer, F Fleischer, RC AF Dearborn, Donald C. Hailer, Frank Fleischer, Robert C. TI Microsatellite primers for relatedness and population structure in great frigatebirds (Pelecaniformes: Fregatidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Fregata; frigatebirds; Hawaii; microsatellites; primers; seabirds ID ECOLOGY AB Eighteen moderately polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for great frigatebirds Fregata minor. Polymorphism for the 12 dinucleotide and six tetranucleotide markers was assessed in 23 birds from a Hawaii population. Allelic diversity ranged from two to 12 (mean 5.9), with observed heterozygosity from 0.304 to 0.956 (mean 0.637). Three loci showed homozygote excess, possibly due to null alleles. One additional pair of loci exhibited strong gametic disequilibrium. Thus, at least 14 loci will be useful for studies of relatedness and population structure. C1 [Dearborn, Donald C.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Dearborn, Donald C.] Bucknell Univ, Program Anim Behav, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Hailer, Frank; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hailer, Frank; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Dearborn, DC (reprint author), Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM don.dearborn@bucknell.edu RI Hailer, Frank/C-9114-2012 OI Hailer, Frank/0000-0002-2340-1726 FU NSF [IOS-0717976]; Marine Science Network; James Bond Fund of the Smithsonian Institution; E. A. Schreiber and Seabird Research FX We thank Jesus Maldonado and Paul Zwiers at the Smithsonian Institution and Craig Millar, Mark Hauber, and Kristine Boxen at the University of Auckland. Funding was provided by NSF IOS-0717976 and the Marine Science Network and James Bond Fund of the Smithsonian Institution. We thank T. L. Cross for his interest and help with funding, and E. A. Schreiber and Seabird Research for funding and support. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1399 EP 1401 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02351.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 367BY UT WOS:000260528700054 PM 21586057 ER PT J AU Chen, XQ Wang, JX Tian, HL Zhang, XC Wen, J Zhou, SL AF Chen, Xiaoqing Wang, Jianxiu Tian, Hongli Zhang, Xianchun Wen, Jun Zhou, Shiliang TI Development of microsatellite markers for the bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE microsatellite; polymorphic; primers; Pteridium aquilinum AB We isolated eight novel polymorphic microsatellite loci from Pteridium aquilinum. These loci were characterized in 30 individuals, one from Bolivia, two from Peru, one from the USA, one from Japan, and 25 from Northeast China to Southwest China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to seven. The observed heterozygosity (H-O) ranged from 0.000 to 0.600 with an average of 0.3051, and the expected heterozygosity (H-E) ranged from 0.0966 to 0.7780 with an average of 0.4267. One locus deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and four pairs of loci were found to be in linkage disequilibrium. These polymorphic loci will be useful in the study of the population genetic structure of Pteridium. C1 [Chen, Xiaoqing; Wang, Jianxiu; Tian, Hongli; Zhang, Xianchun; Zhou, Shiliang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xiaoqing; Wang, Jianxiu; Tian, Hongli] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Zhou, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM slzhou@ibcas.ac.cn FU National Science Foundation of China [0121003, 30370154] FX The authors thank their colleagues for help during the experiment and for comments on the manuscript. This study was partly supported by the National Science Foundation of China (0121003 and 30370154). NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1491 EP 1493 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02233.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 367BY UT WOS:000260528700082 PM 21586085 ER PT J AU Meng, Y Wen, J Nie, ZL Sun, H Yang, YP AF Meng, Ying Wen, Jun Nie, Ze-Long Sun, Hang Yang, Yong-Ping TI Phylogeny and biogeographic diversification of Maianthemum (Ruscaceae: Polygonatae) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Eastern Asia; Eastern Himalaya; Biogeographic diversification; Maianthemum; North America; Ruscaceae; Smilacina ID SMILACINA-STELLATA LILIACEAE; CHLOROPLAST DNA PHYLOGENY; XIZANG TIBET PLATEAU; SENSU-LATO; ANGIOSPERM CLADES; FLOWERING PLANTS; GROSS MORPHOLOGY; SEQUENCE DATA; RPS16 INTRON; COSTA-RICA AB Maianthemum (Ruscaceae) comprises 28-38 species and includes the two traditionally recognized genera: Maianthemum sensu stricto and Smilacina. Thirty-seven samples representing 22 species of Maianthemum and six closely related outgroup taxa were sequenced for eight chloroplast and nuclear markers (trnL-F, rps16, rpl16, psbA-trnH, rbcL, ndhF, trnK, and ITS) with a total length of nearly 10,000 base pairs. Phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of Maianthemum with Maianthemum sensu stricto nested within Smilacina. Almost all species from the eastern Himalayan region in SW China except for Maianthemum tatsienense and M. stenolobum form a well supported clade. This clade is characterized morphologically by short filaments and large anthers, relatively large flowers, and pubescent stems and leaves. Maianthemum tatsienense and M. stenolobum from SW to central China form another clade. The other species from eastern Asia (central to NE China and Japan) and the New World fall into several clades. The intercontinental disjunction between eastern Asia and North America in Maianthemum sensu stricto is estimated to be at 1.68 million years ago (mya) with the Bayesian relaxed clock relying on uncorrelated rates. A recent radiation at about 2.04 mya is suggested in the high mountains of SW China, corresponding to the geographical heterogeneity in that region after the uplift of the Himalayas. Long distance dispersal by birds may have facilitated the evolution of their intercontinental disjunction and their biogeographic diversifications in SW China. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Meng, Ying; Wen, Jun; Nie, Ze-Long; Sun, Hang; Yang, Yong-Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Meng, Ying; Yang, Yong-Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res Kunming, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Meng, Ying; Nie, Ze-Long] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wen, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Yang, YP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, 132 Lanhei Rd, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. EM yangyp@mail.kib.ac.cn RI Nie, Ze-Long/N-8471-2015 OI Nie, Ze-Long/0000-0001-8065-3981 NR 109 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 424 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.017 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 374HM UT WOS:000261034400002 PM 18722539 ER PT J AU Tu, TY Dillon, MO Sun, H Wen, J AF Tu, Tieyao Dillon, Michael O. Sun, Hang Wen, Jun TI Phylogeny of Nolana (Solanaceae) of the Atacama and Peruvian deserts inferred from sequences of four plastid markers and the nuclear LEAFY second intron SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Gene duplication; Lineage sorting; ndhF; psbA-trnH; Reticulate evolution; rps16-trnK; trnC-psbM ID FLORAL REGULATORY GENES; SINE INSERTION ANALYSIS; SYNTHASE GBSSI GENE; HOMEOTIC GENE; INFLORESCENCE DEVELOPMENT; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; DNA-SEQUENCES; UTILITY; ORIGIN; EVOLUTION AB The phylogeny of Nolana (Solanaceae), a genus primarily distributed in the coastal Atacama and Peruvian deserts with a few species in the Andes and one species endemic to the Galapagos Islands, was reconstructed using sequences of four plastid regions (ndhF, psbA-tmH, rps16-trnK and trnC-psbM) and the nuclear LEAFY second intron. The monophyly of Nolana was strongly supported by all molecular data. The LEAFY data suggested that the Chilean species, including Nolana sessiliflora, the N. acuminata group and at least some members of the Alona group, are basally diverged, supporting the Chilean origin of the genus. Three well-supported clades in the LEAFY tree were corroborated by the SINE (short interspersed elements) or SINE-like insertions. Taxa from Peru are grouped roughly into two clades. Nolana galapagensis from the Galapagos Island is most likely to have derived from a Peruvian ancestor. The monophyly of the morphologically well-diagnosed Nolana acuminata group (N. acuminata, N. baccata, N. paradoxa, N. parviflora, N. pterocarpa, N. rupicola and N. elegans) was supported by both plastid and LEAFY data. Incongruence between the plastid and the LEAFY data was detected concerning primarily the positions of N. sessiliflora, N. galapagensis, taxa of the Alona group and the two Peruvian clades. Such incongruence may be due to reticulate evolution or in some cases lineage sorting of plastid DNA. Incongruence between our previous GBSSI trees and the plastid-LEAFY trees was also detected concerning two well-supported major clades in the GBSSI tree. Duplication of the GBSSI gene may have contributed to this incongruence. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Tu, Tieyao; Sun, Hang; Wen, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Tu, Tieyao] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Tu, Tieyao] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Dillon, Michael O.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Wen, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC-166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Wenj@si.edu FU National 973 Project of China [2007CB411601]; National Science Foundation of China [30625004]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0415573]; National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution FX Support of the study was provided by National 973 Project of China (2007CB411601), National Science Foundation of China (30625004), the National Science Foundation (DEB-0415573 to Michael Dillon and Jun Wen) and the Laboratory of Analytical Biology at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution. We thank the many colleagues who have helped with field and lab work, discussed the study and/or supplied plant material for this study, including: Federico Luebert, Jeff Hunt, Lee Weigt, Zelong Nie, Kin Han, Nicolas Garcia, Marucha Benavides, Magda Chanco, Diane Dillon, Miguel and Erica Finger, Jorge Guerra, Oswaldo Ibicache, Mauricio Ibicache, Paulina Ossa, Manuel and Gabriela Ossa, Jose Miguel Farina, Segundo Leiva, Pedro Lezama, Victor Quipuscoa, Eduardo and Tina Martell, Rachel Pinto, Adriana Hoffmann, Clodomiro Marticorena, Max Quezada, Eric Rodriguez, Abundio Sagastegui, Sebastian Teillier, Carmen Trujillo Cadiz, Alfredo Tupuachi, Maximino (Nino) Villarroel, Mario Zapata, Miyuki Nakazawa, Melica Munoz-Schick, Sergio Moreira, Aldo Mesa, Mikio Ono, Rosanna Freyre, Edgardo Ortiz, Massiel Corrales, Gina Castillo, Juan Gonzales and Gina Arancio. NR 83 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 561 EP 573 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.018 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 374HM UT WOS:000261034400015 PM 18722540 ER PT J AU Horne, JB van Herwerden, L Choat, JH Robertson, DR AF Horne, John B. van Herwerden, Lynne Choat, J. Howard Robertson, D. R. TI High population connectivity across the Indo-Pacific: Congruent lack of phylogeographic structure in three reef fish congeners SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Coral reef fish; Acanthuridae; Naso brevirostris; Naso unicornis; Mitochondrial control region; Stochastic variation; Comparative phylogeography ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; LINEAGE DIVERSIFICATION; RANGE EXPANSION; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; GROWTH; DIVERSITY; LARVAE; REGION AB We used the mitochondrial control region and a comparative approach to study the genetic population structure of two surgeonfishes, Naso brevirostris and Naso unicornis, across their Indo-central Pacific ranges. Our purpose was to compare our results with those of a previous study of Naso vlamingii [Klanten, S.O., van Herwerden, L., Choat J.H., 2007. Extreme genetic diversity and temporal rather than spatial partitioning in a widely distributed coral reef fish. Mar. Biol. 150, 659-670] another widely distributed Indo-central Pacific Naso species. We found no evidence of a barrier to gene flow between the Indian and Pacific Oceans for either species, consistent with what was shown for N. vlamingii. Overall, both target species lacked spatial population partitions and probably have complex patterns of gene flow on several spatial scales. Despite the lack of geographic population structure distinct clades were observed in N. brevirostris, similar to those found in N. vlamingii. Coalescence times for intraspecific clades of N. brevirostris and N. vlamingii approximate each other, suggesting parallel evolutionary histories. A bimodal mismatch distribution in N. brevirostris indicates that a biogeographic barrier separated N. brevirostris; populations sometime during its species history. Naso unicornis, in contrast, lacked genetic structure of any kind, although it has what could represent a single surviving clade. Congruent lack of spatial population structure among all three species suggest that such patterns are not due to stochastic processes of DNA mutation and are most likely driven by ecological and environmental factors. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Horne, John B.; van Herwerden, Lynne; Choat, J. Howard] James Cook Univ, Sch Trop & Marine Biol, Mol Ecol & Evolut Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Robertson, D. R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Horne, JB (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Trop & Marine Biol, Mol Ecol & Evolut Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM john.horne@jcu.edu.au RI van Herwerden, Lynne/I-1087-2012; Horne, John/M-4128-2013 OI van Herwerden, Lynne/0000-0001-6717-8995; Horne, John/0000-0002-7585-6108 FU National Geographic Society; Queensland Government/Smithsonian Institution Collaborative; Seychelles Fishing Authority; Cocos Keeling and Christmas Island National Parks Department of Environment and Heritage Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science; James Cook University; Australian Institute of Marine Sciences FX We specially thank Selma Klanten for her impetus in starting this project. The authors acknowledge funding and logistic support from The National Geographic Society, The Queensland Government/Smithsonian Institution Collaborative Research Program on Reef Fishes, The Seychelles Fishing Authority, Cocos Keeling and Christmas Island National Parks Department of Environment and Heritage Australia, The Australian Institute of Marine Science, The Lizard Island Research Station and the James Cook University internal funding scheme. Specimens were provided by M. Meekan (Australian Institute of Marine Sciences), M. Berumen, S. Mutz, J. Ackerman, W. Robbins (JCU), T. Hooper, Shoals Program Rodrigues and A. Halford for Oman material. This paper was improved by discussions with David Blair, Richard Rowe, Craig Moritz and Paul Barber. The work was carried out under James Cook University Ethics Approval No. A503. NR 64 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 629 EP 638 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.023 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 374HM UT WOS:000261034400021 PM 18804542 ER PT J AU Wright, NJ Greimel, R Barlow, MJ Drew, JE Cioni, MRL Zijlstra, AA Corradi, RLM Gonzalez-Solares, EA Groot, P Irwin, J Irwin, MJ Mampaso, A Morris, RAH Steeghs, D Unruh, YC Walton, N AF Wright, N. J. Greimel, R. Barlow, M. J. Drew, J. E. Cioni, M. -R. L. Zijlstra, A. A. Corradi, R. L. M. Gonzalez-Solares, E. A. Groot, P. Irwin, J. Irwin, M. J. Mampaso, A. Morris, R. A. H. Steeghs, D. Unruh, Y. C. Walton, N. TI Extremely red stellar objects revealed by IPHAS SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: chemically peculiar; circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; techniques: photometric; surveys ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; NORTHERN GALACTIC PLANE; H-ALPHA SURVEY; MU-M; S-STARS; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; SPECTRAL TYPES; WING BANDS; COOL STARS; MILKY-WAY AB We present photometric analysis and follow-up spectroscopy for a population of extremely red stellar objects extracted from the point-source catalogue of the Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) Photometric H alpha Survey (IPHAS) of the northern Galactic plane. The vast majority of these objects have no previous identification. Analysis of optical, near- and mid-infrared photometry reveals that they are mostly highly reddened asymptotic giant branch stars, with significant levels of circumstellar material. We show that the distribution of these objects traces galactic extinction, their highly reddened colours being a product of both interstellar and circumstellar reddening. This is the first time that such a large sample of evolved low-mass stars has been detected in the visual and allows optical counterparts to be associated with sources from recent infrared surveys. Follow-up spectroscopy on some of the most interesting objects in the sample has found significant numbers of S-type stars which can be clearly separated from oxygen-rich objects in the IPHAS colour-colour diagram. We show that this is due to the positions of different molecular bands relative to the narrow-band H alpha filter used for IPHAS observations. The IPHAS (r' - H alpha) colour offers a valuable diagnostic for identifying S-type stars. A selection method for identifying S-type stars in the Galactic plane is briefly discussed and we estimate that over a thousand new objects of this type may be discovered, potentially doubling the number of known objects in this short but important evolutionary phase. C1 [Wright, N. J.; Barlow, M. J.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Wright, N. J.; Irwin, J.; Steeghs, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Greimel, R.] Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, E-38700 Tenerife, Spain. [Greimel, R.] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Drew, J. E.; Unruh, Y. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Drew, J. E.; Cioni, M. -R. L.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Zijlstra, A. A.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. [Gonzalez-Solares, E. A.; Irwin, J.; Irwin, M. J.; Walton, N.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Groot, P.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Fac NWI, Afdeling Sterrenkunde, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Mampaso, A.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain. [Morris, R. A. H.] Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Astrophys Grp, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Steeghs, D.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Wright, NJ (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM nwright@star.ucl.ac.uk RI Barlow, Michael/A-5638-2009; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016; OI Barlow, Michael/0000-0002-3875-1171; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X; Unruh, Yvonne/0000-0001-8217-6998; Morris, Rhys/0000-0002-9210-1567; Drew, Janet/0000-0003-1192-7082 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; PPARC Studentship FX This work is based in part on observations made with the INT and the WHT, operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group. Observations on the WHT were obtained through an International Time Programme, awarded to the IPHAS collaboration. It also partly makes use of data products from the 2MASS, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, the Midcourse Space Experiment and the Spitzer Space Telescope, which are jointly run by the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center and the California Institute of Technology, and funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This work also made use of observations obtained with the HectoSpec facility at the MMT Observatory, a joint facility of the Smithsonian Institution and the University of Arizona. This research has made use of the SIMBAD data base, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. We thank the anonymous referee for their useful comments. NJW was supported by a PPARC Studentship. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 390 IS 3 BP 929 EP 944 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13851.x PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 361CZ UT WOS:000260106400005 ER PT J AU Mesinger, A Dijkstra, M AF Mesinger, Andrei Dijkstra, Mark TI Ultraviolet radiative feedback during the advanced stages of reionization SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: high-redshift; cosmology: theory; early Universe ID LY-ALPHA EMITTERS; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; SUBARU DEEP FIELD; LOW-MASS GALAXIES; HYDROGEN REIONIZATION; COSMIC REIONIZATION; ESCAPE FRACTION; STAR-FORMATION; HII-REGIONS; HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS AB The ionizing ultraviolet background (UVB) during reionization can suppress the gas content of low-mass galaxies, even those capable of efficient atomic cooling (i.e. with virial temperatures T(vir) greater than or similar to 10(4) K). This negative radiative feedback mechanism can thus reduce the star formation efficiencies of these haloes, which may delay the completion of reionization. In this work, we explore the importance of UV radiative feedback on T(vir) greater than or similar to 10(4) K haloes during the middle and late stages of reionization. We do not try to self-consistently model reionization; instead, we explore a large parameter space in an attempt to draw general, robust conclusions. We use a tiered approach. Using one-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations, we model the ability of gas to collapse on to haloes of various masses under UVBs of various intensities. We then generate realistic, parametrized maps of the inhomogeneous UVB, using large-scale semi-numeric simulations. By combining these results, we find that under all reasonably conservative scenarios, UV feedback on atomically cooled haloes is not strong enough to notably delay the bulk of reionization. Such a delay is only likely if ionizing efficiencies of z greater than or similar to 10 sources are much higher (over two orders of magnitude) than z similar to 6 data seem to imply. Towards the end of reionization, star formation can be quenched only in haloes in a narrow mass range close to the atomic-cooling threshold. This result depends only weakly on the intensity of the UVB: quenching star formation in haloes just twice as massive requires an order of magnitude increase in source ionizing efficiencies. This implies that the natural time-scale for the bulk of reionization is the growth of the global collapsed fraction contained in T(vir) greater than or similar to 10(4) K haloes. Thus, the likely reionization scenario would involve a small H II filling factor 'tail' extending to high redshifts, governed by more complicated feedback on T(vir) less than or similar to 10(4) K objects, followed by a period of relatively rapid evolution in the H II filling factor. Furthermore, our results underscore the importance of extended dynamic ranges when modelling reionization. Simulations must be capable of resolving haloes with mass greater than or similar to 10(8) M(circle dot), even when modelling the late stages of reionization, while at the same time being large enough to capture H II regions several tens of Mpc in size. C1 [Mesinger, Andrei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dijkstra, Mark] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mesinger, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM mesinger@astro.ucla.edu FU Harvard University Funds FX We are grateful to Steven Furlanetto and Zoltan Haiman for helpful comments on the manuscript. MD is supported by Harvard University Funds. NR 63 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 390 IS 3 BP 1071 EP 1080 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13776.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 361CZ UT WOS:000260106400015 ER PT J AU Lal, DV Hardcastle, MJ Kraft, RP AF Lal, Dharam V. Hardcastle, Martin J. Kraft, Ralph P. TI 'Normal' Fanaroff-Riley type II radio galaxies as a probe of the nature of X-shaped radio sources SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: formation; radio continuum: galaxies ID GHZ SOURCES; RAY; LUMINOSITY; SPECTRUM; CATALOG; JETS AB We present a multiwavelength radio study of a sample of nearby Fanaroff-Riley type II (FR II) radio galaxies, matched with the sample of known X-shaped radio sources in size, morphological properties and redshift, using new Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) data and archival data from the Very Large Array. Our principal aim in this paper is to provide a control sample for earlier studies of samples of 'X-shaped' radio sources, which have similar luminosities and small-scale radio structures to our targets but exhibit large-scale extensions to their lobes that more typical FR II sources lack; earlier spectral work with the GMRT has suggested that these 'wings' sometimes have flat spectral indices at low frequencies, in contrast to the expectations from models in which the wings are formed hydrodynamically or by jet reorientation. In our new observations, we find that almost all of our target FR II radio galaxies show standard spectral steepening as a function of distance from the hotspot at the low frequencies (610 and 240 MHz) provided by the GMRT data, even when transverse extensions to the lobes are present. However, one source, 3C 321, has a low-surface-brightness extension to one lobe that shows a flatter spectral index than the high-surface-brightness hotspots/lobes, as found in X-shaped sources. C1 [Lal, Dharam V.] Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys NCRA TIFR, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. [Lal, Dharam V.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Hardcastle, Martin J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Kraft, Ralph P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lal, DV (reprint author), Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys NCRA TIFR, Pune Univ Campus, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. EM dharam@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012 OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117 FU Royal Society; NASA FX DVL is grateful to A. P. Rao for discussions and several useful comments. DVL also thanks A. L. Roy for carefully reading the manuscript and for helpful discussions and suggestions. MJH thanks the Royal Society for a Research Fellowship. We thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments which improved the paper. We also thank the staff of the GMRT who have made these observations possible. GMRT is run by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Data base, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, under contract with the NASA, and NASA's Astrophysics Data System. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 390 IS 3 BP 1105 EP 1116 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13810.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 361CZ UT WOS:000260106400018 ER PT J AU Ivison, RJ Morrison, GE Biggs, AD Smail, I Willner, SP Gurwell, MA Greve, TR Stevens, JA Ashby, MLN AF Ivison, R. J. Morrison, G. E. Biggs, A. D. Smail, Ian Willner, S. P. Gurwell, M. A. Greve, T. R. Stevens, J. A. Ashby, M. L. N. TI Interferometric imaging of the high-redshift radio galaxy, 4C 60.07: an SMA, Spitzer and VLA study reveals a binary AGN/starburst SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: interferometers; techniques: interferometric; galaxies: formation; galaxies: starburst; submillimetre ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; OLD STELLAR POPULATIONS; DEEP FIELD-NORTH; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; SPACE-TELESCOPE; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; MOLECULAR GAS; SCUBA GALAXIES; HOST GALAXY AB High-resolution submillimetre (submm) imaging of the high-redshift radio galaxy (HzRG), 4C 60.07, at z = 3.8, has revealed two dusty components of roughly equal integrated flux. Spitzer imaging shows that one of these components ('B') is coincident with an extremely red active galactic nucleus (AGN), offset by similar to 4 arcsec (similar to 30 kpc) from the HzRG core. The other submm component ('A') - resolved by our synthesized beam and devoid of emission at 3.6-8.0 mu m - lies between 'B' and the HzRG core. Since the radio galaxy was discovered via its extremely young, steep-spectrum radio lobes and the creation of these lobes was likely triggered by the interaction, we argue that we are witnessing an early-stage merger, prior to its eventual equilibrium state. The interaction is between the host galaxy of an actively fuelled black hole (BH) and a gas-rich starburst/AGN ('B') marked by the compact submm component and coincident with broad CO(4-3) emission. The second submm component ('A') is a plume of cold, dusty gas, associated with a narrow (similar to 150 km s(-1)) CO feature, and may represent a short-lived tidal structure. It has been claimed that HzRGs and submillimetre-selected galaxies (SMGs) differ only in the activity of their AGNs, but such complex submm morphologies are seen only rarely amongst SMGs, which are usually older, more relaxed systems. Our study has important implications: where a galaxy's gas reservoir is not aligned with its central BH, CO may be an unreliable probe of dynamical mass, affecting work on the co-assembly of BHs and host spheroids. Our data support the picture wherein close binary AGN are induced by mergers. They also raise the possibility that some supposedly jet-induced starbursts may have formed co-evally (yet independently of) the radio jets, both triggered by the same interaction. Finally, we note that the HzRG host would have gone unnoticed without its jets and its companion, so there may be many other unseen BHs at high redshift, lost in the sea of similar to 5 x 10(8) similarly bright Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) sources - sufficiently massive to drive a > 10(27)-W radio source, yet practically invisible unless actively fuelled. C1 [Ivison, R. J.; Biggs, A. D.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ivison, R. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Morrison, G. E.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Morrison, G. E.] Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Smail, Ian] Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Willner, S. P.; Gurwell, M. A.; Ashby, M. L. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Greve, T. R.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Stevens, J. A.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Ivison, RJ (reprint author), Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM rji@roe.ac.uk RI Smail, Ian/M-5161-2013; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011 OI Smail, Ian/0000-0003-3037-257X; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313 NR 86 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 390 IS 3 BP 1117 EP 1126 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13811.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 361CZ UT WOS:000260106400019 ER PT J AU Somers, MJ Graf, JA Szykman, M Slotow, R Gusset, M AF Somers, Michael J. Graf, Jan A. Szykman, Micaela Slotow, Rob Gusset, Markus TI Dynamics of a small re-introduced population of wild dogs over 25 years: Allee effects and the implications of sociality for endangered species' recovery SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Allee effect; Conservation; Cooperative breeding; Dispersal; Lycaon pictus ID HLUHLUWE-UMFOLOZI PARK; KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; LYCAON-PICTUS; SOUTH-AFRICA; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; PACK SIZE; REINTRODUCTION; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; EXTINCTION AB We analysed 25 years (1980-2004) of demographic data on a small re-introduced population of endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (HiP), South Africa, to describe population and pack dynamics. As small populations of cooperative breeders may be particularly prone to Allee effects, this extensive data set was used to test the prediction that, if Allee effects occur, aspects of reproductive success, individual survival and population growth should increase with pack and population size. The results suggest that behavioural aspects of wild dogs rather than ecological factors (i.e. competitors, prey and rainfall) primarily have been limiting the HiP wild dog population, particularly a low probability of finding suitable mates upon dispersal at low pack number (i.e. a mate-finding Allee effect). Wild dogs in HiP were not subject to component Allee effects at the pack level, most likely due to low interspecific competition and high prey availability. This suggests that aspects of the environment can mediate the strength of Allee effects. There was also no demographic Allee effect in the HiP wild dog population, as the population growth rate was significantly negatively related to population size, despite no apparent ecological resource limitation. Such negative density dependence at low numbers indicates that behavioural studies of the causal mechanisms potentially generating Allee effects in small populations can provide a key to understanding their dynamics. This study demonstrates how aspects of a species' social behaviour can influence the vulnerability of small populations to extinction and illustrates the profound implications of sociality for endangered species' recovery. C1 [Somers, Michael J.; Gusset, Markus] Univ Pretoria, Ctr Wildlife Management, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Somers, Michael J.] Univ Pretoria, Ctr Excellence Invas Biol, Natl Res Fdn, Dept Sci & Technol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Graf, Jan A.; Slotow, Rob; Gusset, Markus] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Szykman, Micaela] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Szykman, Micaela] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Somers, MJ (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Ctr Wildlife Management, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM michael.somers@up.ac.za RI Somers, Michael/A-1523-2008; OI Slotow, Rob/0000-0001-9469-1508; /0000-0002-5836-8823 FU The Green Trust (WWF-South Africa); The Endangered Wildlife Trust; Smithsonian National Zoological Park; Shirley Sichel and Abbott Endowment Funds; Friends of the National Zoo; Smithsonian Institution (Office of the Undersecretary for Science); British Airways; Third World Academy of Science; The Wild Dog Foundation; The Sally Club; The Wildlands Conservation Trust; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology; Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife; National Research Foundation; University of KwaZulu-Natal FX We thank The Green Trust (WWF-South Africa), The Endangered Wildlife Trust, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Shirley Sichel and Abbott Endowment Funds, Friends of the National Zoo, Smithsonian Institution ( Office of the Undersecretary for Science), British Airways, Third World Academy of Science, The Wild Dog Foundation, The Sally Club, The Wildlands Conservation Trust, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, National Research Foundation and the University of KwaZulu-Natal for funding. We thank Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife and its staff ( especially Dave Balfour, Sue van Rensburg and the managers of HiP) for support and permission to do the work. We are grateful to Peter Banks, Matt Hayward, Anthony Maddock, Gus Mills and three anonymous referees for helpful comments on this paper. NR 50 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2008 VL 158 IS 2 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-1134-7 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 363UZ UT WOS:000260293700006 PM 18781334 ER PT J AU Kiel, S Peckmann, J AF Kiel, Steffen Peckmann, Joern TI PALEOECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE OF AN EARLY CRETACEOUS PEREGRINELLA-DOMINATED HYDROCARBON-SEEP DEPOSIT ON THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID MESOZOIC CONVERGENT MARGIN; CARBONATE BUILD-UPS; HYDROTHERMAL VENT; HARZ MOUNTAINS; METHANE-SEEPS; COLD SEEPS; CALIFORNIA; BRACHIOPOD; OXIDATION; BIVALVIA AB An isolated limestone deposit preserving thousands of specimens of the dimerelloid brachiopod Peregrinella multicarinala is exposed in fossil-poor Hauterivian strata northwest of the town of Planerskoje on the Crimean Peninsula in southern Ukraine. The limestone consists of micrite that encloses abundant detrital components, mostly brachiopod shell fragments, and also contains authigenic, framboidal pyrite. Cavities are rare; a few have been filled by a sequence of anhedral yellow calcite, seam micrite, banded and botryoidal cement, and equant calcite spar. The limestone preserves a diverse mollusk fauna of low abundance, including modiomorphid, lucinid, and buchiid bivalves and abyssochrysoid, ampullinid, and neritid gastropods. The negative delta(13)C values of the micrite (as low as -13.6 parts per thousand) and the character of the associated mollusk fauna indicate that this limestone formed at an ancient hydrocarbon seep. This evidence supports the earlier interpretation of Peregrinella as a seep-restricted brachiopod. The new Ukrainian records of some of the mollusk taxa-notably Caspiconcha and Paskentana-significantly extend the geographic range of these apparently seep-restricted mollusks, suggesting that mollusks at Early Cretaceous seeps had a wider geographical distribution than previously appreciated. C1 [Kiel, Steffen] Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Kiel, Steffen] Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Peckmann, Joern] Univ Bremen, MARUM Res Ctr, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. RP Kiel, S (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch, Ludewig Meyn Str 10, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. EM steffen.kiel@gmx.de RI Kiel, Steffen/C-3150-2009; OI Kiel, Steffen/0000-0001-6281-100X; Peckmann, Jorn/0000-0002-8572-0060 FU Marie-Curie Fellowship of the European Commission [MEIF-CT-2005-515420]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the DFG-Research Center "The Ocean in the Earth System" [MARUM0588] FX We thank Dmitry Ruban (Rostov on Don, Russia) for making the senior author aware of this locality; Olga and Vitaliy Anistratenko (Kiev, Ukraine) for their invaluable logistic help and company in the field; the staff of the Ukrainian Geologic Survey at Simferopol for providing un-published maps and information; Vladimir Belopastsev and Sergej (Planerskoje, Ukraine) for pointing us in the right direction; Alex Nutzel (Munich, Germany) and Irene Zorn (Vienna, Austria) for trying to locate Ascher's material in the collection of the Bavarian State Collection and in the collection of the Austrian Geologic Survey, respectively; Kathleen Campbell (Auckland, New Zealand) for comments on Californian Peregrinella deposits; Sebastian Flotow (Bremen, Germany) for preparation of thin sections; Monika Sea] (Bremen, Germany) for stable isotope measurernents; James L. Goedert (Wauna, Washington, United States) for critically reading the manuscript; and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This study was supported by a Marie-Curie Fellowship of the European Commission (MEIF-CT-2005-515420) to SK and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the DFG-Research Center "The Ocean in the Earth System" (contribution no. MARUM0588). NR 64 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 11-12 BP 751 EP 759 DI 10.2110/palo.2008.p08-052r PG 9 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 388SH UT WOS:000262039000004 ER PT J AU Pritchard, JR Loeb, A AF Pritchard, Jonathan R. Loeb, Abraham TI Evolution of the 21 cm signal throughout cosmic history SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BARYONIC ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; HIGH-REDSHIFT UNIVERSE; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; DARK ENERGY; 21-CM LINE; CENTIMETER FLUCTUATIONS; 1ST STARS; REIONIZATION AB The potential use of the redshifted 21 cm line from neutral hydrogen for probing the epoch of reionization is motivating the construction of several low-frequency interferometers. There is also much interest in the possibility of constraining the initial conditions from inflation and the nature of the dark matter and dark energy by probing the power spectrum of density perturbations in three dimensions and on smaller scales than probed by the microwave background anisotropies. Theoretical understanding of the 21 cm signal has been fragmented into different regimes of physical interest. In this paper, we make the first attempt to describe the full redshift evolution of the 21 cm signal between 0 < z < 300. We include contributions to the 21 cm signal from fluctuations in the gas density, temperature, and neutral fraction, as well as the Ly alpha flux, and allow for a post-reionization signal from damped Ly alpha systems. Our comprehensive analysis provides a useful foundation for optimizing the design of future arrays whose goal is to separate the particle physics from the astrophysics, either by probing the peculiar velocity distortion of the 21 cm power spectrum, or by extending the 21 cm horizon to z greater than or similar to 25 before the first galaxies had formed, or to z less than or similar to 6 when the residual pockets of hydrogen trace large-scale structure. C1 [Pritchard, Jonathan R.; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pritchard, JR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jpritchard@cfa.harvard.edu OI Pritchard, Jonathan/0000-0003-4127-5353 FU NASA [HST-HF-01211.01-A, 5-26555]; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc FX J. R. P. is supported by NASA through Grant No. HST-HF-01211.01-A from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under Contract No. NAS 5-26555. We thank the anonymous referees for their comments and suggestions. NR 67 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 103511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.103511 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 376WQ UT WOS:000261214100029 ER PT J AU Cavalie, T Billebaud, F Biver, N Dobrijevic, M Lellouch, E Brillet, J Lecacheux, A Hjalmarson, A Sandqvist, A Frisk, U Olberg, M Bergin, EA AF Cavalie, T. Billebaud, F. Biver, N. Dobrijevic, M. Lellouch, E. Brillet, J. Lecacheux, A. Hjalmarson, A. Sandqvist, Aa. Frisk, U. Olberg, M. Bergin, E. A. CA Odin Team TI Observation of water vapor in the stratosphere of Jupiter with the Odin space telescope SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd European Planetary Science Congress CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Potsdam, GERMANY DE Jupiter; Atmosphere; Water; Spectroscopy; Odin space telescope ID ROTOTRANSLATIONAL ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9; COMET SHOEMAKER-LEVY-9; SATURNS ATMOSPHERE; KINETICS UNCERTAINTIES; GIANT PLANETS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; ISO-SWS; TEMPERATURE; HYDROGEN AB The water vapor line at 557 GHz has been observed with the Odin space telescope with a high signal-to-noise ratio and a high spectral resolution on November 8, 2002. The analysis of this observation as well as a re-analysis of previously published observations obtained with the submillimeter wavelength astronomy satellite seem to favor a cometary origin (Shoemaker-Levy 9) for water in the stratosphere of Jupiter, in agreement with the ISO observation results. Our model predicts that the water line should become fainter and broader from 2007. The observation of such a temporal variability would be contradictory with an IDP steady flux, thus supporting the SL9 source hypothesis. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cavalie, T.; Billebaud, F.; Dobrijevic, M.; Brillet, J.] Univ Bordeaux 1, UMR 5804, LAB, CNRS,OASU, F-331270 Floirac, France. [Biver, N.; Lellouch, E.; Lecacheux, A.] Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Hjalmarson, A.; Olberg, M.] Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Sandqvist, Aa.] Stockholm Observ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Frisk, U.] Swedish Space Corp, S-17104 Solna, Sweden. [Bergin, E. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cavalie, T (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, UMR 5804, LAB, CNRS,OASU, 2 Rue Observ,BP89, F-331270 Floirac, France. EM Thibault.Cavalie@obs.u-bordeaux1.fr NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 56 IS 12 SI SI BP 1573 EP 1584 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2008.04.013 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 380JX UT WOS:000261463100002 ER PT J AU Cernusak, LA Mejia-Chang, M Winter, K Griffiths, H AF Cernusak, Lucas A. Mejia-Chang, Monica Winter, Klaus Griffiths, Howard TI Oxygen isotope composition of CAM and C(3)Clusia species: non-steady-state dynamics control leaf water (18)O enrichment in succulent leaves SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE crassulacean acid metabolism; oxygen isotope ratio; tropical tree ID CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; TROPICAL PIONEER TREE; STABLE OXYGEN; CLUSIA-UVITANA; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; DELTA-C-13 VALUES; DIURNAL-VARIATION; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; FIELD CONDITIONS; FICUS-INSIPIDA AB Leaf gas exchange and leaf water (18)O enrichment (Delta(18)O(L)) were measured in three Clusia species under field conditions during dry and wet seasons and in Miconia argentea during the dry season in the Republic of Panama. During the dry season, all three Clusia species used crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM); during the wet season Clusia pratensis operated in the C(3) mode, while Clusia uvitana and Clusia rosea used CAM. Large departures from isotopic steady state were observed in daytime Delta(18)O(L) of the Clusia species, especially during the dry season. In contrast, daytime Delta(18)O(L) was near isotopic steady state in the C(3) tree M. argentea. Across the full data set, non-steady-state predictions explained 49% of variation in observed Delta(18)O(L), whereas steady-state predictions explained only 14%. During the wet season, when Delta(18)O(L) could be compared with Clusia individuals operating in both C(3) and CAM modes, steady-state and non-steady-state models gave contrasting predictions with respect to interspecific variation in daytime Delta(18)O(L). The observed Delta(18)O(L) pattern matched that predicted for the non-steady state. The results provided a clear example of how non-steady-state control of leaf water (18)O dynamics can shift the slope of the relationship between transpiration rate and daytime Delta(18)O(L) from negative to positive. C1 [Mejia-Chang, Monica; Griffiths, Howard] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. [Cernusak, Lucas A.; Winter, Klaus] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Cernusak, LA (reprint author), Charles Darwin Univ, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. EM lucas.cernusak@cdu.edu.au RI Cernusak, Lucas/A-6859-2011 OI Cernusak, Lucas/0000-0002-7575-5526 FU A. W. Mellon Foundation; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Smithsonian Institution FX We thank Jorge Aranda, Milton Garcia and Aurelio Virgo for technical assistance, and Bob Brander and Ben Miller for assistance with isotopic analyses. We thank Professor Graham Farquhar and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by the A. W. Mellon Foundation, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. L. A. C. was supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution and by a Tupper Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. NR 78 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1644 EP 1662 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01868.x PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 357AC UT WOS:000259817700011 PM 18684241 ER PT J AU Antunes, A Troyer, JL Roelke, ME Pecon-Slattery, J Packer, C Winterbach, C Winterbach, H Hemson, G Frank, L Stander, P Siefert, L Driciru, M Funston, PJ Alexander, KA Prager, KC Mills, G Wildt, D Bush, M O'Brien, SJ Johnson, WE AF Antunes, Agostinho Troyer, Jennifer L. Roelke, Melody E. Pecon-Slattery, Jill Packer, Craig Winterbach, Christiaan Winterbach, Hanlie Hemson, Graham Frank, Laurence Stander, Philip Siefert, Ludwig Driciru, Margaret Funston, Paul J. Alexander, Kathy A. Prager, Katherine C. Mills, Gus Wildt, David Bush, Mitch O'Brien, Stephen J. Johnson, Warren E. TI The Evolutionary Dynamics of the Lion Panthera leo Revealed by Host and Viral Population Genomics SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; CLADE PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; AFRICAN LIONS; GENE FLOW; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; STATISTICAL TESTS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM AB The lion Panthera leo is one of the world's most charismatic carnivores and is one of Africa's key predators. Here, we used a large dataset from 357 lions comprehending 1.13 megabases of sequence data and genotypes from 22 microsatellite loci to characterize its recent evolutionary history. Patterns of molecular genetic variation in multiple maternal (mtDNA), paternal (Y-chromosome), and biparental nuclear (nDNA) genetic markers were compared with patterns of sequence and subtype variation of the lion feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV(Ple)), a lentivirus analogous to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In spite of the ability of lions to disperse long distances, patterns of lion genetic diversity suggest substantial population subdivision (mtDNA Phi(ST) = 0.92; nDNA F(ST) = 0.18), and reduced gene flow, which, along with large differences in seroprevalence of six distinct FIV(Ple) subtypes among lion populations, refute the hypothesis that African lions consist of a single panmictic population. Our results suggest that extant lion populations derive from several Pleistocene refugia in East and Southern Africa (similar to 324,000-169,000 years ago), which expanded during the Late Pleistocene (similar to 100,000 years ago) into Central and North Africa and into Asia. During the Pleistocene/Holocene transition (similar to 14,000-7,000 years), another expansion occurred from southern refugia northwards towards East Africa, causing population interbreeding. In particular, lion and FIV(Ple) variation affirms that the large, well-studied lion population occupying the greater Serengeti Ecosystem is derived from three distinct populations that admixed recently. C1 [Antunes, Agostinho; Troyer, Jennifer L.; Roelke, Melody E.] NCI, Lab Genom Divers, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Antunes, Agostinho] Univ Porto, CIMAR, Ctr Interdisciplinar Invest Marinha & Ambiental, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Packer, Craig] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hemson, Graham] Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Tubney, Oxon, England. [Winterbach, Christiaan; Winterbach, Hanlie] Tau Consultants, Maun, Botswana. [Frank, Laurence] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Laikipia Predator Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stander, Philip] Minist Environm & Tourism, Windhoek, Namibia. [Siefert, Ludwig] Makerere Univ, Dept Wildlife & Anim Resources Management, Kampala, Uganda. [Driciru, Margaret] Uganda Wildlife Author, Kampala, Uganda. [Funston, Paul J.] Tshwane Univ Technol, Nat Conservat Dept, Pretoria, South Africa. [Alexander, Kathy A.] Dept Wildlife & Natl Pk, Wildlife Vet Unit, Kasane, Botswana. [Prager, Katherine C.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mills, Gus] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Skukuza, South Africa. [Mills, Gus] SANParks, Endangered Wildlife Trust, Skukuza, South Africa. [Wildt, David; Bush, Mitch] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Antunes, A (reprint author), NCI, Lab Genom Divers, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM aantunes@ncifcrf.gov; johnsonw@ncifcrf.gov RI Alexander, Kathleen/A-9765-2010; Troyer, Jennifer/B-8415-2012; Scientific output, CIIMAR/E-5122-2012; Johnson, Warren/D-4149-2016; OI Alexander, Kathleen/0000-0001-7338-5341; Scientific output, CIIMAR/0000-0001-6270-2153; Johnson, Warren/0000-0002-5954-186X; Antunes, Agostinho/0000-0002-1328-1732 FU National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health [N01-CO-12400]; Center for Cancer Research; National Science Foundation [0343960]; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [PTDC/BIA-BDE/69144/2006, SFRH/BPD/5700/2001] FX This research has been funded in part by federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (N01-CO-12400), by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, by the National Science Foundation (No. 0343960) and by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/BIA-BDE/69144/2006). AA received a grant from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BPD/5700/2001). NR 80 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 4 IS 11 AR e1000251 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000251 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 380QT UT WOS:000261481000006 PM 18989457 ER PT J AU Hora, JL Carey, S Surace, J Marengo, M Lowrance, P Glaccum, WJ Lacy, M Reach, WT Hoffmann, WF Barmby, P Willner, SP Fazio, GG Megeath, ST Allen, LE Bhattacharya, B Quijada, M AF Hora, Joseph L. Carey, Sean Surace, Jason Marengo, Massimo Lowrance, Patrick Glaccum, William J. Lacy, Mark Reach, William T. Hoffmann, William F. Barmby, Pauline Willner, S. P. Fazio, Giovanni G. Megeath, S. Thomas Allen, Lori E. Bhattacharya, Bidushi Quijada, Manuel TI Photometry using the Infrared Array Camera on the Spitzer Space Telescope SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; CLOUD; IRAC AB We present several corrections for point-source photometry to be applied to data from the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on the Spitzer Space Telescope. These corrections are necessary because of characteristics of the IRAC arrays and optics and the way the instrument is calibrated in flight. When these corrections are applied, it is possible to achieve a similar to 2% relative photometric accuracy for sources of adequate signal-to-noise ratio in an IRAC image. C1 [Hora, Joseph L.; Marengo, Massimo; Willner, S. P.; Fazio, Giovanni G.; Allen, Lori E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Carey, Sean; Surace, Jason; Lowrance, Patrick; Glaccum, William J.; Lacy, Mark; Reach, William T.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hoffmann, William F.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. [Barmby, Pauline] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Megeath, S. Thomas] Univ Toledo, Ritter Observ, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Bhattacharya, Bidushi] CALTECH, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Quijada, Manuel] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Opt Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hora, JL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jhora@cfa.harvard.edu RI Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016; OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650; Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094 FU Spitzer Space Telescope; NASA [1407] FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under NASA contract 1407. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 120 IS 873 BP 1233 EP 1243 DI 10.1086/593217 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 371VN UT WOS:000260860200008 ER PT J AU Kosnik, MA Kaufman, DS Hua, Q AF Kosnik, Matthew A. Kaufman, Darrell S. Hua, Quan TI Identifying outliers and assessing the accuracy of amino acid racemization measurements for geochronology: I. Age calibration curves SO QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amino acid geochronology; mollusca; holocene; carbonate sediments; carbon-14; age calibration curves ID ASPARTIC-ACID; MOLLUSK SHELLS; GLUTAMIC-ACID; CHROMATOGRAPHY; RACERNIZATION; SEDIMENTATION; LONGEVITY; C-14 AB Numerical ages derived from amino acid racemization (AAR) geochronology are typically based on calibration curves that relate the extent of AAR to the age of independently dated specimens. Here, we compare options for developing calibration curves and quantifying age uncertainties using AAR data from 481 late Holocene shells, and AMS (14)C analyses of 36 shells of four molluscan taxa (Ethalia, Natica, Tellina, and Turbo) collected from shallow sediment cores from a back-reef lagoon of the central Great Barrier Reef. The four taxa differed substantially in the quality of their geochronogical results. Explicitly including data from specimens alive at the time of collection improves calibration curves, but weighting numerical ages based on their uncertainty has no effect. Calibration curve statistics do not adequately assess calibration uncertainty. The relation between ages inferred from different amino acids is recommended for identifying aberrant specimens and quantifying the uncertainty of inferred ages. For this study, the AAR ages based on two amino acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid) exceed 200yr or 20% of their mean inferred age in similar to 15% of the specimens. Once these were removed, the mean age error (1 sigma) for individual specimens based on two amino acids analyzed in duplicate subsamples ranged from 5 3 to 142 yr for Tellina and Turbo, respectively, or about a 30% age error for these relatively young shells. This compares favorably with analytical errors estimated at 50 yr or 5 %. The presence of notable outliers undetectable using data from single amino acids emphasizes the importance of analyzing multiple amino acids. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kosnik, Matthew A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Kaufman, Darrell S.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hua, Quan] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. RP Kosnik, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012,MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mkosnik@alumni.uchicago.edu; Darrell.Kaufman@nau.edu; qhx@ansto.gov.au RI Kosnik, Matthew/G-2312-2010; Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008 OI Kosnik, Matthew/0000-0001-5380-7041; Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1871-1014 J9 QUAT GEOCHRONOL JI Quat. Geochronol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 3 IS 4 BP 308 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.quageo.2008.04.002 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 325QB UT WOS:000257602300002 ER PT J AU Kosnik, MA Kaufman, DS AF Kosnik, Matthew A. Kaufman, Darrell S. TI Identifying outliers and assessing the accuracy of amino acid racernization measurements for geochronology: II. Data screening SO QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mollusca; amino acid geochronology; holocene; carbonate sediments; time-averaging; great barrier reef; amino acid racemization ID ISOLEUCINE EPIMERIZATION; SHELLS; FRACTION; ARCTICA; TIME; AMINOSTRATIGRAPHY; RACEMIZATION; TEMPERATURE AB Amino acid racemization (AAR) is a cost-effective method for dating the large numbers of specimens required for time-averaging studies. Because the aim of time-averaging studies is to determine the structure of the age distribution, any data screening must be done cautiously and systematically. Methods to quantitatively assess the quality of AAR data and to identify aberrant specimens are underdeveloped. Here we examine a variety of screening criteria for identifying outliers and determining the suitability of specimens for numerical dating including: high serine concentrations (modern contamination), covariance of aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) concentrations (diagenetic influences), replication of measurements (specimen heterogeneity), and the relation between Asp and Ghl D/L values (internal consistency). This study is based on AAR analyses of 481 late Holocene shells of four molluscan taxa (Ethalia, Natica, Tellina, and Turbo) collected from shallow sediment cores from the central Great Barrier Reef. Different outliers are flagged by the different screening criteria, and 6% of specimens were found to be unsuitable for time-averaging analyses based on screening the raw AAR data. We recommend a hybrid approach for identifying outliers and specimens for numerical dating. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kosnik, Matthew A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Kaufman, Darrell S.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Kosnik, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012,MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mkosnik@alumni.uchicago.edu; darrell.kaufman@nau.edu RI Kosnik, Matthew/G-2312-2010; Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008 OI Kosnik, Matthew/0000-0001-5380-7041; Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414 NR 22 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1871-1014 J9 QUAT GEOCHRONOL JI Quat. Geochronol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 3 IS 4 BP 328 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.quageo.2008.04.001 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 325QB UT WOS:000257602300003 ER PT J AU Clough, GW AF Clough, G. Wayne TI History Ahead SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, GW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD NOV PY 2008 VL 39 IS 8 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 364TD UT WOS:000260357300014 ER PT J AU Scott, JT Martens, PCH Cirtain, JW AF Scott, J. T. Martens, P. C. H. Cirtain, J. W. TI Analysis of Two Coronal Loops with Combined TRACE and SOHO/CDS Data SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: EUV; Sun: coronal loops; Sun: spectra ID TRANSITION-REGION; SOLAR; TEMPERATURE; EXPLORER AB We use an innovative research technique to analyze combined images from the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE). We produce a high spatial and temporal resolution simulated CDS raster or "composite" map from TRACE data and use this composite map to jointly analyze data from both instruments. We show some of the advantages of using the "composite" map method for coronal loop studies. We investigate two postflare loop structures. We find cool material (250 000 K) concentrated at the tips or apex of the loops. This material is found to be above its scale height and therefore not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The exposure times of the composite map and TRACE images are used to give an estimate of another loop's cooling time. The contribution to the emission in the TRACE images for the spectral lines present in its narrow passband is estimated by using the CDS spectral data and CHIANTI to derive synthetic spectra. We obtain cospatial and cotemporal data collected by both instruments in SOHO Joint Observations Program (JOP) 146 and show how the combination of these data can be utilized to obtain more accurate measurements of coronal plasmas than if analyzed individually. C1 [Scott, J. T.; Martens, P. C. H.; Cirtain, J. W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Martens, P. C. H.; Cirtain, J. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cirtain, J. W.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Grp, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr VP62, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Scott, JT (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM scott@solar.physics.montana.edu FU NASA [NAS5-38099]; Lockheed-Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory; NASA Graduate Students Research Program [NNG05GK64H] FX The authors would like to thank the reviewer for constructive comments that gave the paper more clarity. The authors thank the SOHO/CDS and TRACE consortia for their data. TRACE mission operations and data analysis at Montana State University are supported by NASA Grant NAS5-38099, through a subcontract with Lockheed-Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory. J.S. is supported through NASA Graduate Students Research Program Grant NNG05GK64H. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 252 IS 2 BP 293 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s11207-008-9259-8 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367BD UT WOS:000260526600006 ER PT J AU Erickson, DL Spouge, J Resch, A Weigt, LA Kress, WJ AF Erickson, David L. Spouge, John Resch, Alissa Weigt, Lee A. Kress, W. John TI DNA barcoding in land plants: developing standards to quantify and maximize success SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE barcoding; evolution; identification; land plants; PCI; probability ID LIFE; SEQUENCES; PROSPECTS; IDENTIFY; TAXONOMY; PROGRESS AB The selection of a DNA barcode in plants has been impeded in part due to the relatively low rates of nucleotide substitution observed at the most accessible plastid markers. However, the absence of consensus also reflects a lack of standards for comparing potential barcode markers. While many publications have suggested a host of plant DNA barcodes, the studies cannot be readily compared with each other through any quantitative or statistical parameter, partly because they put forward no single compelling rationale relevant to the adoption of a DNA barcode in plants. Here, we argue that the efficacy of any particular plant DNA barcode selection should reflect the anticipated performance of the resulting barcode database in assignment of a query sequence to species. While legitimate scientific disagreement exists over the criteria relevant to "database performance". the notion gives a unifying rationale for prioritizing selection criteria. Accordingly, we suggest a measure of barcode efficacy based on the rationale of database performance, "the probability of correct identification" (PCI). Moreover, the definition of PCI is left flexible enough to handle most of the scientific disagreement over how to best evaluate DNA barcodes. Finally. we consider how different types of barcodes might require different methods of analysis and database design and indicate how the analysis might affect the selection of the most broadly effective barcode for land plants. C1 [Erickson, David L.; Kress, W. John] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Spouge, John; Resch, Alissa] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Computat Biol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. [Weigt, Lee A.] Smithsonian Inst, Labs Analyt Biol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Erickson, DL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC 166, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM ericksond@si.edu FU Smithsonian Institution; National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes Health FX We wish to thank Dr. P, Hollingsworth, M. Chase, K. Wurdack and two reviewers for helpful discussion and comments on all earlier draft of this manuscript. Funding support was provided by the Smithsonian Institution and the Intramural Research Program of the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes Health. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD NOV PY 2008 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1304 EP 1316 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 377WO UT WOS:000261283000020 PM 19779570 ER PT J AU Collin, R Miglietta, MP AF Collin, Rachel Miglietta, Maria Pia TI Reversing opinions on Dollo's Law SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID ANCESTRAL CHARACTER STATES; DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS; PHYLOGENETIC EVIDENCE; DISCRETE CHARACTERS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; RE-EVOLUTION; HOMOLOGY; EXPRESSION; RECONSTRUCTION AB Dollo's Law, the idea that the loss of complex features in evolution is irreversible, is a popular concept in evolutionary biology. Here we review how application of recent phylogenetic methods, genomics and evo-devo approaches is changing our view of Dollo's Law and its underlying mechanisms. Phylogenetic studies have recently demonstrated cases where seemingly complex features such as digits and wings have been reacquired. Meanwhile, large genomics databases and evo-devo studies are showing how the underlying developmental pathways and genetic architecture can be retained after the loss of a character. With dwindling evidence for the law-like nature of Dollo's Law, we anticipate a return to Dollo's original focus on irreversibility of all kinds of changes, not exclusively losses. C1 [Collin, Rachel] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Miglietta, Maria Pia] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Collin, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM collinr@si.edu RI Collin, Rachel/G-2001-2010; OI Collin, Rachel/0000-0001-5103-4460 FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Hunterdon and Johnson Funds FX We thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Hunterdon and Johnson Funds for financial support, and Jeremy Niven, Laura Geyer, Mrk Zigler, Haris Lessios and William Weislo for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 62 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 11 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 23 IS 11 BP 602 EP 609 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2008.06.013 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 375RF UT WOS:000261130300004 PM 18814933 ER PT J AU Parenti, LR AF Parenti, Lynne R. TI A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of ricefishes, Oryzias and relatives (Beloniformes, Adrianichthyidae) SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE comparative morphology; homology; medaka; model organisms; miniaturization; phylogeny ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; CELLULAR DNA CONTENT; CYTOCHROME-B GENE; WILD POPULATIONS; ALLOZYMIC VARIATION; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; KARYOTYPE EVOLUTION; VIVIPAROUS HALFBEAK; MERISTIC VARIATION; TELEOSTEAN FISHES AB Ricefishes, known best by the model organism, the medaka, Oryzias latipes Temminck & Schlegel, 1846, comprise the family Adrianichthyidae, which ranges broadly throughout fresh and brackish waters of Central, South and Southeast Asia and the Indo-Malay-Philippines Archipelago as far east as Timor. Twenty-eight Recent species are recognized here in two monophyletic genera, Adrianichthys and Oryzias. Xenopoecilus and Horaichthys are placed in synonymy of Oryzias for the first time. Adrianichthys comprises four species from Lake Poso, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Oryzias comprises 24 species that live throughout the range of the family. A fossil genus and species, dagger Lithopoecilus brouweri from the Miocene of central Sulawesi, is included tentatively in the Adrianichthyidae. Evidence for the sister group relationship of adrianichthyids and exocoetoids is reviewed briefly and that relationship corroborated. Monophyly of adrianichthyids is likewise strongly supported here. Species groups within Oryzias are diagnosed as monophyletic largely based on osteology, colour pattern and meristic variation. They correspond only in part to species groups previously recognized based on chromosome constitution. Miniature species do not comprise a monophyletic group; disjunct absolute size in close relatives has evolved repeatedly. Oryzias latipes is a member of a species complex that includes O. luzonensis, O. curvinotus and the miniatures O. sinensis and O. mekongensis. A new species, Oryzias bonneorum sp. nov., is described from Lake Lindu, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Lectotypes are designated for Haplochilus celebensis Weber, 1894 and Haplochilus timorensis Weber & de Beaufort, 1922. No claim to original US Government works. Journal compilation (C) 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 154, 494-610. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Fishes, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Parenti, LR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Fishes, MRC 159,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM parentil@si.edu NR 318 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4082 EI 1096-3642 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 154 IS 3 BP 494 EP 610 PG 117 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 367IC UT WOS:000260544700003 ER PT J AU Terwilliger, VJ Eshetu, Z Colman, A Bekele, T Gezahgne, A Fogel, ML AF Terwilliger, Valery J. Eshetu, Zewdu Colman, Albert Bekele, Tesfaye Gezahgne, Alemu Fogel, Marilyn L. TI Reconstructing palaeoenvironment from delta C-13 and delta N-15 values of soil organic matter: A calibration from arid and wetter elevation transects in Ethiopia SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; Palaeoclimates; Soil organic matter ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SUBTROPICAL SAVANNA; MT. KENYA; NITROGEN; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CLIMATE; LEAVES; PLANTS AB One difficulty with reconstructing palaeoclimate from stable isotopic analyses of continental proxies is to determine whether changes occurred in temperature and/or precipitation. The resolution with which delta C-13 and delta N-15 values of soil organic matter (SOM) can be used to infer climate characteristics were examined from soils along two elevation transects in Ethiopia. Two transect characteristics permitted evaluation of temperature and precipitation effects separately and in tandem on delta values. First, transects differed from one another in precipitation but not in temperature. In addition, precipitation did not co-vary with elevation or temperature in the wetter transect. Vapour pressure deficits (physiologically meaningful measures of aridity affected by both temperature and precipitation) thus decreased more with elevation gain in the drier than in the wetter transect. In both transects, VC values of surface (<10 cm depth) SOM were highest at middle elevations and lowest at both the highest and lowest elevations. This humped relationship was preserved in presumably older SOM samples up to 300 cm. depth. These trends support hypotheses about climate influences on delta C-13 values of SOM only from the middle to highest elevations. From the lower to middle elevations, the trends suggest the hypothesis that historical differences in land use pressures may have a greater and opposing influence than climate on delta C-13 values of SOM. The delta N-13 values were negatively related to elevation in the drier transect alone, supporting hypotheses that precipitation is the principal influence on delta N-15 values of SOM. Elemental analyses provide some affirmation for the hypothesis that the influence of precipitation on openness of local nitrogen cycling can cause delta N-15 values to increase with aridity. A problem in reconstruction of continental environments, per se, is to discern changes in climate from changes in land use. If differences in land use history have larger effects than climate on delta C-13 values of SOM then delta N-15 values of SOM may be valuable in conjunction with delta C-13 analyses for reconstructing aspects of land use and climate. C 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Terwilliger, Valery J.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Terwilliger, Valery J.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Eshetu, Zewdu; Bekele, Tesfaye; Gezahgne, Alemu] FRC, EIAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Colman, Albert; Fogel, Marilyn L.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Colman, Albert] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Terwilliger, VJ (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM terwilli@ku.edu; zewdu61@yahoo.com; colman@umbi.umd.edu; eorccd@ethionet.et; forestry@earo.org.et; m.fogel@gl.ciw.edu RI Fogel, Marilyn/M-2395-2015 OI Fogel, Marilyn/0000-0002-1176-3818 FU National Science Foundation; Women's International Science Collaboration of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center FX This study was funded by the National Science Foundation through the Women's International Science Collaboration of the American Association for the Advancement of Science while the first author was a Senior Research Fellow at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. Negussie Belayhun, Wassiehun, Abdu Ali, Adem, and Muhammed Isa guided us to excellent sampling areas at the lower elevations of the Awash River basin. Gebreyes Shewangizaw's driving made access to all of the sample areas possible in a short amount of time. Many Ethiopians appeared at every sampling site and not only granted us permission to sample, but helped as well. We are grateful to the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center and Carnegie Institution of Washington for providing laboratory facilities and for absorbing laboratory costs. We thank Dr. Abera Deressa, former Deputy Director General and Tesfaye Hundie, former Director of Forestry Research Centre for negotiating the collaboration of the Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization (now Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research) that included providing a 4-wheel drive vehicle and absorbing some of the costs of the fieldwork. The Bureau of Agriculture and Rural development of the Afar National Regional State graciously provided our permits to work in the lower Awash River basin. George McCleary drafted Fig. 1. Two anonymous reviewers commented on the manuscript. NR 78 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD OCT 31 PY 2008 VL 147 IS 3-4 BP 197 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.09.001 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 370HJ UT WOS:000260753000013 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, B Elsenbeer, H AF Zimmermann, Beate Elsenbeer, Helmut TI Spatial and temporal variability of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in gradients of disturbance SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soil hydrology; Saturated hydraulic conductivity; Tropical montane rainforest; Disturbance and recovery; Landslides; Land use ID MONTANE RAIN-FOREST; WELL PERMEAMETER DATA; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS; OVERLAND-FLOW; SCALE; LAND; LANDSLIDES; MANAGEMENT; DEGRADATION AB Tropical montane rain forests are subject to both natural and anthropogenic disturbances, such as shallow landslides and forest-to-pasture conversion. Vegetation regrowth is rapid upon attaining hillslope stability and pasture abandonment, respectively, and apt to affect soil hydrology via changes in soil structure, a sensitive indicator of which is soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s). Our objective was to quantify the influence of these regionally widespread and important disturbances on K-s, and the subsequent recovery of Ks, and to describe the resulting spatial patterns. In a 2 km(2) large research area in southern Ecuador, we used a mixed design- and model-based sampling strategy for measuring K-s, in situ at soil depths of 12.5, 20, and 50 cm (n = 30-150/depth) under landslides of different ages (2 and 8 years), under actively grazed pasture, fallows following pasture abandonment (2-25 years of age), and under natural forest, and for elucidating its spatial patterns. Global means of soil permeability generally decrease with increasing soil depth. K-s, does not differ among landslides and in comparison to the natural forest, which suggests a marginal effect of the regional landslide activity on soil hydrology. In contrast, results from the human-induced disturbance regime show a permeability decrease of two orders of magnitude after forest conversion to pasture at shallow soil depths, and a slow regeneration after pasture abandonment that requires a recovery time of at least one decade. Disturbances affect the K-s, spatial structure, in particular the correlation length, in the topsoil. The largest differences in the covariance parameters, however, are found for the subsoil K-s, where the spatial structure is independent of land cover. This case study suggests a rather disparate soil hydraulic response to regionally important disturbances. Cattle grazing strongly affects the spatial mean of K-s, whereas landslides do not, and both the processes affect the spatial structure of K-s, in the topsoil. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zimmermann, Beate] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Zimmermann, Beate; Elsenbeer, Helmut] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geoecol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. RP Zimmermann, B (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. EM ZimmermannB@si.edu RI Zimmermann, Beate/B-5164-2012 NR 70 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 7 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 30 PY 2008 VL 361 IS 1-2 BP 78 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.07.027 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 371BE UT WOS:000260806000007 ER PT J AU Spangler, PJ Short, AEZ AF Spangler, Paul J. Short, Andrew Edward Z. TI Three new species of Neotropical Tropisternus Solier (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article C1 [Spangler, Paul J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Short, Andrew Edward Z.] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Short, Andrew Edward Z.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Short, Andrew Edward Z.] Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Div Entomol, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Spangler, PJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NHB 169, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM aezshort@ku.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 29 PY 2008 IS 1917 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 366OT UT WOS:000260492800006 ER PT J AU Lewis, BR Baldwin, KGH Sprengers, JP Ubachs, W Stark, G Yoshino, K AF Lewis, B. R. Baldwin, K. G. H. Sprengers, J. P. Ubachs, W. Stark, G. Yoshino, K. TI Optical observation of the C, 3s sigma(g)F(3), and 3p pi(u)G(3) (3)Pi(u) states of N(2) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION ABSORPTION; SINGLET UNGERADE STATES; MOLECULAR NITROGEN; RYDBERG STATE; N2; SPECTRUM; SPECTROSCOPY; N-15(2); SYSTEM; PREDISSOCIATION AB High-resolution laser-based one extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) + one UV two-photon ionization spectroscopy and EUV photoabsorption spectroscopy have been employed to study spin-forbidden (3)Pi(u)-X(1)Sigma(+)(g) (v, 0) transitions in (14)N(2) and (15)N(2). Levels of the C(3)Pi(u) valence and 3s sigma(g)F(3) and 3p pi(u)G(3) (3)Pi(u) Rydberg states are characterized, either through their direct optical observation, or, indirectly, through their perturbative effects on the (1)Pi(u) and (1)Sigma(+)(u) states, which are accessible in dipole-allowed transitions. Optical observation of the G(3)-X(0,0) and (1,0) transitions is reported for the first time, together with evidence for six new vibrational levels of the C state. Following the recent observation of the F(3)-X(0, 0) transition at rotational resolution [J. P. Sprengers et al., J. Chem. Phys. 123, 144315 (2005)], the F(3)(v = 1) level is found to be responsible for a local perturbation in the rotational predissociation pattern of the b' (1)Sigma(+)(u)(v = 4) state. Despite their somewhat fragmentary nature, these new observations provide a valuable database on the (3)Pi(u) states of N(2) and their interactions which will help elucidate the predissociation mechanisms for the nitrogen molecule. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2990655] C1 [Lewis, B. R.; Baldwin, K. G. H.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Sprengers, J. P.; Ubachs, W.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Ctr Laser, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Stark, G.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Phys, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. [Yoshino, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lewis, BR (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM brenton.lewis@anu.edu.au RI Ubachs, Wim/F-5649-2011 OI Ubachs, Wim/0000-0001-7840-3756 FU Australian Research Council [DP0558962, DP0773050]; NASA [NNG05GA03G]; Netherlands Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter; Australian Academy of Science FX This work was partially supported by Australian Research Council Discovery Program Grant Nos. DP0558962 and DP0773050, NASA Grant No. NNG05GA03G, and the Molecular Atmospheric Physics program of the Netherlands Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter. K. G. H. B. was supported by the Scientific Visits to Europe Program of the Australian Academy of Science. J. P. S. thanks the ANU for the hospitality enjoyed during visits to Canberra. We also thank Professor Helene Lefebvre-Brion and Professor Roland Lefebvre for the provision of a program for the diagonalization of complex matrices. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 16 AR 164305 DI 10.1063/1.2990655 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 367SI UT WOS:000260572300027 PM 19045264 ER PT J AU Anker, A Toth, E AF Anker, Arthur Toth, Eva TI A preliminary revision of the Synalpheus paraneptunus Coutiere, 1909 species complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Caridea; Alpheidae; Synalpheus; snapping shrimp; cryptic taxa; new species; sponge-dwelling; eusociality; intersex; western Atlantic; Caribbean ID DWELLING SNAPPING SHRIMPS; EUSOCIALITY; REGALIS; REEF AB The western Atlantic Synalpheus paraneptunus Coutiere, 1909 species complex is revised based on the type material kept in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC (USNM), specimens from Dominica, Puerto Rico and some other Caribbean localities (USNM), and fresh material recently collected in Belize and Panama. The type material of S. paraneptunus, composed of three specimens, appears to include more than one species. Therefore, S. paraneptunus is restricted to the holotype from Morrosquillo, Colombia, dredged from 77 m. The identity of the two paratypes, one of them an abnormal female, could not be satisfyingly determined. Five species are described as new. Synalpheus duffyi n. sp. is described based on the recently collected material from Isla Grande, Panama. The colony structure of S. duffyi n. sp., including the large number of sexually undeveloped individuals and one larger breeding female, suggests eusocial life style. A further presumably eusocial species, S. riosi n. sp., significantly larger than S. duffyi n. sp., is described based on 139 specimens from Dominica, all apparently forming a single colony. Furthermore, three pair-living species are recognized: S. brevidactylus n. sp. from Isla Grande and Bocas del Toro, Panama; S. bocas n. sp. from Bocas del Toro, Panama, S. belizensis n. sp. from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. All reported species are contrasted to each other morphologically; occurrence (in large groups vs. pairwise) and colour patterns are also considered where data is available. A provisionary key to six known species of the S. paraneptunus complex is provided. C1 [Anker, Arthur] Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Toth, Eva] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM ankera@si.edu; evatoth2004@yahoo.com FU Smithsonian Institution / Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI); Nancy Knowlton (STRI/USNM); Hunterton Oceanographic Research Fund FX This research was supported by the Marine Science Network Fellowship of the Smithsonian Institution / Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) to ET, and by Nancy Knowlton (STRI/USNM) in form of a postdoctoral fellowship to AA. This is contribution number 823 of the Caribbean Reef Ecosystem Program, supported in part by the Hunterton Oceanographic Research Fund. Sample collection complies with the current laws of Belize and Panama; collection permits were obtained from the Belizean Department of Fisheries and ANAM of the Republic of Panama. Karen Reed (USNM) was very helpful during ET's examination of Coutiere's type material in the collections of the USNM. We also thank the staff of the STRI research station in Bocas del Toro for use of the facilities and assistance in the field. Antonio Baeza (STRI / Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, USA) and Ivan Marin (A. N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, R. A. S., Moscow, Russia) helped collecting specimens in Panama. Robert Thacker (University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA) kindly identified sponge hosts. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 27 PY 2008 IS 1915 BP 1 EP 28 PG 28 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 366OR UT WOS:000260492600001 ER PT J AU Honma, M Tamura, Y Reid, MJ AF Honma, Mareki Tamura, Yoshiki Reid, Mark J. TI Tropospheric Delay Calibrations for VERA SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE astrometry; techniques: high angular resolution; techniques: interferometric ID PARALLAX MEASUREMENTS; ASTROMETRY; DISTANCE; VLBI AB We present techniques for the tropospheric delay calibration, which is the key to increasing the accuracy of the phase-referencing astrometry with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). We study three methods, and make a comparison of these methods to discuss the accuracy in calibration. Our results show that all three methods can calibrate the tropospheric zenith delay within accuracy of similar to 2 cm. We also present simulations of positional errors in VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) at the presence of an error in the tropospheric zenith delay, showing that parallax measurements with accuracy of 10 mu as can be readily achieved for sources at high declination and with small separation angles between the target Galactic maser and extragalactic position references. C1 [Honma, Mareki] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mizusawa VERA Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Tamura, Yoshiki] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mizusawa VERA Observ, Mizusawa Ku, Oshu, Iwate 0230861, Japan. [Reid, Mark J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Honma, M (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mizusawa VERA Observ, 2-21-1 Osawa, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM mareki.honma@nao.ac.jp NR 17 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD OCT 25 PY 2008 VL 60 IS 5 BP 951 EP 960 DI 10.1093/pasj/60.5.951 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 433ZH UT WOS:000265243900002 ER PT J AU Inada, N Oguri, M Falco, EE Broadhurst, TJ Ofek, EO Kochanek, CS Sharon, K Smith, GP AF Inada, Naohisa Oguri, Masamune Falco, Emilio E. Broadhurst, Tom J. Ofek, Eran O. Kochanek, Christopher S. Sharon, Keren Smith, Graham P. TI Spectroscopic Confirmation of the Fifth Image of SDSS J1004+4112 and Implications for the M-BH-sigma(*) Relation at z=0.68 SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Letter DE black hole physics; galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies: quasars: individual (SDSS J1004+4112); gravitational lensing ID GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED QUASAR; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; HOST GALAXIES; TIME-DELAY; CLUSTER; SDSS-J1004+4112; CONSTRAINTS; DISCOVERY; REDSHIFTS; CAMERA AB We present the results of deep spectroscopy for the central region of the Cluster lens SDSS J1004+4112 with the Subaru Telescope. A secure detection of an emission line of the faint blue stellar object (component E) near the center of the brightest cluster galaxy (G I) confirms that it is the central fifth image of the lensed quasar system. In addition, we measured the stellar velocity dispersion of G1 to be sigma(*) = 352 +/- 13 km s(-1). We combined these results to obtain constraints on the mass M-BH of the putative black hole (BH) at the center of the inactive galaxy G1, and hence on the M-BH-sigma(*) relation at the lens redshift z(1) = 0.68. From detailed mass modeling, we placed an upper limit on the black hole mass, M-BH < 2.1 x 10(10)M(circle dot) at the 1 sigma level (< 3.1 x 10(10)M(circle dot) at 3 sigma), which is consistent with black hole masses expected from the local and redshift-evolved MBH-or,, relations, MBH similar to 10(9)-10(10)M(circle dot). C1 [Inada, Naohisa] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Oguri, Masamune] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophy & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Falco, Emilio E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Broadhurst, Tom J.; Sharon, Keren] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Ofek, Eran O.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kochanek, Christopher S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Smith, Graham P.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Inada, N (reprint author), RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD OCT 25 PY 2008 VL 60 IS 5 BP L27 EP L30 DI 10.1093/pasj/60.5.L27 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 433ZH UT WOS:000265243900016 ER PT J AU Jack, CN Ridgeway, JG Mehdiabadi, NJ Jones, EI Edwards, TA Queller, DC Strassmann, JE AF Jack, Chandra N. Ridgeway, Julia G. Mehdiabadi, Natasha J. Jones, Emily I. Edwards, Tracy A. Queller, David C. Strassmann, Joan E. TI Segregate or cooperate- a study of the interaction between two species of Dictyostelium SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELLULAR SLIME-MOLDS; SOCIAL AMEBA; EVOLUTION; DISCOIDEUM; MUTUALISM; MICROORGANISMS; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR AB Background: A major challenge for evolutionary biology is explaining altruism, particularly when it involves death of one party and occurs across species. Chimeric fruiting bodies of Dictyostelium discoideum and Dictyostelium purpureum develop from formerly independent amoebae, and some die to help others. Here we examine co-aggregation between D. discoideum and D. purpureum, determine its frequency and which party benefits, and the extent of fair play in contribution to the altruistic caste. Results: We mixed cells from both species in equal proportions, and then we analyzed 198 individual fruiting bodies, which always had either a D. discoideum or D. purpureum phenotype (D. discoideum-98, D. purpureum-100). Fifty percent of the fruiting bodies that looked like D. discoideum and 22% of the fruiting bodies that looked like D. purpureum were chimeric, though the majority of spores in any given fruiting body belonged to one species (D. discoideum fruiting bodies-0.85 +/- 0.03, D. purpureum fruiting bodies-0.94 +/- 0.02). Clearly, there is species level recognition occurring that keeps the cells mostly separate. The number of fruiting bodies produced with the D. discoideum phenotype increased from 225 +/- 32 fruiting bodies when D. discoideum was alone to 486 +/- 61 in the mix treatments. However, the number of D. discoideum spores decreased, although not significantly, from 2.75e(7) +/- 1.29e(7) spores in the controls to 2.06e(7) +/- 8.33e(6) spores in the mix treatments. D. purpureum fruiting body and spore production decreased from 719 +/- 111 fruiting bodies and 5.81e(7) +/- 1.26e(7) spores in the controls to 394 +/- 111 fruiting bodies and 9.75e(6) +/- 2.25e(6) spores in the mix treatments. Conclusion: Both species appear to favor clonality but can cooperate with each other to produce fruiting bodies. Cooperating amoebae are able to make larger fruiting bodies, which are advantageous for migration and dispersal, but both species here suffer a cost in producing fewer spores per fruiting body. C1 [Jack, Chandra N.; Ridgeway, Julia G.; Mehdiabadi, Natasha J.; Jones, Emily I.; Edwards, Tracy A.; Queller, David C.; Strassmann, Joan E.] Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Mehdiabadi, Natasha J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Jones, Emily I.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Jack, CN (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM chanj@rice.edu; jgr4281@rice.edu; mehdiabadi@si.edu; eijones@email.arizona.edu; tracye@rice.edu; queller@rice.edu; strassm@rice.edu RI Jones, Emily/B-7895-2010; OI Jones, Emily/0000-0002-0605-884X; Strassmann, Joan/0000-0003-0638-8440 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EF 0626963]; NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship [DBI-0301415]; Keck Postdoctoral Fellowship in Computational Biology [5T15 LM07093] FX We thank Gerda Saxer and Elizabeth Ostrowoski for help with statistical analysis and advice. We thank Stephen Rodriguez for help with data collection and experiment set up. We thank Owen Gilbert for his pictures and Nat Holland for his advice. We also thank our reviewers for their comments. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Program under Grant EF 0626963. N.J.M. was supported by NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship DBI-0301415 in Microbial Biology and a Keck Postdoctoral Fellowship in Computational Biology ( National Library of Medicine Grant 5T15 LM07093). NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD OCT 24 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 293 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-8-293 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 368XM UT WOS:000260656500001 PM 18950497 ER PT J AU Choi, Y Wang, Y Zeng, T Cunnold, D Yang, ES Martin, R Chance, K Thouret, V Edgerton, E AF Choi, Yunsoo Wang, Yuhang Zeng, Tao Cunnold, Derek Yang, Eun-Su Martin, Randall Chance, Kelly Thouret, Valerie Edgerton, Eric TI Springtime transitions of NO2, CO, and O-3 over North America: Model evaluation and analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MOZAIC AIRBORNE PROGRAM; HIGH-LATITUDES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; WATER-VAPOR; REACTIVE NITROGEN; DATA ASSIMILATION; ART.; TOPSE; TRANSPORT AB Surface observations from AIRNow and Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization Study networks, aircraft observations from the Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft program, ozonesondes, and remote sensing measurements from Global Ozone Mapping Experiment, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II for February-May 2000 over North America are used to characterize the springtime transitions of O-3 and its precursors. These measurements provide a comprehensive data set to evaluate the performance of the 3-D Regional Chemical Transport Model (REAM). The model is then applied to analyze the key factors affecting the springtime transitions of trace gas concentrations and export. The global GEOS-CHEM model is used to provide chemical initial and boundary conditions. Generally, the model results are in good agreement with the observations in the troposphere except for a low bias of upper tropospheric O-3; the bias decreases toward the summer and lower latitudes. The rate of observed surface O-3 increase in spring is simulated well by REAM. It is overestimated by GEOS-CHEM over the eastern United States. A key factor driving the model difference is daytime mixing depth. A shallow boundary layer in REAM leads to more efficient removal of radicals and hence slower activation of photochemistry in spring, when the primary radical source is relatively small. Comparison of top-down estimates of fossil fuel NOx emissions between REAM and GEOS-CHEM shows model dependence. The associated uncertainty is up to 20% on a monthly basis. Averaging over a season reduces this uncertainty. While tropospheric column NO2 decreases over the continent, it increases over the western North Atlantic due to lightning NOx production. Consequently, the REAM model simulates significant increases of tropospheric O-3 over the region as indicated by column data derived from TOMS-SAGE II. Lightning impact is also evident in model-simulated NOx exports. C1 [Choi, Yunsoo; Wang, Yuhang; Zeng, Tao; Cunnold, Derek; Yang, Eun-Su] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Martin, Randall] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Chance, Kelly] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Thouret, Valerie] CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Edgerton, Eric] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Durham, NC 27707 USA. RP Choi, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ywang@eas.gatech.edu RI Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; OI Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 FU NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program; National Science Foundation Atmospheric Chemistry Program FX We thank Daniel Jacob and Robert Yantosca for providing GEOS-CHEM model and data, Mian Chin for providing aerosol optical depth data, Dale Allen and Louisa Emmons for helping us analyze MOPITT CO and ozonesonde data, and Kenneth Cummins for providing the NLDN effective detection efficiency. The GEOS-CHEM model is managed at Harvard University with support from the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Atmospheric Chemistry Program. NR 52 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 24 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D20 AR D20311 DI 10.1029/2007JD009632 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 365GI UT WOS:000260393500001 ER PT J AU DiMichele, WA Kerp, H Tabor, NJ Looy, CV AF DiMichele, William A. Kerp, Hans Tabor, Neil J. Looy, Cynthia V. TI The so-called "Paleophytic-Mesophytic" transition in equatorial Pangea - Multiple biomes and vegetational tracking of climate change through geological time SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Paleophytic; Mesophytic; Paleobotany; Paleoecology; Extinction; Evolution ID HYDROGEN ISOTOPE COMPOSITIONS; NORTH-CENTRAL TEXAS; PERMIAN FLORA; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION; ILLINOIS BASIN; CLAY-MINERALS; NOVA-SCOTIA; NEW-MEXICO; PALEOSOL; PLANT AB The Paleophytic, Mesophytic and Cenophytic were originally conceptualized as chronostratigraphic intervals (not specific floras) and were used principally in that way for about 100 years. They supposedly reflected massive, irreversible biotic changes on land that were thought to have happened about half a geological period prior to the changes in marine faunas that mark the more traditional geological era boundaries. The terms were applied initially only to terrestrial rocks from the Euramerican portions of equatorial Pangea, especially parts of central Europe, where the boundary between the Paleophytic and Mesophytic, the "eras" of interest here, was placed at the top of the German Rotliegends. More recently, the terms have been coopted to describe vegetation types (not chronostratigraphic units), even to the point where specific Linnean ordinal or class level clades (evolutionary lineages) of plants have been attributed solely to one vegetation type or the other at a global level. Furthermore, the "Paleophytic-Mesophytic" transition has been recognized in the largely taxonomically distinct vegetation types of temperate as well as the equatorial paleolatitudes. The result of this conceptual coopting of terms that already were of questionable value, is a blurring of the concepts almost to the point of meaninglessness. A reading of the literature indicates confusion in terms of what represents the "Paleophytic" flora vs. the "Mesophytic" flora, the botanical basis for the floras and the taxonomic scale at which they can be recognized, the geographic pattern and temporal correlation of the supposed transition, and the evolutionary and ecological significance of the vegetational changes these terms supposedly capture. We propose that these terms be completely and utterly abandoned as confusing and, worse yet, misleading. Evidence suggests that Paleozoic vegetation tracked climate, which should not come as a surprise in light of what is known of plant dynamics in the Holocene and Recent. Furthermore, the evidence for a global "Paleophytic" vs. "Mesophytic" "vegetation" is simply unsubstantiated by the fossil record. Rather, there appears to have been a complex of global species pools reflecting climate at many spatio-temporal scales. The vegetational changes occurring in the late Paleozoic thus can be understood best when examined as spatial-temporal changes in biome-scale species pools responding to major global climate changes, locally and regionally manifested. (c) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DiMichele, William A.; Looy, Cynthia V.] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Kerp, Hans] Univ Munster, Inst Geol Palaontol, Forschungsstelle Palaobot, Munster, Germany. [Tabor, Neil J.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Geol, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP DiMichele, WA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM dimichel@si.edu; kerp@uni-muenster.de; ntabor@mail.smu.edu; looyc@si.edu RI DiMichele, William/K-4301-2012 FU National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution FX We thank Christopher Cleal and Hermann Pfefferkorn for the critical comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript, and Ivo Duijnstee for assistance with the figures. This is publication number 101 of the Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems Program at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, which is acknowledged for the partial support of the research and of CVL. NR 121 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD OCT 24 PY 2008 VL 268 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.06.006 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 372BT UT WOS:000260877100004 ER PT J AU Hoke, KL Ryan, MJ Wilczynski, W AF Hoke, Kim L. Ryan, Michael J. Wilczynski, Walter TI Candidate neural locus for sex differences in reproductive decisions SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE immediate-early gene; Physalaemus pustulosus; tungara frogs; inferior colliculus; torus semicircularis ID TUNGARA FROGS; ADVERTISEMENT CALLS; COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIOR; ANURAN; INTEGRATION; RESPONSES; RECEPTION; MIDBRAIN; HORMONES AB Sexual selection and signal detection theories predict that females should be selective in their responses to mating signals in mate choice, while the response of males to signals in male competition should be less selective. The neural processes underlying this behavioural sex difference remain obscure. Differences in behavioural selectivity could result from differences in how sensitive sensory systems are to mating signals, distinct thresholds in motor areas regulating behaviour, or sex differences in selectivity at a gateway relaying sensory information to motor systems. We tested these hypotheses in frogs using the expression of egr-1 to quantify the neural responses of each sex to mating signals. We found that egr-1 expression in a midbrain auditory region was elevated in males in response to both conspecific and heterospecific calls, whereas in females, egr-1 induction occurred only in response to conspecific signals. This differential neural selectivity mirrored the sex differences in behavioural responsiveness to these stimuli. By contrast, egr-1 expression in lower brainstem auditory centres was not different in males and females. Our results support a model in which sex differences in behavioural selectivity arise from sex differences in the neural selectivity in midbrain areas relaying sensory information to the forebrain. C1 [Hoke, Kim L.; Ryan, Michael J.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ryan, Michael J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Wilczynski, Walter] Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Wilczynski, Walter] Georgia State Univ, Ctr Behav Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. RP Hoke, KL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn,C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM kim_hoke@yahoo.com FU National Science Foundation; National Institutes of Health; American Association of University Women FX All experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Texas at Austin and by the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente del Republica de Panama.; This work was funded by the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health and American Association of University Women. We would like to thank Ryan Taylor for support in Panama. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 2008 VL 4 IS 5 BP 518 EP 521 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0192 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 346RC UT WOS:000259085900023 PM 18611839 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, PA Lemaitre, R AF McLaughlin, Patsy A. Lemaitre, Rafael TI Larvae of two species of Trizocheles (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea: Pylochelidae: Trizochelinae), description of the adult of one, and preliminary implications of development on pylochelid phylogeny SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Decapoda; Anomura; Paguroidea; Pylochelidae; Trizochelinae; Trizocheles; Pylocheles; Pomatocheles; new species; advanced and lecithotrophic development; phylogeny ID HERMIT-CRAB; CRUSTACEA AB The larvae of two species of the pylochelid genus Trizocheles are described from prematurely hatched specimens and compared with earlier described larvae of Pylocheles (Pylocheles) and Pomatocheles. Although all are lecithotrophic and exhibit marked advanced development, differences in the larval morphology among the three genera are profound. Consideration is given to these differences as they relate to development in the entire Paguroidea, and the possible impact they may have on pylochelid phylogeny. As one of the Trizocheles species is undescribed, adults as well as larvae are described and illustrated. C1 [McLaughlin, Patsy A.] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. [Lemaitre, Rafael] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP McLaughlin, PA (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, 1900 Shannon Point Rd, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. EM hermit@fidalgo.net; lemaitrr@si.edu NR 56 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 22 PY 2008 IS 1911 BP 52 EP 68 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 366OO UT WOS:000260492300003 ER PT J AU Smillie, DG Pickering, JC Smith, PL AF Smillie, D. G. Pickering, J. C. Smith, P. L. TI Reference ultraviolet wavelengths of CrIII measured by Fourier transform spectrometry SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line: identification; methods: laboratory ID TERM ANALYSIS; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; IRON GROUP; FE-I; DISCHARGE; SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; ASTROPHYSICS AB We report Cr III ultraviolet (UV) transition wavelengths measured using a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS), for the first time, available for use as wavelength standards. The doubly ionized iron group element spectra dominate the observed opacity of hot B stars in the UV, and improved, accurate, wavelengths are required for the analysis of astronomical spectra. The spectrum was excited using a chromium-neon Penning discharge lamp and measured with the Imperial College vacuum ultraviolet FTS. 140 classified 3d(3)4s-3d(3)4p Cr III transition lines, in the spectral range 38 000 to 49 000 cm(-1) (2632 to 2041 angstrom), the strongest having wavelength uncertainties less than one part in 10(7), are presented. C1 [Smillie, D. G.; Pickering, J. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Smith, P. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Smillie, DG (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. EM j.pickering@imperial.ac.uk FU NASA [NAG5-12668] FX DGS gratefully acknowledges technical advice from R. J. Blackwell-Whitehead. This work was funded by NASA Grant NAG5-12668, The Leverhulme Trust and PPARC of the UK. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 21 PY 2008 VL 390 IS 2 BP 733 EP 740 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13768.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357TX UT WOS:000259870600022 ER PT J AU Night, C Di Stefano, R Schwamb, M AF Night, Christopher Di Stefano, Rosanne Schwamb, Megan TI BEYOND CAUSTIC CROSSINGS: PROPERTIES OF BINARY MICROLENSING LIGHT CURVES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing ID III EWS DATABASE; SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; PLANETARY SYSTEMS; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; EVENTS; STARS; CHANNEL AB Binary microlensing light curves have a variety of morphologies. Many are indistinguishable from point-lens light curves. Of those that deviate from the point-lens form, caustic crossing light curves have tended to dominate identified binary-lens events. Other distinctive signatures of binary lenses include significant asymmetry, multiple peaks, and repeating events. We have quantified, using high-resolution simulations, the theoretically expected relative numbers of each type of binary-lens event, based on its measurable characteristics. We find that a microlensing survey with current levels of photometric uncertainty and sampling should contain at least as many non-caustic crossing binary-lens events as caustic crossing events; in future surveys with more sensitive photometry, the contribution of distinctive nonYcaustic crossing events will be even greater. To show that this result is robust, we investigate the influence of several physical effects, including blending, sampling rate, and various binary populations. C1 [Night, Christopher; Di Stefano, Rosanne] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Di Stefano, Rosanne] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Di Stefano, Rosanne] Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Schwamb, Megan] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Night, C (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Schwamb, Megan/0000-0003-4365-1455 FU NASA [NAG5-10705, PHY05-51164]; SAO Internal Research and Development FX R. D. would like to thank Rosalba Perna and Nada Petrovic for conversations. Funded in part by NASA NAG5-10705, PHY05-51164, and a grant for SAO Internal Research and Development. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 2 BP 785 EP 800 DI 10.1086/590320 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YB UT WOS:000260370500003 ER PT J AU Younger, JD Hopkins, PF Cox, TJ Hernquist, L AF Younger, Joshua D. Hopkins, Philip F. Cox, T. J. Hernquist, Lars TI THE SELF-REGULATED GROWTH OF SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE black hole physics; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: general; methods: numerical ID M-BH-SIGMA; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; DARK-MATTER HALOES; VELOCITY DISPERSION CORRELATION; CENTRAL MASS CONCENTRATIONS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; DOUBLE-BARRED GALAXIES; BROAD ABSORPTION-LINE AB We present a series of simulations of the self-regulated growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galaxies via three different fueling mechanisms: major mergers, minor mergers, and disk instabilities. The SMBHs in all three scenarios follow the same black hole fundamental plane (BHFP) and correlation with bulge binding energy seen in simulations of major mergers, and observed locally. Furthermore, provided that the total gas supply is significantly larger than the mass of the SMBH, its limiting mass is not influenced by the amount of gas available or the efficiency of black hole growth. This supports the assertion that SMBHs accrete until they reach a critical mass at which feedback is sufficient to unbind the gas locally, terminating the inflow and stalling further growth. At the same time, while minor and major mergers follow the same projected correlations (e.g., the M-BH-sigma and Magorrian relations), SMBHs grown via disk instabilities do not, owing to structural differences between the host bulges. This finding is supported by recent observations of SMBHs in pseudobulges and bulges in barred systems, as compared to those hosted by classical bulges. Taken together, this provides support for the BHFP and binding energy correlations as being more "fundamental'' than other proposed correlations in that they reflect the physical mechanism driving the coevolution of SMBHs and spheroids. C1 [Younger, Joshua D.; Hopkins, Philip F.; Cox, T. J.; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Younger, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jyounger@cfa.harvard.edu FU Keck Foundation FX Thanks in particular to the anonymous referee for their helpful comments on this manuscript. We also thank Marijn Franx, Dusan Keres, Stephanie Bush, Gurtina Besla, Chris Hayward, Nick Scoville, Dave Sanders, Lisa Kewley, and Doug Richstone for helpful comments and discussions. These simulations were performed at the Harvard Institute for Theory and Computation. This work is supported in part by a grant from the W. M. Keck Foundation. NR 163 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 2 BP 815 EP 828 DI 10.1086/591639 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YB UT WOS:000260370500005 ER PT J AU Birzan, L McNamara, BR Nulsen, PEJ Carilli, CL Wise, MW AF Birzan, L. McNamara, B. R. Nulsen, P. E. J. Carilli, C. L. Wise, M. W. TI RADIATIVE EFFICIENCY AND CONTENT OF EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO SOURCES: TOWARD A UNIVERSAL SCALING RELATION BETWEEN JET POWER AND RADIO POWER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies: active; galaxies: clusters: general; radio continuum: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; CLUSTER MAGNETIC-FIELDS; COOLING FLOW CLUSTERS; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; HYDRA-A CLUSTER; FARADAY-ROTATION; GALAXY CLUSTER; PERSEUS CLUSTER; BLACK-HOLES; CYGNUS-A AB We present an analysis of the energetics and particle content of the lobes of 24 radio galaxies at the cores of cooling clusters. The radio lobes in these systems have created visible cavities in the surrounding hot, X-ray-emitting gas, which allow direct measurement of the mechanical jet power of radio sources over six decades of radio luminosity, independently of the radio properties themselves. We find that jet (cavity) power increases with radio synchrotron power approximately as P-jet similar to L-radio(beta), where 0.35 <= beta <= 0.70 depending on the bandpass of measurement and state of the source. However, the scatter about these relations caused by variations in radiative efficiency spans more than 4 orders of magnitude. A number of factors contribute to this scatter, including aging, entrainment, variations in magnetic field strengths, and the partitioning of energy between electrons and nonradiating heavy particles. After accounting for variations in synchrotron break frequency (age), the scatter is reduced by approximate to 50%, yielding the most accurate scaling relation available between the lobe radio power and the jet (cavity) power. Furthermore, we place limits on the magnetic field strengths and particle content of the radio lobes using a variety of X-ray constraints. We find that the lobe magnetic field strengths vary between a few to several tens of microgauss depending on the age and dynamical state of the lobes. If the cavities are maintained in pressure balance with their surroundings and are supported by internal fields and particles in equipartition, the ratio of energy in electrons to heavy particles (k) must vary widely from approximately unity to 4000, consistent with heavy (hadronic) jets. C1 [Birzan, L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Birzan, L.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [McNamara, B. R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [McNamara, B. R.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [McNamara, B. R.; Nulsen, P. E. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Carilli, C. L.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Wise, M. W.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Birzan, L (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OI Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493 NR 133 TC 172 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 2 BP 859 EP 880 DI 10.1086/591416 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YB UT WOS:000260370500010 ER PT J AU Finoguenov, A Ruszkowski, M Jones, C Bruggen, M Vikhlinin, A Mandel, E AF Finoguenov, A. Ruszkowski, M. Jones, C. Brueggen, M. Vikhlinin, A. Mandel, E. TI IN-DEPTH CHANDRA STUDY OF THE AGN FEEDBACK IN VIRGO ELLIPTICAL GALAXY M84 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE intergalactic medium; galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY; XMM-NEWTON; GASEOUS ATMOSPHERE; PERSEUS CLUSTER; BUBBLES; CORE; SIMULATIONS; SHOCKS AB Using deep Chandra observations of M84, we study the energetics of the interaction between the black hole and the interstellar medium of this early-type galaxy. We perform a detailed two-dimensional reconstruction of the properties of the X-ray-emitting gas using a constrained Voronoi tessellation method, identifying the mean trends and carrying out the fluctuation analysis of the thermodynamical properties of the hot ISM. In addition to the PV work associated with the bubble expansion, we identify and measure the wave energy associated with the mildly supersonic bubble expansion. We show that, depending on the age of the cavity and the associated wave, the waves can make a substantial contribution to the total energy release from the AGN. The energy dissipated in the waves tends to be concentrated near the center of M84 and in the direction perpendicular to the bubble outflow, possibly due to the interference of the waves generated by the expansion of northern and southern bubbles. We also find direct evidence for the escape of radio plasma from the ISM of the host galaxy into the intergalactic medium. C1 [Finoguenov, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Finoguenov, A.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Ruszkowski, M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ruszkowski, M.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Jones, C.; Vikhlinin, A.; Mandel, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brueggen, M.] Jacobs Univ Bremen, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. RP Finoguenov, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. FU Chandra Theory [TM8-9011X]; DFG [2026/3]; John Neumann Institut (NIC) FX A. F. acknowledges support from BMBF/DLR under grant 50 OR 0507. A. F. thanks CfA for hospitality during his visits. A. F. thanks Jaiwon Kim and Gerard Lemson for their help in publishing the data through GAVO. M. R. acknowledges Chandra Theory grant TM8-9011X. M. B. acknowledges the support by the DFG grant BR 2026/3 and the supercomputing grants NIC 2195 and 2256 at the John Neumann Institut (NIC) in Julich. The results presented were produced using the FLASH code, a product of the DOE ASC/Alliances-funded Center for Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes at the University of Chicago. The authors thank the anonymous referee for an insightful report that helped to improve the material presented in this paper. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 2 BP 911 EP 917 DI 10.1086/591662 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YB UT WOS:000260370500013 ER PT J AU Krick, JE Surace, JA Thompson, D Ashby, MLN Hora, JL Gorjian, V Yan, L AF Krick, J. E. Surace, J. A. Thompson, D. Ashby, M. L. N. Hora, J. L. Gorjian, V. Yan, L. TI GALAXY CLUSTERS IN THE IRAC DARK FIELD. I. GROWTH OF THE RED SEQUENCE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: photometry ID COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; RAY SCALING RELATIONS; ROSAT POINTED SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; HIGH-REDSHIFT; EVOLUTION; POPULATION; DISCOVERY; MASS; RDCS-1252.9-2927 AB Using three newly identified galaxy clusters at z similar to 1 (photometric redshift) we measure the evolution of the galaxies within clusters from high redshift to the present day by studying the growth of the red cluster sequence. The clusters are located in the Spitzer InfraredArray Camera (IRAC) Dark Field, an extremely deep mid-infrared survey near the north ecliptic pole with photometry in 18 total bands from X-ray through far-IR. Two of the candidate clusters are additionally detected as extended emission in matching Chandra data in the survey area, allowing us to measure their masses to be M-500 = (6.2 +/- 1.0) x 10(13) and (3.6 +/- 1.1) x 10(13) M-circle dot. For all three clusters we create a composite color-magnitude diagram in rest-frame B - K using our deep HST and Spitzer imaging. By comparing the fraction of low-luminosity member galaxies on the composite red sequence with the corresponding population in local clusters at z 0: 1 taken from COSMOS, we examine the effect of a galaxy's mass on its evolution. We find a deficit of faint galaxies on the red sequence in our z similar to 1 clusters, which implies that more massive galaxies have evolved in clusters faster than less massive galaxies, and that the lessmassive galaxies are still forming stars in clusters such that they have not yet settled onto the red sequence. C1 [Krick, J. E.; Surace, J. A.; Yan, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Thompson, D.] Univ Arizona, Large Binocular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ashby, M. L. N.; Hora, J. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gorjian, V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Krick, JE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 2 BP 918 EP 926 DI 10.1086/591788 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YB UT WOS:000260370500014 ER PT J AU Bolatto, AD Leroy, AK Rosolowsky, E Walter, F Blitz, L AF Bolatto, Alberto D. Leroy, Adam K. Rosolowsky, Erik Walter, Fabian Blitz, Leo TI THE RESOLVED PROPERTIES OF EXTRAGALACTIC GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies: dwarf; galaxies: individual (IC 10, M31, M33, NGC 185, NGC 205, NGC 1569, NGC 2976, NGC 3077, NGC 4214, NGC 4449, NGC 4605); galaxies: ISM; ISM: clouds; Magellanic Clouds ID SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; COMPRESSIBLE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCE VARIATIONS; CO-TO-H-2 CONVERSION FACTOR; DWARF IRREGULAR GALAXIES; REGULATED STAR-FORMATION; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; 1ST GALACTIC QUADRANT; FAR-INFRARED EMISSION; DARK-MATTER HALO AB We use high spatial resolution observations of CO to systematically measure the resolved size-line width, luminosity-line width, luminosity-size, and mass-luminosity relations of GMCs in a variety of extragalactic systems. Although the data are heterogeneous, we analyze them in a consistent manner to remove the biases introduced by limited sensitivity and resolution, thus obtaining reliable sizes, velocity dispersions, and luminosities. We compare the results obtained in dwarf galaxies with those from the Local Group spiral galaxies. We find that extragalactic GMC properties measured across a wide range of environments are very much compatible with those in the Galaxy. The property that shows the largest variability is their resolved brightness temperature, although even that is similar to the average Galactic value in most sources. We use these results to investigate metallicity trends in the cloud average column density and virial CO-to-H-2 factor. We find that these measurements do not accord with simple predictions from photoionization-regulated star formation theory, although this could be due to the fact that we do not sample small enough spatial scales or the full gravitational potential of the molecular cloud. We also find that the virial CO-to-H-2 conversion factor in CO-bright GMCs is very similar to Galactic and that the excursions do not show a measurable metallicity trend. We contrast these results with estimates of molecular mass based on far-infrared measurements obtained for the Small Magellanic Cloud, which systematically yield larger masses, and interpret this discrepancy as arising from large H-2 envelopes that surround the CO-bright cores. We conclude that GMCs identified on the basis of their CO emission are a unique class of objects that exhibit a remarkably uniform set of properties from galaxy to galaxy. C1 [Bolatto, Alberto D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bolatto, Alberto D.] Univ Maryland, Lab Millimeter Wave Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Leroy, Adam K.; Walter, Fabian] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Rosolowsky, Erik] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rosolowsky, Erik] Univ British Columbia Okanagan, Dept Math Stat & Phys, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. [Blitz, Leo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Blitz, Leo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bolatto, AD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bolatto@astro.umd.edu FU National Science Foundation [AST 05-40450] FX We thank the referee, Christine Wilson, for her thoughtful and constructive comments. We wish to thank Lisa Young, Christopher L. Taylor, Monica Rubio, and Frank Israel for making the data on NGC 185, NGC 205, NGC 1569, LIRS 36, and LIRS 49 available for this study. We also want to thank Christopher McKee, Eve Ostriker, Mark Wolfire, Mark Heyer, Mark Krumholz, Monica Rubio, Stuart Vogel, and Andrew Harris for valuable discussions and comments on drafts of this manuscript. Alberto Bolatto wishes to acknowledge partial support from the National Science Foundation grant AST 05-40450. NR 126 TC 233 Z9 234 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 2 BP 948 EP 965 DI 10.1086/591513 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YB UT WOS:000260370500016 ER PT J AU Heinz, S Grimm, HJ Sunyaev, RA Fender, RP AF Heinz, S. Grimm, H. J. Sunyaev, R. A. Fender, R. P. TI BLAZING TRAILS: MICROQUASARS AS HEAD-TAIL SOURCES AND THE SEEDING OF MAGNETIZED PLASMA INTO THE ISM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; ISM: jets and outflows; X-rays: binaries ID X-RAY BINARIES; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; BLACK-HOLE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; LARGE-SCALE; JETS; GALAXIES; ATMOSPHERES AB We discuss the dynamics of microquasar jets in the interstellar medium, with specific focus on the effects of the X-ray binaries' space velocity with respect to the local Galactic standard of rest. We argue that, during late stages in the evolution of large scale radio nebulae around microquasars, the ram pressure of the interstellar medium due to the microquasar's space velocity becomes important, and that microquasars with high velocities form the Galactic equivalent of extragalactic head-tail sources, i.e., that they leave behind trails of stripped radio plasma. Because of their higher space velocities, low-mass X-ray binaries are more likely to leave trails than high-mass X-ray binaries. We show that the volume of radio plasma released by microquasars over the history of the Galaxy is comparable to the disk volume, and argue that a fraction of a few percent of the radio plasma left behind by the X-ray binary is likely mixed with the neutral phases of the ISM before the plasma is removed from the disk by buoyancy. Because the formation microquasars is an unavoidable by-product of star formation, and because they can travel far from their birthplaces, their activity likely has important consequences for the evolution of magnetic fields in forming galaxies. We show that radio emission from the plasma inside the trail should be detectable at low frequencies. We suggest that LMXBs with high detected proper motions, such as XTE J1118+480, will be the best candidates for such a search. C1 [Heinz, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53593 USA. [Grimm, H. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sunyaev, R. A.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Fender, R. P.] Univ Southampton, Dept Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Heinz, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, 6508 Sterling Hall,475 N Charter St, Madison, WI 53593 USA. EM heinzs@astro.wisc.edu FU NSF [0707682] FX We would like to thank A. Merloni, S. Markoff, M. Nowak, and C. Kaiser for helpful discussions. S. H. acknowledges support from NSF astrophysics grant 0707682. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 2 BP 1145 EP 1154 DI 10.1086/591435 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YB UT WOS:000260370500029 ER PT J AU Hernandez, J Hartmann, L Calvet, N Jeffries, RD Gutermuth, R Muzerolle, J Stauffer, J AF Hernandez, Jesus Hartmann, Lee Calvet, Nuria Jeffries, R. D. Gutermuth, R. Muzerolle, J. Stauffer, J. TI A SPITZER VIEW OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS IN THE gamma VELORUM CLUSTER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared: stars; open clusters and associations: individual (gamma Velorum); planetary systems: protoplanetary disks; stars: pre-main-sequence ID MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; NEARBY OB ASSOCIATIONS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; T-TAURI STARS; DEBRIS DISKS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS AB We present new Spitzer Space Telescope observations of stars in the young (similar to 5 Myr) gamma Velorum stellar cluster. Combining optical and 2MASS photometry, we have selected 579 stars as candidate members of the cluster. With the addition of the Spitzer mid-infrared data, we have identified five debris disks around A-type stars and five to six debris disks around solar-type stars, indicating that the strong radiation field in the cluster does not completely suppress the production of planetesimals in the disks of cluster members. However, we find some evidence that the frequency of circumstellar primordial disks is lower, and the infrared flux excesses are smaller than for disks around stellar populations with similar ages. This could be evidence for a relatively fast dissipation of circumstellar dust by the strong radiation field from the highest mass star(s) in the cluster. Another possibility is that gamma Velorum stellar cluster is slightly older than reported ages and the low frequency of primordial disks reflects the fast disk dissipation observed at similar to 5 Myr. C1 [Hernandez, Jesus; Hartmann, Lee; Calvet, Nuria] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hernandez, Jesus] Ctr Invest Astron, Merida 5101A, Venezuela. [Jeffries, R. D.] Univ Keele, Sch Phys & Geog Sci, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Gutermuth, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Muzerolle, J.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stauffer, J.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hernandez, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 830 Dennison Bldg,500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU NASA [NAG5-13210, 1277575, 1285169]; University of Michigan FX We thank Aletta Tibbetts for helping us in the initial steps of the IRAC reduction data. An anonymous referee provided many insightful comments. This publication makes use of data products from Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope (GO-1 0037), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by University of Michigan and NASA grants NAG5-13210, NASA-1277575, and NASA-1285169. NR 76 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 2 BP 1195 EP 1208 DI 10.1086/591224 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YB UT WOS:000260370500033 ER PT J AU Charbonneau, D Knutson, HA Barman, T Allen, LE Mayor, M Megeath, ST Queloz, D Udry, S AF Charbonneau, David Knutson, Heather A. Barman, Travis Allen, Lori E. Mayor, Michel Megeath, S. Thomas Queloz, Didier Udry, Stephane TI THE BROADBAND INFRARED EMISSION SPECTRUM OF THE EXOPLANET HD 189733b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; infrared: stars; planetary systems; stars: individual (HD 189733); techniques: photometric ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANET; SECONDARY ECLIPSE PHOTOMETRY; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; LIGHT-CURVE PROJECT; HOT JUPITERS; GIANT PLANETS; TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM; THERMAL EMISSION; UPPER LIMIT AB We present Spitzer Space Telescope time series photometry of the exoplanet system HD 189733 spanning two times of secondary eclipse, when the planet passes out of view behind the parent star. We estimate the relative eclipse depth in five distinct bands and find the planet-to-star flux ratio to be 0.256% +/- 0.014% (3.6 mu m), 0.214% +/- 0.020% (4.5 mu m), 0.310% +/- 0.034% (5.8 mu m), 0.391% +/- 0.022% (8.0 mu m), and 0.598% +/- 0.038% (24 mu m). For consistency, we reanalyze a previously published time series to deduce a contrast ratio in an additional band, 0.519% +/- 0.020% (16 mu m). Our data are strongly inconsistent with a Planck spectrum, and we clearly detect emission near 4 mu m as predicted by published theoretical models in which this feature arises from a corresponding opacity window. Unlike recent results for the exoplanet HD 209458b, we find that the emergent spectrum from HD 189733b is best matched by models that do not include an atmospheric temperature inversion. Taken together, these two studies provide initial observational support for the idea that hot Jupiter atmospheres diverge into two classes, in which a thermal inversion layer is present for the more strongly irradiated objects. C1 [Charbonneau, David; Knutson, Heather A.; Allen, Lori E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Barman, Travis] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Mayor, Michel; Queloz, Didier; Udry, Stephane] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. [Megeath, S. Thomas] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Charbonneau, D (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dcharbonneau@cfa.harvard.edu OI Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X FU NASA; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. H. A. K. was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 78 TC 158 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 2 BP 1341 EP 1348 DI 10.1086/591635 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YB UT WOS:000260370500044 ER PT J AU Ciaravella, A Raymond, JC AF Ciaravella, A. Raymond, J. C. TI THE CURRENT SHEET ASSOCIATED WITH THE 2003 NOVEMBER 4 CORONAL MASS EJECTION: DENSITY, TEMPERATURE, THICKNESS, AND LINE WIDTH SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: UV radiation ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SOLAR-FLARE; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; MECHANISM; FEATURES; REGIONS; CHIANTI; MODEL; BURST AB In the wake of the 2003 November 4 coronal mass ejection associated with the largest solar flare of the last sunspot cycle, a current sheet ( CS) was observed by the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) as a narrow bright feature in the [Fe XVIII] (10(6.8) K) line. This is the first UV observation in which the CS evolution is followed from its onset. UV spectra provide diagnostics of electron temperature, emission measure, Doppler shift, line width, and size of the CS as function of time. Since the UVCS slit was inside the Mark IV K-coronameter (MK4) field of view, the combination of UV spectra and MK4 white light data provides estimates of the electron density and depth along the line of sight of the CS. The thickness of the CS in the [Fe XVIII] line is far larger than classical or anomalous resistivity would predict, and it might indicate an effective resistivity much larger than anomalous resistivity, such as that due to hyperdiffusion. The broad [Fe XVIII] line profiles in the CS cannot be explained as thermal widths. They result from a combination of bulk motions and turbulence. The Petschek reconnection mechanism and turbulent reconnection may be consistent with the observations. C1 [Ciaravella, A.] Osserv Astron Palermo, INAF, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Ciaravella, A.; Raymond, J. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ciaravella, A (reprint author), Osserv Astron Palermo, INAF, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. OI Ciaravella, Angela/0000-0002-3127-8078 FU NASA [NNG06GG78G]; Italian Space Agency (ASI) [I/015/07/0] FX This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNG06GG78G to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. A. C. acknowledges support from Italian Space Agency (ASI) under contract I/015/07/0. The authors thank ISSI ( International Space Science Institute, Bern) for the hospitality provided to the members of the team on the "Role of Current Sheets in Solar Eruptive Events'' where many of the ideas presented in this work have been discussed. This work used data from the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory operated by HAO and the CHIANTI database. CHIANTI is a collaborative project involving the NRL (USA), RAL (UK), MSSL (UK), the Universities of Florence (Italy) and Cambridge (UK), and George Mason University (USA). We thank Y.- K. Ko for comments that improved the clarity of the paper. NR 38 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 2 BP 1372 EP 1382 DI 10.1086/590655 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YB UT WOS:000260370500047 ER PT J AU Heinzel, P Schmieder, B Farnik, F Schwartz, P Labrosse, N Kotrc, P Anzer, U Molodij, G Berlicki, A DeLuca, EE Golub, L Watanabe, T Berger, T AF Heinzel, P. Schmieder, B. Farnik, F. Schwartz, P. Labrosse, N. Kotrc, P. Anzer, U. Molodij, G. Berlicki, A. DeLuca, E. E. Golub, L. Watanabe, T. Berger, T. TI HINODE, TRACE, SOHO, AND GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS OF A QUIESCENT PROMINENCE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: prominences; Sun: UV radiation; techniques: spectroscopic ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; TRANSITION REGION; CORONAL EXPLORER; ABSORPTION FEATURES; EUV-FILAMENT; MODEL PROMINENCES; EMITTED RADIATION; SOLAR PROMINENCES; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; ATOMIC DATABASE AB A quiescent prominence was observed by several instruments on 2007 April 25. The temporal evolution was recorded in H alpha by the Hinode SOT, in X-rays by the Hinode XRT, and in the 195 angstrom channel by TRACE. Moreover, ground-based observatories (GBOs) provided calibrated H alpha intensities. Simultaneous extreme-UV (EUV) data were also taken by the Hinode EIS and SOHO SUMER and CDS instruments. Here we have selected the SOT H alpha image taken at 13: 19 UT, which nicely shows the prominence fine structure. We compare this image with cotemporaneous ones taken by the XRT and TRACE and show the intensity variations along several cuts parallel to the solar limb. EIS spectra were obtained about half an hour later. Dark prominence structure clearly seen in the TRACE and EIS 195 8 images is due to the prominence absorption in H I, He I, and He II resonance continua plus the coronal emissivity blocking due to the prominence void ( cavity). The void clearly visible in the XRT images is entirely due to X-ray emissivity blocking. We use TRACE, EIS, and XRT data to estimate the amount of absorption and blocking. The H alpha integrated intensities independently provide us with an estimate of the H alpha opacity, which is related to the opacity of resonance continua as follows from the non-LTE radiative-transfer modeling. However, spatial averaging of the H alpha and EUV data have quite different natures, which must be taken into account when evaluating the true opacities. We demonstrate this important effect here for the first time. Finally, based on this multiwavelength analysis, we discuss the determination of the column densities and the ionization degree of hydrogen in the prominence. C1 [Heinzel, P.; Farnik, F.; Schwartz, P.; Kotrc, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. [Schmieder, B.; Molodij, G.] Observ Paris, Sect Meudon, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Labrosse, N.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Anzer, U.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Berlicki, A.] Univ Wroclaw, Astron Inst, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. [DeLuca, E. E.; Golub, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Watanabe, T.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Berger, T.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Heinzel, P (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. EM pheinzel@asu.cas.cz RI Labrosse, Nicolas/B-2670-2010; Farnik, Frantisek/G-9010-2014; Schwartz, Pavol/G-9039-2014; Berlicki, Arkadiusz/G-9001-2014; Kotrc, Pavel/G-9030-2014; Heinzel, Petr/G-9014-2014; DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013 OI Labrosse, Nicolas/0000-0002-4638-157X; Schwartz, Pavol/0000-0001-5986-9948; DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895 NR 42 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 2 BP 1383 EP 1396 DI 10.1086/591018 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YB UT WOS:000260370500048 ER PT J AU Bonamente, M Swartz, DA Weisskopf, MC Murray, SS AF Bonamente, Massimiliano Swartz, Douglas A. Weisskopf, Martin C. Murray, Stephen S. TI SWIFT XRT OBSERVATIONS OF THE POSSIBLE DARK GALAXY VIRGOHI 21 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies: individual (VIRGOHI 21); X-rays: galaxies ID X-RAY-EMISSION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; CLUSTER; GAS; NGC-4254; CATALOG; HALOES; CLOUDS; HI AB Swift XRT observations of the H (I) line source VIRGOHI 21 were performed on 2008 April 22 and 26 for a total exposure time of 9.2 ks. This is the first pointed X-ray observation of VIRGOHI 21, a putative dark galaxy in the Virgo Cluster, and no photons were detected from this source. The nondetection of extended X-ray emission within the angular extent of the H (I) source corresponds to a 99% confidence upper limit of 2.1 x 10(-14) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) in the 0.3-2.0 keV band. The equivalent upper limit to the amount of diffuse hot gas associated with VIRGOHI 21 is in the range 4 x 10(7)-2 x 10(8) M(circle dot) for a hot gas temperature between 0.1 and 1 keV. The nondetection also corresponds to a 99% confidence upper limit on the flux from a pointlike source of 8 x 10(-15) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) in the 0.3-2.0 keV band. We discuss the constraints on the nature of VIRGOHI 21 imposed by these observations and the theoretical implications of these results. C1 [Bonamente, Massimiliano] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Swartz, Douglas A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Murray, Stephen S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bonamente, M (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 2 BP L71 EP L74 DI 10.1086/592819 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398KR UT WOS:000262731500006 ER PT J AU Chen, XP Bourke, TL Launhardt, R Henning, T AF Chen, Xuepeng Bourke, Tyler L. Launhardt, Ralf Henning, Thomas TI SMA CO (2-1) OBSERVATIONS OF CG 30: A PROTOSTELLAR BINARY SYSTEM WITH A HIGH-VELOCITY QUADRUPOLAR MOLECULAR OUTFLOW SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE binaries: general; ISM: individual (CG 30, BHR 12); ISM: jets and outflows; stars: formation ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; BOK GLOBULES; COMETARY GLOBULES; LINE FORMATION; STAR-FORMATION; BIPOLAR FLOWS; GUM NEBULA; EMISSION; BHR-71; CLOUDS AB We present interferometric observations in the (12)CO (2-1) line and at 1.3 mm dust continuum of the low-mass protostellar binary system in the cometary globule CG 30, using the Submillimeter Array. The dust continuum images resolve two compact sources (CG 30N and CG 30S), with a linear separation of similar to 8700 AU and total gas masses of similar to 1.4 and similar to 0.6 M(circle dot), respectively. With the CO images, we discover two high-velocity bipolar M, molecular outflows, driven by the two sources. The two outflows are nearly perpendicular to each other, showing a quadrupolar morphology. The northern bipolar outflow extends along the southeast (redshifted, with a velocity up to similar to 23 km s(-1)) and northwest (blueshifted, velocity up to similar to 30 km s(-1)) directions, while the southern pair has an orientation from southwest (blueshifted, velocity up to similar to 13 km s(-1)) to northeast (redshifted, velocity up to similar to 41 km s(-1)). The outflow mass of the northern pair, driven by the higher mass source CG 30N, is similar to 9 times larger than that of the southern pair. The discovery of the quadrupolar molecular outflow in the CG 30 protobinary system, as well as the presence of other quadrupolar outflows associated with binary systems, demonstrate that the disks in (wide) binary systems are not necessarily co-aligned after fragmentation. C1 [Chen, Xuepeng; Launhardt, Ralf; Henning, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Bourke, Tyler L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chen, XP (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. FU NASA [1224608, 1279198, 1407] FX We thank the SMA staff for technical support during the observations, and Mark Gurwell for his maintenance of the Submillimeter Calibration List. Support for this work was provided by NASA through contracts 1224608 and 1279198 (T. L. B.) issued by JPL, Caltech, under NASA contract 1407. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 2 BP L107 EP L110 DI 10.1086/593033 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398KR UT WOS:000262731500015 ER PT J AU Barkley, MP Palmer, PI Kuhn, U Kesselmeier, J Chance, K Kurosu, TP Martin, RV Helmig, D Guenther, A AF Barkley, Michael P. Palmer, Paul I. Kuhn, Uwe Kesselmeier, Juergen Chance, Kelly Kurosu, Thomas P. Martin, Randall V. Helmig, Detlev Guenther, Alex TI Net ecosystem fluxes of isoprene over tropical South America inferred from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) observations of HCHO columns SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MONOTERPENE FLUXES; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; CARBON BUDGET AB We estimate isoprene emissions over tropical South America during 1997-2001 using column measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO) from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite instrument, the GEOS-Chem chemistry transport model, and the MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature) bottom-up isoprene inventory. GEOS-Chem is qualitatively consistent with in situ ground-based and aircraft concentration profiles of isoprene and HCHO, and GOME HCHO column data (r = 0.41; bias = +35%), but has less skill in reproducing wet season observations. Observed variability of GOME HCHO columns over South America is determined largely by isoprene and biomass burning. We find that the column contributions from other biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC) are typically smaller than the column fitting uncertainty. HCHO columns influenced by biomass burning are removed using Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) firecounts and GOME NO2 columns. We find that South America can be split into eastern and western regions, with fires concentrated over the eastern region. A monthly mean linear transfer function, determined by GEOS-Chem, is used to infer isoprene emissions from observed HCHO columns. The seasonal variation of GOME isoprene emissions over the western region is broadly consistent with MEGAN (r = 0.41; bias = -25%), with largest isoprene emissions during the dry season when the observed variability is consistent with knowledge of temperature dependence. During the wet season, other unknown factors play a significant role in determining observed variability. C1 [Barkley, Michael P.; Palmer, Paul I.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Chance, Kelly; Kurosu, Thomas P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Guenther, Alex] NCAR, Biosphere Atmosphere Interact Grp, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Helmig, Detlev] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kesselmeier, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Kuhn, Uwe] Agroscope Reckenholz Taenikon Res Stn, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Martin, Randall V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. RP Barkley, MP (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Kings Bldg,W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. EM michael.barkley@ed.ac.uk; pip@ed.ac.uk; kuhn@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; jks@mpch-mainz.mpg.de; kchance@cfa.harvard.edu; tkurosu@cfa.harvard.edu; randall.martin@dal.ca; detlev@instaar.colorado.edu; guenther@ucar.edu RI Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; Kuhn, Uwe/C-4830-2013; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Kesselmeier, Jurgen/E-2389-2016; OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; Kesselmeier, Jurgen/0000-0002-4446-534X; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 FU National Environment Research Council [NE/D001471]; NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modelling and Analysis Program FX This work was supported by the National Environment Research Council (NERC research grant NE/D001471). The authors would like to thank Tzung-May Fu, Dylan Millet, and Robert Yantosca for useful help and advice. The GEOS-Chem model is managed at Harvard University with support from the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modelling and Analysis Program. The authors would also like to thank Kamel Didan and Alfredo Huete for providing the EVI data and the ESA portal for providing the ATSR firecounts. NR 86 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D20 AR D20304 DI 10.1029/2008JD009863 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 362DK UT WOS:000260178200005 ER PT J AU Petit, JM Kavelaars, JJ Gladman, BJ Margot, JL Nicholson, PD Jones, RL Parker, JW Ashby, MLN Bagatin, AC Benavidez, P Coffey, J Rousselot, P Mousis, O Taylor, PA AF Petit, J. -M. Kavelaars, J. J. Gladman, B. J. Margot, J. L. Nicholson, P. D. Jones, R. L. Parker, J. Wm. Ashby, M. L. N. Campo Bagatin, A. Benavidez, P. Coffey, J. Rousselot, P. Mousis, O. Taylor, P. A. TI The extreme Kuiper Belt binary 2001 QW(322) SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENCOUNTERS AB The study of binary Kuiper Belt objects helps to probe the dynamic conditions present during planet formation in the solar system. We report on the mutual-orbit determination of 2001 QW(322), a Kuiper Belt binary with a very large separation whose properties challenge binary-formation and -evolution theories. Six years of tracking indicate that the binary's mutual-orbit period is approximate to 25 to 30 years, that the orbit pole is retrograde and inclined 50 degrees to 62 degrees from the ecliptic plane, and, most surprisingly, that the mutual orbital eccentricity is <0.4. The semimajor axis of 105,000 to 135,000 kilometers is 10 times that of other near-equal-mass binaries. Because this weakly bound binary is prone to orbital disruption by interlopers, its lifetime in its present state is probably less than 1 billion years. C1 [Petit, J. -M.; Rousselot, P.; Mousis, O.] Univ Franche Comte, Observ Besancon, F-25010 Besancon, France. [Kavelaars, J. J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Petit, J. -M.; Gladman, B. J.; Coffey, J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Margot, J. L.; Nicholson, P. D.; Taylor, P. A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jones, R. L.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Parker, J. Wm.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Ashby, M. L. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Campo Bagatin, A.; Benavidez, P.] Univ Alicante, Escuela Politecn Super, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. RP Petit, JM (reprint author), Univ Franche Comte, Observ Besancon, F-25010 Besancon, France. EM petit@obs-besancon.fr RI Margot, Jean-Luc/A-6154-2012; Campo Bagatin, Adriano/L-2809-2014 OI Margot, Jean-Luc/0000-0001-9798-1797; Campo Bagatin, Adriano/0000-0001-9840-2216 FU NASA/Planetary Astronomy Program [NNG04GI29G, NNX07AK68G]; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain) [AYA2005-07808-C03-03]; Canadian Space Agency FX This work was partially supported by NASA/Planetary Astronomy Program grant NNG04GI29G. A.C.B. also acknowledges support from Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain), National project n. AYA2005-07808-C03-03. J.L.M. was partially supported by grant NNX07AK68G from the NASA Planetary Astronomy program. This research used the facilities of the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre operated by the National Research Council of Canada with the support of the Canadian Space Agency. The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope is operated by the National Research Council of Canada, the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii. Observations at Palomar Observatory are carried out under a collaborative agreement between Cornell University and the California Institute of Technology. Observations made with European Southern Observatory Telescopes at the La Silla or Paranal Observatories under program IDs 069.C-0460, 071.C-0497, 072.C-0542, 074.C-0379, 075.C-0251, and 380.C-0791. The Gemini Observatory is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under a cooperative agreement with NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: NSF (US), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), the National Research Council (Canada), Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia (Brazil), and Secretaria de Ciencia y Technologia (Argentina). Observations were obtained at the WIYN Observatory, a joint facility of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Indiana University, Yale University, and the National Optical Astronomy Observatories; the William Herschel Telescope, at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain), operated by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; and the MMT Observatory, a joint facility of the Smithsonian Institution and the University of Arizona. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 17 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5900 BP 432 EP 434 DI 10.1126/science.1163148 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 360YK UT WOS:000260094500044 PM 18927391 ER PT J AU Brunetti, G Giacintucci, S Cassano, R Lane, W Dallacasa, D Venturi, T Kassim, NE Setti, G Cotton, WD Markevitch, M AF Brunetti, G. Giacintucci, S. Cassano, R. Lane, W. Dallacasa, D. Venturi, T. Kassim, N. E. Setti, G. Cotton, W. D. Markevitch, M. TI A low-frequency radio halo associated with a cluster of galaxies SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; COMA CLUSTER; ALFVENIC REACCELERATION; PARTICLE REACCELERATION; RELATIVISTIC-PARTICLES; COSMIC-RAYS; SKY SURVEY; GAMMA-RAY; ELECTRONS; ORIGIN AB Clusters of galaxies are the largest gravitationally bound objects in the Universe, containing about 10(15) solar masses of hot (10(8) K) gas, galaxies and dark matter in a typical volume of 10 Mpc(3). Magnetic fields and relativistic particles are mixed with the gas as revealed by giant 'radio haloes', which arise from diffuse, megaparsec- scale synchrotron radiation at cluster centre(1,2). Radio haloes require that the emitting electrons are accelerated in situ ( by turbulence)(3-6), or are injected ( as secondary particles) by proton collisions into the intergalactic medium(7-10). They are found only in a fraction of massive clusters that have complex dynamics(11-14), which suggests a connection between these mechanisms and cluster mergers. Here we report a radio halo at low frequencies associated with the merging cluster Abell 521. This halo has an extremely steep radio spectrum, which implies a high frequency cut- off; this makes the halo difficult to detect with observations at 1.4 GHz ( the frequency at which all other known radio haloes have been best studied). The spectrum of the halo is inconsistent with a secondary origin of the relativistic electrons, but instead supports turbulent acceleration, which suggests that many radio haloes in the Universe should emit mainly at low frequencies. C1 [Brunetti, G.; Giacintucci, S.; Cassano, R.; Venturi, T.; Setti, G.] Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Giacintucci, S.; Markevitch, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lane, W.; Kassim, N. E.] USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dallacasa, D.; Setti, G.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Cotton, W. D.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Brunetti, G (reprint author), Ist Radioastron, INAF, Via P Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM brunetti@ira.inaf.it OI Cassano, Rossella/0000-0003-4046-0637; Venturi, Tiziana/0000-0002-8476-6307; Brunetti, Gianfranco/0000-0003-4195-8613 FU PRIN-INAF; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; US Naval Research Laboratory; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; 6.1 base funding; [ASI-INAFI/088/06/0] FX We acknowledge partial support from ASI-INAFI/088/06/0 and PRIN-INAF 2007. G.B. and R.C. acknowledge the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the US Naval Research Laboratory and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory for hospitality and partial support during the preparation of the manuscript. Basic research in radio astronomy at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 base funding. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is operated by Associated Universities, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. We thank R. Athreya and the staff of the GMRT for their helping during the observations. The GMRT is run by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. NR 30 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 16 PY 2008 VL 455 IS 7215 BP 944 EP 947 DI 10.1038/nature07379 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 360DW UT WOS:000260038300044 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, B Zehe, E Hartmann, NK Elsenbeer, H AF Zimmermann, B. Zehe, E. Hartmann, N. K. Elsenbeer, H. TI Analyzing spatial data: An assessment of assumptions, new methods, and uncertainty using soil hydraulic data SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MONTANE RAIN-FOREST; WELL PERMEAMETER DATA; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; VARIABILITY; CONDUCTIVITY; VARIOGRAM; PARAMETERS; MODEL; MANAGEMENT AB Environmental scientists today enjoy an ever-increasing array of geostatistical methods to analyze spatial data. Our objective was to evaluate several of these recent developments in terms of their applicability to real-world data sets of the soil field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). The intended synthesis comprises exploratory data analyses to check for Gaussian data distribution and stationarity; evaluation of robust variogram estimation requirements; estimation of the covariance parameters by least-squares procedures and ( restricted) maximum likelihood; use of the Matern correlation function. We furthermore discuss the spatial prediction uncertainty resulting from the different methods. The log-transformed data showed Gaussian uni- and bivariate distributions, and pronounced trends. Robust estimation techniques were not required, and anisotropic variation was not evident. Restricted maximum likelihood estimation versus the method-of-moments variogram of the residuals accounted for considerable differences in covariance parameters, whereas the Matern and standard models gave very similar results. In the framework of spatial prediction, the parameter differences were mainly reflected in the spatial connectivity of the Ks field. Ignoring the trend component and an arbitrary use of robust estimators would have the most severe consequences in this respect. Our results highlight the superior importance of a thorough exploratory data analysis and proper variogram modeling, and prompt us to encourage restricted maximum likelihood estimation, which is accurate in estimating fixed and random effects. C1 [Zimmermann, B.; Zehe, E.; Hartmann, N. K.; Elsenbeer, H.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geoecol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. RP Zimmermann, B (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM zimmermannb@si.edu RI Zimmermann, Beate/B-5164-2012; Zehe, Erwin/Q-4123-2016; OI Hartmann, Niklas/0000-0002-7328-3625 FU German Research Foundation (DFG) [FOR 402, TP B3, El 255/4-1] FX We thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) for funding the project (FOR 402, TP B3, El 255/4-1), the Fundacion Cientifica San Francisco (Nature and Culture International (NCI)) for providing access to the study area, D. Hodapp, D. Reetz and C. Leiberg for field assistance, T. Peters for providing climatic data, and R. M. Lark for stimulating discussions. The comments of two anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript considerably. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 16 PY 2008 VL 44 IS 10 AR W10408 DI 10.1029/2007WR006604 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 362EW UT WOS:000260182000001 ER PT J AU Riley, S AF Riley, Sheila TI Our Lady of Greenwich Village SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Riley, Sheila] Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. RP Riley, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 17 BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 363XP UT WOS:000260301100060 ER PT J AU Schroll, S AF Schroll, Savannah TI Tuttle Compact Vietnamese Dictionary: Vietnamese-English/English- Vietnamese SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Schroll, Savannah] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 17 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 363XP UT WOS:000260301100237 ER PT J AU Schroll, S AF Schroll, Savannah TI The New Nelson Japanese-English Character Dictionary SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Schroll, Savannah] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 17 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 363XP UT WOS:000260301100236 ER PT J AU Schroll, S AF Schroll, Savannah TI Pocket Arabic Dictionary: ArabicEnglish/English-Arabic SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Schroll, Savannah] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 17 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 363XP UT WOS:000260301100235 ER PT J AU Schroll, S AF Schroll, Savannah TI Tuttle Learner's Chinese-English Dictionary SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Schroll, Savannah] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 15 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 17 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 363XP UT WOS:000260301100234 ER PT J AU Baba, K Macpherson, E Poore, GCB Ahyong, ST Bermudez, A Cabezas, P Lin, CW Nizinski, M Rodrigues, C Schnabel, KE AF Baba, Keiji Macpherson, Enrique Poore, Gary C. B. Ahyong, Shane T. Bermudez, Adriana Cabezas, Patricia Lin, Chia-Wei Nizinski, Martha Rodrigues, Celso Schnabel, Kareen E. TI Catalogue of squat lobsters of the world (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura - families Chirostylidae, Galatheidae and Kiwaidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE Crustacea; Decapoda; Anomura; Chirostylidae; Galatheidae; Kiwaidae; checklist; taxonomy ID GENUS MUNIDA LEACH; PHYLLADIORHYNCHUS-INTEGRIROSTRIS DANA; COMPLETE LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; GALICIAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF; LAURIEA-GARDINERI LAURIE; COLD-SEEP COMMUNITIES; GENERA AGONONIDA BABA; SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; DE-SAINT-LAURENT AB Taxonomic and ecological interest in squat lobsters has grown considerably over the last two decades. A checklist of the 870 current valid species of squat lobsters of the world (families Chirostylidae, Galatheidae and Kiwaidae) is presented. The compilation includes the complete taxonomic synonymy and geographical distribution of each species plus type information (type locality, repository and registration number). The numbers of described species in the world's major ocean basins are summarised. C1 [Baba, Keiji] Kumamoto Univ, Fac Educ, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. [Macpherson, Enrique] CSIC, Ctr Estudios Avanzados Blanes, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain. [Poore, Gary C. B.] Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Ahyong, Shane T.; Schnabel, Kareen E.] NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand. [Bermudez, Adriana] INVEMAR, Inst Invest Marinas & Costeras Jose Benito Vives, Cerro Punta Betin, Santa Marta, Colombia. [Cabezas, Patricia] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Lin, Chia-Wei] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Crustacean Lab, Chilung 20224, Taiwan. [Nizinski, Martha] Smithsonian Inst, NOAA NMFS Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Rodrigues, Celso] Museu Nacl UFRJ, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Baba, K (reprint author), Kumamoto Univ, Fac Educ, 2-40-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. EM keiji5962@ybb.ne.jp; macpherson@ceab.csic.es; gpoore@museum.vic.gov.au; s.ahyong@niwa.co.nz; abermudezt@gmail.com; Pcabezas@mncn.csic.es; y9300923@ms8.hinet.net; nizinski@si.edu; celsorodrigues29@hotmail.com; k.schnabel@niwa.co.nz RI Macpherson, Enrique/J-8982-2012 NR 679 TC 120 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 13 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 15 PY 2008 IS 1905 BP 1 EP 220 PG 220 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 359RK UT WOS:000260005600001 ER PT J AU Pal, A AF Pal, Andras TI Properties of analytic transit light-curve models SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: analytical; binaries: eclipsing; planetary systems ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS AB In this paper, a set of analytic formulae is presented with which the partial derivatives of the flux obscuration function can be evaluated - for planetary transits and eclipsing binaries - under the assumption of quadratic limb darkening. The knowledge of these partial derivatives is crucial for many of the data modelling algorithms and estimates of the light-curve variations directly from the changes in the orbital elements. These derivatives can also be utilized to speed up some of the fitting methods. A gain of similar to 8 in computing time can be achieved in the implementation of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, relative to using numerical derivatives. C1 [Pal, Andras] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pal, Andras] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. RP Pal, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM apal@cfa.harvard.edu FU Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; HATNet project; NASA [NNG04GN74G] FX The author would like to thank the hospitality and support of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics where this work was partially carried out. The author acknowledges the support by the HATNet project and NASA grant NNG04GN74G. The author also thanks Eric Agol, Gaspar Bakos, Bence Kocsis and Joshua Winn for helpful comments and discussions. NR 19 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 2008 VL 390 IS 1 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13723.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367BZ UT WOS:000260528800045 ER PT J AU Cao, C Xia, XY Wu, H Mao, S Hao, CN Deng, ZG AF Cao, Chen Xia, X. Y. Wu, Hong Mao, S. Hao, C. N. Deng, Z. G. TI Mid-Infrared spectroscopic properties of ultra-luminous infrared quasars SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: interactions; quasars: general; infrared: galaxies ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMATION RATE; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; BROAD ABSORPTION-LINE; PALOMAR-GREEN QUASARS; STELLAR OBJECTS; HOST GALAXIES; BLACK-HOLES; GALACTIC NUCLEI; ULIRG EVOLUTION AB We analyse mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic properties for 19 ultra-luminous infrared quasars (IR QSOs) in the local Universe based on the spectra from the IR Spectrograph on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The MIR properties of IR QSOs are compared with those of optically selected Palomar-Green QSOs (PG QSOs) and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). The average MIR spectral features from similar to 5 to 30 mu m, including the spectral slopes, 6.2 mu m polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission strengths and [NeII] 12.81 mu m luminosities of IR QSOs, differ from those of PG QSOs. In contrast, IR QSOs and ULIRGs have comparable PAH and [NeII] luminosities. These results are consistent with IR QSOs being at a transitional stage from ULIRGs to classical QSOs. We also find that the colour index alpha(30, 15) is a good indicator of the relative contribution of starbursts to active galactic nuclei (AGNs) for all QSOs. Correlations between the [NeII] 12.81 mu m and PAH 6.2 mu m luminosities and those between the [NeII], PAH with 60 mu m luminosities for ULIRGs and IR QSOs indicate that both [NeII] and PAH luminosities are approximate star-formation rate indicators for IR QSOs and starburst-dominated galaxies; the scatters are, however, quite large (similar to 0.7-0.8 dex). Finally, the correlation between the equivalent widths (EW; PAH 6.2 mu m) and outflow velocities suggests that star-formation activities are suppressed by feedback from AGNs and/or supernovae. C1 [Cao, Chen] Shandong Univ, Sch Space Sci & Phys, Weihai 264209, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Cao, Chen; Wu, Hong; Deng, Z. G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Cao, Chen; Deng, Z. G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Xia, X. Y.; Mao, S.; Hao, C. N.; Deng, Z. G.] Tianjin Normal Univ, Tianjin Astrophys Ctr, Tianjin 300384, Peoples R China. [Mao, S.] Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Hao, C. N.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Cao, C (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ccao00@gmail.com; xyxia@bao.ac.cn FU Tianjin Normal University; NASA through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Ames Research Center; NSF of China [10333060, 10778622]; 973 Program [2007CB815405, 2007CB815406] FX We thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments and suggestions. We acknowledge Drs. J. Wang, D.-W. Xu, Y. Shi, S. Veilleux for advice and helpful discussions. We also thank Z.-H. Shang, Y.-L. Wu, K. Zhang for helpful discussion on the Spitzer IRS data reductions, and Sarah Bryan for a careful reading of the manuscript. CC acknowledges the support of the Tianjin Astrophysics Center ( TAC) at Tianjin Normal University and the full living and travel supports of the European Union Marie Curie Program for him to participate in the AGN/VLTI summer school held in Poland, 2007. SM acknowledges the travel support of the NSFC, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Tianjin municipal government. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. The IRS was a collaborative venture between Cornell University and Ball Aerospace Corporation funded by NASA through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Ames Research Center. SMART was developed by the IRS Team at Cornell University and is available through the Spitzer Science Center at Caltech. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Data base ( NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This project is supported by the NSF of China 10333060, 10778622 and 973 Program No. 2007CB815405, 2007CB815406. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 2008 VL 390 IS 1 BP 336 EP 348 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13747.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367BZ UT WOS:000260528800050 ER PT J AU Cerrigone, L Umana, G Trigilio, C Leto, P Buemi, CS Hora, JL AF Cerrigone, L. Umana, G. Trigilio, C. Leto, P. Buemi, C. S. Hora, J. L. TI Radio continuum properties of young planetary nebulae SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: AGB and post-AGB; planetary nebulae: general; radio continuum: stars ID IRAS 18062+2410; SHAPES; ORIGIN AB We have selected a small sample of post-AGB (Asymptotic Giant Branch) stars in transition towards the planetary nebula and present new Very Large Array multi-frequency high-angular resolution radio observations of them. The multi-frequency data are used to create and model the targets' radio continuum spectra, proving that these stars started their evolution as very young planetary nebulae. In the optically thin range, the slopes are compatible with the expected spectral index (-0.1). Two targets (IRAS 18062+2410 and 17423-1755) seem to be optically thick even at high frequency, as observed in a handful of other post-AGB stars in the literature, while a third one (IRAS 20462+3416) shows a possible contribution from cold dust. In IRAS 18062+2410, where we have three observations spanning a period of four years, we detect an increase in its flux density, similar to that observed in CRL 618. High-angular resolution imaging shows bipolar structures that may be due to circumstellar tori, although a different hypothesis (i.e. jets) could also explain the observations. Further observations and monitoring of these sources will enable us to test the current evolutionary models of planetary nebulae. C1 [Cerrigone, L.; Hora, J. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Umana, G.; Trigilio, C.; Buemi, C. S.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Leto, P.] Ist Radioastron, INAF, Noto, Italy. RP Cerrigone, L (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-65, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lcerrigone@cfa.harvard.edu OI Buemi, Carla Simona/0000-0002-7288-4613; Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 FU Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory through the SAO Pre-doctoral Fellowship FX L. Cerrigone acknowledges funding from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory through the SAO Pre-doctoral Fellowship programme. The NRAO is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 2008 VL 390 IS 1 BP 363 EP 370 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13748.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367BZ UT WOS:000260528800052 ER PT J AU Afshordi, N AF Afshordi, Niayesh TI Fundamental plane of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmological parameters; diffuse radiation; galaxies : clusters : general; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID DARK-MATTER HALOS; X-RAY; GALAXY CLUSTERS; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; MASS; GAS; COSMOLOGY; DENSITY; ENERGY; MODEL AB Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) cluster surveys are considered among the most promising methods for probing dark energy up to large redshifts. However, their premise is hinged on an accurate mass-observable relationship, which could be affected by the (rather poorly understood) physics of the intracluster gas. In this paper, using a semianalytic model of the intracluster gas that accommodates various theoretical uncertainties, I develop a fundamental plane relationship between the observed size, thermal energy, and mass of galaxy clusters. In particular, I find that M proportional to (Y-SZ/R-SZ,R-2)(3/4), where M is the mass, Y-SZ is the total SZ flux or thermal energy, and R-SZ,R-2 is the SZ half-light radius of the cluster. I first show that, within this model, using the fundamental plane relationship reduces the (systematic+random) errors in mass estimates to 14%, from 22% for a simple mass-flux relationship. Since measurement of the cluster sizes is an inevitable part of observing the SZ clusters, the fundamental plane relationship can be used to reduce the error of the cluster mass estimates by similar to 34%, improving the accuracy of the resulting cosmological constraints without any extra cost. I then argue why our fundamental plane is distinctly different from the virial relationship that one may naively expect between the cluster parameters. Finally, I argue that while including more details of the observed SZ profile cannot significantly improve the accuracy of mass estimates, a better understanding of the impact of nongravitational heating/cooling processes on the outskirts of the intracluster medium (apart from external calibrations) might be the best way to reduce these errors. C1 [Afshordi, Niayesh] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Afshordi, Niayesh] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Afshordi, N (reprint author), Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, 31 Carolina St N, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 1 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1086/591307 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357BV UT WOS:000259822200015 ER PT J AU Tassev, SV Bertschinger, E AF Tassev, Svetlin V. Bertschinger, Edmund TI Kinematic density waves in accretion disks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; relativity; X-rays : binaries ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; HIGH-FREQUENCY; GRO J1655-40; BLACK-HOLES; MODEL; DISKOSEISMOLOGY; RESONANCE; BINARIES; QPOS AB When thin accretion disks around black holes are perturbed, the main restoring force is gravity. If gas pressure, magnetic stresses, and radiation pressure are neglected, the disk remains thin as long as orbits do not intersect. Intersections would result in pressure forces which limit the growth of perturbations. We find that a discrete set of perturbations is possible for which orbits remain nonintersecting for arbitrarily long times. These modes define a discrete set of frequencies. We classify all long-lived perturbations for arbitrary potentials and show how their mode frequencies are related to pattern speeds computed from the azimuthal and epicyclic frequencies. We show that modes are concentrated near radii where the pattern speed has vanishing radial derivative. We explore these modes around Kerr black holes as a possible explanation for the high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations of black hole binaries such as GRO J1655-40. The long-lived modes are shown to coincide with diskoseismic waves in the limit of small sound speed. While the waves have long lifetimes, they have the wrong frequencies to explain the pairs of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations observed in black hole binaries. C1 [Tassev, Svetlin V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bertschinger, Edmund] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bertschinger, Edmund] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Tassev, SV (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM stassev@cfa.harvard.edu; edbert@mit.edu FU NASA [NAG 5-13306] FX This work was supported by NASA grant NAG 5-13306. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 1 BP 423 EP 431 DI 10.1086/591014 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357BV UT WOS:000259822200034 ER PT J AU Ng, CY Slane, PO Gaensler, BM Hughes, JP AF Ng, C. -Y. Slane, P. O. Gaensler, B. M. Hughes, J. P. TI Deep Chandra observation of the pulsar wind nebula powered by pulsar PSR J1846-0258 in the supernova remnant Kes 75 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : individual (PSR J1846-0258); stars : winds, outflows; supernovae : individual (Kes 75); X-rays : ISM ID X-RAY NEBULA; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELD; CRAB-NEBULA; MHD SIMULATIONS; EMISSION; YOUNG; G21.5-0.9; EVOLUTION; 3C-58; JETS AB We present the results of detailed spatial and spectral analysis of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) in supernova remnant Kes 75 (G29.7 - 0.3) using a deep exposure with Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The PWN shows a complex morphology with clear axisymmetric structure. We identified a one- sided jet and two bright clumps aligned with the overall nebular elongation, and an arclike feature perpendicular to the jet direction. We interpret the arc as an equatorial torus or wisp and the clumps could be shock interaction between the jets and the surrounding medium. Spatial modeling of the features with a torus and jet model indicates a position angle 207 degrees +/- 8 degrees for the PWN symmetry axis. The lack of any observable counter jet implies a flow velocity larger than 0.4 c. Comparing to an archival observation 6 yr earlier, some small-scale features in the PWN demonstrate strong variability: the flux of the inner jet doubles, and the peak of the northern clump broadens and shifts 200 outward. As recently reported from RXTE observations, magnetar-like bursts of the central pulsar occurred coincidentally 7 days before the Chandra exposure. Accompanied with the bursts is a temporary increase in the pulsar flux: during the Chandra observation, the pulsar luminosity is 6 times larger than in quiescent state, and shows substantial spectral softening from Gamma = 1.1 to 1.9 with an emerging thermal component. C1 [Ng, C. -Y.; Gaensler, B. M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Slane, P. O.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hughes, J. P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Ng, CY (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Ng, Chi Yung/A-7639-2013; OI Ng, Chi Yung/0000-0002-5847-2612; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 FU NASA [NAS8-39073]; Chandra [G06-7053X]; Australian Research Council Federation Fellowship FX We thank Mallory Roberts for useful discussions. P. O. S. acknowledges support from NASA contract NAS8-39073 and Chandra grant G06-7053X. B. M. G. acknowledges the support of an Australian Research Council Federation Fellowship. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 1 BP 508 EP 519 DI 10.1086/591146 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357BV UT WOS:000259822200041 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, S Ford, EB Matsumura, S Rasio, FA AF Chatterjee, Sourav Ford, Eric B. Matsumura, Soko Rasio, Frederic A. TI Dynamical outcomes of planet-planet scattering SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE instabilities; methods : numerical; planetary systems; planetary systems : formation; scattering ID SPIN-ORBIT ALIGNMENT; 16 CYGNI B; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS; ECCENTRICITY EVOLUTION; BETA-PICTORIS; SOLAR NEBULA; SECULAR INTERACTIONS; DETERMINISTIC MODEL; CLOSE ENCOUNTERS AB Observations in the past decade have revealed extrasolar planets with a wide range of orbital semimajor axes and eccentricities. Based on the present understanding of planet formation via core accretion and oligarchic growth, we expect that giant planets often form in closely packed configurations. While the protoplanets are embedded in a protoplanetary gas disk, dissipation can prevent eccentricity growth and suppress instabilities from becoming manifest. However, once the disk dissipates, eccentricities can grow rapidly, leading to close encounters between planets. Strong planet-planet gravitational scattering could produce both high eccentricities and, after tidal circularization, very short period planets, as observed in the exoplanet population. We present new results for this scenario based on extensive dynamical integrations of systems containing three giant planets, both with and without residual gas disks. We assign the initial planetary masses and orbits in a realistic manner following the core accretion model of planet formation. We show that, with realistic initial conditions, planet-planet scattering can reproduce quite well the observed eccentricity distribution. Our results also make testable predictions for the orbital inclinations of short-period giant planets formed via strong planet scattering followed by tidal circularization. C1 [Chatterjee, Sourav; Matsumura, Soko; Rasio, Frederic A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ford, Eric B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ford, Eric B.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chatterjee, S (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. OI Chatterjee, Sourav/0000-0002-3680-2684; /0000-0001-6545-639X FU NSF [AST 05-07727]; Northwestern University; NASA [HST-HF-01195.01A]; Space Telescope Science Institute; Association of Universities; Astronomy, Inc [NAS 5-26555] FX This work was supported by NSF grant AST 05-07727 at Northwestern University. Support for E. B. F. was provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF-01195.01A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. NR 75 TC 319 Z9 321 U1 1 U2 13 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 1 BP 580 EP 602 DI 10.1086/590227 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357BV UT WOS:000259822200048 ER PT J AU Ford, EB Rasio, FA AF Ford, Eric B. Rasio, Frederic A. TI Origins of eccentric extrasolar planets: Testing the planet-planet scattering model SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE celestial mechanics; planetary systems; planetary systems : formation; planets and satellites : general ID FREE-FLOATING PLANETS; TRIPLE STAR SYSTEMS; 16 CYGNI B; GIANT PLANETS; DYNAMICAL INSTABILITIES; KOZAI MECHANISM; ORBITAL ECCENTRICITIES; PROTOPLANETARY DISCS; MIGRATING PLANETS; STELLAR CLUSTERS AB In planetary systems with two or more giant planets, dynamical instabilities can lead to collisions or ejections through strong planet-planet scattering. Previous studies for initial conditions with two equal-mass planets revealed two discrepancies between the results of simulations and the observed orbits of exoplanets: potentially frequent collisions between giant planets and a narrow distribution of final eccentricities. We show that simulations with two unequal-mass planets starting on nearly circular orbits predict fewer collisions and a broader range of final eccentricities. Thus, the two-planet scattering model can reproduce the observed eccentricities with a plausible distribution of planet mass ratios. The model also predicts a maximum eccentricity of similar or equal to 0.8, independent of the distribution of planet mass ratios, provided that both planets are initially placed on nearly circular orbits. This compares favorably with observations and will be tested by future planet discoveries. Moreover, the combination of planet-planet scattering and tidal circularization may explain the existence of some giant planets with very short period orbits. Orbital migration due to planet scattering could play an important role in explaining the distribution of orbital periods found by radial velocity surveys. We also reexamine and discuss various possible correlations between eccentricities and other properties of exoplanets. We find that radial velocity observations are consistent with planet eccentricities being correlated with the ratio of the escape velocity from the planet's surface relative to the escape velocity from the host star at the planet's location. We demonstrate that the observed distribution of planet masses, periods, and eccentricities can provide constraints for models of planet formation and evolution. C1 [Ford, Eric B.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ford, Eric B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rasio, Frederic A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Ford, EB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM eford@astro.ufl.edu OI /0000-0001-6545-639X FU University of Florida; Miller Research Fellowship; NASA [HST-HF-01195.01A, NAS 5-26555]; Space Telescope Science Institute; Research in Astronomy Inc.; NSF [AST 02-06182, AST 05-07727]; Northwestern University FX We thank E. I. Chiang, M. Holman, G. Laughlin, M. H. Lee, H. Levison, G. W. Marcy, A. Morbidelli, J. C. B. Papaloizou, S. Peale, and J. Wright for useful discussions and the anonymous referee for a thoughtful review. Support for E. B. F. was provided by the University of Florida, a Miller Research Fellowship, and NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF-01195.01A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. This work was supported by NSF grants AST 02-06182 and AST 05-07727 at Northwestern University. NR 116 TC 175 Z9 176 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 1 BP 621 EP 636 DI 10.1086/590926 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357BV UT WOS:000259822200050 ER PT J AU Greenhill, LJ Tilak, A Madejski, G AF Greenhill, Lincoln J. Tilak, Avanti Madejski, Grzegorz TI PREVALENCE OF HIGH X-RAY OBSCURING COLUMNS AMONG AGNs THAT HOST H2O MASERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; galaxies: active; galaxies: nuclei; masers; radio lines: ISM; X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; NEARBY SEYFERT-GALAXIES; XMM-NEWTON; ACCRETION DISK; WATER MASER; EMISSION; PARSEC; OBSCURATION; LUMINOSITY; MEGAMASER AB Of 104 AGNs known to exhibit H2O maser emission, X-ray data that enable estimation of column densities, or lower limits, are available for 42. Contributing to this, we report analysis of new and archival X-ray data for eight galaxies and collation of values for three more. Maser emission is indicative of large columns of cold gas, and in five of the eight new cases, maser spectra point toward origins in accretion disks viewed close to edge-on (a.k.a. "disk maser" systems). In these, we detect hard continuum and Fe K alpha emission with equivalent widths on the order of 1 keV, which is consistent with Compton reflection, fluorescence by cold material, and obscuring columns greater than or similar to 10(24) cm(-2). Reviewing the full sample of 42, 95% N-H > 10(23) cm(-2) and 60% exhibit N-H > 10(24) cm(-2). Half of these are now recognized to be disk masers (up from 13); in this subsample, which is likely to be more homogeneous vis-a-vis the origin of maser emission, 76% exhibit N-H > 10(24) cm(-2). The probability of a common parent distribution of columns for disk masers and other AGN masers is less than or similar to 3%. Because ground-based surveys of AGNs to detect new disk masers are relatively unbiased with respect to X-ray brightness and comparatively inexpensive, they may also be efficient guides for the sensitive pointed X-ray observations required to identify Compton-thick objects outside of shallow surveys. C1 [Greenhill, Lincoln J.; Tilak, Avanti] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Madejski, Grzegorz] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Madejski, Grzegorz] Kavli Inst Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Greenhill, LJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM greenhill@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA [NNG05GK24G]; DoE [DE-AC3-76SF00515] FX We thank A. Fruscione for help with data reduction and M. Elvis, A. Siemiginowska, and B. Wilkes for useful discussions. This research made extensive use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database and the NASA Astrophysical Data System Bibliographic Services. This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNG05GK24G and DoE contract to SLAC No. DE-AC3-76SF00515. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 686 IS 1 BP L13 EP L16 DI 10.1086/592782 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398KO UT WOS:000262731200004 ER PT J AU Parrish, M AF Parrish, Mary TI A history of paleontology illustration SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Parrish, Mary] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Parrish, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM parrishm@si.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5899 BP 196 EP 197 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 358FK UT WOS:000259902300023 ER PT J AU Parrish, M AF Parrish, Mary TI Humans, nature, and birds - Science art from cave walls to computer screens SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Parrish, Mary] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Parrish, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM parrishm@si.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5899 BP 196 EP 197 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 358FK UT WOS:000259902300022 ER PT J AU Svenning, JC Condit, R AF Svenning, Jens-Christian Condit, Richard TI Biodiversity in a warmer world SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST; EUROPE; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY; IMPACT C1 [Svenning, Jens-Christian] Univ Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Condit, Richard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Global Forest Observ Network, Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. RP Svenning, JC (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Ny Munkegade 1540, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM svenning@biology.au.dk; conditr@gmail.com RI Svenning, Jens-Christian/C-8977-2012 OI Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5899 BP 206 EP 207 DI 10.1126/science.1164542 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 358FK UT WOS:000259902300029 PM 18845738 ER PT J AU Schipper, J Chanson, JS Chiozza, F Cox, NA Hoffmann, M Katariya, V Lamoreux, J Rodrigues, ASL Stuart, SN Temple, HJ Baillie, J Boitani, L Lacher, TE Mittermeier, RA Smith, AT Absolon, D Aguiar, JM Amori, G Bakkour, N Baldi, R Berridge, RJ Bielby, J Black, PA Blanc, JJ Brooks, TM Burton, JA Butynski, TM Catullo, G Chapman, R Cokeliss, Z Collen, B Conroy, J Cooke, JG da Fonseca, GAB Derocher, AE Dublin, HT Duckworth, JW Emmons, L Emslie, RH Festa-Bianchet, M Foster, M Foster, S Garshelis, DL Gates, C Gimenez-Dixon, M Gonzalez, S Gonzalez-Maya, JF Good, TC Hammerson, G Hammond, PS Happold, D Happold, M Hare, J Harris, RB Hawkins, CE Haywood, M Heaney, LR Hedges, S Helgen, KM Hilton-Taylor, C Hussain, SA Ishii, N Jefferson, TA Jenkins, RKB Johnston, CH Keith, M Kingdon, J Knox, DH Kovacs, KM Langhammer, P Leus, K Lewison, R Lichtenstein, G Lowry, LF Macavoy, Z Mace, GM Mallon, DP Masi, M McKnight, MW Medellin, RA Medici, P Mills, G Moehlman, PD Molur, S Mora, A Nowell, K Oates, JF Olech, W Oliver, WRL Oprea, M Patterson, BD Perrin, WF Polidoro, BA Pollock, C Powel, A Protas, Y Racey, P Ragle, J Ramani, P Rathbun, G Reeves, RR Reilly, SB Reynolds, JE Rondinini, C Rosell-Ambal, RG Rulli, M Rylands, AB Savini, S Schank, CJ Sechrest, W Self-Sullivan, C Shoemaker, A Sillero-Zubiri, C De Silva, N Smith, DE Srinivasulu, C Stephenson, PJ van Strien, N Talukdar, BK Taylor, BL Timmins, R Tirira, DG Tognelli, MF Tsytsulina, K Veiga, LM Vie, JC Williamson, EA Wyatt, SA Xie, Y Young, BE AF Schipper, Jan Chanson, Janice S. Chiozza, Federica Cox, Neil A. Hoffmann, Michael Katariya, Vineet Lamoreux, John Rodrigues, Ana S. L. Stuart, Simon N. Temple, Helen J. Baillie, Jonathan Boitani, Luigi Lacher, Thomas E., Jr. Mittermeier, Russell A. Smith, Andrew T. Absolon, Daniel Aguiar, John M. Amori, Giovanni Bakkour, Noura Baldi, Ricardo Berridge, Richard J. Bielby, Jon Black, Patricia Ann Blanc, J. Julian Brooks, Thomas M. Burton, James A. Butynski, Thomas M. Catullo, Gianluca Chapman, Roselle Cokeliss, Zoe Collen, Ben Conroy, Jim Cooke, Justin G. da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B. Derocher, Andrew E. Dublin, Holly T. Duckworth, J. W. Emmons, Louise Emslie, Richard H. Festa-Bianchet, Marco Foster, Matt Foster, Sabrina Garshelis, David L. Gates, Cormack Gimenez-Dixon, Mariano Gonzalez, Susana Gonzalez-Maya, Jose Fernando Good, Tatjana C. Hammerson, Geoffrey Hammond, Philip S. Happold, David Happold, Meredith Hare, John Harris, Richard B. Hawkins, Clare E. Haywood, Mandy Heaney, Lawrence R. Hedges, Simon Helgen, Kristofer M. Hilton-Taylor, Craig Hussain, Syed Ainul Ishii, Nobuo Jefferson, Thomas A. Jenkins, Richard K. B. Johnston, Charlotte H. Keith, Mark Kingdon, Jonathan Knox, David H. Kovacs, Kit M. Langhammer, Penny Leus, Kristin Lewison, Rebecca Lichtenstein, Gabriela Lowry, Lloyd F. Macavoy, Zoe Mace, Georgina M. Mallon, David P. Masi, Monica McKnight, Meghan W. Medellin, Rodrigo A. Medici, Patricia Mills, Gus Moehlman, Patricia D. Molur, Sanjay Mora, Arturo Nowell, Kristin Oates, John F. Olech, Wanda Oliver, William R. L. Oprea, Monik Patterson, Bruce D. Perrin, William F. Polidoro, Beth A. Pollock, Caroline Powel, Abigail Protas, Yelizaveta Racey, Paul Ragle, Jim Ramani, Pavithra Rathbun, Galen Reeves, Randall R. Reilly, Stephen B. Reynolds, John E., III Rondinini, Carlo Rosell-Ambal, Ruth Grace Rulli, Monica Rylands, Anthony B. Savini, Simona Schank, Cody J. Sechrest, Wes Self-Sullivan, Caryn Shoemaker, Alan Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio De Silva, Naamal Smith, David E. Srinivasulu, Chelmala Stephenson, Peter J. van Strien, Nico Talukdar, Bibhab Kumar Taylor, Barbara L. Timmins, Rob Tirira, Diego G. Tognelli, Marcelo F. Tsytsulina, Katerina Veiga, Liza M. Vie, Jean-Christophe Williamson, Elizabeth A. Wyatt, Sarah A. Xie, Yan Young, Bruce E. TI The status of the world's land and marine mammals: Diversity, threat, and knowledge SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; EXTINCTION RISK; RANGE SIZE; RED LIST; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; PATTERNS; BIRDS AB Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for land and marine species but suggest common mechanisms driving diversity and endemism across systems. Compared with land species, threat levels are higher among marine mammals, driven by different processes (accidental mortality and pollution, rather than habitat loss), and are spatially distinct (peaking in northern oceans, rather than in Southeast Asia). Marine mammals are also disproportionately poorly known. These data are made freely available to support further scientific developments and conservation action. C1 [Schipper, Jan; Chanson, Janice S.; Cox, Neil A.; Hoffmann, Michael; Katariya, Vineet; Lamoreux, John; Stuart, Simon N.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Ragle, Jim] IUCN, Species Programme, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Schipper, Jan; Chanson, Janice S.; Cox, Neil A.; Hoffmann, Michael; Stuart, Simon N.; Lacher, Thomas E., Jr.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Aguiar, John M.; Bakkour, Noura; Brooks, Thomas M.; Foster, Matt; Rylands, Anthony B.; De Silva, Naamal; Wyatt, Sarah A.] Conservat Int, Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Chiozza, Federica; Boitani, Luigi; Rondinini, Carlo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Anim & Human Biol, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Lamoreux, John; Lacher, Thomas E., Jr.; Aguiar, John M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rodrigues, Ana S. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Temple, Helen J.; Hilton-Taylor, Craig; Pollock, Caroline] IUCN, Species Programme, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Baillie, Jonathan; Bielby, Jon; Cokeliss, Zoe; Collen, Ben] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Smith, Andrew T.; Johnston, Charlotte H.; Langhammer, Penny] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Amori, Giovanni] CNR, Inst Ecosyst Studies, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Bakkour, Noura] Columbia Univ, Sch Int & Publ Affairs, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Baldi, Ricardo] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Nacl Patagonico, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [Baldi, Ricardo] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Patagonian & Andean Steppe Program, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [Berridge, Richard J.] Mantella Conservat Org, London SE16 7TS, England. [Bielby, Jon; Macavoy, Zoe; Mace, Georgina M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Black, Patricia Ann] Fac Ciencias Nat, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. [Black, Patricia Ann] Inst Miguel Lillo, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. [Blanc, J. Julian] MIKE, CITES, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Brooks, Thomas M.] Univ Philippines, World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF, Los Banos 4031, Philippines. [Brooks, Thomas M.] Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Burton, James A.] Earthwatch Inst Europe, Oxford OX2 7DE, England. [Burton, James A.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. [Butynski, Thomas M.] Eastern Africa Primate Divers & Conservat Program, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya. [Butynski, Thomas M.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Catullo, Gianluca; Masi, Monica; Rulli, Monica; Savini, Simona] Ist Ecol Applicata, I-00162 Rome, Italy. [Conroy, Jim] Celt Environm Ltd, Banchory AB31 4JG, Kincardine, Scotland. [Cooke, Justin G.] Ctr Ecosyst Management Studies, D-79297 Winden, Germany. [da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.] Global Environm Facil, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Zool, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Derocher, Andrew E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Dublin, Holly T.] Ctr Biodivers Conservat, S African Natl Biodivers Inst, IUCN Species Survival Commiss, ZA-7735 Cape Town, South Africa. [Duckworth, J. W.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Asia Programs, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Emmons, Louise; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Oprea, Monik] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Emslie, Richard H.] African Rhino Specialist Grp, IUCN SSC Species Survival Commiss, ZA-3245 Hilton, South Africa. [Festa-Bianchet, Marco] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Foster, Sabrina; Ramani, Pavithra; Schank, Cody J.; Sechrest, Wes; Smith, David E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Garshelis, David L.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Gates, Cormack] Univ Calgary, Dept Environm Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Gonzalez, Susana] IIBCE, Fac Ciencias, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. [Gonzalez-Maya, Jose Fernando] ProCAT Int, Las Alturas, Coto Brus, Costa Rica. [Good, Tatjana C.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Hammerson, Geoffrey; Young, Bruce E.] NatureServ, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Hammond, Philip S.] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Gatty Marine Lab, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Happold, David; Happold, Meredith] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Hare, John] Wild Camel Protect Fdn, Sch Farm, Benenden TN17 4EU, Kent, England. [Harris, Richard B.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Hawkins, Clare E.] Dept Primary Ind & Water, Threatened Species Sect, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Hawkins, Clare E.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Zool, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Haywood, Mandy] Univ Otago, Ctr Sci Commun, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Heaney, Lawrence R.; Patterson, Bruce D.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Hussain, Syed Ainul] Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Ishii, Nobuo] Tokyo Womans Christian Univ, Suginami Ku, Tokyo 1678585, Japan. [Jefferson, Thomas A.; Perrin, William F.; Reilly, Stephen B.; Taylor, Barbara L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.; Racey, Paul] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Madagasikara Voakajy, Antananarivo, Madagascar. [Keith, Mark] Univ Witwatersrand, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Kingdon, Jonathan] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Knox, David H.] Conservat Int, ZA-7735 Claremont, South Africa. [Kovacs, Kit M.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Kovacs, Kit M.] Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. [Leus, Kristin] Copenhagen Zoo & Conservat Breeding Specialist Gr, Reg Off Europe, B-2170 Merksem, Belgium. [Lewison, Rebecca] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Lichtenstein, Gabriela] Inst Nacl Antropol & Pensamiento Latinoamer, RA-1378 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Lowry, Lloyd F.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Mallon, David P.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England. [Medellin, Rodrigo A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Medici, Patricia] Inst Pesquisas Ecol, Inst Ecol Res, Lowland Tapir Conservat Initiat, BR-12960000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Medici, Patricia] Univ Kent, DICE, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England. [Mills, Gus] Tony & Lisette Lewis Fdn, ZA-2196 Sandton, South Africa. [Moehlman, Patricia D.] Wildlife Trust Alliance, Beijing 100011, Peoples R China. [Molur, Sanjay] Zoo Outreach Org, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India. [Molur, Sanjay] Wildlife Informat & Liaison Dev Soc, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India. [Mora, Arturo] IUCN S Amer Reg Off, Species Unit, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador. [Nowell, Kristin] Cat Act Treasury, Cape Neddick 03902, ME USA. [Oates, John F.] CUNY, CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Anthropol, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Olech, Wanda] Warsaw Univ Life Sci, PL-02787 Warsaw, Poland. [Oliver, William R. L.] Fauna & Flora Int, Philippine Biodivers Conservat Programme, Manila 1004, Philippines. [Powel, Abigail] Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Protas, Yelizaveta] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Rathbun, Galen] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Ornithol & Mammal, Cambria, CA 93428 USA. [Reeves, Randall R.] Okapi Wildlife Assoc, Quebec City, PQ J0P 1H0, Canada. [Reynolds, John E., III] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Rosell-Ambal, Ruth Grace] CI Philippines, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. [Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Sirenian Int, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. [Shoemaker, Alan] IUCN Tapir Specialist Grp, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio] Univ Oxford, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Dept Zool, Tubney OX13 5QL, England. [Srinivasulu, Chelmala] Osmania Univ, Dept Zool, Univ Coll Sci, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Stephenson, Peter J.] WWF Int, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [van Strien, Nico] White Oak Conservat Ctr, Int Rhino Fdn, Yulee, FL 32097 USA. [Talukdar, Bibhab Kumar] Aaranyak, Guwhati 781028, Assam, India. [Tirira, Diego G.] Fdn Mamiferos & Conservac, Quito, Ecuador. [Tognelli, Marcelo F.] Ctr Sci & Technol Mendoza, CONICET, IADIZA Argentinean Arid Res Inst, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Tognelli, Marcelo F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tsytsulina, Katerina] Russian Bat Res Grp, St Petersburg 195196, Russia. [Veiga, Liza M.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Dept Zool, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Williamson, Elizabeth A.] Univ Stirling, Dept Psychol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Xie, Yan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Schipper, J (reprint author), IUCN, Species Programme, 28 Rue Mauverney, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. EM jan.schipper@iucn.org RI Williamson, Liz/E-4727-2016; Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016; Mace, Georgina/I-3072-2016; Rodrigues, Ana/A-5914-2009; Keith, Mark/A-2458-2015; Schipper, Jan/N-5266-2015; Oprea, Monik/E-6204-2010; Bielby, Jon/D-5051-2011; Collen, Ben/D-5055-2011; Rondinini, Carlo/E-9027-2011; Veiga, Liza/C-6667-2009; Keith, Mark/G-7234-2011; Jenkins, Richard/A-4567-2012; Hoffmann, Michael/E-6419-2010; Self-Sullivan, Caryn/H-2605-2012; Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012 OI Williamson, Liz/0000-0001-6848-9154; Collen, Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243; Mace, Georgina/0000-0001-8965-5211; Gonzalez-Maya, Jose F./0000-0002-8942-5157; Brooks, Thomas/0000-0001-8159-3116; Molur, Sanjay/0000-0001-8230-518X; Festa-Bianchet, Marco/0000-0002-2352-3379; Tognelli, Marcelo/0000-0002-9761-4505; Hawkins, Clare/0000-0002-1909-2545; Rodrigues, Ana/0000-0003-4775-0127; Keith, Mark/0000-0001-6690-2718; Schipper, Jan/0000-0002-8338-7874; Hoffmann, Michael/0000-0003-4785-2254; Self-Sullivan, Caryn/0000-0003-0785-3682; Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774 NR 34 TC 547 Z9 573 U1 37 U2 398 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 10 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5899 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1126/science.1165115 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 358FK UT WOS:000259902300039 PM 18845749 ER PT J AU Weitz, CM Milliken, RE Grant, JA McEwen, AS Williams, RME Bishop, JL AF Weitz, C. M. Milliken, R. E. Grant, J. A. McEwen, A. S. Williams, R. M. E. Bishop, J. L. TI Light-toned strata and inverted channels adjacent to Juventae and Ganges chasmata, Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM AB Light-toned layered deposits on the plains adjacent to Juventae and Ganges Chasmata have been identified and analyzed with several instruments onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, including HiRISE, CTX, and CRISM. Beds exhibit variations in brightness, color, polygonal fracturing, and erosional properties that are not seen in light-toned layered deposits within the chasmata. At both Juventae and Ganges, the light- toned layered deposits along the plains have associated features we interpret as fluvial, including sinuous ridges (inverted channels) that exhibit light-toned layering and an extensive valley system for the Ganges deposit. The strong correlation between the inverted channels and light-toned layered deposits suggests an association with fluvial-lacustrine processes, although pyroclastic and eolian activity may also be involved in their emplacement. The identification of potential fluviallacustrine layered deposits and associated valley networks suggests surface water flow in the Valles Marineris region that occurred for sustained periods during the Hesperian (3.7-3.0 Gyr). C1 [Weitz, C. M.; Williams, R. M. E.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Bishop, J. L.] NASA ARC, SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Grant, J. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Milliken, R. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McEwen, A. S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Weitz, CM (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM weitz@psi.edu NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 19 AR L19202 DI 10.1029/2008GL035317 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 359LD UT WOS:000259987300004 ER PT J AU Hailer, F Leonard, JA AF Hailer, Frank Leonard, Jennifer A. TI Hybridization among Three Native North American Canis Species in a Region of Natural Sympatry SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Population densities of many species throughout the world are changing due to direct persecution as well as anthropogenic habitat modification. These changes may induce or increase the frequency of hybridization among taxa. If extensive, hybridization can threaten the genetic integrity or survival of endangered species. Three native species of the genus Canis, coyote (C. latrans), Mexican wolf (C. lupus baileyi) and red wolf (C. rufus), were historically sympatric in Texas, United States. Human impacts caused the latter two to go extinct in the wild, although they survived in captive breeding programs. Morphological data demonstrate historic reproductive isolation between all three taxa. While the red wolf population was impacted by introgressive hybridization with coyotes as it went extinct in the wild, the impact of hybridization on the Texas populations of the other species is not clear. Methodology/Principal Findings: We surveyed variation at maternally and paternally inherited genetic markers (mitochondrial control region sequence and Y chromosome microsatellites) in coyotes from Texas, Mexican wolves and red wolves from the captive breeding programs, and a reference population of coyotes from outside the historic red wolf range. Levels of variation and phylogenetic analyses suggest that hybridization has occasionally taken place between all three species, but that the impact on the coyote population is very small. Conclusion/Significance: Our results demonstrate that the factors driving introgressive hybridization in sympatric Texan Canis are multiple and complex. Hybridization is not solely determined by body size or sex, and density-dependent effects do not fully explain the observed pattern either. No evidence of hybridization was identified in the Mexican wolf captive breeding program, but introgression appears to have had a greater impact on the captive red wolves. C1 [Hailer, Frank; Leonard, Jennifer A.] Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Hailer, Frank; Leonard, Jennifer A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Mus Nat Hist, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC USA. RP Hailer, F (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Uppsala, Sweden. EM jennifer.leonard@ebc.uu.se RI Hailer, Frank/C-9114-2012; Leonard, Jennifer/A-7894-2010 OI Hailer, Frank/0000-0002-2340-1726; Leonard, Jennifer/0000-0003-0291-7819 FU Carl Trygger Foundation; Swedish Research Council FX Funding was provided by the Carl Trygger Foundation and Swedish Research Council. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 45 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 8 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 10 AR e3333 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003333 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 432DO UT WOS:000265113900003 PM 18841199 ER PT J AU Kornicker, LS Illiffe, TM Harrison-Nelson, E AF Kornicker, Louis S. Illiffe, Thomas M. Harrison-Nelson, Elizabeth TI Ontogeny of Deeveya spiralis Kornicker & Iliffe, 1985, collected in anchialine caves in the Caicos Islands (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Halocyprida, Deeveyidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID TURKS-AND-CAICOS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; BAHAMAS; REMIPEDIA; CALANOIDA; COPEPODA; GENUS AB Three juvenile instars (A-3, A-2, A-1) of Deeveya spiralis from caves in Cottage Pond, North Caicos Island, and Conch Bar Cave, Conch Bar, Middle Caicos Island, are described and illustrated. The ontogeny of the species is compared with that of Deeveya bransoni Kornicker & Palmer, 1987. The changes that take place during the ontogeny of members of the genus are described. C1 [Kornicker, Louis S.; Harrison-Nelson, Elizabeth] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Illiffe, Thomas M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. RP Kornicker, LS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM kornickl@si.edu; iliffet@tamug.edu; nelsone@si.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Science Foundation [DEB0315903] FX We wish to thank Texas A&M University graduate Student Darcy Gibbons for sorting and photographing collected material.. Special appreciation is extended to John Garvin, James Hurley, and Mark Parrish of the Caicos Caves Project, who coordinated our trip and greatly assisted with the diving and associated logistics. This research was supported by grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Caribbean Marine Research Center and the National Science Foundation (DEB0315903) to T. Iliffe. Megan Bluhm inked the penciled drawings of carapaces and appendages. Molly Kelly Ryan prepared the illustrations for publication and Lana Ong cataloged the specimens. We appreciate the suggestions of associate editor Janet W. Reid and the reviewers, Mark Warne and Dan Danielopol. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 7 PY 2008 VL 121 IS 3 BP 331 EP 353 DI 10.2988/08-06.1 PG 23 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 358TY UT WOS:000259941600005 ER PT J AU Ernst, CH Laemmerzahl, AF Lovich, JE AF Ernst, Carl H. Laemmerzahl, Arndt F. Lovich, Jeffrey E. TI A morphological review of the Cuora flavomarginata complex (Testudines: Geoemydidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID EMYDIDAE; REPTILIA; TURTLE AB A reevaluation of the morphometric and color pattern differences within the Asiatic box turtle, Cuora flavomarginata sensu latu, was conducted in view of determining the taxonomic position or the three currently recognized subspecies: C. f filavomarginata (Taiwan), C f sinensis (southern mainland China), and C f evelynae (Ryukyu Islands, Japan). Recent analyses indicate that the allopatric Population of C. f evelynae, is the most divergent of the three taxa and shares little possibility for gene exchange with the other two populations. In contrast, the Populations of C.f. flavomarginata and C. f. sinensis share many characters. We recommend the recognition of the Ryukyu population as a full species, C. evelynae. C1 [Ernst, Carl H.; Laemmerzahl, Arndt F.] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Lovich, Jeffrey E.] US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. RP Ernst, CH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, MRC 162,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM chernst@frontiernet.net; alaemmer@gmu.edu; jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov OI Lovich, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7789-2831 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 7 PY 2008 VL 121 IS 3 BP 391 EP 397 DI 10.2988/08-01.1 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 358TY UT WOS:000259941600010 ER PT J AU Olson, SL AF Olson, Storrs L. TI A new species of shearwater of the genus Calonectris (Aves: Procellariidae) from a middle Pleistocene deposit on Bermuda SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID CORYS SHEARWATER; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; BREEDING COLONY; DIOMEDEA AB Remains of at least 26 individuals of a Calonectris shearwater were recovered from a Pleistocene beach deposit on Bermuda that formed when sea-level was more than 21 in above present level during an interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 11) 400,000 yr ago. Two prefledging juveniles in the sample indicate breeding on the island. This shearwater was the general size of C d. diomedea of the Mediterranean but differs in proportions and in qualitative characters and is described as Calonectris wingatei, new species. The species appears to have become extinct shortly after the time of deposition, when rising sea-level is also thought to have caused the extinction of the Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastria albatrus on Bermuda. The Neogene history of the taxa of Calonectris in the Atlantic basin is examined in the context of major geological and oceanographic events. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Birds, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 7 PY 2008 VL 121 IS 3 BP 398 EP 409 DI 10.2988/08-11.1 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 358TY UT WOS:000259941600011 ER PT J AU Maze, JR Stanwix, PL Hodges, JS Hong, S Taylor, JM Cappellaro, P Jiang, L Dutt, MVG Togan, E Zibrov, AS Yacoby, A Walsworth, RL Lukin, MD AF Maze, J. R. Stanwix, P. L. Hodges, J. S. Hong, S. Taylor, J. M. Cappellaro, P. Jiang, L. Dutt, M. V. Gurudev Togan, E. Zibrov, A. S. Yacoby, A. Walsworth, R. L. Lukin, M. D. TI Nanoscale magnetic sensing with an individual electronic spin in diamond SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID COHERENT DYNAMICS; SINGLE; MAGNETOMETER; QUBITS AB Detection of weak magnetic fields with nanoscale spatial resolution is an outstanding problem in the biological and physical sciences(1-5). For example, at a distance of 10 nm, the spin of a single electron produces a magnetic field of about 1 mu T, and the corresponding field from a single proton is a few nanoteslas. A sensor able to detect such magnetic fields with nanometre spatial resolution would enable powerful applications, ranging from the detection of magnetic resonance signals from individual electron or nuclear spins in complex biological molecules(5,6) to readout of classical or quantum bits of information encoded in an electron or nuclear spin memory(7). Here we experimentally demonstrate an approach to such nanoscale magnetic sensing, using coherent manipulation of an individual electronic spin qubit associated with a nitrogen- vacancy impurity in diamond at room temperature(8). Using an ultra- pure diamond sample, we achieve detection of 3 nT magnetic fields at kilohertz frequencies after 100 s of averaging. In addition, we demonstrate a sensitivity of 0.5 mu THz(-1/2) for a diamond nanocrystal with a diameter of 30 nm. C1 [Maze, J. R.; Hodges, J. S.; Hong, S.; Cappellaro, P.; Jiang, L.; Togan, E.; Zibrov, A. S.; Yacoby, A.; Walsworth, R. L.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stanwix, P. L.; Cappellaro, P.; Walsworth, R. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hodges, J. S.] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dutt, M. V. Gurudev] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Lukin, MD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lukin@fas.harvard.edu RI Stanwix, Paul/A-5280-2009; Hodges, Jonathan/G-1034-2010; Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Dutt, Gurudev /B-2889-2009; Cappellaro, Paola/B-1413-2010; Hong, Sungkun/D-3282-2014; Zibrov, Alexander/G-7419-2014; Jiang, Liang/A-9847-2008; OI Stanwix, Paul/0000-0002-7069-8569; Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Cappellaro, Paola/0000-0003-3207-594X; Hong, Sungkun/0000-0003-0985-6641; Jiang, Liang/0000-0002-0000-9342; Hodges, Jonathan/0000-0002-3487-6698 FU NSF; DARPA; Packard Foundation; Harvard CNS FX We acknowledge A. Akimov, D. Budker, F. Jelezko, F. Koppens, A. Trifonov, P. Hemmer and J. Wratchtrup for many discussions and experimental assistance. This work was supported by the NSF, DARPA, the Packard Foundation and Harvard CNS. NR 29 TC 702 Z9 707 U1 27 U2 228 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 2 PY 2008 VL 455 IS 7213 BP 644 EP U41 DI 10.1038/nature07279 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 354KY UT WOS:000259639700042 PM 18833275 ER PT J AU Strong, EE Glaubrecht, M AF Strong, Ellen E. Glaubrecht, Matthias TI Anatomy and systematics of the minute syrnolopsine gastropods from Lake Tanganyika (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea, Paludomidae) SO ACTA ZOOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE freshwater; homology; phylogeny; size reduction ID EAST-AFRICA; THALASSOID GASTROPODS; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; ANCIENT LAKES; ORIGIN; MORPHOLOGY; THIARIDAE; AFFINITY; CONGO AB The minute syrnolopsine gastropods endemic to Lake Tanganyika have been allied to a number of freshwater, marine and terrestrial groups as a consequence of superficial conchological similarity. Although early anatomical studies confirmed the cerithioid organization of this clade, their close relationship to other lake species was not consistently recognized. In several recent cladistic analyses based on molecular data, the higher taxonomic placement and sister group relationships of syrnolopsines have been unstable. The present analysis confirms that syrnolopsines possess a spermatophore-forming organ - a synapomorphy of the Paludomidae - corroborating their placement in this family. Consistent with the molecular data, syrnolopsine monophyly is supported by two characters that occur exclusively in this group (salivary gland ducts that bypass the nerve ring and a linear albumen gland). Several characters in Martelia tanganyicensis - the most diminutive syrnolopsine - are only evident in the smallest lake species thus far investigated (Bridouxia, Stormsia) namely reduction of ctenidial leaflets, sorting area, intestine length and number of statoconia. These features are interpreted as being correlated with reduction in size. Nevertheless, close examination reveals differences in detail that allow more refined hypotheses of homology and are consistent with their independent origin. C1 [Strong, Ellen E.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Glaubrecht, Matthias] Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Hist Berlin, Dept Malacozool, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Strong, EE (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM StrongE@si.edu FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [GL 297/5-1] FX We are indebted to Marilyn Schotte (USNM) for inking the anatomical drawings. E. S. is grateful to Marta deMaintenon (UH Hilo) for discussions on the evolution of small body size and its consequences. This study was funded by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to M.G. (GL 297/5-1). NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0001-7272 J9 ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM JI Acta Zool. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 289 EP 310 DI 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00318.x PG 22 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Zoology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Zoology GA 347MU UT WOS:000259146500002 ER PT J AU Xiao, JF Zhuang, QL Baldocchi, DD Law, BE Richardson, AD Chen, JQ Oren, R Starr, G Noormets, A Ma, SY Verma, SB Wharton, S Wofsy, SC Bolstad, PV Burns, SP Cook, DR Curtis, PS Drake, BG Falk, M Fischer, ML Foster, DR Gu, LH Hadley, JL Hollinger, DY Katul, GG Litvak, M Martin, TA Matamala, R McNulty, S Meyers, TP Monson, RK Munger, JW Oechel, WC U, KTP Schmid, HP Scott, RL Sun, G Suyker, AE Torn, MS AF Xiao, Jingfeng Zhuang, Qianlai Baldocchi, Dennis D. Law, Beverly E. Richardson, Andrew D. Chen, Jiquan Oren, Ram Starr, Gregory Noormets, Asko Ma, Siyan Verma, Shashi B. Wharton, Sonia Wofsy, Steven C. Bolstad, Paul V. Burns, Sean P. Cook, David R. Curtis, Peter S. Drake, Bert G. Falk, Matthias Fischer, Marc L. Foster, David R. Gu, Lianhong Hadley, Julian L. Hollinger, David Y. Katul, Gabriel G. Litvak, Marcy Martin, Timothy A. Matamala, Roser McNulty, Steve Meyers, Tilden P. Monson, Russell K. Munger, J. William Oechel, Walter C. U, Kyaw Tha Paw Schmid, Hans Peter Scott, Russell L. Sun, Ge Suyker, Andrew E. Torn, Margaret S. TI Estimation of net ecosystem carbon exchange for the conterminous United States by combining MODIS and AmeriFlux data SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Net ecosystem carbon exchange; MODIS; AmeriFlux; NEE; Regression tree; Eddy covariance ID GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; VEGETATION WATER-CONTENT; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; LEAF-AREA INDEX; PONDEROSA PINE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OLD-GROWTH AB Eddy covariance flux towers provide continuous measurements of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) for a wide range of climate and biome types. However, these measurements only represent the carbon fluxes at the scale of the tower footprint. To quantify the net exchange of carbon dioxide between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere for regions or continents, flux tower measurements need to be extrapolated to these large areas. Here we used remotely sensed data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) instrument on board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Terra satellite to scale up AmeriFlux NEE measurements to the continental scale. We first combined MODIS and AmeriFlux data for representative U.S. ecosystems to develop a predictive NEE model using a modified regression tree approach. The predictive model was trained and validated using eddy flux NEE data over the periods 2000-2004 and 2005-2006, respectively. We found that the model predicted NEE well (r = 0.73, p < 0.001). We then applied the model to the continental scale and estimated NEE for each 1 km x 1 km cell across the conterminous U.S. for each 8-day interval in 2005 using spatially explicit MODIS data. The model generally captured the expected spatial and seasonal patterns of NEE as deter-mined from measurements and the literature. Our study demonstrated that our empirical approach is effective for scaling up eddy flux NEE measurements to the continental scale and producing wall-to-wall NEE estimates across multiple biomes. Our estimates may provide an independent dataset from simulations with biogeochemical models and inverse modeling approaches for examining the spatiotemporal patterns of NEE and constraining terrestrial carbon budgets over large areas. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xiao, Jingfeng] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Ma, Siyan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Law, Beverly E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Oren, Ram] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Starr, Gregory] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Noormets, Asko] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Noormets, Asko] N Carolina State Univ, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Verma, Shashi B.; Suyker, Andrew E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Wharton, Sonia; Falk, Matthias; U, Kyaw Tha Paw] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bolstad, Paul V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Burns, Sean P.; Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cook, David R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Curtis, Peter S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Drake, Bert G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Fischer, Marc L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Foster, David R.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest & Dept Organism & Evolutionary Bio, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Gu, Lianhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hadley, Julian L.] Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Litvak, Marcy] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Martin, Timothy A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Matamala, Roser] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [McNulty, Steve; Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Meyers, Tilden P.] NOAA, ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Munger, J. William] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Oechel, Walter C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Schmid, Hans Peter] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Schmid, Hans Peter] Res Ctr Karlsruhe FZK IMK IFU, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Scott, Russell L.] USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Torn, Margaret S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xiao, JF (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, State Coll, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jing@psu.edu RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009; Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Martin, Timothy/0000-0002-7872-4194 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Carbon and Water Program [EAR-0630319]; U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-04ER63917]; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change [DE-FC03-90ER610100] FX The work of J. Xiao and Q. Zhuang was partly funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Carbon and Water Program (EAR-0630319). We thank the U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program (Award #DE-FG02-04ER63917) for funding Dr. B.E. Law to develop the AmeriFlux network protocols and database design for the network, and the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, through the Midwestern Regional Center of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change under Cooperative Agreements No. DE-FC03-90ER610100 for funding P.S. Curtis. We thank the principal investigators of the MODIS data products including A.R. Huete, Z. Wan, R.B. Myneni, and E.F. Vermote and other contributors as well as the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), and the Earth Observing System (EOS) Data Gateway for making these products available. We also thank T.A. Boden at the Carbon Dioxide information Analysis Center, ORNL, S.K.S. Vannan at the ORNL DACC, M. Zhao at the University of Montana, and Z. Wan at the University of California, Santa Barbara, for helpful discussion about AmeriFlux data, MODIS ASCII subsets, MODIS Quality Assurance (QA) flags, and MODIS LST, respectively. The PRISM climate database was provided by the PRISM Group, Oregon State University (http:// www.prismclimate.org). Computing support was provided by the Rosen Center for Advanced Computing, Purdue University. NR 106 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 5 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 148 IS 11 BP 1827 EP 1847 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.06.015 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 378DJ UT WOS:000261301100014 ER PT J AU Dotter, E AF Dotter, Earl TI Art of nursing - Migrant farmworkers, Maine, 2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Int Ctr Photog, New York, NY USA. RP Dotter, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM sylvia.foley@wolterskluwer.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-936X J9 AM J NURS JI Am. J. Nurs. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 108 IS 10 BP 30 EP 31 PG 2 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 355XE UT WOS:000259741800018 PM 18827538 ER PT J AU Ward, C Bauer, EB Smuts, BB AF Ward, Camille Bauer, Erika B. Smuts, Barbara B. TI Partner preferences and asymmetries in social play among domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris, littermates SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE asymmetrical play; Canis lupus familiaris; domestic dog; partner preferences; self-handicapping; social development ID MALE-RATS; INTERACTION PATTERNS; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; WILD MEERKATS; GROUP LEVEL; ONTOGENY; AGE; WOLF; COOPERATION AB We videotaped behaviour in four litters of domestic dogs to explore social play and the development of relationships within litters. We collected data when the puppies were between 3 and 40 weeks of age, but collection times varied by litter. We divided data analysis into three time periods to coincide approximately with critical periods in the early social development of dogs. Early play-partner preferences were associated with preferences in later time periods, and the tendency for puppies to prefer specific partners increased over time. Play did not conform to 50-50 symmetry of roles between partners, which some researchers claim is necessary to sustain play. In the later juvenile period (time 3), dogs who engaged in high rates of offense behaviours (e. g. chasing, forcing partners down) also initiated play at higher rates, implying that winning during play may become more important as puppies mature. Self-handicapping behaviours were positively associated with play signalling, suggesting that, like play signals, self-handicapping may function to indicate playful intent. In mixed-sex dyads, males initiated play, engaged in offense behaviours, and self-handicapped more than females. Females were more likely to initiate with females across all time periods, but males were more likely to initiate with males only in time 3. We discuss results from mixed- and same-sex interactions with reference to inter- and intrasexual competition. The types of offense and self-handicapping behaviours displayed were similar across litters, suggesting that the expression of these behaviours may follow a similar ontogeny in puppies in general. (C) 2008 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ward, Camille; Smuts, Barbara B.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bauer, Erika B.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Anim Programs, Washington, DC USA. RP Ward, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rameses@umich.edu FU Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies at the University of Michigan; Psychology Department at the University of Michigan; Center for the Education of Women at the University of Michigan FX We thank Monika Dressler, Lynne Coleman, Mary Westoff, Mara Markov and Pamela Fusco for allowing us to videotape their litters. We thank Kathy Welch for her statistical consultation, numerous undergraduate students for assistance with data collection and coding (especially Jane Na and Sarah Alessi) and Theresa Lee, Bobbi Low, Patricia McConnell and John Mitani for their reviews of the manuscript. This study was supported by funding from the Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies at the University of Michigan, the Psychology Department at the University of Michigan, and the Center for the Education of Women at the University of Michigan. The research presented here was approved by the University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals at the University of Michigan, Approval 8988. NR 75 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 9 U2 65 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 EI 1095-8282 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 76 BP 1187 EP 1199 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.06.004 PN 4 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 361HG UT WOS:000260118000009 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, W. F. TI Theory meets reality in fragmented forests SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 11 IS 5 BP 364 EP 365 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00206.x PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 357QJ UT WOS:000259860900003 ER PT J AU Towe, KM Clark, RJH Seaver, KA AF Towe, K. M. Clark, R. J. H. Seaver, K. A. TI Analysing the Vinland Map: a critical review of a critical review SO ARCHAEOMETRY LA English DT Review DE Vinland Map; medieval parchment; calcite; synthetic anatase; iron gall ink; carbon-black ink; titanium dioxide; clays; forgery ID ANATASE; INK; AUTHENTICITY; MEDIEVAL; ARTWORK AB In an attempt to validate the Vinland Map as a genuine15th century work, Garman Harbottle (2008) claims to review critically, and thereby discredit, the archaeometric research undertaken on the Map's ink by Walter McCrone (1974-1999) and Brown and Clark (2002). In this paper we outline and discuss the numerous arguments that are presented by Harbottle, all of which we find to be misleading or at best highly questionable. C1 [Towe, K. M.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Eatonton, GA 31024 USA. [Clark, R. J. H.] UCL, Christopher Ingold Labs, London WC1H 0AJ, England. RP Towe, KM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, 157 Broadlands Dr, Eatonton, GA 31024 USA. EM towek@si.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0003-813X J9 ARCHAEOMETRY JI Archaeometry PD OCT PY 2008 VL 50 BP 887 EP 893 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2008.00428.x PN 5 PG 7 WC Archaeology; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Chemistry; Geology GA 347MT UT WOS:000259146400009 ER PT J AU Lunine, JI Fischer, D Hammel, HB Henning, T Hillenbrand, L Kasting, J Laughlin, G Macintosh, B Marley, M Melnick, G Monet, D Noecker, C Peale, S Quirrenbach, A Seager, S Winn, JN AF Lunine, Jonathan I. Fischer, Debra Hammel, H. B. Henning, Thomas Hillenbrand, Lynne Kasting, James Laughlin, Greg Macintosh, Bruce Marley, Mark Melnick, Gary Monet, David Noecker, Charley Peale, Stan Quirrenbach, Andreas Seager, Sara Winn, Joshua N. TI Worlds Beyond: A Strategy for the Detection and Characterization of Exoplanets Executive Summary of a Report of the ExoPlanet Task Force Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee Washington, DC June 23, 2008 SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lunine, Jonathan I.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fischer, Debra] San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Hammel, H. B.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Henning, Thomas] Max Planck Inst, Heidelberg, Germany. [Hillenbrand, Lynne] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kasting, James] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Laughlin, Greg] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce] Lawrence Livermore Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Marley, Mark] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Melnick, Gary] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Monet, David] US Naval Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Noecker, Charley] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Peale, Stan] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Quirrenbach, Andreas] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. [Seager, Sara; Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Lunine, JI (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, 1629 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jlunine@lpl.arizona.edu RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013; OI Fischer, Debra/0000-0003-2221-0861 NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 875 EP 881 DI 10.1089/ast.2008.0276 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 391RJ UT WOS:000262250100001 PM 18800860 ER PT J AU Indebetouw, R Whitney, BA Kawamura, A Onishi, T Meixner, M Meade, MR Babler, BL Hora, JL Gordon, K Engelbracht, C Block, M Misselt, K AF Indebetouw, R. Whitney, B. A. Kawamura, A. Onishi, T. Meixner, M. Meade, M. R. Babler, B. L. Hora, J. L. Gordon, K. Engelbracht, C. Block, M. Misselt, K. TI The Large Magellanic Cloud's largest molecular cloud complex: Spitzer analysis of embedded star formation SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (LMC); Magellanic Clouds; stars : formation ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; SEST KEY PROGRAM; H-II REGIONS; HII-REGIONS; CO SURVEY; SPACE-TELESCOPE; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AB We present a mid-infrared analysis of star-formation activity in the Large Magellanic Cloud's molecular ridge (south of 30 Doradus). The Magellanic Clouds are a rare laboratory in which extragalactic star-formation diagnostics can be tested at high spatial resolution. The southern part of the molecular ridge is particularly interesting as a potential extreme in the range of molecular cloud conditions, because of the apparent paucity (in optical tracers) of star formation compared to its gas mass. Our Spitzer observations are sensitive to protostars greater than or similar to 3M(circle dot), and we estimate a total star-formation luminosity of 5 x 10(6) L(circle dot) in 2 x 10(6) M(circle dot) of molecular material. Detailed modeling of individual infrared-detected star-formation regions yields a total mass of star formation in the region consistent with that predicted by the gas surface density via the Schmitt-Kennicutt relation. The star-formation activity is distributed in rather low-luminosity regions, so the total star-formation rate determined by our infrared analysis is higher than would be predicted simply by the total Ha and 24 mu m luminosities. Detailed analysis in very nearby galaxies, like the Magellanic Clouds, allows us to test and better understand the scaling relations used in unresolved and distant star-formation regions. Finally, we analyze the star-formation regions in the context of their individual molecular clouds and find that clouds with a higher ratio of CO mass to virial mass are more vigorously forming stars. C1 [Indebetouw, R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Indebetouw, R.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Whitney, B. A.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Kawamura, A.; Onishi, T.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Astrophys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Meixner, M.; Gordon, K.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Meade, M. R.; Babler, B. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hora, J. L.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Engelbracht, C.; Block, M.; Misselt, K.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Indebetouw, R (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, POB 400325, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM remy@virginia.edu; bwhitney@spacescience.org OI Babler, Brian/0000-0002-6984-5752; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 FU NASA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; NASA/Spitzer [1275598, NAG5-12595] FX Support to R.I. for this work was provided by NASA through the Spitzer Space Telescope Fellowship Program, through a contract issued by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. SAGE research has been funded by NASA/Spitzer grant 1275598 and NASA NAG5-12595. B.W. was supported by Spitzer Theoretical Research Programs (1290701 and 1310231) and the NASA Theory Program (NNG05GH35G). NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1442 EP 1454 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/4/1442 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 348HY UT WOS:000259202800004 ER PT J AU Winn, JN Holman, MJ Bakos, GA Pal, A Johnson, JA Williams, PKG Shporer, A Mazeh, T Fernandez, J Latham, DW Gillon, M AF Winn, Joshua N. Holman, Matthew J. Bakos, Gaspar A. Pal, Andras Johnson, John Asher Williams, Peter K. G. Shporer, Avi Mazeh, Tsevi Fernandez, Jose Latham, David W. Gillon, Michael TI The transit light curve project. VII. The not-so-bloated exoplanet HAT-P-1B (vol 134, pg 1707, 2007) SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Holman, Matthew J.; Bakos, Gaspar A.; Fernandez, Jose; Latham, David W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pal, Andras] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. [Johnson, John Asher; Williams, Peter K. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shporer, Avi; Mazeh, Tsevi] Tel Aviv Univ, Wise Observ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Fernandez, Jose] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago 22, Chile. [Gillon, Michael] Observ Univ Geneve, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. [Gillon, Michael] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. RP Winn, JN (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1753 EP 1753 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/4/1753 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 348HY UT WOS:000259202800029 ER PT J AU Revnivtsev, M Churazov, E Sazonov, S Forman, W Jones, C AF Revnivtsev, M. Churazov, E. Sazonov, S. Forman, W. Jones, C. TI Universal X-ray emissivity of the stellar population in early-type galaxies: unresolved X-ray sources in NGC 3379 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: bulges; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: galaxies; X-rays: ISM; galaxies: fundamental parameters ID HOT GAS; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DIFFUSE EMISSION; GALACTIC RIDGE; XMM-NEWTON; BINARIES; CHANDRA; EVOLUTION; CLUSTERS AB We use deep Chandra observations to measure the emissivity of the unresolved X-ray emission in the elliptical galaxy NGC 3379. After elimination of bright, low-mass X-ray binaries with luminosities greater than or similar to 10(36) erg s(-1), we find that the remaining unresolved X-ray emission is characterized by an emissivity per unit stellar mass L(x)/M(*) similar to 8.2 x 10(27) erg s(-1) M(-1)circle dot in the 0.5-2 keV energy band. This value is in good agreement with those previosuly determined for the dwarf elliptical galaxy M 32, the bulge of the spiral galaxy M 31 and the Milky Way, as well as with the integrated X-ray emissivity of cataclysmic variables and coronally active binaries in the Solar neighborhood. This strongly suggests that i) the bulk of the unresolved X-ray emission in NGC 3379 is produced by its old stellar population; and ii) the old stellar populations in all galaxies can be characterized by a universal value of X-ray emissivity per unit stellar mass or per unit K band luminosity. C1 [Revnivtsev, M.; Churazov, E.; Sazonov, S.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. [Revnivtsev, M.; Churazov, E.; Sazonov, S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Forman, W.; Jones, C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Revnivtsev, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85740 Garching, Germany. EM mikej@mpa-garching.mpg.de RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013; OI Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation; DFG-Schwerpunktprogramme [CH389/3-2, RFFI07-02-01051, 07-02-00961, NSH-5579.2008.2]; Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences FX This research made use of data obtained from the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center Online Service, provided by the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This work was supported by DFG-Schwerpunktprogramme (SPP 1177), grants CH389/3-2, RFFI07-02-01051, 07-02-00961, NSH-5579.2008.2 and by program of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences "Formation and evolution of stars and galaxies". NR 37 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 490 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809889 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 359DM UT WOS:000259966600007 ER PT J AU Lombardi, M Lada, CJ Alves, J AF Lombardi, M. Lada, C. J. Alves, J. TI 2MASS wide field extinction maps - II. The Ophiuchus and the Lupus cloud complexes SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : dust, extinction; ISM : structure; ISM : individual objects : Pipe molecular complex; methods : data analysis ID NEAR-INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; FULLY-DEVELOPED TURBULENCE; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; DARK CLOUD; PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION; SUPERSONIC TURBULENCE; STELLAR POPULATION; COLUMN DENSITY; IMAGING SURVEY AB We present an extinction map of a similar to 1700 deg sq region that encloses the Ophiuchus, the Lupus, and the Pipe dark complexes using 42 million stars from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) point source catalog. The use of a robust and optimal near-infrared method to map dust column density (nicer, described in Lombardi & Alves 2001, A&A, 377, 1023) allow us to detect extinction as low as A(K) = 0.05 mag with a 2-sigma significance, and still to have a resolution of 3 arcmin on our map. We also present a novel, statistically sound method to characterize the small-scale inhomogeneities in molecular clouds. Finally, we investigate the cloud structure function, and show that significant deviations from the results predicted by turbulent models are observed. C1 [Lombardi, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Lada, C. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Alves, J.] Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, Calar Alto Observ, Almeria 04004, Spain. RP Lombardi, M (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dept Phys, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM mlombard@eso.org OI LOMBARDI, MARCO/0000-0002-3336-4965; Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921 FU NASA ORIGINS [NAG 5-13041] FX We thank the anonymous referee for many useful comments and suggestions. This research has made use of the 2MASS archive, provided by NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. CJL acknowledges support from NASA ORIGINS Grant NAG 5-13041. NR 50 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 489 IS 1 BP 143 EP 156 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200810070 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 350JA UT WOS:000259347400014 ER PT J AU Massaro, F Giommi, P Tosti, G Cassetti, A Nesci, R Perri, M Burrows, D Gerehls, N AF Massaro, F. Giommi, P. Tosti, G. Cassetti, A. Nesci, R. Perri, M. Burrows, D. Gerehls, N. TI Swift observations of IBL and LBL objects SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : BL Lacertae objects : general; X-rays : galaxies; radiation mechanisms : non-thermal ID BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; X-RAY-SPECTRA; BLAZAR PKS 0537-441; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; LAC OBJECTS; MULTIFREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS; RADIO-SOURCES; OJ 287 AB Context. BL Lacs are an enigmatic class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), characterized by the non-thermal continuum typically attributed to synchrotron and inverse Compton emission. Depending on the frequency location of the maxima of these components, they are subdivided into three subclasses LBLs, IBLs, and HBLs. We present the results of a set of observations of eight BL Lac objects of LBL and IBL type performed by the XRT and UVOT detectors onboard the Swift satellite between January 2005 and November 2006. Aims. We are mainly interested in measuring the spectral parameters, and particularly the steepness between the UV and the X-ray band, useful for determining the classification of these sources. We compare the behavior of these sources with previous XMM-Newton, BeppoSAX observations and with historical data in the X-ray and in the optical band. We are also interested in classifying the sources in our sample on the basis of the Swift observations and comparing them with their classification presented in literature. Methods. We performed X-ray spectral analysis of observed BL Lac objects using a simple powerlaw and in a few cases the log-parabolic model. We also combined the UV emission with the low energy X-ray data to describe their spectral energy distribution. Results. We used Swift observational data to classify sources in our sample and derived parameters of their spectral energy distribution. Conclusions. We found that for the IBLs X-rays low states show features of the high energy component, usually interpreted as due to inverse Compton emission. Sources in our sample exhibit a range of temporal UV and X-ray behaviors, some objects having clear and neat correlated UV and X-ray variations (e. g. ON231) and other objects showing no clear (e. g. AO 0235 + 164) UV and X-ray correlation. Finally, we also note that our estimates of spectral curvature are in the range of that measured for the High frequency peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs). C1 [Massaro, F.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Massaro, F.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Giommi, P.; Perri, M.] ESRIN, ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cassetti, A.; Nesci, R.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Burrows, D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gerehls, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Massaro, F (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Via Ric Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM fmassaro@cfa.harvard.edu RI Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016; OI Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Perri, Matteo/0000-0003-3613-4409 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank our referee E. Pian for helpful comments improving our presentation. F. Massaro thanks G. Cusumano for his help in the use of the Swift-XRT data reduction procedure, and A. Tramacere for his suggestions and discussions on the use of XMM-Newton SAS software. We thank S. Ciprini for helpful discussion of OJ 287 XMM-Newton observations. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 58 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 489 IS 3 BP 1047 EP 1054 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809824 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 356DZ UT WOS:000259760200018 ER PT J AU Gallagher, JS Garnavich, PM Caldwell, N Kirshner, RP Jha, SW Li, WD Ganeshalingam, M Filippenko, AV AF Gallagher, Joseph S. Garnavich, Peter M. Caldwell, Nelson Kirshner, Robert P. Jha, Saurabh W. Li, Weidong Ganeshalingam, Mohan Filippenko, Alexei V. TI Supernovae in early-type galaxies: Directly connecting age and metallicity with Type Ia luminosity SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD galaxies : fundamental parameters; supernovae : general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EVOLUTIONARY POPULATION SYNTHESIS; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; STELLAR ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS; INFRARED CAII TRIPLET; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; STAR-FORMATION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DARK ENERGY; EMPIRICAL CALIBRATION AB We have obtained optical spectra of 29 early-type (E/S0) galaxies that hosted Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). We have measured absorption-line strengths and compared them to a grid of models to extract the relations between the supernova properties and the luminosity-weighted age/composition of the host galaxies. Such a direct measurement is a marked improvement over existing analyses that tend to rely on general correlations between the properties of stellar populations and morphology. We find a strong correlation suggesting that SNe Ia in galaxies whose populations have a characteristic age greater than 5 Gyr are similar to 1 mag fainter at V-max than those found in galaxies with younger populations. We find that SN Ia distance residuals in the Hubble diagram are correlated with host-galaxy metal abundance with higher iron abundance galaxies hosting less-luminous supernovae. We thus conclude that the time since progenitor formation primarily determines the radioactive Ni production while progenitor metal abundance has a weaker influence on peak luminosity, but one not fully corrected by light-curve shape and color fitters. This result, particularly the secondary dependence on metallicity, has significant implications for the determination of the equation-of-state parameter, w = P/(rho c(2)), and could impact planning for future dark-energy missions such as JDEM. Assuming no selection effects in discovering SNe Ia in local early-type galaxies, we find a higher specific SN Ia rate in E/S0 galaxies with ages below 3 Gyr than in older hosts. The higher rate and brighter luminosities seen in the youngest E/S0 hosts may be a result of recent star formation and represents a tail of the ''prompt'' SN Ia progenitors. C1 [Gallagher, Joseph S.; Garnavich, Peter M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Caldwell, Nelson; Kirshner, Robert P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jha, Saurabh W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Li, Weidong; Ganeshalingam, Mohan; Filippenko, Alexei V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gallagher, JS (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, 225 Nieuwland Sci Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jgallag3@nd.edu FU NASA LTSA [NAG5-9364]; NSF [AST 06-06772, AST 06-07485]; TABASGO Foundation; Sun Microsystems, Inc.; Hewlett-Packard Company; AutoScope Corporation; Lick Observatory; University of California; Sylvia and Jim Katzman Foundation FX Partial funding for this work came through NASA LTSA grant NAG5-9364. Supernova research at Harvard University is supported by NSF Grant AST 06-06772. A. V. F.'s supernova group at the University of California, Berkeley is supported by NSF grant AST 06-07485, as well as by the TABASGO Foundation. KAIT was made possible by generous donations from Sun Microsystems, Inc., the Hewlett-Packard Company, AutoScope Corporation, Lick Observatory, the NSF, the University of California, and the Sylvia and Jim Katzman Foundation. We thank Sumner Starrfield and the Arizona State University for granting us access to their computer network that proved invaluable for the completion of this work. NR 107 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 2 BP 752 EP 766 DI 10.1086/590659 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 353FA UT WOS:000259550300006 ER PT J AU Kataoka, J Stawarz, L Harris, DE Siemiginowska, A Ostrowski, M Swain, MR Hardcastle, MJ Goodger, JL Iwasawa, K Edwards, PG AF Kataoka, J. Stawarz, L. Harris, D. E. Siemiginowska, A. Ostrowski, M. Swain, M. R. Hardcastle, M. J. Goodger, J. L. Iwasawa, K. Edwards, P. G. TI Chandra reveals twin X-ray jets in the powerful FR II radio galaxy 3C 353 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (3C 353); galaxies : jets; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; X-rays : general ID LARGE-SCALE JETS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SHEATH RELATIVISTIC JETS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; EXTRAGALACTIC JETS; HOT-SPOTS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; DYNAMICAL MODELS; CENTAURUS-A AB We report X-ray imaging of the powerful FR II radio galaxy 3C 353 using the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Due to 3C 353's two 4 '' wide and 2' long jets we are able to study in detail the internal structure of the large-scale relativistic outflows at both radio and X-ray photon energies with the subarcsecond spatial resolution provided by the VLA and Chandra instruments. In a 90 ks Chandra observation, we have detected X-ray emission from most radio structures in 3C 353, including the nucleus, the jet and the counterjet, the terminal jet regions (hot spots), and one radio lobe. We show that the detection of the X-ray emission associated with the radio knots and counterknots, which is most likely nonthermal in origin, puts several crucial constraints on the X-ray emission mechanisms in powerful large-scale jets of quasars and FR II sources. In particular, we show that this detection is inconsistent with the inverse-Compton model proposed in the literature and instead implies a synchrotron origin of the X-ray jet photons. We also find that the width of the X-ray counterjet is possibly narrower than that measured in radio bands, that the radio to X-ray flux ratio decreases systematically downstream along the jets, and that there are substantial (kpc-scale) offsets between the positions of the X-ray and radio intensity maxima within each knot, whose magnitudes increase away from the nucleus. We discuss all these findings in the wider context of the physics of extragalactic jets, proposing some particular although not definitive solutions or interpretations for each problem. In general, we find that the synchrotron X-ray emission of extragalactic large-scale jets is not only shaped by the global hydrodynamical configuration of the outflows, but is also likely to be very sensitive to the microscopic parameters of the jet plasma. A complete, self-consistent model for the X-ray emission of extragalactic jets still remains elusive. C1 [Kataoka, J.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Stawarz, L.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Stawarz, L.; Ostrowski, M.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Harris, D. E.; Siemiginowska, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Swain, M. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Goodger, J. L.] Univ Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Iwasawa, K.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Edwards, P. G.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. RP Kataoka, J (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Goodger, Joanna/0000-0002-5738-4768 FU Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [19204017]; Polish Ministry of Education and Science (MEiN) [1-P03D-003-29]; Royal Society; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NAS8-39073]; NASA [GO5-6113X, GO7-8103X-R]; Chandra X-Ray Observatory Center [NAS8-39073] FX J. K. acknowledges support by the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (19204017). x. S. and M. O. acknowledge support by the Polish Ministry of Education and Science (MEiN) grant 1-P03D-003-29. M. J. H. acknowledges support from the Royal Society and J. L. G. thanks the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council for a studentship. M. O. thanks Malgosia Mochol for her assistance in the evaluation of the Chandra data. This research is funded in part by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) contract NAS8-39073. Partial support for this work was provided by the NASA through Chandra Awards Number GO5-6113X and GO7-8103X-R issued by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-39073. This research has made use of data obtained by Chandra X-Ray Observatory and software provided by the Chandra X-Ray Center (CXC). This research has also made use of SAOImage DS9, developed by Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation, operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 95 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 2 BP 839 EP 857 DI 10.1086/591024 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 353FA UT WOS:000259550300012 ER PT J AU Buyle, P De Rijcke, S Debattista, VP Ferreras, I Pasquali, A Seth, A Morelli, L AF Buyle, Pieter De Rijcke, Sven Debattista, Victor P. Ferreras, Ignacio Pasquali, Anna Seth, Anil Morelli, Lorenzo TI Radio continuum observations of the candidate supermassive black hole in the dwarf elliptical VCC 128 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : individual (VCC 128); galaxies : nuclei; radio continuum : galaxies ID SURFACE BRIGHTNESS GALAXIES; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; FUNDAMENTAL RELATION; VELOCITY DISPERSION; SEYFERT-1 GALAXY; SIGMA RELATION; DOUBLE NUCLEUS; LOW-MASS; GROWTH AB The presence of black holes (BHs) at the centers of dwarf elliptical galaxies (dEs) has been argued both theoretically and observationally. Using archival HST WFPC2 data, we found the Virgo cluster dwarf elliptical galaxy VCC 128 to harbor a binary nucleus, a feature that is usually interpreted as the observable signature of a stellar disk orbiting a central massive black hole. Debattista et al. estimated its mass as M(center dot) similar to 6 x 10(6)-5 x 10(7) M(circle dot). One of the most robust means of verifying the existence of a BH is radio continuum and/or X-ray emission; however, because of the deficiency of gas in dEs, radio continuum emission is the best option here. We have tried to detect the X-band radio emission coming from the putative black hole in VCC 128 when it accretes gas from the surrounding ISM. While we made a positive 4 sigma detection of a point source 4.63 '' southwest of the binary nucleus, no statistically significant evidence for emission associated with the nuclei themselves was detected. This implies either that VCC 128 has no massive central black hole, which makes the nature of the binary nucleus hard to explain, or, if it has a central black hole, that the physical conditions of the ISM ( predominantly its density and temperature) and/or of the surrounding accretion disk do not allow for efficient gas accretion onto the black hole, making the quiescent black hole very difficult to detect at radio wavelengths. C1 [Buyle, Pieter; De Rijcke, Sven] Univ Ghent, Sterrenkundig Observ, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Debattista, Victor P.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Ferreras, Ignacio] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Pasquali, Anna] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Seth, Anil] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Morelli, Lorenzo] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, Vic Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padua, Italy. RP Buyle, P (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Sterrenkundig Observ, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM Pieter.Buyle@UGent.be; Sven.DeRijcke@UGent.be; vpdebattista@uclan.ac.uk; pasquali@mpia-hd.mpg.de; ascth@cfa.harvard.edu; lorenzo.morelli@unipd.it OI Ferreras, Ignacio/0000-0003-4584-3127 FU Scientific Research-Flanders, Belgium (FWO); Padova University [CPDR061795/06]; National Science Foundation FX P. B. and S. D. R. are postdoctoral fellows of the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders, Belgium (FWO). L. M. is supported by grant (CPDR061795/06) by Padova University. The Very Large Array is a facility instrument of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by Associated Universities, Inc. under contract from the National Science Foundation. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 2 BP 915 EP 918 DI 10.1086/591311 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 353FA UT WOS:000259550300018 ER PT J AU Tullmann, R Gaetz, TJ Plucinsky, PP Long, KS Hughes, JP Blair, WP Winkler, PF Pannuti, TG Breitschwerdt, D Ghavamian, P AF Tuellmann, Ralph Gaetz, Terrance J. Plucinsky, Paul P. Long, Knox S. Hughes, John P. Blair, William P. Winkler, P. Frank Pannuti, Thomas G. Breitschwerdt, Dieter Ghavamian, Parviz TI The Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 (ChASeM33): Investigating the hot ionized medium in NGC 604 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M33); HII regions; ISM : bubbles; X-rays : individual (NGC 604) ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; WOLF-RAYET STARS; H-II REGIONS; MASS-LOSS RATES; NGC 604; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; INTERSTELLAR BUBBLES; FORMING REGIONS; OB ASSOCIATIONS; X-RAYS AB NGC 604 is the largest H II region in M33, second only within the Local Group to 30 Dor, and is important as a laboratory for understanding how massive young stellar clusters interact with the surrounding interstellar medium. Here we present deep (300 ks) X-ray imagery of NGC 604 obtained as part of the Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 (ChASeM33), which shows highly structured X-ray emission covering similar to 70% of the full H alpha extent of NGC 604. The main bubbles and cavities in NGC 604 are filled with hot (kT = 0.5 keV) X-ray-emitting gas, and X-ray spectra extracted from these regions indicate that the gas is thermal. For the western part of NGC 604 we derive an X-ray gas mass of similar to 4300 M-circle dot and an unabsorbed (0.35-2.5 keV) X-ray luminosity of L-X = 9.3 x 10(35) erg s(-1). These values are consistent with a stellar mass-loss bubble entirely powered by similar to 200 OB stars. This result is remarkable because the standard bubble model tends to underpredict the luminosity of X-ray-bright bubbles and usually requires additional heating from SNRs. Given a cluster age of similar to 3 Myr, it is likely that the massive stars have not yet evolved into SNe. We detect two discrete spots of enhanced and harder X-ray emission, which we consider to be fingerprints from a reverse shock produced by a supersonic wind after it collided with the shell wall. In the eastern part of NGC 604 the X-ray gas mass amounts to similar to 1750 M-circle dot. However, mass loss from young stars cannot account for the unabsorbed X-ray luminosity of L-X = 4.8 x 10(35) erg s(-1). Off-center SNRs could produce the additional luminosity. The bubbles in the east seem to be much older and were most likely formed and powered by young stars and SNe in the past. A similar dichotomy between east and west is seen in the optical, implying that a massive wall of neutral and ionized gas shields the dynamically quiescent east from the actively star-forming west. C1 [Tuellmann, Ralph; Gaetz, Terrance J.; Plucinsky, Paul P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Long, Knox S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Blair, William P.; Ghavamian, Parviz] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Winkler, P. Frank] Middlebury Coll, Dept Phys, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Pannuti, Thomas G.] Morehead State Univ, Ctr Space Sci, Morehead, KY 40351 USA. [Breitschwerdt, Dieter] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Tullmann, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rtuellmann@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA [GO6-7073, NAS8-03060, GO6-7073B, G06-7073C] FX This work has made use of SAO Image DS9 (Joye & Mandel 2003), developed by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, the FUNTOOLS utilities, and the HEASARC FTOOLS package. We thank the anonymous referee for valuable comments. R. T. wishes to thank J. Raymond and H. Lee for helpful discussions and suggestions. R. T. acknowledges support under NASA Chandra award GO6-7073A. T. J. G. and P. P. P. acknowledge support under NASA contract NAS8-03060. P. G. acknowledges support through Chandra grant GO6-7073B, and P. F. W. acknowledges support through G06-7073C. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 2 BP 919 EP 932 DI 10.1086/591019 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 353FA UT WOS:000259550300019 ER PT J AU Arendt, RG Gezari, DY Stolovy, SR Sellgren, K Smith, R Ramirez, SV Yusef-Zadeh, F Law, CJ Smith, HA Cotera, AS Moseley, SH AF Arendt, R. G. Gezari, D. Y. Stolovy, S. R. Sellgren, K. Smith, R. Ramirez, S. V. Yusef-Zadeh, F. Law, C. J. Smith, H. A. Cotera, A. S. Moseley, S. H. TI Comparison of 3.6-8.0 mu m Spitzer/IRAC Galactic Center Survey point sources with Chandra X-ray point sources in the central 40x40 parsecs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; infrared : stars; X-rays : binaries ID CENTER REGION; STAR; POPULATION; CATALOG; EXTINCTION; EMISSION; BINARIES; GALAXY AB We have studied the correlation between 2357 Chandra X-ray point sources in a 40 x 40 pc field and similar to 20,000 infrared sources we observed in the corresponding subset of our 2 degrees x 1.4 degrees Spitzer/IRAC Galactic Center Survey at 3.6-8.0 mu m, using various spatial and X-ray hardness thresholds. The correlation was determined for source separations of less than 0.5 '', 1 '', or 2 ''. Only the soft X-ray sources show any correlation with infrared point sources on these scales, and that correlation is very weak. The upper limit on hard X-ray sources that have infrared counterparts is < 1.7% (3 sigma). However, because of the confusion limit of the IR catalog, we only detect IR sources with absolute magnitudes less than or similar to 1. As a result, a stronger correlation with fainter sources cannot be ruled out. Only one compact IR source, IRS 13, coincides with any of the dozen prominent X-ray emission features in the 3 x 3 pc region centered on Sgr A*, and the diffuse X-ray and IR emission around Sgr A* seems to be anticorrelated on a few-arcsecond scale. We compare our results with previous identifications of near-infrared companions to Chandra X-ray sources. C1 [Arendt, R. G.; Moseley, S. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, UMBC,GSFC,Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gezari, D. Y.; Smith, R.; Moseley, S. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stolovy, S. R.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sellgren, K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ramirez, S. V.] CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Yusef-Zadeh, F.; Law, C. J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Smith, H. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cotera, A. S.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Arendt, RG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, UMBC,GSFC,Code 665, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM richard.g.arendt@nasa.gov RI Moseley, Harvey/D-5069-2012 FU NASA; JPL's Long Wavelength Center; Spitzer Science Center FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA. K. S. thanks the NASA Faculty Fellowship Program for financial support and the hospitality of JPL's Long Wavelength Center and the Spitzer Science Center. We thank the referee for substantial comments and suggestions. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 2 BP 958 EP 970 DI 10.1086/591015 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 353FA UT WOS:000259550300022 ER PT J AU Qiu, KP Zhang, QZ Megeath, ST Gutermuth, RA Beuther, H Shepherd, DS Sridharan, TK Testi, L De Pree, CG AF Qiu, Keping Zhang, Qizhou Megeath, S. Thomas Gutermuth, Robert A. Beuther, Henrik Shepherd, Debra S. Sridharan, T. K. Testi, L. De Pree, C. G. TI Spitzer IRAC and MIPS imaging of clusters and outflows in nine high-mass star forming regions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE infrared : stars; ISM : jets and outflows; reflection nebulae; stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; INFRARED-ARRAY-CAMERA; HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; IN-FLIGHT PERFORMANCE; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; THERMAL RADIO JET; SPACE-TELESCOPE; PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; HH 80-81; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVIRONMENT AB We present Spitzer Space Telescope IRAC and MIPS observations toward a sample of nine high-mass star forming regions at a distance of around 2 kpc. Based on IRAC and MIPS 24 mu m photometric results and 2MASS JHKs data, we carry out a census of young stellar objects (YSOs) in a 5' x 5' field toward each region. Toward seven out of the nine regions, we detect parsec- sized clusters with around 20 YSOs surrounded by a more extended and sparse distribution of young stars and protostars. For the other two regions, IRAS 20126+4104 and IRAS 22172+5549, the former has the lowest number of YSOs in the sample and shows no obvious cluster, and the latter appears to be part of a larger, potentially more evolved cluster. The deep IRAC imaging reveals at least 12 outflows in eight out of the nine regions, with nine outflows prominent in the 4.5 mu m band most probably attributed to shocked H-2 emission, two outflows dominated by scattered light in the 3.6 and 4.5 mu m bands, and one outflow standing out from its hydrocarbon emission in the 8.0 mu m band. In comparison with previous ground-based observations, our IRAC observations reveal new outflow structures in five regions. The dramatically different morphologies of detected outflows can be tentatively interpreted in terms of possible evolution of massive outflows. The driving sources of these outflows are deeply embedded in dense dusty cores revealed by previous millimeter interferometric observations. We detect infrared counterparts of these dusty cores in the IRAC or MIPS 24 mu m bands. Reflection nebulae dominated by the emission from UV-heated hydrocarbons in the 8 mu m band can be found in most regions and they may imply the presence of young B stars. C1 [Qiu, Keping] Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Qiu, Keping; Zhang, Qizhou; Gutermuth, Robert A.; Sridharan, T. K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Megeath, S. Thomas] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Beuther, Henrik] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Shepherd, Debra S.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Testi, L.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Testi, L.] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [De Pree, C. G.] Agnes Scott Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. RP Qiu, KP (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. EM kqiu@cfa.harvard.edu OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 105 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 2 BP 1005 EP 1025 DI 10.1086/591044 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 353FA UT WOS:000259550300026 ER PT J AU Lee, CF Ho, PTP Bourke, TL Hirano, N Shang, H Zhang, QZ AF Lee, Chin-Fei Ho, Paul T. P. Bourke, Tyler L. Hirano, Naomi Shang, Hsien Zhang, Qizhou TI SiO shocks of the protostellar jet HH 212: A search for jet rotation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (HH 212); ISM : jets and outflows; stars : formation ID SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; ORION NEBULA; YOUNG STARS; OUTFLOWS; ARCSECOND; DISTANCE; HH212; WINDS; GAS AB HH 212 is a nearby (400 pc), highly collimated protostellar jet powered by a class 0 source in Orion. Our previous observations with the Submillimeter Array have shown that the inner part of the jet is well traced by SiO (J = 8-7) shock emission. Here we present the observations at a higher angular resolution of similar to 0.35 '', searching for jet rotation with better resolved shock structures and kinematics. The jet has a transverse width of similar to 80-140 AU. The two SiO knots closest to the source are now spatially resolved into two bow shocks. The one in the south is better resolved; a precessing jet or an unseen wide-angle wind component may be required to reproduce its kinematics. Velocity gradients are seen across the tips of these two bow shocks and may arise from jet rotation. The launching radius of the jet, derived from the potential jet rotation, is less than or similar to 0.05-0.30 AU in the inner disk, consistent with an inner disk wind bearing strong resemblance to the X-wind. Continuum emission is detected at 850 mu m toward the source and can be approximately separated into two components. One is extended with a deconvolved size of similar to 2 '' (800 AU), tracing bases around the SiO jet and probably a flattened envelope around the source. The other is compact with a deconvolved size of similar to 0.25 '' (or 100 AU), likely tracing a growing optically thick disk surrounded by an inner envelope and/or inner bases around the source. C1 [Lee, Chin-Fei; Ho, Paul T. P.; Hirano, Naomi; Shang, Hsien] Acad Sinica Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Lee, Chin-Fei] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Submillimeter Array, Hilo, HI USA. [Ho, Paul T. P.; Bourke, Tyler L.; Zhang, Qizhou] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lee, CF (reprint author), Acad Sinica Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM cflee@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 30 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 2 BP 1026 EP 1032 DI 10.1086/591177 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 353FA UT WOS:000259550300027 ER PT J AU Andrews, SM Liu, MC Williams, JP Allers, KN AF Andrews, Sean M. Liu, Michael C. Williams, Jonathan P. Allers, K. N. TI Submillimeter observations of the young low-mass object IRAS 04158+2805 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars : formation; stars : individual (IRAS 04158+2805) stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence ID BROWN DWARF DISKS; CLASS-I PROTOSTARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST DISKS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES; T-TAURI STARS; STELLAR OBJECTS; UY AURIGAE; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER AB We present high spatial resolution Submillimeter Array observations and supplementary single-dish photometry of the molecular gas and dust around IRAS 04158+2805, a young source with spectral type M5-M6 in the Taurus star-forming region. A bright, highly elongated dust structure that extends 8 '' (similar to 1120 AU) in diameter is revealed in a 883 mu m thermal continuum image. This emission geometry is in good agreement with optical observations that show a similar structure in absorption, aligned perpendicular to bipolar scattered light nebulae. However, the interferometric data also clearly demonstrate that the submillimeter continuum emission is not centrally concentrated, but rather appears to have a toroidal geometry with substantially lower intensities inside a radius of similar to 250-300 AU. Spatially resolved emission from the CO J = 3-2 transition exhibits a velocity gradient along the major axis of the dust structure. If this kinematic pattern is interpreted as the signature of rotation around a central object, then a relatively low mass is inferred (M* similar to 0: 3 M(circle dot), with a similar to 50% uncertainty). We discuss several possible explanations for the observed gas and dust environment around IRAS 04158+2805, including a flattened envelope with an outflow cavity and a large circumbinary ring. This source offers unique views of the gas and dust environment surrounding a young low-mass stellar system. Its properties are generally not commensurate with formation scenarios for such low-mass objects that rely on dynamical ejection, but rather confirms that a single mechanism-molecular cloud core collapse and fragmentation-can produce stars over a wide range of stellar masses (at least an order of magnitude). C1 [Andrews, Sean M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Liu, Michael C.; Williams, Jonathan P.; Allers, K. N.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Andrews, SM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sandrews@cfa.harvard.edu; mliu@ifa.hawaii.edu; jpw@ifa.hawaii.edu; allers@ifa.hawaii.edu RI Williams, Jonathan/B-1643-2009; OI Williams, Jonathan/0000-0001-5058-695X NR 78 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 2 BP 1039 EP 1045 DI 10.1086/591417 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 353FA UT WOS:000259550300029 ER PT J AU Gal-Yam, A Bufano, F Barlow, TA Baron, E Benetti, S Cappellaro, E Challis, PJ Ellis, RS Filippenko, AV Foley, RJ Fox, DB Hicken, M Kirshner, RP Leonard, DC Li, W Maoz, D Matheson, T Mazzali, PA Modjaz, M Nomoto, K Ofek, EO Simon, JD Small, TA Smith, GP Turatto, M Van Dyk, SD Zampieri, L AF Gal-Yam, A. Bufano, F. Barlow, T. A. Baron, E. Benetti, S. Cappellaro, E. Challis, P. J. Ellis, R. S. Filippenko, A. V. Foley, R. J. Fox, D. B. Hicken, M. Kirshner, R. P. Leonard, D. C. Li, W. Maoz, D. Matheson, T. Mazzali, P. A. Modjaz, M. Nomoto, K. Ofek, E. O. Simon, J. D. Small, T. A. Smith, G. P. Turatto, M. Van Dyk, S. D. Zampieri, L. TI GALEX SPECTROSCOPY OF SN 2005ay SUGGESTS ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRAL UNIFORMITY AMONG TYPE II-P SUPERNOVAE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE supernovae: individual (SN 2005ay); ultraviolet: general ID EXPANDING PHOTOSPHERE METHOD; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; IA SUPERNOVAE; DARK ENERGY; EVOLUTION; CONSTRAINTS; PROGENITOR; DISTANCES; DISCOVERIES; PHOTOMETRY AB We present the initial results from our GALEX program designed to obtain ultraviolet (UV) spectra of nearby core-collapse supernovae (SNe). Our first target, SN 2005ay in the nearby galaxy NGC 3938, is a typical member of the SN II-P subclass. Our spectra show remarkable similarity to those of the prototypical Type II-P SN 1999em, and resemble also Swift observations of the recent Type II-P SN 2005cs. Taken together, the observations of these three events trace the UV spectral evolution of SNe II-P during the first month after explosion, as required in order to interpret optical observations of high-redshift SNe II-P, and to derive cross-filter K-corrections. While still highly preliminary, the apparent UV homogeneity of SNe II-P bodes well for the use of these events as cosmological probes at high redshift. C1 [Gal-Yam, A.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Benoziyo Ctr Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Gal-Yam, A.; Ellis, R. S.; Ofek, E. O.; Simon, J. D.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bufano, F.; Benetti, S.; Cappellaro, E.; Mazzali, P. A.; Turatto, M.; Zampieri, L.] Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Barlow, T. A.; Small, T. A.] CALTECH, GALEX Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Baron, E.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Challis, P. J.; Hicken, M.; Kirshner, R. P.; Modjaz, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Filippenko, A. V.; Foley, R. J.; Li, W.; Modjaz, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fox, D. B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Leonard, D. C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Maoz, D.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Matheson, T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Mazzali, P. A.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Nomoto, K.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Nomoto, K.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Smith, G. P.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Van Dyk, S. D.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Gal-Yam, A (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Benoziyo Ctr Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM avishay.gal-yam@weizmann.ac.il RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009; Nomoto, Ken'ichi/A-4393-2011; OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608; Benetti, Stefano/0000-0002-3256-0016; Cappellaro, Enrico/0000-0001-5008-8619; Turatto, Massimo/0000-0002-9719-3157; Zampieri, Luca/0000-0002-6516-1329; Gal-Yam, Avishay/0000-0002-3653-5598; Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 FU NASA [NAS5-98034, GALEX-GI-44, GALEX-GI-67, GALEX-GI-20]; Benoziyo Center for Astrophysics; Patricia Gruber; William Z. and Eda Bess Novick New Scientists Fund; NSF [AST 06-07485]; Italian Ministry of Education [PRIN 2006 n.2006022731 002] FX Based on observations made with the NASA Galaxy Evolution Explorer, GALEX, which is operated for NASA by the California Institute of Technology under NASA contract NAS5-98034. We further acknowledge financial support from NASA through the GALEX guest investigator program (projects GALEX-GI-44, cycle 1; GALEX-GI-67, cycle 3; and GALEX-GI-20, cycle 4). We are indebted to the GALEX Science Operations Center (SOC), and in particular to K. Forster, for making this ToO program possible. We thank D. Poznanski for comments on the manuscript, and the referee, V. Utrobin, for useful suggestions. We gratefully acknowledge the SUSPECT supernova spectra database maintained by the University of Oklahoma. A. G. acknowledges support by the Benoziyo Center for Astrophysics, a research grant from Peter and Patricia Gruber Awards, and the William Z. and Eda Bess Novick New Scientists Fund at the Weizmann Institute. A. V. F.'s group is partially funded by NSF grant AST 06-07485 and the TABASGO Foundation. S. B., E. C., and M. T. are supported by the Italian Ministry of Education via the PRIN 2006 n.2006022731 002. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 2 BP L117 EP L120 DI 10.1086/592744 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398PW UT WOS:000262745000005 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZW Bianco, FB Lehner, MJ Coehlo, NK Wang, JH Mondal, S Alcock, C Axelrod, T Byun, YI Chen, WP Cook, KH Dave, R de Pater, I Porrata, R Kim, DW King, SK Lee, T Lin, HC Lissauer, JJ Marshall, SL Protopapas, P Rice, JA Schwamb, ME Wang, SY Wen, CY AF Zhang, Z. -W. Bianco, F. B. Lehner, M. J. Coehlo, N. K. Wang, J. -H. Mondal, S. Alcock, C. Axelrod, T. Byun, Y. -I. Chen, W. P. Cook, K. H. Dave, R. de Pater, I. Porrata, R. Kim, D. -W. King, S. -K. Lee, T. Lin, H. -C. Lissauer, J. J. Marshall, S. L. Protopapas, P. Rice, J. A. Schwamb, M. E. Wang, S. -Y. Wen, C. -Y. TI FIRST RESULTS FROM THE TAIWANESE-AMERICAN OCCULTATION SURVEY (TAOS) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Kuiper Belt; occultations; solar system: formation ID KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; STELLAR OCCULTATIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MILLISECOND DIPS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; ACCRETION; BODIES; SEARCH; X-1 AB Results from the first 2 years of data from the Taiwanese-American Occultation Survey (TAOS) are presented. Stars have been monitored photometrically at 4 or 5 Hz to search for occultations by small (similar to 3 km) Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs). No statistically significant events were found, allowing us to present an upper bound to the size distribution of KBOs with diameters 0.5 km < D < 28 km. C1 [Zhang, Z. -W.; Wang, J. -H.; Mondal, S.; Chen, W. P.; Lin, H. -C.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Jhongli 320, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. [Bianco, F. B.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bianco, F. B.; Lehner, M. J.; Alcock, C.; Protopapas, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lehner, M. J.; Wang, J. -H.; King, S. -K.; Lee, T.; Wang, S. -Y.; Wen, C. -Y.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Coehlo, N. K.; Rice, J. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Axelrod, T.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Byun, Y. -I.; Kim, D. -W.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Astron, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Cook, K. H.; Marshall, S. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Dave, R.] Harvard Univ, Initiat Innovat Comp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [de Pater, I.; Porrata, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lissauer, J. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div 245 3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Marshall, S. L.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schwamb, M. E.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Zhang, ZW (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli 320, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. EM s1249001@cc.ncu.edu.tw RI Lee, Typhoon/N-8347-2013; OI Lehner, Matthew/0000-0003-4077-0985; Schwamb, Megan/0000-0003-4365-1455 FU NSC [96-2112-M008-024-MY3]; NSF [AST 05-01681, DMS-0405777]; NASA [NNG04G113G, NASA/PGG]; thematic research program [AS-88-TP-A02]; KRCF; US DOE [W-7405-Eng-48, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX Work at NCU was supported by the grant NSC 96-2112-M008-024-MY3. Work at the CfA was supported in part by the NSF under grant AST 05-01681 and by NASA under grant NNG04G113G. Work at ASIAA was supported in part by the thematic research program AS-88-TP-A02. Work at UCB was supported by the NSF under grant DMS-0405777. Work at Yonsei was supported by the KRCF grant to Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute. Work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the US DOE in part under contract W-7405-Eng-48 and contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Work at SLAC was performed under US DOE contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. Work at NASA Ames was funded by NASA/PG&G. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 2 BP L157 EP L160 DI 10.1086/592741 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398PW UT WOS:000262745000015 ER PT J AU Wilson, CD Petitpas, GR Iono, D Baker, AJ Peck, AB Krips, M Warren, B Golding, J Atkinson, A Armus, L Cox, TJ Ho, P Juvela, M Matsushita, S Mihos, JC Pihlstrom, Y Yun, MS AF Wilson, Christine D. Petitpas, Glen R. Iono, Daisuke Baker, Andrew J. Peck, Alison B. Krips, Melanie Warren, Bradley Golding, Jennifer Atkinson, Adam Armus, Lee Cox, T. J. Ho, Paul Juvela, Mika Matsushita, Satoki Mihos, J. Christopher Pihlstrom, Ylva Yun, Min S. TI LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES WITH THE SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY. I. SURVEY OVERVIEW AND THE CENTRAL GAS TO DUST RATIO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE galaxies: individual (Arp 55, Arp 193, Arp 299, IRAS 10565+2448, IRAS 17208-0014, Mrk 231, Mrk 273, NGC 1614, NGC 2623, NGC 5331, NGC 5257, NGC 5258, NGC 6240, UGC 5101, VV 114); infrared: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; DENSE MOLECULAR GAS; ULTRALUMINOUS IRAS GALAXIES; RESOLUTION CO OBSERVATIONS; STARBURST-AGN CONNECTION; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMATION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY AB We present new data obtained with the Submillimeter Array for a sample of 14 nearby luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies. The galaxies were selected to have distances D(L) < 200 Mpc and far-infrared luminosities log L(FIR) > 11.4. The galaxies were observed with spatial resolutions of order 1 kpc in the COJ = 3-2, COJ = 2-1, (13)COJ = 2-1, and HCO(+) J = 4-3 lines as well as the continuum at 880 mu m and 1.3 mm. We have combined our CO and continuum data to measure an average gas-to-dust mass ratio of 120 +/- 28 (rms deviation 109) in the central regions of these galaxies, very similar to the value of 150 determined for the Milky Way. This similarity is interesting given the more intense heating from the starburst and possibly accretion activity in the luminous infrared galaxies compared to the Milky Way. We find that the peak H(2) surface density correlates with the far-infrared luminosity, which suggests that galaxies with higher gas surface densities inside the central kiloparsec have a higher star formation rate. The lack of a significant correlation between total H(2) mass and far-infrared luminosity in our sample suggests that the increased star formation rate is due to the increased availability of molecular gas as fuel for star formation in the central regions. In contrast to previous analyses by other authors, we do not find a significant correlation between central gas surface density and the star formation efficiency, as traced by the ratio of far-infrared luminosity to nuclear gas mass. Our data show that it is the star formation rate, not the star formation efficiency, that increases with increasing central gas surface density in these galaxies. C1 [Wilson, Christine D.; Warren, Bradley; Golding, Jennifer; Atkinson, Adam] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Wilson, Christine D.; Petitpas, Glen R.; Iono, Daisuke; Peck, Alison B.; Krips, Melanie; Cox, T. J.; Ho, Paul] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Iono, Daisuke] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Baker, Andrew J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Peck, Alison B.] Joint ALMA Off, Santiago 7550108, Chile. [Armus, Lee] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ho, Paul; Matsushita, Satoki] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Juvela, Mika] Univ Helsinki Observ, Helsinki, Finland. [Mihos, J. Christopher] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Pihlstrom, Ylva] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Yun, Min S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Wilson, CD (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM wilson@physics.mcmaster.ca; gpetitpa@cfa.harvard.edu; d.iono@nao.ac.jp; ajbaker@physics.rutgers.edu; apeck@alma.cl; mkrips@cfa.harvard.edu; bwarren@physics.mcmaster.ca; goldingj@physics.mcmaster.ca; atkinsa@muss.cis.mcmaster.ca; lee@ipac.caltech.edu; tcox@cfa.harvard.edu; pho@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; mika.juvela@helsinki.fi; satoki@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; mihos@case.edu; ylva@unm.edu; myun@astro.umass.edu RI Juvela, Mika/H-6131-2011; OI Juvela, Mika/0000-0002-5809-4834; Mihos, Chris/0000-0002-7089-8616 NR 122 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 178 IS 2 BP 189 EP 224 DI 10.1086/590910 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 400IU UT WOS:000262862100002 ER PT J AU Covey, KR Agueros, MA Green, PJ Haggard, D Barkhouse, WA Drake, J Evans, N Kashyap, V Kim, DW Mossman, A Pease, DO Silverman, JD AF Covey, K. R. Agueeros, M. A. Green, P. J. Haggard, D. Barkhouse, W. A. Drake, J. Evans, N. Kashyap, V. Kim, D. -W. Mossman, A. Pease, D. O. Silverman, J. D. TI THE ChaMP EXTENDED STELLAR SURVEY (ChESS): PHOTOMETRIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF SERENDIPITOUSLY DETECTED STELLAR X-RAY SOURCES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE stars: activity; stars: chromospheres; stars: coronae; stars: flare; surveys; X-rays: stars ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; CHANDRA MULTIWAVELENGTH PROJECT; MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LATE-TYPE STARS; ROSAT ALL-SKY; BRIGHT SOURCE CATALOG; NEWTON SLEW SURVEY; FIELD-NORTH SURVEY; NEARBY M-DWARFS AB We present 348 X-ray-emitting stars identified from correlating the Extended Chandra Multiwavelength Project (ChaMP), a wide-area serendipitous survey based on archival X-ray images, with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We use morphological star/galaxy separation, matching to an SDSS quasar catalog, an optical color-magnitude cut, and X-ray data-quality tests to create our catalog, the ChaMP Extended Stellar Survey (ChESS), from a sample of 2121 matched ChaMP/SDSS sources. Our cuts retain 92% of the spectroscopically confirmed stars in the original sample while excluding 99.6% of the 684 spectroscopically confirmed extragalactic sources. Fewer than 3% of the sources in our final catalog are previously identified stellar X-ray emitters. For 42 catalog members, spectroscopic classifications are available in the literature. We present new spectral classifications and H alpha measurements for an additional 79 stars. The catalog is dominated by main-sequence stars; we estimate the fraction of giants in ChESS is similar to 10%. We identify seven giant stars (including a possible Cepheid and an RR Lyrae star) as ChaMP sources, as well as three cataclysmic variables. We derive distances from similar to 10 to 2000 pc for the stars in our catalog using photometric parallax relations appropriate for dwarfs on the main sequence and calculate their X-ray and bolometric luminosities. These stars lie in a unique space in the LX-distance plane, filling the gap between the nearby stars identified as counterparts to sources in the ROSAT All Sky Survey and the more distant stars detected in deep Chandra and XMM-Newton surveys. For 36 newly identified X-ray-emitting M stars we calculate L(H alpha)/L(bol). The quantities L(H alpha)/L(bol) and L(X)/L(bol) are linearly related below L(X)/L(bol) similar to 3 x 10(-4), while L(H alpha)/L(bol) appears to turn over at larger L(X)/L(bol) values. Stars with reliable SDSS photometry have an similar to 0.1 mag blue excess in u - g, likely due to increased chromospheric continuum emission. Photometric metallicity estimates suggest that the sample is evenly split between the young and old disk populations of the Galaxy; the lowest activity sources belong to the old disk population, a clear signature of the decay of magnetic activity with age. Future papers will present analyses of source variability and comparisons of this catalog to models of stellar activity in the Galactic disk. C1 [Covey, K. R.; Green, P. J.; Drake, J.; Evans, N.; Kashyap, V.; Kim, D. -W.; Mossman, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Agueeros, M. A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Haggard, D.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Barkhouse, W. A.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Pease, D. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Silverman, J. D.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-84571 Garching, Germany. RP Covey, KR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; OI Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 100 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 178 IS 2 BP 339 EP 358 DI 10.1086/590909 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 400IU UT WOS:000262862100008 ER PT J AU Zigler, KS Lessios, HA Raff, RA AF Zigler, Kirk S. Lessios, H. A. Raff, Rudolf A. TI Egg Energetics, Fertilization Kinetics, and Population Structure in Echinoids With Facultatively Feeding Larvae SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CLYPEASTER-ROSACEUS ECHINODERMATA; GAMETE COMPATIBILITY; EVOLUTIONARY LOSS; ORGANIC CONTENT; SAND DOLLAR; SEA-URCHINS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SIZE; PLANKTOTROPHY; BINDIN AB Larvae of marine invertebrates either arise from small eggs and feed during their development or arise from large eggs that proceed to metamorphosis sustained only from maternal provisioning. Only a few species are known to posses facultatively feeding larvae. Of about 250 echinoid species with known mode of development, only two, Brisaster latifrons and Clypeaster rosaceus, are known to develop through facultatively planktotrophic larvae. To obtain more information on this form of development and its consequences, we determined egg size and egg energetic and protein content of these two species. We found that eggs of B. latifrons resemble those of species with nonfeeding larvae in these characteristics more than those of C. rosaceus. We also compared DNA sequences of the cytochrome oxidase (COI) gene from the Caribbean C. rosaceus to those of the sympatric planktotrophic developer C. subdepressus and also to those of the eastern Pacific species C. europacificus to estimate the degree of divergence between species with different developmental modes. Comparison of COI sequences of C. rosaceus from Panama and Florida revealed that there is no geographic differentiation in this species. Cross-fertilization experiments between C. rosaceus and C. subdepressus indicated that bidirectional gametic incompatibility has evolved between the two species. C1 [Zigler, Kirk S.] Univ South, Dept Biol, Sewanee, TN 37383 USA. [Zigler, Kirk S.] Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Zigler, Kirk S.; Lessios, H. A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Raff, Rudolf A.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Raff, Rudolf A.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Zigler, KS (reprint author), Univ South, Dept Biol, Sewanee, TN 37383 USA. EM kzigler@sewanee.edu FU Friday Harbor Laboratories; Smithsonian Institution; National Science Foundation [0202773] FX We thank J. Allen, R. Collin, D. Duggins, M. Hart, A. Heyland, M. Jacobs, B. Miner, B. Pernet, and R. Strathmann for advice. C. Eaton (and the RN Kittiwake), B. Pernet, and A. Primus helped collect Brisaster latifrons. S. Barnes, D. Carlon, and T. McGovern helped collect Clypeaster rosaceus and C. subdepressus. A. and L. Calderon provided assistance in the laboratory. Comments from two anonymous reviewers and R. A. Cameron significantly improved the manuscript. The project was supported by fellowships from the Friday Harbor Laboratories, the Smithsonian Institution, and the National Science Foundation (grant #0202773). NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 215 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 PG 9 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 360HY UT WOS:000260049800009 PM 18840780 ER PT J AU Benjamin, SP Dimitrov, D Gillespie, RG Hormiga, G AF Benjamin, Suresh P. Dimitrov, Dimitar Gillespie, Rosemary G. Hormiga, Gustavo TI Family ties: molecular phylogeny of crab spiders (Araneae : Thomisidae) SO CLADISTICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MISUMENA-VATIA; CHEMICAL ATTRACTION; EVOLUTION; TREE; SUPPORT; PARSIMONY; DECISIONS; BOOTSTRAP; POSITION AB The first quantitative phylogenetic analysis of three sequenced genes (16S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, histone 3) of 25 genera of crab spiders and 11 outgroups supports the monophyly of Thomisidae. Four lineages within Thomisidae are recovered. They are informally named here as the Borboropactus clade, Epidius clade, Stephanopis clade and the Thomisus clade, pending detailed morphology based cladistic work. The Thomisus clade is recovered as a strongly supported monophyletic group with a minimal genetic divergence. Philodromidae previously widely considered a subfamily of Thomisidae do not group within thomisids and is excluded from Thomisidae. However, Aphantochilinae previously generally considered as a separate family falls within the Thomisus clade and is included in Thomisidae. The recently proposed new family Borboropactidae is rejected, as it is paraphyletic. (C) The Willi Hennig Society 2008. C1 [Benjamin, Suresh P.; Dimitrov, Dimitar; Hormiga, Gustavo] George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Benjamin, Suresh P.; Gillespie, Rosemary G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Insect Biol Div ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Benjamin, SP (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, NHB 105,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM suresh.benjamin@gmail.com RI Dimitrov, Dimitar/A-9563-2009; Hormiga, Gustavo/C-3874-2009 OI Dimitrov, Dimitar/0000-0001-5830-5702; FU US National Science Foundation [DEB-0328644, EAR-0228699]; George Washington University; Schlinger Foundation, the University of California, Berkeley FX Thanks to the following individuals for spider specimens: Fernando Alvarez, Cristian Grismado, Charles Griswold, Charles Haddad, Stephen Lew, Lara Lopardo, Martin Ramirez and Peter Schwendinger. Jonathan Coddington improved earlier drafts of this manuscript. We thank Fernando Alvarez for analytical support and Charles Griswold and Pekka Lethinen for discussion. A. H. Sumanasena ( Department of Wild Life Conservation, Colombo) provided a research permit to collect in Sri Lanka. Funding for this research has been provided by grants from the US National Science Foundation (DEB-0328644 to G. Hormiga and G. Giribet and EAR-0228699 to W. Wheeler, J. Coddington, G. Hormiga, L. Prendini and P. Sierwald) and by a REF grant from The George Washington University to GH. Additional funding to SPB came from the Schlinger Foundation, the University of California, Berkeley and a Smithsonian Institution postdoctoral fellowship. NR 74 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0748-3007 EI 1096-0031 J9 CLADISTICS JI Cladistics PD OCT PY 2008 VL 24 IS 5 BP 708 EP 722 DI 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00202.x PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 354AL UT WOS:000259611200004 ER PT J AU Philpott, SM Arendt, WJ Armbrecht, I Bichier, P Diestch, TV Gordon, C Greenberg, R Perfecto, I Reynoso-Santos, R Soto-Pinto, L Tejeda-Cruz, C Williams-Linera, G Valenzuela, J Zolotoff, JM AF Philpott, Stacy M. Arendt, Wayne J. Armbrecht, Inge Bichier, Peter Diestch, Thomas V. Gordon, Caleb Greenberg, Russell Perfecto, Ivette Reynoso-Santos, Roberto Soto-Pinto, Lorena Tejeda-Cruz, Cesar Williams-Linera, Guadalupe Valenzuela, Jorge Zolotoff, Jost Manuel TI Biodiversity Loss in Latin American Coffee Landscapes: Review of the Evidence on Ants, Birds, and Trees SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE agroecosystem; biodiversity; coffee production systems; meta-analysis; shade-grown coffee; site characteristic; sun-grown coffee ID FILE-DRAWER PROBLEM; TRAP-NESTING BEES; SHADE COFFEE; SPECIES RICHNESS; NATURAL ENEMIES; SOUTHERN MEXICO; CONSERVATION; PLANTATIONS; CHIAPAS; FOREST AB Studies have documented biodiversity losses due to intensification of coffee management (reduction in canopy richness and complexity). Nevertheless, questions remain regarding relative sensitivity of different taxa, habitat specialists, and functional groups, and whether implications for biodiversity conservation vary across regions. We quantitatively reviewed data from ant, bird and tree biodiverstiy studies in coffee agroecosystes to address the following questions: Does species richness in coffee-management individual vegetation characteristics? Are there significant losses of species richness in coffee-management and Are ants or birds more strongly affected by intensification? Across studies, ant and bird richness declined with management intensification and with changes in vegetation. Species richness of all ants and birds and of forest ant and bird species was lower in most coffee agroecosystems than in forests, but rustic coffee (grown under native forest canopies) had equal or greater ant and bird richness than nearby forests. Sun coffee (grown without canopy trees) sustained the highest species losses, and species loss of forest ant, bird, and tree species increased with management intensify. Losses of ant and bird species were similar, although losses of forest ants were more drastic in rustic coffee. Richness of migratory birds and of birds that forage across vegetation strata was less affected by intensification than richness of resident, canopy, and understory bird species. Rustic farms protected more species than other coffee systems, and loss of species depended greatly on habitat specialization and functional trails. We recommend that forest be protected, rustic coffee be promoted, and intensive coffee farms be restored by augmenting native tree density and richness and allowing growth of epiphytes. We also recommend that future research focus on potential trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and farmer livelihoods stemming from coffee production. C1 [Philpott, Stacy M.; Bichier, Peter; Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Arendt, Wayne J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00773 USA. [Armbrecht, Inge] Univ Valle, Dept Biol, Cali 25360, Colombia. [Diestch, Thomas V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gordon, Caleb] Lake Forest Coll, Dept Biol, Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA. [Perfecto, Ivette] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Reynoso-Santos, Roberto] Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias Pacif, Ocozocoautla 29140, Chiapas, Mexico. [Soto-Pinto, Lorena] Colegio Frontera Sur, San Cristobal de las Casa 29200, Chiapas, Mexico. [Tejeda-Cruz, Cesar; Williams-Linera, Guadalupe] Inst Ecol, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico. [Zolotoff, Jost Manuel] Fdn Cocibolca, Managua, Nicaragua. RP Philpott, SM (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM stacy.philpott@utoledo.edu RI Philpott, Stacy/F-2330-2011; Trejo, Yesenia/D-9257-2012; Williams-Linera, Guadalupe/C-1242-2014 OI Williams-Linera, Guadalupe/0000-0001-6341-6570 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; National Science Foundation [DEB-0553768]; [SEMARNAT-202-CO1-00194] FX We thank all researchers who contributed data and the reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. R. Chazdon and D. Griffith gave critical support and encouragement for the paper. This work was conducted as a part of the Biodiversity and Conservation Value of Agricultural Landscapes of Mesoamerica Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by National Science Foundation (grant #DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. C. Gordon, C. Tejeda, J. Valenzuela, and G. Williams-Linera acknowledge support of SEMARNAT-202-CO1-00194 and J.V. thanks L. Quiroz for ant identification assistance. NR 48 TC 130 Z9 139 U1 12 U2 125 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1093 EP 1105 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01029.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 363FA UT WOS:000260252000005 PM 18759777 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF Laurance, SG Hilbert, DW AF Laurance, William F. Laurance, Susan G. Hilbert, David W. TI Long-Term Dynamics of a Fragmented Rainforest Mammal Assemblage SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Australia; cyclones; forest fragmentation; long-term research; mammal assemblages; marsupials; matrix vegetation; Queensland; tropical rainforests ID 5 ARBOREAL MARSUPIALS; NORTH QUEENSLAND; TROPICAL FORESTS; FOLIVOROUS MARSUPIALS; WILDLIFE CORRIDORS; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; SPECIES RICHNESS; PROTECTED AREAS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WET TROPICS AB Habitat fragmentation is a severe threat to tropical biotas, but its long-term effects are poorly understood. We evaluated longer-term changes in the abundance of larger (> 1 kg) mammals in fragmented and intact rainforest and in riparian "corridors" in tropical Queensland, with data from 190 spotlighting surveys conducted in 1986-1987 and 2000-2007. In 1986-1987 when most fragments were already 20-50 years old, mammal assemblages differed markedly between fragmented and intact forest. Most vulnerable were lemuroid ringtail possums (Hemibelideus lemuroides), followed by Lumboltz's tree-kangaroos (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) and Herbert River ringtail possums (Pseudocheirus herbertensis). Further changes were evident 20 years later. Mammal species richness feel significantly in fragments, and the abundances of 4 species, coppery brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula johnstoni), green ringtail possums (Pseudochirops archeri) red-legged pademelons (Thylogale stigmatica), and tree-kangaroos, declined significantly. The most surprising finding was that the lemuroid ringtail, a strict rainforest specialist, apparently recolonized one fragment, despite a 99.98% decrease in abundance in fragments and corridors. A combination of factors, including long-term fragmentation effects, shifts in the surrounding matrix vegetation, and recurring cyclone disturbance, appear to underlie these dynamic changes in mammal assemblages. C1 [Laurance, William F.; Laurance, Susan G.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Hilbert, David W.] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Trop Forest Res Ctr, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Hilbert, David/A-3796-2008; Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Laurance, Susan/G-6021-2011 OI Laurance, Susan/0000-0002-2831-2933 FU National Geographic Society; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Wet Tropics Management Authority; Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Water; CSIRO Tropical Forest Research Centre FX G. Ferraz, M. Goosem, J. Kanowski, C. Sekercioglu, N. Sodhi, K. Vernes, and an anonymous referee commented on the manuscript. We thank the National Geographic Society and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for financial support; the Wet Tropics Management Authority and Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Water for access to aerial imagery; and CSIRO Tropical Forest Research Centre and N. Tucker, T. Tucker, R. Ewers, J. Kanowski, S. Goosem, B. Petit, and M. Stott for logistical support. NR 55 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 48 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1154 EP 1164 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00981.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 363FA UT WOS:000260252000011 PM 18637907 ER PT J AU Betts, MG Rodenhouse, NL Sillett, TS Doran, PJ Holmes, RT AF Betts, Matthew G. Rodenhouse, Nicholas L. Sillett, T. Scott Doran, Patrick J. Holmes, Richard T. TI Dynamic occupancy models reveal within-breeding season movement up a habitat quality gradient by a migratory songbird SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BIRD POPULATION; FOREST BIRDS; SELECTION; INFORMATION; DENSITY; TERRITORIES; PERSPECTIVE; MECHANISMS AB The timing of settlement decisions likely influences the quality of breeding site choices. This is particularly the case in migratory birds, because the conditions that enhance breeding success are often not apparent upon arrival after migration. A strategy that addresses this problem is to adjust settlement decisions when reliable information becomes available. We used a new indirect method - dynamic site occupancy modeling - to estimate apparent movement of black-throated blue warblers Dendroica caerulescens among sites within a breeding season. Because individuals should disperse to sites that maximize their fitness, we hypothesized that warblers would move up a habitat quality gradient when opportunities arose. For our study species, that would involve moving into sites with greater shrub density and at higher elevation within northern hardwoods forest, as these two features are positively correlated with reproduction and apparent survival in this species. Although the probability of site occupancy in our study landscape remained consistent throughout the breeding season (range: 0.66-0.69), occupancy models revealed substantial support for apparent movement of individuals within the breeding season. The mean probability of emigration from a point count site was 0.21 (+/- 0.03 SE), and the mean probability of immigration to a site not previously occupied was 0.51 (+/- 0.05 SE). The spatial distribution of this movement was a function of habitat quality. A portion of the black-throated blue warbler population appears to arrive on the breeding grounds and settle initially in sub-optimal habitat, moving subsequently into high quality densely shrubbed habitat at higher elevations. This modeling approach provides a new means to test hypotheses about habitat selection and movement by using presence-non-detection data. C1 [Betts, Matthew G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rodenhouse, Nicholas L.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. [Sillett, T. Scott] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Doran, Patrick J.] Michigan Field Off, Nat Conservancy, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. [Holmes, Richard T.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Betts, MG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 312 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM matthew.betts@oregonstate.edu FU Oregon State Univ. and Wellesley College; Northern Research Station, Forest Service, US Dept of Agriculture, Newtown Square, PA; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We are grateful to M. Cannon, A. S. Hadley, D. I. MacKenzie, J. J. Nocera, P. Osborne and four anonymous reviewers for insightful comments on the manuscript. Thanks are also due to field assistants: B. Griffith, M. Smith, T. Weidman, and E. Whidden and to the staff of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Financial support was provided by the US National Science Foundation LTER program, Oregon State Univ. and Wellesley College. The research was conducted under the auspices of the Northern Research Station, Forest Service, US Dept of Agriculture, Newtown Square, PA, and is a contribution of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. M. G. Betts was partly supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 53 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-7590 EI 1600-0587 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD OCT PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 592 EP 600 DI 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05490.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 356ZA UT WOS:000259814900006 ER PT J AU Campos-Arceiz, A Larrinaga, AR Weerasinghe, UR Takatsuki, S Pastorini, J Leimgruber, P Fernando, P Santamaria, L AF Campos-Arceiz, Ahimsa Larrinaga, Asier R. Weerasinghe, Udayani R. Takatsuki, Seiki Pastorini, Jennifer Leimgruber, Peter Fernando, Prithiviraj Santamaria, Luis TI BEHAVIOR RATHER THAN DIET MEDIATES SEASONAL DIFFERENCES IN SEED DISPERSAL BY ASIAN ELEPHANTS SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asian elephant; dispersal distance; Elephas maximus; mechanistic model; Myanmar; seasonal differences; seed dispersal curves; seed shadow; Sri Lanka ID BODY-SIZE; PATTERNS; FOREST; DISTANCE; GERMINATION; SHADOWS; MONKEYS; RECRUITMENT; EVOLUTION; UNGULATE AB Digestive physiology and movement patterns of animal dispersers determine deposition patterns for endozoochorously dispersed seeds. We combined data from feeding trials, germination tests, and GPS telemetry of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) to (1) describe the spatial scale at which Asian elephants disperse seeds; (2) assess whether seasonal differences in diet composition and ranging behavior translate into differences in seed shadows; and (3) evaluate whether scale and seasonal patterns vary between two ecologically distinct areas: Sri Lanka's dry monsoon forests and Myanmar's (Burma) mixed-deciduous forests. The combination of seed retention times (mean 39.5 h, maximum 114 h) and elephant displacement rates (average 1988 m in 116 hours) resulted in 50% of seeds dispersed over 1.2 km (mean 1222-2105 m, maximum 5772 m). Shifts in diet composition did not affect gut retention time and germination of ingested seeds. Elephant displacements were slightly longer, with stronger seasonal variation in Myanmar. As a consequence, seed dispersal curves varied seasonally with longer distances during the dry season in Myanmar but not in Sri Lanka. Seasonal and geographic variation in seed dispersal curves was the result of variation in elephant movement patterns, rather than the effect of diet changes on the fate of ingested seeds. C1 [Campos-Arceiz, Ahimsa] Univ Tokyo, Lab Biodivers Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Larrinaga, Asier R.; Santamaria, Luis] CSIC UIB, IMEDA, E-07190 Mallorca, Balearic Isl, Spain. [Weerasinghe, Udayani R.; Takatsuki, Seiki] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Pastorini, Jennifer; Fernando, Prithiviraj] Ctr Conservat & Res, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka. [Pastorini, Jennifer] Univ Zurich, Inst Anthropol, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Leimgruber, Peter] Conservat Ecol Ctr, Smithsonian Inst Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Campos-Arceiz, A (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Lab Biodivers Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Yayoi 1-1-1, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. EM ahimsa@camposarceiz.com RI Pastorini, Jennifer/A-9959-2012; Fernando, Prithiviraj/I-8238-2012; Larrinaga, Asier/B-3826-2013; Santamaria, Luis/C-1438-2012; Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Pastorini, Jennifer/0000-0001-5883-0208; Fernando, Prithiviraj/0000-0001-6968-4189; Larrinaga, Asier/0000-0001-6813-8784; Santamaria, Luis/0000-0002-5072-2912; Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 FU Japan Society for Promotion of Science [200611492-2437]; Canon Foundation in Europe FX The Ueno Zoo ( Tokyo), and in particular the team of elephant keepers, allowed us to conduct the feeding trials and provided technical support. Thanks are due to N. Irie-Sugimoto, S. K. K. Ekanayaka, Y. Tsuji, T. Uesugi, and many volunteers from the Tokyo, Nihon, and Azabu Universities, the College of the Sacred Heart, and the International Adventure Club of Tokyo. Y. Komeda granted us permission to run the germination trials at the greenhouse of the Laboratory of Botany, University of Tokyo. N. Yamaguchi advised on statistical analyses in R. We also thank S. Kitamura for providing useful references and Andrew J. Dennis and an anonymous reviewer for their comments. A. Campos-Arceiz was funded by predoctoral fellowship no. 200611492-2437 of the Japan Society for Promotion of Science, and L. Santamaria by a fellowship from the Canon Foundation in Europe. NR 46 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2008 VL 89 IS 10 BP 2684 EP 2691 DI 10.1890/07-1573.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 359NW UT WOS:000259995100003 PM 18959306 ER PT J AU Kaspari, M Yanoviak, SP AF Kaspari, M. Yanoviak, S. P. TI Biogeography of litter depth in tropical forests: evaluating the phosphorus growth rate hypothesis SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth rate hypothesis; K; litter depth; Mg, N, P, Panama; Peru; resource gradients; soils; tropical forest; tropics ID NUTRIENT LIMITATION; AMAZONIAN FORESTS; RAIN-FOREST; DECOMPOSITION; DYNAMICS; SOIL; PINE; STOICHIOMETRY; AVAILABILITY; BIODIVERSITY AB 1. The leaf litter of tropical forests serves as a carbon sink, slows soil erosion and leaching, and is home to a large fraction of the forest's biodiversity. Standing leaf litter reflects the balance of litterfall and decomposition; both rates may be limited by element availability. We propose a mechanism for this regulation that assumes phosphorus limits metabolism in tropical soils, and that phosphorus limitation is more pronounced in faster growing organisms. 2. Leaf litter depth varied 16-fold (1.4-22.4 cm) across 28 forest stands in Panama and Peru and was deeper on sand vs. clay soils. Of five elements tested (N, P, K, Mg and Ca), the concentration of P in decomposing litter best predicted litter depth (r(2) = 0.76, C : P-1.90). This relationship broke down in the most impoverished sandy soils. 3. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the weathering of tropical soils limits the metabolism of microbes first and trees second, with decomposition and litterfall co-limiting litter depth in ecosystems with the least available phosphorus. This has implications for the dynamics of weathering: nutrient leaching may be regulated through negative feedback if deeper litter buffers soil from rainfall. C1 [Kaspari, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Program, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kaspari, M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Yanoviak, S. P.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Yanoviak, S. P.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RP Kaspari, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Program, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM mkaspari@ou.edu OI Kaspari, Michael/0000-0002-9717-5768 FU National Science Foundation [0212386] FX This project was funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0212386 to M. K. Special thanks to S Bagwell, and J Morrison for assistance in the laboratory, to Y. Milton, W. Sanchez, E. Requena, and C. Valderrama for assistance in the field, and to the numerous private landowners who provided access to forest stands in Peru. Discussions with Brad Stevenson, Sarah Hobbie, Jennifer Powers and Peter Tiffin provided many insights and greatly increased the clarity of our thinking. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the Panamanian Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM), and the Peruvian Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales (INRENA) provided permits. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-8463 EI 1365-2435 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 919 EP 923 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01447.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 350HK UT WOS:000259343100021 ER PT J AU Capper, A Paul, VJ AF Capper, A. Paul, V. J. TI Grazer interactions with four species of Lyngbya in southeast Florida SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE cyanobacteria; secondary metabolites; toxins; nutrients; top-down control; feeding preference; host switching ID HARE STYLOCHEILUS-LONGICAUDA; FEEDING PREFERENCE EXPERIMENTS; ALGAL SECONDARY METABOLITES; SEA HARE; MARINE CYANOBACTERIUM; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; OPISTHOBRANCH MOLLUSK; BURSATELLA-LEACHII; GAIMARD 1824; MAJUSCULA AB Blooms of the toxic cyanobacteria Lyngbya spp. have been increasing in frequency and severity in southeast Florida in recent years. Lyngbya produces many active secondary metabolites which often act as feeding deterrents to generalist herbivores, possibly increasing the longevity of these nuisance blooms. Whilst diverse arrays of small invertebrate consumers are often found in association with Lyngbya, little is known of their grazing selectivity among species of Lyngbya. This study examines the feeding preference of grazers for four local Lyngbya species (Lyngbya majuscula, Lyngbya confervoides, Lyngbya polychroa and Lyngbya spp.). Stylocheilus striatus and Haminoea antillarum showed no dietary selectivity between L polychroa, L. majuscula and Lyngbya spp. in multiple choice feeding assays, whereas Bulla striata showed a distinct preference for L polychroa (P < 0.001). To determine whether preference might be related to species-specific secondary metabolites, L. majuscula, L confervoides and L. polychroa non-polar and polar extracts were incorporated into artificial diets and offered to a range of mesograzers. No significant difference was noted in feeding stimulation or deterrence amongst extracts and the controls for any of the grazers. When fed a monospecific diet of L. polychroa, S. striatus consumed more (P < 0.001) and attained a higher daily biomass (P = 0.004) than S. striatus fed L confervoides. As L. polychroa and L. confervoides often co-exist on local coral reefs and yield dense numbers of S. striatus, host switching to a more palatable species of Lyngbya may have important implications regarding top-down control of local blooms leading to proliferation of one species and decimation of another. S. striatus fed a diet of L polychroa consumed more (P = 0.003), had a greater increase in body mass (P = 0.020) and higher conversion efficiency (P = 0.005) than those fed L. confervoides regardless of host origin. Possible explanations for host switching between species of Lyngbya related to morphology, toxicity and nutrient requirements for growth are discussed. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Capper, A.; Paul, V. J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Capper, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL USA. EM angelacapper@marinetoxins.com RI Capper, Angela/B-4403-2012; OI Capper, Angela/0000-0002-4922-0253 FU US Dept. of Commerce (DoC, NOAA, ECOHAB program) [NA05 NOS 4781194] FX This research was funded by a Smithsonian Marine Station Fellowship to A.C. and Grant Number NA05 NOS 4781194 from the US Dept. of Commerce (DoC, NOAA, ECOHAB program), through UNC-CH. The findings, opinions and recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the DoC. We thank Mark Clementz for C:N analysis. We thank Cliff Ross and Sherry Reed at the Smithsonian Marine Station for their assistance with Lyngbya collections. We thank Dennis Hanisak at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute for supply of Gracilaria tikvahaei; Paula Mikkelsen at Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, for identification of cephalaspidean species used in feeding assay. This is contribution 702 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce.[SS] NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD OCT PY 2008 VL 7 IS 6 BP 717 EP 728 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.02.004 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 352RO UT WOS:000259515300002 ER PT J AU Sax, M Walsh, JM Freestone, IC Rankin, AH Meeks, ND AF Sax, Margaret Walsh, Jane M. Freestone, Ian C. Rankin, Andrew H. Meeks, Nigel D. TI The origins of two purportedly pre-Columbian Mexican crystal skulls SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE optical microscopy; scanning electron microscopy; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; lapidary technology; tool mark; provenance; fluid inclusion; solid inclusion; quartz; crystal skull; Mexico; pre-Columbian period; authenticity AB The well-known life-size rock crystal skull in the British Museum was purchased in 1897 as an example of genuine pre-Columbian workmanship, but its authenticity has been the subject of increasing speculation since the 1930s. This paper is concerned with the history, technology and material of the skull and another larger white quartz skull, donated recently to the Smithsonian Institution. Manufacturing techniques were investigated, using scanning electron microscopy to examine tool marks on the artefacts, and compared with Mesoamerican material from secure contexts. A Mixtec rock crystal goblet and a group of Aztec/Mixtec rock crystal beads show no evidence of lapidary wheels. They were probably worked with stone and wood tools charged with abrasives, some of which may have been as hard as corundum. Textual evidence for Mexican lapidary techniques during the early colonial period, supported by limited archaeological evidence, also indicates a technology without the wheel, probably based on natural tool materials. In contrast, the two skulls under consideration were carved with rotary wheels. The British Museum skull was worked with hard abrasives such as corundum or diamond, whereas X-ray diffraction revealed traces of carborundum (SiC), a hard modern synthetic abrasive, on the Smithsonian skull. Investigation of fluid and solid inclusions in the quartz of the British Museum skull, using microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, shows that the material formed in a mesothermal metamorphic environment equivalent to greenschist facies. This suggests that the quartz was obtained from Brazil or Madagascar, areas far outside pre-Columbian trade networks. Recent archival research revealed that the British Museum skull was rejected as a modern artefact by the Museo Nacional de Mexico in 1885, when offered for sale by the collector and dealer, Eugene Boban. These findings led to the conclusion that the British Museum skull was worked in Europe during the nineteenth century. The Smithsonian Institution skull was probably manufactured shortly before it was bought in Mexico City in 1960; large blocks of white quartz would have been available from deposits in Mexico and the USA. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sax, Margaret; Meeks, Nigel D.] British Museum, Dept Conservat & Sci Res, London WC1B 3DG, England. [Walsh, Jane M.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Freestone, Ian C.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Hist & Archaeol, Cardiff CF10 3EU, S Glam, Wales. [Rankin, Andrew H.] Kingston Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Geog, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, Surrey, England. RP Sax, M (reprint author), British Museum, Dept Conservat & Sci Res, London WC1B 3DG, England. EM msax@thebritishmuseum.ac.uk NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2751 EP 2760 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2008.05.007 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 349FF UT WOS:000259266000008 ER PT J AU Hershler, R Liu, HP AF Hershler, Robert Liu, Hsiu-Ping TI Phylogenetic relationships of assimineid gastropods of the Death Valley-lower Colorado River region: relicts of a late Neogene marine incursion? SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE amphibious snails; Assimineidae; Bouse Embayment hypothesis; Colorado River; Death Valley; Gastropoda; historical biogeography; marine incursion; mtDNA; North America ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; BOUSE FORMATION; CALIFORNIA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; ARIZONA; PLATEAU; HISTORY; UPLIFT AB Aim A small fauna of amphibious snails (genus Assiminea Fleming, 1828) living in association with highly mineralized springs in the Death Valley-lower Colorado River region (DVLCR) is thought to be a relict of the Bouse Embayment, a putative late Miocene-early Pliocene transgression of the ancestral Gulf of California along the lower Colorado River valley. We analysed the phylogenetic relationships of this fauna using mtDNA sequence data (1171 bp) to determine whether, as would be consistent with this hypothesis, it forms a substantially divergent unit sister to marine coastal congeners. Location South-western Great Basin and lower Colorado River region, USA. Methods Two genes [mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene] were sequenced for 10 populations of DVLCR assimineas (Assiminea infima Berry, 1947; Assiminea sp.). We also sequenced an undescribed population from a spring in the Colorado River delta; western North American Pacific Coastal Assiminea californica (Tryon, 1865); the three other congeners that live on the continent; and three Old World assimineids (outgroups). Phylogenies based on the combined data set were obtained using Bayesian methods, and divergence times were estimated using a COI molecular clock for related gastropods. Results Composite haplotypes of the DVLCR assimineas, together with that observed in the Colorado River delta population, formed a weakly supported clade that was sister to a clade composed of populations of North American Pacific and Atlantic coastal species. The genetic distance between members of these two clades was 3.46 +/- 0.47% for COI and 1.69 +/- 0.38% for 16S. The former clade was composed of five subunits that differed from each other by 1.29-2.84% (COI) and 0.52-1.98% (16S) sequence divergence. Main conclusions Application of the COI clock suggests that progenitors of the DVLCR fauna diverged from coastal ancestors 2.13-1.89 Ma (late Pliocene), several million years after the Bouse Embayment would have been terminated by the establishment of the lower (freshwater) Colorado River. This finding, together with shallow genetic structuring of several DVLCR lineages that are widely distributed across the topographically complex regional landscape, suggests that the Assiminea fauna of this inland area was more likely to have been founded by coastal colonists transported on water birds than through a direct connection with the sea. C1 [Hershler, Robert] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Liu, Hsiu-Ping] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Hershler, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, POB 37012,NHB W-305,MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hershlerr@si.edu FU Death Valley Natural Association FX We thank the following individuals for collection of specimens and/or assistance in the field: David Franz, James J. Landye, James McLean, Linda Manning, Don W. Sada and Tim Worsfold. We also thank the National Park Service (Death Valley National Park) and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge) for providing collecting permits. Tom Quinn (University of Denver) and Sara Oyler-McCance (US Geological Survey) generously shared bench space and equipment in the Rocky Mountain Center for Conservation Genetics and Systematics. Rick Forester, Kyle House, George Jefferson and Storrs Olson provided useful input relevant to some of the ideas expressed in this manuscript. The manuscript also benefited from comments provided by two reviewers (K. House, H. Fukuda). This project was funded, in part, by an award from the Death Valley Natural Association, which was obtained through the support of Linda Greene, Division Chief, Resources Management Division, Death Valley National Park. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1816 EP 1825 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01947.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 348UZ UT WOS:000259236900007 ER PT J AU Agnarsson, I Boutry, C Blackledge, TA AF Agnarsson, Ingi Boutry, Cecilia Blackledge, Todd A. TI Spider silk aging: Initial improvement in a high performance material followed by slow degradation SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CAPTURE-SILK; FLAGELLIFORM SILK; FIBERS SPUN; DESIGN; BIOMATERIAL; DIFFRACTION; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR; THREADS AB Spider silk possesses a unique combination of high tensile strength and elasticity resulting in extraordinarily tough fibers, compared with the best synthetic materials. However, the potential application of spider silk and biomimetic fibers depends upon retention of their high performance under a variety of conditions. Here, we report on changes in the mechanical properties of dragline and capture silk fibers from several spider species over periods tip to 4 years of benign aging. We find an improvement in mechanical performance of silk fibers during the first year of aging. Fibers rapidly decrease in diameter, suggesting an increase in structural alignment and organization of molecules. One-year old silk also is stiffer and has higher stress at yield than fresh silk, whereas breaking force, elasticity, and toughness either improve or are unaffected by early aging. However, 4-year old silk shows signs of degradation as the breaking load, elasticity, and toughness are all lower than in fresh silk. Aging, however, does not reduce the tensile strength of silk. These data suggest initially rapid reorganization and tighter packaging of molecules within the fiber, followed by longer-term decomposition. We hypothesize that possibly the breakdown of amino acids via emission of ammonia gas, as is seen in long-term aging of museum silkworm fabrics, may contribute. Degradation of spider silk under benign conditions may be a concern for efforts to construct and utilize biomimetic silk analogs. However, our findings suggest an initial improvement in mechanical performance and that even old spider silk still retains impressive mechanical performance. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:494-504, 2008. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Agnarsson, Ingi; Boutry, Cecilia; Blackledge, Todd A.] Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi; Boutry, Cecilia; Blackledge, Todd A.] Univ Akron, Integrated Biolsci Program, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Agnarsson, I (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM iagnarsson@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0516038, DBI-0521261]; Integrated Bioscience Program at University of Akron FX This research was funded by DEB-0516038 and DBI-0521261 from the National Science Foundation and by the Integrated Bioscience Program at University of Akron. Taylor Gondek assisted with silk diameter measurements. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1932-5223 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 309A IS 8 BP 494 EP 504 DI 10.1002/jez.480 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 355PB UT WOS:000259719700007 PM 18626974 ER PT J AU Tryon, CA Roach, NT Logan, MAV AF Tryon, Christian A. Roach, Neil T. Logan, M. Amelia V. TI The Middle Stone Age of the northern Kenyan Rift: age and context of new archaeological sites from the Kapedo Tuffs SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Tephrostratigraphy; Silali; Lithic technology; Regional variation; Middle-Late Pleistocene ID MODERN HUMAN ORIGINS; KAPTHURIN FORMATION; SILALI VOLCANO; MODERN HUMANS; SOUTH-AFRICA; LITHIC TECHNOLOGY; HUMAN-EVOLUTION; GREGORY-RIFT; HOMO-SAPIENS; EAST-AFRICA AB Rift Valley sites in southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya preserve the oldest fossil remains attributed to Homo sapiens and the earliest archaeological sites attributed to the Middle Stone Age (MSA). New localities from the Kapedo Tuffs augment the sparse sample of MSA sites from the northern Kenya Rift. Tephrostratigraphic correlation with dated pyroclastic deposits from the adjacent volcano Silali Suggests an age range of 135-123 ka for archaeological sites of the Kapedo Tuffs. Comparisons of the Kapedo Tuffs archaeological assemblages with those from the adjacent Turkana and Baringo basins show broad lithic technological similarity but reveal that stone raw material availability is a key factor in explaining typologically defined archaeological variability within this region. Spatially and temporally resolved comparisons such as this provide the best means to link the biological and behavioral variation manifest in the record of early Homo sapiens. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tryon, Christian A.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Human Origins Program, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Logan, M. Amelia V.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Roach, Neil T.] Harvard Univ, Dept Anthropol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tryon, CA (reprint author), NYU, Dept Anthropol, 25 Waverly Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM tryonc@si.edu; ntroach@fas.harvard.edu; logana@si.edu RI Tryon, Christian/B-1172-2010; OI Tryon, Christian/0000-0002-2354-3273 FU Tryon by the National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration [7994-06]; American School for Prehistoric Research; Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Kenya [MOEST/13/001/30C229] FX Any successful field research project is the outcome of the help of numerous individuals and institutions. Financial support was provided by a grant (7994-06) issued to Tryon by the National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration. Roach's fieldwork was supported by funds from the American School for Prehistoric Research. Material and personal support were provided by Rhonda Quinn, Sally McBrearty, Paul Line of the British Institute in East Africa, the Archaeology Department of the National Museums of Kenya, and especially Rick Potts and Rhonda Kauffman. The field crew included Matthew Eregae Macharawas, who deserves special mention for making fieldwork both possible and enjoyable, as well as Simon Katisya, Bernard 'Kanyenze' Ngeneo, Julius Martini, Joseph Chege, Joseph Katewon, Alfred Losekon, Esekon Lowoi, Joseph Lokwuini, and Simon Esinyen. Al Deino kindly provided offcuts of his dated samples; Tim Gooding prepared the thin sections of all tephra samples, Ed Vicenzi facilitated microprobe use, John Shea provided unpublished data from the Omo Kibish, and Matt Tocheri Provided considerable assistance and discussions concerning statistics. This manuscript benefited from discussions and thoughtful and constructive reviews from Al Deino, John Shea, Rick Potts, Christopher Lepre, Tyler Faith, Alison Brooks, Susan Anton, and two anonymous reviewers. All research was conducted Under Research Permit MOEST/13/001/30C229 issued to Tryon by the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Kenya, and an Exploration and all Excavation License issued by the Office of the Vice President, Ministry of State for National Heritage, Republic of Kenya. NR 155 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 652 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.03.008 PG 13 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 364VO UT WOS:000260363700010 PM 18672269 ER PT J AU Hublin, JJ Paabo, S Derevianko, AP Doronichev, VB Golovanova, LV Friess, M Froment, A Hoffmann, A Kachache, NEJ Kullmer, O Lordkipanidze, D Moncel, MH Potts, R Radovcic, J Rak, YZ Richards, M Mendez, JR Rosas, A Schmauder, M Schmitz, RW Semal, P Smith, T Tafuri, MA Tattersall, I Tournepiche, JF Toussaint, M Vassiliev, S Vialet, A White, T Ziegler, R AF Hublin, Jean-Jacques Paeaebo, Svante Derevianko, Anatoly P. Doronichev, Vladimir B. Golovanova, Liubov V. Friess, Martin Froment, Alain Hoffmann, Almut Kachache, Ngalla Edward Jillani Kullmer, Ottmar Lordkipanidze, David Moncel, Marie-Helene Potts, Richard Radovcic, Jakov Rak, Yoel Zvi Richards, Michael Mendez, Jesus Rodriguez Rosas, Antonio Schmauder, Michael Schmitz, Ralf W. Semal, Patrick Smith, Tanya Tafuri, Mary Anne Tattersall, Ian Tournepiche, Jean-Francois Toussaint, Michel Vassiliev, Sergey Vialet, Amelie White, Tim Ziegler, Reinhard TI Suggested guidelines for invasive sampling of hominid remains SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Paeaebo, Svante; Richards, Michael; Smith, Tanya] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Leipzig, Germany. [Derevianko, Anatoly P.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Archaeol & Ethnog, Novosibirsk, Russia. [Doronichev, Vladimir B.; Golovanova, Liubov V.] ANO Lab Prehist, St Petersburg, Russia. [Friess, Martin; Froment, Alain] Musee Homme Paris, Paris, France. [Hoffmann, Almut] Staatliche Museen Berlin, Museum Vor & Fruhgeschichte, Berlin, Germany. [Kullmer, Ottmar] Forschungsinst Senckenberg, Frankfurt, Germany. [Lordkipanidze, David] Georgian Natl Museum, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Moncel, Marie-Helene] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Prehist, F-75231 Paris, France. [Potts, Richard] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Rak, Yoel Zvi] Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Sch Med, Tel Aviv, Israel. [Mendez, Jesus Rodriguez] Natl Res Ctr Human Evolut, Burgos, Spain. [Schmauder, Michael] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Schmitz, Ralf W.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Ur & Fruhgeschichte & Archaol Mittelalters, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Semal, Patrick] Inst Royal Sci Nat Belgique, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium. [Tafuri, Mary Anne] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Biol Anim & Uomo, Rome, Italy. [Tattersall, Ian] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Anthropol, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Toussaint, Michel] Minist Reg Wallone, Direct Archeol, Liege, Belgium. [Vassiliev, Sergey] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ethnol & Anthropol, Moscow, Russia. [Vialet, Amelie] Inst Palaontol Humaine, Paris, France. [White, Tim] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ziegler, Reinhard] Staatliches Museum Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany. [Radovcic, Jakov] Croatian Nat Hist Museum, Zagreb, Croatia. RP Hublin, JJ (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Leipzig, Germany. EM hublin@eva.mpg.de RI Richards, Michael/A-9374-2008; Rosas, Antonio/D-9742-2016; Richards, Michael/O-3717-2016; Derevianko, Anatoly/Q-5975-2016; OI Richards, Michael/0000-0001-5274-8887; Rosas, Antonio/0000-0002-5829-9952; Richards, Michael/0000-0001-5274-8887; Derevianko, Anatoly/0000-0003-1156-8331; TAFURI, MARY ANNE/0000-0002-2913-7225 NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 756 EP 757 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.04.010 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 364VO UT WOS:000260363700022 PM 18721998 ER PT J AU Kula, RR AF Kula, Robert R. TI Taxonomic Status and Location of Type Specimens for Species of Coelinidea Viereck and Sarops Nixon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) Described by Garland T. Riegel SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID REVISION; RECORDS AB The following species of Coelinidea Viereck and Sarops Nixon described by Garland T. Riegel are transferred to other genera resulting in 28 new combinations: Chorebus pallidus (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius acicula (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius acontia (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius alima, (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius alrutzae (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius arizona (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius arnella (Riegel), n. comb, Coelinius bakeri (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius baldufi (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius calcara (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius columbia (Riegel), n. comb, Coelinius crota (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius dubius (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius ellenaae (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius frisoni (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius garthi (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius hayesi (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius jeanae (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius marki (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius marylandicus (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius minnesota (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius montana (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius muesebecki (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius nellae (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius niobrara (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius robinae (Riegel), n. comb., Coelinius ruthae (Riegel), n. comb., and Coelinius sommermanae (Riegel), n. comb. Coelinius ohioensis (Riegel, 1982), and Coelinius wheeleri (Riegel, 1982) are new synonys, and the former is designated the senior synonym because the holotype is a female. The holotypes of Coelinidea antha Riegel, Coelinidea arca Riegel, Coelinidea colora Riegel, and Coelinidea coma Riegel, reportedly deposited at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, apparently are lost. Therefore, all four names are considered nomina dubia since each species is known only from the holotype, and information Riegel provided in the original descriptions and key to North American species of Coelinidea is not adequate to apply the names unequivocally. The locations of primary and, where applicable, secondary types are indicated for all other species of Coelinidea and Sarops described by Riegel. Coelinius alima, C. marki, C. ohioensis, and C. robinae are first recorded from Quebec, Wyoming, Wisconsin, and Kansas and Missouri, respectively. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kula, RR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Robert.Kula@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYMENOPTERISTS PI WASHINGTON PA C/O SMITHSONIAN INST, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560-0168 USA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 138 EP 156 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 360UZ UT WOS:000260084800003 ER PT J AU Murdoch, JD Ralls, K Cypher, B Reading, R AF Murdoch, James D. Ralls, Katherine Cypher, Brian Reading, Richard TI SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AMONG SAN JOAQUIN KIT FOXES BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER THE MATING SEASON SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE encounter; interaction; kit fox; mating; Vulpes macrotis mutica ID AFRICAN WILD DOGS; VULPES-VULPES; VACCINATION STRATEGIES; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION; RABIES; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY AB Direct observations of small foxes are rare because of their secretive nature and nocturnal activity patterns. We observed 10 adult (>= 1-year-old) San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica) at night over a 7-month period that included the mating season to quantify the types, rates, and durations of social interactions. Of 191 interactions between members of this seasonally breeding, socially monogamous species, 52 were with adult foxes in the same social group, 43 with adult foxes from other known social groups, 48 with Juveniles (< 1 year old). and 48 with unknown foxes. Most interactions (n = 173). especially those between pair-mates, between females. and with juveniles. were affiliative. Agonistic encounters were rare (n = 18) and occurred mostly between males of different social groups and with unknown foxes. Interaction rates with social group members, most of which were pair-mates (88%), peaked in the months before the annual mating season, whereas those with non-social group foxes, most of which represented potential extrapair copulation partners (79%). peaked later and more sharply. The duration of interactions with adult social and non-social group foxes was highest during the mating season. Increased social interactions at this time may help foxes strengthen bonds with pair-mates and become familiar with potential extrapair partners. C1 [Murdoch, James D.] Univ Oxford, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Tubney OX13 5QL, England. [Ralls, Katherine] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Cypher, Brian] Calif State Univ Stanislaus, Endangered Species Recovery Program, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. [Reading, Richard] Denver Zool Fdn, Denver, CO 80205 USA. RP Murdoch, JD (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Tubney House,Abingdon Rd, Tubney OX13 5QL, England. EM james.murdoch@zoo.ox.ac.uk NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1087 EP 1093 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-152.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 364DQ UT WOS:000260316800002 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, NL Thorington, RW AF Rasmussen, Nick L. Thorington, Richard W., Jr. TI MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION AMONG THREE SPECIES OF FLYING SQUIRRELS (GENUS HYLOPETES) FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE biogeography; Hylopetes lepidus; Hylopetes platyrus; Hylopetes spadiceus; morphometrics; nomenclature; Sciuridae; systematics ID PALEOGEOGRAPHY; DISTRIBUTIONS; INDONESIA; RECORD; SHAPE; SIZE AB The genus Hylopetes consists of 8 or 9 species of small flying squirrels. There has been Much nomenclatural confusion over 3 of these species: H. Platyurus (the g flying aquirrel), H. spadiceus (the red-cheeked flying squirrel),and H. lepidus (the pink-cheeked flying squirrel). To address this taxonomic problem. we examined museum specimens and quantified pelage coloration, tail shape, and a number of craniodental characters. A, discriminant analysis of craniodental variables discriminated among the 3 species and allocated all specimens correctly (P < 0.00001). We found that simple ratios of craniodental measurements Coupled with pelage coloration characters can assist in the identification of these problematic species. although tail Shape Was not useful for discrimination. Based on Our results as well as historical accounts and what is known about the biogeographical patterns of the region, we provide a description and discussion of the distributions for these species. C1 [Thorington, Richard W., Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Rasmussen, Nick L.] Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Rasmussen, Nick L.] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Thorington, RW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Div Mammals, MRC 108,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thoringtonr@si.edu OI Rasmussen, Nick/0000-0002-5106-9038 FU Robert W. Fri Internship; Smithsonian Institution FX We thank the Bill and Jean Internship Endowment for providing funds for this project through a Robert W. Fri Internship as well as the Smithsonian Institution Research Training, Program. We are also grateful to the staff members at the American Museum of Natural History (particularly D. P. Lunde) and Smithsonian Institution who allowed access to or made available for loan specimens for this study. We extend special thanks to the following people from the Smithsonian Institution: M. Carleton for providing assistance in selecting craniodental characters, C. Ludwig for providing technical support and specimen collection data, E. Santana for producing cranial X-rays, and J. Whatton for assistance with the literature cited. the figures, and editorial details. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1296 EP 1305 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-303.1 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 364DQ UT WOS:000260316800024 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI 500 essential graphic novels: The ultimate guide SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 16 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 356CM UT WOS:000259756300201 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Leonard Maltin movie guide, 2009 edition SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 16 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 356CM UT WOS:000259756300202 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI A companion to eighteenth-century Europe SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 16 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 356CM UT WOS:000259756300199 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI The international handbook of stepfamilies: Policy and practice in legal, research, and clinical environments SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 16 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 356CM UT WOS:000259756300204 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Rights of the elderly SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 16 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 356CM UT WOS:000259756300203 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Pocket Fowler's modern English usage, 2nd edition SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 16 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 356CM UT WOS:000259756300205 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Theatre world: The most complete record of the American theatre, 2005-2006, vol 62 SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 16 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 356CM UT WOS:000259756300206 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI IntelCenter terrorism incident reference (TIR): Iraq 2007 SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 16 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 356CM UT WOS:000259756300200 ER PT J AU Tsujimoto, A Yasuhara, M Nomura, R Yamazaki, H Sampei, Y Hirose, K Yoshikawa, S AF Tsujimoto, Akira Yasuhara, Moriaki Nomura, Ritsuo Yamazaki, Hideo Sampei, Yoshikazu Hirose, Kotaro Yoshikawa, Shusaku TI Development of modern benthic ecosystems in eutrophic coastal oceans: The foraminiferal record over the last 200 years, Osaka Bay, Japan SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Benthic foraminifera; Ecosystem; Eutrophication; Hypoxia; Osaka Bay; Species diversity ID HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION; NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA; PORT PHILLIP BAY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LONG-TERM; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SOUTHWEST JAPAN; SEDIMENT CORES; NEW-ZEALAND AB The ecosystem dynamics of a modern benthic community in Osaka Bay was studied by analyzing sediment cores and fossil foraminifera deposited during the past 200 years. The results suggest that the high-density/low-diversity assemblage has appeared in the early 1900s, coinciding with the eutrophication of the bay resulting from the Japanese industrial revolution. This assemblage proliferated during the period 1960 to 1970 when the eutrophication and bottom-water hypoxia were most pronounced. The development of the assemblage has been characterized by an increase in the relative and absolute abundance of eutrophication-tolerant species (Ammonia beccarii, Eggerella advena, and Trochammina hadai) and a decrease in many other foraminiferal species, such as Ammonia tepida. Elphidium, Miliolinella subrotunda, and Valvulineria hamanakoensis, that are unable to tolerate low-oxygen conditions. Approximately thirty years after the imposition of discharge restrictions in the 1970s, this assemblage continues to predominate in the inner part of the bay, and E advena is currently found across the entire bay. These records make a significant contribution to understanding the long-term relationship between anthropogenic impact and ecosystem change. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tsujimoto, Akira] Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol & Geosci, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 5588585, Japan. [Tsujimoto, Akira; Hirose, Kotaro; Yoshikawa, Shusaku] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Nomura, Ritsuo] Shimane Univ, Fac Educ, Foraminiferal Lab, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. [Yamazaki, Hideo] Kinki Univ, Dept Life Sci, Sch Sci & Engn, Osaka 5778502, Japan. [Sampei, Yoshikazu] Shimane Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Dept Geosci, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. RP Tsujimoto, A (reprint author), Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol & Geosci, Sumiyoshi Ku, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Osaka 5588585, Japan. EM tujimoto@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jp RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008 OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863 FU Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [05950, 10896] FX We would like to thank Muneki Mitamura for helpful advice, and Hisayo Okahashi, Miho Ishitake, and Shinya Inano for their assistance in sampling and sample preparation. We also thank Shin-ichi Sakai for the sampling of core OBY. Reviews by Lisa Osterman and Thomas Cronin, and editing by Ellen Thomas greatly improved the manuscript. This work was partially supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (05950 to M. Yasuhara and 10896 to A. Tsujimoto). NR 80 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 69 IS 2 BP 225 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.08.001 PG 15 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 373ET UT WOS:000260954500009 ER PT J AU Plotkin, H Clarke, RS AF Plotkin, Howard Clarke, Roy S., Jr. TI Harvey Nininger's 1948 attempt to nationalize Meteor Crater SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Harvey Nininger successfully petitioned the American Astronomical Society to pass a motion in support of nationalizing Meteor Crater, Arizona, at its June 1948 meeting. He alleged that the Barringer family, who held title to the crater, was depriving American citizens of its scenic beauty and scientific value. He then reportedly went on to make the unauthorized-and false-claim that the family would be receptive to a fair purchase offer for the crater. The Barringers, who had not been,given advance warning of the petition and were not present at the meeting, felt ambushed. They quickly and forcefully rebutted Nininger's allegations, made it clear they had no intention of relinquishing their title to the crater, and terminated his exploration rights. What led Nininger to such a Curious and self-defeating act? Based on our reading of his voluminous personal correspondence, we conclude that it was rooted primarily in his complex relationship with Frederick Leonard and Lincoln LaPaz, and his desire to establish a national institute for meteoritical research-with them, originally, but after a serious falling out, on his own. Prevented from moving his American Meteorite Museum to the crater rim., Nininger wondered what would happen if the crater was nationalized and made into a public park. with an accompanying tourist center and museum. With characteristic elan, he could Picture himself at its head, with a secure salary and adequate space to exhibit his meteorite collection. C1 [Plotkin, Howard] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Philosophy, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Clarke, Roy S., Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Plotkin, H (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Philosophy, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. EM hplotkin@rogers.com FU Smithsonian Institution FX The authors thank Drs. Ursula B. Marvin and Carleton B. Moore for their helpful reviews, and Dr. A. J. Timothy Jull for his editorial handling. We also thank Dr. Moore for his kind hospitality and generous cooperation during Roy S. Clarkc, Jr.'s several visits to the Nininger Archives and the Meteoritical Society Archives at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. We are grateful to the Edward P. and Rebecca Rogers Henderson Fund of the Smithsonian Institution for Supporting various aspects of Clarke's archival efforts over the past 15 years. Finally. we thank Dr. Cari Corrigan for help in preparing the final draft for publication. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1741 EP 1756 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 397KF UT WOS:000262660900010 ER PT J AU Wright, TF Schirtzinger, EE Matsumoto, T Eberhard, JR Graves, GR Sanchez, JJ Capelli, S Mueller, H Scharpegge, J Chambers, GK Fleischer, RC AF Wright, Timothy F. Schirtzinger, Erin E. Matsumoto, Tania Eberhard, Jessica R. Graves, Gary R. Sanchez, Juan J. Capelli, Sara Mueller, Heinrich Scharpegge, Julia Chambers, Geoffrey K. Fleischer, Robert C. TI A multilocus molecular phylogeny of the parrots (Psittaciformes): Support for a Gondwanan origin during the Cretaceous SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Cretaceous origin; divergence times; Gondwanan distribution; K/T boundary; molecular phylogeny; parrot; Psittaciformes; Tertiary origin ID LENGTH DIFFERENCE TEST; NUCLEAR-DNA SEQUENCES; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; AVIAN EVOLUTION; ANCESTRAL AREAS; PASSERINE BIRDS; MITOCHONDRIAL; INCONGRUENCE; GENE; AVES AB The question of when modern birds (Neornithes) first diversified has generated much debate among avian systematists. Fossil evidence generally supports a Tertiary diversification, whereas estimates based on molecular dating favor an earlier diversification in the Cretaceous period. In this study, we used an alternate approach, the inference of historical biogeographic patterns, to test the hypothesis that the initial radiation of the Order Psittaciformes (the parrots and cockatoos) originated on the Gondwana supercontinent during the Cretaceous. We utilized broad taxonomic sampling (representatives of 69 of the 82 extant genera and 8 outgroup taxa) and multilocus molecular character sampling (3,941 bp from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes cytochrome oxidase I and NADH dehydrogenase 2 and nuclear introns of rhodopsin intron 1, tropomyosin alpha-subunit intron 5, and transforming growth factor ss-2) to generate phylogenetic hypotheses for the Psittaciformes. Analyses of the combined character partitions using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian criteria produced well-resolved and topologically similar trees in which the New Zealand taxa Strigops and Nestor (Psittacidae) were sister to all other psittaciformes and the cockatoo clade (Cacatuidae) was sister to a clade containing all remaining parrots (Psittacidae). Within this large clade of Psittacidae, some traditionally recognized tribes and subfamilies were monophyletic (e.g., Arini, Psittacini, and Loriinae), whereas several others were polyphyletic (e.g., Cyclopsittacini, Platycercini, Psittaculini, and Psittacinae). Ancestral area reconstructions using our Bayesian phylogenetic hypothesis and current distributions of genera supported the hypothesis of an Australasian origin for the Psittaciformes. Separate analyses of the timing of parrot diversification constructed with both Bayesian relaxed-clock and penalized likelihood approaches showed better agreement between geologic and diversification events in the chronograms based on a Cretaceous dating of the basal split within parrots than the chronograms based on a Tertiary dating of this split, although these data are more equivocal. Taken together, our results support a Cretaceous origin of Psittaciformes in Gondwana after the separation of Africa and the India/Madagascar block with subsequent diversification through both vicariance and dispersal. These well-resolved molecular phylogenies will be of value for comparative studies of behavior, ecology, and life history in parrots. C1 [Wright, Timothy F.; Schirtzinger, Erin E.; Fleischer, Robert C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Wright, Timothy F.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Matsumoto, Tania] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Genet & Biol Evolut, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Eberhard, Jessica R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Eberhard, Jessica R.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Graves, Gary R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sanchez, Juan J.] Natl Inst Toxicol & Forens Sci, Tenerife, Spain. [Capelli, Sara; Mueller, Heinrich; Scharpegge, Julia] Loro Parque Fdn, Dept Vet Med, Tenerife, Spain. [Chambers, Geoffrey K.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Wright, Timothy F.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Wright, TF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM wright@nmsu.edu FU Friends of the National Zoo; Smithsonian Institution; National Institutes of Health [S06 GM008136]; Academia Brasileira de Ciencias; Smithsonian IESP Neotropical Lowland Research Program; Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of New Mexico State University FX We thank the following institutions and people for the generous loan of tissue specimens: American Museum of Natural History (P. Sweet), Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (L. Joseph), Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Loro Parque Fundacion, and the Vertebrate Museum of New Mexico State University (P. Houde). We particularly thank David Waugh of the Loro Parque Fundacion and Mathew Chan of Victoria University of Wellington for generous assistance in obtaining data from critical specimens. Noel Carr assisted with testing of nuclear intron primers with support from a Smithsonian Summer Internship. Donovan Bailey provided valuable assistance with phylogenetic methods, particularly the parsimony ratchet analysis; we thank both he and Peter Houde for their thoughtful comments on the manuscript. Research support was provided by a Robinson Postdoctoral Fellowship from Friends of the National Zoo (T.F.W.), the Abbott Fund of the Smithsonian Institution (T.F.W., G.R.G. and R.C.F.), and National Institutes of Health grant S06 GM008136 (T.F.W.). Tissue collection by G.R.G. on the Rio Xingu was supported by the Academia Brasileira de Ciencias through a grant from Electronorte administered by P.E. Vanzolini and by the Smithsonian IESP Neotropical Lowland Research Program. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of New Mexico State University. NR 102 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 4 U2 60 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 25 IS 10 BP 2141 EP 2156 DI 10.1093/molbev/msn160 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 350BQ UT WOS:000259327900007 PM 18653733 ER PT J AU Leonard, JA AF Leonard, Jennifer A. TI Ancient DNA applications for wildlife conservation SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE aDNA; climate change; conservation genetics; drift; endangered species; extinction; hybridization; wildlife management ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; CANIS-LUPUS POPULATION; NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; BROWN BEARS; GENOME SEQUENCES; ATLANTIC SALMON; WOLF POPULATION; URSUS-ARCTOS AB Ancient DNA analyses of historical, archaeological and paleontological remains can contribute important information for the conservation of populations and species that cannot be obtained any other way. In addition to ancient DNA analyses involving a single or few individuals, population level studies are now possible. Biases inherent in estimating population parameters and history from modern genetic diversity are exaggerated when populations are small or have been heavily impacted by recent events, as is common for many endangered species. Going directly back in time to study past populations removes many of the assumptions that undermine conclusions based only on recent populations. Accurate characterization of historic population size, levels of gene flow and relationships with other populations are fundamental to developing appropriate conservation and management plans. The incorporation of ancient DNA into conservation genetics holds a lot of potential, if it is employed responsibly. C1 [Leonard, Jennifer A.] Smithsonian Inst, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Leonard, Jennifer A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolutionary Biol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Leonard, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Genet Program, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM jennifer.leonard@ebc.uu.se RI Leonard, Jennifer/A-7894-2010 OI Leonard, Jennifer/0000-0003-0291-7819 NR 98 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 8 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 17 IS 19 BP 4186 EP 4196 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03891.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 352VQ UT WOS:000259525900003 PM 18684136 ER PT J AU Duarte, JMB Gonzalez, S Maldonado, JE AF Duarte, Jose Mauricio Barbanti Gonzalez, Susana Maldonado, Jesus E. TI The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Deer; South America; Evolution; Cytogenetics; Mitocondrial DNA; Morphology; Cryptic species; Cervidae ID CYTOCHROME-B GENE; RED BROCKET; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; CERVIDAE; MAZAMA; MITOCHONDRIAL; MAMMALIA; ARTIODACTYLA; PHYLOGENY; TREES AB To clarify the systematic relationships and evolutionary history of South American deer, we conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis using representative species of all of the genera of Neotropical deer. Our results revealed high levels of molecular and cytogenetic divergence between groups of morphologically similar species of brockets (Mazama), and suggest a polyphyletic origin. At least eight ancestral forms of deer invaded South America during the late Pliocene (2.5-3 MYA), and members of the red brockets had an independent early explosive diversification soon after their ancestor arrived there, giving rise to a number of morphologically cryptic species. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Duarte, Jose Mauricio Barbanti] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Nucl Pesquisa & Conservacao Cervideos NUPECCE, Dept Zootecnia, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. [Gonzalez, Susana] UdelaR, Unidad Genet Conservac, Dept Genet, IIBCE Fac Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Natl Zool Pk, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Duarte, JMB (reprint author), Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Nucl Pesquisa & Conservacao Cervideos NUPECCE, Dept Zootecnia, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. EM barbanti@fcav.unesp.br RI Barbanti Duarte, Jose Mauricio /C-6946-2013 OI Barbanti Duarte, Jose Mauricio /0000-0002-7805-0265 FU FAPESP; CNPq; PROBIO/MMA; CSIC-UdelaR; PEDECIBA; Smithsonian Genetics Program, Friends of the National Zoo and The Wildlife Trust Alliance FX Our study was funded by: FAPESP, CNPq, PROBIO/MMA, from Brazil, CSIC-UdelaR; PEDECIBA, from Uruguay, The Smithsonian Genetics Program, Friends of the National Zoo and The Wildlife Trust Alliance. We thank Jose Eduardo Garcia and Alexandre Vogliotti for help in the collection and processing of samples; Vanessa Abril, Paulo Tosta, Joao Boer, Leticia Bidegaray, Mariana Cosse, Elsa Halty and Jorge Ortega for technical assistance in the lab. We also acknowledge Rafael De Sa, Rogerio Rossi, Luis Flamarion de Oliveira, Dalton Amorim, Beth Archie and Kelly Maldonado for their critical and valuable suggestions that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 34 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 49 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 358AE UT WOS:000259887700002 PM 18675919 ER PT J AU Taylor, JM Cappellaro, P Childress, L Jiang, L Budker, D Hemmer, PR Yacoby, A Walsworth, R Lukin, MD AF Taylor, J. M. Cappellaro, P. Childress, L. Jiang, L. Budker, D. Hemmer, P. R. Yacoby, A. Walsworth, R. Lukin, M. D. TI High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; COHERENT DYNAMICS; SINGLE SPIN; MICROSCOPY; QUBITS; ATOMS AB The detection of weak magnetic fields with high spatial resolution is an important problem in diverse areas ranging from fundamental physics and material science to data storage and biomedical science. Here, we explore a novel approach to the detection of weak magnetic fields that takes advantage of recently developed techniques for the coherent control of solid-state electron spin quantum bits. Specifically, we investigate a magnetic sensor based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in room-temperature diamond. We discuss two important applications of this technique: a nanoscale magnetometer that could potentially detect precession of single nuclear spins and an optical magnetic-field imager combining spatial resolution ranging from micrometres to millimetres with a sensitivity approaching a few fT Hz(-1/2). C1 [Cappellaro, P.; Childress, L.; Jiang, L.; Yacoby, A.; Walsworth, R.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cappellaro, P.; Walsworth, R.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Childress, L.] Bates Coll, Dept Phys, Lewiston, ME 04240 USA. [Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hemmer, P. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Lukin, MD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lukin@physics.harvard.edu RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Cappellaro, Paola/B-1413-2010; Childress, Lilian/H-1359-2012; Jiang, Liang/A-9847-2008; Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Cappellaro, Paola/0000-0003-3207-594X; Childress, Lilian/0000-0002-0507-6392; Jiang, Liang/0000-0002-0000-9342; Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 FU NSF; ONR; MURI; DARPA; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Pappalardo Fellowship; ITAMP Fellowship FX We gratefully acknowledge conversations with D. Awschalom, A. Cohen, J. Doyle, G. Dutt, J. Maze, E. Togan, P. Stanwix, J. Hodges, S. Hong and M. P. Ledbetter. This work was supported by the NSF, ONR, MURI, DARPA and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. J. M. T. is supported by the Pappalardo Fellowship; P. C. is supported by the ITAMP Fellowship. NR 46 TC 533 Z9 537 U1 17 U2 159 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 4 IS 10 BP 810 EP 816 DI 10.1038/nphys1075 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 355CO UT WOS:000259686800017 ER PT J AU Buhrnheim, CM Carvalho, TP Malabarba, LR Weitzman, SH AF Buhrnheim, Cristina M. Carvalho, Tiago P. Malabarba, Luiz R. Weitzman, Stanley H. TI A new genus and species of characid fish from the Amazon basin - the recognition of a relictual lineage of characid fishes (Ostariophysi: Cheirodontinae: Cheirodontini) SO NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phylogeny; Biogeography; Miniaturization; Spintherobolus; Priocharax ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; SEQUENCES; TELEOSTEI AB Amazonspinther dalmata, a new miniature characid from the streams of rio Purus and rio Madeira, right bank tributaries of the rio Amazonas, is described as a new genus and species of the subfamily Cheirodontinae. The unique characters of the new genus and species are the three remarkable black blotches on the base of the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins, the anteriormost proximal radial of the anal fin with an anteriorly extended lamina entering the abdominal cavity, and the extremely elongate caudal peduncle. The reduced number of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays (7-9), and the hemal spines of only posterior one, two, or sometimes three caudal vertebrae directly articulating with the ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays further diagnoses the new taxon from remaining genera of the tribe Cheirodontini. The results of a phylogenetic analysis strongly support a close relationship between A. dalmata and Spintherobolus in the tribe Cheirodontini on the basis of fifteen unambiguous synapomorphies. Ten of these characters, previously hypothesized as exclusive synapomorphies for Spintherobolus, were now also identified in Amazonspinther, such as the pattern of exposed neuromasts on the head, the presence of a second pseudotympanum anterior to the first pleural rib, and the nearly discoidal coracoid bone. A discussion about the phylogenetic position of the closely related fossil +Megacheirodon to Spintherobolus and Amazonspinther is also provided. Convergent characters shared between Amazonspinther and the characid Priocharax are discussed in relation to miniaturization. Biogeographical implications of the diversification of Amazonspinther, Spintherobolus, and Megacheirodon lineages are discussed. C1 [Buhrnheim, Cristina M.] Univ Fed Amazonas, ICB, Zool Lab, BR-69077000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Buhrnheim, Cristina M.] Univ Estado Amazonas, ENS, BR-69050010 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Carvalho, Tiago P.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Malabarba, Luiz R.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Zool, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Weitzman, Stanley H.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Zool, Div Fishes, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. RP Buhrnheim, CM (reprint author), Univ Fed Amazonas, ICB, Zool Lab, Av Gen Rodrigo Otavio Jordao Ramos, BR-69077000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EM cmbuhrn@yahoo.com.br; tiagobio2002@yahoo.com.br; malabarb@ufrgs.br; weitzmas@si.edu RI Malabarba, Luiz/I-3225-2012 FU All Catfish Species Inventory [NSF DEB 0315963] FX We thank Jose L. de Figueiredo and Osvaldo Oyakawa (MZUSP) for loaning specimens. Specimens of the new species were caught during the Transcontinental Expedition and supported by the All Catfish Species Inventory (NSF DEB 0315963). Specimens were also acquired through GEOMA project/INPA collections carried out by Jansen Zuanon, Fernando Mendonca (live specimens photo), Helder Espirito Santo, Andre Galuch and Daniela Barros. We thank their collaboration to this study. SEM micrographs were taken at "Centro de Microscopia e Microan~lises" - PUCRS and "Centro de Microscopia Eletronica" - UFRGS. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ICTIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA UNIV SAO PAULO, DEPT FISIOLOGIA-IB, RUA DO MATAO, TRAVESSA 14 N 321, SAO PAULO, SP 05508-900, BRAZIL SN 1679-6225 J9 NEOTROP ICHTHYOL JI Neotrop. Ichthyol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 6 IS 4 BP 663 EP 678 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 402ET UT WOS:000262997700016 ER PT J AU Mei, ZX Lin, J AF Mei, Zhixing Lin, Jun TI Changes in the photospheric magnetic field associated with solar flares SO NEW ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE sun : magnetic fields; sun : flares; sun : photosphere; sun coronal mass ejections ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; FLUX-ROPE MODELS; X-CLASS FLARES; 2000 JULY 14; ERUPTIVE FLARES; ACTIVE REGIONS; ENERGY-RELEASE; RAPID CHANGES; EVOLUTION; RECONNECTION AB The flare-related, persistent and abrupt changes in the photospheric magnetic field have been reported by many authors during recent years. These bewildering observational results pose a challenge to the current flare theories in which the photospheric magnetic field usually remains unchanged in the eruption. In this paper, changes in the photosphere magnetic field during the solar eruption are investigated based on the catastrophe model. The results indicate that the projection effect is an important source that yields the change in the observed photospheric magnetic field in the line-of-sight. Furthermore one may observe the change in the normal component of magnetic field if the spectrum line used to measure the photospheric magnetic field does not exactly come from the photospheric surface. Our results also show that the significance of selecting the correct spectral lines to study the photospheric field becomes more apparent for the magnetic configurations with complex boundary condition (or background field). (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mei, Zhixing; Lin, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Yunnan Astron Observ, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Mei, Zhixing] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Lin, Jun] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mei, ZX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Yunnan Astron Observ, POB 110, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China. EM meizhixing@ynao.ac.cn RI LIN, JUN/B-9890-2017 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-1076 EI 1384-1092 J9 NEW ASTRON JI New Astron. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 13 IS 7 BP 526 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.newast.2008.02.001 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300FE UT WOS:000255808900011 ER PT J AU Brenes-Arguedas, T Rios, M Rivas-Torres, G Blundo, C Coley, PD Kursar, TA AF Brenes-Arguedas, Tania Rios, Marcos Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo Blundo, Cecilia Coley, Phyllis D. Kursar, Thomas A. TI The effect of soil on the growth performance of tropical species with contrasting distributions SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID RAIN-FOREST TREES; PRECIPITATION GRADIENT; FLORISTIC COMPOSITION; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; CLIMATIC GRADIENT; NEOTROPICAL TREE; BETA-DIVERSITY; LANDSCAPE; SPECIALIZATION; TOLERANCE AB Within the tropics, a marked gradient in rainfall between dry and wet forests correlates with a well documented turnover of plant species. While water availability along these gradients is an important determinant of species distributions, other abiotic and biotic factors correlate with rainfall and may also contribute to limit species distribution. One of these is soil fertility, which is often lower in the wetter forests. To test its possible role in species distribution along a rainfall gradient, we performed a screen-house experiment where we measured the growth performance of seedlings of 23 species with contrasting distributions across the Isthmus of Panama. We grew seedlings in soils collected from the drier Pacific side and the wetter Atlantic side. Differences in soil fertility across the Isthmus were large enough to significantly influence the growth performance of the seedlings. However, we found no evidence of home-soil advantage among species with contrasting distributions. Dry-distribution species grew on average slower than wet-distribution species suggesting a cost to drought adaptations. The response to soil differences correlated with the growth rate of the species, such that fast-growing species responded more to changes in soil quality. We hypothesize that inherently slow growth rates of some dry-distribution tropical species may be a more important factor limiting their colonization of wetter sites along the rainfall gradient. C1 [Brenes-Arguedas, Tania; Rios, Marcos; Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo; Blundo, Cecilia; Coley, Phyllis D.; Kursar, Thomas A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Coley, Phyllis D.; Kursar, Thomas A.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Brenes-Arguedas, T (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM taniabrenes@gmail.com FU NSF [DEB-0444590] FX This research was supported by NSF grant DEB-0444590 to TAK and PDC. We thank: Rolando Perez and Salomon Aguilar for help with species identification; the Center for Tropical Forest Science, INBio, MBG Tropicos, and the STRI herbarium for making publicly available information regarding species collection records and distribution; and the Peregrine Fund for permission to work at Gunn Hill. This research has been done in compliance with the laws of Panama and the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente of Panama. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD OCT PY 2008 VL 117 IS 10 BP 1453 EP 1460 DI 10.1111/j.2008.0030-1299.16903.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 350KQ UT WOS:000259351700003 ER PT J AU Bannikov, A Tyler, J AF Bannikov, A. F. Tyler, J. C. TI A new genus and species of triggerfish from the Middle Eocene of the Northern Caucasus, the earliest member of the Balistidae (Tetraodontiformes) SO PALEONTOLOGICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Tetraodontiformes; Balistidae; new taxa; Middle Eocene; Northern Caucasus; Russia AB Until now, the earliest known members of the triggerfish family Balistidae have been two genera from the Oligocene. Herein is described the new balistid Gornylistes prodigiosus gen. et sp. nov. from the uppermost Middle Eocene (Kuma Horizon) of the Northern Caucasus (Gorny Luch locality); it is as thoroughly modern in its bauplan as the taxa of balistids from the Oligocene and more recent periods, and far more advanced morphologically than the several stem taxa of the balistoid + ostracioid clade known from earlier in the Middle and Lower Eocene and from the Upper Paleocene. C1 [Bannikov, A. F.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Paleontol, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Tyler, J. C.] Smithsonian Inst MRC 106, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bannikov, A (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Paleontol, Profsoyuznaya Ul 123, Moscow 117997, Russia. EM aban@paleo.ru; tylerj@si.edu RI Bannikov, Alexander/P-9902-2015 FU National Geographic Society [7443-03] FX We thank the National Geographic Society for their support (grant number 7443-03) of the excavations at Gorny Luch undertaken during 2003 when the holotype of the new species was obtained along with many other specimens of great scientific value.; We greatly appreciate the help we have received from Sandra Raredon (Division of Fishes, Smithsonian Institution) in providing radiographs of balistids in the collection of that division and for help with electronic transfer of illustrations. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0031-0301 J9 PALEONTOL J+ JI Paleontol. J. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 42 IS 6 BP 615 EP 620 DI 10.1134/S0031030108060075 PG 6 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 371UA UT WOS:000260855600007 ER PT J AU Yoo, J Zaldarriaga, M AF Yoo, Jaiyul Zaldarriaga, Matias TI Improved estimation of cluster mass profiles from the cosmic microwave background SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; GRAVITY-WAVES; DARK-MATTER; CMB; POLARIZATION; COSMOLOGY; PROBE AB We develop a new method for reconstructing cluster-mass profiles and large-scale structure from the cosmic microwave background (CMB). By analyzing the likelihood of CMB lensing, we analytically prove that standard quadratic estimators for CMB lensing are unbiased and achieve the optimal condition only in the limit of no lensing; they become progressively biased and suboptimal, when the lensing effect is large, especially for clusters that can be found by ongoing Sunyaev-Zel'dovich surveys. Adopting an alternative approach to the CMB likelihood, we construct a new maximum likelihood estimator that utilizes delensed CMB temperature fields based on an assumed model. We analytically show that this estimator asymptotically approaches the optimal condition as our assumed model is refined, and we numerically show that as we iteratively apply it to CMB maps our estimator quickly converges to the true model with a factor of 10 less number of clusters than standard quadratic estimators need. For realistic CMB experiments, we demonstrate the applicability of the maximum likelihood estimator with tests against numerical simulations in the presence of CMB secondary contaminants. With significant improvement on the signal-to-noise ratio, our new maximum likelihood estimator can be used to measure the cluster-mass cross-correlation functions at different redshifts, probing the evolution of dark energy. C1 [Yoo, Jaiyul; Zaldarriaga, Matias] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zaldarriaga, Matias] Harvard Univ, Jefferson Phys Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Yoo, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jyoo@cfa.harvard.edu FU Harvard College Observatory; David and Lucile Packard; Alfred P. Sloan; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundations; NSF [AST 05-06556]; NASA ATP [NNG 05GJ40G] FX We thank Oliver Zahn for useful discussion. J.Y. thanks C. K. Chan for technical help on FFTw routines. J.Y. is supported by the Harvard College Observatory under the Donald H. Menzel fund. M.Z. is supported by the David and Lucile Packard, the Alfred P. Sloan, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundations. This work was further supported by NSF Grant No. AST 05-06556 and NASA ATP Grant No. NNG 05GJ40G. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT PY 2008 VL 78 IS 8 AR 083002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.083002 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 367TG UT WOS:000260574900009 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Wheeler, AG AF Henry, Thomas J. Wheeler, A. G., Jr. TI JOHN D. LATTIN: FESTSCHRIFT FOR AN EMINENT AND A PASSIONATE HETEROPTERIST, WITH A LIST OF HIS PUBLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, SEL, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wheeler, A. G., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), ARS, SEL, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov; awhlr@clemson.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 SI SI BP 825 EP 832 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.4.825 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 377BS UT WOS:000261227300001 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, Thomas J. TI FIRST NORTH AMERICAN RECORDS FOR THE PALEARCTIC ORIUS MAJUSCULUS (REUTER) (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Anthocoridae; Orius; majusculus; non-indigenous; Canada; description; new records ID GENUS ORIUS AB Orius majusculus (Reuter), a widespread Palearctic species, is reported in North America for the first time based on specimens collected in Ontario, Canada. A diagnosis, description, photographs of the adult, photomicrographs of selected structures, and illustrations of male genitalia are presented to help distinguish O. majusculus from other North America species of the genus. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, MRC-0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov FU Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL]; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC FX I thank Jan Barber, Peter Bernhardt, Peter Kevin, and Victoria MacPhail for information and collection data related to Courtney Finch's research program and Michele Touchet (Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL], ARS, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC) for the color photographs. I am also grateful to Steven Paeiro (UG) for collection records and follow-up fieldwork in 2007 that provided critical information further confirming the North American establishment of O. majusculus. Matt Buffington (SEL), John D. Lattin (Oregon State University, Corvallis), and Michael G. Pogue (SEL) kindly reviewed the manuscript. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 SI SI BP 953 EP 959 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.4.953 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 377BS UT WOS:000261227300007 ER PT J AU Kerzhner, IM Henry, TJ AF Kerzhner, Izyaslav M. Henry, Thomas J. TI THREE NEW SPECIES, NOTES AND NEW RECORDS OF POORLY KNOWN SPECIES, AND AN UPDATED CHECKLIST FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN NABIDAE (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Nabidae; North America; checklist; new species; Hoplistocelis confusa; Nabis latior; Pagasa lattini ID BIONOMICS; CANADA AB Three new species of North American Nabidae are described: Hoplistoscelis confusa, n. sp., Nabis latior n. sp., and Pagasa lattini n. sp. A diagnosis, description, a dorsal and lateral color photograph, a pen and ink dorsal habitus illustration, drawings of male and/or female genitalia, and comments on their relationship with other species are given for each. Nabis Mexicanus Remane is recorded from the United States for the First time and new U.S. state or Canadian province records are given for several species. Clarification of misidentifications since the 1988 North American nabid catalog are reported. A revised checklist of the North American Nabidae is provided, giving current generic and subgeneric combinations for 41 species. C1 [Kerzhner, Izyaslav M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kerzhner, IM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 SI SI BP 988 EP 1011 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.4.988 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 377BS UT WOS:000261227300010 ER PT J AU Mathis, WN Zatwarnicki, T AF Mathis, Wayne N. Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz TI A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF HECAMEDOIDES HENDEL (DIPTERA: EPHYDRIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Ephydridae; Hecamedoides; new species; Nearctic Region AB Species of the shore-fly genus Hecamedoides Hendel from the Nearctic Region are revised, including description of H. lattini, new, species (Virginia. Stafford: Falmouth (38 degrees 19.2'N, 77 degrees 28.1'W; Rappahannock River; 9 m). To provide context and also to facilitate identification, diagnoses are provided for the tribe Discocerinini and genus in addition to a key to the genera and species, H. lattini and H. usispinosus, Occurring in the New World. Diagnostic characters, especially of the male terminalia, are illustrated, and distribution maps are also provided. C1 [Mathis, Wayne N.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz] Univ Opole, Dept Biosystemat, PL-45052 Opole, Poland. RP Mathis, WN (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 169, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mathisw@si.edu; zatwar@uni.opole.pl OI Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz/0000-0003-2163-0143 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 SI SI BP 1012 EP 1027 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.4.1012 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 377BS UT WOS:000261227300011 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, David R. TI NEW SPECIES OF ARGIDAE AND PERGIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) FROM CENTRAL AMERICA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Scobina; Decameria; Costa Rica; Panama AB Scohina lattini, n. sp., from Costa Rica and Panama, S. alas, n. sp., from Costa Rica (Argidae), and Decameria lattini, n. sp., from Costa Rica (Pergidae) are described. The species are illustrated, and a key is presented for the four species of Scobina having bicolored wings in which vein M meets Sc+R some distance from the point where vein Rs+M meets Sc+R. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 110 IS 4 SI SI BP 1212 EP 1219 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.4.1212 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 377BS UT WOS:000261227300020 ER PT J AU Becker, VO Adamski, D AF Becker, Vitor O. Adamski, David TI Three new cecidogenous Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae, Momphinae) associated with Melastomataceae in Brazil SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ENTOMOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Gall-inducers; Melastomataceae; Microlepidoptera AB Three new cecidogenous Palaemystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Coleophoridae, Momphinae) associated with Melastomataceae in Brazil. Three new cecidogenous Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera. Coleophoridae, Momphinae), described herein. induce galls on stems and leaves of Melastomataceae species. They include: Palaeomystella tibouchinae sp. n., on Tibouchina barbigera (Naudin) Baillon. P. oligophaga sp. n., on Macairea radula (Bonpland) de Candolle and M. thyrsiflora de Candolle, and P. henriettiphila sp. n., on Henriettea succosa (Aublct) do Candolle. Adults. including male and female genitalia. larva, pupa, and galls are illustrated and described in detail. C1 [Becker, Vitor O.] Reserva Serra Bonita, BR-45880970 Camacan, Brazil. [Adamski, David] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Becker, VO (reprint author), Reserva Serra Bonita, POB 001, BR-45880970 Camacan, Brazil. EM bccker.vitor@gmailcom.br; dadamski@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ENTOMOLOGIA PI CURITIBA PA CAIXA POSTAL 19030, CURITIBA, PR 81531-980, BRAZIL SN 0085-5626 J9 REV BRAS ENTOMOL JI Rev. Bras. Entomol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2008 VL 52 IS 4 BP 647 EP 657 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 390EU UT WOS:000262147900017 ER PT J AU Clough, GW AF Clough, G. Wayne TI Life lines (Van Gogh) SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, GW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD OCT PY 2008 VL 39 IS 7 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 353FH UT WOS:000259551000014 ER PT J AU McKinley, DC Rice, CW Blair, JM AF McKinley, Duncan C. Rice, Charles W. Blair, John M. TI Conversion of grassland to coniferous woodland has limited effects on soil nitrogen cycle processes SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Juniperus; Nitrification; Nitrogen cycling; Grassland; Mineralization; Prairie; Isotope dilution; Extractable N; Forest encroachment; Microbial biomass ID JUNIPERUS-VIRGINIANA FOREST; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; NITRATE; BIOMASS; TRANSFORMATIONS; IMMOBILIZATION; MINERALIZATION; NITRIFICATION; PRODUCTIVITY; COMPETITION AB In the last century, conversion of native North American grasslands to Juniperus virginiana forests or woodlands has dramatically altered ecosystem Structure and significantly increased ecosystem carbon (C) stocks. We compared soils under recently established J. virginiana forests and adjacent native C-4-dominated grassland to assess changes in potential soil nitrogen (N) transformations and plant available N. Over a 2-year period, concentrations of extractable inorganic N were measured in soils from forest and grassland sites. Potential gross N ammonification, nitrification, and consumption rates were determined using N-15 isotope-dilution under laboratory conditions, controlling for soil temperature and moisture content. Potential nitrification rates (V-max) and microbial biomass, as well as soil physical and chemical properties were also assessed. Extractable NH4+ concentrations were significantly greater in grassland soils across the Study period (P <= 0.01), but analysis by date indicated that differences in extractable inorganic N occurred more frequently in fall and winter, when grasses were senescent but J. virginiana was still active. Laboratory-based rates of gross N mineralization (ammonification) and nitrification were greater in grassland soils (P <= 0.05), but only on one of four dates. Potential nitrification rates (V-max) were art order of magnitude greater than gross nitrification rates in both ecosystems, suggesting that nitrification is highly constrained by NH4+ availability. Differences in plant uptake of N, C inputs, and soil microclimate as forests replace grasslands may influence plant available N in the field, as evidenced by seasonal differences in soil extractable NH4+, and total soil C and N accumulation. However, we found few differences in potential soil N transformations under laboratory conditions, suggesting that this grassland-to-forest conversion caused little change in mineralizable organic N pools or potential microbial activity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McKinley, Duncan C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Rice, Charles W.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Blair, John M.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP McKinley, DC (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28,647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM mckinleyd@si.edu RI Blair, John/I-4082-2014 OI Blair, John/0000-0003-0072-0721 FU NASA's Land Cover Land Use Change program; NASA Kansas Space Grant program; Division of Biology at Kansas State University; Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research program FX We are grateful for support from NASA's Land Cover Land Use Change program, a student fellowship from the NASA Kansas Space Grant program, and additional support from the Division of Biology at Kansas State University and the Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research program. This project was accomplished with the cooperation and interest of private landowners in north central Kansas. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose constructive comments improved upon an earlier draft of the manuscript. This is publication 08-xxx-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 40 IS 10 BP 2627 EP 2633 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.005 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 365XW UT WOS:000260444000019 ER PT J AU Davis, SR Gentili-Poole, P Mitter, C AF Davis, Steve R. Gentili-Poole, Patricia Mitter, Charles TI A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera : Cossidae) SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE abdominal tubercles; carpenter moths; glands ID PHYLOGENY AB The Cossidae are an economically important family of moths consisting of six subfamilies and more than 700 species globally. Their larvae are often of serious concern to forestry and horticulture in that they are known to bore in the branches and trunks of a wide range of trees and shrubs. Cossulinae is one of the six subfamilies of Cossidae and is restricted to the New World. As a result of this revision, the Costa Rican Cossulinae has been found to consist of five genera and 18 species. The phylogenetic relationships of all Cossulinae genera were analysed using the computer programs WinClada and NONA. Glandular organs new to Cossidae and the Lepidoptera have also been discovered. Four genera, Biocelllata gen. nov., Magulacra gen. nov., Simplicivalva gen. nov. and Spinulata gen. nov., and the following nine species are described as new: Biocellata bifida sp. nov., Biocellata davisorum sp. nov., Cossula buspina sp. nov., Cossula duplexata sp. nov., Cossula longirostrum sp. nov., Cossula minutiloba sp. nov., Simplicivalva ampliophilobia sp. nov., Spinulata oblongata sp. nov. and Spinulata quasivinnea sp. nov. (C) 2008 The Linnean Society of London. C1 [Davis, Steve R.] Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Div Entomol, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Davis, Steve R.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Gentili-Poole, Patricia] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Mitter, Charles] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Davis, SR (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Div Entomol, 1501 Crestline Dr,Suite 140, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM steved@ku.edu FU Undergraduate Biological Sciences Education Program of the University of Maryland FX Considerable thanks go to my father, Don Davis, for his continual assistance with every aspect of this project. I am indebted to Vitor Becker, Planaltina, Brazil, Jose Montero, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo, Costa Rica, John Rawlins, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, and Kevin Tuck, The Natural History Museum, London, UK, for the loan of material essential to this study. I also wish to express my appreciation to many in the staff of the Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, for their generous assistance over the last two years and to Scott Whitaker of the Scanning Electron Microscopy Laboratory for his instructions on the operation of the SEM. Support for this research was provided by grants from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute through the Undergraduate Biological Sciences Education Program of the University of Maryland. This research was presented as an honours thesis at the University of Maryland. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0024-4082 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 154 IS 2 BP 222 EP 277 DI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00406.x PG 56 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 354ZV UT WOS:000259679300002 ER PT J AU Allen, SR Fiske, RS Cashman, KV AF Allen, S. R. Fiske, R. S. Cashman, K. V. TI Quenching of steam-charged pumice: Implications for submarine pyroclastic volcanism SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE submarine pumice; steam condensation; submarine pyroclastic eruption; quenching; welding ID EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION; SUBAQUEOUS ERUPTION; SILICIC VOLCANISM; SULFIDE DEPOSIT; SW PACIFIC; CALDERA; ARC; GREECE; ISLAND; FLOWS AB Huge quantities of silicic pumice have been deposited in intra-oceanic convergent margin settings throughout Earth's history. The association of submarine silicic calderas with thick proximal accumulations of pumice lapilli suggests that these pyroclasts were deposited as a direct result of submarine eruptions. Yet when first erupted, these highly vesicular, gas-filled clasts had densities significantly less than seawater. Experiments carried out 1-atm on heated pumice samples whose vesicles were charged with steam, the dominant component of magmatic volatiles show that buoyancy of freshly erupted submarine pumice is transient. Upon quenching, the phase change of steam-to-liquid water creates strong negative pore pressures within the pumice vesicles that accelerate the absorption of surrounding water, generating high-density pumice and promoting rapid clast sinking. Variations in the physical properties of steam with temperature and pressure have important implications for submarine pyroclastic eruptions. Firstly, highly vesicular pumice can be deposited on the seafloor at temperatures elevated significantly above ambient if they are erupted at sufficient depths to remain wholly submarine (>similar to 200 m) and either the fluid in which they cool contains heated water and/or they only absorb sufficient water to sink. Secondly, the rapid increase in density of the eruption column caused by condensation and the transition from buoyant (gas-filled) to denser (water-saturated) pumice lapilli, together with turbulent mixing with the surrounding seawater favour collapse and transport of pyroclasts in water-supported gravity currents. Finally, this mixing of the ejecta with seawater and the ease of water ingestion into permeable pumice clasts suggest that water-supported transport mechanisms can operate as primary dispersal processes in explosive submarine eruptions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Allen, S. R.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Earth Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Allen, S. R.] Univ Tasmania, Ctr Excellence Ore Deposits, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Fiske, R. S.] Smithsonian Inst MRC 119, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Cashman, K. V.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Allen, SR (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Sch Earth Sci, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM Sharon.Allen@utas.edu.au; fisker@si.edu; cashman@uoregon.edu FU Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); ARC Discovery Grant; Smithsonian Institution; NSF [EAR 206201] FX We acknowledge the at-sea support provided by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). We are indebted to the captains, crews, and operation teams of the RV Kairei and the RV Natsushima, and to Y. Tamura. This research was funded by an ARC Discovery Grant (SRA), the Smithsonian Institution (RSF), and NSF grant EAR 206201 (KVC). Thanks to W. Boylkins, T. McCoy, and T. Rose for laboratory help. Reviews by K. Kano, S Mueller, J. White, J. McPhie, N. Riggs and an anonymous reviewer improved a previous version of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2008 VL 274 IS 1-2 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.050 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 358JK UT WOS:000259912800005 ER PT J AU Dobler, G Keeton, CR Bolton, AS Burles, S AF Dobler, Gregory Keeton, Charles R. Bolton, Adam S. Burles, Scott TI Lensing probabilities for spectroscopically selected galaxy-galaxy strong lenses SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : statistics; gravitational lensing; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ACS SURVEY; MERGER REMNANTS; HUBBLE CONSTANT; TIME DELAYS; MASS; SAMPLE; STATISTICS; SUPERNOVAE; DISCOVERY AB Spectroscopic galaxy-galaxy lens searches are presently the most prolific method of identifying strong lens systems in large data sets. We study the probabilities associated with these lens searches, namely the probability of identifying a candidate with rogue [O II] emission lines in a galaxy's spectrum, and the probability that the candidate will show features of strong lensing in follow-up photometric observations. We include selection effects unique to spectroscopic data, and apply them to the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) survey. The most significant selection effect is the finite size of the spectroscopic fiber which selects against large separation lenses and results in a nonmonotonic dependence of the rogue line probability on velocity dispersion. For example, with the 3 '' diameter SDSS fiber and 2 '' FWHM seeing, we find that the probability that a given LRG has a rogue [O II] line in its spectrum decreases with velocity dispersion from 150 to 300 km s(-1) and then increases up to 400 km s(-1) for a given source size. The total probability for observing a rogue line in a single survey spectrum is similar to 0.9%-3.0%, and the total lensing rate is similar to 0.5%-1.3%. The range is due to uncertainties in the physical size of [O II] emission regions, and in the evolution of the [O II] luminosity function. Our estimates are a factor of similar to 5 higher than the results of the SLACS survey, a discrepancy which we attribute to the SLACS requirement that multiple rogue lines be observed simultaneously. C1 [Dobler, Gregory; Bolton, Adam S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Keeton, Charles R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Dobler, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gdobler@cfa.harvard.edu NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1086/589958 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349WO UT WOS:000259314200005 ER PT J AU Shu, CG Zhou, BL Bartelmann, M Comerford, JM Huang, JS Mellier, Y AF Shu, Chenggang Zhou, Binglu Bartelmann, Matthias Comerford, Julia M. Huang, J. -S. Mellier, Yannick TI Comparisons between isothermal and NFW mass profiles for strong-lensing galaxy clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies : clusters : individual (MS 2137, A370); gravitational lensing ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; GIANT LUMINOUS ARCS; DARK-MATTER; GRAVITATIONAL ARCS; DISTANT CLUSTER; ADVANCED CAMERA; ABELL-1689; STATISTICS; ABELL-370; CONSTRAINTS AB While both isothermal and NFW-based mass models for galaxy clusters are widely adopted in strong-lensing studies, they cannot easily be distinguished based solely on observed positions of arcs and arclets. We compare the magnifications predicted for giant arcs obtained from isothermal and NFW profiles, taking axially symmetric and asymmetric mass distributions into account. We find that arc magnifications can differ strongly between the two types of density profile even if the image morphology is well reproduced. Magnifications by lenses with NFW density profiles are usually larger than those for lenses with singular or nearly singular isothermal density profiles, unless the latter have large cores. Asymmetries play an important role. We illustrate our results with the two well-studied clusters, MS 2137 and A370. We confirm earlier results showing that both isothermal and NFW mass models can very well reproduce the observed arcs, radial arcs, and other arclets. While the mass model for MS 2137 is not very well constrained, the two types of mass models produce strongly differing critical curves and caustics for A370. We find that the NFW mass profile is preferred for A370. We identify new arclet candidates in the field of A370. Redshift estimates allowed by the lens model are consistent with results in the literature, where available. Three newly found counterimages are suggested to arise from an active, dust-enshrouded star-forming galaxy at z approximate to 1.1. C1 [Shu, Chenggang; Zhou, Binglu] Shanghai Normal Univ, Shanghai 200234, Peoples R China. [Shu, Chenggang; Zhou, Binglu; Bartelmann, Matthias] Univ Heidelberg, ITA, Zentrum Astron, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Shu, Chenggang] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Comerford, Julia M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huang, J. -S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mellier, Yannick] Inst Astrophys, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Shu, CG (reprint author), Shanghai Normal Univ, 100 Guilin Rd, Shanghai 200234, Peoples R China. EM cgshu@shao.ac.cn RI Bartelmann, Matthias/A-5336-2014 FU Chinese National Science Foundation [10333020, 10528307, 10778725]; 973 Program [2007CB815402]; Shanghai Science Foundations; Shanghai Municipal Education Commission [05DZ09]; National Science Foundation FX We thank Raphael Gavazzi for very helpful discussions. C. S. and B. Z. acknowledge the financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for a visit to Heidelberg University and are grateful to the Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics for its hospitality during the visit. This project is partly supported by the Chinese National Science Foundation grants 10333020, 10528307, 10778725, 973 Program grant 2007CB815402, Shanghai Science Foundations, and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission grant 05DZ09. J. M. C. acknowledges support by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 1 BP 70 EP 82 DI 10.1086/590049 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349WO UT WOS:000259314200006 ER PT J AU Peterson, DE Megeath, ST Luhman, KL Pipher, JL Stauffer, JR Navascues, DBY Wilson, JC Skrutskie, MF Nelson, MJ Smith, JD AF Peterson, Dawn E. Megeath, S. T. Luhman, K. L. Pipher, J. L. Stauffer, J. R. Barrado y Navascues, D. Wilson, J. C. Skrutskie, M. F. Nelson, M. J. Smith, J. D. TI New young brown dwarfs in the Orion Molecular Cloud 2/3 region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; open clusters and associations : individual (Orion Molecular Clouds 2 and 3, OMC 2/3); stars : formation; stars : imaging; stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs; techniques : spectroscopic ID ORION-NEBULA-CLUSTER; LOW-MASS STARS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA; T-TAURI STARS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; AGE SPREADS; FORMING REGIONS; SUBSTELLAR OBJECTS; HR DIAGRAM AB Forty new low-mass members with spectral types ranging from M4 to M9 have been confirmed in the Orion Molecular Cloud (OMC) 2/3 region. Through deep, I-, z'-, J-, H-, and K-band photometry of a 20' x 20' field in OMC 2/3, we selected brown dwarf candidates for follow-up spectroscopy. Low-resolution far-red and near-infrared spectra were obtained for the candidates, and 19 young brown dwarfs in the OMC 2/3 region are confirmed. They exhibit spectral types of M6.5-M9, corresponding to approximate masses of 0.075-0.015 M(circle dot) using the evolutionary models of Baraffe et al. At least one of these bona fide young brown dwarfs has strong H alpha emission, indicating that it is actively accreting. In addition, we confirm 21 new low-mass members with spectral types of M4-M6, corresponding to approximate masses of 0.35-0.10 M(circle dot) in OMC 2/3. By comparing pre-main-sequence tracks to the positions of the members in the H-R diagram, we find that most of the brown dwarfs are less than 1 Myr, but find a number of low-mass stars with inferred ages greater than 3 Myr. The discrepancy in the stellar and substellar ages is due to our selection of only low-luminosity sources; however, the presence of such objects implies the presence of an age spread in the OMC 2/3 region. We discuss possible reasons for this apparent age spread. C1 [Peterson, Dawn E.; Wilson, J. C.; Skrutskie, M. F.; Nelson, M. J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Megeath, S. T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Luhman, K. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Pipher, J. L.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Stauffer, J. R.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Barrado y Navascues, D.] LAEFF INTA, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. [Smith, J. D.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Peterson, DE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dpeterson@cfa.harvard.edu; megeath@physics.utoledo.edu; kluhman@astro.psu.edu; jlpipher@astro.pas.rochester.edu; stauffer@ipac.caltech.edu; david.barrado@laeff.esa.es; jcw6z@virginia.edu; mfs4n@virginia.edu; mjn4n@virginia.edu; jdtsmith@gmail.com RI Barrado Navascues, David/C-1439-2017 OI Barrado Navascues, David/0000-0002-5971-9242 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation FX Some of the observations presented here were obtained at the MMT Observatory, Whipple Observatory, W. M. Keck Observatory, Las Campanas Observatory, Mount Graham International Observatory, and Apache Point Observatory. The MMT Observatory is a joint facility of the Smithsonian Institution and the University of Arizona. The W. M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The W. M. Keck Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m telescope is owned and operated by the Astrophysical Research Consortium. In addition, this publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NR 68 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 1 BP 313 EP 332 DI 10.1086/590527 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349WO UT WOS:000259314200026 ER PT J AU Updike, AC Haislip, JB Nysewander, MC Fruchter, AS Kann, DA Klose, S Milne, PA Williams, GG Zheng, WK Hergenrother, CW Prochaska, JX Halpern, JP Mirabal, N Thorstensen, JR van der Horst, AJ Starling, RLC Racusin, JL Burrows, DN Kuin, NPM Roming, PWA Bellm, E Hurley, K Li, WD Filippenko, AV Blake, C Starr, D Falco, EE Brown, WR Dai, XY Deng, JS Xin, LP Qiu, YL Wei, JY Urata, Y Nanni, D Maiorano, E Palazzi, E Greco, G Bartolini, C Guarnieri, A Piccioni, A Pizzichini, G Terra, F Misra, K Bhatt, BC Anupama, GC Fan, X Jiang, L Wijers, RAMJ Reichart, DE Eid, HA Bryngelson, G Puls, J Goldthwaite, RC Hartmann, DH AF Updike, Adria C. Haislip, Josh B. Nysewander, Melissa C. Fruchter, Andrew S. Kann, D. Alexander Klose, Sylvio Milne, Peter A. Williams, G. Grant Zheng, Weikang Hergenrother, Carl W. Prochaska, Jason X. Halpern, Jules P. Mirabal, Nestor Thorstensen, John R. van der Horst, Alexander J. Starling, Rhaana L. C. Racusin, Judith L. Burrows, David N. Kuin, N. P. M. Roming, Peter W. A. Bellm, Eric Hurley, Kevin Li, Weidong Filippenko, Alexei V. Blake, Cullen Starr, Dan Falco, Emilio E. Brown, Warren R. Dai, Xinyu Deng, Jinsong Xin, Liping Qiu, Yulei Wei, Jianyan Urata, Yuji Nanni, Domenico Maiorano, Elisabetta Palazzi, Eliana Greco, Giuseppe Bartolini, Corrado Guarnieri, Adriano Piccioni, Adalberto Pizzichini, Graziella Terra, Federica Misra, Kuntal Bhatt, B. C. Anupama, G. C. Fan, X. Jiang, L. Wijers, Ralph A. M. J. Reichart, Daniel E. Eid, Hala A. Bryngelson, Ginger Puls, Jason Goldthwaite, R. C. Hartmann, Dieter H. TI The rapidly flaring afterglow of the very bright and energetic GRB 070125 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY-BURST; 29 MARCH 2003; AUTOMATIC IMAGING TELESCOPE; BLAST WAVE PHYSICS; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; HOST-GALAXY; LIGHT-CURVE; COSMIC REIONIZATION; SUPERNOVA LIGHT AB We report on multiwavelength observations, ranging from X-ray to radio wave bands, of the IPN-localized gamma-ray burst GRB 070125. Spectroscopic observations reveal the presence of absorption lines due to O I, Si II, and C IV, implying a likely redshift of z = 1.547. The well-sampled light curves, in particular from 0.5 to 4 days after the burst, suggest a jet break at 3.7 days, corresponding to a jet opening angle of similar to 7.0 degrees, and implying an intrinsic GRB energy in the 1-10,000 keV band of around E(gamma) = (6.3-6.9) x 10(51) ergs (based on the fluences measured by the gamma-ray detectors of the IPN). GRB 070125 is among the brightest afterglows observed to date. The SED implies a host extinction of A(V) < 0. 9 mag. Two rebrightening episodes are observed, one with excellent time coverage, showing an increase in flux of 56% in similar to 8000s. The evolution of the afterglow light curve is achromatic at all times. Late-time observations of the afterglow do not show evidence for emission from an underlying host galaxy or supernova. Any host galaxy would be subluminous, consistent with current GRB host galaxy samples. Evidence for strong Mg II absorption features is not found, which is perhaps surprising in view of the relatively high redshift of this burst and the high likelihood for such features along GRB-selected lines of sight. C1 [Updike, Adria C.; Eid, Hala A.; Bryngelson, Ginger; Puls, Jason; Goldthwaite, R. C.; Hartmann, Dieter H.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Haislip, Josh B.; Reichart, Daniel E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Nysewander, Melissa C.; Fruchter, Andrew S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kann, D. Alexander; Klose, Sylvio] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. [Milne, Peter A.; Jiang, L.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Williams, G. Grant] Univ Arizona, MMT Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zheng, Weikang; Deng, Jinsong; Xin, Liping; Qiu, Yulei; Wei, Jianyan] Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Hergenrother, Carl W.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Prochaska, Jason X.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Halpern, Jules P.; Mirabal, Nestor] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Thorstensen, John R.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Starling, Rhaana L. C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Racusin, Judith L.; Burrows, David N.; Roming, Peter W. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kuin, N. P. M.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Surrey HR5 6NT, England. [Bellm, Eric; Hurley, Kevin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Li, Weidong; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Starr, Dan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Blake, Cullen; Brown, Warren R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Falco, Emilio E.] Smithsonian Inst, Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Dai, Xinyu] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Urata, Yuji] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Urawa, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Urata, Yuji] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Nanni, Domenico; Terra, Federica] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. [Maiorano, Elisabetta; Palazzi, Eliana; Pizzichini, Graziella] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Greco, Giuseppe; Bartolini, Corrado; Guarnieri, Adriano; Piccioni, Adalberto] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Misra, Kuntal] ARIES, Naini Tal 263129, India. [Misra, Kuntal] Inter Univ Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. [Bhatt, B. C.] CREST, Bangalore 562114, Karnataka, India. [Anupama, G. C.] Indian Inst Astrophys, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India. [Wijers, Ralph A. M. J.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Updike, AC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RI Racusin, Judith/D-2935-2012; Palazzi, Eliana/N-4746-2015; Dai, Xinyu/B-5735-2011; Jiang, Linhua/H-5485-2016; OI Dai, Xinyu/0000-0001-9203-2808; Jiang, Linhua/0000-0003-4176-6486; Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808; Palazzi, Eliana/0000-0002-8691-7666; Bellm, Eric/0000-0001-8018-5348 FU NSF [AST 03-07413, AST 06-07485]; DFG [Kl 766/13-2]; Swift Guest Investigator [NNG06GJ25G]; NASA [NAS5-00136, NNG06GE69G, NNX06AI36G]; NSFC [10673014]; JPL [128043]; Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO); NASA/Swift [NNG06GI86G]; TABASGO Foundation; Sylvia and Jim Katzman Foundation; W. M. Keck Foundation FX A. C. U. and D. H. H. would like to thank Martha Leake and Matt Wood for generously sharing their SARA time with us. J. R. T. would like to acknowledge support from NSF grant AST 03-07413. D. A. K. and S. K. were supported by DFG grant Kl 766/13-2. J. P. H. acknowledges support from Swift Guest Investigator grant NNG06GJ25G. The work of P. W. A. R., D. N. B., and J. L. R. was sponsored at Pennsylvania State University by NASA contract NAS5-00136. Observations reported here were in part obtained at the MMT Observatory, a joint facility of the University of Arizona and the Smithsonian Institution. J. D., W. Z., and Y. Q. are supported by NSFC grant 10673014. E. M. and E. P. are members of the Collaborazione Italiana Burst Ottici (CIBO) and thank the staff astronomers of the TNG for the excellent support. Effort by C. W. H. was supported by a grant from NASA's Planetary Astronomy Program. R. L. C. S. acknowledges support from STFC. K. C. H. is grateful for IPN support under NASA grants NNG06GE69G and NNX06AI36G and under JPL contract 128043. The Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope is operated by ASTRON (Netherlands Foundation for Research in Astronomy) with support from the Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO). A. J. v. d. H. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at NSSTC, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. A.V.F.'s group at UC Berkeley is supported by NSF grant AST 06-07485, NASA/Swift grant NNG06GI86G, the TABASGO Foundation, and the Sylvia and Jim Katzman Foundation. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. NR 109 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 1 BP 361 EP 375 DI 10.1086/590236 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349WO UT WOS:000259314200030 ER PT J AU Altamirano, D Van Der Klis, M Mendez, M Jonker, PG Klein-Wolt, M Lewin, WHG AF Altamirano, D. Van Der Klis, M. Mendez, M. Jonker, P. G. Klein-Wolt, M. Lewin, W. H. G. TI X-ray time variability across the atoll source states of 4U 1636-53 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : close; stars : individual (4U 0614+09, 4U 1608-52, 4U 1636-53, 4U 1728-34; 4U 1820-30); stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; MICROQUASAR GRO J1655-40; ACCRETING MILLISECOND PULSAR; PROPORTIONAL COUNTER ARRAY; 4U 1608-52; NEUTRON-STAR; TIMING BEHAVIOR; BLACK-HOLE; RXTE OBSERVATIONS; PEAK SEPARATION AB We have studied the rapid X-ray time variability in 149 pointed observations with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE)'s Proportional Counter Array of the atoll source 4U 1636-53 in the banana state and, for the first time with RXTE, in the island state. We compare the frequencies of the variability components of 4U 1636-53 with those in other atoll and Z sources and find that 4U 1636-53 follows the universal scheme of correlations previously found for other atoll sources at (sometimes much) lower luminosities. Our results on the hectohertz QPO suggest that the mechanism that sets its frequency differs from that for the other components, while the amplitude-setting mechanism is common. A previously proposed interpretation of the narrow low-frequency QPO frequencies in different sources in terms of harmonic mode switching is not supported by our data or by previous data on other sources, and the frequency range that this QPO covers is found to be unrelated to spin, angular momentum, or luminosity. C1 [Altamirano, D.; Van Der Klis, M.; Mendez, M.; Klein-Wolt, M.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Altamirano, D.; Van Der Klis, M.; Mendez, M.; Klein-Wolt, M.] Ctr High Energy Astrophys, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Mendez, M.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Jonker, P. G.] Netherlands Inst Space Res, SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Jonker, P. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lewin, W. H. G.] MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Altamirano, D (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Kruislaan 403, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RI Mendez, Mariano/C-8011-2012 OI Mendez, Mariano/0000-0003-2187-2708 NR 72 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 1 BP 436 EP 450 DI 10.1086/590897 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349WO UT WOS:000259314200038 ER PT J AU Koenig, X Grindlay, JE Van den Berg, M Laycock, S Zhao, P Hong, J Schlegel, EM AF Koenig, Xavier Grindlay, Jonathan E. Van den Berg, Maureen Laycock, Silas Zhao, Ping Hong, JaeSub Schlegel, Eric M. TI Investigating ChaMPlane X-ray sources in the galactic bulge with Magellan LDSS2 spectra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : stellar content; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : activity; stars : late-type; surveys; X-rays : stars ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; ACTIVE BINARY CORONAE; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; MILKY-WAY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; ROSAT OBSERVATIONS; POINT SOURCES; PLANE; REGION AB We have carried out optical and X-ray spectral analyses on a sample of 136 candidate optical counterparts of X-ray sources found in five Galactic bulge fields included in our Chandra Multiwavelength Plane Survey. We use a combination of optical spectral fitting and quantile X-ray analysis to obtain the hydrogen column density toward each object, and a three-dimensional dust model of the Galaxy to estimate the most probable distance in each case. We present the discovery of a population of stellar coronal emission sources, likely consisting of pre-main-sequence, young main-sequence, and main-sequence stars, as well as a component of active binaries of RS CVn or BY Dra type. We identify one candidate quiescent low-mass X-ray binary with a subgiant companion; we note that this object may also be an RS CVn system. We report the discovery of three new X-ray-detected cataclysmic variables (CVs) in the direction of the Galactic center (at distances less than or similar to 2 kpc). This number is in excess of predictions made with a simple CV model based on a local CV space density of less than or similar to 10(-5) pc(-3), and a scale height similar to 200 pc. We discuss several possible reasons for this observed excess. C1 [Koenig, Xavier; Grindlay, Jonathan E.; Van den Berg, Maureen; Laycock, Silas; Zhao, Ping; Hong, JaeSub] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schlegel, Eric M.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Koenig, X (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM xkoenig@cfa.harvard.edu OI Koenig, Xavier/0000-0002-9478-4170 FU NASA/Chandra [AR1-2001X, AR2-3002A, AR3-4002A, AR4-5003A, AR6-7010X]; NSF [AST 00-98683]; Chandra X-ray Center; Long Term Survey program FX The authors would like to thank John Silverman for collecting the LDSS2 spectral data during the 2001 run; J. E. G. collected the LDSS2 spectra in the 2002 run. We also thank the two anonymous referees and Eric Feigelson, whose suggestions considerably improved the manuscript. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and the NASA Astrophysics Data System. This work is supported in part by NASA/Chandra grants AR1-2001X, AR2-3002A, AR3-4002A, AR4-5003A, and AR6-7010X, NSF grant AST 00-98683, and the Chandra X-ray Center. We thank NOAO for its support via the Long Term Survey program. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 1 BP 463 EP 477 DI 10.1086/590206 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349WO UT WOS:000259314200040 ER PT J AU Cameron, C Saio, H Kuschnig, R Walker, GAH Matthews, JM Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, SM Sasselov, D Weiss, WW AF Cameron, C. Saio, H. Kuschnig, R. Walker, G. A. H. Matthews, J. M. Guenther, D. B. Moffat, A. F. J. Rucinski, S. M. Sasselov, D. Weiss, W. W. TI MOST detects SPBe pulsations in HD 127756 and HD 217543: Asteroseismic rotation rates independent of v sin i SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : early-type; stars : emission-line; Be; stars : individual (HD 127756, HD 217543, HD 163868, beta CMi); techniques : photometric ID EMPIRICAL EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; EARLY-TYPE STARS; B-STARS; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; G-MODES; P-MODE; PHOTOMETRY; OPACITIES; OSCILLATIONS; SPACE AB The MOST (Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars) satellite has discovered SPBe (slowly pulsating Be) oscillations in the stars HD 127756 (B1/B2 Vne) and HD 217543 (B3 Vpe). For HD 127756, 30 significant frequencies are identified from 31 days of nearly continuous photometry; for HD 217543, up to 40 significant frequencies from 26 days of data. In both cases, the oscillations fall into three distinct frequency ranges, consistent with models of the stars. The variations are caused by nonradial g-modes (and possibly r-modes) distorted by rapid rotation and excited by the opacity mechanism near the iron opacity bump. A comparison of pulsation models and observed frequency groups yields a rotation frequency for each star, independently of v sin i. The rotation rates of these stars, as well as those of the SPBe stars previously discovered by MOST, HD 163868 and beta CMi, are all close to their critical values. C1 [Cameron, C.; Matthews, J. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Saio, H.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Astron Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Kuschnig, R.; Weiss, W. W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Guenther, D. B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Moffat, A. F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Rucinski, S. M.] Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. [Sasselov, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cameron, C (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM ccameron@phas.ubc.ca; saio@astr.tohuku.ac.jp; a0206892@unet.univie.ac.at; gordonwa@uvic.ca; matthews@phas.ubc.ca; guenther@ap.stmarys.ca; moffat@astro.umontreal.ca; rucinski@astro.utoronto.ca; sasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; weiss@astro.univie.ac.at FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; 21st Century COE programme of MEXT, Japan; Canadian Space Agency; Austrian Space Agency; Austrian Science Fund [P17580-N2]; FQRNT (Quebec); Walter C. Sumner Memorial Fellowship FX This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada supports the research of C. C., D. B. G., J. M. M., A. F. J. M., J. F. R., and S. M. R. H. S. is supported by the 21st Century COE programme of MEXT, Japan. R. K. is supported by the Canadian Space Agency. W. W. W. is supported by the Austrian Space Agency and the Austrian Science Fund (P17580-N2). A. F. J. M. is also supported by FQRNT (Quebec) and C. C. is partially supported by a Walter C. Sumner Memorial Fellowship. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 1 BP 489 EP 507 DI 10.1086/590369 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349WO UT WOS:000259314200042 ER PT J AU Jordan, A Bakos, GA AF Jordan, Andres Bakos, Gaspar A. TI Observability of the general relativistic precession of periastra in exoplanets SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics; planetary systems ID TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; TIME-SERIES PHOTOMETRY; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; SPECTROSCOPIC TRANSIT; SECULAR INTERACTIONS; THERMAL EMISSION; MASSIVE PLANET; KEPLER MISSION; HOT JUPITERS; HD 147506B AB The general relativistic precession rate of periastra in close-in exoplanets can be orders of magnitude larger than the magnitude of the same effect for Mercury. The realization that some of the close-in exoplanets have significant eccentricities raises the possibility that this precession might be detectable. We explore in this work the observability of the periastron precession using radial velocity and transit light curve observations. Our analysis is independent of the source of precession, which can also have significant contributions due to additional planets and tidal deformations. We find that precession of the periastra of the magnitude expected from general relativity can be detectable in timescales of less than or similar to 10 yr with current observational capabilities by measuring the change in the primary transit duration or in the time difference between primary and secondary transits. Radial velocity curves alone would be able to detect this precession for supermassive, close-in exoplanets orbiting inactive stars if they have similar to 100 data points at each of two epochs separated by similar to 20 yr. We show that the contribution to the precession by tidal deformations may dominate the total precession in cases where the relativistic precession is detectable. Studies of transit durations with Kepler might need to take into account effects arising from the general relativistic and tidal induced precession of periastra for systems containing close-in, eccentric exoplanets. Such studies may be able to detect additional planets with masses comparable to that of Earth by detecting secular variations in the transit duration induced by the changing longitude of periastron. C1 [Jordan, Andres; Bakos, Gaspar A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jordan, Andres] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. RP Jordan, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ajordan@cfa.harvard.edu; gbakos@cfa.harvard.edu OI Jordan, Andres/0000-0002-5389-3944 FU National Science Foundation [AST-0702843] FX We would like to thank the anonymous referee for helpful suggestions and Dan Fabrycky and Andras Pal for useful discussions. G. B. acknowledges support provided by the National Science Foundation through grant AST-0702843. NR 47 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 1 BP 543 EP 552 DI 10.1086/590549 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349WO UT WOS:000259314200045 ER PT J AU Bayet, E Lintott, C Viti, S Martin-Pintado, J Martin, S Williams, DA Rawlings, JMC AF Bayet, E. Lintott, C. Viti, S. Martin-Pintado, J. Martin, S. Williams, D. A. Rawlings, J. M. C. TI TRACING HIGH-DENSITY GAS IN M82 AND NGC 4038 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; galaxies: individual (Antennae, M82); ISM: molecules; stars: formation; submillimeter ID STARBURST GALAXY NGC-253; STAR-FORMATION; NEARBY GALAXIES; EXTRAGALACTIC CS; MOLECULAR GAS; EMISSION; CLOUDS; KINEMATICS; CHIMNEYS; REGIONS AB We present the first detection of CS in the Antennae galaxies toward the NGC 4038 nucleus, as well as the first detections of two high-J (5-4 and 7-6) CS lines in the center of M82. The CS(7-6) line in M82 shows a profile that is surprisingly different from those of other low-J CS transitions we observed. This implies the presence of a separate, denser and warmer molecular gas component. The derived physical properties and the likely location of the CS(7-6) emission suggest an association with the supershell in the center of M82. C1 [Bayet, E.; Viti, S.; Williams, D. A.; Rawlings, J. M. C.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Lintott, C.] Oxford Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Martin-Pintado, J.] CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Martin, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bayet, E (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. RI Martin-Pintado, Jesus/H-6107-2015 OI Martin-Pintado, Jesus/0000-0003-4561-3508 FU Leverhulme Trust; STFC AF; Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [ESP2004-00665, ESP2007-65812-C02-01]; "Comunidad de Madrid" Government [S-0505/ESP-0237] FX E. B. acknowledges financial support from the Leverhulme Trust. S. V. acknowledges individual financial support from STFC AF. This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia under projects ESP2004-00665 and ESP2007-65812-C02-01 and "Comunidad de Madrid" Government under PRICIT project S-0505/ESP-0237 (ASTROCAM). NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD SEP 20 PY 2008 VL 685 IS 1 BP L35 EP L38 DI 10.1086/592399 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398KK UT WOS:000262730800009 ER PT J AU Cheng, XY Thompson, FC AF Cheng, Xin-Yue Thompson, F. Christian TI A generic conspectus of the Microdontinae (Diptera : Syrphidae) with the description of two new genera from Africa and China SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; Syrphidae; Microdontinae; key; China; afrotropics ID GENUS; PHYLOGENY; BIOLOGY AB A new genus and species of flower flies is described from China (Furcantenna Cheng, type F. yangi Cheng). Another new genus is proposed for the Afrotropical species incorrectly placed in Ceratophya, Afromicrodon Thompson, type Microdon johannae Doesburg. A key is provided to the groups of the Subfamily Microdontinae, along with a checklist of genus-group names proposed within the subfamily and nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on them. C1 [Cheng, Xin-Yue] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Thompson, F. Christian] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cheng, XY (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM chengxy@bnu.edu.cn; chris.thompson@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation of China [30070099] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (#30070099). NR 99 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 17 PY 2008 IS 1879 BP 21 EP 48 PG 28 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 348WU UT WOS:000259241600003 ER PT J AU Fukami, H Chen, CA Budd, AF Collins, A Wallace, C Chuang, YY Chen, C Dai, CF Iwao, K Sheppard, C Knowlton, N AF Fukami, Hironobu Chen, Chaolun Allen Budd, Ann F. Collins, Allen Wallace, Carden Chuang, Yao-Yang Chen, Chienhsun Dai, Chang-Feng Iwao, Kenji Sheppard, Charles Knowlton, Nancy TI Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes Suggest that Stony Corals Are Monophyletic but Most Families of Stony Corals Are Not (Order Scleractinia, Class Anthozoa, Phylum Cnidaria) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Modern hard corals (Class Hexacorallia; Order Scleractinia) are widely studied because of their fundamental role in reef building and their superb fossil record extending back to the Triassic. Nevertheless, interpretations of their evolutionary relationships have been in flux for over a decade. Recent analyses undermine the legitimacy of traditional suborders, families and genera, and suggest that a non-skeletal sister clade (Order Corallimorpharia) might be imbedded within the stony corals. However, these studies either sampled a relatively limited array of taxa or assembled trees from heterogeneous data sets. Here we provide a more comprehensive analysis of Scleractinia (127 species, 75 genera, 17 families) and various outgroups, based on two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome b), with analyses of nuclear genes (beta-tubulin, ribosomal DNA) of a subset of taxa to test unexpected relationships. Eleven of 16 families were found to be polyphyletic. Strikingly, over one third of all families as conventionally defined contain representatives from the highly divergent "robust'' and "complex'' clades. However, the recent suggestion that corallimorpharians are true corals that have lost their skeletons was not upheld. Relationships were supported not only by mitochondrial and nuclear genes, but also often by morphological characters which had been ignored or never noted previously. The concordance of molecular characters and more carefully examined morphological characters suggests a future of greater taxonomic stability, as well as the potential to trace the evolutionary history of this ecologically important group using fossils. C1 [Fukami, Hironobu] Kyoto Univ, Seto Marine Biol Lab, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Wakayama, Japan. [Chen, Chaolun Allen; Chuang, Yao-Yang; Chen, Chienhsun] Acad Sinica, Biodivers Res Ctr, Taipei, Taiwan. [Chen, Chaolun Allen; Chuang, Yao-Yang; Chen, Chienhsun; Dai, Chang-Feng] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanography, Taipei, Taiwan. [Budd, Ann F.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Collins, Allen] Smithsonian Inst, MRC 153, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Syst Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Wallace, Carden] Museum Trop Queensland, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Iwao, Kenji] Akajima Marine Sci Lab, Okinawa, Japan. [Sheppard, Charles] Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Knowlton, Nancy] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanography, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Inst, MRC 163, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC USA. RP Fukami, H (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Seto Marine Biol Lab, Field Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Wakayama, Japan. EM knowlton@si.edu RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; DAI, CHANG-FENG/0000-0003-2242-5643 FU US NSF [DEB0344310, 0343208, 0531779]; Academia Sinica [PhD fellowships]; Genomics and Proteinomics; Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists [18770013] FX This study was supported through funding by US NSF grants to Nancy Knowlton and Ann Budd (DEB0344310, 0343208), by Academia Sinica Thematic grants (2002 2004, 2005 2007) and a Genomics and Proteinomics grant (2006 2007) to Chaolun Allen Chen, by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (No. 18770013) to Hironobu Fukami, and by a US NSF Assembling the Tree of Life grant (0531779) to Allen Collins, Daphne Fautin, and Paulyn Cartwright. Yao-Yang Chuang and Chien-Hsun Chen received PhD fellowships from the Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica. NR 37 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 4 U2 36 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 16 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 9 AR e3222 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003222 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 422LA UT WOS:000264428000005 PM 18795098 ER PT J AU Seid, MA Goode, K Li, C Traniello, JFA AF Seid, Marc A. Goode, Katarzyna Li, Christine Traniello, James F. A. TI Age- and subcaste-related patterns of serotonergic immunoreactivity in the optic lobes of the ant Pheidole dentata SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ant brain; division of labor; temporal polyethism; biogenic amines; aminergic systems; caste evolution ID DIVISION-OF-LABOR; HONEY-BEE COLONIES; APIS-MELLIFERA L.; MUSHROOM BODIES; BIOGENIC-AMINES; VISUAL-SYSTEM; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL-DOMINANCE; ANTENNAL LOBES AB Serotonin, a biogenic amine known to be a neuromodulator of insect behavior, has recently been associated with age-related patterns of task performance in the ant Pheidole dentata. We identified worker age- and subcaste-related patterns of serotonergic activity within the optic lobes of the P. dentata brain to further examine its relationship to polyethism. We found strong immunoreactivity in the optic lobes of the brains of both minor and major workers. Serotonergic cell bodies in the optic lobes increased significantly in number as major and minor workers matured. Old major workers had greater numbers of serotonergic cell bodies than minors of a similar age. This age-related increase in serotonergic immunoreactivity, as well as the presence of diffuse serotonin networks in the mushroom bodies, antennal lobes, and central complex, occurs concomitantly with an increase in the size of worker task repertoires. Our results suggest that serotonin is associated with the development of the visual system, enabling the detection of task-related stimuli outside the nest, thus playing a significant role in worker behavioral development and colony-wide division of labor. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Seid, Marc A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Seid, Marc A.; Goode, Katarzyna; Li, Christine; Traniello, James F. A.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Li, Christine] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Seid, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM seidm@si.edu NR 64 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1932-8451 J9 DEV NEUROBIOL JI Dev. Neurobiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2008 VL 68 IS 11 BP 1325 EP 1333 DI 10.1002/dneu.20663 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 347JI UT WOS:000259136100004 PM 18666203 ER PT J AU Ray, GC Hufford, GL Krupnik, II Overland, JE AF Ray, G. Carleton Hufford, Gary L. Krupnik, Igor I. Overland, James E. TI Diminishing sea ice SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID BERING-SEA C1 [Ray, G. Carleton] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Hufford, Gary L.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. [Krupnik, Igor I.] Smithsonian Inst, Arctic Studies Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ray, GC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 12 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5895 BP 1443 EP 1444 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 347DW UT WOS:000259121800015 PM 18787150 ER PT J AU Grindlay, J AF Grindlay, Jonathan TI Gamma-ray bursts - Light on the distant Universe SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Grindlay, Jonathan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Grindlay, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM josh@head.cfa.harvard.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 11 PY 2008 VL 455 IS 7210 BP 177 EP 178 DI 10.1038/455177a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 346SZ UT WOS:000259090800028 PM 18784711 ER PT J AU Musser, GG Helgen, KM Lunde, DP AF Musser, Guy G. Helgen, Kristofer M. Lunde, Darrin P. TI Systematic review of New Guinea Leptomys (Muridae, Murinae) with descriptions of two new species SO AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NEW-GUINEA; RODENTS MUROIDEA; PHALLIC MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; SPERMATOZOON; RADIATION; AUSTRALIA; REVISION AB Two new species of the endemic New Guinea rodent genus Leptomys Thomas, 1897, are described: L. paulus, indigenous to the montane forests in the Owen Stanley Range in eastern New Guinea, and L. arfakensis, known only from the Arfak Mountains on the Vogelkop Peninsula in western New Guinea. These descriptions are presented within a taxonomic review of Leptomys based on all known specimens in collections of the world's museums. In addition to the new species, the morphological attributes and geographic distributions of three others are documented. Leptomys elegans occurs in southcentral and southeastern New Guinea both north and south of the Central Cordillera, ranging from the Kikori River Basin in the west to the southern slopes of the Owen Stanley Range, then extending round to the north side of the Cordillera in the Maneau Range, and in the outlying highland block of Mount Victory. Leptomys signatus is recorded only from the Fly and Kikori River drainages south of the Central Cordillera. Leptomys ernstmayri is found in montane forests of the eastern Central Cordillera (Aroa River to Mt. Karimui), reaches to the outlying mountains on the Huon Peninsula and the Adelbert Range, and also occurs in the isolated Foja Mountains of far western New Guinea. Judged by variation in qualitative and morphometric external, cranial, and dental traits associated with available samples, L. arfakensis, n. sp., is likely more closely related to L. elegans and L. signatus, all with large bodies and relatively short tails, than to L. ernstmayri and L. paulus, n. sp., that are characterized, among other features, by smaller body size and relatively longer tails. There is significant phenetic divergence among, the geographic samples identified here as L. ernstmayri, and additional inquiry, especially utilizing data from molecular sources, is required to determine whether this intersample variation reflects the presence of separate species, each endemic to the Huon Peninsula, Adelbert Range, Central Cordillera, and possibly the Foja Mountains, or instead represents montane variation within a single morphologically variable species. C1 [Musser, Guy G.; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Lunde, Darrin P.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrate Zool Mammal, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Helgen, Kristofer M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NHB 390, Div Mammals,MRC 105, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Musser, GG (reprint author), 305 Clevington Way, Simpsonville, SC 29681 USA. EM holdenmusser@charter.net; helgenk@si.edu; lunde@amnh.org FU South Australian Museum; U.S. National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; Australian-American Fulbright Association; American Society of Mammalogists; Conservation International; Research Center for Biology; Indonesian Institute of Sciences (Puslit Biologi-LIPI) FX We thank Tim Flannery, Ken Aplin, and Don Wilson for their assistances in this project. For their generosity in providing access to collections and loaning material, we thank Sandy Ingleby and Tish Emits (AM); Eileen Westwig and Nancy Simmons (AMNH); Carla Kishinami, Kathleen Imada, and Allen Allison (BBM); Paula Jenkins and Daphne Hills (BMNH); Guiliano Doria (MSCN) Robert Palmer (CSIRO); Judy Chupasko and Mark Omura (MCZ); Rose Singadan (UPNG), Jim Anamiato and Bulisa Iova (PNGNM); Linda Gordon and Helen Kafka (USNM); and Peter Giere, Irene Thomas, and Robert Asher (ZMB). For other assistances in our travels to museums, we are especially grateful to Conan Yuan, Chris Trapani, Nathan Campeau, and Neal Evenhuis. We are grateful to Markson Yarao for use Of his unpublished manuscript on the diet of Leptomys ernstmayri, kindly provided to us by James Menzies. Tanya Leary and Pavel German shared important information regarding Leptomys signatus and L. paulus, respectively, derived from their recent fieldwork in Papua New Guinea. Peter Goldberg photographed the skulls of the AMNH specimens shown in figures 7-9. Figures I and I I are the work of Patricia J. Wynne, who also edited and transformed all the figures into electronic illustrations. Lauren Helgen assisted with the production of maps and some photographic figures. Illustrations of the holotype of L. arfakensis (figs. 6, 10 22) were professionally photographed by the Natural History Museum (London) and paid for by a grant from the South Australian Museum. Helgen's research has been supported by grants and fellowships from the U.S. National Science Foundation, Smithsonian Institution, Australian-American Fulbright Association, and American Society of Mammalogists. Helgen's fieldwork ill the Foja Mountains was funded by Conservation international, facilitated by Steve Richards, Bruce Beehler, and Yance de Fretes, and assisted by Aksamina Yohanita and the people of Kwerba Village. The survey in the Foia Mountains was supported by the Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (Puslit Biologi-LIPI). NR 93 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY-SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS DISTRIBUTION, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0003-0082 EI 1937-352X J9 AM MUS NOVIT JI Am. Mus. Novit. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 IS 3624 BP 1 EP 60 DI 10.1206/587.1 PG 60 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA 348YM UT WOS:000259246000001 ER PT J AU Siemiginowska, A LaMassa, S Aldcroft, TL Bechtold, J Elvis, M AF Siemiginowska, Aneta LaMassa, Stephanie Aldcroft, Thomas L. Bechtold, Jill Elvis, Martin TI X-ray properties of the gigahertz peaked and compact steep spectrum sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : individual; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; RADIO-QUIET QUASARS; SYMMETRIC OBJECTS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; CHANDRA DISCOVERY; ACCRETION MODELS; PARAMETER SPACE; COMPLETE SAMPLE; LOUD AGN AB We present Chandra X-ray Observatory observations of gigahertz peaked-spectrum (GPS) and compact steep spectrum (CSS) radio sources. The Chandra sample contains 13 quasars and 3 galaxies, with measured 2-10 keV X-ray luminosities within 10(42)-10(46) erg s(-1). We detect all of the sources, five of which are observed in X-rays for the first time. We study the X-ray spectral properties of the sample. The measured absorption columns in the quasars are different from those in the galaxies in that the quasars show no absorption ( with limits similar to 10(21) cm(-2)), while the galaxies have large absorption columns (> 10(22) cm(-2)) consistent with previous findings. The median photon index of the sources with a high signal-to-noise ratio is Gamma = 1.84 +/- 0.24, which is larger than the typical index of radio-loud quasars. The arcsec resolution of the Chandra telescope allows us to investigate extended X-ray emission and to look for diffuse components and X-ray jets. We found X-ray jets in two quasars (PKS 1127-145 and B2 0738+32), and an X-ray cluster surrounding a CSS quasar (3C 186; z = 1.1). We detected a possible binary structure in galaxy 0941-080 and an extended diffuse emission in galaxy PKS B1345+125. We discuss our results in the context of X-ray emission processes and radio source evolution. We conclude that the X-ray emission in these sources is most likely unrelated to a relativistic jet, although the sources' radio loudness may suggest a high radiative efficiency for the jet power in these sources. C1 [Siemiginowska, Aneta; LaMassa, Stephanie; Aldcroft, Thomas L.; Elvis, Martin] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [LaMassa, Stephanie] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bechtold, Jill] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Siemiginowska, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM asiemiginowska@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA [NAS8-39073, GO-01164X, GO2-3148A, GO5-6113X, GO-09820.01-A] FX We thank the referee for insightful comments. A. S. thanks Diana Worrall, Matteo Guainazzi, Marek Sikora, Lukasz Stawarz, and Carlo Stanghellini for discussions and comments. This research is funded in part by NASA contract NAS8-39073. Partial support for this work was provided by NASA through Chandra awards GO-01164X, GO2-3148A, and GO5-6113X, issued by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-39073. This work was supported in part by NASA grants GO-09820.01-A and NAS8-39073. NR 79 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 2 BP 811 EP 821 DI 10.1086/589437 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 343XH UT WOS:000258889000005 ER PT J AU Papadopoulos, PP Feain, IJ Wagg, J Wilner, DJ AF Papadopoulos, Padeli P. Feain, Ilana J. Wagg, Jeff Wilner, David J. TI A new twist to an old story: HE 0450-2958 and the ULIRG -> optically bright QSO transition hypothesis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : starburst; ISM : molecules quasars : individual (HE 0450-2958) ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS; RADIO-QUIET QUASAR; MOLECULAR GAS; HOST GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; BLACK-HOLE; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; LINE OBSERVATIONS; NEARBY GALAXIES AB We report on interferometric imaging of the CO J = 1-0 and J 3-2 line emission from the controversial QSO/galaxy pair HE 0450-2958. The detected CO J 1-0 line emission is found associated with the disturbed companion galaxy, not the luminous QSO, and implies M(gal)(H(2)) similar to (1-2); 10(10) M(circle dot), which is greater than or similar to 30% of the dynamical mass in its CO-luminous region. Fueled by this large gas reservoir, this galaxy is the site of an intense starburst with SFR similar to 370 M(circle dot) yr(-1), placing it firmly on the upper gas-rich/star-forming end of ultra luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs, L(IR) > 10(12) L(circle dot)). This makes HE 0450-2958 the first case of extreme starburst and powerful QSO activity, intimately linked ( triggered by a strong interaction) but not coincident. The lack of CO emission toward the QSO itself renews the controversy regarding its host galaxy by making a gas-rich spiral ( the typical host of narrow-line Seyfert 1 AGNs) less likely. Finally, given that HE 0450-2958 and similar IR-warm QSOs are considered typical ULIRG -> optically bright QSO transition candidates, our results raise the possibility that some may simply be gas-rich/gas-poor (e. g., spiral/elliptical) galaxy interactions which "activate'' an optically bright unobscured QSO in the gas-poor galaxy, and a starburst in the gas-rich one. We argue that such interactions may have gone largely unnoticed even in the local universe because the combination of tools necessary to disentangle the progenitors (high-resolution and S/N optical and CO imaging) became available only recently. C1 [Papadopoulos, Padeli P.] Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Feain, Ilana J.] CSIRO Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Wagg, Jeff] NRAO, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Wilner, David J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Papadopoulos, PP (reprint author), Argelander Inst Astron, Auf Hugel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM padeli@astro.uni-bonn.de; Ilana.Feain@csiro.au; jwagg@nrao.edu; dwilner@cfa.harvard.edu FU Max-Planck Society; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO FX Jeff Wagg is grateful for support from the Max-Planck Society and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. The anonymous referee is gratefully acknowledged for numerous suggestions that greatly clarified the original document. We also thank all the people that operate and maintain ATCA and in particular its 3 mm receivers for their dedicated support. Padelis Papadopoulos thanks Karl Jesienowski aboard the Undersea Explorer for great conversations, and Marcella Carollo for bringing this controversial object to his attention. Last but not least he would like to thank Margarita Zakalkas for inspiration during his time in Zurich. The Australia Telescope is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 2 BP 845 EP 852 DI 10.1086/590233 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 343XH UT WOS:000258889000009 ER PT J AU Kocsis, B Haiman, Z Menou, K AF Kocsis, Bence Haiman, Zoltan Menou, Kristen TI Premerger localization of gravitational wave standard sirens with LISA: Triggered search for an electromagnetic counterpart SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory; galaxies : clusters : general; large-scale structure of universe ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; GALAXY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GALACTIC NUCLEI; COMPACT BINARIES; MERGER HISTORY; VELOCITY DISPERSION; CIRCUMBINARY DISK; GAS DISK; ACCRETION; MASS AB Electromagnetic ( EM) counterparts to SMBH binary mergers observed by LISA can be localized to within the field of view of astronomical instruments (similar to 10 deg(2)) hours to weeks prior to coalescence. The temporal coincidence of any prompt EM counterpart with a gravitationally timed merger may offer the best chance of identifying a unique host galaxy. We discuss the challenges posed by searches for such prompt EM counterparts and propose novel observational strategies to address them. In particular, we discuss the size and shape evolution of the LISA localization error ellipses on the sky and quantify the corresponding requirements for dedicated EM surveys of the area prior to coalescence. A triggered EM counterpart search campaign will require monitoring a several square degree area. It could aim for variability at the 24-27 mag level in optical bands, for example, which corresponds to 1%-10% of the Eddington luminosity of the prime LISA sources of similar to 10(6)-10(7) M-circle dot BHs at z = 1-2, on timescales of minutes to hours, the orbital timescale of the binary in the last 2-4 weeks of coalescence. A cross-correlation of the period of any variable EM signal with the quasi-periodic gravitational waveform over 10-1000 cycles may aid the detection. Alternatively, EM searches can detect a transient signal accompanying the coalescence. The triggered searches will be ambitious, but if they successfully identify a unique prompt EM counterpart, they will enable new fundamental tests of gravitational physics. We highlight the measurement of differences in the arrival times of photons and gravitons from the same cosmological source as a valuable independent test of the massive character of gravity and of possible violations of Lorentz invariance in the gravity sector. C1 [Kocsis, Bence] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kocsis, Bence] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Phys, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. [Haiman, Zoltan] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Menou, Kristen] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Kocsis, B (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bkocsis@cfa.harvard.edu; zoltan@astro.columbia.edu; kristen@astro.columbia.edu RI Kocsis, Bence/C-3061-2013 OI Kocsis, Bence/0000-0002-4865-7517 FU ITC at Harvard University; Oveges Jozsef Fellowship; OTKA [68228]; National Science Foundation (at KITP) [PHY05-51164]; NASA [NNG04GI88G]; NSF [AST 05-07161]; Polanyi Program of the Hungarian National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH) FX We thank Alessandra Buonanno, Scott Hughes, Frans Pretorius, Abraham Loeb, and Andras Pal for helpful discussions and Zsolt Frei, Ryan Lang, Daniel Chung, and George Djorgovski for useful comments on the manuscript. B. K. acknowledges support from the ITC at Harvard University, the Oveges Jozsef Fellowship, and OTKA grant 68228. K. M. was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant PHY05-51164 (at KITP). Z. H. acknowledges partial support by NASA through grant NNG04GI88G, by the NSF through grant AST 05-07161, and by the Polanyi Program of the Hungarian National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH). NR 103 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 2 BP 870 EP 887 DI 10.1086/590230 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 343XH UT WOS:000258889000012 ER PT J AU Sakamoto, K Wang, JZ Wiedner, MC Wang, Z Peck, AB Zhang, Q Petitpas, GR Ho, PTP Wilner, DJ AF Sakamoto, Kazushi Wang, Junzhi Wiedner, Martina C. Wang, Zhong Peck, Alison B. Zhang, Qizhou Petitpas, Glen R. Ho, Paul T. P. Wilner, David J. TI Submillimeter Array imaging of the CO(3-2) line and 860 mu m continuum of Arp 220: Tracing the spatial distribution of luminosity SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : individual (Arp 220); galaxies : ISM; galaxies : starburst; quasars : general ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MASSIVE STAR-CLUSTERS; DENSE MOLECULAR GAS; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-VELOCITY GAS; ARP 220; DOUBLE NUCLEUS; IRAS GALAXIES; STARBURST GALAXIES AB We used the Submillimeter Array (SMA) to image 860 mu m continuum and CO(3-2) line emission in the ultra-luminous merging galaxy Arp 220, achieving a resolution of 0.23 '' (80 pc) for the continuum and 0.33 '' (120 pc) for the line. The CO emission peaks around the two merger nuclei with a velocity signature of gas rotation around each nucleus and is also detected in a kiloparsec-size disk encompassing the binary nucleus. The dust continuum, in contrast, is mostly from the two nuclei. The beam-averaged brightness temperature of both line and continuum emission exceeds 50 K at and around the nuclei, revealing the presence of warm molecular gas and dust. The dust emission morphologically agrees with the distribution of radio supernova features in the east nucleus, as expected when a starburst heats the nucleus. In the brighter west nucleus, however, the submillimeter dust emission is more compact than the supernova distribution. The 860 mu m core, after deconvolution, has a size of 50-80 pc, consistent with recent 1.3 mm observations, and a peak brightness temperature of (0.9-1.6) x 10(2) K. Its bolometric luminosity is at least 2x10(11) L(circle dot) and could be similar to 10(12) L(circle dot) depending on source structure and 860 mu m opacity, which we estimate to be of the order of tau(860) similar to 1 (i.e., N(H2) similar to 10(25) cm(-2)). The starbursting west nuclear disk must have in its center a dust enshrouded AGN or a very young starburst equivalent to hundreds of super star clusters. Further spatial mapping of bolometric luminosity through submillimeter imaging is a promising way to identify the heavily obscured heating sources in Arp 220 and other luminous infrared galaxies. C1 [Sakamoto, Kazushi; Peck, Alison B.; Petitpas, Glen R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Sakamoto, Kazushi] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Sakamoto, Kazushi; Ho, Paul T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Wang, Junzhi; Wiedner, Martina C.; Wang, Zhong; Zhang, Qizhou; Ho, Paul T. P.; Wilner, David J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wang, Junzhi] Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Wiedner, Martina C.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Peck, Alison B.] ALMA JAO, Santiago, Chile. RP Sakamoto, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 93 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 2 BP 957 EP 977 DI 10.1086/590484 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 343XH UT WOS:000258889000016 ER PT J AU Shetty, R Ostriker, EC AF Shetty, Rahul Ostriker, Eve C. TI Cloud and star formation in disk galaxy models with feedback SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : ISM; ISM : clouds; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; stars : formation; turbulence ID RADIATION MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CODE; GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS; GALACTIC GAS DISKS; 2 SPACE DIMENSIONS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; FORMING GALAXIES; GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE; ASTROPHYSICAL FLOWS AB We include feedback in global hydrodynamic simulations in order to study the star formation properties, and gas structure and dynamics, in models of galactic disks. In previous work we studied the growth of clouds and spiral substructure due to gravitational instability. We extend these models by implementing feedback in gravitationally bound clouds; momentum ( due to massive stars) is injected at a rate proportional to the star formation rate. This mechanical energy disperses cloud gas back into the surrounding interstellar medium, truncating star formation in a given cloud and raising the overall level of ambient turbulence. Propagating star formation can however occur as expanding shells collide, enhancing the density and triggering new cloud and star formation. By controlling the momentum injection per massive star and the specific star formation rate in dense gas, we find that the negative effects of high turbulence outweigh the positive ones, and in net, feedback reduces the fraction of dense gas and, thus, the overall star formation rate. The properties of the large clouds that form are not, however, very sensitive to feedback, with cutoff masses of a few million M-circle dot, similar to observations. We find a relationship between the star formation rate surface density and the gas surface density with a power-law index similar to 2 for our models with the largest dynamic range, consistent with theoretical expectations for our model of disk flaring. We point out that the value of the "Kennicutt-Schmidt'' index found in numerical simulations (and likely in nature) depends on the thickness of the disk, and therefore, a self-consistent determination must include turbulence and resolve the vertical structure. With our simple feedback prescription ( a single combined star formation event per cloud), we find that global spiral patterns are not sustained; less correlated feedback and smaller scale turbulence appear to be necessary for spiral patterns to persist. C1 [Shetty, Rahul; Ostriker, Eve C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shetty, Rahul] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shetty, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rshetty@cfa.harvard.edu; ostriker@astro.umd.edu NR 60 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 2 BP 978 EP 995 DI 10.1086/590383 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 343XH UT WOS:000258889000017 ER PT J AU Narayanan, D Cox, TJ Shirley, Y Dave, R Hernquist, L Walker, CK AF Narayanan, Desika Cox, Thomas J. Shirley, Yancy Dave, Romeel Hernquist, Lars Walker, Christopher K. TI Molecular star formation rate indicators in galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : ISM; galaxies : starburst; ISM : molecules; radio lines : galaxies; radio lines : ISM; stars : formation ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; YOUNG PROTOSTELLAR SYSTEMS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; IRAS 1-JY SAMPLE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; MERGER REMNANTS; APM 08279+5255 AB We derive a physical model for the observed relations between star formation rate (SFR) and molecular line (CO and HCN) emission in galaxies and show how these observed relations are reflective of the underlying star formation law. We do this by combining 3D non-LTE radiative transfer calculations with hydrodynamic simulations of isolated disk galaxies and galaxy mergers. We demonstrate that the observed SFR-molecular line relations are driven by the relationship between molecular line emission and gas density and anchored by the index of the underlying Schmidt law controlling the SFR in the galaxy. Lines with low critical densities (e. g., CO J = 1-0) are typically thermalized and trace the gas density faithfully. In these cases, the SFR will be related to line luminosity with an index similar to the Schmidt law index. Lines with high critical densities greater than the mean density of most of the emitting clouds in a galaxy (e. g., CO J = 3-2, HCN J = 1-0) will have only a small amount of thermalized gas and consequently a superlinear relationship between molecular line luminosity (L-mol) and mean gas density ((n) over bar). This results in an SFR line luminosity index less than the Schmidt index for high critical density tracers. One observational consequence of this is a significant redistribution of light from the small pockets of dense, thermalized gas to diffuse gas along the line of sight, and prodigious emission from subthermally excited gas. At the highest star formation rates, the SFR-L-mol slope tends to the Schmidt index, regardless of the molecular transition. The fundamental relation is the Kennicutt-Schmidt law, rather than the relation between SFR and molecular line luminosity. Our model for SFR-molecular line relations quantitatively reproduces the slopes of the observed SFR-CO (J = 1-0), CO (J = 3-2), and HCN (J = 1-0) relations when a Schmidt law with index of similar to 1.5 describes the SFR. We use these results to make imminently testable predictions for the SFR-molecular line relations of unobserved transitions. C1 [Narayanan, Desika; Shirley, Yancy; Dave, Romeel; Walker, Christopher K.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cox, Thomas J.; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Narayanan, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; Keck Foundation; NASA [HST-AR-10308, NAS5-26555] FX We thank Mark Krumholz and Todd Thompson for detailed comments on a previous version of this text. We are grateful to R. Shane Bussmann, Sukanya Chakrabarti, Kristian Finlator, Brandon Kelly, Rob Kennicutt, Craig Kulesa, Yuexing Li, Chris Martin, Dominik Riechers, Nick Scoville, and A. Sternberg for conversations that helped progress this work. Conversations with Joop Schaye helped clarify much of the presentation in this work. We also thank Christine Wilson for alerting us to an error in an early draft of this work. D. N. was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship during part of this study. Support for this work was provided in part by the Keck Foundation. Support for this work was also provided by NASA through grant HST-AR-10308 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. The calculations were performed in part at the Center for Parallel Astrophysical Computing at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. NR 71 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 2 BP 996 EP 1008 DI 10.1086/588720 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 343XH UT WOS:000258889000018 ER PT J AU Milisavljevic, D Fesen, RA Leibundgut, B Kirshner, RP AF Milisavljevic, Dan Fesen, Robert A. Leibundgut, Bruno Kirshner, Robert P. TI The evolution of late-time optical emission from SN 1986J SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; supernova remnants; supernovae : general ID SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; RICH SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS; PULSAR NEBULA; SN-1986J; COMPONENT; SN1986J; SPECTRA; NGC-891; YOUNG AB We present late-time optical images and spectra of the Type IIn supernova SN 1986J. HST ACS/WFC images obtained in 2003 February show it to be still relatively bright, with m(F606W) = 21.4 and m(F814W) = 20.0 mag. Compared to 1994 December HST WFPC2 images, SN1986J shows a decline of only less than or similar to 1 mag in brightness over 8 years. Ground-based spectra taken in 1989, 1991, and 2007 show a 50% decline in H alpha emission between 1989 and 1991, and an order of magnitude drop between 1991 and 2007, along with the disappearance of He I line emissions during the period 1991-2007. The object's [O I] lambda lambda 6300, 6364, [O II] lambda lambda 7319, 7330 and [O III] lambda lambda 4959, 5007 emission lines show two prominent peaks near -1000 and -3500 km s(-1), with the more blueshifted component declining significantly in strength between 1991 and 2007. The observed spectral evolution suggests two different origins for SN 1986J's late-time optical emission: dense, shock-heated circumstellar material, which gave rise to the initially bright H alpha, He I, and [N II] lambda 5755 lines, and reverse-shock-heated O-rich ejecta on the facing expanding hemisphere, dominated by two large clumps generating two blueshifted emission peaks in the [O I], [O II], and [O III] lines. C1 [Milisavljevic, Dan; Fesen, Robert A.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Leibundgut, Bruno] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Kirshner, Robert P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Milisavljevic, D (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. FU Canadian NSERC FX We thank R. Chevalier and M. Bietenholz for helpful comments on an earlier draft. This research was supported in part by a Canadian NSERC award to D. M. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 2 BP 1170 EP 1173 DI 10.1086/590426 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 343XH UT WOS:000258889000029 ER PT J AU Schnee, S Li, J Goodman, AA Sargent, AI AF Schnee, S. Li, J. Goodman, A. A. Sargent, A. I. TI Dust emission from the Perseus molecular cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; ISM : clouds; surveys ID INFRARED-EMISSION; INTERSTELLAR DUST; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; SILICATE GRAINS; COLUMN DENSITY; COLD DUST; MU-M; MAPS; TEMPERATURE; SPITZER AB Using far-infrared emission maps taken by IRAS and Spitzer and a near-infrared extinction map derived from 2MASS data, we have made dust temperature and column density maps of the Perseus molecular cloud. We show that the emission from transiently heated very small grains (VSGs) and the big grain dust emissivity vary as a function of extinction and dust temperature, with higher dust emissivities for colder grains. This variable emissivity cannot be explained by temperature gradients along the line of sight or by noise in the emission maps, but it is consistent with grain growth in the higher density and lower temperature regions. By accounting for the variations in the dust emissivity and VSG emission, we are able to map the temperature and column density of a nearbymolecular cloud with better accuracy than has previously been possible. C1 [Schnee, S.; Sargent, A. I.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Li, J.; Goodman, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schnee, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, 770 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM schnee@astro.caltech.edu RI Goodman, Alyssa/A-6007-2010 OI Goodman, Alyssa/0000-0003-1312-0477 FU National Science Foundation [AST 05-40399, AST-0407172] FX We would like to thank our anonymous referee for substantially improving the scope and clarity of this paper. Scott Schnee acknowledges support from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, which is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant AST 05-40399. Alyssa Goodman acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under grant AST-0407172. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 2 BP 1228 EP 1239 DI 10.1086/590375 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 343XH UT WOS:000258889000034 ER PT J AU Enoch, ML Evans, NJ Sargent, AI Glenn, J Rosolowsky, E Myers, P AF Enoch, Melissa L. Evans, Neal J., II Sargent, Anneila I. Glenn, Jason Rosolowsky, Erik Myers, Philip TI The mass distribution and lifetime of prestellar cores in Perseus, Serpens, and Ophiuchus SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : ISM; ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (ophiuchus, perseus, serpens); stars : formation; submillimeter ID SPITZER C2D SURVEY; DUST CONTINUUM EMISSION; TURBULENT MOLECULAR CLOUDS; PRE-PROTOSTELLAR CORES; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; STAR-FORMATION; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; LEGACY CLOUDS; DENSE CORES; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS AB We present an unbiased census of starless cores in Perseus, Serpens, and Ophiuchus, assembled by comparing large-scale Bolocam 1.1 mm continuum emission maps with Spitzer c2d surveys. We use the c2d catalogs to separate 108 starless from 92 protostellar cores in the 1.1 mm core samples from Enoch and Young and their coworkers. A comparison of these populations reveals the initial conditions of the starless cores. Starless cores in Perseus have similar masses but larger sizes and lower densities on average than protostellar cores, with sizes that suggest density profiles substantially flatter than rho alpha r(-2). By contrast, starless cores in Serpens are compact and have lower masses than protostellar cores; future star formation will likely result in lower mass objects than the currently forming protostars. Comparison to dynamical masses estimated from the NH3 survey of Perseus cores by Rosolowsky and coworkers suggests that most of the starless cores are likely to be gravitationally bound, and thus prestellar. The combined prestellar core mass distribution includes 108 cores and has a slope of alpha = -2.3 +/- 0.4 for M > 0.8 M-circle dot. This slope is consistent with recent measurements of the stellar initial mass function, providing further evidence that stellar masses are directly linked to the core formation process. We place a lower limit on the core-to-star efficiency of 25%. There are approximately equal numbers of prestellar and protostellar cores in each cloud; thus the dense prestellar core lifetime must be similar to the lifetime of embedded protostars, or 4.5 x 10(5) yr, with a total uncertainty of a factor of 2. Such a short lifetime suggests a dynamic, rather than quasi-static, core evolution scenario, at least at the relatively high mean densities (n > 2 x 10(4) cm(-3)) to which we are sensitive. C1 [Enoch, Melissa L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Enoch, Melissa L.; Sargent, Anneila I.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Evans, Neal J., II] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Glenn, Jason] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rosolowsky, Erik] Univ British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. [Rosolowsky, Erik; Myers, Philip] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Enoch, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM menoch@astro.berkeley.edu FU NASA [NNG04GG24G]; NSF [AST 99-80846, AST 02-06158] FX The authors are grateful to Jens Kauffman and Jason Kirk for their insightful comments and suggestions, and to the anonymous referee for raising questions and issues that helped to improve this work. Support for this work, part of the Spitzer Legacy Science Program, was provided by NASA through contracts 1224608 and 1230782 issued by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under NASA contract 1407. Additional support was provided by NASA through the Spitzer Space Telescope Fellowship Program and obtained from NASA Origins grant NNG04GG24G to the University of Texas at Austin. Support for the development of Bolocam was provided by NSF grants AST 99-80846 and AST 02-06158. M. L. E. acknowledges support of a Caltech Moore Fellowship and a Spitzer Space Telescope Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 86 TC 177 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 2 BP 1240 EP 1259 DI 10.1086/589963 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 343XH UT WOS:000258889000035 ER PT J AU Machalek, P McCullough, PR Burke, CJ Valenti, JA Burrows, A Hora, JL AF Machalek, Pavel McCullough, Peter R. Burke, Christopher J. Valenti, Jeff A. Burrows, Adam Hora, Joseph L. TI Thermal emission of exoplanet XO-1b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; infrared : stars; planetary systems; stars : individual (XO-1) ID EXTRASOLAR PLANET ATMOSPHERE; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LIGHT CURVES; HD 189733B; GIANT PLANETS; HOT JUPITERS; WATER-VAPOR; SPECTRA; TRANSIT; INVERSION AB We estimate flux ratios of the extrasolar planet XO-1b to its host star XO-1 at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 mu m with IRAC on the Spitzer Space Telescope to be 0.00086 +/- 0.00007, 0.00122 +/- 0.00009, 0.00261 +/- 0.00031, and 0.00210 +/- 0.00029, respectively. The fluxes are inconsistent with a canonical cloudless model for the thermal emission from a planet and suggest an atmosphere with a thermal inversion layer and a possible stratospheric absorber. A newly emerging correlation between the presence of a thermal inversion layer in the planetary atmosphere and stellar insolation of the planet, as by Burrows and colleagues, is refined. The substellar point flux from the parent star at XO-1b of similar to 0.49; 10(9) erg cm(-2) s(-1) sets a new lower limit for the occurrence of a thermal inversion in a planetary atmosphere. C1 [Machalek, Pavel] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Machalek, Pavel; McCullough, Peter R.; Burke, Christopher J.; Valenti, Jeff A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Burrows, Adam] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hora, Joseph L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Machalek, P (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM pavel@jhu.edu OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 FU Spitzer Science Center [C4030]; NASA [NAG5-10760, NNG04GL22G] FX The authors would like to thank J. E. Stys, R. Gilliland, C. M. Johns-Krull, and K. A. Janes for helpful discussions. The authors would also like to acknowledge the use of publicly available routines by Eric Agol and Levenberg-Marquardt least-squares minimization routine MPFITFUN by Craig Markwardt. P. M. and P. R. M. were supported by the Spitzer Science Center Grant C4030 to the Space Telescope Science Institute. A. B. was supported in part by NASA under grants NAG5-10760 and NNG04GL22G. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. This publication also makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. The authors would like to thank the reviewer Drake Deming for his helpful comments which have substantially improved the manuscript. NR 33 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 2 BP 1427 EP 1432 DI 10.1086/590140 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 343XH UT WOS:000258889000053 ER PT J AU Acciari, VA Aliu, E Beilicke, M Benbow, W Bottcher, M Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Butt, Y Celik, O Cesarini, A Ciupik, L Chow, YCK Cogan, P Colin, P Cui, W Daniel, MK Ergin, T Falcone, AD Fegan, SJ Finley, JP Finnegan, G Fortin, P Fortson, LF Furniss, A Gall, D Gillanders, GH Grube, J Guenette, R Gyuk, G Hanna, D Hays, E Holder, J Horan, D Hui, CM Humensky, TB Imran, A Kaaret, P Karlsson, N Kertzman, M Kieda, DB Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Lee, K Maier, G McCann, A McCutcheon, M Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Nagai, T Niemiec, J Ong, RA Pandel, D Perkins, JS Petry, D Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Roache, E Rose, HJ Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Smith, AW Steele, D Swordy, SP Toner, JA Vassiliev, VV Wagner, R Wakely, SP Ward, JE Weekes, TC Weinstein, A White, RJ Williams, DA Wissel, SA Wood, M Zitzer, B AF Acciari, V. A. Aliu, E. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Boettcher, M. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Butt, Y. Celik, O. Cesarini, A. Ciupik, L. Chow, Y. C. K. Cogan, P. Colin, P. Cui, W. Daniel, M. K. Ergin, T. Falcone, A. D. Fegan, S. J. Finley, J. P. Finnegan, G. Fortin, P. Fortson, L. F. Furniss, A. Gall, D. Gillanders, G. H. Grube, J. Guenette, R. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Hays, E. Holder, J. Horan, D. Hui, C. M. Humensky, T. B. Imran, A. Kaaret, P. Karlsson, N. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. B. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Lee, K. Maier, G. McCann, A. McCutcheon, M. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Nagai, T. Niemiec, J. Ong, R. A. Pandel, D. Perkins, J. S. Petry, D. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. Rose, H. J. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Smith, A. W. Steele, D. Swordy, S. P. Toner, J. A. Vassiliev, V. V. Wagner, R. Wakely, S. P. Ward, J. E. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. White, R. J. Williams, D. A. Wissel, S. A. Wood, M. Zitzer, B. TI VERITAS discovery of > 200 GeV gamma-ray emission from the intermediate-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object W Comae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (W Comae); gamma rays : observations ID HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; RADIO-SOURCES; EGRET; ASTRONOMY; SPECTRA; BLAZARS AB We report the detection of very high energy gamma- ray emission from the intermediate- frequency- peaked BL Lacertae object W Comae (z = 0.102) by VERITAS. The source was observed between 2008 January and April. A strong outburst of gamma-ray emission was measured in the middle of March, lasting for only 4 days. The energy spectrum measured during the two highest flare nights is fit by a power law and is found to be very steep, with a differential photon spectral index of Gamma = 3.81 +/- 0.35(stat) +/- 0.34(syst). The integral photon flux above 200 GeV during those two nights corresponds to roughly 9% of the flux from the Crab Nebula. Quasi-simultaneous Swift observations at X-ray energies were triggered by the VERITAS observations. The spectral energy distribution of the flare data can be described by synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) or external Compton (EC) leptonic jet models. C1 [Beilicke, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Krawczynski, H.; Lee, K.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Ergin, T.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Bradbury, S. M.; Daniel, M. K.; Rose, H. J.; Smith, A. W.; White, R. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Hays, E.; Horan, D.; Wagner, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Celik, O.; Chow, Y. C. K.; Fegan, S. J.; Ong, R. A.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Weinstein, A.; Wood, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ciupik, L.; Fortson, L. F.; Gyuk, G.; Karlsson, N.; Steele, D.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Cui, W.; Finley, J. P.; Gall, D.; Konopelko, A.; Sembroski, G. H.; Zitzer, B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Imran, A.; Krennrich, F.; Nagai, T.; Niemiec, J.; Pohl, M.; Schroedter, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Humensky, T. B.; Reyes, L. C.; Swordy, S. P.; Wakely, S. P.; Wissel, S. A.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Colin, P.; Finnegan, G.; Hui, C. M.; Kieda, D. B.; LeBohec, S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Cogan, P.; Guenette, R.; Hanna, D.; Maier, G.; McCutcheon, M.; Ragan, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Grube, J.; Quinn, J.; Ward, J. E.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Fortin, P.; Mukherjee, R.] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kertzman, M.] Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Furniss, A.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Furniss, A.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Pandel, D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Reynolds, P. T.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. [Acciari, V. A.; Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Cesarini, A.; Gillanders, G. H.; Lang, M. J.; Toner, J. A.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Falcone, A. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Aliu, E.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Butt, Y.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Petry, D.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Boettcher, M.] Ohio Univ, Inst Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Acciari, V. A.; Benbow, W.; Cesarini, A.; Hays, E.; Perkins, J. S.; Smith, A. W.; Toner, J. A.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. RP Beilicke, M (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM beilicke@physics.wustl.edu RI Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; OI Ward, John E/0000-0003-1973-0794; Pandel, Dirk/0000-0003-2085-5586 FU US Department of Energy; US National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; NSERC in Canada; Science Foundation Ireland; PPARC in the UK FX This research is supported by grants from the US Department of Energy, the US National Science Foundation, and the Smithsonian Institution, by NSERC in Canada, by Science Foundation Ireland, and by PPARC in the UK. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the FLWO and the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument. We acknowledge the efforts of the Swift team for providing the UVOT/XRT observations. We thank James Bedient of the AAVSO for his V- and I-band data on W Com. NR 30 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD SEP 10 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 2 BP L73 EP L77 DI 10.1086/592244 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 345RS UT WOS:000259014700005 ER PT J AU Burns, JR Pecio, A Weitzman, SH AF Burns, John R. Pecio, Anna Weitzman, Stanley H. TI Sperm and spermatozeugma structure in Xenurobrycon (Teleostei : Characidae : Stevardiinae : Xenurobryconini) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID MIMAGONIATES-BARBERI TELEOSTEI; GLANDULOCAUDINAE; TESTIS; FISH; ULTRASTRUCTURE; MORPHOLOGY AB The main purpose of this study was to describe the morphology of the sperm packets produced by species in the genus Xenurobrycon. Males of the three species analyzed, X. mucropus, X. polyancistrus, and X. heterodon, produce unencapsulated sperm bundles (spermatozeugmata) that are essentially identical in morphology. In longitudinal histological sections, each spermatozeugma is feather-like, with the tips of the sperm heads associated with a core that stains with the periodic acid-Schiff reagent (PAS+). As revealed by SEM, sperm heads are exposed only at the anterior end of the packet. Flagella cover the remainder of the packet and form a "tail" at the posterior end. The flagellum probably exits from a cytoplasmic collar at one side of the flattened sperm head, which tapers posteriorly. Spermatozeugmata are formed within the spermatocysts and only complete packets are released into the sperm ducts. Very few loose spermatozoa are seen within these ducts, attesting to the high degree of compactness of these sperm bundles. Insemination is confirmed in a specimen of X. macropus, whose ovary contained spermatozeugmata, demonstrating that Intact packets can be transferred to the ovary by the male. A lateral flagellum, which is present in the xenurobryconin genera Scopaeocharax, Tyttocharax, and Xenurobrycon, may prove to be a synapomorphy for the entire tribe Xenurobryconini. In addition to providing information on reproductive morphology in these species, the results also demonstrate the potential use of characters obtained from such microscopic analyses in phylogenetic studies. C1 [Burns, John R.] George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Pecio, Anna] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Zool, Dept Comparat Anat, PL-30060 Krakow, Poland. [Weitzman, Stanley H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Fishes, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Burns, JR (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM jrburns@gwu.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 10 PY 2008 IS 3 BP 656 EP 660 DI 10.1643/CG-07-143 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 349SF UT WOS:000259302900023 ER PT J AU Espinoza, RE de Queiroz, K AF Espinoza, Robert E. de Queiroz, Kevin TI Richard Emmett Etheridge SO COPEIA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Espinoza, Robert E.] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Biol, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [de Queiroz, Kevin] Smithsonian Inst, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Espinoza, RE (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Biol, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM robert.e.espinoza@csun.edu; dequeirozk@si.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 10 PY 2008 IS 3 BP 708 EP 717 DI 10.1643/OT-08-090 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 349SF UT WOS:000259302900030 ER PT J AU Mathis, WN AF Mathis, Wayne N. TI Two new neotropical genera of the shore-fly tribe Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera : Ephydridae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Ephydridae; Ephydrini; Neotropical Region; new genera and two new species ID FLIES; NORTH AB Two new shore-fly genera, Paraephydra gen. nov. and Neoephydra gen. nov., from the Neotropical Region are described. Paraephydra is revised and includes P. freitasi (Oliveira), comb. nov. and P. stauros, sp. nov. For the genus Neoephydra, N. araucaria, sp. nov., is described and new combinations are made for most Neotropical species previously placed in Dimecoenia. The tribe Ephydrini is characterized and a key to the genera of this tribe is presented. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mathis, WN (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 169, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mathisw@si.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 10 PY 2008 IS 1874 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 346YV UT WOS:000259106400001 ER PT J AU Harshman, J Braun, EL Braun, MJ Huddleston, CJ Bowie, RCK Chojnowski, JL Hackett, SJ Han, KL Kimball, RT Marks, BD Miglia, KJ Moore, WS Reddy, S Sheldon, FH Steadman, DW Steppan, SJ Witt, CC Yuri, T AF Harshman, John Braun, Edward L. Braun, Michael J. Huddleston, Christopher J. Bowie, Rauri C. K. Chojnowski, Jena L. Hackett, Shannon J. Han, Kin-Lan Kimball, Rebecca T. Marks, Ben D. Miglia, Kathleen J. Moore, William S. Reddy, Sushma Sheldon, Frederick H. Steadman, David W. Steppan, Scott J. Witt, Christopher C. Yuri, Tamaki TI Phylogenomic evidence for multiple losses of flight in ratite birds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE convergence; flightlessness; paleognath; homoplasy; vicariance biogeography ID WHOLE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES; MIXED MODELS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; GENE; PHYLOGENETICS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; INFERENCE; TREE; INCONGRUENCE AB Ratites (ostriches, emus, rheas, cassowaries, and kiwis) are large, flightless birds that have long fascinated biologists. Their current distribution on isolated southern land masses is believed to reflect the breakup of the paleocontinent of Gondwana. The prevailing view is that ratites are monophyletic, with the flighted tinamous as their sister group, suggesting a single loss of flight in the common ancestry of ratites. However, phylogenetic analyses of 20 unlinked nuclear genes reveal a genome-wide signal that unequivocally places tinamous within ratites, making ratites polyphyletic and suggesting multiple losses of flight. Phenomena that can mislead phylogenetic analyses, including long branch attraction, base compositional bias, discordance between gene trees and species trees, and sequence alignment errors, have been eliminated as explanations for this result. The most plausible hypothesis requires at least three losses of flight and explains the many morphological and behavioral similarities among ratites by parallel or convergent evolution. Finally, this phylogeny demands fundamental reconsideration of proposals that relate ratite evolution to continental drift. C1 [Braun, Edward L.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Han, Kin-Lan; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Yuri, Tamaki] Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Harshman, John; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Hackett, Shannon J.; Reddy, Sushma] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Braun, Michael J.; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Han, Kin-Lan; Yuri, Tamaki] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Braun, Michael J.; Han, Kin-Lan] Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bowie, Rauri C. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bowie, Rauri C. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bowie, Rauri C. K.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, Natl Resource Fdn Ctr Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Inst,Dept Sci & Technol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Marks, Ben D.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Witt, Christopher C.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Miglia, Kathleen J.; Moore, William S.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Steadman, David W.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Steppan, Scott J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Witt, Christopher C.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Witt, Christopher C.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Braun, EL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ebraun68@ufl.edu RI Han, Kin-Lan/G-7121-2011; Witt, Christopher/D-8587-2012; Kimball, Rebecca/C-2290-2009; OI Witt, Christopher/0000-0003-2781-1543; Braun, Edward/0000-0003-1643-5212; Kimball, Rebecca/0000-0001-5449-5481; Bowie, Rauri/0000-0001-8328-6021 FU U.S. National Science Foundation Assembling the Tree of Life Program [DEB-0228675, DEB-0228682, DEB-0228688, DEB-0228617] FX We thank D. L. Swofford, P. O. Lewis, and D. J. Zwickl for advice on phylogenetic analyses; D. J. Levey, K. Braun, and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments; and A. B. Thistle for a technical edit of the manuscript. For the loan of samples, we thank the Field Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas, Louisiana State University, the United States National Museum of Natural History, L. D. Densmore, and the collectors (Table S2). This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Assembling the Tree of Life Program Grants DEB-0228675 (to S.J.H.); DEB-0228682 (to R.T.K., E.L.B., and D.W.S.); DEB-0228688 (to F.H.S.); and DEB-0228617 (to W. S. M.). NR 69 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 22 U2 119 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 9 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 36 BP 13462 EP 13467 DI 10.1073/pnas.0803242105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 349AR UT WOS:000259251700052 PM 18765814 ER PT J AU Doeleman, SS Weintroub, J Rogers, AEE Plambeck, R Freund, R Tilanus, RPJ Friberg, P Ziurys, LM Moran, JM Corey, B Young, KH Smythe, DL Titus, M Marrone, DP Cappallo, RJ Bock, DCJ Bower, GC Chamberlin, R Davis, GR Krichbaum, TP Lamb, J Maness, H Niell, AE Roy, A Strittmatter, P Werthimer, D Whitney, AR Woody, D AF Doeleman, Sheperd S. Weintroub, Jonathan Rogers, Alan E. E. Plambeck, Richard Freund, Robert Tilanus, Remo P. J. Friberg, Per Ziurys, Lucy M. Moran, James M. Corey, Brian Young, Ken H. Smythe, Daniel L. Titus, Michael Marrone, Daniel P. Cappallo, Roger J. Bock, Douglas C. -J. Bower, Geoffrey C. Chamberlin, Richard Davis, Gary R. Krichbaum, Thomas P. Lamb, James Maness, Holly Niell, Arthur E. Roy, Alan Strittmatter, Peter Werthimer, Daniel Whitney, Alan R. Woody, David TI Event-horizon-scale structure in the supermassive black hole candidate at the Galactic Centre SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; X-RAY; INTRINSIC SIZE; PROPER MOTION; RADIO-SOURCE; MILKY-WAY; 86 GHZ; VLBI; EMISSION; COMPACT AB The cores of most galaxies are thought to harbour supermassive black holes, which power galactic nuclei by converting the gravitational energy of accreting matter into radiation(1). Sagittarius A* ( Sgr A*), the compact source of radio, infrared and X- ray emission at the centre of the Milky Way, is the closest example of this phenomenon, with an estimated black hole mass that is 4,000,000 times that of the Sun(2,3). A long- standing astronomical goal is to resolve structures in the innermost accretion flow surrounding Sgr A*, where strong gravitational fields will distort the appearance of radiation emitted near the black hole. Radio observations at wavelengths of 3.5 mm and 7 mm have detected intrinsic structure in Sgr A*, but the spatial resolution of observations at these wavelengths is limited by interstellar scattering(4-7). Here we report observations at a wavelength of 1.3 mm that set a size of 37(-10)(+16) microarcseconds on the intrinsic diameter of Sgr A*. This is less than the expected apparent size of the event horizon of the presumed black hole, suggesting that the bulk of Sgr A* emission may not be centred on the black hole, but arises in the surrounding accretion flow. C1 [Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Rogers, Alan E. E.; Corey, Brian; Smythe, Daniel L.; Titus, Michael; Cappallo, Roger J.; Niell, Arthur E.; Whitney, Alan R.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Weintroub, Jonathan; Moran, James M.; Young, Ken H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Plambeck, Richard; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Maness, Holly] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freund, Robert; Ziurys, Lucy M.; Strittmatter, Peter] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Arizona Radio Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Friberg, Per; Davis, Gary R.] Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Tilanus, Remo P. J.] Netherlands Org Sci Res, NL-2509 AC The Hague, Netherlands. [Marrone, Daniel P.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Marrone, Daniel P.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bock, Douglas C. -J.] CARMA, Big Pine, CA 93513 USA. [Chamberlin, Richard] Caltech Submillimeter Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Roy, Alan] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Lamb, James; Woody, David] CALTECH, OVRO, Big Pine, CA 93513 USA. [Werthimer, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doeleman, SS (reprint author), MIT, Haystack Observ, Route 40, Westford, MA 01886 USA. EM sdoeleman@haystack.mit.edu OI Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080; Moran, James/0000-0002-3882-4414 FU National Science Foundation FX High-frequency VLBI work at MIT Haystack Observatory is supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics. We thank G. Weaver for the loan of a frequency reference from Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Labs; J. Davis for use of GPS equipment; I. Diegel, R. Vessot, D. Phillips and E. Mattison for assistance with hydrogen masers; the NASA Geodesy Program for loan of the CARMA Hydrogen Maser; D. Kubo, J. Test, P. Yamaguchi, G. Reiland, J. Hoge and M. Hodges for technical assistance; M. Gurwell for SMAcalibration data; A. Kerr and A. Lichtenberger for contributions at ARO/SMT; A. Broderick, V. Fish, A. Loeb and I. Shapiro for discussions; and the staff at all participating facilities. NR 23 TC 295 Z9 297 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 4 PY 2008 VL 455 IS 7209 BP 78 EP 80 DI 10.1038/nature07245 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 343XS UT WOS:000258890200039 PM 18769434 ER PT J AU Page, RA Ryan, MJ AF Page, Rachel A. Ryan, Michael J. TI The effect of signal complexity on localization performance in bats that localize frog calls SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE eavesdropping; fringe-lipped bat; localization performance; Physalaemus pustulosus; predator; prey; signal complexity; Trachops cirrhosus; tungara frog ID TRACHOPS-CIRRHOSUS; SEXUAL SELECTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; NEOTROPICAL FROG; PARASITOID FLIES; TUNGARA FROG; ALARM CALLS; EATING BAT; PREDATION; PREFERENCES AB The fringe-lipped bat, Trachops cirrhosus, uses frog mating calls to detect and locate its prey. The tungara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus, a preferred prey species of this bat, produces two types of sexual advertisement calls, simple and complex, and both female frogs and predatory bats prefer complex calls to simple ones. Complex calls differ from simple ones in that they contain chucks: short, broadband suffixes with distinct onsets and offsets, acoustic properties that should maximize binaural comparisons and facilitate localization. We investigated the hypothesis that frog-eating bats prefer the complex calls of tungara frogs to simple ones because they find complex calls easier to localize. We tested bats under experimental conditions that mirror the conditions they encounter in nature: we broadcast tungara frog calls with and without background noise and with and without intervening obstacles. We broadcast calls either continuously during the hunting approach or only prior to the bat's flight to mimic the conditions under which frogs have detected an approaching bat and ceased calling. Bats showed a trend for better localization performance of complex calls than of simple ones under all treatment conditions. We found significant differences in localization performance in some but not all levels of localization task complexity. This study is the first to offer evidence that an eavesdropping predator shows better localization performance for a preferred signal variant of its prey. (C) 2008 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Page, Rachel A.; Ryan, Michael J.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Page, Rachel A.; Ryan, Michael J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Page, RA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM rachelpage@mail.utexas.edu FU National Science Foundation FX We are grateful to H.-U. Schnitzler and A. Denzinger for suggesting the use of the leaf litter screen and for helpful discussion. The late A. S. Rand was a source of advice throughout much of this study. X. E. Bernal, E. K. V. Kalko, G. M. Klump, H. Romer, A. Schaub and two anonymous referees offered valuable comments on experimental design. We thank M. Mahometa and S. Smith for their advice on statistical analysis and K. Schlegel for her drawing of the experimental arena. We are grateful to N. Cooper, C. Jones, K. Miller and E. A. Snider for field assistance and to A. Shah, R. Shah, S. Sharma and C. Ting for help with video analysis. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and the staff on Barro Colorado Island in particular, offered critical logistical support. This work was funded by a short-term Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute fellowship award to R. A. P. and funds from the National Science Foundation. NR 56 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 76 BP 761 EP 769 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.006 PN 3 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 338FF UT WOS:000258490800026 ER PT J AU Taylor, RC Klein, BA Stein, J Ryan, MJ AF Taylor, Ryan C. Klein, Barrett A. Stein, Joey Ryan, Michael J. TI Faux frogs: multimodal signalling and the value of robotics in animal behaviour SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Editorial Material DE female choice; multimodal signalling; Physalaemus pustulosus; robotics; sexual selection; tungara frog; visual cue ID DART-POISON FROG; VIDEO PLAYBACK; PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS; TUNGARA FROGS; FEMALE CHOICE; VOCAL SAC; ACOUSTIC INTERFERENCE; MECHANICAL MODEL; MATE RECOGNITION; SOUND PRODUCTION C1 [Taylor, Ryan C.] Mt St Marys Univ, Dept Sci, Emmitsburg, MD USA. [Taylor, Ryan C.; Klein, Barrett A.; Ryan, Michael J.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Stein, Joey] Moey Inc, Brooklyn, NY USA. [Ryan, Michael J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Taylor, RC (reprint author), Salisbury Univ, Dept Biol, 1101 Camden Ave, Slisbury, MD 21801 USA. EM rctaylor@salisbury.edu NR 75 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 76 BP 1089 EP 1097 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.01.031 PN 3 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 338FF UT WOS:000258490800060 ER PT J AU Bernard, JP Reach, WT Paradis, D Meixner, M Paladini, R Kawamura, A Onishi, T Vijh, U Gordon, K Indebetouw, R Hora, JL Whitney, B Blum, R Meade, M Babler, B Churchwell, EB Engelbracht, CW For, BQ Misselt, K Leitherer, C Cohen, M Boulandger, F Frogel, JA Fukui, Y Gallagher, J Gorjian, V Harris, J Kelly, D Latter, WB Madden, S Markwick-Kemper, C Mizuno, A Mizuno, N Mould, J Nota, A Oey, MS Olsen, K Panagia, N Perez-Gonzalez, P Shibai, H Sato, S Smith, L Staveley-Smith, L Tielens, AGGM Ueta, T Van Dyk, S Volk, K Werner, M Zaritsky, D AF Bernard, Jean-Philippe Reach, William T. Paradis, Deborah Meixner, Margaret Paladini, Roberta Kawamura, Akiko Onishi, Toshikazu Vijh, Uma Gordon, Karl Indebetouw, Remy Hora, Joseph L. Whitney, Barbara Blum, Robert Meade, Marilyn Babler, Brian Churchwell, Ed B. Engelbracht, Charles W. For, Bi-Qing Misselt, Karl Leitherer, Claus Cohen, Martin Boulandger, Francois Frogel, Jay A. Fukui, Yasuo Gallagher, Jay Gorjian, Varoujan Harris, Jason Kelly, Douglas Latter, William B. Madden, Suzanne Markwick-Kemper, Ciska Mizuno, Akira Mizuno, Norikazu Mould, Jeremy Nota, Antonella Oey, M. S. Olsen, Knut Panagia, Nino Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo Shibai, Hiroshi Sato, Shuji Smith, Linda Staveley-Smith, Lister Tielens, A. G. G. M. Ueta, Toshiya Van Dyk, Schuyler Volk, Kevin Werner, Michael Zaritsky, Dennis TI Spitzer survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud, Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (sage). IV. Dust properties in the interstellar medium SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : ISM; infrared : galaxies; infrared : ISM; ISM : abundances; ISM : clouds magellanic clouds ID MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; LOW-METALLICITY ENVIRONMENTS; NEAR-INFRARED CONTINUUM; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; H-I; CO SURVEY; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; IRREGULAR GALAXIES; ALPHA ABSORPTION AB The goal of this paper is to present the results of a preliminary analysis of the extended infrared (IR) emission by dust in the interstellar medium ( ISM) of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We combine Spitzer Surveying the Agents of Galaxy Evolution ( SAGE) and Infrared Astronomical Satellite ( IRAS) data and correlate the infrared emission with gas tracers of Hi, CO, and H a. We present a global analysis of the infrared emission as well as detailed modeling of the spectral energy distribution ( SED) of a few selected regions. Extended emission by dust associated with the neutral, molecular, and diffuse ionized phases of the ISM is detected at all IR bands from 3.6 mu m to 160 mu m. The relative abundance of the various dust species appears quite similar to that in the Milky Way ( MW) in all the regions we have modeled. We construct maps of the temperature of large dust grains. The temperature map shows variations in the range 12.1-34.7 K, with a systematic gradient from the inner to outer regions, tracing the general distribution of massive stars and individual H II regions as well as showing warmer dust in the stellar bar. This map is used to derive the far-infrared ( FIR) optical depth of large dust grains. We find two main departures in the LMC with respect to expectations based on the MW: ( 1) excess mid-infrared (MIR) emission near 70 mu m, referred to as the 70 mu m excess, and ( 2) departures from linear correlation between the FIR optical depth and the gas column density, which we refer to as FIR excess emission. The 70 mu m excess increases gradually from the MW to the LMC to the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), suggesting evolution with decreasing metallicity. The excess is associated with the neutral and diffuse ionized gas, with the strongest excess region located in a loop structure next to 30 Dor. We show that the 70 mu m excess can be explained by a modification of the size distribution of very small grains with respect to that in the MW, and a corresponding mass increase of similar or equal to 13% of the total dust mass in selected regions. The most likely explanation is that the 70 mu m excess is due to the production of large very small grains (VSG) through erosion of larger grains in the diffuse medium. This FIR excess could be due to intrinsic variations of the dust/gas ratio, which would then vary from 4.6 to 2.3 times lower than the MW values across the LMC, but X-CO values derived from the IR emission would then be about three times lower than those derived from the Virial analysis of the CO data. We also investigate the possibility that the FIR excess is associated with an additional gas component undetected in the available gas tracers. Assuming a constant dust abundance in all ISM phases, the additional gas component would have twice the known H I mass. We show that it is plausible that the FIR excess is due to cold atomic gas that is optically thick in the 21 cm line, while the contribution by a pure H-2 phase with no CO emission remains a possible explanation. C1 [Bernard, Jean-Philippe; Paradis, Deborah] CESR, Toulouse, France. [Reach, William T.; Paladini, Roberta; Latter, William B.; Van Dyk, Schuyler] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Meixner, Margaret; Leitherer, Claus; Nota, Antonella; Panagia, Nino] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kawamura, Akiko; Onishi, Toshikazu; Fukui, Yasuo; Mizuno, Akira; Mizuno, Norikazu; Shibai, Hiroshi; Sato, Shuji] Nagoya Univ, Dept Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. [Gordon, Karl; Engelbracht, Charles W.; For, Bi-Qing; Misselt, Karl; Harris, Jason; Kelly, Douglas; Olsen, Knut; Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Zaritsky, Dennis] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Indebetouw, Remy; Markwick-Kemper, Ciska] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Hora, Joseph L.] Harvard Smithsonian, CfA, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Whitney, Barbara; Gallagher, Jay] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Blum, Robert] Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Meade, Marilyn; Babler, Brian; Churchwell, Ed B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cohen, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boulandger, Francois] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophs Spatiale, Orsay, France. [Frogel, Jay A.] AURA Inc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Gorjian, Varoujan; Werner, Michael] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Madden, Suzanne] CENS, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Mould, Jeremy] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Oey, M. S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Smith, Linda] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Staveley-Smith, Lister] CSIRO, Head Off, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Tielens, A. G. G. M.; Ueta, Toshiya] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Volk, Kevin] No Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Bernard, JP (reprint author), CESR, Toulouse, France. RI Staveley-Smith, Lister/A-1683-2011; Kemper, Francisca/D-8688-2011; Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo/J-2871-2016; OI Staveley-Smith, Lister/0000-0002-8057-0294; Kemper, Francisca/0000-0003-2743-8240; Perez-Gonzalez, Pablo/0000-0003-4528-5639; Babler, Brian/0000-0002-6984-5752; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650; Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094; Van Dyk, Schuyler/0000-0001-9038-9950 NR 83 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 136 IS 3 BP 919 EP 945 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/3/919 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338AS UT WOS:000258477800003 ER PT J AU Evans, NR Schaefer, GH Bond, HE Bono, G Karovska, M Nelan, E Sasselov, D Mason, BD AF Evans, Nancy Remage Schaefer, Gail H. Bond, Howard E. Bono, Giuseppe Karovska, Margarita Nelan, Edmund Sasselov, Dimitar Mason, Brian D. TI Direct detection of the close companion of polaris with the hubble space telescope SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : visual; Cepheids; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (Polaris) ID GALACTIC-CEPHEIDS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS; EXTENDED ENVELOPES; STELLAR EVOLUTION; MASS DISCREPANCY; BUMP CEPHEIDS; DELTA-CEPHEI; STAR MODELS; PULSATION AB Polaris, the nearest and brightest classical Cepheid, is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 30 yr. Using the High Resolution Channel of the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) at a wavelength of similar to 2255 angstrom, we have directly detected the faint companion at a separation of 0 ''.17. A second HST observation 1.04 yr later confirms orbitalmotion in a retrograde direction. By combining our two measures with the spectroscopic orbit of Kamper and an analysis of the Hipparcos and FK5 proper motions by Wielen et al., we find a mass for Polaris Aa of 4.5(-1.4)(+2.2)M(circle dot) -the first purely dynamical mass determined for any Cepheid. For the faint companion Polaris Ab we find a dynamical mass of 1.26(-0.07)(+0.14)M(circle dot), consistent with an inferred spectral type of F6 V and with a flux difference of 5.4 mag observed at 2255 angstrom. The magnitude difference at the V band is estimated to be 7.2 mag. Continued HST observations will significantly reduce the mass errors, which are currently still too large to provide critical constraints on the roles of convective overshoot, mass loss, rotation, and opacities in the evolution of intermediate-mass stars. Our astrometry, combined with two centuries of archival measurements, also confirms that the well-known, more distant (18 '') visual companion, Polaris B, has a nearly common proper motion with that of the Aa, Ab pair. This is consistent with orbital motion in a long-period bound system. The ultraviolet brightness of Polaris B is in accordance with its known F3 V spectral type if it has the same distance as Polaris Aa, Ab. C1 [Evans, Nancy Remage; Karovska, Margarita] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schaefer, Gail H.; Bond, Howard E.; Nelan, Edmund] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bono, Giuseppe] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Bono, Giuseppe] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mason, Brian D.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Evans, NR (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nevans@cfa.harvard.edu; schaefer@chara-array.org; bond@stsci.edu; bono@mporzio.astro.it; nelan@stsci.edu; bdm@usno.navy.mil FU STScI [GO-10593, GO-10891, GO- 11293]; Chandra X-Ray Center NASA [NAS8-03060] FX We are happy to acknowledge financial support from STScI grants GO-10593, GO-10891, and GO- 11293 (N.R. E. and H. E. B.), and Chandra X-Ray Center NASA Contract NAS8-03060 (N. R. E. and M. K.). This research has made use of the Washington Double Star Catalog maintained at the U. S. Naval Observatory. The contributions of the late Karl Kamper to the study of Polaris were crucial to this work. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 136 IS 3 BP 1137 EP 1146 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/3/1137 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338AS UT WOS:000258477800022 ER PT J AU van Starkenburg, L van der Werf, PP Franx, M Labbe, I Rudnick, G Wuyts, S AF van Starkenburg, L. van der Werf, P. P. Franx, M. Labbe, I. Rudnick, G. Wuyts, S. TI Dynamical properties of a large young disk galaxy at z=2.03 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : evolution ID TULLY-FISHER RELATION; INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY; ALPHA EMITTING GALAXIES; OPTICAL-ROTATION CURVES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; SPIRAL GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; STELLAR MASS; 3D SPECTROSCOPY AB Context. The study of high redshift Tully-Fisher relations (TFRs) is limited by the use of long slit spectrographs, rest frame B band and star formation selected galaxies. Aims. We try to circumvent these issues by using integral field spectroscopy (SINFONI), by studying the rest frame K band and stellar mass TFR, and by selecting targets without a bias to strongly star forming galaxies. In this paper, we demonstrate our methods on our best case. This galaxy, F257, at z = 2.03, was selecte from a sample of candidate high redshift large disk galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field South that were selected with photometric and morphological criteria. Methods. We used SINFONI at the VLT to obtain an integral field spectrum of the Ha line and hence a velocity field and rotation curve. We also use UBVIJHK+IRAC band photometry to determine a stellar photometric mass. Results. We find that F257 is indistinguishable from local late type galaxies in many respects: it has a regular velocity field, increasing velocity disperion towards its center, its rotation curve flattens at 1-2 disk scale lengths, it has the same specific angular momentum as local disks, its properties are consistent with the local K band TFR. Although mainly rotationally supported, its gas component is dynamically heated with respect to local galaxies (V/sigma(z)similar to 4) and it is offset from the local stellar mass TFR at the 2 sigma level. But, this offset depends on the SED modeling parameters. In particular, for a 2-component star formation history (SFH), F257 is in agreement with the local stellar mass TFR. F257 is then a nearly (similar to 75%) maximum disk. The dynamical properties of F257 are more like those of local galaxies than those of any other galaxy at similar redshift observed to date. However, the gas-to-stellar mass ratio is unusally large: 2.5. C1 [van Starkenburg, L.; van der Werf, P. P.; Franx, M.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Labbe, I.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Wuyts, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP van Starkenburg, L (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM vstarken@strw.leidenuniv.nl; pvdwerf@strw.leidenuniv.nl; franx@strw.leidenuniv.nl; ivo@ociw.edu; grudnick@noao.edu; swuyts@cfa.harvard.edu NR 69 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 488 IS 1 BP 99 EP 112 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809632 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 340NL UT WOS:000258652200014 ER PT J AU Vuissoz, C Courbin, F Sluse, D Meylan, G Chantry, V Eulaers, E Morgan, C Eyler, ME Kochanek, CS Coles, J Saha, P Magain, P Falco, EE AF Vuissoz, C. Courbin, F. Sluse, D. Meylan, G. Chantry, V. Eulaers, E. Morgan, C. Eyler, M. E. Kochanek, C. S. Coles, J. Saha, P. Magain, P. Falco, E. E. TI COSMOGRAIL: the COSmological MOnitoring of GRAvItational lenses - VII. Time delays and the Hubble constant from WFI J2033-4723 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; cosmology : cosmological parameters; quasars : individual : WFI J2033-4723 ID LENSING GALAXIES; QUASAR; DECONVOLUTION; REDSHIFT; CURVES; IMAGES; RING AB Gravitationally lensed quasars can be used to map the mass distribution in lensing galaxies and to estimate the Hubble constant H(0) by measuring the time delays between the quasar images. Here we report the measurement of two independent time delays in the quadruply imaged quasar WFI J2033-4723 (z = 1.66). Our data consist of R-band images obtained with the Swiss 1.2 m EULER telescope located at La Silla and with the 1.3 m SMARTS telescope located at Cerro Tololo. The light curves have 218 independent epochs spanning 3 full years of monitoring between March 2004 and May 2007, with a mean temporal sampling of one observation every 4th day. We measure the time delays using three different techniques, and we obtain Delta t(B-A) = 35.5 +/- 1.4 days (3.8%) and Delta t(B-C) = 62.6(-2.3)(+4.1) days ((+6.5%)(-3.7%)), where A is a composite of the close, merging image pair. After correcting for the time delays, we find R-band flux ratios of F(A)/F(B) = 2.88 +/- 0.04, F(A)/F(C) = 3.38 +/- 0.06, and F(A1)/F(A2) = 1.37 +/- 0.05 with no evidence for microlensing variability over a time scale of three years. However, these flux ratios do not agree with those measured in the quasar emission lines, suggesting that longer term microlensing is present. Our estimate of H(0) agrees with the concordance value: non-parametric modeling of the lensing galaxy predicts H(0) = 67(-10)(+13) km s(-1) Mpc(-1), while the Single Isothermal Sphere model yields H(0) = 63(-3)(+7) km s(-1) Mpc(-1) (68% confidence level). More complex lens models using a composite de Vaucouleurs plus NFW galaxy mass profile show twisting of the mass isocontours in the lensing galaxy, as do the non-parametric models. As all models also require a significant external shear, this suggests that the lens is a member of the group of galaxies seen in field of view of WFI J2033-4723. C1 [Vuissoz, C.; Courbin, F.; Sluse, D.; Meylan, G.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Observ Sauverny, Astrophys Lab, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Chantry, V.; Eulaers, E.; Magain, P.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Morgan, C.; Kochanek, C. S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Morgan, C.; Kochanek, C. S.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Morgan, C.; Eyler, M. E.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Coles, J.; Saha, P.] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Falco, E. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Vuissoz, C (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Observ Sauverny, Astrophys Lab, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. EM christel.vuissoz@epfl.ch OI Van Winckel, Hans/0000-0001-5158-9327 FU ESA; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office [PRODEX 90195]; National Science Foundation [AST-0708082]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) FX a We would like to thank all the observers at the EULER telescope for the acquisition of these monitoring data. We also thank Profs. G. Burki and M. Mayor for their help in the flexible scheduling of the observing runs, improving the necessary regular temporal sampling. We are very grateful to Prof. A. Blecha and the technical team of the Geneva Observatory for their efficient help with the electronics of the CCD camera. Many thanks also to Sandrine Sohy for her commitment in the programming part of the deconvolution techniques. Finally, we would like to thank Chuck Keeton for his advice on the use of LENSMODEL. This work is supported by ESA and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office under contract PRODEX 90195. C. S. K. is funded by National Science Foundation grant AST-0708082. COSMOGRAIL is financially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 488 IS 2 BP 481 EP 490 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809866 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342BT UT WOS:000258760300015 ER PT J AU Sanz-Forcada, J Dupree, AK AF Sanz-Forcada, J. Dupree, A. K. TI Active cool stars and HeI 10 830 angstrom: the coronal connection SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : activity; stars : late-type; line : formation; stars : chromospheres; infrared : stars; X-rays : stars ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET-EXPLORER; LAMBDA-10830; HELIUM; HOLES; LINES; WIND; CHROMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; PHOTOMETRY; CAPELLA AB Context. The mechanism of formation of the He I 10 830 angstrom triplet in cool stars has been subject of debate for the last 30 years. A relation between the X-ray luminosity and the He I 10 830 angstrom flux was found in cool stars, but the dominant mechanism of formation in these stars (photoionization by coronal radiation followed by recombination and cascade, or collisional excitation in the chromosphere), has not yet been established. Aims. We use modern instrumentation (NOT/SOFIN) and a direct measurement of the EUV flux, which photoionizes He I, to investigate the formation mechanism of the line for the most active stars which are frequently excluded from analysis. Methods. We have observed with an unprecedented resolution (R similar to 170 000) the He I 10 830 angstrom triplet in a set of 15 stars that were also observed with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer ( EUVE) in order to compare the line strengths with their EUV and X-ray fluxes. Results. Active dwarf and subgiant stars do not exhibit a relation between the EUV flux and the equivalent width of the He I 10 830 angstrom line. Giant stars however, show a positive correlation between the strength of the He I 10 830 angstrom absorption and the EUV and X-ray fluxes. The strength of the CIV 1550 angstrom emission does not correlate with coronal fluxes in this sample of 15 stars. Conclusions. Active dwarf stars may have high chromospheric densities thus allowing collisional excitation to dominate photoionization/ recombination processes in forming the He I 10 830 angstrom line. Active giant stars possess lower gravities, and lower chromospheric densities than dwarfs, allowing for photoexcitation processes to become important. Moreover, their extended chromospheres allow for scattering of infrared continuum radiation, producing strong absorption in He i and tracing wind dynamics. C1 [Sanz-Forcada, J.] INTA, Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Dupree, A. K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sanz-Forcada, J (reprint author), INTA, Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, POB 78, Madrid 28691, Spain. EM jsanz@laeff.inta.es; dupree@cfa.harvard.edu RI Sanz-Forcada, Jorge/C-3176-2017 OI Sanz-Forcada, Jorge/0000-0002-1600-7835 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 488 IS 2 BP 715 EP U119 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078501 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342BT UT WOS:000258760300037 ER PT J AU Bisschop, SE Jorgensen, JK Bourke, TL Bottinelli, S van Dishoeck, EF AF Bisschop, S. E. Jorgensen, J. K. Bourke, T. L. Bottinelli, S. van Dishoeck, E. F. TI An interferometric study of the low-mass protostar IRAS 16293-2422: small scale organic chemistry SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; line : identification; methods : observational; techniques : interferometric; stars : formation ID MOLECULAR LINE SURVEY; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; IRAS 16293-2422; HOT-CORE; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; INTERSTELLAR ICE; YOUNG STARS; ABUNDANCE; EMISSION; ENVELOPES AB Aims. We investigate the chemical relations between complex organics based on their spatial distributions and excitation conditions in the low-mass young stellar objects IRAS 16293-2422 "A" and "B". Methods. Interferometric observations with the Submillimeter Array have been performed at 5 '' x 3 ''( 800 x 500 AU) resolution revealing emission lines of HNCO, CH(3)CN, CH(2)CO, CH(3)CHO and C(2)H(5)OH. Rotational temperatures are determined from rotational diagrams when a sufficient number of lines are detected. Results. Compact emission is detected for all species studied here. For HNCO and CH(3)CN it mostly arises from source "A", CH(2)CO and C(2)H(5)OH have comparable strength for both sources and CH(3)CHO arises exclusively from source "B". HNCO, CH(3)CN and CH(3)CHO have rotational temperatures > 200 K implying that they arise from hot gas. The (u, v)-visibility data reveal that HNCO also has extended cold emission, which could not be previously determined through single dish data. Conclusions. The relative abundances of the molecules studied here are very similar within factors of a few to those found in high-mass YSOs. This illustrates that the chemistry between high-and low-mass objects appears to be relatively similar and thus independent of luminosity and cloud mass. In contrast, bigger abundance differences are seen between the "A" and "B" source. For instance, the HNCO abundance relative to CH(3)OH is similar to 4 times higher toward "A", which may be due to a higher initial OCN(-) ice abundances in source "A" compared to "B". Furthermore, not all oxygen-bearing species are co-existent, with CH(3)CHO/CH(3)OH an order of magnitude higher toward "B" than "A". The different spatial behavior of CH(2)CO and C(2)H(5)OH compared with CH(3)CHO suggests that successive hydrogenation reactions on grain-surfaces are not sufficient to explain the observed gas phase abundance of the latter. Selective destruction of CH(3)CHO may result in the anti-coincidence of these species in source "A". These results illustrate the power of interferometric compared with single dish data in terms of testing chemical models. C1 [Bisschop, S. E.; Bottinelli, S.; van Dishoeck, E. F.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Jorgensen, J. K.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Bourke, T. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [van Dishoeck, E. F.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Bisschop, SE (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM bisschop@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de RI Jorgensen, Jes Kristian/L-7936-2014 OI Jorgensen, Jes Kristian/0000-0001-9133-8047 FU NOVA; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) FX We thank Floris van der Tak and Xander Tielens for carefully reading this manuscript and an anonymous referee and the editor Malcolm Walmsley for constructive comments on the paper. Funding was provided by NOVA, the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy and a Spinoza grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). NR 52 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 488 IS 3 BP 959 EP U55 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809673 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 348IO UT WOS:000259204400018 ER PT J AU Przybilla, N Nieva, MF Tillich, A Heber, U Butler, K Brown, WR AF Przybilla, N. Nieva, M. F. Tillich, A. Heber, U. Butler, K. Brown, W. R. TI HVS7: a chemically peculiar hyper-velocity star SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : halo; stars : abundances; stars : chemically peculiar; stars : distances; stars : early-type; stars : individual : SDSS J113312.12+010824.9 ID LTE LINE-FORMATION; ATOMIC TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; CRITICAL DATA COMPILATION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LAMBDA-BOOTIS STARS; A-TYPE STARS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; GALACTIC-CENTER; MODEL ATOM; B-STARS AB Context. Hyper-velocity stars are suggested to originate from the dynamical interaction of binary stars with the supermassive black hole in the Galactic centre (GC), which accelerates one component of the binary to beyond the Galactic escape velocity. Aims. The evolutionary status and GC origin of the hyper-velocity star SDSS J113312.12+010824.9 (aka HVS 7) is constrained from a detailed study of its stellar parameters and chemical composition. Methods. High-resolution spectra of HVS 7 obtained with UVES on the ESO VLT were analysed using state-of-the-art NLTE/LTE modelling techniques that can account for a chemically-peculiar composition via opacity sampling. Results. Instead of the expected slight enrichments of a-elements and near-solar iron, huge chemical peculiarities of all elements are apparent. The helium abundance is very low (<1/100 solar), C, N and O are below the detection limit, i.e they are underabundant (<1/100, less than or similar to 1/3 and <1/10 solar). Heavier elements, however, are overabundant: the iron group by a factor of similar to 10, P, Co and Cl by factors similar to 40, 80 and 440 and rare-earth elements and mercury even by similar to 10000. An additional finding, relevant also for other chemically peculiar stars are the large NLTE effects on abundances of Ti II and Fe II (similar to 0.6-0.7 dex). The derived abundance pattern of HVS 7 is characteristic for the class of chemical peculiar magnetic B stars on the main sequence. The chemical composition and high projected rotation velocity v sin i = 55 +/- 2 km s(-1) render a low mass nature of HVS 7 as a blue horizontal branch star unlikely. Conclusions. Such a surface abundance pattern is caused by atomic diffusion in a possibly magnetically stabilised, non-convective atmosphere. Hence all chemical information on the star's place of birth and its evolution has been washed out. High precision astrometry is the only means to validate a GC origin for HVS 7. C1 [Przybilla, N.; Nieva, M. F.; Tillich, A.; Heber, U.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Remeis Sternwarte Bamberg, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Butler, K.] Univ Sternwarte, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Brown, W. R.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Przybilla, N (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dr Remeis Sternwarte Bamberg, Sternwartstr 7, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. EM przybilla@sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de RI Heber, Ulrich/G-3306-2013 OI Heber, Ulrich/0000-0001-7798-6769 NR 71 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 488 IS 2 BP L51 EP U28 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200810455 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342BT UT WOS:000258760300010 ER PT J AU Mieske, S Hilker, M Jordan, A Infante, L Kissler-Patig, M Rejkuba, M Richtler, T Cote, P Baumgardt, H West, MJ Ferrarese, L Peng, EW AF Mieske, S. Hilker, M. Jordan, A. Infante, L. Kissler-Patig, M. Rejkuba, M. Richtler, T. Cote, P. Baumgardt, H. West, M. J. Ferrarese, L. Peng, E. W. TI The nature of UCDs: Internal dynamics from an expanded sample and homogeneous database SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual : Fornax; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : nuclei galaxies : star clusters ID COMPACT DWARF GALAXIES; MASSIVE STAR-CLUSTERS; MILKY-WAY SATELLITES; TO-LIGHT RATIOS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; FORNAX CLUSTER; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; POPULATION SYNTHESIS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; STELLAR-SYSTEMS AB Context. The internal dynamics of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) has attracted increasing attention, with most of the UCDs studied to date located in the Virgo cluster. Aims. Our aim is to perform a comprehensive census of the internal dynamics of UCDs in the Fornax cluster, and to shed light on the nature of the interface between star clusters and galaxies. Methods. We obtained high-resolution spectra of 23 Fornax UCDs with -10.4 > M(V) > -13.5 mag (10(6) < M/M(circle dot) < 10(8)), using FLAMES/Giraffe at the VLT. This is the largest homogeneous data set of UCD internal dynamics assembled to date. We derive dynamical M/L ratios for 15 UCDs covered by HST imaging. Results. In the M(V) -sigma plane, UCDs with M(V) < -12 mag are consistent with the extrapolated Faber-Jackson relation for luminous elliptical galaxies, while most of the fainter UCDs are closer to the extrapolated globular cluster (GC) relation. At a given metallicity, Fornax UCDs have, on average, M/L ratios lower by 30-40% than Virgo UCDs, suggesting possible differences in age or dark matter content between Fornax and Virgo UCDs. For our sample of Fornax UCDs we find no significant correlation between M/L ratio and mass. We combine our data with available M/L ratio measurements of compact stellar systems with 104 < M/M(circle dot) < 108 M, and normalise all M/L estimates to solar metallicity. We find that UCDs (M >= 2 x 10(6) M(circle dot)) have M/L ratios twice as large as GCs (M less than or similar to 2 x 10(6) M(circle dot)). We argue that dynamical evolution has probably had only a small effect on the current M/L ratios of objects in the combined sample, implying that stellar population models tend to under-predict dynamical M/L ratios of UCDs and over-predict those of GCs. Considering the scaling relations of stellar spheroids, we find that UCDs align well along the " Fundamental Manifold". UCDs can be considered the small-scale end of the galaxy sequence in this context. The alignment for UCDs is especially clear for r(e) greater than or similar to 7 pc, which corresponds to dynamical relaxation times that exceed a Hubble time. In contrast, globular clusters exhibit a broader scatter and do not appear to align along the manifold. Conclusions. We argue that UCDs are the smallest dynamically un-relaxed stellar systems, with M greater than or similar to 2 x 10(6) and 7 less than or similar to r(e)/pc less than or similar to 100. Future studies should aim at explaining the elevated M/L ratios of UCDs and the environmental dependence of their properties. C1 [Mieske, S.; Hilker, M.; Kissler-Patig, M.; Rejkuba, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Jordan, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jordan, A.; Infante, L.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Richtler, T.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Fis, Astron Grp, Concepcion, Chile. [Cote, P.; Ferrarese, L.; Peng, E. W.] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Natl Res Council Canada, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Baumgardt, H.] Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [West, M. J.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. RP Mieske, S (reprint author), European So Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM smieske@eso.org RI Baumgardt, Holger/A-5444-2012; OI Jordan, Andres/0000-0002-5389-3944; Rejkuba, Marina/0000-0002-6577-2787 NR 56 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 487 IS 3 BP 921 EP U17 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200810077 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335XO UT WOS:000258328100013 ER PT J AU Kauffmann, J Bertoldi, F Bourke, TL Evans, NJ Lee, CW AF Kauffmann, J. Bertoldi, F. Bourke, T. L. Evans, N. J., II Lee, C. W. TI MAMBO mapping of Spitzer c2d small clouds and cores SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE stars : formation; ISM : evolution; ISM : structure; ISM : dust, extinction; ISM : clouds ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; LATITUDE MOLECULAR CLOUDS; DUST CONTINUUM EMISSION; ISOLATED STAR-FORMATION; LOW-MASS PROTOSTARS; NEARBY DENSE CORES; T-TAURI STARS; 850 MU-M; DARK CLOUDS; PROTOSTELLAR CORES AB Aims. To study the structure of nearby (<500 pc) dense starless and star-forming cores with the particular goal to identify and understand evolutionary trends in core properties, and to explore the nature of Very Low Luminosity Objects (<= 0.1 L(circle dot); VeLLOs). Methods. Using the MAMBO bolometer array, we create maps unusually sensitive to faint (few mJy per beam) extended (approximate to 5 ') thermal dust continuum emission at 1.2 mm wavelength. Complementary information on embedded stars is obtained from Spitzer, IRAS, and 2MASS. Results. Our maps are very rich in structure, and we characterize extended emission features ("subcores") and compact intensity peaks in our data separately to pay attention to this complexity. We derive, e. g., sizes, masses, and aspect ratios for the subcores, as well as column densities and related properties for the peaks. Combination with archival infrared data then enables the derivation of bolometric luminosities and temperatures, as well as envelope masses, for the young embedded stars. Conclusions. Starless and star-forming cores occupy the same parameter space in many core properties; a picture of dense core evolution in which any dense core begins to actively form stars once it exceeds some fixed limit in, e. g., mass, density, or both, is inconsistent with our data. A concept of necessary conditions for star formation appears to provide a better description: dense cores fulfilling certain conditions can form stars, but they do not need to, respectively have not done so yet. Comparison of various evolutionary indicators for young stellar objects in our sample (e. g., bolometric temperatures) reveals inconsistencies between some of them, possibly suggesting a revision of some of these indicators. Finally, we challenge the notion that VeLLOs form in cores not expected to actively form stars, and we present a first systematic study revealing evidence for structural differences between starless and candidate VeLLO cores. C1 [Kauffmann, J.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Kauffmann, J.] Harvard Univ, Initiat Innovat Comp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kauffmann, J.; Bourke, T. L.; Lee, C. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bertoldi, F.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Evans, N. J., II] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lee, C. W.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. RP Kauffmann, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM jkauffmann@cfa.harvard.edu NR 115 TC 149 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 487 IS 3 BP 993 EP U95 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809481 PG 42 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335XO UT WOS:000258328100018 ER PT J AU Clausen, JV Torres, G Bruntt, H Andersen, J Nordstrom, B Stefanik, RP Latham, DW Southworth, J AF Clausen, J. V. Torres, G. Bruntt, H. Andersen, J. Nordstrom, B. Stefanik, R. P. Latham, D. W. Southworth, J. TI Absolute dimensions of eclipsing binaries. XXVI. Setting a new standard: Masses, radii, and abundances for the F-type systems AD Bootis, VZ Hydrae, and WZ Ophiuchi SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : evolution; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : binaries : close; stars : binaries : eclipsing techniques : photometric; techniques : spectroscopic ID COROT/MONS ASTEROSEISMOLOGY MISSIONS; LINED SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; LIMB-DARKENING COEFFICIENTS; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE SCALE; MODEL STELLAR ATMOSPHERES; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; LIGHT CURVES AB Context. Accurate mass, radius, and abundance determinations from binaries provide important information on stellar evolution, fundamental to central fields in modern astrophysics and cosmology. Aims. We aim to determine absolute dimensions and abundances for the three F-type main-sequence detached eclipsing binaries AD Boo, VZ Hya, and WZ Oph and to perform a detailed comparison with results from recent stellar evolutionary models. Methods. uvby light curves and uvby beta standard photometry were obtained with the Stromgren Automatic Telescope at ESO, La Silla, radial velocity observations at CfA facilities, and supplementary high-resolution spectra with ESO's FEROS spectrograph. State-of-the-art methods were applied for the analyses: the EBOP and Wilson-Devinney binary models, two-dimensional cross-correlation and disentangling, and the VWA abundance analysis tool. Results. Masses and radii that are precise to 0.5-0.7% and 0.4-0.9%, respectively, have been established for the components, which span the ranges of 1.1 to 1.4 M(circle dot) and 1.1 to 1.6 R(circle dot). The [Fe/H] abundances are from -0.27 to +0.10, with uncertainties between 0.07 and 0.15 dex. We find indications of a slight alpha-element overabundance of [alpha/Fe] similar to + 0.1 for WZ Oph. The secondary component of AD Boo and both components of WZ Oph appear to be slightly active. Yale-Yonsai and Victoria-Regina evolutionary models fit the components of ADBoo and VZHya almost equally well, assuming coeval formation, at ages of about 1.75/1.50 Gyr (ADBoo) and 1.25/1.00 Gyr (VZ Hya). BaSTI models, however, predict somewhat different ages for the primary and secondary components. For WZOph, the models from all three grids are significantly hotter than observed. A low He content, decreased envelope convection coupled with surface activity, and/or higher interstellar absorption would remove the discrepancy, but its cause has not been definitively identified. Conclusions. We have demonstrated the power of testing and comparing recent stellar evolutionary models using eclipsing binaries, provided their abundances are known. The strongest limitations and challenges are set by T(eff) and interstellar absorption determinations, and by their effects on and correlation with abundance results. C1 [Clausen, J. V.; Bruntt, H.; Andersen, J.; Nordstrom, B.; Southworth, J.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Torres, G.; Stefanik, R. P.; Latham, D. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bruntt, H.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys A28, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Andersen, J.] Nord Opt Telescope Sci Assoc, Santa Cruz De La Palma 38700, Spain. [Southworth, J.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Clausen, JV (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM jvc@astro.ku.dk NR 99 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 487 IS 3 BP 1095 EP U142 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809671 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335XO UT WOS:000258328100025 ER PT J AU Di Stefano, R AF Di Stefano, Rosanne TI Mesolensing: High-probability lensing without large optical depth SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; MICROLENSING EVENT; MACHO PROJECT; NEARBY DWARFS; BROWN DWARFS; WHITE-DWARFS; X-RAY; STAR; MASS AB In a variety of astronomical situations, there is a relatively high probability that a single isolated lens will produce a detectable event. The high probability is caused by some combination of a large Einstein angle, fast angular motion, and a dense background field. We refer to high-probability lenses as "mesolenses.'' Planetary and stellar masses located within 1-2 kpc are examples of mesolenses. We show that their presence can be detected against a wide variety of background fields, using signatures of both time variability and spatial effects. Time signatures can be identical to those of microlensing, but can also include baseline jitter, extreme apparent chromaticity, photometric events well fit by lens models in which several independent sources are simultaneously lensed, and sequences of events. Spatial signatures include sequential astrometric lensing of surface brightness fluctuations, as well as patterns of time variability that sweep across the background field as the lens moves. Wide-field monitoring programs, such as Pan-STARRS and LSST, are well suited to the study of nearby masses. In addition, targeted high-resolution observations of the region behind a known mass traveling across a dense background field can use lensing effects to measure the lens mass and study its multiplicity. C1 [Di Stefano, Rosanne] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Di Stefano, Rosanne] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Di Stefano, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU National Science Foundation [PHY 99-07949]; [NAG5-10705] FX This work has been in development for a long time, and there are many people to thank. First, Tsafrir Kolatt worked with me on a related question almost a decade ago, considering spatial and time variations due to massive black holes in the Galactic halo. Thanks are due to P. L. Schechter and E. L. Turner for discussions of that idea and to the participants of a 1997 Aspen workshop; especially valuable was feedback from members of the AGAPE team, who tested feasibility. Calculations that led to the present conceptualization were begun at IUCAA in 1998. Jason Li, working under the aegis of an RSI program run by the Center for Excellence in Education, participated in checks of this work in 2003 and developed the idea of creating a catalog of high-probability lenses. I especially want to thank Eric Pfahl for his encouragement to pursue this line of investigation, and for technical discussions. Discussions with many others during the past year have also been helpful, especially Charles Alcock, Lorenzo Faccioli, Arti Garg, B. Scott Gaudi, Matthew J. Holman, Nitya Kallivayalil, Kevin L. Luhman, Lorne Nelson, Christopher Night, Brian M. Patten, Christopher Stubbs, and Ryan Veiga. This work was supported in part by grant NAG5-10705 and in part by the National Science Foundation under grant PHY 99-07949. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 46 EP 58 DI 10.1086/524395 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700004 ER PT J AU Di Stefano, R AF Di Stefano, Rosanne TI Mesolensing explorations of nearby masses: From planets to black holes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; Galaxy : stellar content; gravitational lensing; stars : neutron; surveys ID YOUNG STAR-CLUSTERS; OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; POINT-AGAPE SURVEY; MICROLENSING CANDIDATES; RUNAWAY COLLISIONS; GALACTIC HALO; VIRGO CLUSTER; WHITE-DWARFS; NEIGHBORHOOD; LUMINOSITY AB Nearby masses can have a high probability of lensing stars in a distant background field. This high-probability lensing, or mesolensing, can be used to dramatically increase our knowledge of dark and dim objects in the solar neighborhood, where it can discover and facilitate the study of members of the local dark matter population (free-floating planets, low-mass dwarfs, white dwarfs, neutron stars, and stellar-mass black holes). We can measure the mass and transverse velocity of those masses discovered (or already known) and determine whether or not they are in binaries with dim companions. Here we explore these and other applications of mesolensing, including the study of forms of matter that have been hypothesized but not discovered, such as intermediate-mass black holes, dark matter objects free-streaming through the Galactic disk, and planets in the outermost regions of the solar system. In each case we discuss the feasibility of deriving results based on present-day monitoring systems, and we also consider the vistas that will open with the advent of all-sky monitoring in the era of Pan-STARRS and LSST. C1 [Di Stefano, Rosanne] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Di Stefano, Rosanne] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Di Stefano, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NASA [NAG5-10705]; National Science Foundation [PHY 99-07949, AST 07-08924] FX I thank Ethan Vishniac for discussions that encouraged me to split one long paper into this paper and its companion. I would also like to thank Tim Brown, Lorne Nelson, and Eric Pfahl for discussions, and John Tonry for providing relevant information. This work was supported in part by NASA grant NAG5-10705 and in part by the National Science Foundation under grants PHY 99-07949 and AST 07-08924. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1086/528940 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700005 ER PT J AU Foley, RJ Filippenko, AV Aguilera, C Becker, AC Blondin, S Challis, P Clocchiatti, A Covarrubias, R Davis, TM Garnavich, PM Jha, SW Kirshner, RP Krisciunas, K Leibundgut, B Li, W Matheson, T Miceli, A Miknaitis, G Pignata, G Rest, A Riess, AG Schmidt, BP Smith, RC Sollerman, J Spyromilio, J Stubbs, CW Suntzeff, NB Tonry, JL Wood-Vasey, WM Zenteno, A AF Foley, Ryan J. Filippenko, Alexei V. Aguilera, C. Becker, A. C. Blondin, S. Challis, P. Clocchiatti, A. Covarrubias, R. Davis, T. M. Garnavich, P. M. Jha, S. W. Kirshner, R. P. Krisciunas, K. Leibundgut, B. Li, W. Matheson, T. Miceli, A. Miknaitis, G. Pignata, G. Rest, A. Riess, A. G. Schmidt, B. P. Smith, R. C. Sollerman, J. Spyromilio, J. Stubbs, C. W. Suntzeff, N. B. Tonry, J. L. Wood-Vasey, W. M. Zenteno, A. TI Constraining cosmic evolution of type Ia supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; distance scale; supernovae : general ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; LEGACY SURVEY; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRA; PEAK LUMINOSITY; STAR-FORMATION; HOST GALAXIES; K-CORRECTIONS; WHITE-DWARF AB We present a large-scale effort of creating composite spectra of high-redshift SNe Ia and comparing them to low-redshift counterparts in an attempt to understand possible cosmic evolution of SNe Ia, which has major implications for studies of dark energy. Through the ESSENCE project, we have obtained 107 spectra of 88 high-redshift SNe Ia with excellent light-curve information. In addition, we have obtained 397 spectra of low-redshift SNe Ia through a multiple-decade effort at the Lick and Keck Observatories, and we have used 45 UV spectra obtained by HST and IUE. The low-redshift spectra act as a control sample when comparing to the ESSENCE spectra. In all instances, the ESSENCE and Lick composite spectra appear very similar. The addition of galaxy light to the Lick composite spectra allows an excellent match of the overall SED with the ESSENCE composite spectra, indicating that the high-redshift SNe are more contaminated with host galaxy light than their low-redshift counterparts. This is caused by observing objects at all redshifts with similar angular slit widths, which corresponds to different projected physical distances. After correcting for the galaxy light contamination, a few marginally significant differences in the spectra remain. We have estimated the systematic errors when using current spectral templates for K-corrections to be similar to 0.02 mag. The variance in the composite spectra gives an estimate of the intrinsic variance in low-redshift maximum light SN spectra of similar to 3% relative flux in the optical and growing toward the UV. The difference between the maximum light low- and high-redshift spectra constrains the evolution of SN spectral features between our samples to be < 10% relative flux in the rest-frame optical. Currently, galaxy contamination and the small samples of rest-frame UV spectra at low and high redshifts are the limiting factors for future studies. C1 [Foley, Ryan J.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Jha, S. W.; Li, W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aguilera, C.; Rest, A.; Smith, R. C.; Suntzeff, N. B.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Becker, A. C.; Covarrubias, R.; Miceli, A.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Blondin, S.; Challis, P.; Kirshner, R. P.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Clocchiatti, A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Davis, T. M.; Sollerman, J.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Garnavich, P. M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Jha, S. W.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Jha, S. W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Krisciunas, K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leibundgut, B.; Spyromilio, J.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Matheson, T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Miknaitis, G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Pignata, G.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Rest, A.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Riess, A. G.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Riess, A. G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schmidt, B. P.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Weston, ACT, Australia. [Sollerman, J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Tonry, J. L.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Zenteno, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Foley, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rfoley@astro.berkeley.edu RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Davis, Tamara/A-4280-2008; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Davis, Tamara/0000-0002-4213-8783; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287 NR 79 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 68 EP 87 DI 10.1086/589612 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700006 ER PT J AU Bolton, AS Treu, T Koopmans, LVE Gavazzi, R Moustakas, LA Burles, S Schlegel, DJ Wayth, R AF Bolton, Adam S. Treu, Tommaso Koopmans, Leon V. E. Gavazzi, Raphael Moustakas, Leonidas A. Burles, Scott Schlegel, David J. Wayth, Randall TI The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. VII. Elliptical galaxy scaling laws from direct observational mass measurements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; gravitational lensing; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; TO-LIGHT RATIO; SIGHT VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; INFRARED FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; ABSORPTION-LINE SPECTRA; 3RD DATA RELEASE; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; DARK-MATTER; EINSTEIN RING; KECK SPECTROSCOPY AB We use a sample of 53 massive early-type strong gravitational lens galaxies with well-measured redshifts (ranging from z = 0.06 to 0.36) and stellar velocity dispersions (between 175 and 400 km s(-1)) from the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey to derive numerous empirical scaling relations. The ratio between central stellar velocity dispersion and isothermal lens-model velocity dispersion is nearly unity within errors. The SLACS lenses define a fundamental plane (FP) that is consistent with the FP of the general population of early-type galaxies. We measure the relationship between strong-lensing mass M-lens within one-half effective radius (R-e/2) and the dimensional mass variable M-dim equivalent to G(-1) sigma(2)(e2)(R-e/2) to be log (M-lens/10(11) M-circle dot) = (1.03 +/- 0.04) log (M-dim/10(11) M-circle dot)+ (0.54 +/- 0.02) (where sigma(e2) is the projected stellar velocity dispersion within R-e/2). The near-unity slope indicates that the mass-dynamical structure of massive elliptical galaxies is independent of mass and that the "tilt'' of the SLACS FP is due entirely to variation in total (luminous plus dark) mass- to-light ratio with mass. Our results imply that dynamical masses serve as a good proxies for true masses in massive elliptical galaxies. Regarding the SLACS lenses as a homologous population, we find that the average enclosed two-dimensional (2D) mass profile goes as log[M(< R)/M-dim]=(1.10 +/- 0.09)log(R/ R-e)+(0.85 +/- 0.03), consistent with an isothermal (flat rotation curve) model when deprojected into three dimensions (3D). This measurement is inconsistent with the slope of the average projected aperture luminosity profile at a confidence level greater than 99.9%, implying a minimum dark matter fraction of f(DM) = 0.38 +/- 0.07 within 1 effective radius. We also present an analysis of the angular mass structure of the lens galaxies, which further supports the need for dark matter inside one effective radius. C1 [Bolton, Adam S.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bolton, Adam S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Treu, Tommaso; Gavazzi, Raphael] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Koopmans, Leon V. E.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Gavazzi, Raphael] CNRS, Inst Astrophy Paris, UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Gavazzi, Raphael] Univ Paris 06, F-75014 Paris, France. [Moustakas, Leonidas A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schlegel, David J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bolton, AS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM bolton@ifa.hawaii.edu; tt@physics.ucsb.edu; koopmans@astro.rug.nl; gavazzi@iap.fr; leonidas@jpl.nasa.gov; burles@mit.edu; djschlegel@lbl.gov; rwayth@cfa.harvard.edu RI Wayth, Randall/B-2444-2013 OI Wayth, Randall/0000-0002-6995-4131 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF 0642621]; Sloan Foundation [639.042.505]; European Community's Sixth Framework Marie Curie Research Training Network Programme [MRTN-CT-2004-505183]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA [10174, 10494, 10587, 10798, 10886]; Space Telescope Science Institute; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc. [NAS5-26555]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; NSF; Department of Energy; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX A. S. B., T. T., L. V. E. K., R. G., and L. A. M. acknowledge the support and hospitality of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where the early stages of this work were completed. A. S. B. thanks G. Dobler, G. Novak, and S. Faber for valuable discussion related to this work. T. T. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) through CAREER award NSF 0642621 and from the Sloan Foundation through a Sloan Research Fellowship. He is also supported by a Packard fellowship. L. V. E. K. is supported in part through an NWO-VIDI program subsidy (project number 639.042.505). He also acknowledges the continuing support by the European Community's Sixth Framework Marie Curie Research Training Network Programme, contract MRTN-CT-2004-505183 (ANGLES). The work of L. A. M. was carried out at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Support for HST programs 10174, 10494, 10587, 10798, and 10886 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Please see HST data acknowledgment on the title page. This work has made extensive use of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey database. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the NSF, the Department of Energy, NASA, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSSWeb Site is http://www.sdss.org. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. NR 137 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 248 EP 259 DI 10.1086/589989 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700018 ER PT J AU Ivezic, Z Sesar, B Juric, M Bond, N Dalcanton, J Rockosi, CM Yanny, B Newberg, HJ Beers, TC Prieto, CA Wilhelm, R Lee, YS Sivarani, T Norris, JE Bailer-Jones, CAL Fiorentin, PR Schlegel, D Uomoto, A Lupton, RH Knapp, GR Gunn, JE Covey, KR Smith, JA Miknaitis, G Doi, M Tanaka, M Fukugita, M Kent, S Finkbeiner, D Munn, JA Pier, JR Quinn, T Hawley, S Anderson, S Kiuchi, F Chen, A Bushong, J Sohi, H Haggard, D Kimball, A Barentine, J Brewington, H Harvanek, M Kleinman, S Krzesinski, J Long, D Nitta, A Snedden, S Lee, B Harris, H Brinkmann, J Schneider, DP York, DG AF Ivezic, Zeljko Sesar, Branimir Juric, Mario Bond, Nicholas Dalcanton, Julianne Rockosi, Constance M. Yanny, Brian Newberg, Heidi J. Beers, Timothy C. Prieto, Carlos Allende Wilhelm, Ron Lee, Young Sun Sivarani, Thirupathi Norris, John E. Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L. Fiorentin, Paola Re Schlegel, David Uomoto, Alan Lupton, Robert H. Knapp, Gillian R. Gunn, James E. Covey, Kevin R. Smith, J. Allyn Miknaitis, Gajus Doi, Mamoru Tanaka, Masayuki Fukugita, Masataka Kent, Steve Finkbeiner, Douglas Munn, Jeffrey A. Pier, Jeffrey R. Quinn, Tom Hawley, Suzanne Anderson, Scott Kiuchi, Furea Chen, Alex Bushong, James Sohi, Harkirat Haggard, Daryl Kimball, Amy Barentine, John Brewington, Howard Harvanek, Mike Kleinman, Scott Krzesinski, Jurek Long, Dan Nitta, Atsuko Snedden, Stephanie Lee, Brian Harris, Hugh Brinkmann, Jonathan Schneider, Donald P. York, Donald G. TI The milky way tomography with SDSS. II. Stellar metallicity SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy : stellar content; Galaxy : structure; methods : data analysis; stars : statistics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; DARK-MATTER UNIVERSE; METAL-POOR STARS; GALACTIC LATITUDE STRUCTURES; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; RADIAL-VELOCITY SURVEY; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS AB Using effective temperature and metallicity derived from SDSS spectra for similar to 60,000 F- and G-type main-sequence stars (0.2 < g - r < 0.6), we develop polynomial models for estimating these parameters from the SDSS u - g and g - r colors. These photometric estimates have similar error properties as those determined from SDSS spectra. We apply this method to SDSS photometric data for over 2 million F/G stars and measure the unbiased metallicity distribution for a complete volume-limited sample of stars at distances between 500 pc and 8 kpc. The metallicity distribution can be exquisitely modeled using two components with a spatially varying number ratio, which correspond to disk and halo. The two components also possess the kinematics expected for disk and halo stars. The metallicity of the halo component is spatially invariant, while the median disk metallicity smoothly decreases with distance from the Galactic plane from -0.6 at 500 pc to -0.8 beyond several kiloparsecs. The absence of a correlation between metallicity and kinematics for disk stars is in a conflict with the traditional decomposition in terms of thin and thick disks. We detect coherent substructures in the kinematics-metallicity space, such as the Monoceros stream, which rotates faster than the LSR, and has a median metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.95, with an rms scatter of only similar to 0.15 dex. We extrapolate our results to the performance expected from the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and estimate that LSST will obtain metallicity measurements accurate to 0.2 dex or better, with proper-motion measurements accurate to similar to 0.5 mas yr(-1), for about 200 million F/G dwarf stars within a distance limit of similar to 100 kpc (g < 23.5). C1 [Ivezic, Zeljko; Sesar, Branimir; Dalcanton, Julianne; Quinn, Tom; Hawley, Suzanne; Anderson, Scott; Kiuchi, Furea; Chen, Alex; Bushong, James; Sohi, Harkirat; Haggard, Daryl; Kimball, Amy] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Juric, Mario] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Bond, Nicholas; Lupton, Robert H.; Knapp, Gillian R.; Gunn, James E.] Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Rockosi, Constance M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Yanny, Brian; Miknaitis, Gajus; Kent, Steve] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Newberg, Heidi J.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.; Lee, Young Sun; Sivarani, Thirupathi] Michigan State Univ, CSCE, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lee, Young Sun; Sivarani, Thirupathi] Michigan State Univ, JINA, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wilhelm, Ron] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Norris, John E.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L.; Fiorentin, Paola Re] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Fiorentin, Paola Re] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Schlegel, David; Lee, Brian] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Uomoto, Alan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Covey, Kevin R.; Finkbeiner, Douglas] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Smith, J. Allyn] Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. [Doi, Mamoru] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Tanaka, Masayuki] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Fukugita, Masataka] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba, Japan. [Munn, Jeffrey A.; Pier, Jeffrey R.; Harris, Hugh] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. [Barentine, John; Brewington, Howard; Harvanek, Mike; Kleinman, Scott; Krzesinski, Jurek; Long, Dan; Nitta, Atsuko; Snedden, Stephanie; Brinkmann, Jonathan] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [York, Donald G.] Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [York, Donald G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ivezic, Z (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 138 TC 307 Z9 310 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 287 EP 325 DI 10.1086/589678 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700022 ER PT J AU Pessah, ME Chan, CK AF Pessah, Martin E. Chan, Chi-Kwan TI Viscous, resistive magnetorotational modes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; instabilities; MHD; turbulence ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; WEAKLY MAGNETIZED DISKS; ZERO NET FLUX; ACCRETION DISKS; SHEARING BOX; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; OHMIC DISSIPATION; MHD SIMULATIONS; LINEAR-ANALYSIS AB We carry out a comprehensive analysis of the behavior of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in viscous, resistive plasmas. We find exact, nonlinear solutions of the nonideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations describing the local dynamics of an incompressible, differentially rotating background threaded by a vertical magnetic field when disturbances with wavenumbers perpendicular to the shear are considered. We provide a geometrical description of these viscous, resistive MRI modes and show how their physical structure is modified as a function of the Reynolds and magnetic Reynolds numbers. We demonstrate that when finite dissipative effects are considered, velocity and magnetic field disturbances are no longer orthogonal (as is the case in the ideal MHD limit) unless the magnetic Prandtl number is unity. We generalize previous results found in the ideal limit and show that a series of key properties of the mean Reynolds and Maxwell stresses also hold for the viscous, resistive MRI. In particular, we show that the Reynolds stress is always positive and the Maxwell stress is always negative. Therefore, even in the presence of viscosity and resistivity, the total mean angular momentum transport is always directed outward. We also find that, for any combination of the Reynolds and magnetic Reynolds numbers, magnetic disturbances dominate both the energetics and the transport of angular momentum and that the total mean energy density is an upper bound for the total mean stress responsible for angular momentum transport. The ratios between the Maxwell and Reynolds stresses and between magnetic and kinetic energy densities increase with decreasing Reynolds numbers for any magnetic Reynolds number; the lowest limit of both ratios is reached in the ideal MHD regime. The analytical results presented here provide new benchmarks for the various algorithms employed to solve the viscous, resistive MHD equations in the shearing box approximation. C1 [Pessah, Martin E.] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Chan, Chi-Kwan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pessah, ME (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM mpessah@ias.edu; ckchan@cfa.harvard.edu OI Pessah, Martin/0000-0001-8716-3563 FU Institute for Advanced Study; ITC Fellowship at Harvard FX We thank Jeremy Goodman and Dimitrios Psaltis for valuable comments and discussions. We are grateful to Roman Shcherbakov for the initial discussions that led to the idea of combining the dispersion relation and its derivative to obtain the asymptotic expressions derived in x 4. M. E. P. gratefully acknowledges support from the Institute for Advanced Study. C. K. C. is supported through an ITC Fellowship at Harvard. M. E. P. and C. K. C. are grateful to the Harvard-Smithsonian Institute for Theory and Computation and the Institute for Advanced Study, respectively, for their hospitality during part of this work. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 498 EP 514 DI 10.1086/589915 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700035 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL AF Cooper, Randall L. TI Damping of type I X-ray burst oscillations by convection SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : bursts ID ACCRETING NEUTRON-STARS; COHERENT OSCILLATIONS; RADIUS EXPANSION; SURFACE-MODES; R-MODES; MILLISECOND OSCILLATIONS; NONRADIAL OSCILLATIONS; THERMONUCLEAR RUNAWAYS; RELATIVISTIC STARS; SPIN FREQUENCY AB I construct a simple model of the convective burning layer during a type I X-ray burst to investigate the effects convection has on the stability of the layer to nonradial oscillations. A linear perturbation analysis demonstrates that the region is stable to nonradial oscillations when energy transport is convection-dominated, but it is unstable when energy transport is radiation-dominated. Thus, efficient convection always dampens oscillations. These results may explain the nondetection of oscillations during the peak of some X-ray bursts. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rcooper@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA [NNG 04-GL38G] FX I thank Ramesh Narayan for his advice and encouragement, Duncan Galloway and Mike Muno for answering my questions about the latest observations of burst oscillations, Deepto Chakrabarty and Tony Piro for helpful discussions, Nevin Weinberg for reviewing the manuscript, and the referee for questions and comments that helped me improve the text. NASA grant NNG 04-GL38G supported this work. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 525 EP 531 DI 10.1086/590424 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700037 ER PT J AU Matthews, LD Libert, Y Gerard, E Le Bertre, T Reid, MJ AF Matthews, L. D. Libert, Y. Gerard, E. Le Bertre, T. Reid, M. J. TI Discovery of an HI counterpart to the extended tail of Mira SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radio lines : stars; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : individual (Mira AB); stars : winds, outflows ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; EVOLVED STARS; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; HIPPARCOS DATA; H-2 EMISSION; LOSS HISTORY; WIND; CO; TELESCOPE AB We report the detection of an H I counterpart to the extended, far-ultraviolet-emitting tail associated with the asymptotic giant branch star Mira (o Ceti). Using the Nancay Radio Telescope (NRT), we have detected emission as far as 880 north of the star, confirming that the tail contains a significant atomic component (M-H I similar to 4 x 10(-3) M-circle dot). The NRT spectra reveal a deceleration of the tail gas caused by interaction with the local interstellar medium. We estimate an age for the tail of similar to 1.2 x 10(5) yr, suggesting that the mass-loss history of Mira has been more prolonged than previous observational estimates. Using the Very Large Array we have also imaged the H I tail out to similar to 12' (0.4 pc) from the star. The detected emission shows a "head-tail" morphology, but with complex substructure. Regions with detected H I emission correlate with far-ultraviolet-luminous regions on large scales, but the two tracers are not closely correlated on smaller scales (less than or similar to 1'). We propose that detectable tails of H I are likely to be a common feature of red giants undergoing mass loss. C1 [Matthews, L. D.; Reid, M. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Libert, Y.; Le Bertre, T.] Observ Paris, LERMA, UMR 8112, F-75014 Paris, France. [Gerard, E.] Observ Paris, GEPI, UMR8111, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Matthews, LD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU French Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Unite de Service et de Recherche (USR) [B704]; AM887 FX We thank R. Perley and the VLA staff for tracking down the RFI problem affecting our early observations. We are also grateful to M. Seibert for providing us with the GALEX FUV image, and to J. Raymond for valuable discussions. The Nancay Radio Observatory is the Unite Scientifique Nancay of the Observatoire de Paris and is associated with the French Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) as the Unite de Service et de Recherche (USR), No. B704. The Observatory also gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Region Centre in France. The VLA observations presented here were part of program AM887. NR 32 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 603 EP 610 DI 10.1086/589968 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700043 ER PT J AU Blake, CH Torres, G Bloom, JS Gaudi, BS AF Blake, Cullen H. Torres, Guillermo Bloom, Joshua S. Gaudi, B. Scott TI A new low-mass eclipsing binary from SDSS-II SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; M-DWARF; COLOR TRANSFORMATIONS; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; OPEN CLUSTERS; BROWN DWARFS; DATA RELEASE; CM-DRACONIS; COOL STARS; 2MASS AB We present observations of a new low-mass, double-lined eclipsing binary system discovered using repeat observations of the celestial equator from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey II. Using near-infrared photometry and optical spectroscopy we have measured the properties of this short-period [P = 0.407037(14) days] system and its two components. We find the following parameters for the two components: M-1 = 0.272 +/- 0.020 M-circle dot, R-1 = 0.268 +/- 0.010 R-circle dot, M-2 = 0.240 +/- 0.022 M-circle dot, R-2 - 0.248 +/- 0.0090 R-circle dot, T-1 - 3320 +/- 130 K, and T-2 - 3300 +/- 130 K. The masses and radii of the two components of this system agree well with theoretical expectations based on models of low-mass stars, within the admittedly large errors. Future synoptic surveys like Pan-STARRS and LSST ill produce a wealth of information about low-mass eclipsing systems and should make it possible, with an increased reliance on follow-up observations, to detect many systems with low-mass and substellar companions. With the large numbers of objects for which these surveys will produce high-quality photometry, we suggest that it becomes possible to identify such systems even with sparse time sampling and a relatively small number of individual observations. C1 [Blake, Cullen H.; Torres, Guillermo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bloom, Joshua S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gaudi, B. Scott] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Blake, CH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cblake@cfa.harvard.edu RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012 FU Harvard Origins of Life Initiative; NSF [AST 07-08229]; NASA's MASSIF SIM Key Project [BLF57-04]; Las Cumbres Observatory; Sloan Research Foundation; Harvard University Milton Fund; University of Virginia; SAO; UC Berkeley; NASA/Swift Guest Investigator [NNG06GH50G]; PAIRITEL; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Participating Institutions; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX We would like to thank D. Charbonneau, L. Eyer, Z. Izevic, D. Latham, and M. Wood-Vasey for useful discussions and assistance that contributed to this work. We thank D. Starr for all of his work on the PAIRITEL system, and J. Southworth for developing the jktebop code and for making it available to the public. We also thank D. Perley and D. Kocevski for assistance with some of our Keck observations. We thank an anonymous referee for thoughtful comments that helped to improve this manuscript. C. H. B. is supported by the Harvard Origins of Life Initiative. G. T. acknowledges partial support from NSF grant AST 07-08229 and NASA's MASSIF SIM Key Project (BLF57-04). J. S. B. is partially supported by Las Cumbres Observatory as well as the Sloan Research Foundation. The Peters Automated Infrared Imaging Telescope (PAIRITEL) is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), and was made possible by a grant from the Harvard University Milton Fund, the camera loan from the University of Virginia, and the continued support of the SAO and UC Berkeley. The PAIRITEL project is further supported by NASA/Swift Guest Investigator Grant NNG06GH50G. We thank M. Skrutskie, E. Falco, and the staff at Fred L. Whipple Observatory for their continued support of the PAIRITEL project. We wish to extend special thanks to those of Hawaiian ancestry on whose sacred mountain we are privileged to be guests. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. NR 46 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 635 EP 643 DI 10.1086/589630 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700047 ER PT J AU Luhman, KL Muench, AA AF Luhman, K. L. Muench, A. A. TI New low-mass stars and brown dwarfs with disks in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : formation; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; TAURUS-AURIGA; DARK CLOUD; ISOCAM OBSERVATIONS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK AB We have used images obtained with the Infrared Array Camera and the Multiband Imaging Photometer on board the Spitzer Space Telescope to search for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs with circumstellar disks in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region. Through optical spectroscopy of sources with red colors in these data, we have identified seven new disk-bearing members of the cluster. Three of these objects are probably brown dwarfs, according to their spectral types (M8, M8.5, M8-L0). Three of the other new members may have edge-on disks, based on the shapes of their infrared spectral energy distributions. One of the possible edge-on systems has a steeply rising slope from 4.5 to 24 mu m, indicating that it could be a Class I source (star+disk+envelope) rather than a Class II source (star+disk). If so, then it would be one of the least massive known Class I protostars (M5.75, M similar to 0.1 M(circle dot)). C1 [Luhman, K. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Muench, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Luhman, KL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kluhman@astro.psu.edu OI Muench, August/0000-0003-0666-6367 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST 05-44588]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX K. L. was supported by grant AST 05-44588 from the National Science Foundation (NSF). This publication makes use of data products from 2MASS, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the NSF. NR 58 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 654 EP 662 DI 10.1086/590364 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700049 ER PT J AU Ho, WCG Potekhin, AY Chabrier, G AF Ho, Wynn C. G. Potekhin, Alexander Y. Chabrier, Gilles TI MODEL X-RAY SPECTRA OF MAGNETIC NEUTRON STARS WITH HYDROGEN ATMOSPHERES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; stars: atmospheres; stars: magnetic fields; stars: neutron; X-rays: stars ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; THERMAL EMISSION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; FIELDS; RADIATION; POLARIZATION; ENVELOPES; OPACITIES; FEATURES; MATTER AB We construct partially ionized hydrogen atmosphere models for magnetized neutron stars in radiative equilibrium with fixed surface fields between B = 10(12) and 2 x 10(13) G and effective temperatures log T(eff) = 5.5-6.8, as well as with surface B and T(eff) distributions around these values. The models are based on the latest equation of state and opacity results for magnetized partially ionized hydrogen plasmas. The atmospheres directly determine the characteristics of thermal emission from the surface of neutron stars. We also incorporate these model spectra into XSPEC, under the model name NSMAX, thus allowing them to be used by the community to fit X-ray observations of neutron stars. C1 [Ho, Wynn C. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Potekhin, Alexander Y.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Chabrier, Gilles] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CRAL UMR CNRS 5574, F-69364 Lyon, France. [Potekhin, Alexander Y.] Isaac Newton Inst Chile, St Petersburg Branch, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Ho, WCG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wynnho@slac.stanford.edu; palex@astro.ioffe.ru; chabrier@ens-lyon.fr RI Potekhin, Alexander/B-9747-2014 OI Potekhin, Alexander/0000-0001-9955-4684 FU NASA [NAG 05-13032]; FASI (Rosnauka) [NSh-2600.2008.2]; RFBR [05-02-22003, 08-02-00837]; CNRS [PICS 3202] FX We thank Keith Arnaud for assistance in incorporating NSMAX into XSPEC and the anonymous referee for helping to improve the clarity of the paper. W. C. G. H. appreciates the use of the computer facilities at the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology. W. C. G. H. is supported by NASA LTSA grant NAG 05-13032. The work of A. Y. P. is supported in part by FASI (Rosnauka) grant NSh-2600.2008.2 and by RFBR grants 05-02-22003 and 08-02-00837. The work of G. C. is supported in part by CNRS grant PICS 3202. NR 61 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 178 IS 1 BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.1086/589238 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 400IT UT WOS:000262862000006 ER PT J AU Boomer, K Bedford, B AF Boomer, Kathleen M. Bailey Bedford, Barbara L. TI Groundwater-induced redox-gradients control soil properties and phosphorus availability across four headwater wetlands, New York, USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alkalinity; Calcium carbonate; Iron; Plant nutrient availability; Sulfate ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; MINNESOTA RIVER-BASIN; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; CALCAREOUS FENS; RIPARIAN ZONE; INTERNAL EUTROPHICATION; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; SPECIES RICHNESS; PLANT DIVERSITY; ORGANIC-CARBON AB Hydrochemical patterns across groundwater-fed wetlands, especially carbonate and redox gradients, can influence phosphorus (P) availability by controlling its distribution among different soil pools. We explored these linkages by comparing shallow (5-20 cm) soil properties along groundwater flowpaths in two rich fens, a marl fen, and a poor fen. Organic matter content, bulk density, and total elemental content varied more with depth to underlying drift materials than with water table fluctuation, but also were influenced by groundwater discharge, which stabilized water table elevations and controlled redox conditions. Total sulfur and calcium content increased where pore-water chemistry indicated active iron and sulfate reduction. Calcium mineral dynamics, however, did not appear to influence P availability: first, calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) accounted for < 2% of the soil composition, except in the marl fen where it accounted for 20-25% of the soil composition. Second, Ca-bound P pools, determined from hydrochloric extraction of wet soil samples, accounted for < 25% of the inorganic soil P pool. In contrast, iron-bound P determined from bicarbonate-buffered dithionite solution, accounted for 50-80% of the inorganic soil P, and increased where there was evidence of groundwater mixing, as did P release rates inferred from incubated anion resin bags. The total carbon and phosphorus content of organic-rich soils as well as available and labile P pools were strongly correlated with pore-water iron and alkalinity concentrations. Groundwater discharge and resulting hydrochemical gradients explained significant variation in soil composition and P availability across each site. Results highlight the importance of conducting biogeochemical studies in the context of a site's shallow geologic setting and suggest mechanisms supporting the diverse plant species unique to groundwater wetlands. C1 [Boomer, Kathleen M. Bailey; Bedford, Barbara L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Boomer, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM boomerk@si.edu FU The Nature Conservancy; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Garden Club of America; National Science Foundation's; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center FX Funding was provided by The Nature Conservancy, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Garden Club of America, and the National Science Foundation's IGERT program awarded through the Biogeochemistry and Environmental Biocomplexity program at Cornell University. Additional support was provided by the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. This work was made possible by an outstanding undergraduate research team and improved by comments from Kathy Crowley, Sam Simkin, Eran Hood, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 88 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD SEP PY 2008 VL 90 IS 3 BP 259 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9251-2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 368IE UT WOS:000260614000003 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. TI Better REDD than dead - Response SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP PY 2008 VL 58 IS 8 BP 677 EP 677 DI 10.1641/B580819 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 346GZ UT WOS:000259058100003 ER PT J AU Wortley, AH Funk, VA Skvarla, JJ AF Wortley, Alexandra H. Funk, V. A. Skvarla, John J. TI Pollen and the evolution of Arctotideae (Compositae) SO BOTANICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Arctoteae; Arctotidinae; Asteraceae; characters; Gorteriinae; palynology; phylogeny ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MAJOR CLADES; TRNL-F; ASTERACEAE; PHYLOGENY; NDHF AB Recent molecular studies have elucidated the phylogeny of Compositae tribe Arctotideae, and found it to contain two, well supported, monophyletic subtribes, Arctotidineae and Gorteriinae, as well as some polyphyletic and problematic genera. On the basis of this new information, it may now be possible to identify diagnostic characters and synapomorphies to support the groupings defined within Arctotideae. Pollen characters have been shown to be particularly variable in Compositae. This paper aims to investigate the utility of those characters in the context of recent molecular phylogenies, in order to determine synapomorphic and diagnostic characters in Arctotideae. The pollen of each genus is described, illustrated with scanning electron micrographs, and optimised on a phylogeny of the tribe. Many pollen characters were found to be very informative when considered in the context of the current best estimate of phylogenetic relationships. Pollen morphology provides synapomorphies for clades at a number of hierarchical levels within Arctotideae, including the two subtribes, Arctotidinae and Gorteriinae, the grouping of Eremothamnus and Hoplophyllum, and smaller clades. It also supports the exclusion of Platycarpha from the tribe. The plesiomorphic palynological state for the tribe is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of different patterns of lophae (surface ridges). A single origin for the lophate condition is proposed as the most parsimonious mode of evolution in Arctotideae. C1 [Wortley, Alexandra H.] Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland. [Funk, V. A.] MRC 166, Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Herbarium, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Skvarla, John J.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Skvarla, John J.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Wortley, AH (reprint author), Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland. EM a.wortley@rbge.ac.uk NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-8101 J9 BOT REV JI Bot. Rev. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 BP 438 EP 466 DI 10.1007/s12229-008-9014-8 PG 29 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 344YK UT WOS:000258963000003 ER PT J AU Konstantinov, AS Prathapain, KD AF Konstantinov, A. S. Prathapain, K. D. TI NEW GENERIC SYNONYMS IN THE ORIENTAL FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB The following new synonyms are proposed for the genera and species of flea beetles predominantly from the Oriental Region: Pseudocrypta Medvedev, 1996 and Sebaethiella Medvedev, 1993 = Acrocrypta Baly, 1862; Bhutajana Scherer, 1979 = Aphthona Chevrolat 1836; Burmaltica Scherer, 1969 = Aphthonaltica Heikertinger, 1924; Aphthonomorpha Chen. 1934 and Manobidia Chen. 1934 = Bikasha Maulik, 1931; Gauruda Scherer, 1969 = Chalaenosoma Jacoby, 1893; Priostomus Jacoby, 1884 = Chaloenus Westwood, 1862; Throscoryssa Maulik, 1928 = Clitea Baly, 1877; Eucyclomela Chen, 1934 and Schenklingia Csiki & Heikertinger, 1940 = Halticorcus Lea, 1990 = Lipromela Chen. 1933; Asiorella Medvedev, 1990 = Liprus Motschulsky, 1860; Docemasia Jacoby, 1899 = Luperomorpha Weise, 1887; Ceylonaltica Doeberl, 1996 and Mesopa Jacoby, 1903 = Micraphthona Jacoby, 1900; Martensomela Medvedev, 1984 and Nepalicrepis Scherer, 1969 = Microcrepis Chen, 1933; Nepalicrepis darjeelingensis Scherer, 1969 = Microcrepis politus Chen, 1933; Epithrella Medvedev, 1993 and Livoliella Medvedev, 1997 = Orthaltica Crotch, 1873; Chabriosoma Chen, 1934 = Phygasoma Jacoby, 1898; Letzuana Chen, 1934 = Phyllotreta Chevrolat, 1836; Kimotoa Gruev, 1985 = Sphaeroderma Stephens, 1831; Amydus Chen, 1935, Monodaltica Bechyne, 1955, Trachyaphthona Heikertinger, 1924, and Typhodes Samuelson, 1984 = Trachytetra Sharp, 1886. Habitus and/or other morphological structures are illustrated for each genus under consideration. C1 [Konstantinov, A. S.] Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Prathapain, K. D.] Kerala Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Trivandrum 695522, Kerala, India. RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alex.konstantinov@ars.usda.gov; prathapankd@gmail.com NR 58 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 62 IS 3 BP 381 EP 418 DI 10.1649/1089.1 PG 38 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 364GF UT WOS:000260323500005 ER PT J AU Littler, MM Littler, DS AF Littler, M. M. Littler, D. S. TI Coralline algal rhodoliths form extensive benthic communities in the Gulf of Chiriqui, Pacific Panama SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Littler, M. M.; Littler, D. S.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Littler, MM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM littlerm@si.edu NR 2 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 553 EP 553 DI 10.1007/s00338-008-0368-5 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 332MA UT WOS:000258085900012 ER PT J AU Petersen, D Laterveer, M Carl, M Borneman, E Brittsan, M Hagedorn, M Schick, M AF Petersen, D. Laterveer, M. Carl, M. Borneman, E. Brittsan, M. Hagedorn, M. Schick, M. TI Noah's Ark for the threatened Elkhorn coral Acropora palmata SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Petersen, D.; Laterveer, M.] Rotterdam Zoo, NL-3000 AM Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Carl, M.] Omahas Henry Doorly Zoo, Omaha, NE 68107 USA. [Borneman, E.] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77459 USA. [Brittsan, M.] Columbus Zoo & Aquarium, Powell, OH 43065 USA. [Hagedorn, M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Schick, M.] John G Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Petersen, D (reprint author), Rotterdam Zoo, POBox 532, NL-3000 AM Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM d.petersen@rotterdamzoo.nl NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 715 EP 715 DI 10.1007/s00338-008-0385-4 PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 332MA UT WOS:000258085900035 ER PT J AU Woodhams, DC Kilburn, VL Reinert, LK Voyles, J Medina, D Ibanez, R Hyatt, AD Boyle, DG Pask, JD Green, DM Rollins-Smith, LA AF Woodhams, Douglas C. Kilburn, Vanessa L. Reinert, Laura K. Voyles, Jamie Medina, Daniel Ibanez, Roberto Hyatt, Alex D. Boyle, Donna G. Pask, James D. Green, David M. Rollins-Smith, Louise A. TI Chytridiomycosis and Amphibian Population Declines Continue to Spread Eastward in Panama SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE amphibian; Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; chytridiomycosis; emerging disease; Panama; population declines ID CHYTRID BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; COSTA-RICA; DISEASE; BIODIVERSITY; MORTALITY; COMMUNITY; FUNGUS; LIFE AB Chytridiomycosis is a globally emerging disease of amphibians and the leading cause of population declines and extirpations at species-diverse montane sites in Central America. We continued long-term monitoring efforts for the presence of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and for amphibian populations at two sites in western Panama, and we began monitoring at three new sites to the east. Population declines associated with chytridiomycosis emergence were detected at Altos de Campana National Park. We also detected Bd in three species east of the Panama Canal at Soberania National Park, and prevalence data suggests that Bd may be enzootic in the lowlands of the park. However, no infected frogs were found further east at Torti (prevalence < 7.5% with 95% confidence). Our results suggest that Panama's diverse and not fully described amphibian communities east of the canal are at risk. Precise predictions of future disease emergence events are not possible until factors underlying disease emergence, such as dispersal, are understood. However, if the fungal pathogen spreads in a pattern consistent with previous disease events in Panama, then detection of Bd at Torti and other areas east of the Panama Canal is imminent. Therefore, development of new management strategies and increased precautions for tourism, recreation, and biology are urgently needed. C1 [Woodhams, Douglas C.] Univ Zurich, Inst Zool, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kilburn, Vanessa L.; Green, David M.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Kilburn, Vanessa L.; Ibanez, Roberto] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Reinert, Laura K.; Pask, James D.; Rollins-Smith, Louise A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol & Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Voyles, Jamie] James Cook Univ, Sch Publ Hlth Trop Biol & Rehabil Sci, Amphibian Dis Ecol Grp, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Ibanez, Roberto] Univ Panama, Dept Zool, Panama City, Panama. [Ibanez, Roberto] Circulo Herpetol Panama, Panama City, Panama. [Hyatt, Alex D.; Boyle, Donna G.] CSIRO Livestock Ind, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. RP Woodhams, DC (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Zool, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. EM dwoodhams@gmail.com; vanessa.kilburn@mcgill.ca; laura.reinert@vanderbilt.edu; jamie.voyles@jcu.edu.au; daniel_medina1984@hotmail.com; ibanezr@si.edu; alex.hyatt@csiro.au; donna.boyle@csiro.au; james.d.pask@vanderbilt.edu; david.m.green@mcgill.ca; louise.rollins-smith@vanderbilt.edu RI Woodhams, Douglas/B-1962-2012 NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD SEP PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 268 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s10393-008-0190-0 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397XU UT WOS:000262696500005 PM 18807089 ER PT J AU Morlon, H Chuyong, G Condit, R Hubbell, S Kenfack, D Thomas, D Valencia, R Green, JL AF Morlon, Helene Chuyong, George Condit, Richard Hubbell, Stephen Kenfack, David Thomas, Duncan Valencia, Renato Green, Jessica L. TI A general framework for the distance-decay of similarity in ecological communities SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE beta-diversity; distance-decay relationship; Poisson Cluster Process; sampling biodiversity; Sorensen index; spatial aggregation; spatial turnover; species-abundance distribution; species-area relationship; tropical forests ID SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIPS; BETA-DIVERSITY; TROPICAL FORESTS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; NORTH-AMERICA; SCALE; DISTRIBUTIONS; ABUNDANCE; TURNOVER; LANDSCAPE AB Species spatial turnover, or beta-diversity, induces a decay of community similarity with geographic distance known as the distance-decay relationship. Although this relationship is central to biodiversity and biogeography, its theoretical underpinnings remain poorly understood. Here, we develop a general framework to describe how the distance-decay relationship is influenced by population aggregation and the landscape-scale species-abundance distribution. We utilize this general framework and data from three tropical forests to show that rare species have a weak influence on distance-decay curves, and that overall similarity and rates of decay are primarily influenced by species abundances and population aggregation respectively. We illustrate the utility of the framework by deriving an exact analytical expression of the distance-decay relationship when population aggregation is characterized by the Poisson Cluster Process. Our study provides a foundation for understanding the distance-decay relationship, and for predicting and testing patterns of beta-diversity under competing theories in ecology. C1 [Morlon, Helene; Green, Jessica L.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA USA. [Chuyong, George] Univ Buea, Dept Life Sci, Buea, Cameroon. [Condit, Richard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. [Hubbell, Stephen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kenfack, David] Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. [Thomas, Duncan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Valencia, Renato] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Plant Ecol Lab, Sch Biol Sci, Quito, Ecuador. RP Morlon, H (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM morlon.helene@gmail.com RI Green, Jessica/C-4828-2009 FU National Science Foundation FX We are grateful to Joshua Plotkin and John Harte for their comments on this work throughout its development. We also thank Jerome Chave and three anonymous referees for very useful comments on our manuscript. We acknowledge Brendan Bohannan, Jessica Bryant, Hector Garcia-Martin and James O'Dwyer for stimulating discussions. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Biological & Environmental Research through the U.C. Merced Center for Computational Biology thanks to Mike Colvin, who also provided scientific support. J. L. G. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation. The tropical forests studied in this manuscript are part of the Center for Tropical Forest Science, a global network of large-scale demographic tree plots. We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the many dedicated people and generous founders that have made this data set possible. NR 53 TC 112 Z9 119 U1 7 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 11 IS 9 BP 904 EP 917 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01202.x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 349EB UT WOS:000259263000003 PM 18494792 ER PT J AU Gates, M Correaa, JM Sivinski, J Ramirez-Romero, R Cordova-Garcia, G Aluja, M AF Gates, M. Mena Correaa, J. Sivinski, J. Ramirez-Romero, R. Cordova-Garcia, G. Aluja, M. TI Description of the immature stages of Eurytoma sivinskii Gates and Grissell (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), an ectoparasitoid of Anastrepha (Diptera: Teprihritidae) pupae in Mexico SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Eurytoma; Eurytomidae; ectoparasitoid; Anastrepha; Tephritidae ID FINAL-INSTAR LARVAE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; LIFE-HISTORY; BIOLOGY; CHALCIDOIDEA; TEPHRITIDAE; ASTERACEAE; GRASSES AB We describe and illustrate for the first time the egg, larva, and pupa of Eurytoma sivinskii Gates and Grissell (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a parasitoid that attacks Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) pupae in Veracruz, Mexico. We obtained the immature stages of E. sivinskii using lab-reared A. ludens (Loew) pupae as hosts. C1 [Gates, M.] Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Mena Correaa, J.; Ramirez-Romero, R.; Cordova-Garcia, G.; Aluja, M.] Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. [Sivinski, J.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Gates, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, ARS,USDA, MRC-168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.gates@ars.usda.gov; jackiemec@yahoo.com.mx; john.sivinski@ars.usda.gov; rramireze@cucba.udg.mx; azolla29@yahoo.com; martin.aluja@inecol.edu.mx FU Mexican Campana Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta (Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural y Pesca - Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion para la Agricultura (SAGARPA-IICA); United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS); INECOL; Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) [FB325/H296/96]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT)/Fondo del Sistema de Investigacion del Golfo de Mexico (SIGOLFO) [SIG96001/96-01-003-V] FX We gratefully acknowledge the help of Armando Torres Anaya, Cecilia Martinez Arcos, Jovita Martinez Tlapa, and Sandy Mendez Trejo (all Instituto de Ecologia, A. C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico [INECOL]), who helped rear the parasitoids used during this study. Larissa Guillen, Andrea Birke, and Martin Pale (also INECOL) helped organize experiments, supplied needed materials and provided critical advice along the way. Financial support for this study was furnished principally by the Mexican Campana Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta (Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural y Pesca - Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion para la Agricultura (SAGARPA-IICA). Additional funds were provided by the United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and INECOL. Given that E. sivinskii was discovered while conducting studies funded by the Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO; Project Number FB325/H296/96) and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT)/Fondo del Sistema de Investigacion del Golfo de Mexico (SIGOLFO, Project Number SIG96001/96-01-003-V), we also gratefully acknowledge their support. Information reported here forms part of the undergraduate thesis of JCM (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico [UNAM]), directed by MA. We also thank Thomas Henry and John Brown (Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL], PSI, ARS, USDA) and David Smith (SEL, retired) for their critical review of this paper, Jeffrey Chiu (SEL) for his efforts with imaging, and Scott Whittaker (SEM Lab Manager of the Scanning Electron Microscopy Lab, SI, NMNH) for stub preparation and SEM access. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 119 IS 4 BP 354 EP 360 DI 10.3157/0013-872X-119.4.354 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 394ZU UT WOS:000262492500016 ER PT J AU McMullen, A AF McMullen, Ann TI Three Centuries of Woodland Indian Art: A Collection of Essays SO ETHNOHISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [McMullen, Ann] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Indian, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McMullen, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Indian, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 0014-1801 J9 ETHNOHISTORY JI Ethnohistory PD FAL PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 680 EP 681 DI 10.1215/00141801-2008-022 PG 2 WC Anthropology; History SC Anthropology; History GA 360KG UT WOS:000260055800013 ER PT J AU Eberhard, WG Barrantes, G Madrigal-Brenes, R AF Eberhard, W. G. Barrantes, G. Madrigal-Brenes, R. TI Vestiges of an orb-weaving ancestor? The "biogenetic law" and ontogenetic changes in the webs and building behavior of the black widow spider Latrodectus geometricus (Araneae Theridiidae) SO ETHOLOGY ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE spider webs; orb webs; behavioral ontogeny; biogenetic law; Wendilgarda; Comaroma ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS; CONSTRUCTION; ARANEIDAE; EVOLUTION; THERIDIOSOMATIDAE; PREY; GENERALISTS; SPECIALISTS; ULOBORIDAE AB Young juveniles of L. geometricus fit the strong trend for "ontogeny to repeat phylogeny" previously documented in other web-building spiders; younger spiders were less likely to build the derived silk retreats that occur at the edges of webs of adults. Younger individuals also consistently built more highly organized webs, with radial lines that converge on a central, horizontal disc and that support regularly spaced, sticky "gumfoot" lines. Some details of how radial and gumfoot lines were built suggest that the radial and gumfoot lines and the behavior involved in their construction may be homologous with traits associated with radii and sticky spirals in aranoid orb webs. The numerous convergences between the webs and building behavior of young L. geometricus and the highly modified webs and building behavior of genera of the orb weaving families Theridiosomatidae (Wendilgarda) and Anapidae (Comaroma), which have independently replaced orbs with webs designed to capture prey on surfaces near the web, suggest a new hypothesis for how gumfoot theridiid webs may have evolved from orbs. C1 [Eberhard, W. G.] Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Eberhard, W. G.; Barrantes, G.; Madrigal-Brenes, R.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Eberhard, WG (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ciudad Univ, San Jose, Costa Rica. FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Universidad de Costa Rica FX We thank Dra. Olga Guerrero, Monika Springer, and Mark Stowe for helping us find spiders, Ingi Agnarsson for help identifying them, Jeremy Miller for allowing us to cite unpublished observations, and I. Agnarsson and John Wenzel for comments on the manuscript. We received financial support from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Universidad de Costa Rica. NR 67 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE PI FLORENCE PA C/O PROF F DESSI-FULGHERI, VIA ROMANA 17, 50125 FLORENCE, ITALY SN 0394-9370 J9 ETHOL ECOL EVOL JI Ethol. Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 20 IS 3 BP 211 EP 244 PG 34 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 373EX UT WOS:000260954900002 ER PT J AU Dobbs, TT Henry, TJ AF Dobbs, Thomas T. Henry, Thomas J. TI Update on the establishment of Paragonatas divergens (Hemiptera : Rhyparochromidae) in Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dobbs, Thomas T.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Miami Plant Inspect Stn, Miami, FL 33266 USA. [Henry, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Dobbs, TT (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Miami Plant Inspect Stn, POB 660520, Miami, FL 33266 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 91 IS 3 BP 477 EP 478 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2008)91[477:UOTEOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 346EE UT WOS:000259050500021 ER PT J AU Franco, EFM Roche, DG Torchin, ME AF Franco, Edgar F. Mendoza Roche, Dominique G. Torchin, Mark E. TI New species of Diplectanum (Monogenoidea: Diplectanidae), and proposal of a new genus of the Dactylogyridae from the gills of gerreid fishes (Teleostei) from Mexico and Panama SO FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Monogenoidea; Diplectanidae; Dactylogyridae; Diplectanum; Octouncuhaptor; Diplectanum gatunense; Diplectanum. mexicanum; Octouncuhaptor eugerrei; Eugerres brasilianus; Diapterus rhombeus; Panama; Mexico ID WESTERN ATLANTIC; NEOTROPICAL MONOGENOIDEA; SCIAENIDAE; PERCIFORMES; DIAPTERUS; PARASITES; REVISION; PISCES; GENERA; BRAZIL AB While investigating the parasites of several marine fishes from the Western Atlantic, the Southern Gulf of Mexico and Central America (Panama), the following monogenoidean species from the gills of gerreid fishes (Gerreidae) were found: Dipletanum gatunense sp. n. (Diplectanidae) and Octouncuhaptor eugerrei gen. et sp. n. (Dactylogyridae) in Eugerres brasilianus (Cuvier) from Gatun Lake in the Panama Canal Watershed, and Diplectanum mexicanum sp. n. in Diapterus rhombeus (Cuvier) from the coast of Campeche State, Mexico. New diplectanid species are distinguished from other species of the genus by the general morphology of the copulatory complex and by the shape of the anchors and bars on the haptor. Octouncuhaptor gen. n. is proposed for its new species having slightly overlapping gonads (testis posterodorsal to the ovary), a dextrolateral vaginal aperture a copulatory complex consisting of a coiled male copulatory organ with counterclockwise rings with the base articulated to the accessory piece, 8 pairs of hooks and the absence of anchors and bars on haptor. Our analysis of morphological features of Diplectanum species oil gerreids evidences that these parasites more closely resemble each other than the known species from sciaenids suggesting that split between gerreids and sciaenids resulted in parasite speciation. C1 [Franco, Edgar F. Mendoza] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Parasitol, Ctr Biol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Franco, Edgar F. Mendoza; Roche, Dominique G.; Torchin, Mark E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Roche, Dominique G.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A1, Canada. RP Franco, EFM (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Parasitol, Ctr Biol, Branisovska 31, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. EM oberon.men@gmail.com RI Roche, Dominique/K-7426-2012 FU STRI; NSERC; OQAJ FX We thank M. Hernandez-Santillana and D. Arceo (CINVESTAV-Merida, Mexico) for collecting D. rhombeus from the Gulf Of Mexico. D.R. Robertson (Smithsonian Tropical Research institution - STRI) identified the specimens of E. brasilianus and P. Pilitt front the U.S. National Parasite Collection provided cotype and voucher specimens of D. wenningeri for Study. Financial support was provided by the STRI through a postdoctoral fellowship to EFMF. DGR acknowledges grants from NSERC and OQAJ for supporting the field work of this study. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31,, CESKE BUDEJOVICE 370 05, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0015-5683 J9 FOLIA PARASIT JI Folia Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 55 IS 3 BP 171 EP 179 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 364IJ UT WOS:000260329100002 PM 19202675 ER PT J AU Bayona, G Cortes, M Jaramillo, C Ojeda, G Aristizabal, JJ Reyes-Harker, A AF Bayona, German Cortes, Martin Jaramillo, Carlos Ojeda, German Aristizabal, John Jairo Reyes-Harker, Andres TI An integrated analysis of an orogen-sedimentary basin pair: Latest Cretaceous-Cenozoic evolution of the linked Eastern Cordillera orogen and the Llanos foreland basin of Colombia SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE foreland basin; Cenozoic stratigraphy; basin inversion; orogenic belts; Cenozoic tectonics; Llanos Basin; Colombia ID MIDDLE MAGDALENA VALLEY; NORTHERN SOUTH-AMERICA; FISSION-TRACK AGES; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; WESTERN VENEZUELA; CUSIANA FIELD; ILANOS BASIN; ANDES; DEFORMATION; FOOTHILLS AB The integration of restored basin geometry and internal features of syntectonic units (e.g., stratal architecture, thickness, sandstone composition) with flexural modeling of the lithosphere constrains the evolution of a basin and its flexural history related to orogenic growth (spatial/temporal loading configuration). Using this approach, we determined the Maastrichtian-Cenozoic polyphase growth of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, an inverted Mesozoic extensional basin. The record of this growth occurs in an Andean (post-middle Miocene) thrust belt (the Eastern Cordillera) and in adjacent foreland basins, such as the Lianos Basin to the east. This approach permitted the identification of five tectono-stratigraphic sequences in the foreland basin and five phases of shortening for the Eastern Cordillera. Thermochronological and geochronological data support the spatial and temporal evolution of the orogen-foreland basin pair. Tectono-stratigraphic sequences were identified in two restored cross sections, one located at a salient and the other in a recess on the eastern flank of the Eastern Cordillera. The lower two sequences correspond to late Maastrichtian-Palcocene flexural events and record the eastward migration of both tectonic loading and depositional zero in the Lianos Basin. These sequences consist of amalgamated quartzarenites that abruptly grade upward to organic-rich fine-grained beds and, to the top, light-colored mudstones interbedded with litharenites in isolated channels. Amalgamated conglomeratic quartzose sandstones of the third sequence record similar to 15 m.y. of slow subsidence in the Lianos Basin and Lianos foothills during early to middle Eocene time, while shortening was taking place farther west in the Magdalena Valley. The fourth sequence, of late Eocenemiddle Miocene age, records a new episode of eastward migration of tectonic loads and depositional zero in the Llanos Basin. This sequence begins with deposition of thick fine-grained strata to the west, whereas to the east, in the Llanos basin, amalgamated quartzarenites unconformably overlie Cretaceous and older rocks (former forebulge). Apatite fission tracks in the axial zone of the Eastern Cordillera, growth strata in the Llanos foothills, and synextensional strata on the forebulge of the Lianos Basin constrain deformation patterns for this time. The post-middle Miocene Andean event initiated with regional flooding of the foreland basin in response the widening of tectonic loading, after which the foredeep was filled with coarse-grained alluvial and fluvial detritus derived from the Eastern Cordillera. The geometry of tectonic loads, constrained by flexural models, reveals shortening events of greater magnitude for the uppermost two sequences than for pre-middie Eocene sequences. Tectonic loads for the late Maastrichtian-middle Eocene phases of shortening were less than 3 km high and 100 km wide. For the late Eocene-middle Miocene phase, tectonic loads changed southward from 6 km to less than 4 km, and loads were wider to the north. The strong Andean inversion formed today's Eastern Cordillera structural configuration and had equivalent tectonic loads of 10-11 km. Integrated analysis is necessary in polyphase orogenic belts to define the spatial and temporal variation of tectonic load and foreland basin configurations and to serve studies that seek to quantify exhumation and three-dimensional analyses of thrust belts. For the Eastern Cordillera, thermochronological sampling must span the width of the Eastern Cordillera rather than be concentrated in a single range. C1 [Bayona, German; Jaramillo, Carlos] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Bayona, German; Cortes, Martin] Corp Geol ARES, Bogota, Colombia. [Ojeda, German; Reyes-Harker, Andres] Inst Colombiano Petr, Bucaramanga, Colombia. [Aristizabal, John Jairo] Ecopetrol SA, Bogota, Colombia. RP Bayona, G (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM gbayona@cgares.org NR 104 TC 60 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 20 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 120 IS 9-10 BP 1171 EP 1197 DI 10.1130/B26187.1 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 344NQ UT WOS:000258934900006 ER PT J AU Marks, MAW Rudnick, RL Ludwig, T Marschall, H Zack, T Halama, R McDonough, WF Rost, D Wenzel, T Vicenzi, EP Savov, IP Altherr, R Markl, G AF Marks, Michael A. W. Rudnick, Roberta L. Ludwig, Thomas Marschall, Horst Zack, Thomas Halama, Ralf McDonough, William F. Rost, Detlef Wenzel, Thomas Vicenzi, Edward P. Savov, Ivan P. Altherr, Rainer Markl, Gregor TI Sodic pyroxene and sodic amphibole as potential reference materials for in situ lithium isotope determinations by SIMS SO GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY DE reference material; Li isotopes; aegirine; arfvedsonite; Ilimaussaq ID SOUTH GREENLAND; LI ISOTOPE; ILIMAUSSAQ INTRUSION; PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS; SILICATE-GLASSES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ICP-MS; FRACTIONATION; BORON; MANTLE AB Two large pegmatitic crystals of sodic pyroxene (aegirine) and sodic amphibole (arfvedsonite) from the agpaitic igneous Ilimaussaq Complex, south Greenland were found to be suitable as reference materials for in situ Li isotope determinations. Lithium concentrations determined by SIMS and micro-drilled material analysed by MC-ICP-MS generally agreed within analytical uncertainty. The arfvedsonite crystal was homogeneous with [Li] = 639 +/- 51 mu g g(-1) (2s, n = 69, MC-ICP-MS and SIMS results). The aegirine crystal shows strongly developed sector zoning, which is a common feature of aegirines. Using qualitative element mapping techniques (EPMA), the homogeneous core of the crystal was easily distinguished from the outermost sectors of the crystals. The core had a mean [Li] of 47.6 +/- 3.6 mu g g(-1) (2s, n = 33) as determined by SIMS. The seven micro-drilled regions measured by solution MC-ICP-MS returned slightly lower concentrations (41-46 mu g g(-1)), but still overlap with the SIMS data within uncertainty. Based on MC-ICP-MS and SIMS analyses, the variation in delta(7)Li was about 1 parts per thousand in each of the two crystals, which is smaller than that in widely used glass reference materials, making these two samples suitable to serve as reference materials. There was, however, a significant offset between the results of MC-ICP-MS and SIMS. The latter deviated from the MC-ICP-MS results by -6.0 +/- 1.9 parts per thousand (2s) for the amphibole and by -3.9 +/- 1.9 parts per thousand (2s) for the aegirine. This indicates the presence of a significant matrix effect in SIMS determinations of Li isotopes for amphibole and pyroxene relative to the basalt glasses used for calibration. Based on the MC-ICP-MS results, mean delta(7)Li values of +0.7 +/- 1.2 parts per thousand (2s, n = 10) for the arfvedsonite crystal and of -3.7 +/- 1.2 parts per thousand (2s, n = 7) for the core of the aegirine crystal were calculated. Adopting these values, SIMS users can correct for the specific IMF (instrumental mass fractionation) of the ion probe used. We propose that these two crystals serve as reference materials for in situ Li isotope determinations by SIMS and pieces of these two crystals are available from the first author upon request. C1 [Marks, Michael A. W.; Wenzel, Thomas; Markl, Gregor] Univ Tubingen, Inst Geowissensch, AB Mineral & Geodynam, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Rudnick, Roberta L.; Halama, Ralf; McDonough, William F.] Univ Maryland, Geochem Lab, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ludwig, Thomas; Zack, Thomas; Altherr, Rainer] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Mineral, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Marschall, Horst] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Rost, Detlef; Vicenzi, Edward P.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Savov, Ivan P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Marks, MAW (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Geowissensch, AB Mineral & Geodynam, Wilhelmstr 56, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. EM michael.marks@uni-tuebingen.de RI Zack, Thomas/C-6153-2009; Marschall, Horst/E-1661-2011; McDonough, William/C-4791-2009; Zack, Thomas/K-7228-2013; McDonough, William/I-7720-2012; OI Marschall, Horst/0000-0002-0609-682X; McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673; Zack, Thomas/0000-0003-4747-4134; McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673; Halama, Ralf/0000-0002-9770-6784; Rudnick, Roberta/0000-0003-1559-7463 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1639-4488 J9 GEOSTAND GEOANAL RES JI Geostand. Geoanal. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 32 IS 3 BP 295 EP 310 DI 10.1111/j.1751-908X.2008.00895.x PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 355AL UT WOS:000259680900005 ER PT J AU Viola, HJ AF Viola, Herman J. TI Gall: Lakota War Chief SO GREAT PLAINS QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Viola, Herman J.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Viola, HJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENT GREAT PLAINS STUD PI LINCOLN PA UNIV NEBRASKA-LINCOLN 1214 OLDFATHER HALL, LINCOLN, NE 68588-0313 USA SN 0275-7664 J9 GREAT PLAINS QUART JI Gt. Plains Q. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 326 EP 327 PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 375MR UT WOS:000261118500007 ER PT J AU Funk, WC Angulo, A Caldwell, JP Ryan, MJ Cannatella, DC AF Funk, W. Chris Angulo, Ariadne Caldwell, Janalee P. Ryan, Michael J. Cannatella, David C. TI COMPARISON OF MORPHOLOGY AND CALLS OF TWO CRYPTIC SPECIES OF PHYSALAEMUS (ANURA: LEIUPERIDAE) SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Advertisement call; Amazon Basin; Anura; Cryptic species; Leiuperidae; Morphology; Natural history; Physalaemus freibergi; Physalaemus petersi ID SEXUAL SELECTION; WESTERN ECUADOR; LEPTODACTYLIDAE; FROG; PERU; ENGYSTOMOPS; ENVIRONMENT; PHYLOGENY; COMMUNITY; SIGNALS AB We analyzed and described quantitative differences in morphology and calls of Physalaemus petersi and P. freibergi, both members of the monophyletic Physalaemus pustulosus species group. We found significant differences between the two species in both morphometric and call parameters. Physalaemus petersi has proportionately longer legs and a narrower dorsum and head than P. freibergi. The calls of P. petersi are higher in frequency and longer than P. freibergi. Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) of morphometric variables correctly classified 76.7-87.4% of individuals to species. DFA of call variables correctly classified 96.8-100.0% of males to species. Physalaemus petersi is found north of the Rio Maranon and Rio Amazonas in eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and southeastern Colombia; P. freibergi is found south of these rivers in Amazonian Brazil, southeastern Peru, and Amazonian Bolivia. Calls and geographic locations are the most reliable means of identifying these species in the field. C1 [Funk, W. Chris; Ryan, Michael J.; Cannatella, David C.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Angulo, Ariadne] Museo Hist Nat San Marcos, Dept Herpetol, Lima, Peru. [Caldwell, Janalee P.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum Nat Hist, Norman, OK 73032 USA. [Ryan, Michael J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Cannatella, David C.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mem Museum, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Funk, WC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Chris.Funk@colostate.edu FU National Science Foundation [0078150]; [DEB-9200779]; [DEB-9505518] FX We thank J. Espinoza and K. Ramirez (Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales) and J. P. Barriga (Estacion Cientifica Yasuni) for assisting with permits; S. Padilla, and C. Torres-Gastello for assistance in the field; K. Holle and Rainforest Expeditions (Tambopata Research Center, Posada Amazonas), P. Jenson and S. Madigosky (Amazon Conservancy for Tropical Studies, Explorama Lodges), E. Schwartz (La Selva Lodge), D. Romo and K. Swing (Tiputini Biodiversity Station), and the employees of Sani Lodge and Tom Quesenberry (Sani Lodge) for providing accommodations in the field; J. Cordova and C. Aguilar (Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, MUSM) and L. Coloma, I. Tapia, and D. Almeida-Reinoso (Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, QCAZ) for providing curatorial assistance and facilitating research in Peru and Ecuador, respectively; T.C. Avila-Pires for logistical help and arranging permits in Brazil; J. Cordova and C. Aguilar (MUSM), L. Coloma (QCAZ), L. Trueb and R. Brown (Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas), W. R. Heyer (Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History), J. McGuire (Museum of Vertebrate Zoology), L. Fitzgerald (Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection), A. Leviton (California Academy of Sciences), J. Rosado (Museum of Comparative Zoology), and C. Wolfe (Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History) for providing specimen loans; and S. Ron and T. LaDuc for assistance at the Texas Memorial Museum. We thank W. R. Heyer and one anonymous reviewer for comments on the manuscript. The Peruvian Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales provided research and export permit numbers 08-C/C-2004-INRENA-IANP, 032-2004-INRENA-IFFS-DCB, and 003886-AG-INRENA; the Ecuadorian Ministerio de Ambiente provide research and collection permit number 004-IC-FAU- DN BAI'\/S/MA. Permits to conduct research and collect specimens in Brazil were issued by Couselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Portaria MCT no 170) and Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis (IBAMA, no 073/94-DIFAS). We acknowledge the National Science Foundation for funding from the IRCEB grant 0078150 to MJR and DCC and from grants DEB-9200779 and DEB-9505518 to L J. Vitt and JPC. This is publication number 51 of the Yanayacu Natural History Research Group. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD SEP PY 2008 VL 64 IS 3 BP 290 EP 304 DI 10.1655/08-019.1 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 376ZX UT WOS:000261222600004 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JS Green, KC Soon, W AF Armstrong, J. Scott Green, Kesten C. Soon, Willie TI Polar Bear Population Forecasts: A Public-Policy Forecasting Audit SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE adaptation; bias; climate change; decision making; endangered species; expert opinion; extinction; evaluation; evidence-based principles; expert judgment; forecasting methods; global warming; habitat loss; mathematical models; scientific method; sea ice ID BEAUFORT SEA; EXTRAPOLATION; ICE AB Calls to list polar bears as a threatened species under the United States Endangered Species Act are based on forecasts of substantial long-term declines in their population. Nine government reports were written to help US Fish and Wildlife Service managers decide whether or not to list polar bears as a threatened species. We assessed these reports based on evidence-based (scientific) forecasting principles. None of the reports referred to sources of scientific forecasting methodology. Of the nine, Amstrup et al. [Amstrup, S. C., B. G. Marcot, D. C. Douglas. 2007. Forecasting the rangewide status of polar bears at selected times in the 21st century. Administrative Report, USGS Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK.] and Hunter et al. [Hunter, C. M., H. Caswell, M. C. Runge, S. C. Amstrup, E. V. Regehr, I. Stirling. 2007. Polar bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea II: Demography and population growth in relation to sea ice conditions. Administrative Report, USGS Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK.] were the most relevant to the listing decision, and we devoted our attention to them. Their forecasting procedures depended on a complex set of assumptions, including the erroneous assumption that general circulation models provide valid forecasts of summer sea ice in the regions that polar bears inhabit. Nevertheless, we audited their conditional forecasts of what would happen to the polar bear population assuming, as the authors did, that the extent of summer sea ice would decrease substantially during the coming decades. We found that Amstrup et al. properly applied 15 percent of relevant forecasting principles and Hunter et al. 10 percent. Averaging across the two papers, 46 percent of the principles were clearly contravened and 23 percent were apparently contravened. Consequently, their forecasts are unscientific and inconsequential to decision makers. We recommend that researchers apply all relevant principles properly when important public-policy decisions depend on their forecasts. C1 [Armstrong, J. Scott] Univ Penn, Wharton Sch, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Green, Kesten C.] Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Soon, Willie] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Armstrong, JS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Wharton Sch, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM armstrong@wharton.upenn.edu; kesten@kestencgreen.com; wsoon@cfa.harvard.edu RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012; Green, Kesten/F-3716-2013 OI Green, Kesten/0000-0001-9122-885X NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 9 U2 55 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 382 EP 395 DI 10.1287/inte.1080.0383 PG 14 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 368HE UT WOS:000260611400005 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JS Green, KC Soon, W AF Armstrong, J. Scott Green, Kesten C. Soon, Willie TI What Is the Appropriate Public-Policy Response to Uncertainty? SO INTERFACES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Armstrong, J. Scott] Univ Penn, Wharton Sch, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Green, Kesten C.] Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Soon, Willie] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Armstrong, JS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Wharton Sch, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM armstrong@wharton.upenn.edu; kesten@kestencgreen.com; wsoon@cfa.harvard.edu RI Green, Kesten/F-3716-2013 OI Green, Kesten/0000-0001-9122-885X NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 404 EP 405 PG 2 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 368HE UT WOS:000260611400009 ER PT J AU Weitekamp, MA AF Weitekamp, Margaret A. TI A History of the Kennedy Space Center SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Weitekamp, Margaret A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Weitekamp, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD SEP PY 2008 VL 99 IS 3 BP 654 EP 655 DI 10.1086/593274 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 357KH UT WOS:000259844200074 ER PT J AU Deutsch, J AF Deutsch, James TI Music in Bulgaria: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN FOLKLORE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Deutsch, James] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Deutsch, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FOLKLORE SOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DR, STE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0021-8715 J9 J AM FOLKLORE JI J. Am. Folk. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 121 IS 482 BP 501 EP 502 PG 2 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 374AT UT WOS:000261015300019 ER PT J AU Deutsch, J AF Deutsch, James TI Embroidered with Gold, Strung with Pearls: The Traditional Ballads of Bosnian Women SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN FOLKLORE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Deutsch, James] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Deutsch, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FOLKLORE SOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DR, STE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0021-8715 J9 J AM FOLKLORE JI J. Am. Folk. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 121 IS 482 BP 501 EP 502 PG 2 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 374AT UT WOS:000261015300020 ER PT J AU Stahl, AB Cruz, MD Neff, H Glascock, MD Speakman, RJ Giles, B Smith, L AF Stahl, Ann B. Cruz, Maria das Dores Neff, Hector Glascock, Michael D. Speakman, Robert J. Giles, Bretton Smith, Leith TI Ceramic production, consumption and exchange in the Banda area, Ghana: Insights from compositional analyses SO JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE west Africa; pottery; compositional analysis; neutron activation; laser ablation; petrography; Ghana; ceramic production; exchange; consumption ID ARCHAEOLOGICAL CERAMICS; MATERIAL CULTURE; WEST-AFRICA; POTTERY; TECHNOLOGY; STYLE; SYSTEMS; IRON; BOUNDARIES AB Ceramic production. exchange and consumption in the Banda area, west central Ghana has been affected by historical developments ranging from recent competition with alternative vessels (made of metal and plastic) to political economic upheavals that altered community relationships within and outside the region. In this study, we explore spatial and temporal patterning in pottery production, exchange and consumption using a combination of analytical techniques. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of a large sample (491 specimens) of archaeological and ethnographic pottery. clay and temper samples from sites across the Banda area has led to the identification of seven compositional groups whose differential distribution implies shifts in resource selection through the last thousand years. Laser ablation-ICP-MS analysis was used to explore the effects of distinctive tempering agents (crushed slag) on the bulk chemical signature of a subset of Banda ceramics, while petrographic analysis provides insight into the preparation of ceramic fabrics. We integrate insights from these diverse physical studies to investigate the dynamics of pottery production. exchange and consumption over the course of the last millennium in the Banda area and explore potential linkages with broader political economic transformations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Stahl, Ann B.] Univ Victoria, Dept Anthropol, Victoria, BC V8W 3P5, Canada. [Cruz, Maria das Dores] Coll William & Mary, Dept Anthropol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Neff, Hector] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Anthropol, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Glascock, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Speakman, Robert J.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Giles, Bretton] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Anthropol, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Smith, Leith] Univ Massachusetts, Fiske Mem Ctr Archaeol Res, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Stahl, AB (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Anthropol, POB 3050,STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P5, Canada. EM astahl@binghamton.edu; mdores.cruz@gmail.com; hneff@csulb.edu; GlascockM@missouri.edu; Speakmanj@si.edu; brettongiles@yahoo.com; Leith.Smith@umb.edu OI Glascock, Michael D./0000-0003-0686-7556; Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X NR 97 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0278-4165 J9 J ANTHROPOL ARCHAEOL JI J. Anthropol. Archaeol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 363 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.jaa.2008.04.001 PG 19 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 356OC UT WOS:000259786500007 ER PT J AU Meyer, CFJ Kalko, EKV AF Meyer, Christoph F. J. Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. TI Assemblage-level responses of phyllostomid bats to tropical forest fragmentation: land-bridge islands as a model system SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE area and isolation; Chiroptera; conservation biogeography; edge effects; forest fragmentation; Gatun Lake; land-bridge islands; landscape structure; Panama; spatial scale ID SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP; BARRO COLORADO ISLAND; RAIN-FOREST; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; ATLANTIC FOREST; UNDERSTORY BIRDS; CENTRAL AMAZONIA; LOGGED FOREST; LOS-TUXTLAS; LANDSCAPE AB Aim Working within a system of high structural contrast between fragments and the surrounding matrix, we assessed patterns of species loss and changes in species composition of phyllostomid bats on artificial land-bridge islands relative to mainland assemblages, and evaluated the responses of bats to forest edges. We further examined the relative influence of local-scale characteristics (e.g. vegetation structure, island area) versus landscape attributes (e.g. forest cover, patch density) and the importance of spatial scale in determining phyllostomid species richness and composition on islands. Location Islands in Gatun Lake and adjacent mainland peninsulas in the Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Panama. Methods Bats were sampled over a 2-year period on 11 islands as well as at forest-edge and interior sites on adjacent mainland, resulting in > 8400 captures. Results The islands harboured a less diverse and structurally simplified phyllostomid bat fauna. Islands far from the mainland were especially species-poor. This decline in species richness was associated with compositional shifts towards assemblages strongly dominated by frugivores with good dispersal abilities. Members of other ensembles, most importantly gleaning animalivores, were much less common or absent. Although overall species composition was not significantly altered, species richness at continuous forest-edge sites was significantly lower compared with that at interior sites. Distance from the mainland and amount of forest cover in the landscape were the best predictors of species richness and assemblage composition. Responses were scale-dependent. At the local scale, species richness was independent of island area but was correlated positively with distance from the mainland. In contrast, area effects became more important at larger spatial scales, suggesting that many species use multiple fragments. Main conclusions Our results underline the conservation value of small habitat remnants, which, even when embedded in a hostile matrix, can support a relatively diverse bat fauna, provided that there is a low degree of patch isolation and spatial proximity to larger tracts of continuous forest. Although the results at the assemblage level were inconclusive, we demonstrate that certain bat species and ensembles, particularly gleaning animalivores, exhibit high edge-sensitivity. Our results point to habitat loss rather than changes in landscape configuration as the main process after isolation underlying phyllostomid bat responses, suggesting that conservation efforts should focus on habitat preservation instead of trying to minimize fragmentation per se at the expense of habitat amount. C1 [Meyer, Christoph F. J.; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Meyer, CFJ (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM christoph.meyer@uni-ulm.de RI Meyer, Christoph/A-4363-2012 OI Meyer, Christoph/0000-0001-9958-8913 NR 82 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1711 EP 1726 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01916.x PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 336IM UT WOS:000258357500014 ER PT J AU Olson, SL AF Olson, Storrs L. TI Pireella cymbifolia (Pterobryaceae) new to the flora, with comments on sea level and other factors influencing the phytogeography of Bermuda SO JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,NHB MRC 116, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0373-6687 J9 J BRYOL JI J. Bryol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 30 BP 224 EP 226 DI 10.1179/174328208X322251 PN 3 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 360KX UT WOS:000260057500008 ER PT J AU Healy, C Gotelli, NJ Potvin, C AF Healy, Chrystal Gotelli, Nicholas J. Potvin, Catherine TI Partitioning the effects of biodiversity and environmental heterogeneity for productivity and mortality in a tropical tree plantation SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity and ecosystem function; environmental and spatial heterogeneity; productivity; redundancy analysis; tree growth and mortality; tropical tree plantations ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; ECOSYSTEM; COMMUNITIES; FORESTS; EUCALYPTUS; FERTILITY; RICHNESS; HEMATITE; NITROGEN AB 1. Over 5000 trees were grown in plots of differing diversity levels (1, 3 and 6 species) in a plantation established in Panama. Four and five years after establishment, we analysed parameters related to the productivity of this tropical plantation (tree survival, height and biomass as well as plot basal area) to test for the presence of biodiversity effects. The relative importance of environmental heterogeneity (such as soil, topography, and drainage) and biodiversity on tree growth and mortality was determined using partial redundancy analysis. 2. Hierarchical clustering revealed nine different soil clusters based on soil quality and drainage. By chance, the six-species plots were apparently established on more variable soils then on the other diversity levels. We found little evidence for spatial autocorrelation between subplots, with the exception of four subplots located on a ridge that extends on the North-South axis of the plantation and corresponds to a zone of higher productivity. 3. The redundancy analysis indicated that environmental heterogeneity and biodiversity together explained around 50% of the variation in subplot productivity and tree mortality. Environment explained 35-57% of the variation in productivity and mortality, respectively, whereas diversity explained an additional 23-30%. 4. Our simulation model revealed a significant positive effect of biodiversity on growth but no effect of biodiversity on mortality. The standardized effect sizes that we used to detect over- or under-yielding or no effect in comparison with monoculture were highly variable and the variability was largely explained by traits related to site topography. 5. Synthesis. In our tropical tree plantation, we detected biodiversity effects at a scale relevant to conservation and quantified the relative importance of environmental heterogeneity and diversity on tree growth and mortality. Our results support the idea that environmental factors could act as hidden sources of variability in biodiversity experiments. Environmental and spatial heterogeneity induced variable responses to biodiversity and amplified the differences between three- and six-species plots. Species identity explained more variation in productivity than did the species diversity. One species, Cedrela odorata, was associated with increased productivity. C1 [Healy, Chrystal; Potvin, Catherine] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Gotelli, Nicholas J.] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Potvin, Catherine] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Potvin, C (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Biol, 1205 Dr Penfield Ave, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. EM catherine.potvin@mcgill.ca NR 43 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 96 IS 5 BP 903 EP 913 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01419.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 336QN UT WOS:000258379800008 ER PT J AU Gowaty, PA AF Gowaty, Patricia Adair TI Reproductive compensation SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE constraints; differential allocation hypothesis; dispersal limitation; life history trade-offs; mate preferences; offspring viability selection; phenotypic plasticity; sexual coercion ID DECREASE OFFSPRING VIABILITY; MALE-MALE COMPETITION; MATE PREFERENCES; FORCED COPULATION; DIFFERENTIAL-ALLOCATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; SEXUAL SELECTION; HOUSE MICE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER AB The reproductive compensation hypothesis says that individuals constrained by ecological or social forces to reproduce with partners they do not prefer compensate for likely offspring viability deficits. The reproductive compensation hypothesis assumes that (i) pathogens and parasites evolve more rapidly than their hosts, (ii) mate preferences predict variation in health and viability of offspring, (iii) social and ecological factors keep some individuals from mating with their preferred partners (some are constrained to mate with partners they do not prefer), (iv) all individuals may be induced to compensate, so that (v) variation in compensation is due to environmental and developmental factors affecting between-individual abilities to express compensatory mechanisms. Selection favouring compensation may act through variation in prezygotic physiological mechanisms, zygotic mechanisms, or parental care to eggs or young that enhance offspring health, increasing the likelihood that some offspring survive to reproductive age, often at a survival cost to the parents. Compensation may be through increased number of eggs laid or offspring born, a compensatory effort working during a single reproductive bout that sometimes will match the number of offspring surviving to reproductive age produced by unconstrained parents during the same bout. The reproductive compensation hypothesis therefore predicts trade-offs in components of fitness for breeders, such that parents constrained to mating with a nonpreferred partner, but who compensate sometimes match their current productivity (number of offspring at reproductive age) to unconstrained parents (those breeding with their preferred partners), and, when all else is equal, die faster than unconstrained parents. The reproductive compensation hypothesis emphasizes that reproductive competition is not just between constrained and unconstrained individuals, but also among constrained individuals who do and do not compensate. The reproductive compensation hypothesis may thus explain previously unexplained between-population and within-population, between-individual variation in reproductive success, survival, physiology and behaviour. C1 [Gowaty, Patricia Adair] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Gowaty, Patricia Adair] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO AA, Miami, FL 34002 USA. RP Gowaty, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, 621 Charles E Young Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM gowaty@eeb.ucla.edu NR 56 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1010-061X EI 1420-9101 J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1189 EP 1200 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01559.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 336QL UT WOS:000258379600002 PM 18564347 ER PT J AU Davis, AK Diggs, NE Cooper, RJ Marra, PP AF Davis, Andrew K. Diggs, Nora E. Cooper, Robert J. Marra, Peter P. TI Hematological stress indices reveal no effect of radio-transmitters on wintering Hermit Thrushes SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Catharus guttatus; Hermit Thrush; heterophil-lymphocyte ratio; radio-telemetry; stress; transmitters ID RADIOTRANSMITTER ATTACHMENT TECHNIQUES; WHITE-WINGED DOVES; HABITAT SEGREGATION; LYMPHOCYTE RATIO; MOURNING DOVES; HETEROPHIL; CORTICOSTERONE; LOUISIANA; CHICKENS; SURVIVAL AB Radio-telemetry is often used to track birds, and several investigators have examined the possible effects of radio-transmitters on birds. One approach to this question is to determine if transmitters induce physiological stress. Using hematological indicators of stress (heterophil-lymphocyte [H/L] ratios), studies of captive birds have revealed no evidence that radio-transmitters cause stress. However, studies in captivity may not reflect conditions faced by birds in the wild, especially during energetically demanding times, such as the overwintering period. We examined the possible effect of backpack-style transmitters on overwintering Hermit Thrushes (Catharus guttatus) in South Carolina by examining H/L ratios from blood smears made before and after transmitter attachment. We captured and recaptured eight thrushes in an early winter period and 11 in a late winter period, and in both cases found that H/L ratios did not change after 1 mo of carrying transmitters. H/L ratios also did not differ significantly (in either trial) between thrushes with and without transmitters. Furthermore, thrushes that carried transmitters during both of our trials did not have higher final H/L ratios than those that carried transmitters during just one trial (the late winter). These results indicate that carrying backpack-style transmitters for 1 mo did not induce stress in overwintering Hermit Thrushes. These results are consistent with studies of captive birds, and provide support for the continued use of backpack radio-transmitters in this species, as long as weight recommendations are met. C1 [Davis, Andrew K.; Diggs, Nora E.; Cooper, Robert J.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Diggs, Nora E.; Marra, Peter P.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Davis, AK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM akdavis@uga.edu FU D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources; Spring Island community and the Low Country Institute FX Financial and logistic support for AKD was provided by the D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia. Support for ND came from the Spring Island community and the Low Country Institute. We thank A. Byrd for assisting in data collection and C. Marsh of the Low Country Institute and all of the volunteers who helped with this study on Spring Island. B. Mattsson, M. Small, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 79 IS 3 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00176.x PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 352VM UT WOS:000259525500008 ER PT J AU Colbeck, GJ Gibbs, HL Marra, PP Hobson, K Webster, MS AF Colbeck, Gabriel J. Gibbs, H. Lisle Marra, Peter P. Hobson, Keith Webster, Michael S. TI Phylogeography of a widespread North American migratory songbird (Setophaga ruticilla) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID WARBLER WILSONIA-PUSILLA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; EUROPEAN POPULATIONS; RANGE EXPANSION; YELLOW WARBLER; PATTERNS; NEWFOUNDLAND; DIVERGENCE AB Genetic analyses for many widespread North American species have revealed significant east-west differentiation, indicating that many survived through the Pleistocene in 2 glacial refugia-1 in the eastern and 1 in the western part of the continent. It remains unclear, however, whether other areas may have served as important glacial refugia. Moreover, many such species exhibit widespread genetic similarity within eastern and western regions because of recent expansion from small refugial populations, making it difficult to evaluate current-day levels of gene flow. In this study, we used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequence and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers to survey genetic variation in a widespread migratory bird, the American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla). mtDNA analyses revealed a pattern that contrasts with that found for most other widespread species studied to date: most redstart populations across North America appear to have spread out from a single glacial refugium, possibly located in the southeastern United States, whereas populations in far-eastern Canada may have survived in a second glacial refugium located on the now-submerged Atlantic coastal shelf off the coast of Newfoundland. A pattern of isolation by distance in mtDNA suggested some constraints on current-day gene flow among extant redstart populations. This study thus reveals a recent evolutionary history for this species that differs from that of most other widespread North American passerines and provides evidence for limited gene flow in a species with potentially large dispersal distances. C1 [Colbeck, Gabriel J.; Webster, Michael S.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Gibbs, H. Lisle] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Hobson, Keith] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. RP Colbeck, GJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gcolbeck@mail.wsu.edu NR 60 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 99 IS 5 BP 453 EP 463 DI 10.1093/jhered/esn025 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 335YC UT WOS:000258330500002 PM 18468988 ER PT J AU Fleagle, JG Assefa, Z Brown, FH Shea, JJ AF Fleagle, John G. Assefa, Zelalem Brown, Francis H. Shea, John J. TI Paleoanthropology of the Kibish Formation, southern Ethiopia: Introduction SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Ethiopia; Homo sapiens; Modern humans; Omo River ID MODERN HUMAN ORIGINS; LOWER OMO BASIN; MODERN HUMANS; HOMO-SAPIENS; REMAINS; AFRICA; MIDDLE AB Cranial and skeletal remains of modern humans, Homo sapiens, were discovered in the Kibish Formation in 1967 by a team from the Kenya National Museums directed by Richard Leakey. Omo I, from Kamoya's Hominid Site (KHS), consists of much of a skeleton, including most of the cranial vault, Parts of the face and mandible. and many postcranial elements. Omo II, from Paul's Hominid Site (PHS), is a Virtually Complete calvaria. Only a limited fauna and a few stone artifacts attributed to the Middle Stone Age were recovered in conjunction with the fossil hominids. The available dating techniques suggested a very early age, over 100 ka, for Member I, from which the Omo I and Omo II fossils were recovered. However, in Subsequent decades, the reliability of the dates and the provenance of the Kibish hominids were repeatedly questioned. The papers in this volume provide a detailed stratigraphic analysis of the Kibish Formation and a series of new radiometric dates that indicate an age of 196 +/- 2 ka for Member I and 104 +/- 1 for Member III, confirming the antiquity of the lower parts of the Kibish Formation and, in turn, the fossils from Member I. Studies of the postcranial remains of Omo I indicate all overall modern human morphology with a number of primitive features. Studies of an extensive lithic record from Members I and III indicate a Middle Stone Age technology comparable to assemblages of similar age elsewhere in Ethiopia. Studies of the mammalian, avian, and fish faunas indicate overall similarities to those found in the region today, with a few distinctive differences. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fleagle, John G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Hlth Sci Ctr T8 023, Dept Anat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Assefa, Zelalem] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Brown, Francis H.] Univ Utah, Coll Mines & Earth Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Shea, John J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anthropol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Fleagle, JG (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Hlth Sci Ctr T8 023, Dept Anat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM jfleagle@notes.cc.sunysb.edu FU National Science Foundation; Leakey Foundation; Wenner-Gren Foundation; National Geographic Society FX This project was conducted under the auspices of the Authority for Research and Conservation Of Cultural heritage, under the Directorship of Ato Jara Haile-Mariam, and the National Museum of Ethiopia, under the Directorship of W/t Mamitu Yilma. Fieldwork in Ethiopia was greatly aided by the efforts of Tilahun G/Selassie, Eysias Sebba, Mamo Mala, Dagne Gebre, Getu Assefa, Abebaw Ejigu, Minase Girma, Awoke Amzaye, as well as Essayas G/Mariam, Achamu Takelle, Berhanu Hailu, Tamrat H/Mariam, Lomenang Lometo, Narka Losirio, the remarkable Meri, Solomon Yirga, Ben Passey, Chad Fuller, Josh Trapani, Adam Jagesh, Lawrence Bender, Mark Mathison, and many others. Without the good will of the local Mursi and Nyangatom populations, the work Could not have been done. The project received funding from the National Science Foundation, the Leakey Foundation, the Wenner-Gren Foundation, and the National Geographic Society. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 55 IS 3 BP 360 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.05.007 PG 6 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 358JE UT WOS:000259912200002 PM 18617219 ER PT J AU Assefa, Z Yirga, S Reed, KE AF Assefa, Zelalem Yirga, Solomon Reed, Kaye E. TI The large-mammal fauna from the Kibish Formation SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE East Africa; Ethiopia; Extant fauna; Hylochoerus; Kibish; Middle Stone Age; Paleoecology ID INFERRING PALEOHABITATS; AFRICAN BOVIDAE; EAST-AFRICA; PATTERNS; ETHIOPIA; HOMINID; PLIOPLEISTOCENE; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; EXTANT AB The Kibish faunal remains are useful for reconstructing the habitat of the earliest documented Homo sapiens and for understanding the community within which early modern humans existed. A diverse assemblage of large mammals, including many species of bovids, suids, and equids, has been recovered from the Kibish Formation. There are no extinct large mammals represented in the fossil assemblage, and the overall taxonomic composition of the fossil fauna is similar to the modern-day wildlife community living near the Omo River. The fossil faunal assemblage shows a paucity of arboreal primates, and carnivore species are rare. However, the faunal sample includes possible Cephalophus (duiker) remains and Hylochoerus meinertzhageni (giant forest hog), taxa that are extremely rare in the African fossil record, and both indicate more closed habitats. Comparative analyses of the Kibish faunal remains using the ecological-diversity approach document close associations with edaphic grassland and woodland vegetation types. These vegetation forms are similar to current habitats surrounding the Omo River. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Assefa, Zelalem] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Archaeobiol Program, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Assefa, Zelalem] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Human Origins Program, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Yirga, Solomon] Univ Addis Ababa, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Reed, Kaye E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Inst Human Origins, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Assefa, Z (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Archaeobiol Program, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM zassefa@gmail.com NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 55 IS 3 BP 501 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.05.015 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 358JE UT WOS:000259912200011 PM 18691734 ER PT J AU Trapani, J AF Trapani, Josh TI Quaternary fossil fish from the Kibish Formation, Omo Valley, Ethiopia SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Ethiopia; Fish; Kibish Formation; Omo Valley; Paleoecology; Quaternary; Taphonomy; Teleosts ID NILE PERCH; LAKE-VICTORIA; TURKANA; EGYPT; BASIN; ENVIRONMENTS; FLOODPLAIN; AGE AB The late Quaternary Kibish Formation of the Omo Valley, southwestern Ethiopia, preserves environments reflecting a history of fluctuations in the level of nearby Lake Turkana over the past 200,000 years. The Kibish Formation has yielded a diverse mammalian fauna (as well as birds and crocodiles), stone tools, and the oldest anatomically modern Homo sapiens. Fish, the most common vertebrate fossils in this unit, are reported in this study. Catfish (especially clariids and Synodontis) and Nile perch (Lates niloticus) predominate, but the gymnarchid Gymnarchus, a cyprinid (Barbus), tigerfish (Hydrocynus), pufferfish (Tetraodon), and other catfish are also present. In total, nine teleost genera are found in the Kibish Formation, representing a subset of the 37 genera that constitute the modern Omo-Turkana ichthyofauna. Several taxa present in the modern fauna, including Polypterus and members of the family Cichlidae, are not found in the Kibish deposits. Most specimens are preserved as disarticulated or broken skeletal elements, but some preservation of articulated elements (e.g., sets of vertebrae, crania with lower jaws or cleithra) also occurs. Many of the catfish and Nile perch specimens are larger than the largest reported from the modern river or lake. Faunas of Kibish Members I and III closely resemble one another; the fauna from Member IV contains only the three most common taxa (Clarias, Synodontis, Lates), though this may result from insufficient sampling. Barbed bone points have been collected from the upper part of the formation, indicating a long association between the human inhabitants and the fish fauna of the Omo Valley. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Inst NHB, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Trapani, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst NHB, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, MRC121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM jtrapani@umich.edu NR 79 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 55 IS 3 BP 521 EP 530 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.05.017 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 358JE UT WOS:000259912200013 PM 18691738 ER PT J AU Smith, AR Wcislo, WT O'Donnell, S AF Smith, Adam R. Wcislo, William T. O'Donnell, Sean TI Body size shapes caste expression, and cleptoparasitism reduces body size in the facultatively eusocial bees Megalopta (Hymenoptera : Halictidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE body size; caste differentiation; facultative eusociality; reproductive altruism; parasitism ID SWEAT BEE; ECUADORIA HYMENOPTERA; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; GENALIS; PRODUCTIVITY; PARASITISM; APIFORMES; EVOLUTION; WASP AB We used the facultatively social sweat bee Megalopta genalis (Halictidae) to test whether body size is associated with social caste. Behavioral observations showed that non-reproductive foragers were significantly smaller than reproductive nest mate queens, and foragers were also smaller than presumed pre-dispersal reproductives. Moreover, among females from field-collected nests without behavioral observations, relative body size correlated with relative ovary size. Reproductive status is not a direct result of body size, as body size was not significantly associated with either ovary size or fecundity among both solitary and social reproductives. Reproductive status is apparently an outcome of social competition for reproductive dominance, and status is influenced by size relative to nest mates. Our study is the first to demonstrate an association of body size with caste expression in a facultatively social species with relatively weak seasonal constraints on independent nesting. Larvae of a parasitic fly (Fiebrigella sp., Chloropidae) consume pollen provisions stored in nest cells of M. genalis and M. ecuadoria. We tested whether fly parasitism of M. genalis reduces body size. Parasitized females are significantly smaller as adults than their unparasitized nestmates. This reduction is of a similar magnitude to the size differences between castes, and has the potential to shape host reproductive options by influencing competition with nest mates. We present data on the prevalence of parasitism from four collections of M. genalis and two collections of M. ecuadoria from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, and La Selva, Costa Rica. C1 [Wcislo, William T.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Smith, Adam R.; O'Donnell, Sean] Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Anim Behav Area, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Smith, AR (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM arsmith2@gmail.com NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 EI 1572-8889 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 5 BP 394 EP 406 DI 10.1007/s10905-008-9136-1 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 335UJ UT WOS:000258316200007 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, Owen TI Islamic science and the making of the European renaissance SO JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Gingerich, Owen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0022-1953 J9 J INTERDISCIPL HIST JI J. Interdiscip. Hist. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 BP 310 EP 311 DI 10.1162/jinh.2008.39.2.310 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 338HI UT WOS:000258496800051 ER PT J AU Loaiza, JR Bermingham, E Scott, ME Rovira, JR Conn, JE AF Loaiza, J. R. Bermingham, E. Scott, M. E. Rovira, J. R. Conn, J. E. TI Species composition and distribution of adult Anopheles (Diptera : Culicidae) in Panama SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles; human biting rate; malaria; Panama ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; MALARIA VECTOR; CENTRAL-AMERICA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PACIFIC LOWLANDS; COMPLEX DIPTERA; SOUTHERN MEXICO; BITING ACTIVITY; LAND-USE; COLOMBIA AB Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) species composition and distribution were studied using human landing catch data over a 35-yr period in Panama. Mosquitoes were collected from 77 sites during 228 field trips carried out by members of the National Malaria Eradication Service. Fourteen Anopheles species were identified. The highest average human biting rates were recorded from Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albimanus (Wiedemann) (9.8 bites/person/night) and Anopheles (Anopheles) punctimacula (Dyar and Knab) (6.2 bites/person/night). These two species were also the most common, present in 99.1 and 74.9%, respectively, of the sites. Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) aquasalis (Curry) was encountered mostly in the indigenous Kuna Yala Comarca along the eastern Atlantic coast, where malaria case history and average human biting rate (9.3 bites/person/night) suggest a local role in malaria transmission. An. albimanus, An. punctimacula, and Anopheles (Anopheles) vestitipennis (Dyar and Knab) were more abundant during the rainy season (May-December), whereas An. aquasalis was more abundant in the dry season (January-April), Other vector species collected in this study were Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai (Howard, Dyar, and Knab) and Anopheles (Anopheles) pseudopunctipennis s.l. (Theobaid). High diversity of Anopheles species and six confirmed malaria vectors in endemic areas of Panama emphasize the need for more detailed studies to better understand malaria transmission dynamics. C1 [Conn, J. E.] New York State Dept Hlth, Griffin Lab, Wadsworth Ctr, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA. [Loaiza, J. R.] Dept Nat Resource Sci, Quebec City, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Loaiza, J. R.; Bermingham, E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Scott, M. E.] McGill Univ, Inst Parasitol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. RP Conn, JE (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Griffin Lab, Wadsworth Ctr, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA. EM Jose.loaiza@mail.mcgill.ca; bermingham@si.edu; jconn@wadsworth.org RI Scott, Marilyn/L-5347-2015; OI Conn, Jan/0000-0002-5301-7020 FU Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENACYT); Instituto para la Formacion y Aprovechamiento del Recurso Humano (IFHARU) of Panama; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI); Institute of Parasitology of McGill University; NIH [R0154139-02] FX This research was financed by Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENACYT) and Instituto para la Formacion y Aprovechamiento del Recurso Humano (IFHARU) of Panama. Additional financial Support Was provided by Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), the Institute of Parasitology of McGill University through its Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions travel fellowship awards program, and NIH grant (AI) R0154139-02 to J.E.C. NR 76 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 45 IS 5 BP 841 EP 851 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[841:SCADOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 346VZ UT WOS:000259099000003 PM 18826025 ER PT J AU Duda, TF AF Duda, Thomas F., Jr. TI Differentiation of venoms of predatory marine gastropods: Divergence of orthologous toxin genes of closely related Conus species with different dietary specializations SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE conus; gene family; four-loop conotoxins; adaptive evolution; species interactions; venom ID POSITIVE SELECTION; RAPID EVOLUTION; GENUS CONUS; SNAILS; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; REEFS; DIVERSIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ABUNDANCE AB Venoms of Conus are remarkably diverse among species and the genes that encode conotoxins show high rates of evolution. Yet no prior studies have specifically explored how conotoxin gene evolution contributes to the differentiation of venoms of closely related Conus species. Previous investigations of four-loop conotoxin expression patterns of six closely related Conus species identified 12 sets of putative orthologous loci from these species, including eight pairs of loci that are coexpressed by two of these six species, C. abbreviatus and C. miliaris. Here I analyze the molecular evolution of orthologous conotoxin loci of these species and specifically examine the divergence of the eight orthologous counterparts of C. abbreviatus and C. miliaris. Tree and maximum likelihood-based analyses of these sequences reveal that positive selection promotes the divergence of orthologous genes among species and that the evolution of orthologues of C. abbreviatus and C. miliaris is asymmetric among species. The asymmetric evolution of conotoxin loci among species may result from lineage-specific dietary shifts or interspecific differences in the impact of selection from predator-prey interactions on conotoxin loci. C1 [Duda, Thomas F., Jr.] Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Duda, Thomas F., Jr.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Duda, TF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM tfduda@umich.edu FU Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of the University of Michigan; University of Michigan Museum of Zoology; National Science Foundation [IOS 0718370] FX I thank H. A. Lessios, E. A. Remigio, M. B. Bolin, and several anonymous reviewers for comments on previous versions of the manuscript. This work was supported by funds from the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of the University of Michigan and the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology and the National Science Foundation (IOS 0718370). This project was initiated in H. A. Lessios' laboratory at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute while T. F. D. was a Tupper Fellow. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 67 IS 3 BP 315 EP 321 DI 10.1007/s00239-008-9155-8 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 347FZ UT WOS:000259127300008 PM 18696024 ER PT J AU Taori, K Paul, VJ Luesch, H AF Taori, Kanchan Paul, Valerie J. Luesch, Hendrik TI Kempopeptins A and B, serine protease inhibitors with different selectivity profiles from a marine cyanobacterium, Lyngbya sp. SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID CHYMOTRYPSIN INHIBITOR; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; OSCILLATORIA-AGARDHII; TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA; AMINO-ACIDS; SCYPTOLIN-A; ELASTASE; DEPSIPEPTIDES; PEPTIDES AB Two cyclodepsipeptides named kempopeptins A (1) and B (2) were isolated from a collection of a Floridian marine cyanobacterium, Lyngbya sp., that had previously afforded the structurally related potent elastase inhibitors lyngbyastatin 7 and somamide B. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated mainly by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and the absolute configuration was established by chiral HPLC and Marfey's analysis of the degradation products. Kempopeptin A (1) exhibited an IC(50) against elastase of 0.32 mu M and against chymotrypsin of 2.6 mu M, while kempopeptin B (2) inhibited trypsin with an IC(50) of 8.4 mu M. C1 [Taori, Kanchan; Luesch, Hendrik] Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Paul, Valerie J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Luesch, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM luesch@cop.ufl.edu FU NOAA; U.S Department of Commerce [NA06OAR4170014]; the External User Program of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL); the Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy (AMRIS) FX This Note was developed tinder the auspices of the Florida Sea Grant College Program with support from NOAA, Office of Sea Grant, U.S Department of Commerce, Grant No. NA06OAR4170014. The authors gratefully acknowledge NSF for funding through the External User Program of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), which supported our NMR studies at the Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy (AMRIS) facility in the McKnight Brain Institute of the University of Florida (UF). The 600 MHz 1 mm triple-resonance HTS cryogenic probe was developed through collaboration between UF, NHMFL, and Bruker Biospin. We thank J. Rocca for assistance in obtaining NMR data and S. Matthew for providing a synthetic standard of N,O-dimethyl-L-bromotyrosine. HRMS analyses were performed at the UCR Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside. LC-MS analyses were carried out by J.V. Johnson at the Spectroscopy Services, Department of Chemistry, UF. This is contribution 735 from the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1625 EP 1629 DI 10.1021/np8002172 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 353NO UT WOS:000259574900024 PM 18693761 ER PT J AU Garcia-Robledo, C Staines, CL AF Garcia-Robledo, Carlos Staines, Charles L. TI Herbivory in gingers from latest Cretaceous to present: is the ichnogenus Cephaloleichnites (Hispinae, Coleoptera) a rolled-leaf beetle? SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZINGIBERALES; CURCULIONIDAE; HELICONIA; AMERICA; PLANTS C1 [Garcia-Robledo, Carlos] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Staines, Charles L.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Garcia-Robledo, C (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM carlos@bio.miami.edu FU Aldridge Assistantship; J. McLarnore Fellowship; University of Miami; Organization for Tropical Studies-Donald and Beverly Stone FX The Authors want to thank E. K. Kuprewicz for field assistance. Lepidoptera were identified by H. Garcia. Orugas de La Selva Project, Tulane University-Organization for Tropical Studies. J. Prena, USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory, determined the Anopsilus species as undescribed and shared information on host plants and the phylogenetic relationships of this group with other Curculionidac. Comments by P. Jolivet, E. K. Kuprewicz, C. C. Labandeira, and D. R. Strong improved this paper. This research was supported by the Aldridge Assistantship and the J. McLarnore Fellowship, University of Miami and the Organization for Tropical Studies-Donald and Beverly Stone Fellowship to C. Garcia-Robledo. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 82 IS 5 BP 1035 EP 1037 DI 10.1666/07-089.1 PG 3 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 347QH UT WOS:000259155600013 ER PT J AU Rueda, LM Rodriguez, JA Bertugio, MC Pecor, JE Li, C Wilkerson, RC AF Rueda, Leopoldo M. Rodriguez, Jose A. Bertugio, Mauricio C. Pecor, James E. Li, Cong Wilkerson, Richard C. TI Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) pictipennis: A new mosquito record from the Atacama region of northern Chile SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Anopheles pictipennis; Culex quinquqfasciatus; Ochlerotatus albifasciatus; Atacama; northern Chile; new record AB We report the first collection of Anopheles pictipennis from northern Chile, particularly sectors of Totoral, Perales, Puerto Viejo, and Salinas in the Atacama region. Adults were captured using human bait, while larvae and pupae were collected from various habitats including ponds, puddles left by overflowing river water, edges along river banks, wells, irrigation ditches, and permanent and semipermanent ground water. Associated species were Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus and Ochlerotatus albifasciatus. The internal transcribed spacer 2 of the ribosomal DNA of An. pictipennis was sequenced. C1 [Rueda, Leopoldo M.] Smithsonian Inst, MSC, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Rodriguez, Jose A.; Bertugio, Mauricio C.] Minist Hlth, Hlth Serv, Copiapo 1039, Chile. [Rueda, Leopoldo M.; Pecor, James E.; Li, Cong; Wilkerson, Richard C.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rueda, LM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, MSC, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 448 EP 449 DI 10.2987/5692.1 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 351XX UT WOS:000259460400017 PM 18939700 ER PT J AU Van Tilburg, JA Kaeppler, AL Weisler, M Cristino, C Spitzer, A AF Van Tilburg, Jo Anne Kaeppler, Adrienne L. Weisler, Marshall Cristino, Claudio Spitzer, Angela TI PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THIN-SECTIONS OF SAMPLES FROM TWO MONOLITHIC STATUES (MOAI), RAPA NUI (EASTER ISLAND) SO JOURNAL OF THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Van Tilburg, Jo Anne] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kaeppler, Adrienne L.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Weisler, Marshall; Spitzer, Angela] Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Cristino, Claudio] Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. RP Van Tilburg, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU POLYNESIAN SOC INC PI AUCKLAND PA C/O MAORI STUDIES, UNIV AUCKLAND, PRIVATE BAG, AUCKLAND 92019, NEW ZEALAND SN 0032-4000 J9 J POLYNESIAN SOC JI J. Polyn. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 117 IS 3 BP 297 EP 300 PG 4 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 375KB UT WOS:000261111500003 ER PT J AU Behrensmeyer, A Whatley, R AF Behrensmeyer, Anna Whatley, Robin TI A WINDOW INTO EARLY MAMMALIAN PALEOECOLOGY: PALEOENVIRONMENTAL AND TAPHONOMIC INVESTIGATION OF THE GOLD SPRING QUARRY "BLUE LAYER," KAYENT FM., ARIZONA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Vertebrate-Paleontology CY OCT 15-18, 2008 CL Cleveland Museum Nat Hist, Cleveland, OH SP Soc Vertebrate Paleontol HO Cleveland Museum Nat Hist C1 [Behrensmeyer, Anna] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Whatley, Robin] Columbia Coll Chicago, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 50A EP 50A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 351HL UT WOS:000259415200034 ER PT J AU Bloch, J Cadena, E Hastings, A Rincon, A Jaramillo, C AF Bloch, Jonathan Cadena, Edwin Hastings, Alexander Rincon, Aldo Jaramillo, Carlos TI VERTEBRATE FAUNAS FROM THE PALEOCENE BOGOTA FORMATION OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Vertebrate-Paleontology CY OCT 15-18, 2008 CL Cleveland Museum Nat Hist, Cleveland, OH SP Soc Vertebrate Paleontol HO Cleveland Museum Nat Hist C1 [Bloch, Jonathan; Cadena, Edwin; Hastings, Alexander] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rincon, Aldo; Jaramillo, Carlos] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 53A EP 53A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 351HL UT WOS:000259415200052 ER PT J AU Burch, S Carrano, M AF Burch, Sara Carrano, Matthew TI ABELISAURID FORELIMB EVOLUTION: NEW EVIDENCE FROM MAJUNGASAURUS CRENATISSIMUS (ABELISAURIDAE: THEROPODA) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF MADAGASCAR SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Vertebrate-Paleontology CY OCT 15-18, 2008 CL Cleveland Museum Nat Hist, Cleveland, OH SP Soc Vertebrate Paleontol HO Cleveland Museum Nat Hist C1 [Burch, Sara] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Carrano, Matthew] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 58A EP 58A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 351HL UT WOS:000259415200077 ER PT J AU Carrano, M AF Carrano, Matthew TI PATTERNS OF DIVERSITY AMONG LATEST CRETACEOUS DINOSAURS IN NORTH AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Vertebrate-Paleontology CY OCT 15-18, 2008 CL Cleveland Museum Nat Hist, Cleveland, OH SP Soc Vertebrate Paleontol HO Cleveland Museum Nat Hist C1 [Carrano, Matthew] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 SU S BP 61A EP 61A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 351HL UT WOS:000259415200094 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, E AF Fitzgerald, Erich TI THE ORIGIN OF BALEEN WHALES SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Vertebrate-Paleontology CY OCT 15-18, 2008 CL Cleveland Museum Nat Hist, Cleveland, OH SP Soc Vertebrate Paleontol HO Cleveland Museum Nat Hist C1 [Fitzgerald, Erich] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 SU S BP 78A EP 78A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 351HL UT WOS:000259415200177 ER PT J AU Viner, T Heckert, A Carrano, M AF Viner, Tabitha Heckert, Andrew Carrano, Matthew TI MULTIPLE PATHOLOGICAL ELEMENTS IN A PHYTOSAUR (DIAPSIDA: ARCHOSAURIA) SKELETON FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC OF ARIZONA, USA: EVIDENCE OF EXTREME OSTEOMYELITIS SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Vertebrate-Paleontology CY OCT 15-18, 2008 CL Cleveland Museum Nat Hist, Cleveland, OH SP Soc Vertebrate Paleontol HO Cleveland Museum Nat Hist C1 [Viner, Tabitha] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Heckert, Andrew] Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Carrano, Matthew] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 156A EP 156A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 351HL UT WOS:000259415200583 ER PT J AU Western, D Behrensmeyer, A AF Western, David Behrensmeyer, Anna TI THE LIVING AND THE DEAD: HOW BONES RECORD 40 YEARS OF ECOLOGICAL CHANGE IN THE AMBOSELI ECOSYSTEM OF SOUTHERN KENYA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Vertebrate-Paleontology CY OCT 15-18, 2008 CL Cleveland Museum Nat Hist, Cleveland, OH SP Soc Vertebrate Paleontol HO Cleveland Museum Nat Hist C1 [Western, David] African Conservat Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Behrensmeyer, Anna] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 159A EP 159A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 351HL UT WOS:000259415200598 ER PT J AU Zook, E Behrensmeyer, A AF Zook, Ethan Behrensmeyer, Anna TI ROOT DAMAGE TO UNFOSSILIZED, BURIED BONES: RESULTS OF A PILOT STUDY SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Vertebrate-Paleontology CY OCT 15-18, 2008 CL Cleveland Museum Nat Hist, Cleveland, OH SP Soc Vertebrate Paleontol HO Cleveland Museum Nat Hist C1 [Zook, Ethan] Eastern Mennonite Univ, Dept Biol, Harrisonburg, VA USA. [Behrensmeyer, Anna] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Vertebrate Paleontol, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 165A EP 165A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 351HL UT WOS:000259415200628 ER PT J AU Iriarte, J Holst, I Marozzi, O Listotad, C Alonso, E Rinderknecht, A Montana, J AF Iriarte, Jose Holst, Irene Marozzi, Oscar Listotad, Claudia Alonso, Eduardo Rinderknecht, Andres Montana, Juan TI Commentary on the "mounds of the Laguna Merin Basin: Time, space and society" SO LATIN AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA Spanish DT Editorial Material ID DIAGNOSTIC OPAL PHYTOLITHS; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; CLIMATE DYNAMICS; EASTERN URUGUAY; SAO-FRANCISCO; CUCURBITA; GRASSLANDS; CHARCOAL; POLLEN AB In the appendix of his recent paper; Bracco(2006:511-540.) made several comments and misinterpretations regarding the interdisciplinary scientific evidence produced by our team at the Los Ajos site in southeastern Uruguay. Among other things, he claims that we: (a) pushed back the archaeological agenda in Uruguay by twenty years: (b) failed to recognize the previous work of our colleagues in the region: (c) forced our paleoenvironmental data to fit the cultural sequence: and (a) claimed, without evidence, the domestic nature of mounds during the Preceramic Mound Period at the Los Ajos site. In this comment, we respond to Bracco's allegations. C1 [Iriarte, Jose] Univ Exeter, Dept Archaeol, SoGAER, Exeter EX4 4QE, Devon, England. [Holst, Irene] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoccol & Archaeol, Balboa, Panama. [Marozzi, Oscar] SAR Serv Arqueol, Montevideo 11900, Uruguay. [Listotad, Claudia] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Alonso, Eduardo] Univ Republica, Fac Quim, Dept Bot, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Rinderknecht, Andres] Museo Nacl Hist Nat & Antropol, Montevideo, Uruguay. RP Iriarte, J (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Dept Archaeol, SoGAER, Laver Bldg,N Pk Rd, Exeter EX4 4QE, Devon, England. OI Iriarte, Jose/0000-0002-8155-5360 NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 1045-6635 J9 LAT AM ANTIQ JI Lat. Am. Antiq. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 317 EP 324 PG 8 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 358YZ UT WOS:000259954700005 ER PT J AU Gallegos, CL Davies-Colley, RJ Gall, M AF Gallegos, C. L. Davies-Colley, R. J. Gall, M. TI Optical closure in lakes with contrasting extremes of reflectance SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CASE 2 WATERS; COASTAL WATERS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CHESAPEAKE BAY; COCCOLITHOPHORE BLOOM; AQUATIC PARTICLES; MARINE PARTICLES; ABSORPTION METER AB We measured inherent and apparent optical properties and computed 'optical closure' in four lakes on the South Island of New Zealand, ranging very widely in reflectance. Optical properties were measured by modern instruments deployed from boats, with supporting laboratory measurements on water samples. The radiative transfer model, Hydrolight, was used with measured inherent optical properties to predict characteristics of the light field for comparison with field measurements. Two glacier-fed lakes were strongly light-scattering and weakly light-absorbing, with optical properties dominated by glacial flour. In marked contrast, two humic-stained wetland lakes were strongly light-absorbing and weakly light-scattering, with optical properties dominated by colored dissolved organic matter. Very good optical 'closure' (i.e., agreement of modeled with measured characteristics of the light field) was obtained for all apparent optical properties examined in all but the most strongly light-scattering lake. Closure was achieved when systematic spectral bias in absorption in this lake, possibly caused by multiple scattering in the field absorption meter, was corrected using laboratory absorption measurements. The highest and lowest measured and modeled water-leaving radiances exceeded the previous range for such studies by a factor of 5. The good optical closure observed over a very wide (200-fold) range of reflectance increases confidence in our ability to specify inputs for radiative transfer modeling while highlighting the enduring challenge of accurately measuring absorption in highly scattering waters and backscattering in highly absorbing waters. C1 [Gallegos, C. L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Davies-Colley, R. J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Gall, M.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP Gallegos, CL (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM gallegosc@si.edu OI Gallegos, Charles/0000-0001-5112-0166 FU NIWA (Clive Howard-Williams); New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (FRST) [CVSM062.] FX We thank Ian Halstead and Doug Griffin of the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) field stations (at Tekapo and Greymouth, respectively) for field assistance and logistical support. Ron Ovenden (NIWA-Hamilton) conducted a particle size analysis, and scanning electron micrographs were kindly prepared by Cathy Kilroy, NIWA-Christchurch, using the Canterbury University electron microscopy facility. We also thank E. Amy Lewis (Smithsonian Environmental Research Center) for help with data processing and Sanjay Wahdwa (NIWA-Hamilton) for the location map (Fig. 1). The manuscript was appreciably improved in response to review comments by Dariusz Stramski and two reviewers.; Funding was provided by NIWA (Clive Howard-Williams) through the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (FRST) Capability Fund, Contract CVSM062. NR 48 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2021 EP 2034 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.5.2021 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 350MG UT WOS:000259356000028 ER PT J AU Davidson, IC McCann, LD Sytsma, MD Ruiz, GM AF Davidson, Ian C. McCann, Linda D. Sytsma, Mark D. Ruiz, Gregory M. TI Interrupting a multi-species bioinvasion vector: The efficacy of in-water cleaning for removing biofouling on obsolete vessels SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE biofouling; ships; nonindigenous species; transfer mechanism; vector management; in-water cleaning ID PROPAGULE PRESSURE; NEW-ZEALAND; INVASIONS; SHIPS; SURVIVAL AB Vector management is the primary method for reducing and preventing nonindigenous species (NIS) invasions and their ecological and economic consequences. This study was the first to examine the efficacy of in-water scrubbing using a submersible cleaning and maintenance platform (SCAMP) to prevent invertebrate species transfers from a heavily fouled obsolete vessel. Initially, prior to treatment, 37 species were recorded in a biofouling matrix that reached 30 cm depth in some locations. The bryozoan Conopeum chesapeakensis, and bivalves Mytilopsis leucophaeata and Ischadium recurvum, were dominant sessile species that created structure, supporting mobile biota that included crabs and the associated parasitic barnacle Loxothylacus panopae. Scrubbing had the effect of significantly reducing organism extent and the number of species per sample, but a substantial and diverse (30 species) residual fouling community remained across the entire vessel. Further assessments of management options are needed to prevent potentially damaging NIS transfers. Additional measures taken within an integrated vector management (IVM) strategy may further improve invasion prevention measures. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Davidson, Ian C.; Sytsma, Mark D.; Ruiz, Gregory M.] Portland State Univ, Aquat Bioinvas Res & Policy Inst, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [McCann, Linda D.; Ruiz, Gregory M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Marine Invas Lab, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Davidson, IC (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Aquat Bioinvas Res & Policy Inst, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM idavidso@pdx.edu RI Sytsma, Mark/B-2746-2013; OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X; Davidson, Ian/0000-0002-8729-6048 FU US Maritime Administration FX We are grateful to C. Junemann of MARAD and the staff at the James River Reserve Fleet for information and logistical support during this project. We also wish to thank Seaward Marine Services Inc. for their expertise and helpful involvement. Fieldwork, lab work and taxonomic assistance were provided by George Smith, Safra Altman, Shelley Sullivan, Amanda Gilborn, Patrick Baker, Lea-Anne Henry, and James Thomas. Thanks to R. Everett and L.S. Godwin for helpful discussion of some topics covered in this manuscript. This project was funded by the US Maritime Administration. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1538 EP 1544 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.05.024 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 356HA UT WOS:000259768100015 PM 18639904 ER PT J AU Scharlemann, JPW Johnson, PJ Smith, AA Macdonald, DW Randolph, SE AF Scharlemann, J. P. W. Johnson, P. J. Smith, A. A. Macdonald, D. W. Randolph, S. E. TI Trends in ixodid tick abundance and distribution in Great Britain SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes ricinus; Lagopus lagopus scoticus; abundance; Cervidae; deer; distribution; Ixodidae; tick-borne disease; Great Britain ID LYME-DISEASE; RICINUS; DEER; ACARI; SHEEP; TRANSMISSION; SCAPULARIS; IMPACT AB The popular, but rarely documented, view in Britain is that ticks have increased in distribution and abundance over recent years. To assess this, we gathered evidence for chanoes in tick distribution and abundance by distributing a survey questionnaire throughout Britain and by analysing trends in the prevalence of tick infestation oil red grouse chicks Lagopus lagopus scoticus Latham (Galliformes: Tetranoidae), gathered over 19 years at three Scottish sites, and on deer (Cetartiodactyla: Cervidae) C culled over I I years on 26 Ministry of Defence (MoD) estates. Based on the survey. the current known distribution of Ixodes ricinus Linnaeus (Acari: Ixodidae) has expanded by 17% in comparison with the previously known distribution. The survey indicated that people perceive there to be more ticks today than in the past at 73% of locations throughout Britain. Reported increases in tick numbers coincided spatially with perceived increases in deer numbers. At locations where both tick and deer numbers were reported to have increased, these perceived changes occurred at similar times, raising the possibility of a causal link. At other locations, tick numbers were perceived to have increased despite reported declines in deer numbers. The perceptions revealed by the survey were corroborated by quantitative data front red grouse chicks and culled deer. Tick infestation prevalence increased over time on all grouse moors and 77% of MoD estates and decreased at six locations. C1 [Scharlemann, J. P. W.; Randolph, S. E.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford Tick Res Grp, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Scharlemann, J. P. W.; Johnson, P. J.; Macdonald, D. W.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Smith, A. A.] Game & Wildlife Conservat Trust, Dalwhinnie, Perthshire, Scotland. RP Scharlemann, JPW (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM jscharlemann@gmail.com RI Scharlemann, Jorn/A-4737-2008 OI Scharlemann, Jorn/0000-0002-2834-6367 FU Defra [SE4105]; EU [GOCE-2003-010284 EDEN] FX We thank the Heather Trust and the Game Conservancy Trust for distributing the tick survey, especially Alison Young and David Howarth for their help, and the Service Branch of the British Deer Society and Rosie Rowe for access to the Ministry of Defence deer database. Without the help of several local biological record centres and countless individuals who provided Lis with their records of Ixodes ricinus, this work would not have been possible. Nicholas Aebischer made helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. This study was funded principally by a g-rant from Defra (SE4105 to SER), with additional support from EU grant GOCE-2003-010284 EDEN; it is catalogued by the EDEN Steering Committee as EDEN0054 (http://www. eden-fp6project.net/). The contents of this publication are the responsibility of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. NR 31 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 44 U2 96 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 238 EP 247 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00734.x PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 339MO UT WOS:000258581900006 PM 18816272 ER PT J AU Zeng, BJ Torres, PA Viner, TC Wang, ZH Raghavan, SS Alroy, J Pastores, GM Kolodny, EH AF Zeng, B. J. Torres, P. A. Viner, T. C. Wang, Z. H. Raghavan, S. S. Alroy, J. Pastores, G. M. Kolodny, E. H. TI Spontaneous appearance of Tay-Sachs disease in an animal model SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE beta-hexosaminidase A gene; Tay-Sachs disease; animal model; missense mutation; lysosomal storage disorder ID BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; NON-JEWISH PATIENTS; G(M2) GANGLIOSIDOSIS; SANDHOFF-DISEASE; BETA-HEXOSAMINIDASE; MOUSE MODEL; HEXA GENE; TARGETED DISRUPTION; ASPARTOACYLASE GENE; CANAVAN-DISEASE AB Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder due to an autosomal recessively inherited deficiency of p-hexosaminidase A (Hex A). Deficiency of Hex A in TSD is caused by a defect of the a-subunit resulting from mutations of the HEXA gene. To date, there is no effective treatment for TSD. Animal models of genetic diseases, similar to those known to exist in humans, are valuable and essential research tools for the study of potentially effective therapies. However, there is no ideal animal model of TSD available for use in therapeutic trials. In the present study, we report an animal model (American flamingo; Phoenicopterus ruber) of TSD with Hex A deficiency occurring spontaneously in nature, with accumulation of G(M2)-ganglioside, deficiency of Hex A enzymatic activity, and a homozygous P469L mutation in exon 12 of the hexa gene. In addition, we have isolated the full-length cDNA sequence of the flamingo, which consists of 1581 nucleotides encoding a protein of 527 amino acids. Its coding sequence indicates approximately 71% identity at the nucleotide level and about 72.5% identity at the amino acid level with the encoding region of the human HEXA gene. This animal model, with many of the same features as TSD in humans, could represent a valuable resource for investigating therapy of TSD. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zeng, B. J.; Torres, P. A.; Raghavan, S. S.; Pastores, G. M.; Kolodny, E. H.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Viner, T. C.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Wang, Z. H.] New York Downtown Hosp, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10038 USA. [Alroy, J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Alroy, J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kolodny, EH (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM edwin.kolodny@nyumc.org FU Genzyme Corporation FX This word was funded in part by a research grant from the Genzyme Corporation. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.06.010 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 358TS UT WOS:000259941000010 PM 18693054 ER PT J AU Rocha, LA Lindeman, KC Rocha, CR Lessios, HA AF Rocha, Luiz A. Lindeman, Kenyon C. Rocha, Claudia R. Lessios, H. A. TI Historical biogeography and speciation in the reef fish genus Haemulon (Teleostei : Haemulidae) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE reef fish; western Atlantic; eastern Pacific; biogeography; Brazil; Caribbean; Inermia ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; EASTERN PACIFIC; HYBRIDIZATION; PERCIFORMES; PATTERNS; DIVERGENCE; AUSTRALIA AB The high biodiversity of tropical marine hotspots has long intrigued evolutionary biologists and biogeographers. The genus Haemulon (grunts) is one of the most important (numerically, ecologically, and economically) reef fish groups in the New World and an excellent candidate to test hypotheses of speciation and diversity generation in the Greater Caribbean, the richest Atlantic biodiversity hotspot, as well as the eastern Pacific. To elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among the species of Haemulon, we obtained a combined total of 2639 base pairs from two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase 1), and two nuclear genes (TMO-4C4 and RAG2) from all nominal species. Parsimony, Maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses resulted in a well-resolved phylogeny with almost identical topologies. Previous phylogenetic hypotheses based on adult morphology, such as the close relationship among H. aurolineatum, H. boschmae, and H. striatum were not supported, whereas others using developmental characters, such as the relationship between H. plumieri and H. sciurus, were confirmed Our data. also indicate that the populations of the nominal H. steindachneri from the two sides of the Isthmus of Panama are genetically divergent at the species level in each ocean, and that the boga, Inermia vittata (family Inermiidae), belongs in the genus Haemulon. This evidence implies that there are 21 valid species of Haemulon, two more than previously recognized. The Amazon barrier and the Isthmus of Panama seem to have played roles in allopatric speciation of Haemulon. However, the majority of sister species pairs have completely overlapping distributions, indicating that vicariance is not the only process driving speciation in this genus. We conclude that both vicariance between biogeographic provinces, and ecological mechanisms of speciation within provinces contribute to species richness in the genus Haemulon. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rocha, Luiz A.; Rocha, Claudia R.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Rocha, Luiz A.; Lessios, H. A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Lindeman, Kenyon C.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Marine & Environm Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Rocha, LA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM rochal@hawaii.edu RI Rocha, Luiz/C-5107-2011 FU Brazilian Navy; Smithsonian Tropical Research institute; National Geographic Society [7708-04]; Environmental Defense; HIMB-NWHI Coral Reef Research Partnership [NMSP MOA 2005-008/66882]; National Science Foundation [OCE-0453167] FX We thank Alfredo Carvalho-Filho, Bertran Feitoza, Cadu Ferreira, Sergio Floeter, Joao Luiz Gasparini, Zandy Hillis-Starr, Brian Luckhurst, Osmar Luiz-Junior, Debra Murie, Daryl Parkyn, Brendalee Philips, Jo Pitt, Juan Posada, D. Ross Robertson, Ierece Rosa, Ricardo Rosa, and Bill Smith-Vaniz for providing samples and for help with field work. Rodrigo Moura clarified distributions on Fig. 3. Rob Robins, H.J. Walker, and Jeff Williams catalogued and/or loaned voucher specimens deposited at the UF, SIO, and USNM collections, respectively. Andy Bentley sent us the Inermia tissue samples deposited at the KU collection. Discussions with Brian Bowen, Matthew Craig, and Stephen Karl greatly improved the manuscript. Collection permits were provided by the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries of Bermuda (permit 01/12-2001), the Belize Fisheries Department (permit GEN/FIS/15/04/2002), the National Park Service at St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands (permit BUIS-2001-SCI-0004), Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura (INAPESCA) of Venezuela, and Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente (IBAMA) of Brazil. Fishes were collected following the guidelines of the University of Hawaii Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee. This work was financially supported by the Brazilian Navy, the Smithsonian Tropical Research institute, the National Geographic Society (Grant 7708-04 to L.A. Rocha), Environmental Defense, the HIMB-NWHI Coral Reef Research Partnership (NMSP MOA 2005-008/66882 to Brian Bowen), and the National Science Foundation (Grant OCE-0453167 to Brian Bowen). NR 64 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 918 EP 928 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.024 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 351JT UT WOS:000259421300010 PM 18599320 ER PT J AU Hultgren, KM Stachowicz, JJ AF Hultgren, K. M. Stachowicz, J. J. TI Molecular phylogeny of the brachyuran crab superfamily Majoidea indicates close congruence with trees based on larval morphology SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Majoidea; 16S; 28S; COI; decorator crabs; spider crabs; Majidae; Brachyura ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; LONG-BRANCH ATTRACTION; DECORATING BEHAVIOR; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; TRADE-OFFS; CRUSTACEA; DECAPODA; MAJIDAE; MODEL; EVOLUTION AB In this study, we constructed the first molecular phylogeny of the diverse crab superfamily Majoidea (Decapoda: Pleocyemata: Brachyura), using three loci (16S, COI, and 28S) from 37 majoid species. We used this molecular phylogeny to evaluate evidence for phylogenetic hypotheses based on larval and adult morphology. Our study supports several relationships predicted from larval morphology. These include a monophyletic Oregoniidae family branching close to the base of the tree; a close phylogenetic association among the Epialtidae, Pisidae, Tychidae, and Mithracidae families; and some support for the monophyly of the Inachidae and Majidae families. However, not all majoid families were monophyletic in our molecular tree, providing weaker support for phylogenetic hypotheses inferred strictly from adult morphology (i.e., monophyly of individual families). This suggests the adult morphological characters traditionally used to classify majoids into different families may be subject to convergence. Furthermore, trees constructed with data from any single locus were more poorly resolved than trees constructed from the combined dataset, suggesting that utilization of multiple loci are necessary to reconstruct relationships in this group. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hultgren, K. M.; Stachowicz, J. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hultgren, KM (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Lab, POB 0843-03092, Balboa Ancon, Panama. EM hultgrenk@si.edu RI Hultgren, Kristin/F-6862-2011 FU Center for Biosystematics and the Center for Population Biology at University of California; NSF [OCE 03-51779] FX This work could not have been done without the generous help and resources of several individuals and institutions. P. Wirtz, B. Mahon, M. Hickerson, M. Ishida, Celine Duluc, J. Byrnes, E. Sotka, R. Prescott, A. Palma, and L. LaPlante kindly provided specimens, and the NSF East Asia and Pacific institute provided funding for collection of Japanese specimens by K.M.H. B. Cameron, J. Wares, M. Dawson, R. Grosberg, and W. Hawatky assisted with and/or provided resources for genetic laboratory work. This work was funded by grants from the Center for Biosystematics and the Center for Population Biology at University of California, Davis (to K.M.H) and by NSF grant OCE 03-51779 (to J.J.S). The Los Angeles County Natural History Museum, the California Academy of Sciences, the Smithsonian Institution, and the London Natural History museum provided access to museum specimens. J. Martin, P. Wainwright, R. Grosberg, and G. Davis provided important insights into phylogenetic methods and systematics of the majoids. J. Neigel gave constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, and this manuscript was greatly improved by comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 74 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 986 EP 996 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.004 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 351JT UT WOS:000259421300015 PM 18621552 ER PT J AU Nie, ZL Wen, J Azurna, H Qiu, YL Sun, H Meng, Y Sun, WB Zimmer, EA AF Nie, Ze-Long Wen, Jun Azurna, Hiroshi Qiu, Yin-Long Sun, Hang Meng, Ying Sun, Wei-Bang Zimmer, Elizabeth A. TI Phylogenetic and biogeographic complexity of Magnoliaceae in the Northern Hemisphere inferred from three nuclear data sets SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE biogeographic complexity; disjunction; Magnoliaceae; Northern Hemisphere; nuclear sequences; phylogeny ID PHYTOCHROME GENE FAMILY; DISJUNCT SECTION RYTIDOSPERMUM; EASTERN ASIA; LIRIODENDRON MAGNOLIACEAE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; GROUP SAXIFRAGACEAE; ALLOZYME VARIATION; FLOWERING PLANTS; DIVERGENCE TIMES AB This study employs three nuclear genes (PHYA, LFY, and GAI1) to reconstruct the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of Magnoliaceae. A total of 104 samples representing 86 taxa from all sections and most subsections were sequenced. Twelve major groups are well supported to be monophyletic within Magnoliaceae and these groups are largely consistent with the recent taxonomic revision at the sectional and subsectional levels. However, relationships at deeper nodes of the subfamily Magnolioideae remain not well resolved. A relaxed clock relying on uncorrelated rates suggests that the complicated divergent evolution of Magnolioideae began around the early Eocene (54.57 mya), concordant with paleoclimatic and fossil evidence. Intercontinental disjunctions of Magnoliaceae in the Northern Hemisphere appear to have originated during at least two geologic periods. Some occurred after the middle Miocene, represented by two well-recognized temperate lineages disjunct between eastern Asia and eastern North America. The others may have occurred no later than the Oligocene, with ancient separations between or within tropical and temperate lineages. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nie, Ze-Long; Wen, Jun; Sun, Hang; Meng, Ying; Sun, Wei-Bang] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Nie, Ze-Long] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Wen, Jun; Zimmer, Elizabeth A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wen, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Azurna, Hiroshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Bot, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Qiu, Yin-Long] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Meng, Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res Kunming, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Sun, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, 132 Lanhei Rd, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. EM hsun@mail.kib.ac.cn; wenj@si.edu RI Zimmer, Elizabeth/G-3890-2011; Nie, Ze-Long/N-8471-2015 OI Nie, Ze-Long/0000-0001-8065-3981 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB411601]; Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC ) [30625004, 40771073] FX This study was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2007CB411601), the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 30625004 and 40771073 to H. Sun), and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (to J. Wen), and by the Laboratory of Analytical Biology of the Smith-sonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History. We appreciate the valuable comments from R. Figlar of the Magnolia Society International, South Carolina, USA. NR 138 TC 58 Z9 66 U1 6 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1027 EP 1040 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.004 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 351JT UT WOS:000259421300018 PM 18619549 ER PT J AU Andras, P Kocsis, B AF Andras Pal Kocsis, Bence TI Periastron precession measurements in transiting extrasolar planetary systems at the level of general relativity SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE relativity; methods: observational; techniques: photometric; binaries: eclipsing; planetary systems ID TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; TIMING VARIATIONS; MASSIVE PLANET; BRIGHT STAR AB Transiting exoplanetary systems are surpassingly important among the planetary systems since they provide the widest spectrum of information for both the planet and the host star. If a transiting planet is on an eccentric orbit, the duration of transits T(D) is sensitive to the orientation of the orbital ellipse relative to the line of sight. The precession of the orbit results in a systematic variation in both the duration of individual transit events and the observed period between successive transits, P(obs). The periastron of the ellipse slowly precesses due to general relativity and possibly the presence of other planets in the system. This secular precession can be detected through the long-term change in P(obs) (transit timing variations, TTV) or in T(D) (transit duration variations, TDV). We estimate the corresponding precession measurement precision for repeated future observations of the known eccentric transiting exoplanetary systems (XO-3b, HD 147506b, GJ 436b and HD 17156b) using existing or planned space-borne instruments. The TDV measurement improves the precession detection sensitivity by orders of magnitude over the TTV measurement. We find that TDV measurements over a approximately 4 yr period can typically detect the precession rate to a precision well exceeding the level predicted by general relativity. C1 [Andras Pal; Kocsis, Bence] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Andras Pal] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. [Kocsis, Bence] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Atom Phys, Inst Phys, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. RP Andras, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM apal@cfa.harvard.edu; bkocsis@cfa.harvard.edu RI Kocsis, Bence/C-3061-2013 OI Kocsis, Bence/0000-0002-4865-7517 FU HATNet; NASA [NNG04GN74G]; OTKA [68228] FX The authors would like to thank the hospitality and support of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics where this work was partially carried out. We thank Andres Jordan for useful comments on the manuscript. AP acknowledges support from the HATNet project, and NASA grant NNG04GN74G. BK acknowledges support from OTKA grant No. 68228. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 389 IS 1 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13512.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 505FZ UT WOS:000270677800016 ER PT J AU Yun, MS Aretxaga, I Ashby, MLN Austermann, J Fazio, GG Giavalisco, M Huang, JS Hughes, DH Kim, S Lowenthal, JD Perera, T Scott, K Wilson, G Younger, JD AF Yun, Min S. Aretxaga, Itziar Ashby, Matthew L. N. Austermann, Jason Fazio, Giovanni G. Giavalisco, Mauro Huang, Jia-Sheng Hughes, David H. Kim, Sungeun Lowenthal, James D. Perera, Thushara Scott, Kim Wilson, Grant Younger, Joshua D. TI Spitzer IRAC infrared colours of submillimetre-bright galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: starburst; cosmology: observations; infrared: galaxies ID DEEP-FIELD-NORTH; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DEGREE EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; HIGH-REDSHIFT; STARBURST GALAXIES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; NUMBER COUNTS; LOCKMAN HOLE AB High-redshift submillimetre-bright galaxies identified by blank field surveys at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths appear in the region of the Infra Red Array Camera (IRAC) colour-colour diagrams previously identified as the domain of luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our analysis using a set of empirical and theoretical dusty starburst spectral energy distribution (SED) models shows that power-law continuum sources associated with hot dust heated by young (less than or similar to 100 Myr old), extreme starbursts at z > 2 also occupy the same general area as AGNs in the IRAC colour-colour plots. A detailed comparison of the IRAC colours and SEDs demonstrates that the two populations are distinct from each other, with submillimetre-bright galaxies having a systematically flatter IRAC spectrum (greater than or similar to 1 mag bluer in the observed [4.5]-[8.0] colour). Only about 20 per cent of the objects overlap ill the colour-colour plots, and this low fraction suggests that submillimetre galaxies powered by a dust-obscured AGN are not common. The red infrared colours of the submillimetre galaxies are distinct from those of the ubiquitous foreground IRAC sources, and we propose a set of infrared colour selection criteria for identifying SMG counterparts that call be used even in the absence of radio or Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) 24 mu m data. C1 [Yun, Min S.; Austermann, Jason; Giavalisco, Mauro; Perera, Thushara; Scott, Kim; Wilson, Grant] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Aretxaga, Itziar; Hughes, David H.] INAOE, Tonantzintla, Peubla, Mexico. [Ashby, Matthew L. N.; Fazio, Giovanni G.; Huang, Jia-Sheng; Younger, Joshua D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kim, Sungeun] Sejong Univ, Astron & Space Sci Dept, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Lowenthal, James D.] Smith Coll, Dept Astron, Northampton, MA 01060 USA. RP Yun, MS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM myun@astro.umass.edu FU NSF [AST 05-40852] FX We thank M. Poletta for providing its with the library of empirical galaxy SED templates used in Fig. 4. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Linder NASA contact 1407. This work is also partially funded by NSF Grant AST 05-40852 to the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory. NR 68 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 389 IS 1 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13565.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 505FZ UT WOS:000270677800034 ER PT J AU Rojas, EI Herre, EA Mejia, LC Arnold, AE Chaverri, P Samuels, GJ AF Rojas, Enith I. Herre, Edward Allen Mejia, Luis C. Arnold, A. Elizabeth Chaverri, Priscila Samuels, Gary J. TI Endomelanconiopsis, a new anamorph genus in the Botryosphaeriaceae SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Austrocenangium; Endomelanconium; endophytic fungi; Heisteria concinna; systematics; Theobroma cacao ID TROPICAL FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; SP-NOV; DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENY; PHOMOPSIS; INFERENCE; TAXONOMY; LEAVES; PLANTS; TREES AB A new lineage is discovered within the Botryosphaetiaceae (Ascomycetes, Dothideomycetes, incertae sedis). Consistent with current practice of providing generic names for independent lineages, this lineage is described as Endomelanconiopsis gen. nov., with the anamorphic species E. endophytica sp. nov. and E. microspora comb. nov. (= Endomelanconium microsporum). Endomelanconiopsis is characterized by eustromatic conidiomata and holoblastically produced, brown, nonapiculate, unicellular conidia, produced, brown, nonapiculate, unicellular conidia, each with a longitudinal germ slit. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of LSU. ITS and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1) indicate that E. endophytica is sister of E. microspora and that they are nested within the Botryosphaeriaceae. However because there is no support for the "backbone" of the Botryosphaeriacae we are not able to see the interrelationships among the many genera ill the Family. Neither species is known to have a teleomorph. Endomelanconiopsis differs from Endomelanconium because conidia of the type species of the type species of E. pini, are papillate at the base, conidiogenous cells proliferate sympodially and the pycnidial wall is thinner; we positulate that the teleomorph of E. pini as yet unknown is an inoperculate discomycete. endophytica, was isolated as all endophyte from healthy, leaves of Theobroma cacao (cacao, Malvaceae) and Heisteria concinna. (Erythroplaceae) in Panama. Endomelanconiopsis microspora was isolated from soil ill Europe. C1 [Samuels, Gary J.] USDA ARS, Syst Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rojas, Enith I.; Herre, Edward Allen] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Mejia, Luis C.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Arnold, A. Elizabeth] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Chaverri, Priscila] Howard Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Samuels, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Syst Mycol & Microbiol Lab, B-011A,Room 304,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gary.samuels@ars.usda.gov OI Chaverri, Priscila/0000-0002-8486-6033 NR 52 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 100 IS 5 BP 760 EP 775 DI 10.3852/07-207 PG 16 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 365VC UT WOS:000260436100011 PM 18959162 ER PT J AU Xiao, YH Novikova, I Phillips, DF Walsworth, RL AF Xiao, Yanhong Novikova, Irina Phillips, David F. Walsworth, Ronald L. TI Repeated interaction model for diffusion-induced Ramsey narrowing SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN INTERACTION; SPECTROSCOPY; COHERENCE; RESONANCE; LINE AB In a recent paper [Y. Xiao et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 043601 (2006)] we characterized diffusion-induced Ramsey narrowing as a general phenomenon, in which diffusion of coherence in-and-out of an interaction region such as a laser beam induces spectral narrowing of the associated resonance lineshape. Here we provide a detailed presentation of the repeated interaction model of diffusion-induced Ramsey narrowing, with particular focus on its application to Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) of atomic vapor in a buffer gas cell. We compare this model both to experimental data and numerical calculations. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Xiao, Yanhong; Phillips, David F.; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Novikova, Irina] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Xiao, YH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM yxiao@post.harvard.edu RI Novikova, Irina/B-9041-2008 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 18 BP 14128 EP 14141 DI 10.1364/OE.16.014128 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 349GZ UT WOS:000259270600066 PM 18773022 ER PT J AU Gaillou, E Delaunay, A Rondeau, B Bouhnik-Le-Coz, M Fritsch, E Cornen, G Monnier, C AF Gaillou, Eloise Delaunay, Aurelien Rondeau, Benjamin Bouhnik-le-Coz, Martine Fritsch, Emmanuel Cornen, Guy Monnier, Christophe TI The geochemistry of gem opals as evidence of their origin SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Opal; Chemical composition; Trace element analysis; Genesis; ICP-MS ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; PRECIOUS OPAL; CLASSIFICATION; TRANSPORT; SILICON; NEVADA; WATER; BA AB Seventy-seven gem opals from ten Countries were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) through a dilution process, in order to establish the nature of the impurities. The results are correlated to the mode of formation and physical properties and are instrumental in establishing the geographical origin of a gem opal. The geochemistry of an opal is shown to be dependant mostly on the host rock, at least for examples from Mexico and Brazil, even if modified by weathering processes. In order of decreasing concentration, the main impurities present are Al, Ca, Fe, K, Na, and Mg (more than 500 ppm). Other noticeable elements in lesser amounts are Ba, followed by Zr, Sr, Rb, U, and Pb. For the first time, geochemistry helps to discriminate some varieties of opals. The Ba content, as well as the chondrite-normalized REE pattern, are the keys to separating sedimentary opals (Ba> 110 ppm, EU and Ce anomalies) from volcanic opals (Ba< 110 ppm, no Eu or Ce anomaly). The Ca content, and to a lesser extent that of Mg, Al, K and Nb, helps to distinguish gem opals from different volcanic environments. The limited range of concentrations for all elements in precious (play-of-color) compared to common opals, indicates that this variety must have very specific. or more restricted, conditions of formation. We tentatively interpreted the presence of impurities in terms of crystallochemistry, even if opal is a poorly crystallized or amorphous material. The Mail) replacement is the substitution of Si4+ by Al3+ and Fe3+. The induced charge imbalance is compensated chiefly by Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ba2+, K+, and Na+. In terms of origin of color, greater concentrations of iron induce darker colors (from yellow to "chocolate brown"). This element inhibits luminescence for concentrations above 1000 ppm, whereas already a low content in U (<= 1 ppm) induces a green luminescence. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gaillou, Eloise; Delaunay, Aurelien; Fritsch, Emmanuel] Univ Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Univ, CNRS, Inst Mat Jean Rouxel IMN,UMR 6502, F-44000 Nantes, France. [Gaillou, Eloise] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Rondeau, Benjamin; Cornen, Guy; Monnier, Christophe] Univ Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Univ, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, UFR Sci Tech, F-44322 Nantes, France. [Bouhnik-le-Coz, Martine] Lab Geochim, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Gaillou, E (reprint author), Univ Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Univ, CNRS, Inst Mat Jean Rouxel IMN,UMR 6502, 2 Rue Houssiniere,BP 32229, F-44000 Nantes, France. EM Eloise.Gaillou@cnrs-imn.fr; asteriee@yahoo.fr RI Gaillou, Eloise/D-1753-2009 OI Gaillou, Eloise/0000-0002-7949-268X NR 54 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 34 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2007.07.004 PG 14 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 358LE UT WOS:000259917500007 ER PT J AU Gavrila, M Simbotin, I Stroe, M AF Gavrila, M. Simbotin, I. Stroe, M. TI Low-frequency atomic stabilization and dichotomy in superintense laser fields from the high-intensity high-frequency Floquet theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LINEAR-POLARIZATION; HYDROGEN-ATOM; DISTORTION AB The Floquet problem for the interaction of an atom with a monochromatic laser field of frequency omega was studied long ago for the case of high omega and arbitrary intensity using the "high-frequency Floquet theory'' (HFFT). The two parameters of the theory are the frequency omega and the classical excursion parameter alpha(0) equivalent to E(0)omega(-2), where E(0) is the electric field strength. HFFT solves the Floquet system by successive iterations. Convergence of the iteration procedure was shown to be ensured by the condition that omega be suffiently large with respect to some typical atomic excitation energy. We now establish that the same iteration procedure is capable of handling the case of low frequency at sufficiently high intensity. This leads to the conclusion that in this case the ionization rates display quasistationary stabilization also at low omega. The concept is thus not exclusively related to high frequencies, as widely assumed. In addition, it suggests that a more appropriate designation for the theory should be "high-intensity, high-frequency Floquet theory'' (IHFFT). Our general results are applied to a frequently used one-dimensional (1D) soft-core potential model, for which explicit analytic results can be obtained for the quasienergies and wave functions from the general HIHFFT formulas. The relevance of these quasistationary results for the case of laser pulses is pointed out. C1 [Gavrila, M.; Simbotin, I.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gavrila, M.] FOM, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Stroe, M.] Univ Bucharest, Dept Chem, R-030018 Bucharest, Romania. RP Gavrila, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Stroe, Marius Cristian/D-1125-2014 FU National Science Foundation FX This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation through a grant to ITAMP. Two of us (M. G. and I. S.) would like to thank A. Dalgarno for his hospitality there. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 033404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.033404 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 355DO UT WOS:000259689400112 ER PT J AU Stroe, M Simbotin, I Gavrila, M AF Stroe, M. Simbotin, I. Gavrila, M. TI Low-frequency atomic stabilization and dichotomy in superintense laser fields: Full Floquet results SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL REALITY; STATES AB In the preceding paper we have shown, based on the high-intensity, high-frequency Floquet theory (IHFFT), that atomic quasistationary stabilization (QS) and dichotomy are not necessarily high-frequency phenomena as widely believed, but can occur also at photon energies small with respect to the unperturbed ground state binding energy, provided that the field is strong enough. In this paper we approach the issue from the point of view of accurate numerical Floquet computations. We have made a comprehensive determination of the Floquet quasienergies for a one-dimensional (1D) atomic model with a soft-core Coulomb potential (ground state energy W(0) = -0.500 a.u.) in a laser field of constant amplitude E(0) and frequency omega. The excursion parameter alpha(0)= E(0)/omega(2) was varied over the range 0 < alpha(0) < 100, at two low frequencies omega=0.12 and 0.24 a. u. (omega < vertical bar W(0)vertical bar); the lowest- lying 18 states were computed. We present graphs for the alpha(0) dependence of the energies of the states in the field, W(alpha(0)) = Re E ("Floquet maps"), and their ionization rates Gamma(alpha(0)). An intricate behavior of W(alpha(0)) was revealed at low alpha(0), with many crossings, avoided crossings (ACs), and Floquet states materializing or disappearing at multiples of omega energy thresholds. At large alpha(0), however, the uneventful pattern encountered at high frequencies is regained, in which the levels tend monotonically to zero modulo omega (i. e., the binding energies of all states vanish). Also Gamma(alpha(0)) varies substantially at low alpha(0), attaining sometimes large values, but at large alpha(0) it decreases to zero in an oscillatory manner (QS). The form of the components of the Floquet wave function was also followed from low to large alpha(0), and abrupt changes were found in most cases at ACs. The Floquet results were then compared to a computation of the HIHFFT formulas for the quasienergies and good agreement was found (to within the expected accuracy of HIHFFT). This confirms that HIHFFT is fully capable of describing the low- frequency regime at large enough alpha(0), and in particular the existence of QS and dichotomy. C1 [Stroe, M.] Univ Bucharest, Dept Chem, R-030018 Bucharest, Romania. [Simbotin, I.; Gavrila, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gavrila, M.] FOM, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Stroe, M (reprint author), Univ Bucharest, Dept Chem, R-030018 Bucharest, Romania. RI Stroe, Marius Cristian/D-1125-2014 FU National Science Foundation FX This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation through a grant to ITAMP. Two of us (M. G. and I. S.) would like to thank A. Dalgarno for his hospitality there. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 033405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.033405 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 355DO UT WOS:000259689400113 ER PT J AU Finkbeiner, DP Padmanabhan, N Weiner, N AF Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Padmanabhan, Nikhil Weiner, Neal TI CMB and 21-cm signals for dark matter with a long-lived excited state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINATION; POLARIZATION; HYDROGEN; UNIVERSE; LINE; ANNIHILATIONS; REIONIZATION; COLLISIONS; DECAYS; IMPACT AB Motivated by the eXciting dark matter model of Finkbeiner and Weiner, hypothesized to explain the 511 keV signal in the center of the Milky Way, we consider the cosmic microwave background and 21-cm signatures of models of dark matter with collisional long-lived excited states. We compute the relic excitation fraction from the early Universe for a variety of assumptions about the collisional de-excitation cross section and thermal decoupling. The relic excitation fraction can be as high as 1% for natural regions of parameter space, but could be orders of magnitude smaller. Since the lifetime of the excited state is naturally greater than 10(13) s, we discuss the signatures of such relic excitation on cosmic microwave background and high-z 21-cm observations. Such models have potentially richer astrophysical signals than the traditional weakly interacting massive particle annihilations and decays, and may have observable consequences for future generations of experiments. C1 [Finkbeiner, Douglas P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Padmanabhan, Nikhil] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Weiner, Neal] NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Finkbeiner, DP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063530 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.063530 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355ES UT WOS:000259692800054 ER PT J AU Pritchard, JR Pierpaoli, E AF Pritchard, Jonathan R. Pierpaoli, Elena TI Constraining massive neutrinos using cosmological 21 cm observations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CENTIMETER FLUCTUATIONS; HIGH REDSHIFTS; POWER SPECTRUM; GALAXY SURVEYS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; DARK ENERGY; 21-CM LINE; REIONIZATION; UNIVERSE; OSCILLATIONS AB Observations of neutrino oscillations show that neutrinos have mass. However, the best constraints on this mass currently come from cosmology, via measurements of the cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure. In this paper, we explore the prospects for using low-frequency radio observations of the redshifted 21 cm signal from the epoch of reionization to further constrain neutrino masses. We use the Fisher matrix formalism to compare future galaxy surveys and 21 cm experiments. We show that by pushing to smaller scales and probing a considerably larger volume, 21 cm experiments can provide stronger constraints on neutrino masses than even very large galaxy surveys. Finally, we consider the possibility of going beyond measurements of the total neutrino mass to constraining the mass hierarchies. For a futuristic, 21 cm experiment we show that individual neutrino masses could be measured separately from the total neutrino mass. C1 [Pritchard, Jonathan R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pierpaoli, Elena] Univ So Calif, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Pritchard, JR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS-51,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jpritchard@cfa.harvard.edu OI Pritchard, Jonathan/0000-0003-4127-5353; Pierpaoli, Elena/0000-0002-7957-8993 FU NASA [HST-HF-01211.01-A, NNX07AH59G]; Space Telescope Science Institute; NSF-ADVANCE [AST-0649899]; JPL-Planck [1290790]; JPL SURP [1314616] FX J.R.P. is supported by NASA through Grant No. HST-HF-01211.01-A from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in ., for NASA, under Contract No. NAS 5-26555. Extensive use of CAMB (http://camb.info) made possible the power spectrum calculations in this paper. E. P. acknowledges support from NSF-ADVANCE (AST-0649899) and is also supported by NASA Grant No. NNX07AH59G, JPL-Planck Subcontract No. 1290790, and JPL SURP 1314616. NR 63 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 065009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.065009 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 355ES UT WOS:000259692800153 ER PT J AU Cernusak, LA Winter, K Aranda, J Turner, BL AF Cernusak, Lucas A. Winter, Klaus Aranda, Jorge Turner, Benjamin L. TI Conifers, angiosperm trees, and lianas: Growth, whole-plant water and nitrogen use efficiency, and stable isotope composition (delta C-13 and delta O-18) of seedlings grown in a tropical environment SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; LEAF WATER; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; RICINUS-COMMUNIS; CARBON ISOTOPES; FICUS-INSIPIDA; COTTON LEAVES; PIONEER TREE; PHLOEM SAP; OXYGEN AB Seedlings of several species of gymnosperm trees, angiosperm trees, and angiosperm lianas were grown under tropical field conditions in the Republic of Panama; physiological processes controlling plant C and water fluxes were assessed across this functionally diverse range of species. Relative growth rate, r, was primarily controlled by the ratio of leaf area to plant mass, of which specific leaf area was a key component. Instantaneous photosynthesis, when expressed on a leaf-mass basis, explained 69% of variation in r (P < 0.0001, n = 94). Mean r of angiosperms was significantly higher than that of the gymnosperms; within angiosperms, mean r of lianas was higher than that of trees. Whole-plant nitrogen use efficiency was also significantly higher in angiosperm than in gymnosperm species, and was primarily controlled by the rate of photosynthesis for a given amount of leaf nitrogen. Whole-plant water use efficiency, TEc, varied significantly among species, and was primarily controlled by c(i)/c(a), the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 partial pressures during photosynthesis. Instantaneous measurements of c(i)/c(a) explained 51% of variation in TEc (P < 0.0001, n = 94). Whole-plant C-13 discrimination also varied significantly as a function of c(i)/c(a) (R-2 = 0.57, P < 0.0001, n = 94), and was, accordingly, a good predictor of TEc. The O-18 enrichment of stem dry matter was primarily controlled by the predicted O-18 enrichment of evaporative sites within leaves (R-2 = 0.61, P < 0.0001, n = 94), with some residual variation explained by mean transpiration rate. Measurements of carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios could provide a useful means of parameterizing physiological models of tropical forest trees. C1 [Cernusak, Lucas A.; Winter, Klaus; Aranda, Jorge; Turner, Benjamin L.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Cernusak, LA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM lucas.cernusak@cdu.edu.au RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Cernusak, Lucas/A-6859-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; Cernusak, Lucas/0000-0002-7575-5526 FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Smithsonian Institution FX This work was supported by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. L. A. C. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution and a Tupper Research Fellowship from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. NR 71 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 6 U2 52 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 148 IS 1 BP 642 EP 659 DI 10.1104/pp.108.123521 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 344SM UT WOS:000258947600054 PM 18599645 ER PT J AU Hummer, DR Heaney, PJ Post, JE AF Hummer, D. R. Heaney, P. J. Post, J. E. TI Thermal expansion of anatase and rutile between 300 and 575 K using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (vol 22, pg 352, 2007) SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Correction C1 [Hummer, D. R.; Heaney, P. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16082 USA. [Post, J. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hummer, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16082 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 267 EP 267 DI 10.1154/1.2966362 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 349BP UT WOS:000259254100014 ER PT J AU Eamon, M Royse, L AF Eamon, Michael Royse, Lisa TI 1783: SUBJECT OR CITIZEN? SO PROLOGUE-QUARTERLY OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Article C1 [Royse, Lisa] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Royse, Lisa] Colonial Williamsburg, Williamsburg, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ARCHIVES RECORDS ADMINISTRATION PI WASHINGTON PA TRUST FUND BOARD, WASHINGTON, DC 20408 USA SN 0033-1031 J9 PROLOGUE JI Prologue PD FAL PY 2008 VL 40 IS 3 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC History SC History GA 366KP UT WOS:000260480000006 ER PT J AU Maloney, KO Garten, CT Ashwood, TL AF Maloney, Kelly O. Garten, Charles T., Jr. Ashwood, Tom L. TI Changes in soil properties following 55 years of secondary forest succession at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; density; historic land use; land use legacy; nitrogen; restoration; soil ID LAND-USE HISTORY; PUERTO-RICO; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; HARDWOOD FORESTS; MIXED PINE; CARBON; NITROGEN; VEGETATION; RECOVERY; GROWTH AB present results on changes in soil properties following land use change over an approximately 55-year period at Fort Benning, Georgia, U.S.A. Soil cores were taken at 129 locations that were categorized as reforested (field/ bare ground in 1944 and forest in 1.999), disturbed (field/ bare ground in 1944 and 1999), or reference forests (forest in 1944 and 1999). Soil disturbance included historic agriculture (pre-1944) and military training (post-1944). Density in mineral soils exhibited a historic land use legacy effect (reference < reforested < disturbed). Rates of change in bulk density decreased with depth and estimated total times to reach reference forest levels ranged from 83 (0-10 cm) to 165 (3040 cm) years. A land use legacy effect on C stock was apparent in the O-horizon and in 30- to 40-cm soil increment (reference > reforested > disturbed). Soil C stock in all other increments and in particulate organic matter was affected by disturbance; however, no legacy was apparent (reference = reforested > disturbed). For the entire soil profile (O-horizon to 40 cm), rate of C accrual was 28 g m-(2) yr(-1) (1.5%/yr). Nitrogen stocks were affected by disturbance in the O-horizon and 0- to 10-cm increment; however, no legacy effect was detected (reference = reforested > disturbed). Nitrogen accumulated at 0.56 g m(-2) yr(-1) (0.6%/yr) for the entire soil profile. At Fort Benning, soil C and N stocks of reforested stands were similar to those of reference forested stands after approximately 55 years. However, soil bulk density was greater on reforested stands than reference forest stands at 55 years and may require an additional century to reach reference levels. C1 [Maloney, Kelly O.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Garten, Charles T., Jr.; Ashwood, Tom L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maloney, KO (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM maloneyk@si.edu FU U.S. Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Ecosystem Management Program (SEMP); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) [CS-1114C, CS_1186]; Auburn University Center for Forest Sustainability Peaks of Excellence Program; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Ecosystem Management Program (SEMP), contracts CS-1114C and CS-1186 to Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and by the Auburn University Center for Forest Sustainability Peaks of Excellence Program. The research was partly supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research funding to file Consortium for Research on Enhancing Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems. ORNL is managed by the University of Tennessee-Battelle LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. SERDP is funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We thank D. Eldridge and two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. We also thank B. Lu (retired) and D. Brice (ORNL) for their technical contributions in the laboratory, and personnel at Fort Benning, including J. Brent, P. Swiderek, and H. Westbury, for their assistance during SEMP. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 38 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 16 IS 3 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00324.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 346SH UT WOS:000259089000017 ER PT J AU Nieves-Aldrey, JL Ibanez, A Medianero, E AF Luis Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Ibanez, Alicia Medianero, Enrique TI Richness and composition of gall-inducing arthropods at Coiba National Park, Panama SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Coiba; gall-inducing insects; gall richness; host plant; insect/plant interaction; Panama ID TROPICAL DRY FOREST; SPECIES RICHNESS; INSECTS; BIODIVERSITY; PATTERNS; BRAZIL AB Interest in studying galls and their arthropods inducers has been growing rapidly in the last two decades. However, the Neotropical region is probably the least studied region for gall-inducing arthropods. A study of the richness and composition of gall-inducing arthropods was carried out at Coiba National Park in the Republic of Panama. Field data come from samples obtained between August 1997 and September 1999, with three (two-week long) more intensive samplings. Seventeen sites, representing the main land habitats of Coiba National Park were surveyed. 4942 galls of 50 insect and 9 mite species inducing galls on 50 vascular plants from 30 botanical families were colleted. 62.7% of the galls were induced by gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), 15.3% by mites, Eriophyidae, 8.5% by Homoptera, Psyllidae, 6.8% by Coccidae and 5.1% by Phlaeothripidae (Tysanoptera). The host plant families with the most galls were Myrtaceae with seven, Bignoniaceae with five and Euphorbiaccae, Fabaceae and Melastomataceae with four. Leaf galls accounted for about 93% of collected galls. Most leaf galls were pit/blister galls followed by covering and pouch galls. Gall richness per collecting site was between 1 and 19 species. Coiba's gall diversity is discussed in relation to data available from other tropical sites from continental Panama and the Neotropical region. Our results support the idea that it may be premature to conclude that species richness of gall inducers declines near the equator. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (3): 1269-1286. Epub 2008 September 30. C1 [Luis Nieves-Aldrey, Jose] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dpto Biodiversidad, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Ibanez, Alicia] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Medianero, Enrique] Univ Panama, Programa Centroamer Maestria Entomol Vicerrectori, Panama City, Panama. RP Nieves-Aldrey, JL (reprint author), CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dpto Biodiversidad, C Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM aldrey@mncn.csic.es; ibaneza@si.edu; mcnem823@mncn.csic.es RI Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis/K-2544-2012 OI Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis/0000-0002-4711-7455 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1269 EP 1286 PG 18 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 434II UT WOS:000265268000024 PM 19419044 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Nishida, K AF Brown, J. W. Nishida, K. TI A new species of Acleris Hubner, [1825] from high elevations of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Tortricini) SO SHILAP-REVISTA DE LEPIDOPTEROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Tortricidae; Tortricini; Acleris; new species; Costa Rica AB Acleris nishidai Brown, sp. n., is described and illustrated from the central cordillera of Costa. Rica. The new species is assigned to Acleris Hubner, [1825] on the basis of the similarity of the male genitalia with other described species of the genus. The female genitalia are relatively modified and lack the pronounced lateral lobes of the sterigma characteristic of most Acleris. The new species has been reared from native and cultivated Rubus spp. (Rosaceae) at 3000 m elevation. C1 [Brown, J. W.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,Plant Sci Inst,USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Nishida, K.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Sistema Estudios Posgrado Biol, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,Plant Sci Inst,USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. FU NSF FX Ronald Vega, Museo de Insectos, Universidad de Costa Rica, provided KN with larvae of the new species, the use of a room for rearing, and comments on the damage and economic importance of the species in Costa Rica. Marie Metz, USDA, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, captured images of the adults and arranged the figures of the adults and genitalia; David Adamski, USDA, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, prepared the illustration of the male genitalia; Diana Marquez prepared the illustration of the female genitalia. Illustrations of the early stages were prepared by KN. Funds for travel and field work in Costa Rica for JB were provided by the NSF-funded Arthropods of La Selva project through co-P. I. Jack Longino, Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington. The following provided helpful reviews of the manuscript: Jozef Razowski, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Systematic Zoology, Krakow, Poland; Norman Woodley and Thomas Henry, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, U.S.A. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC HISPANO-LUSO-AMER LEPIDOPTEROLOGIA-SHILAP PI MADRID PA APARTADO DE CORREOS, 331, MADRID, 28080, SPAIN SN 0300-5267 J9 SHILAP-REV. LEPIDOPT JI Shilap-Revista Lepidopterol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 36 IS 143 BP 341 EP 348 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 366KN UT WOS:000260479800005 ER PT J AU Clough, GW AF Clough, G. Wayne TI Deep science (National Museum of Natural History) SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, GW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD SEP PY 2008 VL 39 IS 6 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 344OC UT WOS:000258936200011 ER PT J AU Garcia, RA Mathur, S Ballot, J Eff-Darwich, A Jimenez-Reyes, SJ Korzennik, SG AF Garcia, R. A. Mathur, S. Ballot, J. Eff-Darwich, A. Jimenez-Reyes, S. J. Korzennik, S. G. TI Influence of low-degree high-order p-mode splittings on the solar rotation profile SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Helioseismology, Asteroseismology and MHD Connections (HELAS II) CY AUG 20-24, 2007-2008 CL Gottingen, GERMANY DE helioseismology; observations; inverse modeling; interior; radiative zone; core; rotation ID MICHELSON DOPPLER IMAGER; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; LOW-FREQUENCY; SOHO MISSION; CORE; OSCILLATIONS; INTERIOR; EXTRACTION; DYNAMICS; VELOCITY AB The solar rotation profile is well constrained down to about 0.25R(circle dot) thanks to the study of acoustic modes. Since the radius of the inner turning point of a resonant acoustic mode is inversely proportional to the ratio of its frequency to its degree, only the low-degree p modes reach the core. The higher the order of these modes, the deeper they penetrate into the Sun and thus they carry more diagnostic information on the inner regions. Unfortunately, the estimates of frequency splittings at high frequency from Sun-as-a-star measurements have higher observational errors because of mode blending, resulting in weaker constraints on the rotation profile in the inner core. Therefore inversions for the solar internal rotation use only modes below 2.4 mHz for l <= 3. In the work presented here, we used an 11.5-year-long time series to compute the rotational frequency splittings for modes l <= 3 using velocities measured with the GOLF instrument. We carried out a theoretical study of the influence of the low-degree modes in the region from 2 to 3.5 mHz on the inferred rotation profile as a function of their error bars. C1 [Garcia, R. A.; Mathur, S.] CEA DSM CNRS, U Paris Diderot, IRFU SAp, Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ballot, J.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Eff-Darwich, A.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Edafol & Geol, E-38207 Tenerife, Spain. [Eff-Darwich, A.; Jimenez-Reyes, S. J.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38205, Spain. [Korzennik, S. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Garcia, RA (reprint author), CEA DSM CNRS, U Paris Diderot, IRFU SAp, Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM rgarcia@cea.fr; smathur@cea.fr; jballot@mpa-garching.mpg.de; adarwich@ull.es; sjimenez@iac.es; skorzennik@cfa.harvard.edu RI Ballot, Jerome/G-1019-2010; OI Jimenez Reyes, Sebastian/0000-0002-0317-4247; Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-8854-3776 NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 251 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s11207-008-9144-5 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 340PS UT WOS:000258658100009 ER PT J AU Rabello-Soares, MC Korzennik, SG Schou, J AF Rabello-Soares, M. C. Korzennik, S. G. Schou, J. TI Analysis of MDI high-degree mode frequencies and their rotational splittings SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Helioseismology, Asteroseismology and MHD Connections (HELAS II) CY AUG 20-24, 2007-2008 CL Gottingen, GERMANY DE helioseismology, observations; instrumental effects; oscillations, solar; solar cycle, observations ID MICHELSON DOPPLER IMAGER; SOLAR OSCILLATION FREQUENCIES; RING-DIAGRAM ANALYSIS; P-MODES; F-MODE; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; ACTIVE REGIONS; PEAK PROFILES; FLOWS; VARIABILITY AB We present a detailed analysis of solar acoustic mode frequencies and their rotational splittings for modes with degree up to 900. They were obtained by applying spherical harmonic decomposition to full-disk solar images observed by the Michelson Doppler Imager onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft. Global helioseismology analysis of high-degree modes is complicated by the fact that the individual modes cannot be isolated, which has limited so far the use of high-degree data for structure inversion of the near-surface layers (r > 0.97R(circle dot)). In this work, we took great care to recover the actual mode characteristics using a physically motivated model which included a complete leakage matrix. We included in our analysis the following instrumental characteristics: the correct instantaneous image scale, the radial and non-radial image distortions, the effective position angle of the solar rotation axis, and a correction to the Carrington elements. We also present variations of the mode frequencies caused by the solar activity cycle. We have analyzed seven observational periods from 1999 to 2005 and correlated their frequency shift with four different solar indices. The frequency shift scaled by the relative mode inertia is a function of frequency alone and follows a simple power law, where the exponent obtained for the p modes is twice the value obtained for the f modes. The different solar indices present the same result. C1 [Rabello-Soares, M. C.; Schou, J.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Korzennik, S. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rabello-Soares, MC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, 455 Via Palou, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM csoares@sun.stanford.edu; sylvain@cfa.harvard.edu; schou@sun.stanford.edu RI Rabello Soares, Maria Cristina/C-3207-2013; OI Rabello Soares, Maria Cristina/0000-0003-0172-3713 NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 251 IS 1-2 BP 197 EP 224 DI 10.1007/s11207-008-9231-7 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 340PS UT WOS:000258658100016 ER PT J AU Solis, MA Goolsby, JA AF Solis, M. Alma Goolsby, John A. TI New Host Association for Mexican Rice Borer in Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 [Solis, M. Alma] ARS, USDA, Syst Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Goolsby, John A.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX USA. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Syst Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alma.solis@ars.usda.gov; john.goolsby@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 33 IS 3 BP 237 EP 238 DI 10.3958/0147-1724-33.3.237 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 385KC UT WOS:000261812100008 ER PT J AU Butler, RA Laurance, WF AF Butler, Rhett A. Laurance, William F. TI New strategies for conserving tropical forests SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID DEFORESTATION; AMAZON; CONSERVATION; IMPACTS; CRISIS; BRAZIL AB In an interval of just 1-2 decades, the nature of tropical forest destruction has changed. Rather than being dominated by rural farmers, tropical deforestation now is substantially driven by major industries and economic globalization, with timber operations, oil and gas development, large-scale farming and exotic-tree plantations being the most frequent causes of forest loss. Although instigating serious challenges, such changes are also creating important new opportunities for forest conservation. Here we argue that, by increasingly targeting strategic corporations and trade groups with public-pressure campaigns, conservation interests could have a much stronger influence on the fate of tropical forests. C1 [Laurance, William F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Butler, Rhett A.] Mongabay Com, Menlo Pk, CA 94026 USA. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 43 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 9 BP 469 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2008.05.006 PG 4 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 349LZ UT WOS:000259283600001 PM 18656280 ER PT J AU Pereira, ME Viner, TC AF Pereira, M. E. Viner, T. C. TI Oviduct adenocarcinoma in some species of captive snakes SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adenocarcinoma; oviduct; reptile; snake ID RETROVIRAL PARTICLES AB This article reports 5 cases of oviduct adenocarcinoma in adult captive snakes from Smithsonian's National Zoological Park. This neoplasm was found in I of each of the following species: emerald tree boa (Corallus caninus), Amazonian tree boa (Corallus enydris enydris), Burmese rock python (Python molurus bivittatus), Northern pine snake (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus), and corn snake (Elaphe guttata). Grossly, tan to red firm masses were found within oviducts in 3 cases. In an additional 2 cases, the primary tumor was detected only histologically. Microscopically, neoplasms were papillary, and often extended transmurally. The neoplastic cells were polygonal and organized in acini or cords, with often abundant fibrovascular stroma. Hemorrhages and necrosis were present in all cases. Inflammation, myxomatous material, desmoplasia, and bacteria were often observed. Histologic evidence of metastasis was present in all cases. Solid metastases were seen in all animals except the Northern pine snake and involved several organs including the liver, lung, and heart. Emboli of neoplastic cells were observed in all animals but the Burmese rock python and corn snake. C1 [Pereira, M. E.] Huntingdon Life Sci, Safety Assessment, E Millstone, NJ 08875 USA. [Viner, T. C.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC USA. RP Pereira, ME (reprint author), Huntingdon Life Sci, Safety Assessment, POB 2360,Mettlers Rd, E Millstone, NJ 08875 USA. EM pereiram@princeton.huntingdon.com NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 45 IS 5 BP 693 EP 697 DI 10.1354/vp.45-5-693 PG 5 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 353AL UT WOS:000259538400015 PM 18725476 ER PT J AU Winker, K Graves, GR AF Winker, Kevin Graves, Gary R. TI Genetic structure of breeding and wintering populations of Swainson's Warbler SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; LIMNOTHLYPIS-SWAINSONII; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; RARE ALLELES; INFERENCE; BEHAVIOR; INDIVIDUALS; MIGRATION; FLOW; DNA AB Swainson's Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii) is a species of conservation concern because of its small wintering range in the Caribbean Basin. relatively low population densities, and habitat fragmentation in its core breeding range in the southeastern United States. We investigated microsatellite DNA variation among I I breeding, populations from eastern Texas to Virginia and two populations from wintering areas in Jamaica and Mexico. Analyses of six polymorphic loci indicated a moderate level of gene flow among breeding populations. relatively small effective population sizes (< 200 individuals in each sampled population), and subtle population variation. We detected no evidence of population bottlenecks in breeding or wintering populations. Bayesian assignment tests suggested that substantial mixing of breeding populations may Occur in wintering areas. Genetic differences between the Mexican and Jamaican populations indicate they may be drawn from different subsets of breeding Populations. Patterns of genetic variation among breeding and wintering Populations Suggest a network of local and regional conservation programs may be necessary to maintain genetic diversity in Swainson's Warbler. C1 [Winker, Kevin; Graves, Gary R.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, MRC 116, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Winker, Kevin; Graves, Gary R.] Smithsonian Inst, Lab Mol Systemat, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Winker, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska Museum, 907 Yukon Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffksw@uaf.edu RI Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014 OI Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104 FU Legacy Resource Management Program of the U.S. Department of Defense [DAMD17-93-J-3073, DACA87-94-H-0012]; Research Opportunities Fund of the Smithsonian Institution; Jamaican Conservation and Development Trust; National Resouces Conservation Authority (Kingston) USDA Forest Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Department of Defense; Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; Georgia Department of Natural Resouces; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; Texas Parks and Wildlife; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries FX The Legacy Resource Management Program of the U.S. Department of Defense (DAMD17-93-J-3073, DACA87-94-H-0012) and the Research Opportunities Fund of the Smithsonian Institution supported this study. Numerous agencies kindly granted permits for the research: Jamaican Conservation and Development Trust; National Resouces Conservation Authority (Kingston) USDA Forest Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Department of Defense; Arkansas Game and Fish Commission; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Georgia Department of Natural Resouces; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; Texas Parks and Wildlife. Department: and Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. R. T Brumfield and T C. Glenn helped with marker development. R. M. Zink permitted Lis to sample study skins in the Bell Museum of Natural History. Patricia Escalante P provided additional samples from Mexico. B. K. Schmidt, C. M. Milensky, J. P. Angle, and J. P. Dean assisted with specimen preparation. Francois Rousset provided helpful correspondence on making multiple comparisons. M. J. Braun, R. T Brumfield, P O. Lewis, and C. L. Pruett provided helpful comments on an earlier draft. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 120 IS 3 BP 433 EP 445 DI 10.1676/07-073.1 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 347WF UT WOS:000259171400001 ER PT J AU Waterhouse, JS Langley, B Weldon, PJ AF Waterhouse, John S. Langley, Bridget Weldon, Paul J. TI Volatile Components in Dorsal Gland Secretions of the Chacoan Peccary, Catagonus wagneri SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Chacoan Peccary; Catagonus wagneri; Dorsal Gland AB The dorsal gland secretions of captive-reared male and female Chacoan peccaries (Catagonus wagneri) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, C(8)-C(19) carboxylic acids, squalene, cholesterol, cholestanol, and cholest-7-en-3-ol were present in both males and females. Heptylbenzene, C(14)-C(19) aldehydes were observed in females. The composition of the dorsal gland secretions of C. wagneri is compared to what has been reported for other peccaries (Tayassu spp.). C1 [Waterhouse, John S.; Langley, Bridget] Anglia Ruskin Univ, Environm Sci Res Ctr, Cambridge CB1 1PT, England. [Weldon, Paul J.] Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Waterhouse, JS (reprint author), Anglia Ruskin Univ, Environm Sci Res Ctr, East Rd, Cambridge CB1 1PT, England. EM j.s.waterhouse@anglia.ac.uk NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, 72016 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 63 IS 9-10 BP 769 EP 772 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 369PL UT WOS:000260706300024 PM 19040119 ER PT J AU Sidlauskas, BL Vari, RP AF Sidlauskas, Brian L. Vari, Richard P. TI Phylogenetic relationships within the south American fish family anostomidae (Teleostei, Ostariophysi, Characiformes) SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE Anostominae; biogeography; cladistics; headstanders; morphology; Neotropics; new genus; osteology; South America ID LABRID FISHES; THREESPINE STICKLEBACK; TOOTH REPLACEMENT; SYSTEM; RECONSTRUCTION; EVOLUTION; MIOCENE; PISCES; MORPHOSPACE; CHARACTERS AB Analysis of a morphological dataset containing 152 parsimony-informative characters yielded the first phylogenetic reconstruction spanning the South American characiform family Anostomidae. The reconstruction included 46 ingroup species representing all anostomid genera and subgenera. Outgroup comparisons included members of the sister group to the Anostomidae (the Chilodontidae) as well as members of the families Curimatidae, Characidae, Citharinidae, Distichodontidae, Hemiodontidae, Parodontidae and Prochilodontidae. The results supported a clade containing Anostomus, Gnathodolus, Pseudanos, Sartor and Synaptolaemus (the subfamily Anostominae sensu Winterbottom) albeit with a somewhat different set of relationships among the species within these genera. Anostomus as previously recognized was found to be paraphyletic and is split herein into two monophyletic components, a restricted Anostomus and the new genus Petulanos gen. nov., described herein. Laemolyta appeared as sister to the clade containing Anostomus, Gnathodolus, Petulanos, Pseudanos, Sartor and Synaptolaemus. Rhytiodus and Schizodon together formed a well-supported clade that was, in turn, sister to the clade containing Anostomus, Gnathodolus, Laemolyta, Petulanos, Pseudanos, Sartor and Synaptolaemus. Anostomoides was sister to the clade formed by these nine genera. Leporinus as currently defined was not found to be monophyletic, although certain clades within that genus were supported, including the species with subterminal mouths in the former subgenus Hypomasticus which we recognize herein as a genus. Abramites nested in Leporinus, and Leporellus was found to be the most basal anostomid genus. The presence of cis- and trans-Andean species in Abramites, Leporellus, Leporinus and Schizodon, all relatively basal genera, suggests that much of the diversification of anostomid species pre-dates the uplift of the Andean Cordilleras circa 11.8 million years ago. Several important morphological shifts in anostomid evolution are illustrated and discussed, including instances of convergence and reversal. (C) 2008 The Linnean Society of London. C1 [Sidlauskas, Brian L.] Univ Chicago, Comm Evolutionary Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Sidlauskas, Brian L.; Vari, Richard P.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Sidlauskas, BL (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Comm Evolutionary Biol, 1025 E 57th St,Culver Hall 402, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM bls16@duke.edu OI Sidlauskas, Brian/0000-0003-0597-4085 FU EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship [915987]; NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement [DEB0412364]; National Evolutionary Synthesis Center [NSF EF-0423641]; The Field Museum's Lester Armour Graduate Fellowship; Herbert R. and Evelyn Axelrod Chair in Systematic Ichthyology in the Division of Fishes of the National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; The University of Chicago's Hinds Fund; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia FX This paper benefited from the comments and criticisms of the first author's thesis advisors Barry Chernoff and Mark Westneat, thesis committee members Michael Foote, Shannon Hackett and Leigh Van Valen, and colleagues Jim Cooper, Doug Eernisse, Eric Hilton, Samantha Hopkins, Christian Kammerer, Aaron Rice, C. Tristan Stayton, Philip Willink and K. Rebecca Thomas. We are greatly indebted to the following individuals and institutions for the loan and exchange of species, information and diverse other type of assistance: John Lundberg, Mark Sabaj and Wasila Dahdul (ANSP), William Eschmeyer, David Catania and Jon Fong (CAS), Mary Anne Rogers and Kevin Swagel (FMNH), Michael Retzer (INHS), Lucia Rapp Py-Daniel and Geraldo Mendes dos Santos (INPA), Francisco Provenzano (MBUCV), Karsten Hartel (MCZ), Mario de Pinna and Osvaldo Oyakawa (MZUSP), Helmut Wellendorf (NMW), Julio Cesar Garavello (UFSC), and William Fink and Douglas Nelson (UMMZ). Drawings of osteological features were prepared by Tamara L. Clark and labelled by Sandra J. Raredon (USNM). Jennifer Jellen provided technical assistance at FMNH and Lisa F. Palmer, Jeffrey M. Clayton and in particular Sandra J. Raredon provided technical assistance at USNM. Betty Strack (FMNH) helped prepare the scanning electron micrographs, and Sandra J. Raredon (USNM) digitally edited and cleaned the micrographs. Research associated with this study was supported in part by EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship 915987, NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant #DEB0412364, the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF EF-0423641), The Field Museum's Lester Armour Graduate Fellowship, the Herbert R. and Evelyn Axelrod Chair in Systematic Ichthyology in the Division of Fishes of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, The University of Chicago's Hinds Fund and a Bohlke Award from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The Field Museum graciously provided several days of free beam time on its Zeiss LEO scanning electron microscope. NR 168 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0024-4082 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 154 IS 1 BP 70 EP 210 DI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00407.x PG 141 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 349RU UT WOS:000259301800003 ER PT J AU Olson, SL AF Olson, Storrs L. TI Falsified data associated with specimens of birds, mammals, and insects from the Veragua Archipelago, Panama, collected by J. H. Batty SO AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES LA English DT Article ID AMERICA AB The professional collector Joseph H. Batty obtained birds, mammals, and insects in Panama in 1901 and supposedly 1902, at least some of which have long been thought to have been labeled with Suspicious locality information. Examination of catalog records for birds and mammals, the labels Of hundreds of specimens of birds, and archival material provided no concrete evidence of Batty collecting anywhere in Panama except on Isla de Coiba and in the vicinity of Boquete and Boqueron in mainland Chiriqui Province. His series of birds from Coiba contains some taxa that are recognizable as endemic Subspecies from Coiba but also contains many specimens of the same species belonging to mainland subspecies in addition to species not known to occur on the island. Analysis of the types of labels used by Batty on birds proved useful for determining which Coiba specimens are the more likely to have authentic locality information. Batty's series of mammals from Coiba, upon which four new taxa were based, also probably contains mislabeled specimens. The series of birds and mammals labeled by Batty as having come from the smaller, low-lying Pacific islands of Chiriqui and Veraguas (Veragua Archipelago), with dates of 1902, contains specimens of many taxa that either are highland species or do not Occur in the only habitats likely to be present on some of the islands, or that have never been found on any island elsewhere in Panama, including the very large Isla de Coiba. The itinerary reconstructed from specimen labels as well as the number of specimens are not consistent with the realities of transportation or human capabilities. It is concluded that the specimens in this series probably came from the general area of Batty's two mainland localities in Chiriqui and that he never went to the smaller islands. Accordingly, the type locality of the porcupine Coendou rothschildi Thomas, 1902, should be altered from Isla Sevilla to the vicinity of Boqueron, Chiriqui. With very few exceptions, all of Batty's specimens with questionable locality were sold by him to the private collector Walter Rothschild and do not involve specimens that Batty provided to other museums. Another small series of birds, including some very rare ones, obtained through Batty and labeled as from Chitra., Veraguas, also have untrustworthy date and locality information. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY-SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS DISTRIBUTION, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0003-0082 EI 1937-352X J9 AM MUS NOVIT JI Am. Mus. Novit. PD AUG 28 PY 2008 IS 3620 BP 1 EP 37 DI 10.1206/592.1 PG 37 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA 344HF UT WOS:000258916800001 ER PT J AU Lamsal, LN Martin, RV van Donkelaar, A Steinbacher, M Celarier, EA Bucsela, E Dunlea, EJ Pinto, JP AF Lamsal, L. N. Martin, R. V. van Donkelaar, A. Steinbacher, M. Celarier, E. A. Bucsela, E. Dunlea, E. J. Pinto, J. P. TI Ground-level nitrogen dioxide concentrations inferred from the satellite-borne Ozone Monitoring Instrument SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHILDREN; POLLUTED URBAN-ENVIRONMENT; LUNG-FUNCTION GROWTH; PHOTOSTATIONARY STATE; AIR-POLLUTANTS; NOX EMISSIONS; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; MODEL DESCRIPTION; REGIONAL BUDGETS; NORTH-AMERICA AB We present an approach to infer ground-level nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations by applying local scaling factors from a global three-dimensional model (GEOS-Chem) to tropospheric NO2 columns retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the Aura satellite. Seasonal mean OMI surface NO2 derived from the standard tropospheric NO2 data product (Version 1.0.5, Collection 3) varies by more than two orders of magnitude (< 0.1-> 10 ppbv) over North America. Two ground-based data sets are used to validate the surface NO2 estimate and indirectly validate the OMI tropospheric NO2 retrieval: photochemical steady-state (PSS) calculations of NO2 based on in situ NO and O-3 measurements, and measurements from a commercial chemiluminescent NO2 analyzer equipped with a molybdenum converter. An interference correction algorithm for the latter is developed using laboratory and field measurements and applied using modeled concentrations of the interfering species. The OMI-derived surface NO2 mixing ratios are compared with an in situ surface NO2 data obtained from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System (AQS) and Environment Canada's National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) network for 2005 after correcting for the interference in the in situ data. The overall agreement of the OMI-derived surface NO2 with the corrected in situ measurements and PSS-NO2 is -11-36%. A larger difference in winter/spring than in summer/fall implies a seasonal bias in the OMI NO2 retrieval. The correlation between the OMI-derived surface NO2 and the ground-based measurements is significant (correlation coefficient up to 0.86) with a tendency for higher correlations in polluted areas. The satellite-derived data base of ground level NO2 concentrations could be valuable for assessing exposures of humans and vegetation to NO2, supplementing the capabilities of the ground-based networks, and evaluating air quality models and the effectiveness of air quality control strategies. C1 [Lamsal, L. N.; Martin, R. V.; van Donkelaar, A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Martin, R. V.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA USA. [Steinbacher, M.] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Swiss Fed Inst Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut Environm Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Celarier, E. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Dunlea, E. J.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Pinto, J. P.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lamsal, LN (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, James Dunn Bldg,Room 102, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM lok.lamsal@fizz.phys.dal.ca; randall.martin@dal.ca; aaron.van.donkelaar@dal.ca; martin.steinbacher@empa.ch; edward.a.celarier@nasa.gov; bucsela@ix.netcom.com; edward.dunlea@colorado.edu; pinto.joseph@epamail.epa.gov RI Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009; Lamsal, Lok/G-4781-2012; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Steinbacher, Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; FU NASA; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Comision Ambiental Metropolitana (Mexico); National Science Foundation [ATM-308748, ATM-0528170, ATM-0528227]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63980, DE-FG02-05ER63982] FX We thank Ron Cohen and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved the manuscript. We are grateful to Michel Grutter, Armando Retama, and C. R. Ramos Villegas for their DOAS and NOx monitor data for Mexico City. We thank the OMI, AQS, and NAPS teams for making the data available. This work was supported by NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. For the MCMA field campaign, the leadership of Mario and Luisa Molina and financial support from Comision Ambiental Metropolitana (Mexico), the National Science Foundation (ATM-308748, ATM-0528170, and ATM-0528227), and the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER63980 and DE-FG02-05ER63982) are gratefully acknowledged. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(tm)s (EPA) peer and administrative review policies and is approved for publication. The views expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not represent the official policies or positions of the U.S. EPA. NR 89 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 28 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D16 AR D16308 DI 10.1029/2007JD009235 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 342ZJ UT WOS:000258821800001 ER PT J AU Strigari, LE Bullock, JS Kaplinghat, M Simon, JD Geha, M Willman, B Walker, MG AF Strigari, Louis E. Bullock, James S. Kaplinghat, Manoj Simon, Joshua D. Geha, Marla Willman, Beth Walker, Matthew G. TI A common mass scale for satellite galaxies of the Milky Way SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; DARK-MATTER SUBSTRUCTURE; GALACTIC SATELLITES; UNIVERSE; HALOES; REIONIZATION; EVOLUTION; PROFILES; ORIGIN AB The Milky Way has at least twenty- three known satellite galaxies that shine with luminosities ranging from about a thousand to a billion times that of the Sun. Half of these galaxies were discovered(1,2) in the past few years in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and they are among the least luminous galaxies in the known Universe. A determination of the mass of these galaxies provides a test of galaxy formation at the smallest scales(3,4) and probes the nature of the dark matter that dominates the mass density of the Universe(5). Here we use new measurements of the velocities of the stars in these galaxies(6,7) to show that they are consistent with them having a common mass of about 10(7) M. within their central 300 parsecs. This result demonstrates that the faintest of the Milky Way satellites are the most dark- matter- dominated galaxies known, and could be a hint of a new scale in galaxy formation or a characteristic scale for the clustering of dark matter. C1 [Strigari, Louis E.; Bullock, James S.; Kaplinghat, Manoj] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Bullock, James S.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Geha, Marla] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Willman, Beth] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Walker, Matthew G.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Strigari, LE (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM lstrigar@uci.edu RI Walker, Matthew/P-1777-2014; Bullock, James/K-1928-2015; OI Walker, Matthew/0000-0003-2496-1925; Bullock, James/0000-0003-4298-5082; Strigari, Louis/0000-0001-5672-6079 NR 31 TC 309 Z9 310 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 28 PY 2008 VL 454 IS 7208 BP 1096 EP 1097 DI 10.1038/nature07222 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 341MW UT WOS:000258719600032 PM 18756252 ER PT J AU Fiske, IJ Bruna, EM Bolker, BM AF Fiske, Ian J. Bruna, Emilio M. Bolker, Benjamin M. TI Effects of Sample Size on Estimates of Population Growth Rates Calculated with Matrix Models SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Matrix models are widely used to study the dynamics and demography of populations. An important but overlooked issue is how the number of individuals sampled influences estimates of the population growth rate (lambda) calculated with matrix models. Even unbiased estimates of vital rates do not ensure unbiased estimates of lambda-Jensen's Inequality implies that even when the estimates of the vital rates are accurate, small sample sizes lead to biased estimates of l due to increased sampling variance. We investigated if sampling variability and the distribution of sampling effort among size classes lead to biases in estimates of lambda. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using data from a long-term field study of plant demography, we simulated the effects of sampling variance by drawing vital rates and calculating lambda for increasingly larger populations drawn from a total population of 3842 plants. We then compared these estimates of lambda with those based on the entire population and calculated the resulting bias. Finally, we conducted a review of the literature to determine the sample sizes typically used when parameterizing matrix models used to study plant demography. Conclusions/Significance: We found significant bias at small sample sizes when survival was low (survival = 0.5), and that sampling with a more-realistic inverse J-shaped population structure exacerbated this bias. However our simulations also demonstrate that these biases rapidly become negligible with increasing sample sizes or as survival increases. For many of the sample sizes used in demographic studies, matrix models are probably robust to the biases resulting from sampling variance of vital rates. However, this conclusion may depend on the structure of populations or the distribution of sampling effort in ways that are unexplored. We suggest more intensive sampling of populations when individual survival is low and greater sampling of stages with high elasticities. C1 [Fiske, Ian J.; Bruna, Emilio M.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bruna, Emilio M.] Univ Florida, Ctr Latin American Stud, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bruna, Emilio M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Inst Nacl Pesquisas Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Bolker, Benjamin M.] Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Fiske, IJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ianfiske@gmail.com RI Bruna, Emilio/H-2769-2012 OI Bruna, Emilio/0000-0003-3381-8477 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0309819, INT 98-06351]; University of Florida FX Financial support for collecting demographic data was provided by the National Science Foundation (award numbers DEB-0309819 and INT 98-06351) and the University of Florida. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 28 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 8 AR e3080 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003080 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 427RO UT WOS:000264796600002 PM 18769483 ER PT J AU Kharchenko, V Bhardwaj, A Dalgarno, A Schultz, DR Stancil, PC AF Kharchenko, V. Bhardwaj, Anil Dalgarno, A. Schultz, D. R. Stancil, P. C. TI Modeling spectra of the north and south Jovian X-ray auroras SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID XMM-NEWTON; ENERGETIC OXYGEN; JUPITER; EMISSION; IONS; PRECIPITATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; COMETS AB Spectra of Jovian X-ray auroras observed from the North and South poles with the Chandra X-ray telescope are analyzed and compared with predicted spectra of the charge-exchange mechanism. To determine the theoretical spectra of Jovian X-ray auroras, we model numerically the collisionally induced evolution of energy and charge distributions of O(q+) and S(q+) ions, precipitating into the Jovian atmosphere. Monte Carlo simulations of the energy and charge relaxation of the precipitating ions are carried out with updated cross-sections of the ion stripping, electron capture, and gas-ionization collisions. X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) spectra of cascading radiation induced by individual energetic sulfur and oxygen ions are calculated, and relative intensities of X-ray emission lines are determined. Synthetic spectra of X-ray and EUV photons are computed at different initial kinetic energies and compositions of ion-precipitating fluxes. Theoretical spectra with adjustable initial energies and relative fraction of sulfur and oxygen ions are shown to be in good agreement with the spectra of X rays detected from the South and North polar regions. The abundances and initial energies of the precipitating ions are inferred by comparing synthetic and observed X-ray spectra. Comparisons are performed independently for the North and South pole emissions. Abundances of the precipitating sulfur ions are found to be four to five times smaller than those of oxygen ions, and averaged ion energies are determined to lie between 1 and 2 MeV/amu. Slightly different ion flux compositions are found to describe the observed spectra of X-ray emission from the North and South poles. C1 [Kharchenko, V.; Dalgarno, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bhardwaj, Anil] Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 695022, Kerala, India. [Schultz, D. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stancil, P. C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Stancil, P. C.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kharchenko, V.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT USA. RP Kharchenko, V (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM vkharchenko@cfa.harvard.edu OI Bhardwaj, Anil/0000-0003-1693-453X FU NASA [NNH07AF121] FX This work has been supported by NASA grant NNH07AF121. A. B. acknowledges the collaboration of R. Elsner, R. Gladstone, H. Waite, P. Ford, and T. Cravens on the Chandra observation and analysis of the X-ray emission from Jupiter. [30] Wolfgang Baumjohann thanks Graziella Branduardi-Raymont and George Gladstone for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 27 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A8 AR A08229 DI 10.1029/2008JA013062 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 343AM UT WOS:000258824700003 ER PT J AU Badgley, C Barry, JC Morgan, ME Nelson, SV Behrensmeyer, AK Cerling, TE Pilbeam, D AF Badgley, Catherine Barry, John C. Morgan, Michele E. Nelson, Sherry V. Behrensmeyer, Anna K. Cerling, Thure E. Pilbeam, David TI Ecological changes in Miocene mammalian record show impact of prolonged climatic forcing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE faunal turnover; isotope ecology; mammals; paleocommunities; flood plain paleoecology ID NORTHERN PAKISTAN; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SIWALIK-GROUP; EVOLUTION; TEETH; ENVIRONMENTS; PALEOSOLS; GRADIENTS; EXPANSION; PLATEAU AB Geohistorical records reveal the long-term impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure. A 5-myr record of mammalian faunas from floodplain ecosystems of South Asia shows substantial change in species richness and ecological structure in relation to vegetation change as documented by stable isotopes of C and 0 from paleosols. Between 8.5 and 6.0 Mal, C-4 savannah replaced C-3 forest and woodland. Isotopic historical trends for 27 mammalian herbivore species, in combination with ecomorphological data from teeth, show three patterns of response. Most forest frugivores and browsers maintained their dietary habits and disappeared. Other herbivores altered their dietary habits to include increasing amounts of C4 plants and persisted for >1 myr during the vegetation transition. The few lineages that persisted through the vegetation transition show isotopic enrichment of delta C-13 values over time. These results are evidence for long-term climatic forcing of vegetation structure and mammalian ecological diversity at the subcontinental scale. C1 [Badgley, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Museum Paleontol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Badgley, Catherine] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Barry, John C.; Morgan, Michele E.; Pilbeam, David] Harvard Univ, Peabody Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nelson, Sherry V.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Anthropol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Behrensmeyer, Anna K.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Evolut Terr Ecosyst Program, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Cerling, Thure E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Badgley, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Museum Paleontol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cbadgley@umich.edu; cerling@earth.utah.edu RI Self, Casey/B-6871-2011 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0125663] FX We thank our colleagues at the Geological Survey of Pakistan for ongoing support and collaboration, Larry Flynn for information about rodent taxonomy and biostratigraphy, Paul Koch for advice about isotope ecology, and Andrew Hill and Mikael Fortelius for reviews. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant EAR-0125663. NR 34 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 29 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 26 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 34 BP 12145 EP 12149 DI 10.1073/pnas.0805592105 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 344DJ UT WOS:000258905700011 PM 18711123 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE Arnaud, PH AF Woodley, Norman E. Arnaud, Paul H., Jr. TI Eulobomyia, a new replacement name for Lobomyia Woodley & Arnaud (Diptera : Tachinidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Letter C1 [Woodley, Norman E.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Arnaud, Paul H., Jr.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Entomol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Smithsonian Inst NHB-168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM norman.woodley@ars.usda.gov; parnaud@calacademy.org RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 25 PY 2008 IS 1856 BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 340JF UT WOS:000258641200006 ER PT J AU Kano, R Sakao, T Narukage, N Tsuneta, S Kotoku, J Bando, T DeLuca, E Lundquist, L Golub, L Hara, H Matsuzaki, K Shimojo, M Shibasaki, K Shimizu, T Nakatani, I AF Kano, Ryouhei Sakao, Taro Narukage, Noriyuki Tsuneta, Saku Kotoku, Jun'ichi Bando, Takamasa DeLuca, Edward Lundquist, Loraine Golub, Leon Hara, Hirohisa Matsuzaki, Keiichi Shimojo, Masumi Shibasaki, Kiyoto Shimizu, Toshifumi Nakatani, Ichiro TI Vertical Temperature Structures of the Solar Corona Derived with the Hinode X-Ray Telescope SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID QUIET CORONA; LINE RATIOS; DENSITY; HOLES; STREAMERS; MISSION; PLASMA; FILTER; XRT; SXT AB We obtained temperature structures in faint coronal features above and near the solar limb with the X-Ray Telescope aboard the Hinode satellite by accurately correcting the scattered X-rays from surrounding bright regions with occulted images during the solar eclipses. Our analysis yields a polar coronal hole temperature of about 1.0 MK and an emission measure in the range of 10(25.5)-10(26.0) cm(-5). In addition, our methods allow us to measure the temperature and emission measure of two distinct quiet-Sun structures: radial (plume-like) structures near the boundary of the coronal-hole and diffuse quiet Sun regions at mid-latitudes. The radial structures appear to have increasing temperature with height during the first 100 Mm, and constant temperatures above 100 Mm. For the diffuse quiet-Sun region the temperatures are the highest just above the limb, and appear to decrease with height. These differences may be due to different magnetic configurations. C1 [Kano, Ryouhei; Tsuneta, Saku; Kotoku, Jun'ichi; Bando, Takamasa; Hara, Hirohisa] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Sakao, Taro; Narukage, Noriyuki; Matsuzaki, Keiichi; Shimizu, Toshifumi; Nakatani, Ichiro] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [DeLuca, Edward; Lundquist, Loraine; Golub, Leon] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shimojo, Masumi; Shibasaki, Kiyoto] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Solar Radio Observ, Minamimaki, Nagano 3841305, Japan. RP Kano, R (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM ryouhei.kano@nao.ac.jp RI DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013; Shimojo, Masumi/J-2605-2016; OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895; Shimojo, Masumi/0000-0002-2350-3749; Golub, Leon/0000-0001-9638-3082 FU JAXA; NAOJ (Japan); STFC (UK); NASA; ESA; NSC (Norway) FX We would like to thank Mitsuru Soma for calculating the trajectories of the Moon, which were seen from the Hinode satellite relative to the Sun. We also would like to thank the MLSO instrument teams for the excellent data provided to the solar physics community. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as a domestic partner, NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode mission is conducted by the Hinode science team organized at ISAS/JAXA. This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner countries. Support for the post-launch operation is provided by JAXA and NAOJ (Japan), STFC (UK), NASA, ESA, and NSC (Norway). NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD AUG 25 PY 2008 VL 60 IS 4 BP 827 EP 834 DI 10.1093/pasj/60.4.827 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 377BE UT WOS:000261225900016 ER PT J AU Rattenborg, NC Voirin, B Vyssotski, AL Kays, RW Spoelstra, K Kuemmeth, F Heidrich, W Wikelski, M AF Rattenborg, Niels C. Voirin, Bryson Vyssotski, Alexei L. Kays, Roland W. Spoelstra, Kamiel Kuemmeth, Franz Heidrich, Wolfgang Wikelski, Martin TI Sleeping outside the box: electroencephalographic measures of sleep in sloths inhabiting a rainforest SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE non-rapid eye movement sleep; rapid eye movement sleep; sloth; electroencephalogram; captivity ID MAMMALIAN SLEEP; 3-TOED SLOTHS; PHYSIOLOGY AB The functions of sleep remain an unresolved question in biology. One approach to revealing sleep's purpose is to identify traits that explain why some species sleep more than others. Recent comparative studies of sleep have identified relationships between various physiological, neuroanatomical and ecological traits, and the time mammals spend in rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep. However, owing to technological constraints, these studies were based exclusively on animals in captivity. Consequently, it is unclear to what extent the unnatural laboratory environment affected time spent sleeping, and thereby the identification and interpretation of informative clues to the functions of sleep. We performed the first electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings of sleep on unrestricted animals in the wild using a recently developed miniaturized EEG recorder, and found that brown-throated three-toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus) inhabiting the canopy of a tropical rainforest only sleep 9.63 h d(-1), over 6 h less than previously reported in captivity. Although the influence of factors such as the age of the animals studied cannot be ruled out, our results suggest that sleep in the wild may be markedly different from that in captivity. Additional studies of various species are thus needed to determine whether the relationships between sleep duration and various traits identified in captivity are fundamentally different in the wild. Our initial study of sloths demonstrates the feasibility of this endeavour, and thereby opens the door to comparative studies of sleep occurring within the ecological context within which it evolved. C1 [Rattenborg, Niels C.] Max Planck Inst Ornithol Seewiesen, Sleep & Flight Grp, D-82305 Starnberg, Germany. [Voirin, Bryson] Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Vyssotski, Alexei L.] Univ Zurich, Inst Anat, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kays, Roland W.] New York State Museum & Sci Serv, Albany, NY 12230 USA. [Spoelstra, Kamiel; Wikelski, Martin] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kuemmeth, Franz; Heidrich, Wolfgang] e obs Digital Telemetry, Munich, Germany. [Kays, Roland W.; Wikelski, Martin] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Rattenborg, NC (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Ornithol Seewiesen, Sleep & Flight Grp, Eberhard Gwinner Str, D-82305 Starnberg, Germany. EM rattenborg@orn.mpg.de RI Spoelstra, Kamiel/B-4222-2015 OI Spoelstra, Kamiel/0000-0001-8614-4387 NR 17 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 402 EP 405 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0203 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 322TR UT WOS:000257398700024 PM 18482903 ER PT J AU Kolbe, JJ Larson, A Losos, JB de Queiroz, K AF Kolbe, Jason J. Larson, Allan Losos, Jonathan B. de Queiroz, Kevin TI Admixture determines genetic diversity and population differentiation in the biological invasion of a lizard species SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE introduced species; microsatellite; mitochondrial DNA; multiple native-range sources ID SOFTWARE AB Molecular genetic analyses show that introduced populations undergoing biological invasions often bring together individuals from genetically disparate native-range source populations, which can elevate genotypic variation if these individuals interbreed. Differential admixture among multiple native-range sources explains mitochondrial haplotypic diversity within and differentiation among invasive populations of the lizard Anolis sagrei. Our examination of microsatellite variation supports the hypothesis that lizards from disparate native-range sources, identified using mtDNA haplotypes, form genetically admixed introduced populations. Furthermore, within-population genotypic diversity increases with the number of sources and among-population genotypic differentiation reflects disparity in their native-range sources. If adaptive genetic variation is similarly restructured, then the ability of invasive species to adapt to new conditions may be enhanced. C1 [Kolbe, Jason J.; Larson, Allan] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Losos, Jonathan B.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [de Queiroz, Kevin] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kolbe, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, 3101 Valley Life Sci Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kolbe@berkeley.edu NR 21 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 434 EP 437 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0205 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 322TR UT WOS:000257398700032 PM 18492644 ER PT J AU Bellemain, E Bermingham, E Ricklefs, RE AF Bellemain, Eva Bermingham, Eldredge Ricklefs, Robert E. TI The dynamic evolutionary history of the bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) in the Caribbean revealed by a multigene analysis SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; WEST-INDIES; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; GENE TREES; INCONGRUENCE; DIVERSITY; ORIGIN; BIRDS; PASSERIFORMES; COLONIZATION AB Background: The bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) is a small nectivorous and frugivorous emberizine bird (order Passeriformes) that is an abundant resident throughout the Caribbean region. We used multi-gene analyses to investigate the evolutionary history of this species throughout its distribution in the West Indies and in South and Middle America. We sequenced six mitochondrial genes (3744 base pairs) and three nuclear genes (2049 base pairs) for forty-four bananaquits and three outgroup species. We infer the ancestral area of the present-day bananaquit populations, report on the species' phylogenetic, biogeographic and evolutionary history, and propose scenarios for its diversification and range expansion. Results: Phylogenetic concordance between mitochondrial and nuclear genes at the base of the bananaquit phylogeny supported a West Indian origin for continental populations. Multi-gene analysis showing genetic remnants of successive colonization events in the Lesser Antilles reinforced earlier research demonstrating that bananaquits alternate periods of invasiveness and colonization with biogeographic quiescence. Although nuclear genes provided insufficient information at the tips of the tree to further evaluate relationships of closely allied but strongly supported mitochondrial DNA clades, the discrepancy between mitochondrial and nuclear data in the population of Dominican Republic suggested that the mitochondrial genome was recently acquired by introgression from Jamaica. Conclusion: This study represents one of the most complete phylogeographic analyses of its kind and reveals three patterns that are not commonly appreciated in birds: (1) island to mainland colonization, (2) multiple expansion phases, and (3) mitochondrial genome replacement. The detail revealed by this analysis will guide evolutionary analyses of populations in archipelagos such as the West Indies, which include islands varying in size, age, and geological history. Our results suggest that multi-gene phylogenies will permit improved comparative analysis of the evolutionary histories of different lineages in the same geographical setting, which provide replicated "natural experiments" for testing evolutionary hypotheses. C1 [Bellemain, Eva; Bermingham, Eldredge] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Ricklefs, Robert E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Bellemain, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apdo 2072, Balboa, Panama. EM evabellemain@gmail.com; bermingham@si.edu; ricklefs@umsl.edu RI Bellemain, Eva/B-4493-2011 FU Smithsonian Institution James Bond Restricted Endowment; National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution FX This work was conducted at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama. Eva Bellemain was supported by the Smithsonian Institution James Bond Restricted Endowment. Research by E Bermingham and RER on West Indian birds has been supported by the National Geographic Society, the National Science Foundation, and the Smithsonian Institution. We are very grateful to L. Garcia, M. Gonzalez and C. Vergara for technical support in the laboratory, to A. J. Crawford for comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript and to O. Sanjur for advice. We also thank A. T Peterson and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD AUG 22 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 240 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-8-240 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 346VN UT WOS:000259097800001 PM 18718030 ER PT J AU Drury, E Jacob, DJ Wang, J Spurr, RJD Chance, K AF Drury, Easan Jacob, Daniel J. Wang, Jun Spurr, Robert J. D. Chance, Kelly TI Improved algorithm for MODIS satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depths over western North America SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AERONET; VISIBILITY; DUST; LAND AB Quantitative evaluation of chemical transport models (CTMs) with aerosol optical depth (AOD) products retrieved from satellite backscattered reflectances can be compromised by inconsistent assumptions of aerosol optical properties and errors in surface reflectance estimates. We present an improved AOD retrieval algorithm for the MODIS satellite instrument using locally derived surface reflectances and CTM aerosol optical properties for the 0.47, 0.65, and 2.13 mu m MODIS channels. Assuming negligible atmospheric reflectance at 2.13 mu m in cloud-free conditions, we derive 0.65/2.13 surface reflectance ratios at 1 degrees x 1.25 degrees horizontal resolution for the continental United States in summer 2004 from the subset of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance data with minimal aerosol reflectance. We obtain a mean ratio of 0.57 +/- 0.10 for the continental United States, with high values over arid regions and low values over the Midwest prairies. The higher surface reflectance ratios explain the high AOD bias over arid regions found in previous MODIS retrievals. We calculate TOA reflectances for each MODIS scene using local aerosol optical properties from the GEOS-Chem CTM, and fit these reflectances to the observed MODIS TOA reflectances for a best estimate of AODs for that scene. Comparison with coincident ground-based (AERONET) AOD observations at 16 sites in the western and central United States in summer 2004 shows poor correlation in the daily data but the correlation improves as averaging time increases. Averaging over the available coincident observations (n = 11-44 days) results in strong correlations (R-0.47 mu m = 0.90, R-0.65 mu m = 0.67) and a 19% low bias, representing considerable improvement over the operational MODIS AOD products in this region. C1 [Drury, Easan; Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wang, Jun] Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Spurr, Robert J. D.] RT Solut Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chance, Kelly] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Drury, E (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM drury@fas.harvard.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008; OI Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 34 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 21 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D16 AR D16204 DI 10.1029/2007JD009573 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 340LG UT WOS:000258646500003 ER PT J AU Kumar, P Narayan, R Johnson, JL AF Kumar, Pawan Narayan, Ramesh Johnson, Jarrett L. TI Mass fall-back and accretion in the central engine of gamma-ray bursts SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; gamma-rays : bursts ID ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; SWIFT XRT DATA; BLACK-HOLES; AFTERGLOW EMISSION; LIGHT-CURVE; FLOWS; SUPERNOVA; MODELS; DISKS; CONVECTION AB We calculate the rate of in-fall of stellar matter on an accretion disc during the collapse of a rapidly rotating massive star and estimate the luminosity of the relativistic jet that results from accretion on to the central black hole. We find that the jet luminosity remains high for about 10(2) s, at a level comparable to the typical luminosity observed in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The luminosity then decreases rapidly with time for about similar to 10(3) s, roughly as similar to t(-3); the duration depends on the size and rotation speed of the stellar core. The rapid decrease of the jet power explains the steeply declining X-ray flux observed at the end of most long-duration GRBs. Observations with the Swift satellite show that, following the steep decline, many GRBs exhibit a plateau in the X-ray light curve (XLC) that lasts for about 10(4) s. We suggest that this puzzling feature is due to continued accretion in the central engine. A plateau in the jet luminosity can arise when the viscosity parameter alpha is small, similar to 10(-2) or less. A plateau is also produced by continued fall-back of matter - either from an extended stellar envelope or from material that failed to escape with the supernova ejecta. In a few GRBs, the XLC is observed to drop suddenly at the end of the plateau phase, while in others the XLC declines more slowly as similar to t(-1) - t(-2). These features arise naturally in the accretion model depending on the radius and mean specific angular momentum of the stellar envelope. The total energy in the disc-wind accompanying accretion is found to be about 10(52) erg. This is comparable to the energy observed in supernovae associated with GRBs, suggesting that the wind might be the primary agent responsible for the explosion. The accretion model thus provides a coherent explanation for the diverse and puzzling features observed in the early XLC of GRBs. It might be possible to use this model to invert gamma-ray and X-ray observations of GRBs and thereby infer basic properties of the core and envelope of the GRB progenitor star. C1 [Kumar, Pawan; Johnson, Jarrett L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Narayan, Ramesh] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kumar, P (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, RLM 15308, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM pk@astro.as.utexas.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 62 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2008 VL 388 IS 4 BP 1729 EP 1742 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13493.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 334LH UT WOS:000258222800020 ER PT J AU Miller-Jones, JCA Gallo, E Rupen, MP Mioduszewski, AJ Brisken, W Fender, RP Jonker, PG Maccarone, TJ AF Miller-Jones, J. C. A. Gallo, E. Rupen, M. P. Mioduszewski, A. J. Brisken, W. Fender, R. P. Jonker, P. G. Maccarone, T. J. TI Zooming in on a sleeping giant: milliarcsecond High Sensitivity Array imaging of the black hole binary V404 Cyg in quiescence SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE astrometry; stars : individual : V404 Cyg; ISM : jets and outflows; radio continuum : stars; X-rays : binaries ID X-RAY BINARIES; RS CVN BINARIES; OPTICAL VARIABILITY; RADIO-EMISSION; LOW/HARD STATE; ACCRETION DISC; GS 2023+338; JETS; MASS; XTE-J1118+480 AB Observations of the black hole X-ray binary V404 Cyg with the very long baseline interferometer the High Sensitivity Array (HSA) have detected the source at a frequency of 8.4 GHz, providing a source position accurate to 0.3 mas relative to the calibrator source. The observations put an upper limit of 1.3 mas on the source size (5.2 au at 4 kpc) and a lower limit of 7 x 10(6) K on its brightness temperature during the normal quiescent state, implying that the radio emission must be non-thermal, most probably synchrotron radiation, possibly from a jet. The radio light curves show a short flare, with a rise time of similar to 30 min, confirming that the source remains active in the quiescent state. C1 [Miller-Jones, J. C. A.; Brisken, W.] NRAO Headquarters, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Gallo, E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Rupen, M. P.; Mioduszewski, A. J.] NRAO, Array Operat Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Fender, R. P.; Maccarone, T. J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Fender, R. P.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Jonker, P. G.] Netherlands Inst Space Res, SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Jonker, P. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jonker, P. G.] Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Miller-Jones, JCA (reprint author), NRAO Headquarters, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM jmiller@nrao.edu RI Miller-Jones, James/B-2411-2013 OI Miller-Jones, James/0000-0003-3124-2814 NR 61 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2008 VL 388 IS 4 BP 1751 EP 1758 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13495.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 334LH UT WOS:000258222800022 ER PT J AU Padin, S Staniszewski, Z Keisler, R Joy, M Stark, AA Ade, PAR Aird, KA Benson, BA Bleem, LE Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Crawford, TM Crites, AT Dobbs, MA Halverson, NW Heimsath, S Hills, RE Holzapfel, WL Lawrie, C Lee, AT Leitch, EM Leong, J Lu, W Lueker, M McMahon, JJ Meyer, SS Mohr, JJ Montroy, TE Plagge, T Pryke, C Ruhl, JE Schaffer, KK Shirokoff, E Spieler, HG Vieira, JD AF Padin, S. Staniszewski, Z. Keisler, R. Joy, M. Stark, A. A. Ade, P. A. R. Aird, K. A. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Dobbs, M. A. Halverson, N. W. Heimsath, S. Hills, R. E. Holzapfel, W. L. Lawrie, C. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Leong, J. Lu, W. Lueker, M. McMahon, J. J. Meyer, S. S. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Ruhl, J. E. Schaffer, K. K. Shirokoff, E. Spieler, H. G. Vieira, J. D. TI South Pole Telescope optics SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTOR; ANTENNAS AB The South Pole Telescope is a 10 m diameter, wide-field, offset Gregorian telescope with a 966-pixel, millimeter-wave, bolometer array receiver. The telescope has an unusual optical system with a cold stop around the secondary. The design emphasizes low scattering and low background loading. All the optical components except the primary are cold, and the entire beam from prime focus to the detectors is surrounded by cold absorber. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Padin, S.; Keisler, R.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Leitch, E. M.; McMahon, J. J.; Meyer, S. S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Padin, S.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Meyer, S. S.; Pryke, C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Staniszewski, Z.; Lawrie, C.; Leong, J.; Lu, W.; Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Keisler, R.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Meyer, S. S.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Joy, M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, VP62, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Stark, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, England. [Aird, K. A.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Plagge, T.; Shirokoff, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; McMahon, J. J.; Meyer, S. S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dobbs, M. A.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hills, R. E.] Atacama Large Millimeter Array, Santiago, Chile. [Mohr, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mohr, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Spieler, H. G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Padin, S (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM spadin@uchicago.edu RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; OI Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996 FU National Science Foundation [OPP-0130612] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant OPP-0130612. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 24 BP 4418 EP 4428 DI 10.1364/AO.47.004418 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 347GI UT WOS:000259128200016 PM 18716649 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, S Mckee, CF AF Chakrabarti, Sukanya Mckee, Christopher F. TI Far-infrared spectral energy distributions and photometric redshifts of dusty galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : formation; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies; radiative transfer; stars : formation ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LUMINOUS GALAXIES; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MILKY-WAY; ARP 220; BRIGHT; EMISSION; NUCLEI AB We infer the large-scale source parameters of dusty galaxies from their observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) using the analytic radiative transfer methodology presented by Chakrabarti and McKee. For local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), we show that the millimeter to far-infrared (FIR) SEDs can be well fit using the standard dust opacity index of 2 when self-consistent radiative transfer solutions are employed, indicating that the cold dust in local ULIRGs can be described by a single-grain model. We develop a method for determining photometric redshifts of ULIRGs and submillimeter galaxies from the millimeter-FIR SED; the resulting value of 1 + z is typically accurate to about 10%. As such, it is comparable to the accuracy of near-IR photometric redshifts and provides a complementary means of deriving redshifts from far-IR data, such as those from the upcoming Herschel Space Observatory. Since our analytic radiative transfer solution is developed for homogeneous, spherically symmetric, centrally heated, dusty sources, it is relevant for infrared bright galaxies that are primarily powered by compact sources of luminosity that are embedded in a dusty envelope. We discuss how deviations from spherical symmetry may affect the applicability of our solution, and we contrast our self-consistent analytic solution with standard approximations to demonstrate the main differences. C1 [Chakrabarti, Sukanya] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mckee, Christopher F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys & Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chakrabarti, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM schakrabarti@cfa.harvard.edu; cmckee@astro.berkeley.edu NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 2 BP 693 EP 706 DI 10.1086/589637 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338SD UT WOS:000258528100009 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, JK Johnstone, D Kirk, H Myers, PC Allen, LE Shirley, YL AF Jorgensen, Jes K. Johnstone, Doug Kirk, Helen Myers, Philip C. Allen, Lori E. Shirley, Yancy L. TI Current star formation in the Ophiuchus and Perseus molecular clouds: Constraints and comparisons from unbiased submillimeter and mid-infrared surveys. II SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : evolution; ISM : individual (Ophiuchus, Perseus); stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence ID SPITZER C2D SURVEY; LOW-MASS STAR; DUST CONTINUUM EMISSION; YOUNG CLUSTER IC-348; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPES; EMBEDDED CLUSTERS; FORMING REGIONS; SURFACE-DENSITY; BOLOCAM SURVEY AB We present a census of the population of deeply embedded young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud complex based on a combination of Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared data from the "Cores to Disks'' (c2d) legacy team and JCMT/SCUBA submillimeter maps from the COMPLETE team. We have applied a method developed for identifying embedded protostars in Perseus to these data sets and in this way construct a relatively unbiased sample of 27 candidate embedded protostars with envelopes more massive than our sensitivity limit ( about 0.1 M-circle dot). As in Perseus, the mid-infrared sources are located close to the center of the SCUBA cores and the narrowness of the spatial distribution of mid-infrared sources around the peaks of the SCUBA cores suggests that no significant dispersion of the newly formed YSOs has occurred. Embedded YSOs are found in 35% of the SCUBA cores - fewer than in Perseus (58%). On the other hand the mid-infrared sources in Ophiuchus have less red mid-infrared colors, possibly indicating that they are less embedded. We apply a nearest neighbor surface density algorithm to define the substructure in each of the clouds and calculate characteristic numbers for each subregion - including masses, star formation efficiencies, fraction of embedded sources, etc. Generally the main clusters in Ophiuchus and Perseus (L1688, NGC 1333, and IC 348) are found to have higher star formation efficiencies than small groups such as B1, L1455, and L1448, which on the other hand are completely dominated by deeply embedded protostars. We discuss possible explanations for the differences between the regions in Perseus and Ophiuchus, such as different evolutionary timescales for the YSOs or differences, e. g., in the accretion in the two clouds. C1 [Jorgensen, Jes K.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Jorgensen, Jes K.; Myers, Philip C.; Allen, Lori E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Johnstone, Doug; Kirk, Helen] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Johnstone, Doug; Kirk, Helen] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada. RP Jorgensen, JK (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, Auf Hugel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM jes@astro.uni-bonn.de OI Johnstone, Doug/0000-0002-6773-459X NR 61 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 2 BP 822 EP 843 DI 10.1086/589956 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338SD UT WOS:000258528100018 ER PT J AU Chen, XP Launhardt, R Bourke, TL Henning, T Barnes, PJ AF Chen, Xuepeng Launhardt, Ralf Bourke, Tyler L. Henning, Thomas Barnes, Peter J. TI ATCA and Spitzer observations of the binary protostellar systems CG 30 and BHR 71 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; ISM : globules; ISM : individual (CG 30, BHR 71); ISM : kinematics and dynamics; stars : formation ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; DARK CLOUDS; DENSE CORES; BOK GLOBULES; STAR-FORMATION; DUST EMISSION; GAS-PHASE; FRAGMENTATION; N2H+; MILLIMETER AB We present interferometric observations of the isolated, low-mass protostellar double cores CG 30 and BHR 71 in the N(2)H(+) (1-0) line and at 3 mm dust continuum, using the Australian Telescope Compact Array ( ATCA). The results are complemented by infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope. In CG 30, the 3 mm dust-continuum images resolve two compact sources with a separation of similar to 21.7 '' (similar to 8700 AU). In BHR 71, strong dust-continuum emission is detected at the position of the mid-infrared source IRS 1, while only weak emission is detected from the secondary mid-infrared source IRS 2. Assuming the standard gas-to-dust ratio and optically thin 3 mm dust-continuum emission, we derive hydrogen gas masses of 0.05-2.1 M(circle dot) for the four subcores. N(2)H(+) (1-0) line emission is detected in both CG 30 and BHR71. By simultaneously fitting the seven hyperfine line components of N(2)H(+), we derive the velocity fields and find symmetric velocity gradients in both sources. Estimated virial masses of the subcores range from 0.1 to 0.6 M(circle dot). Spitzer images show the mid-infrared emission from all four subcores, which is spatially associated with the 3 mm dust-continuum emission. All four sources appear to drive their own outflows, as seen in the Spitzer 4.5 mu m images. Based on the ATCA and Spitzer observations, we construct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and derive temperatures and luminosities for all cores. We suggest that the subcores in CG 30 were formed by initial fragmentation of a filamentary prestellar core, while those in BHR 71 could originate from rotational fragmentation of a single collapsing protostellar core. C1 [Chen, Xuepeng; Launhardt, Ralf; Henning, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Bourke, Tyler L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Barnes, Peter J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys A28, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Chen, XP (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM chen@mpia.de FU Commonwealth of Australia; CSIRO FX We thank the anonymous referee for many helpful comments and suggestions. The Australia Telescope Compact Array is part of the Australia Telescope, which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a national facility managed by CSIRO. We thank the ATCA staff for technical support during the observations. We also thank A. Goodman for fruitful discussions and providing the VFIT routine. NR 44 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 2 BP 862 EP 875 DI 10.1086/589939 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338SD UT WOS:000258528100020 ER PT J AU Melnick, GJ Tolls, V Neufeld, DA Yuan, Y Sonnentrucker, P Watson, DM Bergin, EA Kaufman, MJ AF Melnick, Gary J. Tolls, Volker Neufeld, David A. Yuan, Yuan Sonnentrucker, Paule Watson, Dan M. Bergin, Edwin A. Kaufman, Michael J. TI Detection of extended hot water in the outflow from NGC 2071 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : molecules; stars : formation; stars : winds; outflows ID INTERSTELLAR DUST GRAINS; ORTHO-PARA RATIO; SPITZER OBSERVATIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; SHOCK-WAVES; NGC 2071; REGIONS; VAPOR; H-2; EMISSION AB We report the results of spectroscopic mapping observations carried out toward an similar to 1 ' x 1 ' region within the northern lobe of the outflow from NGC 2071 using the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) of the Spitzer Space Telescope. These observations covered the 5.2-37 mu m spectral region and have led to the detection of a number of ionic, atomic, and molecular lines, including fine-structure emission of Si+, Fe+, S++, S, the S(0)-S(7) pure rotational lines of H-2, the R(3) and R(4) transitions of HD, and at least eleven transitions of H2O. In addition, the 6.2, 7.4, 7.6, 7.9, 8.6, and 11.3 mu m PAH emission bands were also observed and several transitions of OH were tentatively detected. Most of the detected line transitions were strong enough to map, including, for the first time, three transitions of hot H2O. We find that (1) the water emission is extended; (2) the extended emission is aligned with the outflow; and (3) the spatial distribution of the water emission generally follows that observed for H-2. Based on the measured line intensities, we derive an HD abundance relative to H-2 of (1.1-1.8) x 10(-5) and an H2O number density of 12-29 cm(-3). The H-2 density in the water-emitting region is not well constrained by our observations, but is likely between 3 x 10(4) and 10(6) cm(-3), yielding an H2O abundance relative to H-2 of between 2 x 10(-5) and 6 x 10(-4). Finally, we note a possible departure from the H2O ortho-to-para ratio of 3 : 1 expected for water formed in hot postshocked gas, suggesting that a significant fraction of the water vapor we detect may arise from H2O sputtered from cold dust grains. C1 [Melnick, Gary J.; Tolls, Volker] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Neufeld, David A.; Yuan, Yuan; Sonnentrucker, Paule] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Watson, Dan M.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Bergin, Edwin A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kaufman, Michael J.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Melnick, GJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gmelnick@cfa.harvard.edu; vtolls@cfa.harvard.edu; neufeld@pha.jhu.edu; yuanyuan@pha.jhu.edu; sonnentr@pha.jhu.edu; dmw@pas.rochester.edu; ebergin@umich.edu; mkaufman@email.sjsu.edu NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 2 BP 876 EP 892 DI 10.1086/589853 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338SD UT WOS:000258528100021 ER PT J AU Winn, JN Holman, MJ Torres, G McCullough, P Johns-Krull, C Latham, DW Shporer, A Mazeh, T Garcia-Melendo, E Foote, C Esquerdo, G Everett, M AF Winn, Joshua N. Holman, Matthew J. Torres, Guillermo McCullough, Peter Johns-Krull, Christopher Latham, David W. Shporer, Avi Mazeh, Tsevi Garcia-Melendo, Enrique Foote, Cindy Esquerdo, Gil Everett, Mark TI The transit light curve project. IX. Evidence for a smaller radius of the exoplanet XO-3b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (GSC 03727-01064, XO-3) ID STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELS; LIMB-DARKENING LAW; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; SURFACE GRAVITIES; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; Y-2 ISOCHRONES; GIANT PLANETS; HOT JUPITER; PARAMETERS; STAR AB We present photometry of 13 transits of XO-3b, a massive transiting planet on an eccentric orbit. Previous data led to two inconsistent estimates of the planetary radius. Our data strongly favor the smaller radius, with increased precision: Rp = 1.217 +/- 0.073 R-Jup. A conflict remains between the mean stellar density determined fromthe light curve, and the stellar surface gravity determined fromthe shapes of spectral lines. We argue the light curve should take precedence, and revise the system parameters accordingly. The planetary radius is about 1 sigma larger than the theoretical radius for a hydrogen-helium planet of the given mass and insolation. To help in planning future observations, we provide refined transit and occultation ephemerides. C1 [Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Holman, Matthew J.; Torres, Guillermo; Latham, David W.; Esquerdo, Gil] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McCullough, Peter] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Johns-Krull, Christopher] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Shporer, Avi; Mazeh, Tsevi] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Garcia-Melendo, Enrique] Esteve Duran Observ, Barcelona 08553, Spain. [Foote, Cindy] Vermill Cliffs Observ, Kanab, UT 84741 USA. [Everett, Mark] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Holman, MJ (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU NASA [NNG06GH69G, NNG04LG89G, 05-SSO05-86, NAG5-13130]; United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel [2006234]; Kepler mission [NCC2-1390]; Kepler mission FX We thank the anonymous referee for several insightful suggestions. We are grateful for partial support for this work from NASA Origins grants NNG06GH69G (to M. J. H.), NNG04LG89G (toG. T.), 05-SSO05-86 (to C. M. J.-K.), and NAG5-13130 ( to P. R. M.). This work was also partly supported by grant No. 2006234 from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel. KeplerCam was developed with partial support from the Kepler mission under NASA Cooperative Agreement NCC2-1390, and the KeplerCam observations described in this paper were partly supported by grants from the Kepler mission to SAO and PSI. NR 46 TC 162 Z9 162 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 2 BP 1076 EP 1084 DI 10.1086/589737 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338SD UT WOS:000258528100037 ER PT J AU Zuckerman, B Melis, C Song, I Meier, DS Perrin, MD Macintosh, B Marois, C Weinberger, AJ Rhee, JH Graham, JR Kastner, JH Palmer, P Forveille, T Becklin, EE Wilner, DJ Barman, TS Marcy, GW Bessell, MS AF Zuckerman, B. Melis, C. Song, Inseok Meier, David S. Perrin, Marshall D. Macintosh, Bruce Marois, Christian Weinberger, Alycia J. Rhee, Joseph H. Graham, James R. Kastner, Joel H. Palmer, Patrick Forveille, T. Becklin, E. E. Wilner, D. J. Barman, T. S. Marcy, G. W. Bessell, M. S. TI Gas and dust associated with the strange, isolated star BP piscium SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : general ID T-TAURI STARS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; POINT-SOURCE CATALOG; GIANT BRANCH STARS; KECK-II-TELESCOPE; POST-AGB STARS; YOUNG STARS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; BROWN DWARFS AB We have carried out a multiwavelength observational campaign demonstrating some of the remarkable properties of the infrared-bright variable star BP Psc. Surrounded by a compact dusty, gaseous disk, this little-studied late G ( or early K) type star emits about 75% of its detected energy flux at infrared wavelengths. Evidence for accretion of gas in conjunction with narrow bipolar jets and Herbig-Haro objects is apparently consistent with classification of BP Psc as a pre-main-sequence star, as postulated in most previous studies. If young, then BP Psc would be one of the nearest and oldest known classical T Tauri stars. However, such an evolutionary classification encounters various problems that are absent or much less severe if BP Psc is instead a luminosity class III post-main-sequence star. In this case, it would be the first known example of a first-ascent giant surrounded by a massive molecular disk with accompanying rapid gas accretion and prominent jets and HH objects. In this model, the genesis of the massive dusty gaseous disk could be a consequence of the envelopment of a low-mass companion star. Properties in the disk may be conducive to the current formation of planets, a gigayear or more after the formation of BP Psc itself. C1 [Zuckerman, B.; Melis, C.; Rhee, Joseph H.; Becklin, E. E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Zuckerman, B.; Becklin, E. E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Astrobiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Song, Inseok] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Meier, David S.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Perrin, Marshall D.; Graham, James R.; Marcy, G. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Macintosh, Bruce; Marois, Christian] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Weinberger, Alycia J.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Kastner, Joel H.] Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Palmer, Patrick] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Forveille, T.] Univ Grenoble 1, Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Wilner, D. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Barman, T. S.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bessell, M. S.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Inst Adv Studies, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. RP Zuckerman, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Weinberger, Alycia/0000-0001-6654-7859 FU NASA; UCLA; National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Adaptive Optics [AST 98-76783] FX We thank Emily Rice, Greg Wirth, and Ian McLean for helping to obtain the epoch 2006 NIRSPEC data and Ms. Rice for aid in their reduction. We acknowledge the efforts of Richard Webb in obtaining epoch 1996 data and thank Frank Fekel and Russel White for contributions. We are very grateful to Katia Biazzo and Antonio Frasca for important help in classifying BP Psc. We thank the referee for constructive comments, especially for a suggestion to consider gravity-dependent line ratios. This research was supported in part by NASA grants to UCLA. Portions of this work were performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and also supported in part by the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Adaptive Optics, managed by the University of California at Santa Cruz under cooperative agreement AST 98-76783. NR 77 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 2 BP 1085 EP 1103 DI 10.1086/587448 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338SD UT WOS:000258528100038 ER PT J AU Drake, JJ Ercolano, B AF Drake, Jeremy J. Ercolano, Barbara TI On the detectability of oxygen X-ray fluorescence and its use as a solar photospheric abundance diagnostic SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; Sun : abundances; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays; X-rays : stars ID NEON ABUNDANCE; SPECTRA; FLARE; LINES; PHOTOIONIZATION; HELIOSEISMOLOGY; MODELS; ATOMS; IONS; IRON AB Monte Carlo calculations of the O K alpha line fluoresced by coronal X-rays and emitted just above the temperature minimum region of the solar atmosphere have been employed to investigate the use of this feature as an abundance diagnostic. While they are quite weak, we estimate line equivalent widths in the range 0.02-0.2 angstrom, depending on the X-ray plasma temperature. The line remains essentially uncontaminated by blends for coronal temperatures T <= 3; 10(6) K and should be quite observable, with a flux greater than or similar to 2 photons s(-1) arcmin (-2). Model calculations for solar chemical mixtures with an O abundance adjusted up and down by a factor of 2 indicate 35%-60% changes in O K alpha line equivalent width, providing a potentially useful O abundance diagnostic. Sensitivity of equivalent width to differences between recently recommended chemical compositions with "high'' and "low'' complements of the CNO trio important for interpreting helioseismological observations is less acute, amounting to 20%-26% at coronal temperatures T <= 2 x 10(6) K. While still feasible for discriminating between these two mixtures, uncertainties in measured line equivalent widths and in the models used for interpretation would need to be significantly less than 20%. Provided a sensitive X-ray spectrometer with resolving power >= 1000 and suitably well- behaved instrumental profile can be built, X-ray fluorescence presents a viable means for resolving the solar "oxygen crisis''. C1 [Drake, Jeremy J.; Ercolano, Barbara] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Drake, JJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, MS-3,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jdrake@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA AISRP; NASA [NAS8-39073]; Chandra [GO6-7008X, GO6-7098X] FX We thank the NASA AISRP for providing financial assistance for the development of the PINTofALE package. J. J. D. was funded by NASA contract NAS8-39073 to the Chandra X-ray Center during the course of this research and thanks the director, H. Tananbaum, for continuing support and encouragement. B. E. was supported by Chandra grants GO6-7008X and GO6-7098X. Finally, we thank the anonymous referee for comments that helped us clarify the manuscript. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 2 BP 1129 EP 1133 DI 10.1086/588008 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338SD UT WOS:000258528100041 ER PT J AU Ko, YK Li, J Riley, P Raymond, JC AF Ko, Yuan-Kuen Li, Jing Riley, Pete Raymond, John C. TI Large-scale coronal density and abundance structures and their association with magnetic field structure SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; sun : abundances; sun : corona; sun : UV radiation ID EJECTION CURRENT SHEET; SOLAR-WIND; ACTIVE-REGION; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; TRANSITION REGION; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SPECTROMETER; VELOCITY; SPECTRA AB We construct subsynoptic maps of the ultraviolet-line fluxes, electron density, and elemental abundances for an east limb corona at 1.63 solar radii from 2000 September 20 to October 1. The data, covering position angles of 85 degrees-126 degrees, were taken from the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and the maps are based on the variation of these parameters along the field of view of the UVCS slit. Combining these maps with the limb synoptic maps made from SOHO Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope, SOHO Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph, and Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope observations provides a large-scale, distinct view of the contrast between different coronal structures in different physical properties and their relation to the underlying disk and magnetic field structures. During this time period, the east limb corona mainly consisted of three streamers and two dark areas that exhibited very different plasma properties. We construct a three-dimensional MHD coronal model that incorporates energy transport processes, and compare the large-scale coronal properties of the model with those of the observation. The comparison investigates areas of different abundances and densities, and their possible association with open and closed magnetic field structures. We find a good indication that the open field regions, which we believe to be the slow-wind source regions in this case, have lower coronal density and higher abundance values than the closed field regions. This is true for absolute abundance, and probably also for the FIP bias. Therefore, such synoptic maps can be very useful for identifying solar wind source regions. C1 [Ko, Yuan-Kuen; Raymond, John C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Li, Jing] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Riley, Pete] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Ko, YK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NASA [NNX07AL72G] FX Y.-K. K. would like to thank J. Linker for valuable discussions. This project is supported by NASA grant NNX07AL72G. SOHO is a joint mission of the European Space Agency and NASA. Although not presented in this paper, we acknowledge the use of the MAS model results provided by the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) at the Goddard Space Flight Center through their public Runs-on-Request system (http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/). The CCMC is a multiagency partnership between NASA, AFMC, AFOSR, AFRL, AFWA, NOAA, NSF, and ONR. The MAS Model was developed by J. Linker, Z. Mikic, R. Lionello, and P. Riley at the Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), San Diego, California. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 2 BP 1168 EP 1179 DI 10.1086/589873 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338SD UT WOS:000258528100045 ER PT J AU Grigis, PC Benz, AO AF Grigis, P. C. Benz, A. O. TI Spectral hardening in large solar flares SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID X-RAY FLARES; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; EVOLUTION; EVENTS; ELECTRONS; EMISSION; BURSTS AB Observations by the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) are used to quantitatively study the hard X-ray evolution in five large solar flares selected for spectral hardening in the course of the event. The X-ray bremsstrahlung emission from nonthermal electrons is characterized by two spectroscopically distinct phases: impulsive and gradual. The impulsive phase usually consists of several emission spikes following a soft-hard-soft spectral pattern, whereas the gradual stage manifests itself as spectral hardening while the flux slowly decreases. Both the soft-hard-soft ( impulsive) phase and the hardening ( gradual) phase are well described by piecewise linear dependence of the photon spectral index on the logarithm of the hard X-ray flux. The different linear parts of this relation correspond to different rise and decay phases of emission spikes. The temporal evolution of the spectra is compared with the configuration and motion of the hard X-ray sources in RHESSI images. These observations reveal that the two stages of electron acceleration causing these two different behaviors are closely related in space and time. The transition between the impulsive and gradual phase is found to be smooth and progressive rather than abrupt. This suggests that they arise because of a slow change in a common accelerator rather than being caused by two independent and distinct acceleration processes. We propose that the hardening during the decay phase is caused by continuing particle acceleration with longer trapping in the accelerator before escape. C1 [Grigis, P. C.; Benz, A. O.] ETH, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Grigis, P. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Grigis, PC (reprint author), ETH, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM pgrigis@cfa.harvard.edu; benz@astro.phys.ethz.ch NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 2 BP 1180 EP 1191 DI 10.1086/589826 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338SD UT WOS:000258528100046 ER PT J AU Dame, TM Thaddeus, P AF Dame, T. M. Thaddeus, P. TI A new spiral arm of the galaxy: The far 3 kpc ARM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy : structure; ISM : molecules; radio lines : ISM ID GALACTIC-CENTER REGION; MILKY-WAY; 3-KILOPARSEC ARM; GAS-DYNAMICS; PLANE SURVEY; CO SURVEY; HYDROGEN; FEATURES; NUCLEUS AB We report the detection in CO of the far-side counterpart of the well-known expanding 3 kpc arm in the central region of the Galaxy. In a CO longitude-velocity map at b = 0 degrees the far 3 kpc arm can be followed over at least 20 degrees of Galactic longitude as a faint lane at positive velocities running parallel to the near arm. The far arm crosses l = 0 degrees at +56 km s(-1), quite symmetric with the -53 km s(-1) expansion velocity of the near arm. In addition to their symmetry in longitude and velocity, we find that the two arms have line widths (similar to 21 km s(-1)), linear scale heights (similar to 103 pc FWHM), and H-2 masses per unit length (similar to 4.3 x 10(6) M-circle dot kpc(-1)) that agree to 26% or better. Guided by the CO, we have also identified the far arm in high-resolution 21 cm data and find, subject to the poorly known CO-to-H-2 ratio in these objects, that both arms are predominately molecular by a factor of 3-4. The detection of these symmetric expanding arms provides strong support for the existence of a bar at the center of our Galaxy and should allow better determination of the bar's physical properties. C1 [Dame, T. M.; Thaddeus, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dame, TM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tdame@cfa.harvard.edu; pthaddeus@cfa.harvard.edu NR 20 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 2 BP L143 EP L146 DI 10.1086/591669 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 340BR UT WOS:000258621600013 ER PT J AU Trilling, DE Mueller, M Hora, JL Fazio, G Spahr, T Stansberry, JA Smith, HA Chesley, SR Mainzer, AK AF Trilling, D. E. Mueller, M. Hora, J. L. Fazio, G. Spahr, T. Stansberry, J. A. Smith, H. A. Chesley, S. R. Mainzer, A. K. TI Diameters and albedos of three subkilometer near-earth objects derived from Spitzer observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE infrared : solar system; minor planets, asteroids ID INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; SPACE-TELESCOPE; THERMAL-MODEL; ASTEROIDS; POPULATION; SIZE AB Near-Earth objects (NEOs)are fragments of remnant primitive bodies that date from the era of solar system formation. At present, the physical properties and origins of NEOs are poorly understood. We have measured thermal emission from three NEOs-(6037) 1988 EG, 1993 GD, and 2005 GL-with Spitzer's IRAC instrument at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 mu m (the last object was detected only at 5.8 and 8.0 mu m). The diameters of these three objects are 400, 180, and 160 m, respectively, with uncertainties of around 20% (including both observational and systematic errors). For all three the geometric albedos are around 0.30, in agreement with previous results that most NEOs are S-class asteroids. For the two objects detected at 3.6 and 4.5 mu m, diameters and albedos based only on those data agree with the values based on modeling the data in all four bands. This agreement, and the high sensitivity of IRAC, shows the promise of the Spitzer Warm Mission for determining the physical parameters for a large number of NEOs. C1 [Trilling, D. E.; Mueller, M.; Stansberry, J. A.] Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hora, J. L.; Fazio, G.; Spahr, T.; Smith, H. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chesley, S. R.; Mainzer, A. K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Trilling, DE (reprint author), Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM trilling@as.arizona.edu OI Mueller, Michael/0000-0003-3217-5385; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 2 BP L199 EP L202 DI 10.1086/591668 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 340BR UT WOS:000258621600027 ER PT J AU Luhr, JF AF Luhr, James F. TI Primary igneous anhydrite: Progress since its recognition in the 1982 El Chichon trachyandesite SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE anhydrite; El chichon; Mt. pinatubo; sulfur; volatiles ID NEVADO-DEL-RUIZ; NEW-MEXICO USA; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; MOUNT-PINATUBO; SULFATE MINERALS; SILICIC MAGMAS; EXPERIMENTAL GLASSES; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; WAVELENGTH SHIFTS AB Primary igneous anhydrite was first identified in 1982 El Chichon pumices. Analysis of the sulfur budget for the eruption provided compelling evidence that the pre-eruptive magma contained a significant gas phase at similar to 7 km depth in order to account for the "excess gas release" of similar to 5-9 million tons of SO2 to the stratosphere by the eruption. Primary igneous anhydrite and a larger "excess gas release" of similar to 20 million tons of SO2 were noted for the significantly larger eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991, for which a separate gas phase at similar to 7-9 km depth was also required by the sulfur budget. Pumices from both eruptions have mineral assemblages dominated by plagioclase and hornblende, with minor biotite, and show evidence for co-nucleation and mutual inclusions of anhydrite and apatite. Both magmas were also very water-rich and highly oxidized, with oxygen fugacities $1 log unit above the synthetic Ni-NiO buffer. Furthering the similarities between these two eruptions, ion-microprobe analyses of sulfur isotopic compositions of anhydrites in pumices from El Chichon and Mount Pinatubo both showed that individual crystals are isotopically homogeneous, but inter-crystal line variations in 834 S are well beyond analytical error. This study reviews the history of thought regarding primary igneous anhydrite. Ten volcanic and plutonic analogues to the El Chichon and Mount Pinatubo magmas are discussed. All were similarly water-rich and highly oxidized magmas. Hornblende is the dominant mafic phenocryst in all but one plutonic example; in that case so much early anhydrite precipitated that no calcium remained to form homblende. Biotite is very abundant in that exceptional plutonic case, and is present in six of the other examples with primary igneous anhydrite. Sphene is known as an indicator mineral of high magmatic oxygen fugacity; it was present in the 1982 El Chichon pumices, and in 6 of the other anhydrite-bearing samples. Homblende and biotite phenocrysts are also characteristic of the intermediate-to-felsic plutonic rocks that typically host porphyry-Cu deposits. Such magmas are also known to be water-rich and highly oxidized. A close spatial and petrogenetic connection exists between magmas with primary igneous anhydrite and magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Luhr, JF (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, POB 37012,NHB-119, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM luhrj@si.edu NR 114 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 175 IS 4 SI SI BP 394 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.02.016 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 357GT UT WOS:000259835000003 ER PT J AU Zeder, MA AF Zeder, Melinda A. TI Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: Origins, diffusion, and impact SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MYOTRAGUS-BALEARICUS BATE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PIG DOMESTICATION; EUROPEAN CATTLE; ANCIENT DNA; COLONIZATION; TRANSITION; DIVERSITY; LINEAGES; AUROCHS AB The past decade has witnessed a quantum leap in our understanding of the origins, diffusion, and impact of early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin. In large measure these advances are attributable to new methods for documenting domestication in plants and animals. The initial steps toward plant and animal domestication in the Eastern Mediterranean can now be pushed back to the 12th millennium cal B.P. Evidence for herd management and crop cultivation appears at least 1,000 years earlier than the morphological changes traditionally used to document domestication. Different species seem to have been domesticated in different parts of the Fertile Crescent, with genetic analyses detecting multiple domestic lineages for each species. Recent evidence suggests that the expansion of domesticates and agricultural economies across the Mediterranean was accomplished by several waves of seafaring colonists who established coastal farming enclaves around the Mediterranean Basin. This process also involved the adoption of domesticates and domestic technologies by indigenous populations and the local domestication of some endemic species. Human environmental impacts are seen in the complete replacement of endemic island faunas by imported mainland fauna and in today's anthropogenic, but threatened, Mediterranean landscapes where sustainable agricultural practices have helped maintain high biodiversity since the Neolithic. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Archaeobiol Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Zeder, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Archaeobiol Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM zederm@si.edu NR 93 TC 214 Z9 220 U1 16 U2 92 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 19 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 33 BP 11597 EP 11604 DI 10.1073/pnas.0801317105 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 341OM UT WOS:000258723800005 PM 18697943 ER PT J AU Post, JE Heaney, PJ Johnson, EA Cygan, RT AF Post, Jeffrey E. Heaney, Peter J. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Cygan, Randall T. TI ENVR 29-Structures and behaviors of calcium-rich phyllomanganates and related phases SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Post, Jeffrey E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Heaney, Peter J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Johnson, Elizabeth A.] James Madison Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Cygan, Randall T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM postj@si.edu; heaney@geosc.psu.edu; johns2ea@jmu.edu; rtcygan@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 29-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304498 ER PT J AU Chabot, NL Campbell, AJ McDonough, WF Draper, DS Agee, CB Humayun, M Watson, HC Cottrell, E Saslow, SA AF Chabot, Nancy L. Campbell, Andrew J. McDonough, William F. Draper, David S. Agee, Carl B. Humayun, Munir Watson, Heather C. Cottrell, Elizabeth Saslow, Sarah A. TI The Fe-C system at 5 GPa and implications for Earth's core SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID IRON-METEORITES; OS-186-OS-187 SYSTEMATICS; MANTLE INTERACTION; CARBON; FRACTIONATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; COSMOCHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE; KOMATIITES; PRESSURE AB Earth's core may contain C, and it has been suggested that C in the core Could stabilize the formation of a solid inner core composed of Fe3C. We experimentally examined the Fe-C system at a pressure of 5 GPa and determined the Fe-C phase diagram at this pressure. In addition, we measured solid metal/liquid metal partition coefficients for 17 trace elements and examined the partitioning behavior between Fe3C and liquid metal for 14 trace elements. Solid metal/liquid metal partition coefficients are similar to those found in one atmosphere studies, indicating that the effect of pressure to 5 GPa is negligible. All measured Fe3C/liquid metal partition coefficients investigated are less than one, such that all trace elements prefer the C-rich liquid to Fe3C. Fe3C/liquid metal partition coefficients tend to decrease with decreasing atomic radii within a given period. Of particular interest, our 5 GPa Fe-C phase diagram does not show any evidence that the Fe-Fe3C eutectic composition shifts to lower C contents with increasing pressure, which is central to the previous reasoning that the inner core may be composed of Fe3C. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chabot, Nancy L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Campbell, Andrew J.; McDonough, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Draper, David S.; Agee, Carl B.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Humayun, Munir] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Humayun, Munir] Florida State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Watson, Heather C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Cottrell, Elizabeth] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Chabot, NL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Nancy.Chabot@JHUAPL.edu RI McDonough, William/C-4791-2009; Chabot, Nancy/F-5384-2015; McDonough, William/I-7720-2012; OI McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673; Chabot, Nancy/0000-0001-8628-3176; McDonough, William/0000-0001-9154-3673; Humayun, Munir/0000-0001-8516-9435; Watson, Heather/0000-0003-4307-6518 FU NASA [NNG06GI13G, NNG04GG17G, NNG05GB81G]; NSF [EAR-0600140] FX This work was supported by a number of research grants: NASA grants NNG06GI13G to N.L. Chabot, NNG04GG17G to W.F. McDonough, NNG05GB81G to M. Humayun, and NSF Grant No. EAR-0600140 to A.J. Campbell. We appreciate comments from two anonymous reviewers and associate editor A.D. Brandon, which led to improvements in this manuscript. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 16 BP 4146 EP 4158 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.06.006 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 339YY UT WOS:000258614400017 ER PT J AU Gorshkov, AV Rabl, P Pupillo, G Micheli, A Zoller, P Lukin, MD Buchler, HP AF Gorshkov, A. V. Rabl, P. Pupillo, G. Micheli, A. Zoller, P. Lukin, M. D. Buechler, H. P. TI Suppression of inelastic collisions between polar molecules with a repulsive shield SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLD; PHOTOASSOCIATION; SCATTERING AB We propose and analyze a technique that allows one to suppress inelastic collisions and simultaneously enhance elastic interactions between cold polar molecules. The main idea is to cancel the leading dipole-dipole interaction with a suitable combination of static electric and microwave fields in such a way that the remaining van der Waals-type potential forms a three-dimensional repulsive shield. We analyze the elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections relevant for evaporative cooling of polar molecules and discuss the prospect for the creation of stable crystalline structures. C1 [Gorshkov, A. V.; Rabl, P.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rabl, P.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pupillo, G.; Micheli, A.; Zoller, P.] Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Pupillo, G.; Micheli, A.; Zoller, P.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Buechler, H. P.] Univ Stuttgart, D-70155 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Gorshkov, AV (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Rabl, Peter/F-2810-2012; Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; Rabl, Peter/0000-0002-2560-8835; Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505 FU European Science Foundation; EuroQUAM; FWF; NSF; ARO; MURI; DARPA FX We acknowledge discussions with J. Doyle and W. Campbell. The work was supported by the European Science Foundation with EuroQUAM program, FWF, NSF, ARO, MURI, and DARPA. NR 26 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 7 AR 073201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.073201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337ZI UT WOS:000258473800020 PM 18764530 ER PT J AU Olson, SL AF Olson, Storrs L. TI Lost land of the dodo SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Olson, Storrs L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5891 BP 913 EP 914 DI 10.1126/science.1162110 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 337LD UT WOS:000258436700018 ER PT J AU Schmidt, BK Foster, JT Angehr, GR Durrant, KL Fleischer, RC AF Schmidt, Brian K. Foster, Jeffrey T. Angehr, George R. Durrant, Kate L. Fleischer, Robert C. TI A new species of African forest robin from Gabon (Passeriformes : Muscicapidae : Stiphrornis) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE African forest robin; Stiphrornis pyrrholaemus; Gamba Complex; Moukalaba-Doudou National Park ID AGES AB We describe a new species of forest robin from the Gamba Complex in southwest Gabon. This common bird, Stiphrornis pyrrholaemus sp. nov., inhabits primary lowland forest and forages on or near the ground like the other members of the genus Stiphrornis of central and western Africa. Unique phenotypic features of the new species include the male's bright orange chin, throat, and breast, creamy yellow belly, olive green back and rump, and gray flanks. Mitochondrial sequence divergence corroborates our assessment based on its distinct physical characteristics that this is a new species, and suggest that Stiphrornis erythrothorax is likely the most closely related congener. C1 [Schmidt, Brian K.] Smithsonian Inst, Div Birds, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Foster, Jeffrey T.; Durrant, Kate L.; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Foster, Jeffrey T.; Durrant, Kate L.; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Angehr, George R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Schmidt, BK (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Div Birds, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 30712, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM schmidtb@si.edu OI Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 15 PY 2008 IS 1850 BP 27 EP 42 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 337OB UT WOS:000258444300002 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Na, S Martin, RV Seo, KH Newchurch, MJ AF Kim, J. H. Na, S. Martin, R. V. Seo, K. H. Newchurch, M. J. TI Singular value decomposition analyses of tropical tropospheric ozone determined from TOMS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH ATLANTIC; GLOBAL-MODEL; TRANSPORT; POLLUTION; CHEMISTRY; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; MAXIMUM; NOX AB A controversial dispute in space-based tropospheric ozone remote sensing is the puzzling discrepancy in the spatiotemporal distribution between residual-based satellite ozone observations and biomass-burning activity in the tropics during boreal winter. This study focuses on evaluation and analyses of two tropospheric ozone products determined from Earth Probe TOMS measurements: Convective Cloud Differential measurements (CCD) and Scan Angle measurements (SAM). Rather than using the typical station-to-station inter-comparison with ozone sounding measurements, the evaluation was performed at the global scale using temporal and spatial patterns derived from Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) analyses. The satellite observations of ozone precursors from MOPITT CO and GOME NO2 serve as markers identifying airmasses influenced by biomass burning. The SVD analyses reveal that the SAM tropospheric ozone product is remarkably consistent (95% significance level) with the two measured ozone precursors, CO and NO2, in distribution as well as in seasonality. The analyses provide compelling evidence that there is no discrepancy between tropospheric ozone and its precursors during boreal winter. C1 [Kim, J. H.; Na, S.; Seo, K. H.] Pusan Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Syst, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Martin, R. V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Kim, J. H.; Newchurch, M. J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Syst, Pusan 609735, South Korea. EM mike@nsstc.uah.edu RI Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014 OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 15 AR L15816 DI 10.1029/2008GL033690 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 338LQ UT WOS:000258509700001 ER PT J AU Jackson, JBC AF Jackson, Jeremy B. C. TI Ecological extinction and evolution in the brave new ocean SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Review ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; DECADAL-SCALE VARIATIONS; CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEFS; PERMANENT EL-NINO; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHASE-SHIFTS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT AB The great mass extinctions of the fossil record were a major creative force that provided entirely new kinds of opportunities for the subsequent explosive evolution and diversification of surviving clades. Today, the synergistic effects of human impacts are laying the groundwork for a comparably great Anthropocene mass extinction in the oceans with unknown ecological and evolutionary consequences. Synergistic effects of habitat destruction, overfishing, introduced species, warming, acidification, toxins, and massive runoff of nutrients are transforming once complex ecosystems like coral reefs and kelp forests into monotonous level bottoms, transforming clear and productive coastal seas into anoxic dead zones, and transforming complex food webs topped by big animals into simplified, microbially dominated ecosystems with boom and bust cycles of toxic dinoflagellate blooms, jellyfish, and disease. Rates of change are increasingly fast and nonlinear with sudden phase shifts to novel alternative community states. We can only guess at the kinds of organisms that will benefit from this mayhem that is radically altering the selective seascape far beyond the consequences of fishing or warming alone. The prospects are especially bleak for animals and plants compared with metabolically flexible microbes and algae. Halting and ultimately reversing these trends will require rapid and fundamental changes in fisheries, agricultural practice, and the emissions of greenhouse gases on a global scale. C1 [Jackson, Jeremy B. C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Jackson, Jeremy B. C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Jackson, JBC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jbjackson@ucsd.edu NR 105 TC 220 Z9 230 U1 35 U2 349 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 12 PY 2008 VL 105 SU 1 BP 11458 EP 11465 DI 10.1073/pnas.0802812105 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 339EP UT WOS:000258561200002 PM 18695220 ER PT J AU Hubbell, SP He, FL Condit, R Borda-de-Agua, L Kellner, J ter Steege, H AF Hubbell, Stephen P. He, Fangliang Condit, Richard Borda-de-Agua, Luis Kellner, James ter Steege, Hans TI How many tree species and how many of them are there in the Amazon will go extinct? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Amazonian tree diversity; neutral theory; tropical tree extinction ID FOREST; BIODIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; FUTURE; INDIVIDUALS; POPULATION; DIVERSITY AB New roads, agricultural projects, logging, and mining are claiming an ever greater area of once-pristine Amazonian forest. The Millennium Ecosystems Assessment (MA) forecasts the extinction of a large fraction of Amazonian tree species based on projected loss of forest cover over the next several decades. How accurate are these estimates of extinction rates? We use neutral theory to estimate the number, relative abundance, and range size of tree species in the Amazon metacommunity, and estimate likely tree-species extinctions under published optimistic and nonoptimistic Amazon scenarios. We estimate that the Brazilian portion of the Amazon Basin has (or had) 11,210 tree species that reach sizes > 10 cm DBH (stem diameter at breast height). Of these, 3,248 species have population sizes > 1 million individuals, and, ignoring possible climate-change effects, almost all of these common species persist under both optimistic and nonoptimistic scenarios. At the rare end of the abundance spectrum, however, neutral theory predicts the existence of approximate to 5,308 species with < 10,000 individuals each that are expected to suffer nearly a 50% extinction rate under the nonoptimistic deforestation scenario and an approximate to 37% loss rate even under the optimistic scenario. Most of these species have small range sizes and are highly vulnerable to local habitat loss. In ensembles of 100 stochastic simulations, we found mean total extinction rates of 20% and 33% of tree species in the Brazilian Amazon under the optimistic and nonoptimistic scenarios, respectively. C1 [Hubbell, Stephen P.; Borda-de-Agua, Luis; ter Steege, Hans] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Condit, Richard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Unit 0948, APO AA, Miami, FL 34002 USA. [Condit, Richard] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Borda-de-Agua, Luis; Kellner, James] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [ter Steege, Hans] Univ Utrecht, Inst Environm Biol, Natl Herbarium, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [ter Steege, Hans] Univ Utrecht, Plant Ecol & Biodivers Sect, Natl Herbarium, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Hubbell, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM shubbell@eeb.ucla.edu RI Borda-de-Agua, Luis/D-6063-2011; ter Steege, Amaz/B-5866-2011 OI Borda-de-Agua, Luis/0000-0002-0802-6235; ter Steege, Amaz/0000-0002-8738-2659 FU National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX We thank N. Pitman, O. Phillips, J. Chave, D. Sabatier, A. Duque, J.-F.Molino, M.-F. Prevost, R. Spichiger, H. Castellanos, P. von Hildebrand, and R. Vasquez for use of their unpublished plot data on the abundances of Amazonian tree genera. This work has been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation and in-kind support from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. NR 29 TC 91 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 67 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 12 PY 2008 VL 105 SU 1 BP 11498 EP 11504 DI 10.1073/pnas.0801915105 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 339EP UT WOS:000258561200007 PM 18695228 ER PT J AU Szostek, A Zdziarski, AA McCollough, ML AF Szostek, Anna Zdziarski, Andrzej A. McCollough, Michael L. TI A classification of the X-ray and radio states of Cyg X-3 and their long-term correlations SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; binaries : general; stars : individual : Cyg X-3; radio continuum : stars; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : stars ID TRANSIENT SOURCE EXPERIMENT; BLACK-HOLE; CYGNUS X-1; SPECTRAL VARIABILITY; BINARY CANDIDATE; GX 339-4; 8.3 GHZ; JET; EMISSION; GRS-1915+105 AB We present a detailed classification of the X-ray states of Cyg X-3 based oil the spectral shape and a new classification of the radio states based oil the long-term correlated behaviour of the radio and soft X-ray light curves. We find a sequence of correlations., startinc, with a positive correlation between the radio and soft X-ray fluxes in the hard spectral state, changing to a negative one at the transition to soft spectral states. The ternporal evolution can be in either direction on that sequence, unless the source goes into a very weak radio state, from which it can return only following a major radio flare. The flare decline is via relatively bright radio states, which results in a hysteresis loop on the flux-flux diagram. We also study the hard X-ray light curve, and find its overall anticorrelation with the soft X-rays. During major radio flares. the radio flux responds exponentially to the level of a hard X-ray high-energy tail. We also specify the detailed correspondence between the radio states and the X-ray spectral states. We compare our results to those of black hole and neutron star binaries. Except for the effect of strong absorption and the energy of the high-energy break in the hard state, the X-ray spectral states of Cyg X-3 closely correspond to the canonical X-ray states of black hole binaries. Also, the radio/X-ray correlation closely corresponds to that found in black hole binaries, but it significantly differs from that in neutron star binaries. Overall, out-results strongly Support the presence of a black hole in Cyg X-3. C1 [Szostek, Anna] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Szostek, Anna; Zdziarski, Andrzej A.] Ctr Astron M Koernika, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [McCollough, Michael L.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Szostek, A (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. EM asz@camk.edu.pl; aaz@camk.edu.pl FU Polish MNiSW [NN203065933]; Polish Astroparticle Network [621/E-78/SN-0068/2007]; National Radio Astronomy Observatory for the US Naval Observatory; Naval Research Laboratory FX We thank L. Hjalmarsdotter for valuable discussions. This research has been Supported in part by the Polish MNiSW grant NN203065933 (2007-2010) and the Polish Astroparticle Network 621/E-78/SN-0068/2007. The GBI was operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory for the US Naval Observatory and the Naval Research Laboratory during the observations used here. We acknowledge the use of data obtained through the HEASARC online service provided by NASA/GSFC. NR 50 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 388 IS 3 BP 1001 EP 1010 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13479.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342UE UT WOS:000258808300006 ER PT J AU Churazov, E Forman, W Vikhlinin, A Tremaine, S Gerhard, O Jones, C AF Churazov, E. Forman, W. Vikhlinin, A. Tremaine, S. Gerhard, O. Jones, C. TI Measuring the non-thermal pressure in early-type galaxy atmospheres: a comparison of X-ray and optical potential profiles in M87 and NGC 1399 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; magnetic fields; turbulence; galaxies : individual : M87; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; X-rays galaxies : clusters ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATION; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DARK-MATTER; MASS-DISTRIBUTION; SOUND-WAVES; VISCOUS DISSIPATION; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; ABUNDANCE PROFILES AB We compare the gravitational potential profiles of the elliptical galaxies NGC 4486 (M87) and NGC 1399 (the central galaxy in the Fornax cluster) derived from X-ray and optical data. This comparison suggests that the combined contribution of cosmic rays. magnetic fields and microturbulence to the pressure is similar to 10 per cent of the gas thermal pressure in the cores of NGC 1399 and M87, although the uncertainties in our model assumptions (e.g. spherical symmetry) are sufficiently large that the contribution could be consistent with zero. In the absence of any other form of non-thermal pressure support, these upper bounds translate into upper limits oil the magnetic field of similar to 10-20 mu G at a distance of 1-2 arcmin from the centers of NGC 1399 and M87. We show that these results are consistent with the current paradigm of cool cluster cores, based oil the assumption that active galactic nuclei regulate the thermal state of the gas by injecting energy into the intracluster medium. The limit of similar to 10-20 per cent oil the enemy density in the form of relativistic protons applies not only to the current state of the gas, but also essentially to the entire history of the intracluster medium, provided that cosmic ray protons evolve adiabatically and that their spatial diffusion is suppressed. C1 [Churazov, E.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Forman, W.; Vikhlinin, A.] Space Res Inst IKI, Moscow 117810, Russia. [Forman, W.; Vikhlinin, A.; Jones, C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tremaine, S.] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Gerhard, O.] MPI Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. RP Churazov, E (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM churazov@mpa-garching.mpg.de RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013; Tremaine, Scott/M-4281-2015 OI Tremaine, Scott/0000-0002-0278-7180 FU DFG [CH389/3-2]; NASA [NASS-38248, NAS8-01130, NAS8-03060]; RAS; Chandra Science Centre, the Smithsonian Institution; Humboldt Research Award FX We are grateful to the referee for important comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the DFG grant CH389/3-2, NASA contracts NASS-38248. NAS8-01130. NAS8-03060, the programme 'Extended objects in the Universe' of the Division of Physical Sciences of the RAS, the Chandra Science Centre, the Smithsonian Institution. MPI fur Astrophysik and MPI fur Extraterrestrische Physik. ST acknowledges support from a Humboldt Research Award. NR 72 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 388 IS 3 BP 1062 EP 1078 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13507.x PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342UE UT WOS:000258808300011 ER PT J AU McQuinn, M Lidz, A Zaldarriaga, M Hernquist, L Dutta, S AF McQuinn, Matthew Lidz, Adam Zaldarriaga, Matias Hernquist, Lars Dutta, Suvendra TI Probing the neutral fraction of the IGM with GRBs during the epoch of reionization SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; intergalactic medium; cosmology : theory ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; POPULATION-III STARS; COSMIC REIONIZATION; REDSHIFT DISTRIBUTION; STELLAR SOURCES; HII-REGIONS; GALAXIES; AFTERGLOWS; UNIVERSE; PHOTOEVAPORATION AB We show that near-infrared observations of the red side of the Ly alpha line from a single gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow cannot be used to constrain the global neutral fraction of the intergalactic medium (IGM), (x) over bar (H), at the GRB's redshift to better than delta(x) over bar (H) similar to 0.3. Some GRB sightlines will encounter more neutral hydrogen than others at fixed, H owing to the patchiness of reionization. GRBs during the epoch of reionization will often bear no discernible signature of a neutral IGM in their afterglow spectra. We discuss the constraints on (x) over bar (H) from the z = 6.3 burst, GR13050904, and quantify the probability of detecting a neutral IGM using future spectroscopic observations of high-redshift, near-infrared GRB afterglows. Assuming an observation with signal-to-noise ratio similar to the Subaru FOCAS spectrum of GRB050904 and that the column density distribution of damped Lya. absorbers is the same as measured at lower redshifts, a GRB from an epoch when (x) over bar (H) = 0.5 can be used to detect a partly neutral IGM at 97 per cent confidence level approximate to 10 per cent of the time (and, for an observation with three times the sensitivity, approximate to 30 per cent of the time). C1 [McQuinn, Matthew; Lidz, Adam; Zaldarriaga, Matias; Hernquist, Lars; Dutta, Suvendra] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zaldarriaga, Matias] Harvard Univ, Jefferson Lab Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP McQuinn, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mmcquinn@cfa.harvard.edu FU NSF; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; [AST-0506556]; [NNG05GJ40G] FX We would like to thank T. Totani for providing the Subaru afterglow data for GRB050904 as well as for his comments oil the manuscript and for answering numerous questions about the measurement. We also thank Mark Dijkstra, Clatide-Andre Faucher-Giguere, Alexandre Tchekhovskoi and Hy Trac for many interesting discussions and the anonymous referee for useful comments on the manuscript. MM acknowledges support through an NSF graduate student fellowship. The authors are also supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and grants AST-0506556 and NNG05GJ40G. NR 47 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 388 IS 3 BP 1101 EP 1110 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13271.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342UE UT WOS:000258808300014 ER PT J AU Virdone, N Agresti, J Bertolini, A DeSalvo, R Stellacci, R Kamp, J Mantovani, M Sannibale, V Tarallo, M Kaltenegger, L AF Virdone, Nicole Agresti, Juri Bertolini, Alessandro DeSalvo, Riccardo Stellacci, Rosalia Kamp, Justin Mantovani, Maddalena Sannibale, Virginio Tarallo, Marco Kaltenegger, Lisa TI Extended-time-scale creep measurement on Maraging cantilever blade springs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Maraging; creep; Young's modulus thermal variation; Arrhenius acceleration; seismic isolation ID SEISMIC ATTENUATION; SYSTEM AB Two controlled temperature facilities were built to induce an accelerated creep rate in a Maraging steel GAS spring and to measure the material's creep over an artificially extended period of time. The data acquisition of the first experiment lasted for almost a year, but then the blades were allowed to creep for six more years before measuring the permanent deformation integrated over time. The data from this first experiment was polluted by a defect in the data acquisition software, but yielded overall creep limits and an evaluation of the Arrhenius acceleration of creep speed with temperature (1.28 +/- 0.13 degrees C-1). The duration of the second experiment was only 1 year but more free of systematic errors. The effective test period of this second experiment (normalized with the Arrhenius acceleration measured in the first experiment) extends in billions of years showing no sign of anomalous creep. The result of both experiments also produced a simple procedure capable of eliminating all practical effects of creep from the Advanced LIGO seismic isolation and suspensions. Measurements of creep under various stress levels, and of the thermal variations of Young's modulus (2.023 (+/- 0.013) x 10(-4) degrees C-1) are reported as well. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Virdone, Nicole] Mayfield Senior High Sch, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA. [Virdone, Nicole; Agresti, Juri; DeSalvo, Riccardo; Stellacci, Rosalia; Mantovani, Maddalena; Sannibale, Virginio; Tarallo, Marco] CALTECH, LIGO Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Agresti, Juri; Stellacci, Rosalia; Mantovani, Maddalena; Tarallo, Marco] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis Enrico Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Agresti, Juri; Stellacci, Rosalia; Mantovani, Maddalena; Tarallo, Marco] Univ Pisa, INFN, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bertolini, Alessandro] Chalmers, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Kamp, Justin] DESY, Forsch Linear Collider Div, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Kaltenegger, Lisa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys CfA, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Virdone, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM nvirdone@ucla.edu RI Agresti, Juri/G-8168-2012; Tarallo, Marco/B-2096-2012 OI Agresti, Juri/0000-0001-6119-2470; Tarallo, Marco/0000-0001-5169-4987 FU National Science Foundation [PHY 9210038]; LIGO [LIGO-P070095-00-Z] FX In memory of Michael Koyfman, he gave us a great example of friendship and courage.; We would like to thank the National Science Foundation, which granted for the SURF program, Caltech and the SURF office.; The LIGO Observatories were constructed by the California Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology with funding from the National Science Foundation under cooperative agreement PHY 9210038. The LIGO Laboratory operates under cooperative agreement PHY-PHY-0107417. This paper has been assigned LIGO Document Number LIGO-P070095-00-Z. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 593 IS 3 BP 597 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.05.032 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 347DL UT WOS:000259120700050 ER PT J AU Punyasena, SW AF Punyasena, Surangi W. TI Estimating Neotropical palaeotemperature and palaeoprecipitation using plant family climatic optima SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE palynology; neotropics; palaeotemperature; palaeoprecipitation; kernel density estimation; maximum likelihood; A. H. Gentry ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; LATE-QUATERNARY; SOUTH-AMERICA; POLLEN DATA; ENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; MODERN ANALOGS; FOSSIL RECORD; NORTH-AMERICA; RAIN-FOREST AB The member species of individual plant families, particularly within the tropics, can be found in very different habitats. Despite this ecological and physiological diversity, the results of this study demonstrate that heterogeneity within families does not prevent climatic generalizations at higher taxonomic ranks. Modelled distributions that incorporate local abundance data can discriminate climatically among many plant families and can potentially be used to reconstruct palaeoclimate from sub-fossil and fossil pollen assemblages. Presented are four probabilistic models of temperature and precipitation generated using published transect data of the spatial distributions of 154 Neotropical plant families and the Gaussian kernel probability densities of their occurrence (presence-absence), absolute abundance (density), proportional abundance (dominance), and basal area. Thirty-five published pollen surface samples, representing contemporary Central and South American lowland vegetation, were used to test the accuracy of the modelled climate estimates. The models are able to identify relative differences in temperature and precipitation, with absolute and proportional plant family abundances providing the most accurate estimates. There was little statistical difference among the different models and weighting methods used. The accuracy of individual estimates was more dependent on the number of pollen assemblage families shared with the modern vegetation dataset than any other investigated variable. Family-based climatological proxies have several advantages over assemblage or biome-based reconstructions. Climatic estimates can potentially be derived even when novel combinations of taxa are observed in the fossil record, extending the utility of models based on plant family distributions to palaeobotanical data from deeper time. The approach is also dynamic. Plant communities do not need to be in equilibrium and individualistic dynamics can be incorporated into estimates. Finally, the models provide working hypotheses of how individual species may respond to climatic change based on the climatic specialization of their respective families. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Panama City, Panama. RP Punyasena, SW (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Box 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM PunyasenaS@si.edu RI Punyasena, Surangi/C-9134-2011 FU US EPA STAR [FP-91637701-0]; Chicago ARCS Foundation; Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship FX I Would like to sincerely thank the Missouri Botanical Gardens and Jim Solomon for maintaining public online access to A. H. Gentry's forest transect data and the VAST (VAScularTropicos) nomenclatural database. Herman Behling, Mark Bush, Dunia Uri-ego, and Francis Mayle kindly provided the raw data for 19 surface samples. Michael Foote, Jennifer McElwain, Susan Kidwell, Gidon Eshel, Francis Mayle, and Scott Lidgard provided feedback on early drafts. The comments of the editor and two anonymous reviewers expanded the analysis and discussion of the literature. Support for this research was provided by US EPA STAR Fellowship FP-91637701-0 and the Chicago ARCS Foundation, and was completed as a doctoral student at the University of Chicago in the Committee on Evolutionary Biology. Current support is from a Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 99 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD AUG 11 PY 2008 VL 265 IS 3-4 BP 226 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.04.025 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 342YC UT WOS:000258818500005 ER PT J AU Proszkow, EM Myers, PC AF Proszkow, Eva-Marie Myers, Philip C. TI Tidal disruption of protoclusters in giant molecular clouds SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : general; ISM : structure; methods : n-body simulations; stars : formation ID MASSIVE-STAR FORMATION; H-II REGIONS; STELLAR CLUSTERS; SPIRAL ARM; EVOLUTION; COLLAPSE; ORION; FRAGMENTATION; (CO)-C-12; COLLECT AB We study the collapse of protoclusters within a giant molecular cloud ( GMC) to determine the conditions under which collapse is significantly disrupted. Motivated by observations of star- forming regions which exhibit flattened cloud structures, this study considers collapsing protoclusters with disk geometries. The collapse of a 103 M protocluster initially a distance of 2Y10 pc from a 103Y106M point mass is numerically calculated. Simulations with zero initial relative velocity between the two are completed, as well as simulations with relative velocities consistent with those observed in GMCs. The results allow us to define the conditions under which it is safe to assume that protocluster collapse proceeds as if in isolation. For instance, we find that the collapse of a 103M protocluster will be significantly disrupted if it is within 2Y4 pc of a 104 M point mass. Thus, the collapse of a 103 M protocluster can be considered to proceed as if in isolation if it is more than 4 pc away from a 104M compact object. In addition, in no portion of the sampled parameter space does the gravitational interaction between the protocluster disk and the massive particle significantly disperse the disk into the background GMC. We discuss the distribution of clusters of young stellar objects within the Perseus and Mon R2 star- forming regions, which are consistent with the results of our simulations and the limitations of our results in gas dominated regions such as the Orion cloud. C1 [Proszkow, Eva-Marie] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Myers, Philip C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Proszkow, EM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM emdavid@umich.edu NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 1 BP 226 EP 237 DI 10.1086/589767 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335NA UT WOS:000258296100019 ER PT J AU Keto, E Caselli, P AF Keto, Eric Caselli, Paola TI The different structures of the two classes of starless cores SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE ISM : clouds ID MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES; PRE-STELLAR CORES; COLLAPSING PRESTELLAR CORES; DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; CARLO RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; RAY IONIZATION RATE; DARK CLOUD; PROTOSTELLAR CORES; INITIAL CONDITIONS; INTERNAL STRUCTURE AB We describe a model for the thermal and dynamical equilibrium of starless cores that includes the radiative transfer of gas and dust and simple CO chemistry. The model shows that the structure and behavior of the cores is significantly different depending on whether the central density is either above or below about 105 cm 3. This density is significant as the critical density for gas cooling by gas- dust collisions and as the critical density for dynamical stability, given the typical properties of the starless cores. Starless cores thus divide into two classes that we refer to as thermally supercritical and thermally subcritical. This two- class distinction allows an improved interpretation of the different observational data of starless cores within a single model. C1 [Keto, Eric] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Caselli, Paola] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Keto, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM keto@cfa.harvard.edu; p.caselli@leeds.ac.uk NR 109 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 1 BP 238 EP 247 DI 10.1086/589147 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335NA UT WOS:000258296100020 ER PT J AU Kang, M Choi, M Ho, PTP Lee, Y AF Kang, Miju Choi, Minho Ho, Paul T. P. Lee, Youngung TI Millimeter Imaging of HH 24 MMS: A misaligned protobinary system SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion disks; binaries : general; ISM : individual (HH 24 MMS); ISM : structure; stars : formation ID MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES; T-TAURI STARS; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; YOUNG STARS; PROTOSTARS; JETS; REGION; COLLAPSE; SUBMILLIMETER AB The HH 24MMSprotostellar system was observed in the 6.9mmcontinuum with a high angular resolution (0.500). HH24MMSwas resolved into two sources. The separation between sources 1 and 2 is 0.900 or 360 AU. The spectral energy distribution suggests that the 6.9 mm flux is almost entirely from dust. The 6.9 mm image and the spectrum suggest that HH 24 MMS may be a protostellar binary system. Total mass including the accretion disks and the inner protostellar envelope is similar to 1.4 M-circle dot. Disk masses of sources 1 and 2 are 0.6 and 0.3 M-circle dot, respectively. Both sources are highly elongated. The difference in the position angle of the two disks is similar to 45 degrees, which means that HH 24 MMS is a highly misaligned protobinary system. The misalignment suggests that turbulent fragmentation may be the formation mechanismrelevant to the binary systems with a separation of a few hundreds of AU, such as the HH 24MMS system. C1 [Kang, Miju; Choi, Minho; Lee, Youngung] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Int Ctr Astrophys, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Kang, Miju] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Kang, Miju] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ho, Paul T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Ho, Paul T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kang, M (reprint author), Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Int Ctr Astrophys, Hwaam 61-1, Taejon 305348, South Korea. EM mjkang@kasi.re.kr NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 1 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.1086/589819 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335NA UT WOS:000258296100023 ER PT J AU Eisner, JA Plambeck, RL Carpenter, JM Corder, SA Qi, C Wilner, D AF Eisner, J. A. Plambeck, R. L. Carpenter, John M. Corder, S. A. Qi, C. Wilner, D. TI Proplyds and massive disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster imaged with CARMA and SMA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (Orion); planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : pre-main-sequence ID T-TAURI STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST DISKS; TRAPEZIUM-CLUSTER; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS; IC-348 CLUSTER; BROWN DWARFS; RHO-OPHIUCHI AB We imaged a 2' x 2' region of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) in 1.3 mm wavelength continuum emission with the recently commissioned Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy (CARMA) and with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). Our mosaics include >250 known near-IR cluster members, of which 36 are so-called "proplyds'' that have been imaged previously with the Hubble Space Telescope. We detected 40 sources in 1 mm continuum emission (one of which is the BN Object), and several of them are spatially resolved with our observations. The emission from most objects arises predominantly from dust, and circumstellar masses inferred for detected sources range from 0.01 to 0.5 M-circle dot. The average circumstellar mass for undetected sources is estimated to be similar to 0.001 M-circle dot, approximately an order of magnitude smaller than the minimum-mass solar nebula. Most stars in the ONC thus do not appear to currently possess sufficient mass in small dust grains to form Jupiter-mass (or larger) planets. Comparison with previous results for younger and older regions indicates that massive disks evolve significantly on similar to Myr timescales. We also show that the percentage of stars in Orion surrounded by disks more massive than similar to 0.01 M-circle dot is substantially lower than in Taurus, indicating that environment has an impact on the disk-mass distribution. Disks in Orion may be truncated through photoevaporation caused by the intense radiation field of the Trapezium stars, and we see marginal evidence for such a scenario in the spatial distribution of massive disks within the cluster. Our data show no statistically significant correlation between disk and stellar masses, although we see hints of a higher percentage of massive disks around lower mass stars. C1 [Eisner, J. A.; Plambeck, R. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carpenter, John M.; Corder, S. A.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Qi, C.; Wilner, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Eisner, JA (reprint author), Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jae@astro.berkeley.edu; plambeck@astro.berkeley.edu; jmc@astro.caltech.edu; sac@astro.caltech.edu; cqi@cfa.harvard.edu; dwilner@cfa.harvard.edu NR 83 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 1 BP 304 EP 320 DI 10.1086/588524 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335NA UT WOS:000258296100026 ER PT J AU Fragos, T Kalogera, V Belczynski, K Fabbiano, G Kim, DW Brassington, NJ Angelini, L Davies, RL Gallagher, JS King, AR Pellegrini, S Trinchieri, G Zepf, SE Kundu, A Zezas, A AF Fragos, T. Kalogera, V. Belczynski, K. Fabbiano, G. Kim, D. -W. Brassington, N. J. Angelini, L. Davies, R. L. Gallagher, J. S. King, A. R. Pellegrini, S. Trinchieri, G. Zepf, S. E. Kundu, A. Zezas, A. TI Models for low-mass X-ray binaries in the elliptical galaxies NGC 3379 and NGC 4278: Comparison with observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; stars : evolution; X-rays : binaries ID COMMON ENVELOPE EVOLUTION; MILLISECOND RADIO PULSARS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; MAGNETIC BRAKING; BLACK-HOLES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; STELLAR EVOLUTION; EMISSION; CHANDRA AB We present theoretical models for the formation and evolution of populations of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in the two elliptical galaxies NGC 3379 and NGC 4278. The models are calculated with the recently updated StarTrack code, assuming only a primordial galactic field LMXB population. StarTrack is an advanced population synthesis code that has been tested and calibrated using detailed binary star calculations and incorporates all the important physical processes of binary evolution. The simulations are targeted to modeling and understanding the origin of the X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) of point sources in these galaxies. For the first time we explore the population XLF in luminosities below 10(37) ergs s (1), as probed by the most recent observational results. We consider models for the formation and evolution of LMXBs in galactic fields with different CE efficiencies, stellar wind prescriptions, magnetic braking laws, and IMFs. We identify models that produce XLFs consistent with the observations both in shape and absolute normalization, suggesting that a primordial galactic field LMXB population can make a significant contribution to the total population of an elliptical galaxy. We also find that the treatment of the outburst luminosity of transient systems remains a crucial factor for the determination of the XLF, since the modeled populations are dominated by transient X-ray systems. C1 [Fragos, T.; Kalogera, V.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Belczynski, K.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Fabbiano, G.; Kim, D. -W.; Brassington, N. J.; Zezas, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Angelini, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Davies, R. L.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Gallagher, J. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [King, A. R.] Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Pellegrini, S.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, Bologna, Italy. [Trinchieri, G.] INAF Observ Astron Brera, I-20121 Milan, Italy. [Zepf, S. E.; Kundu, A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Fragos, T (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM tassosfragos@northwestern.edu; vicky@northwestern.edu; kbelczyn@nmsu.edu; gfabbiano@cfa.harvard.edu; kim@cfa.harvard.edu; nbrassington@head.cfa.harvard.edu; angelini@davide.gsfc.nasa.gov; rld@astro.ox.ac.uk; jsg@astro.wisc.edu; ark@star.le.ac.uk; silvia.pellegrini@unibo.it; ginevra.trinchieri@brera.inaf.it; zepf@pa.msu.edu; azezas@cfa.harvard.edu RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011 OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X NR 62 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 1 BP 346 EP 356 DI 10.1086/588456 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335NA UT WOS:000258296100029 ER PT J AU Bruntt, H Evans, NR Stello, D Penny, AJ Eaton, JA Buzasi, DL Sasselov, DD Preston, HL Miller-Ricci, E AF Bruntt, H. Evans, N. R. Stello, D. Penny, A. J. Eaton, J. A. Buzasi, D. L. Sasselov, D. D. Preston, H. L. Miller-Ricci, E. TI Polaris the Cepheid returns: 4.5 years of monitoring from ground and space SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cepheids; stars : individual (HD 8890, Polaris) ID EJECTION IMAGER SMEI; OPEN CLUSTER M67; RADIAL-VELOCITY; MULTISITE CAMPAIGN; WIRE SATELLITE; PERIOD; AMPLITUDE; GIANTS; OSCILLATIONS; PARALLAXES AB We present the analysis of 4.5 years of nearly continuous observations of the classical Cepheid Polaris, which comprise the most precise data available for this star. We have made spectroscopic measurements from ground and photometric measurements from the WIRE star tracker and the SMEI instrument on the Coriolis satellite. Measurements of the amplitude of the dominant oscillation ( P = 4 days), which go back more than a century, show a decrease from A(V) = 120 to 30 mmag around the turn of the millennium. It has been speculated that the reason for the decrease in amplitude is the evolution of Polaris toward the edge of the instability strip. However, our new data reveal an increase in the amplitude by similar to 30% from 2003 to 2006. It now appears that the amplitude change is cyclic rather than monotonic and most likely the result of a pulsation phenomenon. In addition, previous radial velocity campaigns have claimed the detection of long-period variation in Polaris (P > 40 days). Our radial velocity data are more precise than previous data sets, and we find no evidence for additional variation for periods in the range 3-50 days with an upper limit of 100 m s(-1). However, in the WIRE data we find evidence of variation on timescales of 2-6 days, which we interpret as being due to granulation. C1 [Bruntt, H.; Stello, D.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Evans, N. R.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Penny, A. J.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Eaton, J. A.] Tennessee State Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Syst, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. [Buzasi, D. L.; Preston, H. L.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Sasselov, D. D.; Miller-Ricci, E.] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bruntt, H (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Inst Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 1 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1086/589565 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335NA UT WOS:000258296100037 ER PT J AU Bush, SJ Cox, TJ Hernquist, L Thilker, D Younger, JD AF Bush, Stephanie J. Cox, T. J. Hernquist, Lars Thilker, David Younger, Joshua D. TI Simulations of XUV disks with a star formation density threshold SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : spiral; galaxies : structure; ultraviolet : galaxies ID EXTENDED ULTRAVIOLET DISK; EXTREME OUTER DISK; SPIRAL GALAXIES; GALACTIC DISKS; GAS CONTENT; NGC-4625; M83; SPECTROSCOPY; EVOLUTION; DISCOVERY AB The outer regions of disk galaxies show a drop-off in optical and Ha emission, suggesting a star formation threshold radius, assumed to owe to a critical surface density below which star formation does not take place. Signs of filamentary star formation beyond this threshold radius have been observed in individual galaxies in the Ha, and recent GALEX surveys have discovered that 30% of disk galaxies show UV emission out to 2-3 times the optical radius of the galaxy. We run smooth particle hydrodynamics simulations of disk galaxies with constant-density extended gas disks to test whether overdensities owing to spiral structure in the outer disk can reproduce the observed star formation. We indeed find that spiral density waves from the inner disk propagate into the outer gas disk and raise local gas regions above the star formation density threshold, yielding features similar to those observed. Because the amount of star formation is low, we expect to see little optical emission in outer disks, as observed. Our results indicate that XUV disks can be simulated simply by adding an extended gas disk with a surface density near the threshold density to an isolated galaxy and evolving it with fiducial star formation parameters. C1 [Bush, Stephanie J.; Cox, T. J.; Hernquist, Lars; Younger, Joshua D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02143 USA. [Thilker, David] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Bush, SJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02143 USA. EM sbush@cfa.harvard.edu NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 1 BP L13 EP L16 DI 10.1086/591523 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 340BO UT WOS:000258621300004 ER PT J AU Gallo, E Homan, J Jonker, PG Tomsick, JA AF Gallo, Elena Homan, Jeroen Jonker, Peter G. Tomsick, John A. TI Chandra detection of XTE J1650-500 in quiescence and the minimum luminosity of black hole X-ray binaries SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; stars : individual (XTE J1650-500); X-rays : binaries ID ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; NEUTRON-STAR; EVENT HORIZONS; TRANSIENT XTE-J1650-500; COMPACT OBJECTS; XTE J1650-500; V404 CYGNI; SPECTRUM; EMISSION AB The Galactic black hole X-ray binary XTE J1650-500 entered a quiescent regime following the decline from the 2001-2002 outburst that led to its discovery. Here we report on the first detection of its quiescent counterpart in a 36 ks observation taken in 2007 July with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The inferred 0.5-10 keV unabsorbed flux is in the range (2.5-5.0) x 10(-15) erg s(-1) cm. Notwithstanding large distance uncertainties, the measured luminosity is comparable to that of the faintest detected black hole X-ray binaries, all having orbital periods close to the expected bifurcation period between j-and n-driven low-mass X-ray binaries. This suggests that a few erg s(-1) might be a limiting luminosity value for quiescent black holes. C1 [Gallo, Elena] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Homan, Jeroen] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jonker, Peter G.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Jonker, Peter G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jonker, Peter G.] Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Tomsick, John A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gallo, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Broida Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. FU Chandra award [G07-8047] FX E. G. is funded by NASA through Chandra postdoctoral fellowship grant PF5-60037, issued by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060. Support for this work was provided through Chandra award G07-8047A issued by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory Center. The authors wish to thank the referee for a prompt and thoughtful report. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 683 IS 1 BP L51 EP L54 DI 10.1086/591230 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 340BO UT WOS:000258621300013 ER PT J AU Jain, S AF Jain, Sreepat TI Integrated Jurassic biostratigraphy: A closer look at nannofossil and ammonite evidences from the Indian subcontinent SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ammonites; Bathonian-Callovian boundary; Indian subcontinent; nannofossils ID CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS; MIDDLE; RAJASTHAN; ZONATION; BASIN AB Old and outdated use of ammonite and nannofossil literature indicates that nannofossils are better in defining the Bathonian-Callovian boundary in the Jurassic sediments of Jaisalmer basin, western India. However, globally and with an updated biozonation from more recent literature, it is the other way round. This paradox is an example where standardization is urgently needed. In light of new nannofossil data, age assignments based on nannofossil records are critically assessed and a globally updated composite Bajocian-Callovian biozonation of ammonites and marker nannofossil species is given to encourage use of more updated literature. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Jain, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, 10th St & Constitut Ave, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM jains@si.edu NR 30 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 3 BP 326 EP 331 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 339RI UT WOS:000258594600024 ER PT J AU McCarthy, MC Thaddeus, P AF McCarthy, M. C. Thaddeus, P. TI High-resolution rotational spectroscopy of the carbon chain anions C3N-, C4H-, and C4D- SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-IONS; LABORATORY DETECTION; AUTODETACHMENT SPECTROSCOPY; ASTRONOMICAL DETECTION; ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-IONS; SPECTRA AB The rotational spectra of C3N-, C4H-, and C4D- have been measured at high-spectral resolution by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. For both C3N- and C4D-, hyperfine structure in the lowest-J transitions has been resolved and measured to better than 0.1 ppm. The quadrupole coupling constants eQq for both anions are close to those of the neutral counterparts C3N and C4D, and that of C3N- is in good agreement with theoretical calculations. Several properties of these anions, including their linewidths, drift velocities, and abundances, are systematically compared to similar-sized neutral molecules. The production of C4H- with different hydrocarbon precursor and buffer gases is also discussed. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [McCarthy, M. C.; Thaddeus, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McCarthy, M. C.; Thaddeus, P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP McCarthy, MC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mccarthy@cfa.harvard.edu OI McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008 NR 48 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 5 AR 054314 DI 10.1063/1.2960626 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 336AG UT WOS:000258336100026 PM 18698907 ER PT J AU Doria, G Jaramillo, CA Herrera, F AF Doria, Gabriela Jaramillo, Carlos A. Herrera, Fabiany TI Menispermaceae from the Cerrejon formation, middle to late Paleocene, Colombia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Review DE Colombia; leaf morphology; lower eudicots; Menispermaceae; paleobotany; Ranunculales ID FOSSIL POLLEN RECORDS; ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY; EXTANT ANGIOSPERMS; EARLY EOCENE; DEPOSITS; MIOCENE; PALYNOLOGY; DIVERSITY; FORESTS; LIANAS AB The origin and processes creating the high diversity of plant species in neotropical rain forests and their floristic composition and multistratitified forest structure are still uncertain. Here, we studied one of the most common leaf morphotypes of the Cerrejon flora (middle-late Paleocene, ca. 60-58 Ma), Guajira. Colombia, that contains one of the oldest records of neotropical rain forest floras. Fifty-seven leaf specimens were carefully examined with a focus on general morphology, venation patterns. and cuticular characteristics. The analysis allowed us to recognize four new species that were assigned to the fossil-leaf genus Menispermites on the basis of an ovate leaf shape with cordate to truncate bases, actinodromous primary venation. brochidodromous secondary venation, percurrent tertiary venation, regular polygonal reticulate fourth and fifth venation, well-developed polygonal areoles, entire mar.-in, and the presence of a fimbrial vein. This set of characters suggests a possible affinity with the pantropical angiosperm family Menispermaceae. The predominantly climbing habit of this family suggests that the Cerrejon Paleocene tropical rain forest was already multi stratified. These findings represent the earliest record for the family in northern South America. C1 [Doria, Gabriela; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Herrera, Fabiany] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Herrera, Fabiany] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Jaramillo, CA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM jaramilloc@si.edu NR 205 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 95 IS 8 BP 954 EP 973 DI 10.3732/ajb.2007216 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 334XO UT WOS:000258255300006 PM 21632418 ER PT J AU Wittmers, LE Aufderheide, AC Pounds, JG Jones, KW Angel, JL AF Wittmers, L. E., Jr. Aufderheide, A. C. Pounds, J. G. Jones, K. W. Angel (Posthumous), J. L. TI Problems in determination of skeletal lead burden in archaeological samples: An example from the First African Baptist Church population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diagenesis; age and soil lead content; atomic absorption spectrometry; X-ray fluorescence ID BURIED HUMAN-BONE; ABSORPTION AB Human bone lead content has been demonstrated to be related to socioeconomic status, occupation and other social and environmental correlates. Skeletal tissue samples from 135 individuals from an early nineteenth century Philadelphia cemetery (First African Baptist Church) were studied by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence for lead content. High bone lead levels led to investigation of possible diagenetic effects. These were investigated by several different approaches including distribution of lead within bone by X-ray fluorescence, histological preservation, soil lead concentration and acidity as well as location and depth of burial. Bone lead levels were very high in children, exceeding those of the adult population that were buried in the cemetery, and also those of present day adults. The antemortem age-related increase in bone lead, reported in other studies, was not evidenced in this population. Lead was evenly deposited in areas of taphonomic bone destruction. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence studies revealed no consistent pattern of lead microdistribution within the bone. Our conclusions are that postmortem diagenesis of lead ion has penetrated these archaeological bones to a degree that makes their original bone lead content irretrievable by any known method. Increased bone porosity is most likely responsible for the very high levels of lead found in bones of newborns and children. C1 [Wittmers, L. E., Jr.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Physiol, Sch Med, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Aufderheide, A. C.] Univ Minnesota, Paleobiol Lab, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Aufderheide, A. C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pathol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Pounds, J. G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atom & Appl Phys, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jones, K. W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Sect Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Wittmers, LE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Physiol, Sch Med, 1035 Univ Dr, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM lwittmer@d.umn.edu OI Pounds, Joel/0000-0002-6616-1566 FU PHS HHS [P41RRO1838] NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 136 IS 4 BP 379 EP 386 DI 10.1002/ajpa.20819 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 327ZF UT WOS:000257766300002 PM 18386797 ER PT J AU Kawashima, T Thorington, RW Kunimatsu, Y Whatton, JF AF Kawashima, Tomokazu Thorington, Richard W., Jr. Kunimatsu, Yutaka Whatton, James F. TI Systematic morphology and evolutionary anatomy of the autonomic cardiac nervous system in the lesser apes, gibbons (Hylobatidae) SO ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cardiac nerve; cardiac branch; heart; comparative anatomy; cervical ganglion; vertebral ganglion; cervicothoracic ganglion ID HUMAN HEART; NERVES; ORIGIN; DOG AB We examined the morphology of the autonomic cardiac nervous system (ACNS) on 20 sides of 10 gibbons (Hylobatidae) of three genera, and we have inferred the evolution of the anatomy of the primate ACNS. We report the following. (1) Several trivial intraspecific and interspecific variations are present in gibbons, but the general arrangement of the ACNS in gibbons is consistent. (2) Although the parasympathetic vagal cardiac nervous system is extremely consistent, the sympathetic cardiac nervous system, such as the composition of the sympathetic ganglia and the range of origin of the sympathetic cardiac nerves, exhibit topographical differences among primates. (3) The vertebral ganglion, seldom observed in the Old World monkeys (Cercopithecidae), was consistently present in gibbons as well as in humans. (4) There are fewer thoracic ganglia contributing to the cervicothoracic ganglion in humans than in gibbons and in gibbons than in Old World monkeys. (5) The superior cardiac nerve originating from the superior cervical ganglion, rarely observed in Old World monkeys but commonly observed in humans, was present in 13 of 20 sides (65%), mostly on the left. Accordingly, the ACNS morphology exhibits evolutionary changes within the primate lineage. These evolutionary differences between Old World monkeys, gibbons, and humans are most parsimoniously interpreted as resulting from regular changes in the lineages leading from their common ancestor to the extant species that we dissected. They include the reduction in the number of thoracic ganglia contributing to the cervicothoracic ganglion and the expansion of the range of the cardiac nervous origin. C1 [Kawashima, Tomokazu; Thorington, Richard W., Jr.; Whatton, James F.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Kawashima, Tomokazu] Tokyo Womens Med Univ, Dept Anat, Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan. [Kunimatsu, Yutaka] Kyoto Univ, Primate Res Inst, Sect Morphol, Aichi, Japan. RP Kawashima, T (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Mammals, NHB 399,MRC 108, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM kawashimat@si.edu OI Kunimatsu, Yutaka/0000-0003-3917-8693 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1932-8486 J9 ANAT REC JI Anat. Rec. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 291 IS 8 BP 939 EP 959 DI 10.1002/ar.20700 PG 21 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 335TR UT WOS:000258314300004 PM 18449901 ER PT J AU Bonanos, AZ Stanek, KZ Szentgyorgyi, AH Sasselov, DD Bakos, GA AF Bonanos, A. Z. Stanek, K. Z. Szentgyorgyi, A. H. Sasselov, D. D. Bakos, G. A. TI The RR Lyrae distance to the draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy (vol 127, pg 861, 2004) SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction DE errata; addenda AB The coordinates (and therefore names) of the 49 variables detected in chip 4 were incorrectly assigned in the original manuscript. Corrected versions of the affected Tables 1 and 2, and Figures 2 and 3 are given in this erratum, superseding the previous erratum. These corrections are only typographical in nature, and none of the results or conclusions of the paper are affected. We are grateful to H. Harris for pointing out this error. C1 [Bonanos, A. Z.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Stanek, K. Z.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Szentgyorgyi, A. H.; Sasselov, D. D.; Bakos, G. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bonanos, AZ (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Bonanos, Alceste/K-5392-2013 OI Bonanos, Alceste/0000-0003-2851-1905 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 136 IS 2 BP 896 EP 897 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/2/896 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326SU UT WOS:000257680000028 ER PT J AU Sazonov, S Revnivtsev, M Burenin, R Churazov, E Sunyaev, R Forman, WR Murray, SS AF Sazonov, S. Revnivtsev, M. Burenin, R. Churazov, E. Sunyaev, R. Forman, W. R. Murray, S. S. TI Discovery of heavily-obscured AGN among seven INTEGRAL hard X-ray sources observed by Chandra SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies : Seyfert; novae, cataclysmic variables; X-rays : binaries ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ALL-SKY SURVEY; SWIFT BAT SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GALAXY CLUSTERS; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; COMPTON-THICK; CATALOG; EMISSION; SPECTRA AB Aims. We identify hard X-ray sources discovered by the INTEGRAL all-sky survey. We complete identification of a unique sample of active galactic nuclei (AGN) selected in the hard X-ray band (17-60 keV) with minimal effects from absorption. Subsequently, we determine the fraction of obscured AGN in the local Universe. Methods. We observed 7 INTEGRAL sources with the Chandra X-ray Observatory to refine their localization to similar to 2 arcsec and to study their X-ray spectra. Results. Two sources are inferred to have a Galactic origin: IGR J08390-4833 is most likely a magnetic cataclysmic variable with a white dwarf spin period similar to 1450 s; and IGR J21343+4738 is a high-mass X-ray binary. Five sources (IGR J02466-4222, IGR J09522-6231, IGR J14493-5534, IGR J14561-3738, and IGR J23523+5844) prove to be AGN with significant intrinsic X-ray absorption along the line of sight. Their redshifts and hard X-ray (17-60 keV) luminosities range from 0.025 to 0.25 and from similar to 2 x 10(43) to similar to 2 x 10(45) erg s(-1), respectively, with the distance to IGR J14493-5534 remaining unknown. The sources IGR J02466-4222 and IGR J14561-3738 are likely Compton-thick AGN with absorption column densities N(H) > 10(24) cm(-2), and the former further appears to be one of the nearest X-ray bright, optically-normal galaxies. Conclusions. With the newly-identified sources, the number of heavily-obscured (N(H) greater than or similar to 10(24) cm(-2)) AGN detected by INTEGRAL has increased to similar to 10. Therefore, such objects constitute 10-15% of hard X-ray bright, non-blazar AGN in the local Universe. The small ratio (<< 1%) of soft (0.5-8.0 keV) to hard (17-60 keV) band fluxes (Chandra to INTEGRAL) and the non-detection of optical narrow-line emission in some of the Compton-thick AGN in our sample suggests that there is a new class of objects in which the central massive black hole may be surrounded by a geometrically-thick dusty torus with a narrow ionization cone. C1 [Sazonov, S.; Revnivtsev, M.; Churazov, E.; Sunyaev, R.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Munich, Germany. [Sazonov, S.; Revnivtsev, M.; Burenin, R.; Churazov, E.; Sunyaev, R.] Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Forman, W. R.; Murray, S. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sazonov, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85740 Munich, Germany. EM sazonov@mpa-garching.mpg.de RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013; OI Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 487 IS 2 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809528 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335XN UT WOS:000258327900018 ER PT J AU Giacintucci, S Venturi, T Macario, G Dallacasa, D Brunetti, G Markevitch, M Cassano, R Bardelli, S Athreya, R AF Giacintucci, S. Venturi, T. Macario, G. Dallacasa, D. Brunetti, G. Markevitch, M. Cassano, R. Bardelli, S. Athreya, R. TI Shock acceleration as origin of the radio relic in A521? SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radio continuum : galaxies; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual : A521 ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; GALAXY CLUSTERS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; COMA CLUSTER; HALO SURVEY; EMISSION; WAVES; MERGER; SAMPLE AB Aims. We present new high sensitivity observations of the radio relic in A 521 carried out using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope at 327 MHz and with the Very Large Array at 4.9 and 8.5 GHz. Methods. We imaged the relic at these frequencies and carried out a detailed spectral analysis, based on the integrated radio spectrum between 235 MHz and 4.9 GHz, and on the spectral index image in the frequency range 327-610 MHz. In our present analysis we use our new GMRT observations in addition to proprietary and archival data. We search for a possible shock front co-located with the relic on a short archival Chandra X-ray observation of the cluster. Results. The integrated spectrum of the relic is consistent with a single power law; the spectral index image shows a clear trend of steepening going from the outer portion of the relic toward the cluster centre. We discuss the origin of the source in the light of theoretical models for the formation of cluster radio relics. Our results on the spectral properties of the relic are consistent with acceleration of relativistic electrons by a shock in the intracluster medium. This scenario is supported by our detection of an X-ray surface brightness edge coincident with the outer border of the radio relic. This edge is probably a shock front. C1 [Giacintucci, S.; Venturi, T.; Macario, G.; Dallacasa, D.; Brunetti, G.; Cassano, R.] INAF, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Giacintucci, S.; Markevitch, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Macario, G.; Dallacasa, D.; Cassano, R.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Bardelli, S.] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Athreya, R.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. RP Giacintucci, S (reprint author), INAF, Ist Radioastron, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM sgiaci_s@ira.inaf.it RI Bardelli, Sandro/O-9369-2015; OI Bardelli, Sandro/0000-0002-8900-0298; Cassano, Rossella/0000-0003-4046-0637; Venturi, Tiziana/0000-0002-8476-6307; Brunetti, Gianfranco/0000-0003-4195-8613 NR 42 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 486 IS 2 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809459 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 324XD UT WOS:000257551800005 ER PT J AU Bean, JL Benedict, GF Charbonneau, D Homeier, D Taylor, DC McArthur, B Seifahrt, A Dreizler, S Reiners, A AF Bean, J. L. Benedict, G. F. Charbonneau, D. Homeier, D. Taylor, D. C. McArthur, B. Seifahrt, A. Dreizler, S. Reiners, A. TI A Hubble Space Telescope transit light curve for GJ 436b SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE techniques : photometric; eclipses; stars : individual : GJ 436; stars : planetary systems ID EXTRASOLAR PLANET ATMOSPHERE; NEPTUNE-MASS PLANET; M-DWARF GJ-436; HD 189733B; SPITZER; RADIUS; PHOTOMETRY; COMPANION; URANUS AB We present time series photometry for six partial transits of GJ 436b obtained with the Fine Guidance Sensor instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Our analysis of these data yields independent estimates of the host star's radius R-* = 0.505(-0.029) (+0.020) R-circle dot, and the planet's orbital period P = 2.643882(-0.000058)(+0.000060) d, orbital inclination i = 85.80 degrees(-0.25 degrees),(+ 0.21 degrees), mean central transit time T-c = 2 454 455.279241(-0.00025)(+0.00026) HJD, and radius Rp = 4.90(-0.33)(+ 0.45) R-circle plus. The radius we determine for the planet is larger than the previous findings from analyses of an infrared light curve obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Although this discrepancy has a 92% formal significance (1.7s), it might be indicative of systematic errors that still influence the analyses of even the highest-precision transit light curves. Comparisons of all the measured radii to theoretical models suggest that GJ 436b has a H/ He envelope of similar to 10% by mass. We point out the similarities in structure between this planet and Uranus and Neptune and discuss possible parallels between these planets' formation environments and dynamical evolution. We also find that the transit times for GJ 436b are constant to within 10s over the 11 planetary orbits that the HST data span. However, the ensemble of published values exhibits a long-term drift and our mean transit time is 128 s later than that expected from the Spitzer ephemeris. The sparseness of the currently available data hinders distinguishing between an error in the orbital period or perturbations arising from an additional object in the system as the cause of the apparent trend. Assuming the drift is due to an error in the orbital period we obtain an improved estimate for it of P = 2.643904 +/- 0.000005 d. This value and our measured transit times will serve as important benchmarks in future studies of the GJ 436 system. C1 [Bean, J. L.; Homeier, D.; Seifahrt, A.; Dreizler, S.; Reiners, A.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Benedict, G. F.; McArthur, B.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Charbonneau, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Taylor, D. C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Bean, JL (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Astrophys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM bean@astro.physik.uni-goettingen.de OI Homeier, Derek/0000-0002-8546-9128 NR 35 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 486 IS 3 BP 1039 EP 1046 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200810013 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335XF UT WOS:000258326500046 ER PT J AU Blondin, S Davis, TM Krisciunas, K Schmidt, BP Sollerman, J Wood-Vasey, WM Becker, AC Challis, P Clocchiatti, A Damke, G Filippenko, AV Foley, RJ Garnavich, PM Jha, SW Kirshner, RP Leibundgut, B Li, W Matheson, T Miknaitis, G Narayan, G Pignata, G Rest, A Riess, AG Silverman, JM Smith, RC Spyromilio, J Stritzinger, M Stubbs, CW Suntzeff, NB Tonry, JL Tucker, BE Zenteno, A AF Blondin, S. Davis, T. M. Krisciunas, K. Schmidt, B. P. Sollerman, J. Wood-Vasey, W. M. Becker, A. C. Challis, P. Clocchiatti, A. Damke, G. Filippenko, A. V. Foley, R. J. Garnavich, P. M. Jha, S. W. Kirshner, R. P. Leibundgut, B. Li, W. Matheson, T. Miknaitis, G. Narayan, G. Pignata, G. Rest, A. Riess, A. G. Silverman, J. M. Smith, R. C. Spyromilio, J. Stritzinger, M. Stubbs, C. W. Suntzeff, N. B. Tonry, J. L. Tucker, B. E. Zenteno, A. TI Time dilation in type Ia supernova spectra at high redshift SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : miscellaneous; supernovae : general ID LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; WORLD-STRUCTURE; ABUNDANCE STRATIFICATION; LEGACY SURVEY; RISE-TIME; SPECTROSCOPY; KINEMATICS; MAGNITUDES; EVOLUTION; MODELS AB We present multiepoch spectra of 13 high-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) drawn from the literature, the ESSENCE and SNLS projects, and our own separate dedicated program on the ESO Very Large Telescope. We use the Supernova Identification (SNID) code of Blondin and Tonry to determine the spectral ages in the supernova rest frame. Comparison with the observed elapsed time yields an apparent aging rate consistent with the 1/(1+z) factor (where z is the redshift) expected in a homogeneous, isotropic, expanding universe. These measurements thus confirm the expansion hypothesis, while unambiguously excluding models that predict no time dilation, such as Zwicky's "tired light'' hypothesis. We also test for power-law dependencies of the aging rate on redshift. The best-fit exponent for these models is consistent with the expected 1/(1+z) factor. C1 [Blondin, S.; Wood-Vasey, W. M.; Challis, P.; Kirshner, R. P.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Davis, T. M.; Sollerman, J.; Stritzinger, M.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Davis, T. M.] Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Krisciunas, K.; Suntzeff, N. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Schmidt, B. P.; Tucker, B. E.] Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, Australia. [Becker, A. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Clocchiatti, A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Damke, G.; Rest, A.; Smith, R. C.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Filippenko, A. V.; Foley, R. J.; Li, W.; Silverman, J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Garnavich, P. M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Jha, S. W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Leibundgut, B.; Spyromilio, J.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Matheson, T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Miknaitis, G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Narayan, G.; Rest, A.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pignata, G.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Riess, A. G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Riess, A. G.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stritzinger, M.] Camegie Observ, Las Campanas Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Tonry, J. L.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Zenteno, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Blondin, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sblondin@cfa.harvard.edu RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Davis, Tamara/A-4280-2008; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Davis, Tamara/0000-0002-4213-8783; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287 NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 724 EP 736 DI 10.1086/589568 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100003 ER PT J AU Bolton, AS Burles, S Koopmans, LVE Treu, T Gavazzi, R Moustakas, LA Wayth, R Schlegel, DJ AF Bolton, Adam S. Burles, Scott Koopmans, Leon V. E. Treu, Tommaso Gavazzi, Raphael Moustakas, Leonidas A. Wayth, Randall Schlegel, David J. TI The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. V. The full ACS strong-lens sample SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; gravitational lensing; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; FIELD ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; LUMINOUS RED GALAXY; CLUSTER CL 1358+62; 3RD DATA RELEASE; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; EINSTEIN RING; INTERMEDIATE-REDSHIFT AB We present the definitive data for the full sample of 131 strong gravitational lens candidates observed with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope by the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey. All targets were selected for higher redshift emission lines and lower redshift continuum in a single Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectrum. The foreground galaxies are primarily of early-type morphology, with redshifts from z similar or equal to 0.05 to 0.5 and velocity dispersions from sigma similar or equal to 160 to 400 km s(-1); the faint background emission-line galaxies have redshifts ranging from z similar or equal to 0.2 to 1.2. We confirm 70 systems showing clear evidence of multiple imaging of the background galaxy by the foreground galaxy, as well as an additional 19 systems with probable multiple imaging. For 63 clear lensing systems, we present singular isothermal ellipsoid and light-traces-mass gravitational lens models fitted to the ACS imaging data. These strong-lensing mass measurements are supplemented by magnitudes and effective radii measured from ACS surface brightness photometry and redshifts and velocity dispersions measured from SDSS spectroscopy. These data constitute a unique resource for the quantitative study of the interrelations between mass, light, and kinematics in massive early-type galaxies. We show that the SLACS lens sample is statistically consistent with being drawn at random from a parent sample of SDSS galaxies with comparable spectroscopic parameters and effective radii, suggesting that the results of SLACS analyses can be generalized to the massive early-type population. C1 [Bolton, Adam S.; Wayth, Randall] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Koopmans, Leon V. E.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Treu, Tommaso; Gavazzi, Raphael] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Gavazzi, Raphael] CNRS, Inst Astrophys, UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Gavazzi, Raphael] Univ Paris 06, F-75014 Paris, France. [Moustakas, Leonidas A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Schlegel, David J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bolton@ifa.hawaii.edu; burles@mit.edu; koopmans@astro.rug.nl; tt@physics.ucsb.edu; gavazzi@iap.fr; leonidas@jpl.nasa.gov; rwayth@cfa.harvard.edu; djschlegel@lbl.gov RI Wayth, Randall/B-2444-2013; OI Wayth, Randall/0000-0002-6995-4131; Moustakas, Leonidas/0000-0003-3030-2360 NR 81 TC 169 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 964 EP 984 DI 10.1086/589327 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100022 ER PT J AU Wuyts, S Labbe, I Schreiber, NMF Franx, M Rudnick, G Brammer, GB van Dokkum, PG AF Wuyts, Stijn Labbe, Ivo Schreiber, Natascha M. Foerster Franx, Marijn Rudnick, Gregory Brammer, Gabriel B. van Dokkum, Pieter G. TI Fireworks U-38-to-24 mu m photometry of the goods Chandra Deep Field-South: Multiwavelength catalog and total infrared properties of distant K-s-selected galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : high-redshift; infrared : galaxies ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; STELLAR MASS DENSITY; ESO IMAGING SURVEY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; OPTICAL LUMINOSITY DENSITY; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; EXTREMELY RED GALAXIES; MUSIC SAMPLE; MULTICOLOR CATALOG; STARBURST GALAXIES AB We present a K-s-selected catalog, dubbed FIREWORKS, for the Chandra Deep Field-South ( CDF-S) containing photometry in the U-38, B-435, B, V, V-606, R, i(775), I, z(850), J, H, K-s, [3.6 mu m], [4.5 mu m], [5.8 mu m], [8.0 mu m], and MIPS [24 mu m] bands. The imaging has a typical K-s,AB(tot) limit of 24.3 mag ( 5 sigma) and coverage over 113 arcmin(2) in all bands and 138 arcmin(2) in all bands but H. We cross-correlate our catalog with the 1 Ms X-ray catalog by Giacconi et al. ( 2002) and with all available spectroscopic redshifts to date. We find and explain systematic differences in a comparison with the "z(850) + K-s''-selected GOODS-MUSIC catalog that covers similar to 90% of the field. We exploit the U-38-to-24 mu m photometry to determine which K-s-selected galaxies at 1.5 < z < 2.5 have the brightest total IR luminosities and which galaxies contribute most to the integrated total IR emission. The answer to both questions is that red galaxies are dominating in the IR. This is true no matter whether color is defined in the rest-frame UV, optical, or optical-near-IR. We do find, however, that among the reddest galaxies in the rest-frame optical, there is a population of sources with only little mid-IR emission, suggesting a quiescent nature. C1 [Wuyts, Stijn] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wuyts, Stijn; Franx, Marijn] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Labbe, Ivo] Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Schreiber, Natascha M. Foerster] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Rudnick, Gregory] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Brammer, Gabriel B.; van Dokkum, Pieter G.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Wuyts, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 69 TC 188 Z9 189 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 985 EP 1003 DI 10.1086/588749 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100023 ER PT J AU Reid, MJ Broderick, AE Loeb, A Honma, M Brunthaler, A AF Reid, Mark J. Broderick, Avery E. Loeb, Abraham Honma, Mareki Brunthaler, Andreas TI Limits on the position wander of Sgr A* SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; astrometry; black hole physics; Galaxy : center; gravitational lensing; instrumentation : high angular resolution ID BLACK-HOLE HORIZON; SAGITTARIUS-A; GALACTIC-CENTER; ACCRETION FLOW; RADIO; GALAXY; STAR AB We present measurements with the Very Long Baseline Array of the variability in the centroid position of Sgr A* relative to a background quasar at 7 mm wavelength. We find an average centroid wander of 71 +/- 45 mu as for timescales between 50 and 100 minutes and 113 +/- 50 mu as for timescales between 100 and 200 minutes, with no secular trend. These are sufficient to begin constraining the viability of the accretion hot spot model for the radio variability of Sgr A*. It is possible to rule out hot spots with orbital radii above 15GM(Sgr) (A*)/c(2) that contribute more than 30% of the total 7 mm flux. However, closer or less luminous hot spots remain unconstrained. Since the fractional variability of Sgr A* during our observations was similar to 20% on timescales of hours, the hot spot model for Sgr A*'s radio variability remains consistent with these limits. Improved monitoring of Sgr A*'s centroid position has the potential to place significant constraints on the existence and morphology of inhomogeneities in a supermassive black hole accretion flow. C1 [Reid, Mark J.; Broderick, Avery E.; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Broderick, Avery E.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Honma, Mareki] NAOJ, Mizusawa VERA Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Brunthaler, Andreas] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Reid, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 1041 EP 1046 DI 10.1086/588603 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100027 ER PT J AU Cerrigone, L Hora, JL Umana, G Trigilio, C AF Cerrigone, Luciano Hora, Joseph L. Umana, Grazia Trigilio, Corrado TI IC 4406: A radio-infrared view SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; planetary nebulae : individual (IC 4406); radio continuum : stars ID SOUTHERN PLANETARY-NEBULAE; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; PREPLANETARY NEBULA; IC 4406; EMISSION; STARS; SKY AB IC 4406 is a large (about 100 '' x 30 '') southern bipolar planetary nebula composed of two elongated lobes extending from a bright central region where there is evidence for the presence of a large torus of gas and dust. We show new observations of this source performed with IRAC (Spitzer Space Telescope) and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The radio maps show that the flux from the ionized gas is concentrated in the bright central region and originates in a clumpy structure previously observed in H alpha, while in the infrared images filaments and clumps can be seen in the extended nebular envelope, the central region showing toroidal emission. Modeling of the infrared emission leads to the conclusion that several dust components are present in the nebula. C1 [Cerrigone, Luciano; Hora, Joseph L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cerrigone, Luciano] Univ Catania, Catania, Italy. [Umana, Grazia; Trigilio, Corrado] INAF, Catania Astrophys Observ, Catania, Italy. RP Cerrigone, L (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 1047 EP 1054 DI 10.1086/589228 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100028 ER PT J AU Broderick, AE Narayan, R Keto, E Lada, CJ AF Broderick, Avery E. Narayan, Ramesh Keto, Eric Lada, Charles J. TI The damping rates of embedded oscillating starless cores SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; ISM : clouds; ISM : globules; stars : formation ID PRE-PROTOSTELLAR CORES; DARK CLOUDS; DENSE CORES; INFALL MOTIONS; COLLAPSE CANDIDATES; CONTINUUM EMISSION; INITIAL CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; DYNAMICAL STATE; BOK GLOBULES AB In a previous paper we demonstrated that nonradial hydrodynamic oscillations of a thermally supported (Bonnor-Ebert) sphere embedded in a low-density, high-temperature medium persist for many periods. The predicted column density variations and molecular spectral line profiles are similar to those observed in the Bok globule B68, suggesting that the motions in some starless cores may be oscillating perturbations on a thermally supported equilibrium structure. Such oscillations can produce molecular line maps which mimic rotation, collapse, or expansion and, thus, could make determining the dynamical state from such observations alone difficult. However, while B68 is embedded in a very hot, low-density medium, many starless cores are not, having interior/exterior density contrasts closer to unity. In this paper we investigate the oscillation damping rate as a function of the exterior density. For concreteness we use the same interior model employed by Broderick et al., with varying models for the exterior gas. We also develop a simple analytical formalism, based on the linear perturbation analysis of the oscillations, which predicts the contribution to the damping rates due to the excitation of sound waves in the external medium. We find that the damping rate of oscillations on globules in dense molecular environments is always many periods, corresponding to hundreds of thousands of years and persisting over the inferred lifetimes of the globules. C1 [Broderick, Avery E.; Narayan, Ramesh; Keto, Eric; Lada, Charles J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Broderick, AE (reprint author), Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. EM aeb@cita.utoronto.ca; rnarayan@cfa.harvard.edu; keto@cfa.harvard.edu; clada@cfa.harvard.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 1095 EP 1102 DI 10.1086/589178 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100034 ER PT J AU Kennedy, GM Kenyon, SJ AF Kennedy, Grant M. Kenyon, Scott J. TI Planet formation around stars of various masses: Hot super-Earths SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems : formation; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks ID CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST DISKS; EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; OLIGARCHIC GROWTH; DETERMINISTIC MODEL; I MIGRATION; PROTOPLANETARY CORES; ORBITAL EVOLUTION; OCEAN-PLANETS AB We consider trends resulting from two formation mechanisms for short-period super-Earths: planet-planet scattering and migration. We model scenarios where these planets originate near the snow line in "cold-finger'' circumstellar disks. Low-mass planet-planet scattering excites planets to low-periastron orbits only for lower mass stars. With long circularization times, these planets reside on long-period eccentric orbits. Closer formation regions mean planets that reach short-period orbits by migration are most common around low-mass stars. Above similar to 1 M-circle plus, planets massive enough to migrate to close-in orbits before the gas disk dissipates are above the critical mass for gas giant formation. Thus, there is an upper stellar mass limit for short-period super-Earths that form by migration. If disk masses are distributed as a power law, planet frequency increases with metallicity because most disks have low masses. For disk masses distributed around a relatively high mass, planet frequency decreases with increasing metallicity. As icy planets migrate, they shepherd interior objects toward the star, which grow to similar to 1 M-circle plus. In contrast to icy migrators, surviving shepherded planets are rocky. On reaching short-period orbits, planets are subject to evaporation processes. The closest planets may be reduced to rocky or icy cores. Low-mass stars have lower EUV luminosities, so the level of evaporation decreases with decreasing stellar mass. C1 [Kennedy, Grant M.] Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Kenyon, Scott J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kennedy, GM (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. EM grant@mso.anu.edu.au; kenyon@cfa.harvard.edu OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X; Kennedy, Grant/0000-0001-6831-7547 NR 81 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 1264 EP 1276 DI 10.1086/589436 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100050 ER PT J AU Shu, FH Lizano, S Galli, D Cai, MJ Mohanty, S AF Shu, Frank H. Lizano, Susana Galli, Daniele Cai, Mike J. Mohanty, Subhanjoy TI The challenge of sub-Keplerian rotation for disk winds SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; ISM : jets and outflows; stars : pre-main-sequence ID ACCRETION-EJECTION STRUCTURES; MAGNETICALLY-DRIVEN JETS; STELLAR; FLOWS AB Strong magnetization makes the disks surrounding young stellar objects rotate at rates that are too sub-Keplerian to enable the thermal launching of disk winds from their surfaces unless the rate of gas diffusion across field lines is dynamically fast. This underappreciated implication of disk magnetization poses a considerable challenge for disk-wind theory. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lizano, Susana] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CRyA, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. [Galli, Daniele] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Cai, Mike J.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Mohanty, Subhanjoy] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shu, FH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM fshu@physics.ucsd.edu FU Physics Department of UCSD; CONACyT [48901]; PAPIIT-UNAM [IN106107]; EC [MRTN-CT-2006-035890]; NSC; Spitzer FX We thank Sylvie Cabrit, Jonathan Ferreira, Al Glassgold, Arieh Konigl, Raquel Salmeron, and Mark Wardle for comments that improved the presentation of the Letter. F. S. acknowledges support from the Physics Department of UCSD, S. L. from CONACyT 48901 and PAPIIT-UNAM IN106107, D. G. from INAF-OAA and EC grant MRTN-CT-2006-035890, M. C. from a grant from the NSC to TIARA, and S. M. from a Spitzer Fellowship. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP L121 EP L124 DI 10.1086/591028 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 340BK UT WOS:000258620900013 ER PT J AU Barmby, P Huang, JS Ashby, MLN Eisenhardt, PRM Fazio, GG Willner, SP Wright, EL AF Barmby, P. Huang, J. -S. Ashby, M. L. N. Eisenhardt, P. R. M. Fazio, G. G. Willner, S. P. Wright, E. L. TI A CATALOG OF MID-INFRARED SOURCES IN THE EXTENDED GROTH STRIP SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies: high-redshift; infrared: galaxies; surveys ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; DEEP-FIELD-SOUTH; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; SCUBA GALAXIES AB The Extended Groth Strip (EGS) is one of the premier fields for extragalactic deep surveys. Deep observations of the EGS with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on the Spitzer Space Telescope cover an area of 0.38 deg(2) to a 50% completeness limit of 1.5 mu Jy at 3.6 mu m. The catalog comprises 57,434 objects detected at 3.6 mu m, with 84%, 28%, and 24% also detected at 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 mu m, respectively. Number counts are consistent with results from other Spitzer surveys. Color distributions show that the EGS IRAC sources comprise a mixture of populations: low-redshift star-forming galaxies, quiescent galaxies dominated by stellar emission at a range of redshifts, and high-redshift galaxies and AGNs. C1 [Barmby, P.; Huang, J. -S.; Ashby, M. L. N.; Fazio, G. G.; Willner, S. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Eisenhardt, P. R. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wright, E. L.] UCLA Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Barmby, P (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. EM pbarmby@uwo.ca RI Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016 OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090 FU NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech FX We thank the referee for a thorough review which pointed out several important issues. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. NR 41 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 177 IS 2 BP 431 EP 445 DI 10.1086/588583 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 400IS UT WOS:000262861900002 ER PT J AU Shcherbakov, RV AF Shcherbakov, Roman V. TI SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC ACCRETION FLOWS: MINIMAL MODEL WITH MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; Galaxy: center; MHD; turbulence ID SGR-A-ASTERISK; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; SAGITTARIUS-A; BLACK-HOLES; GALACTIC-CENTER; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; STELLAR WINDS; SIMULATIONS; CONVECTION AB The first spherical accretion model was developed 55 years ago, but the theory is still far from being complete. The real accretion flow was found to be time dependent and turbulent. This paper presents the minimal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) spherical accretion model that separately deals with turbulence. Treatment of turbulence is based on simulations of several regimes of collisional MHD. The effects of freezing-in amplification, dissipation, dynamo action, isotropization, and constant magnetic helicity are self-consistently included. The assumptions of equipartition and magnetic field-isotropy are released. The correct dynamics of magnetized flow is calculated. Diffusion, convection, and radiation are not accounted for. Two different types of radiatively inefficient accretion flows are found: (1) a transonic nonrotating flow and (2) a flow with effective transport of angular momentum outward. The nonrotating flow has an accretion rate several times smaller than Bondi rate, because turbulence inhibits accretion. The flow with angular momentum transport has an accretion rate about 10-100 times smaller than the Bondi rate. The effects of highly helical turbulence, states of outer magnetization, and different equations of state are discussed. The flows were found to be convectively stable on average, despite the fact that gas entropy increases inward. The proposed model has a small number of free parameters and the following attractive property. Inner density in the nonrotating magnetized flow was found to be several times lower than density in a nonmagnetized accretion. However, a density that is several times lower is still required to explain the observed low infrared luminosity and low Faraday rotation measure of accretion onto Sgr A*. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shcherbakov, RV (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rshcherbakov@cfa.harvard.edu NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 177 IS 2 BP 493 EP 514 DI 10.1086/588609 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 400IS UT WOS:000262861900005 ER PT J AU Merin, B Jorgensen, J Spezzi, L Alcala, JM Evans, NJ Harvey, PM Prusti, T Chapman, N Huard, T Van Dishoeck, EF Comeron, F AF Merin, Bruno Jorgensen, Jes Spezzi, Loredana Alcala, Juan M. Evans, Neal J., II Harvey, Paul M. Prusti, Timo Chapman, Nicholas Huard, Tracy Van Dishoeck, Ewine F. Comeron, Fernando TI THE SPITZER c2d SURVEY OF LARGE, NEARBY, INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS. XI. LUPUS OBSERVED WITH IRAC AND MIPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE infrared: general; ISM: individual (Lupus I, Lupus III, Lupus IV); stars: formation; stars: pre-main-sequence ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; SOUTHERN DARK CLOUDS; HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; SPACE-TELESCOPE; BROWN DWARFS AB We present c2d Spitzer IRAC observations of the Lupus I, III, and IV dark clouds and discuss them in combination with optical, near-infrared, and c2d MIPS data. With the Spitzer data, the new sample contains 159 stars, 4 times larger than the previous one. It is dominated by low- and very low mass stars, and it is complete down to M approximate to 0.1 M-circle dot. We find 30%-40% binaries with separations between 100 and 2000 AU with no apparent effect on the disk properties of the members. A large majority of the objects are Class II or III objects, with only 20 (12%) Class I or flat-spectrum sources. The disk sample is complete down to "debris" -like systems in stars as small as M approximate to 0.2 M-circle dot and includes substellar objects with larger IR excesses. The disk fraction in Lupus is 70%-80%, consistent with an age of 1-2 Myr. However, the young population contains 20% optically thick accretion disks and 40% relatively less flared disks. A growing variety of inner disk structures is found for larger inner disk clearings for equal disk masses. Lupus III is themost centrally populated and rich, followed by Lupus I with a filamentary structure and by Lupus IV, where a very high density core with little star formation activity has been found. We estimate star formation rates in Lupus of 2-10 M-circle dot Myr(-1) and star formation efficiencies of a few percent, apparently correlated with the associated cloud masses. C1 [Merin, Bruno; Prusti, Timo] European Space Agcy ESTEC, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Merin, Bruno; Van Dishoeck, Ewine F.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Jorgensen, Jes] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Spezzi, Loredana; Alcala, Juan M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Capodimonte, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Evans, Neal J., II; Harvey, Paul M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Chapman, Nicholas] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Huard, Tracy] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Comeron, Fernando] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Merin, B (reprint author), European Space Agcy ESTEC, Res & Sci Support Dept, POB 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. OI Alcala, Juan Manuel/0000-0001-8657-095X; Merin, Bruno/0000-0002-8555-3012 FU NASA [1256316, 1224608, 1230780, 1407]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; NWO Spinoza; European Research Training Network [HPRN-CT-2002-00308] FX Support for this work, part of the Spitzer Space Telescope Legacy Science Program, was provided by NASA through contract numbers 1256316, 1224608, and 1230780 issued by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under NASA contract 1407. Astrochemistry at Leiden is supported by a NWO Spinoza and NOVA grant and by the European Research Training Network "The Origin of Planetary Systems'' (PLANETS; contract number HPRN-CT-2002-00308). B. M. thanks the Fundacion Ramon Areces for early financial support. The authors would like to thank the referee for very good suggestions on the structure and contents of the paper, to E. Solano and R. Gutierrez from the Spanish Virtual Observatory at LAEFF for providing easy automatic access to ancillary Vizier data for the sample, and to Jennifer Hatchell for providing very detailed comments. NR 85 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 177 IS 2 BP 551 EP 583 DI 10.1086/588042 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 400IS UT WOS:000262861900008 ER PT J AU Santagata, S AF Santagata, Scott TI Evolutionary and structural diversification of the larval nervous system among marine bryozoans SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PHORONIS-PALLIDA PHORONIDA; WATERSIPORA-ARCUATA CHEILOSTOMATA; BUGULA-NERITINA BRYOZOA; MEMBRANIPORA-MEMBRANACEA; INVERTEBRATE LARVAE; CYPHONAUTES LARVA; APICAL GANGLION; CILIARY FIELDS; PYRIFORM ORGAN; SENSORY ORGANS AB Regardless of the morphological divergence among larval forms of marine bryozoans, file larval nervous system and its major effector organs (Musculature and ciliary fields) are largely molded on the basis Of functional demands of feeding, ciliary propulsion, phototactic behaviors, and substrate exploration. Previously published ultrastructural information and immunohistochemical reconstructions presented here indicate that neuronal pathways are largely ipsilateral, with more complex synaptic connections localized within the nerve nodule. Multiciliated sensory-motor neurons diversify structurally and functionally oil the basis of their position along the axis of swimming largely due to the functional demands of photoklinotaxis and substrate exploration. Vesiculariform, buguliform, and ascophoran coronate larvae all have patches of sensory neurons bordering the pyriform organ's ciliated groove (juxtapapillary cells and border cells) that are active during substrate selection. Despite their simplified form, cyclostome larvae maintain swimming and probing behaviors with sensory-motor systems functionally similar to those of some parenchymella and planula larval types. Considering the evolutionary relationships among the morphological grades of marine bryozoans, particular lineages within the gymnolaemates have independently evolved larval traits that convey a greater range of sensory abilities and increased propulsive capacity. The larval nervous system of bryozoans may be evolutionarily derived from the pretrochal region of a trochophore-like larval form. C1 [Santagata, Scott] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Santagata, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Marine Invas Lab, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM scott.santagata@gmail.com FU Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Florida [726] FX This research was funded by a Smithsonian post-doctoral fellowship granted to the author and is contribution number 726 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Florida. NR 74 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 215 IS 1 BP 3 EP 23 PG 21 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 343HW UT WOS:000258845100002 PM 18723633 ER PT J AU Gillespie, LJ Soreng, RJ Bull, RD Jacobs, SWL Refulio-Rodriguez, NF AF Gillespie, Lynn J. Soreng, Robert J. Bull, Roger D. Jacobs, Surrey W. L. Refulio-Rodriguez, Nancy F. TI Phylogenetic relationships in subtribe Poinae (Poaceae, Poeae) based on nuclear ITS and plastid trnT-trnL-trnF sequences SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE DNA; hybridization; phylogeny; poa; poaceae; poeae ID RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION; CHLOROPLAST-DNA; MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS; SUBFAMILY POOIDEAE; GRASSES POACEAE; TRIBE AVENEAE; F SEQUENCES; POA POACEAE; CLASSIFICATION; GRAMINEAE AB The worldwide temperate subtribe Poinae comprises the largest grass genus. Poo (500+ species), and Multiple additional small genera. We explore generic boundaries and relationships among genera of Poinae using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer data (ITS) and plastid trnT-trnL-trnF (TLF) sequence data. ITS and TLF analyses are mostly congruent with regards to circumscription of genera, and with respect to relationships among Poinae genera. but tree structure is generally better supported among genera in the ITS strict consensus tree. ITS and TLF both Support two main Poinae lineages: (i) Poo and (ii) a clade comprising all other sampled Poinae. Nine small genera were nested within the large Poo clade, including Aphanelytrum. Dissanthelium, and Tovarochloa. supporting inclusion of these as sections within Poo. In the second clade, three subclades support close relationships among Nicoraepoa, Hookerochloa. and Arctagrostis; Arctophila and Dupontia: and Apera, Bellardiochloa. and Ventenata. Genera of the related subtribes Alopecurinae, Cinninae. and Miliinae were mixed among or in Part external to Poinae in different ways in ITS and TLF analyses. and only subtribe Puccinelliinae was strongly supported and monophyletic. ITS analyses Supported placement of Catabrosella, Hyalopoa, and Paracolpodium in Puccinelliinae (no TLF data available). The position of Poo subgenus Arctopoa is inconguent between the two analyses: TLF data Support inclusion within Poo and ITS data place it outside of Poo. Similarly. TLF data resolves the genus Aniselytron Outside of Poo. whereas ITS data place it within Poo. Based oil these results and a consideration of morphology, we recognize Arctopoa and Aniselytron its genera, probably of ancient hybrid origins. Nothogenus x Duarctopoa is coined for Arctopoa x Dupontia. with a single nothospecies x Duarctopoa labradorica. A new combination is provided for Poo subg. Sylvestres. C1 [Gillespie, Lynn J.; Bull, Roger D.] Canadian Museum Nat, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. [Soreng, Robert J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Jacobs, Surrey W. L.] Royal Bot Gardens, Natl Herbarium, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. [Refulio-Rodriguez, Nancy F.] Rancho Santa Ana Bot Garden, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Gillespie, LJ (reprint author), Canadian Museum Nat, POB 3443,Stn D, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. EM lgillespie@mus-nature.ca FU Smithsonian Institution; Canadian Museum of Nature FX We gratefully acknowledge the following people for providing silica-gel dried leaf samples: Marina Olonova; Paul Peterson; and Francoise Hennion (for sub-Antarctic island Poa species). We thank the following colleagues for kindly providing sequences: Alejo Quintanar and colleagues for Avenula, Ventenata and other ITS and TLF sequences; Ma Hai-Ying for an Aniselytron treutleri LLF sequence; Jeff Saarela for an Aphanelytrum ITS sequence; Daniel Stancik for an Aphanelytrum LLF sequence; and R.C. Gardner, J. Keeling, P.J. de Lange, S.D. Wright, and E.K. Cameron for an unpublished GenBank ITS sequence of Poa ramosissima. Jerry Davis is thanked for providing several DNA samples. Toby Kellogg and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments. The fieldwork of Peterson and some of that of Soreng was funded by grants from the Smithsonian Institution. Molecular and field research of Gillespie was funded by grants from the Canadian Museum of Nature. NR 74 TC 27 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 EI 1916-2804 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD AUG PY 2008 VL 86 IS 8 BP 938 EP 967 DI 10.1139/B08-076 PG 30 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 348EM UT WOS:000259193800013 ER PT J AU Assefa, Z Lam, YM Mienis, HK AF Assefa, Zelalem Lam, Y. M. Mienis, Henk K. TI Symbolic Use of Terrestrial Gastropod Opercula during the Middle Stone Age at Porc-Epic Cave, Ethiopia SO CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODERN HUMAN-BEHAVIOR; SHELL BEADS; OBSIDIAN ARTIFACTS; LAND-SNAILS; AFRICA; ORIGIN; PROVENANCE; CARBONATE; LIMESTONE; OBJECTS AB The Middle Stone Age site of Porc-Epic in southeastern Ethiopia has produced hundreds of opercula of the terrestrial gastropod Revoilia guillainopsis. Each of these opercula has a central perforation, and the unbroken specimens resemble disc beads. Microscopic examination could not unequivocally confirm their manufacture or use as beads. Their archaeological context indicates that their presence at the site was not the result of natural processes. Direct accelerator mass spectrometry dating of three opercula from different stratigraphic levels has produced ages ranging from about 33,000 to more than 43,000 years old. The opercula do not represent human food refuse but appear to have been collected by the Middle Stone Age occupants of the site for symbolic reasons. C1 [Assefa, Zelalem] Smithsonian Inst, Archaeobiol Lab, MRC 534, Museum Support Ctr,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Anthropol, Victoria, BC V8W 3P5, Canada. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Evolut Systemat & Ecol, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Assefa, Z (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Archaeobiol Lab, MRC 534, Museum Support Ctr,Natl Museum Nat Hist, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM assefaz@si.edu NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0011-3204 J9 CURR ANTHROPOL JI Curr. Anthropol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 49 IS 4 BP 746 EP 756 DI 10.1086/589509 PG 11 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 359FC UT WOS:000259970800015 ER PT J AU Uhen, MD Berndt, HJ AF Uhen, Mark D. Berndt, Hans-Juergen TI First record of the archaeocete whale family Protocetidae from Europe SO FOSSIL RECORD LA English DT Article DE Cetacea; Germany; Eocetus; Middle Eocene ID MIDDLE EOCENE; MAMMALIA; CETACEA; CAROLINA AB We describe a specimen of Eocetus sp. from the middle Eocene Stockletten Formation of Rohrdorf, Bavaria, Germany, consisting of a lumbar vertebral body and transverse processes. This specimen constitutes the first record of Eocetus, and the first confirmed record of the family Protocetidae from Europe. This new observation further supports the hypothesis that protocetids were highly aquatic and that their method of aquatic locomotion was sufficient for them to spread far from their center of origin in Indo-Pakistan. C1 [Uhen, Mark D.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Uhen, MD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM uhenm@si.edu; berndt99@t-online.de NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1435-1943 J9 FOSS REC JI Foss. Rec. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1002/mmng.200800001 PG 4 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 399EN UT WOS:000262783300001 ER PT J AU Stanley, JD Jorstad, TF Bernasconi, MP Stanford, D Jodry, M AF Stanley, Jean-Daniel Jorstad, Thomas F. Bernasconi, Maria Pia Stanford, Dennis Jodry, Margaret TI Predynastic human presence discovered by core drilling at the northern Nile delta coast, Egypt SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Burullus lagoon; manuport; dolomite; AVIS dating; wetland setting AB A small but significant find made during a geological survey provides evidence of the oldest human presence yet discovered along the northernmost margin of Egypt's Nile delta. A manuport, a rock fragment carried by human agency to the site, was discovered in a sediment core section north of Burullus lagoon near the Mediterranean coast. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon analysis of plant-rich matter in the mud surrounding the object provides a date calibrated to 3350-3020 B.C., the late Predynastic period. This long thin manuport, formed of dolomite, had not been deposited by the Nile or the sea but was collected and transported from. an outcrop exposure positioned at least 160 km south of the core site. The fragile manuport, used for an undetermined function, lay buried at a depth of 7.4 m in dark olive gray mud deposited in a shallow brackish lagoon setting close to a marsh. This fortuitous find documents an early human presence in the middle Holocene wetlands along the delta's paleocoast, a sector where traditional excavation and angering are normally incapable of reaching occupation levels or zones of activity at considerable subsurface depths. Core drilling provides a means to help archaeologists locate undetected and potentially important sites. C1 [Stanley, Jean-Daniel; Jorstad, Thomas F.] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Geoarchaeol Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Bernasconi, Maria Pia] Univ Calabria, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Stanford, Dennis; Jodry, Margaret] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Stanley, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Geoarchaeol Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stanleyd@si.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 8 BP 599 EP 602 DI 10.1130/G24803A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 331NA UT WOS:000258017700002 ER PT J AU Punyasena, SW Mayle, FE McElwain, JC AF Punyasena, Surangi W. Mayle, Francis E. McElwain, Jennifer C. TI Quantitative estimates of glacial and Holocene temperature and precipitation change in lowland Amazonian Bolivia SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE late Quaternary; paleoclimate; plant families; kernel density; Bolivia; Noel Kempff Mercado National Park ID MODERN POLLEN-RAIN; QUATERNARY VEGETATION; CLIMATE HISTORY; FORESTS; MAXIMUM; PALEOECOLOGY; CALIBRATION; DYNAMICS; RECORD; BRAZIL AB Quantitative estimates of temperature and precipitation change during the late Pleistocene and Holocene have been difficult to obtain for much of the lowland Neotropics. Using two published lacustrine pollen records and a climate-vegetation model based on the modern abundance distributions of 154 Neotropical plant families, we demonstrate how family-level counts of fossil pollen can be used to quantitatively reconstruct tropical paleoclimate and provide needed information on historic patterns of climatic change. With this family-level analysis, we show that one area of the lowland tropics, northeastern Bolivia, experienced cooling (1-3 degrees C) and drying (400 mm/yr), relative to present, during the late Pleistocene (50,000-12,000 calendar years before present (cal. yr B.P.]). Immediately prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 21,000 cal. yr B.P.), we observe a distinct transition from cooler temperatures and variable precipitation to a period of warmer temperatures and relative dryness that extends to the middle Holocene (50,00-3000 cal. yr B.P.). This prolonged reduction in precipitation occurs against the backdrop of increasing atmospheric CO(2) concentrations, indicating that the presence of mixed savanna and dry-forest communities in northeastern Bolivia durng the LGM was not solely the result of low CO(2) levels, as suggested previously, but also lower precipitation. The results of our analysis demonstrate the potential for using the distribution and abundance structure of modern Neotropical plant families to infer paleoclimate from the fossil pollen record. C1 [Punyasena, Surangi W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archaeol, Panama City, Panama. [Mayle, Francis E.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland. [McElwain, Jennifer C.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Punyasena, SW (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archaeol, POB 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM PunyasetiaS@si.edu RI Punyasena, Surangi/C-9134-2011; OI McElwain, Jennifer/0000-0002-1729-6755 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-8505 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2008 VL 36 IS 8 BP 667 EP 670 DI 10.1130/G24784A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 331NA UT WOS:000258017700019 ER PT J AU Fishbaugh, KE Hvidberg, CS Beaty, D Clifford, S Fisher, D Haldemann, A Head, JW Hecht, M Koutnik, M Tanaka, K Ammann, WJ AF Fishbaugh, K. E. Hvidberg, C. S. Beaty, D. Clifford, S. Fisher, D. Haldemann, A. Head, J. W. Hecht, M. Koutnik, M. Tanaka, K. Ammann, W. J. TI Introduction to the 4th Mars Polar Science and Exploration Conference special issue: Five top questions in Mars polar science SO ICARUS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Mars, polar caps; Mars, polar geology; Mars, climate; ices ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; LOBATE DEBRIS APRONS; GLOBAL SURVEYOR DATA; SURFACE GROUND ICE; LAYERED DEPOSITS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEAR-SURFACE; WATER ICE; GEOLOGIC HISTORY AB As an introduction to this Icarus special issue for the 4th Mars Polar Science and Exploration Conference, we discuss five key questions in Mars polar science, gleaned from plenary discussions and presentations held at the conference. These questions highlight major unknowns in the field. (1) What are the physical characteristics Of the polar layered deposits (PLD), and how are the different geologic units within, beneath, and surrounding the PLD related? (2) How old are the PLD? And what are their glacial, fluvial, depositional and erosional histories? (3) What are the mass and energy budgets of the PLD, and what processes control these budgets on seasonal and longer timescales? (4) What chronology, compositional variability, and record of climatic change is expressed in the stratigraphy of the PLD? (5) How have volatiles and dust been exchanged between polar and non-polar reservoirs? And how has this exchange affected the past and present distribution of surface and subsurface ice? Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Beaty, D.; Haldemann, A.; Hecht, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Fishbaugh, K. E.] ISSI, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Hvidberg, C. S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Clifford, S.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77059 USA. [Fisher, D.] Geol Survey Canada, Glaciol Terrain Sci Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. [Haldemann, A.] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Head, J. W.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Koutnik, M.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Tanaka, K.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ammann, W. J.] Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. RP Fishbaugh, KE (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, MRC 315,601 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM fishbaughke@si.edu RI Hvidberg, Christine/E-8934-2015 OI Hvidberg, Christine/0000-0002-9665-1339 NR 145 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2008 VL 196 IS 2 BP 305 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.05.001 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331TK UT WOS:000258035300001 ER PT J AU Warner, DJ AF Warner, Deborah Jean TI The geometry of power - the power of geometry: Mathematical instruments and princely mechanical devices from around 1600 SO JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Warner, Deborah Jean] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Warner, DJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM warnerd@si.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE HISTORY PUBLICATIONS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 16 RUTHERFORD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 2HH, ENGLAND SN 0021-8286 J9 J HIST ASTRON JI J. Hist. Astron. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 BP 414 EP 415 PN 3 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 330BZ UT WOS:000257915600015 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, Owen TI Complete works of Mikolaj Kopernik SO JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Gingerich, Owen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ginger@cfa.harvard.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE HISTORY PUBLICATIONS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 16 RUTHERFORD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 2HH, ENGLAND SN 0021-8286 J9 J HIST ASTRON JI J. Hist. Astron. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 BP 416 EP 417 PN 3 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 330BZ UT WOS:000257915600016 ER PT J AU Kuzmin, YV Speakman, RJ Glascock, MD Popov, VK Grebennikov, AV Dikova, MA Ptashinsky, AV AF Kuzmin, Yaroslav V. Speakman, Robert J. Glascock, Michael D. Popov, Vladimir K. Grebennikov, Andrei V. Dikova, Margarita A. Ptashinsky, Andrei V. TI Obsidian use at the Ushki Lake complex, Kamchatka Peninsula (Northeastern Siberia): implications for terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene human migrations in Beringia SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE obsidian; human migrations; Beringia; Kamchatka Peninsula; neutron activation analysis ID RUSSIAN FAR-EAST; ARCHAEOLOGY; ALASKA; ZONES; ASIA; ARC AB A study of the movement of people within Northeast Asia at the end of the Pleistocene is critical for understanding how and when some of the first human populations entered North America. Chemical source studies of obsidian may provide the evidence necessary to document people's migrations between these regions. Sixty two obsidian artifacts from the late Pleistocene and Holocene Ushki Lake sites in Kamchatka Peninsula were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Data generated demonstrate that multiple obsidian sources throughout Kamchatka were exploited by the inhabitants of Ushki Lake, and allow us to document long-distance population movements during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. It is reasonable to expect that obsidian from Kamchatka might have been transported to Alaska. This is true for the Chukotka region of Northeastern Siberia; obsidian from Chukotka has been found in late Holocene archaeological sites in Alaska. Ultimately, an expanded study that includes all areas of Northeast Asia and Alaska may provide the data necessary to document the earliest movements of people in these regions. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuzmin, Yaroslav V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Mineral, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Speakman, Robert J.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Glascock, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Popov, Vladimir K.; Grebennikov, Andrei V.] Russian Acad Sci, Far Eastern Geol Inst, Far Eastern Branch, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. [Dikova, Margarita A.] Russian Acad Sci, Far Eastern Branch, NE Multidisciplinary Res Inst, Magadan 685000, Russia. [Ptashinsky, Andrei V.] Kamchatka State Univ, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683032, Russia. RP Kuzmin, YV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Mineral, Siberian Branch, Koptyug Ave 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM kuzmin@fulbrightweb.org RI Grebennikov, Andrei/D-7854-2011; Kuzmin, Yaroslav/A-5286-2014; OI Grebennikov, Andrei/0000-0002-7780-3632; Glascock, Michael D./0000-0003-0686-7556; Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 35 IS 8 BP 2179 EP 2187 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2008.02.001 PG 9 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 321XO UT WOS:000257340000010 ER PT J AU Braun, DR Plummer, T Ditchfield, P Ferraro, JV Maina, D Bishop, LC Potts, R AF Braun, David R. Plummer, Thomas Ditchfield, Peter Ferraro, Joseph V. Maina, David Bishop, Laura C. Potts, Richard TI Oldowan behavior and raw material transport: perspectives from the Kanjera Formation SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Oldowan; stone tools; transport; raw materials; sourcing; ED-XRF; lithic technology ID LATE PLIOCENE; EARLY HOMINIDS; OLDUVAI GORGE; STONE TOOLS; BED-II; KENYA; TECHNOLOGY; EVOLUTION; FLUORESCENCE; ETHIOPIA AB The archaeological record of Oldowan hominins represents a diverse behavioral system. It has been suggested that exploitation of lithic resources by Oldowan hominins was simplistic and represented mostly use of local sources of stone. Here we investigate the raw material selection and transport behaviors of Oldowan hominins reflected in the stone artifact assemblages from the Kanjera South Formation, South Rachuonyo District, Kenya. Using geochemical methods (ED-XRF) artifacts are linked to primary and secondary source outcrops throughout southwestern Kenya. These data show that hominins selected raw materials for transport at frequencies that are significantly different from their availability on ancient landscapes. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of the assemblage represents transport over relatively long distances (> 10 km). Our study further suggests that in the early stages of stone toot use hominins used a wide variety of raw materials and selected these materials at some distance from their eventual discard locations. Early hominin behavior may have incorporated an understanding of raw material source distributions across a more extensive landscape than has been previously documented. This supports the growing perspective that Oldowan technology represents a more complex behavioral pattern than is usually associated with the beginnings of hominin tool use. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Braun, David R.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Archaeol, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Plummer, Thomas] CUNY, Queens Coll, Dept Anthropol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Ditchfield, Peter] Univ Oxford, Archaeol & Hist Art Res Lab, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Plummer, Thomas] New York Consortium Evolutionary Anthropol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Ferraro, Joseph V.] Baylor Univ, Dept Anthropol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Maina, David] Univ Nairobi, Coll Architecture & Engn, Inst Nucl Sci, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bishop, Laura C.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Biol & Earth Sci, Res Ctr Evolutionary Anthropol & Poleoecol, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Potts, Richard] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Potts, Richard] Natl Museums Kenya, Div Paleontol, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. RP Braun, DR (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Archaeol, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM david.braun@uct.ac.za RI Braun, David/C-9680-2009; Davidson, Iain/A-9216-2011; OI Bishop, Laura/0000-0002-4216-8667 NR 83 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 35 IS 8 BP 2329 EP 2345 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2008.03.004 PG 17 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 321XO UT WOS:000257340000024 ER PT J AU Tirelli, T Pessani, D Silvestro, D Tudge, C AF Tirelli, Tina Pessani, Daniela Silvestro, Daniele Tudge, Christopher TI Reproductive biology of Mediterranean hermit crabs: Fine structure of spermatophores and spermatozoa of Diogenes pugilator (Decapoda : Anomura) and its bearing on a sperm phylogeny of Diogenidae SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anomura; Decapoda; Diogenes pugilator; Paguroidea; reproductive biology; reproductive organs; sperm ID CLIBANARIUS-ERYTHROPUS; MATURE SPERMATOZOON; ULTRASTRUCTURE; CRUSTACEA; PAGUROIDEA; COENOBITIDAE AB The spermatophore morphology and spermatozoal ultrastructure of Diogenes pugilator are described. The spermatophore is typically tripartite made up of an ampulla, a very long stalk and a foot. The two halves making up the ampulla meet at a lateral ridge. The sperm is ovoidal in shape and composed of a large, almost cylindrical, acrosome, which occupies most of the cell volume, capped by a conical operculum, and cupped posteriorly by a cytoplasmic region comprising the nucleus and three arms. ne sizes of the different parts of the spermatophore and of the sperm are given and their exterior morphology and ultrastructure described and compared to congeners. The available spermatozoal and spermatophore, data is used to place D. pugilator within a sperm phylogeny of the hermit crab family Diogenidae. C1 [Tudge, Christopher] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Tudge, Christopher] American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Tirelli, Tina; Pessani, Daniela; Silvestro, Daniele] Dipartimento Biol Anim & Uomo, I-10123 Turin, Italy. RP Tudge, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM santina.tirelli@unito.it; ctudge@american.edu RI Silvestro, Daniele/C-7276-2011 NR 66 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 EI 1937-240X J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 534 EP 542 DI 10.1651/07-2956.1 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 329UQ UT WOS:000257896500014 ER PT J AU Tsai, LL Mair, RW Rosen, MS Patz, S Walsworth, RL AF Tsai, L. L. Mair, R. W. Rosen, M. S. Patz, S. Walsworth, R. L. TI An open-access, very-low-field MRI system for posture-dependent He-3 human lung imaging SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE hyperpolarized noble gas; low magnetic field; magnetic resonance imaging; lung imaging; open access ID EMISSION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; HYPERPOLARIZED NOBLE-GASES; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-FAILURE; TO-NOISE RATIO; BODY POSITION; DISEASED LUNGS; PRONE POSITION; AIRWAY-CLOSURE; VENTILATION AB We describe the design and operation of an open-access, very-low-field, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system for in vivo hyperpolarized He-3 imaging of the human lungs. This system permits the study of lung function in both horizontal and upright postures, a capability with important implications in pulmonary physiology and clinical medicine, including asthma and obesity. The imager uses a bi-planar B-0 coil design that produces an optimized 65 G (6.5 mT) magnetic field for He-3 MRI at 210 kHz. Three sets of bi-planar coils produce the x, y. and z magnetic field gradients while providing a 79-cm inter-coil gap for the imaging subject. We use solenoidal Q-spoiled RE coils for operation at low frequencies, and are able to exploit insignificant sample loading to allow for pre-tuning/matching schemes and for accurate pre-calibration of flip angles. We obtain sufficient SNR to acquire 2D He-3 images with up to 2.8 mm resolution, and present initial 2D and 3D He-3 images of human lungs in both supine and upright orientations. H-1 MRI can also be performed for diagnostic and calibration reasons. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tsai, L. L.; Mair, R. W.; Rosen, M. S.; Walsworth, R. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tsai, L. L.] Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tsai, L. L.; Patz, S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Rosen, M. S.; Walsworth, R. L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Patz, S.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Mair, RW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 59, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rmair@cfa.harvard.edu RI Patz, Samuel/I-2879-2012 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R21 EB006475-01A1, R21 EB006475, R21 EB006475-02] NR 63 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 193 IS 2 BP 274 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.05.016 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 336IN UT WOS:000258357600015 PM 18550402 ER PT J AU Mendoza-Franco, EF Reina, RG AF Mendoza-Franco, Edgar F. Reina, Ruth G. TI Five new species of Urocleidoides (Monogenoidea) (Mizelle and Price 1964) Kritsky, Thatcher, and Boeger, 1986, parasitizing the gills of Panamanian freshwater fishes SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEOTROPICAL MONOGENOIDEA; DACTYLOGYRIDAE; ANCYROCEPHALINAE; GYMNOTIFORMES; PROPOSAL; N.; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PHYLOGENY; GEN. AB During an investigation of gill monogenoidean parasites from freshwater fishes in central Panama, 5 new species of Urocleidoides (sensu stricto) were found: Urocleidoides cultellus n. sp.. Urocleidoides visiofortatus n. sp., and Urocleidoides advenai n. sp. from the gymnotiform Brachyhypopomus occidentalis (Hypopomidac): Urocleidoides neotropicalis n. sp. and Urocleidoides piriatiu n. sp. from the characiforms Saccodon dariensis (Parodontidae) and Ctenolucius beani (Ctenoluciidae), respectively. Our findings represent the first known species of Urocleidoides from these fishes ill Central America and demonstrate that they are morphologically linked to their South American congeners. C1 [Mendoza-Franco, Edgar F.; Reina, Ruth G.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Mendoza-Franco, EF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM mfranco@mda.cinvestav.mx FU STRI FX The authors are grateful to A. Castillo, A. Terrero, C. Schloeder, and E. Thompson for field and laboratory assistance during this study. Mark E. Torchin (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute-STRI) provided useful comments on this manuscript prior to submission for publicalion. This study was financially supported by the STRI. This work was conducted while EFMF was Postdoctoral Fellowship at the STRI. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 94 IS 4 BP 793 EP 802 DI 10.1645/GE-1438.1 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 344OY UT WOS:000258938400005 PM 18837577 ER PT J AU Cipriani, R Guzman, HM Lopez, M AF Cipriani, Roberto Guzman, Hector M. Lopez, Melina TI Harvest history and current densities of the pearl oyster pinctada mazatlanica (Bivalvia : Pteriidae) in las perlas and coiba archipelagos, Panama SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE historical ecology; pearl oyster harvest; Pinctada mazatlanica; Las Perlas; Coiba; Panama ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA; MARGARITIFERA; VARIABILITY; MEXICO; LIP AB Four hundred years of commercial harvest of the oyster Pinctada mazatlanica in Pacific Panama were characterized by historical collapses and recoveries that finally ended in the 1940s; oyster populations have not recovered since then. This study provides a baseline and meta-analysis of current P. mazatlanica densities in Las Perlas and Coiba Archipelagos. We compared the oyster densities in relation to substrates and depths at 103 sampled sites rising randomization techniques. Mean oyster density per site ranged from 2.8-238.9 ind ha(-1) in Las Perlas and 6.0-263.9 ind ha(-1) in Coiba. These values are one to three orders of magnitude lower than those reported for La Paz, Baja California (3,000-12,000 ind.ha(-1)) and Costa Rica (24.200 ind-ha(-1)) in recent times. Substrates within the archipelagos were diverse. We found an increasing trend of density variance when regressing log-transformed densities against substrates ordered according their increasing availability of hard surfaces. In Coiba. densities in substrates including rocks plus corals and sand were statistically lower in shallow than in deep waters, probably caused by harvest. The highest densities in Las Perlas occurred southeast of Del Rev and western Saboga islands. In Coiba, we found the highest densities in Rancheria Island and on the westernmost side of Coiba and Jicaron Islands. These data will help to define the environmental framework within which future research on this important species must be conducted and can be used to improve plans to address its management and conservation. C1 [Cipriani, Roberto; Guzman, Hector M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Cipriani, Roberto] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Estudios Ambientales, Caracas 1080, Venezuela. [Lopez, Melina] Tarleton State Univ, Dept Chem Geosci & Environm Sci, Stephenville, TX 76402 USA. RP Guzman, HM (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM guzmanh@si.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 691 EP 700 DI 10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[691:HHACDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000006 ER PT J AU Cipriani, R Guzman, HM Vega, AJ Lopez, M AF Cipriani, Roberto Guzman, Hector M. Vega, Angel J. Lopez, Melina TI Population assessment of the conch Strombus galeatus (Gastropoda, Strombidae) in Pacific Panama SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE conch; Strombus galeatus; overfishing; Las Perlas; Coiba; Panama ID QUEEN CONCH; CORAL-REEFS; GIGAS; GROWTH; MATURITY; DENSITY; SIZE; GULF; AGE AB Populations of Strombus galeatus Swainson 1823 have been severely overfished in pacific Panama. In this study, we assessed the status) of the S. galeatus population in Las Perlas and Coiba Archipelagos. Average densities per site were dismal: 0.45 +/- 3.8 ind.ha(-1) and 6.0 +/- 18 ind.ha(-1) in Las Perlas and Coiba, respectively. In Las Perlas, low densities occurred on the southwest coast of Del Rev, the south coast of Chaperas, and Bolanos, whereas intermediate densities were found on the eastern coast of Saboga. In Coiba, high relative densities occurred only on the west coast of Coiba Island and at the north and south of Bahia Damas. Environmental variability and depth did not explain the differences found between densities nor the low abundances in the archipelagos. Shell length of S. galeatus from Coiba ranged from 91.0-213.3 mm (156 +/- 22.2 mm). We fitted a von Bertalanffy growth model to juvenile date using the following parameters: L-infinity = 315 mm, K = 0.029 mo(-1), and t(o) = 0.5 mo. The model suggests that 27-28 mo arc required (on average) before the outer lip begins to form. Two years after the enactment of Decree No. 159 in September 2004, which banned the Strombus fisheries in Panama for five years, the conch populations in Las Perlas and Coiba have not recovered. The Las Perlas population is recruitment limited and we recommend that a program of law enforcement and monitoring should be implemented immediately to protect this species, conducive to increase spawning and settlement in nursery grounds. C1 [Cipriani, Roberto; Guzman, Hector M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Cipriani, Roberto] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Estudios Ambientales, Caracas 1080, Venezuela. [Cipriani, Roberto] Univ Panama Sede Verguas, Escuela Biol, Dept Biol Marina & Limnol, Panama City, Panama. [Lopez, Melina] Tarleton State Univ, Dept Chem Geosci & Environm Sci, Stephenville, TX 76402 USA. RP Guzman, HM (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartaclo 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM guzmanh@si.edu NR 42 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 889 EP 896 DI 10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[889:PAOTCS]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000026 ER PT J AU Guzman, HM Cipriani, R Vega, AJ Lopez, M Mair, JM AF Guzman, Hector M. Cipriani, Roberto Vega, Angel J. Lopez, Melina Mair, James M. TI Population assessment of the Pacific green spiny lobster Panulirus gracilis in Pacific Panama SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE green spiny lobster; Panulirus gracilis; overfishing; fishery management; Las Perlas; Coiba; Panama ID CORAL-REEFS; PALINURIDAE; DECAPODA; MEXICO AB Populations of the green spiny lobster Pamulirus gracilis (Streets 1871) have sustained increasing harvesting pressure in Pacific Panama for decades. but basic information about their biology and ecology in the region is scarce. This study provides baseline data for the densities and biometrics of P. gracilis in Las Perlas and Coiba Archipelagos. The number of surveyed lobsters in both archipelagos was surprisingly low (85 in Las Perlas and 67 in Coiba), and average densities were dismal (4.1 +/- 8.8 ind.ha(-1) and 5.3 +/- 7.6 ind.ha(-1), respectively). Saboga and San Jose Islands had the highest relative densities of P. gracilis in Las Perlas, whereas intermediate relative densities were found only oil Coiba Island in the Coiba Archipelago. Lobster density was not associated with either substrate or depth. In Las Perlas, female carapace length (CL) was 40-95 mm and that of males was 25-100 mm; in Coiba, female CL was 45-124 mm and male CL was 45-121 mm. In Las Perlas. the smallest lobster with eggs had a CL = 65 mm and a tail length (TL) = 120 mm. whereas the smallest in Coiba had a CL = 60 rum and a TL = 81-115 mm. We recommend implementing: ( I) the minimum capture CL as the average carapace length at which half of the lobster population from Coiba is adult (CL = 84 mm: TL = 112-155 mm); (2) a fishing season no longer than 6 mo; (3) management decisions involving local fishermen and native peoples; (4) marine reserves or no-take areas (NTA): and (5) long-term monitoring plans, as the best current options to insure the survival of P. gracilis in the region. C1 [Guzman, Hector M.; Cipriani, Roberto] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Cipriani, Roberto] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Estudios Ambientales, Caracas 1080, Venezuela. [Vega, Angel J.] Univ Panama Sede Veraguas, Escuela Biol, Dept Biol Marina & Limnol, Panama City, Panama. [Lopez, Melina] Tarleton State Univ, Dept Chem Geosci & Environm Sci, Stephenville, TX 76402 USA. [Mair, James M.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Biotechnol, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Guzman, HM (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM guzmanh@si.edu NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 907 EP 915 DI 10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[907:PAOTPG]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000029 ER PT J AU Johnston, PF AF Johnston, Paul Forsythe TI From a watery grave: The discovery and excavation of La Salle's shipwreck, La Belle SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Johnston, Paul Forsythe] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Johnston, PF (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 74 IS 3 BP 709 EP 711 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 331GV UT WOS:000258001600009 ER PT J AU Breedy, O Guzman, HM AF Breedy, Odalisca Guzman, Hector M. TI Leptogorgia ignita, a new shallow-water coral species (Octocorallia : Gorgoniidae) from the tropical eastern Pacific SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE Leptogorgia ignita; shallow water coral; new species; tropical eastern Pacific ID COELENTERATA AB Leptogorgia ignita is a new gorgonian species characterized by its conspicuous bright orange colour, irregular branching pattern and combination of sclerite types in the coenenchyme, all of the same orange colour, with abundance of capstans and blunt spindles, and less abundant acute spindles. The species was found in a shallow water coral community, 4-12 m deep in Samara Bay, Pacific Costa Rica. Morphologically, L. ignita belongs to the L. rigida-group comprising eight species for the group; 13 Leptogorgia species are known for Costa Rica, and 23 for the entire eastern Pacific. The new species is described, illustrated and compared to the other valid taxa of the group. C1 [Breedy, Odalisca] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar & Limnol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Breedy, Odalisca; Guzman, Hector M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Breedy, O (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar & Limnol, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM odalisca@racsa.co.cr NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 88 IS 5 BP 893 EP 899 DI 10.1017/S0025315408001902 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 341YA UT WOS:000258750600004 ER PT J AU Salazar-Vallejo, SI Carrera-Parra, LF Fauchald, K AF Salazar-Vallejo, S. I. Carrera-Parra, L. F. Fauchald, K. TI Phylogenetic affinities of the Flabelligeridae (Annelida, Polychaeta) SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGICAL SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Acrocirridae; Cirratulidae; Cirratuliformia; Ctenodrilidae; Flabelligeridae; Flotidae ID REDESCRIPTION; AMPHARETIDAE; SYSTEM; WORMS; SETAE AB Cirratuliformia includes Acrocirridae, Cirratulidae, Ctenodrilidae, Flabelligeridae, Flotidae and Sternaspidae. The phylogenetic affinities have not been settled due to a limited availability of type or non-type material and the relationship between acrocirrids and flabelligerids have been problematical. In our study, the type material of all type species for all flabelligerid, and most acrocirrid genera have been studied and the morphological features have been used in a phylogenetic analysis. The results indicate that Acrocirridae, Ctenodrilidae, Fauveliopsidae, Flabelligeridae and Flotidae are monophyletic and that Sternaspidae falls within Cirratulidae; however, the latter conclusion might be reversed through increased taxon-sampling. The flabelligerid genera Brada, Flabelligera, Pherusa and Stylarioides each consists of several monophyletic groups and may be split. Conversely, Bradiella includes Diversibranchius, and the pelagic Buskiella includes Flota. The generic affinities of Poeobius remain uncertain, collecting better materials may resolve this issue. C1 [Salazar-Vallejo, S. I.; Carrera-Parra, L. F.] El Colegio Frontera Sur, Dept Ecol Acuat, Chetmal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Fauchald, K.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Salazar-Vallejo, SI (reprint author), El Colegio Frontera Sur, Dept Ecol Acuat, Apartado Postal 424, Chetmal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico. EM ssalazar@ecosur.mx; fauchald@si.edu NR 95 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0947-5745 EI 1439-0469 J9 J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES JI J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 203 EP 215 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2008.00464.x PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 324DH UT WOS:000257497400002 ER PT J AU Unger, MA Harvey, E Vadas, GG Vecchione, M AF Unger, Michael A. Harvey, Ellen Vadas, George G. Vecchione, Michael TI Persistent pollutants in nine species of deep-sea cephalopods SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS C1 [Unger, Michael A.; Harvey, Ellen; Vadas, George G.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Environm & Aquat Anim Hlth, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Vecchione, Michael] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Unger, MA (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Environm & Aquat Anim Hlth, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM munger@vims.edu NR 16 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1498 EP 1500 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.04.018 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 344ZC UT WOS:000258964800028 PM 18501382 ER PT J AU Ford, RL Benedix, GK Mccoy, TJ Rushmer, T AF Ford, Rena L. Benedix, Gretchen K. McCoy, Timothy J. Rushmer, Tracy TI Partial melting of H6 ordinary chondrite Kernouve: Constraints on the effects of reducing conditions on oxidized compositions SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IRON-METEORITES; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; IAB; METAMORPHISM; MINERALOGY; WINONAITES; CHEMISTRY; BEARING; SHOCK AB Partial melting experiments at temperatures of 950-1300 degrees C were conducted on the H6 chondrite Kernouve under reducing conditions using CO-CO(2) gas mixing and graphite-buffered sealed silica tubes to examine the effect of reducing conditions during melting of starting materials that are more oxidized relative to the oxygen Fugacity conditions of the experiments. The experiments produced a range of mineralogical and compositional changes. Olivine exhibits significant reduction to compositions of Fa(2-5) at temperatures of 1300 degrees C. In contrast, orthopyroxene exhibits only slight reduction Until the highest temperatures. Chromite is sometimes consumed by intruding, sulfides. and displays increasingly magnesian compositions ranging as low its Fe/Fe + Mg of 0.1 at a constant Cr/Cr + Al ratio. The compositional changes with increasing temperature reflect a complex set of reactions. including oxidation-reduction. One application of these experiments address whether primitive achondrites could have formed from ordinary chondrite-like precursors by partial melting Under reducing conditions. While changes observed in olivine and troilite compositions might support compositions, and thermodynamic evidence against reduction during melting of primitive achondrites compositions, and thermodynamic evidence against reduction during melting of primitive achondrites (Benedix et al. 2005) firmly refute such an idea. C1 [Benedix, Gretchen K.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Ford, Rena L.] Univ Vermont, Dept Geol Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Ford, Rena L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Benedix, Gretchen K.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [McCoy, Timothy J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Rushmer, Tracy] Macquarie Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, GEMOC, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Benedix, GK (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Campus Box 1169,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM greb@nhm.ac.uk OI Benedix, Gretchen/0000-0003-0990-8878 FU NASA [NAG5-10463, NAG5-13464]; Vermont Space Grant Consortium; Becker Endowment FX Sanokes of Kernouve were kindly provided by the Smithsonian Institution. Expert technical assistance was provided by T. Gooding. Helpful advice and discussions about the experimental technique were provided by Gary, Lofgren. Constructive discussions with Cari Corrigan and Dante Lauretta and comments on all early version by K. Righter, A. Kracher, and an anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript. Reviews by H. Connolly and J. Boesenburg are greatly appreciated. This study was Funded In part by NASA grants NAG5-10463 (TR) and NAG5-13464 (TJM) the Vermont Space Grant Consortium and the Becker Endowment to the Smithsonian Institution. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1399 EP 1414 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 381OI UT WOS:000261545400010 ER PT J AU Blakeslee, AMH Byers, JE Lesser, MP AF Blakeslee, April M. H. Byers, James E. Lesser, Michael P. TI Solving cryptogenic histories using host and parasite molecular genetics: the resolution of Littorina littorea's North American origin SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biogeography; Cryptocotyle lingua; cryptogenic; introduction; Littorina littorea; population divergence ID MARINE SPECIES INTRODUCTION; CRYPTIC INVASIONS; SNAIL; POPULATION; GASTROPOD; RICHNESS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; DISTINGUISH; DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENY AB Even after decades of investigation using multiple sources of evidence, the natural histories of some species remain unclear (i.e. cryptogenic). A key example is Littorina littorea, the most abundant intertidal snail in northeastern North America. Native to Europe, the snail's ecological history in North America has been debated for over 100 years with no definitive resolution. To resolve its cryptogenic status, we used molecular genetics from a novel combination of the snail and a highly associated trematode parasite, Cryptocotyle lingua. Based on mitochondrial sequences of 370 L. littorea and 196 C. lingua individuals, our results demonstrate a significant reduction in genetic diversity in North America vs. Europe, North American haplotypes nested within European haplotypes, and mean divergence estimates of similar to 500 years ago from Europe for both host and parasite - thus supporting a recent introduction of both host and parasite to North America from Europe. Our study therefore resolves not only a specific cryptogenic history, but it also demonstrates the success of our approach generally and could be used in resolving difficult invasion histories worldwide. C1 [Blakeslee, April M. H.; Byers, James E.; Lesser, Michael P.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Blakeslee, AMH (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Marine Invas Lab, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM blakesleea@si.edu NR 57 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 16 BP 3684 EP 3696 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03865.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 334KK UT WOS:000258220500009 PM 18643882 ER PT J AU Nelemans, G Voss, R Roelofs, G Bassa, C AF Nelemans, Gijs Voss, Rasmus Roelofs, Gijs Bassa, Cees TI Limits on the X-ray and optical luminosity of the progenitor of the Type Ia supernova 2007sr SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; supernovae : general; white dwarfs; X-rays : binaries ID GALAXY-EVOLUTION-EXPLORER; WHITE-DWARF MODELS; STAR-FORMATION; ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDES; STELLAR POPULATIONS; ANTENNAE GALAXIES; QUASI-SOFT; BINARIES; NGC-4038/4039; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2), Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and Chandra observations of the position of the Type Ia supernova 2007sr in the Antennae galaxy, taken before the explosion. No source is found in any of the observations, allowing us to put interesting constraints on the progenitor luminosity. In total there is about 450 ks of Chandra data, spread over seven different observations. Limiting magnitudes of far-ultraviolet (FUV) (23.7 AB mag), near-ultraviolet (NUV) (23.8 AB mag), F555W (26.5 Vega mag) and F814W (24.5-25 Vega mag) are derived. The distance to the Antennae galaxy is surprisingly poorly known, with almost a factor of 2 difference between the latest distance based on the tip of the red giant branch (13.3 Mpc) and the distance derived from the 2007sr light curve (25 Mpc). Using these distances we derive limits on absolute optical and UV magnitudes of any progenitor but these are still above the brightest (symbiotic) proposed progenitors. From the Chandra data a 3 sigma upper limit to the X-ray luminosity of 0.5-8.0 x 10(37) erg s(-1) in the 0.3-1 keV range is found. This is below the X-ray luminosity of the potential progenitor of the Type Ia supernova 2007on that we recently discovered and for which we report a corrected X-ray luminosity. If that progenitor is confirmed it suggests the two supernovae have different progenitors. The X-ray limit is comparable to the brightest supersoft X-ray sources in the Galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and significantly below the luminosities of the brightest supersoft and quasi-soft X-ray sources found in nearby galaxies, ruling out such sources as progenitors of this Type Ia supernova. C1 [Nelemans, Gijs] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Voss, Rasmus] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Voss, Rasmus] Tech Univ Munich, Excellence Cluster Univ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Roelofs, Gijs] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bassa, Cees] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP Nelemans, G (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM nelemans@astro.ru.nl RI Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012 OI Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974 NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 388 IS 2 BP 487 EP 494 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13416.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328EU UT WOS:000257781400002 ER PT J AU Tchekhovskoy, A McKinney, JC Narayan, R AF Tchekhovskoy, Alexander McKinney, Jonathan C. Narayan, Ramesh TI Simulations of ultrarelativistic magnetodynamic jets from gamma-ray burst engines SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; hydrodynamics; MHD; methods : numerical; galaxies : jets ID AFTERGLOW LIGHT CURVES; RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; BLACK-HOLE MAGNETOSPHERES; AXISYMMETRICAL PULSAR MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETICALLY DRIVEN ACCRETION; DOUBLE RADIO-SOURCES; FREE 2D EQUILIBRIUM; FORCE-FREE; MASSIVE STARS; HYDROMAGNETIC FLOWS AB Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) require an engine capable of driving a jet of plasma to ultrarelativistic bulk Lorentz factors of up to several hundred and into narrow opening angles of a few degrees. We use global axisymmetric stationary solutions of magnetically dominated (force-free) ultrarelativistic jets to test whether the popular magnetic-driving paradigm can generate the required Lorentz factors and opening angles. Our global solutions are obtained via time-dependent relativistic ideal magnetodynamical numerical simulations which follow the jet from the central engine to beyond six orders of magnitude in radius. Our model is primarily motivated by the collapsar model, in which a jet is produced by a spinning black hole or neutron star and then propagates through a massive stellar envelope. We find that the size of the pre-supernova progenitor star and the radial profile of pressure inside the star determine the terminal Lorentz factor and opening angle of the jet. At the radius where the jet breaks out of the star, our well-motivated fiducial model generates a Lorentz factor gamma similar to 400 and a half-opening angle theta(j) similar to 2 degrees, consistent with observations of many long-duration GRBs. Other models with slightly different parameters give gamma in the range 100-5000 and theta(j) from 0 degrees.1 to 10 degrees, thus reproducing the range of properties inferred for GRB jets. A potentially observable feature of some of our solutions is that the maximum Poynting flux in the jet is found at theta similar to theta(j) with the jet power concentrated in a hollow cone, while the maximum in the Lorentz factor occurs at an angle theta substantially smaller than theta(j) also in a hollow cone. We derive approximate analytical formulae for the radial and angular distribution of. and the radial dependence of theta(j). These formulae reproduce the simulation results and allow us to predict the outcome of models beyond those simulated. We also briefly discuss applications to active galactic nuclei, X-ray binaries and short-duration GRBs. C1 [Tchekhovskoy, Alexander; Narayan, Ramesh] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McKinney, Jonathan C.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Tchekhovskoy, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM atchekho@cfa.harvard.edu; jmckinne@stanford.edu; rnarayan@cfa.harvard.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 121 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 388 IS 2 BP 551 EP 572 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13425.x PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328EU UT WOS:000257781400005 ER PT J AU Paul, VJ Ritson-Williams, R AF Paul, Valerie J. Ritson-Williams, Raphael TI Marine chemical ecology SO NATURAL PRODUCT REPORTS LA English DT Review ID BRYOZOAN BUGULA-NERITINA; BORNE PROTEIN PHEROMONES; HARE APLYSIA-CALIFORNICA; CRAB TELMESSUS-CHEIRAGONUS; STIMULATE MATE ATTRACTION; ALGA DELISEA-PULCHRA; CYANOBACTERIUM LYNGBYA-MAJUSCULA; CANDIDATUS-ENDOBUGULA-SERTULA; INDUCED HERBIVORE RESISTANCE; MOLLUSK TRITONIA-DIOMEDEA AB This review covers the recent marine chemical ecology literature for benthic cyanobacteria, macroalgae, sponges, octocorals, molluscs, other benthic invertebrates, fish and seabirds. C1 [Paul, Valerie J.; Ritson-Williams, Raphael] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Paul, VJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. FU Smithsonian Hunterdon Oceanographic Fund FX We would like to thank everyone who provided us with their reprints and papers that were in press. Sarath Gunasekera provided helpful advice on the structures. The authors have been supported by the Smithsonian Hunterdon Oceanographic Fund. This is contribution #734 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. NR 236 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 47 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0265-0568 J9 NAT PROD REP JI Nat. Prod. Rep. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 662 EP 695 DI 10.1039/b702742g PG 34 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 338KI UT WOS:000258506200003 PM 18663390 ER PT J AU Weldon, PJ Flachsbarth, B Schulz, S AF Weldon, Paul J. Flachsbarth, Birte Schulz, Stefan TI Natural products from the integument of nonavian reptiles SO NATURAL PRODUCT REPORTS LA English DT Review ID FEMORAL GLAND SECRETIONS; ALLIGATOR ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; THAMNOPHIS-SIRTALIS-PARIETALIS; THIN-LAYER-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IBERIAN ROCK LIZARDS; CLOACAL SCENT-GLAND; AMPHISBAENIAN BLANUS-CINEREUS; LOGGERHEAD CARETTA-CARETTA; RATTLESNAKE CROTALUS-ATROX; TURTLES LEPIDOCHELYS-KEMPI AB This review describes the epidermal and glandular chemistry of nonavian reptiles in relation to proposed functions, and includes more than 170 references. The results are presented according to the different reptile taxa. C1 [Weldon, Paul J.] Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Flachsbarth, Birte; Schulz, Stefan] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Organ Chem, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Weldon, PJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM weldonp@si.edu; stefan.schulz@tu-bs.de NR 180 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0265-0568 J9 NAT PROD REP JI Nat. Prod. Rep. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 738 EP 756 DI 10.1039/b509854h PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 338KI UT WOS:000258506200006 PM 18663393 ER PT J AU Bannikov, AF Tyler, JC AF Bannikov, A. F. Tyler, J. C. TI A new species of the pufferfish Eotetraodon (Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae) from the Eocene of the Northern Caucasus SO PALEONTOLOGICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Tetraodontiformes; Tetraodontidae; new taxa; Eocene; Northern Caucasus; Russia ID RUSSIA; GENUS AB The Eocene pufferfish genus Eotetraodon (Tetraodontidae) has previously been known only on the basis of E. pygmaeus (Zigno, 1887) from the lowermost Middle Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy. To Eotetraodon we now add E. gornylutshensis sp. nov. from the uppermost Middle Eocene of the Kuma Horizon of the northern Caucasus (Gorny Luch locality). E. gornylutshensis sp. nov. differs from E. pygmaeus by having much longer ribs and one less vertebra in the caudal peduncle. C1 [Bannikov, A. F.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Paleontol, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Tyler, J. C.] Smithsonian Inst MRC 106, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bannikov, AF (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Paleontol, Profsoyuznaya Ul 123, Moscow 117997, Russia. EM aban@paleo.ru; tylerj@si.edu RI Bannikov, Alexander/P-9902-2015 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0031-0301 J9 PALEONTOL J+ JI Paleontol. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 5 BP 526 EP 530 DI 10.1134/S0031030108050080 PG 5 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 347LK UT WOS:000259142900008 ER PT J AU Latham, DW AF Latham, David W. TI Characterization of terrestrial planets identified by the Kepler mission SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 135th Nobel Symposium on Physics of Planetary Systems CY JUN 18-22, 2007 CL Lidingo, SWEDEN ID FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS; EXTRASOLAR PLANET AB I outline some of the plans for following up transiting-planet candidates identified by NASA's Kepler mission. An initial spectroscopic reconnaissance will be used to sort out most of the candidates that involve eclipsing binaries instead of transiting planets. Very precise radial velocities will then be obtained for the survivors, with the goal of deriving spectroscopic orbits and planetary masses. When combined with the planetary radii derived from the transit light curves, this will provide critical information for the characterization of the planets discovered with Kepler. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Latham, DW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dlatham@cfa.harvard.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL T130 AR 014034 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2008/T130/014034 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 326RU UT WOS:000257677400035 ER PT J AU Sasselov, DD Valencia, D O'Connell, RJ AF Sasselov, D. D. Valencia, D. O'Connell, R. J. TI Massive terrestrial planets (super-Earths): detailed physics of their interiors SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 135th Nobel Symposium on Physics of Planetary Systems CY JUN 18-22, 2007 CL Lidingo, SWEDEN ID OCEAN-PLANETS; RADIUS; MODELS AB Planets in the mass range of 1-12 Earth masses do not exist in our Solar System, but now there is direct evidence that they orbit other stars. Near-future experiments will allow determination of their masses and radii with 5-10% uncertainty, their host star composition and age and, in some cases, planetary atmosphere properties. Current theoretical models will be capable of producing a limited and well-defined family of solutions for such planets (with no H-He envelopes) at the 2% level. This will allow us to understand the physical properties of super-Earths as a class provided we discover a large enough sample and preferably around small stars. C1 [Sasselov, D. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Valencia, D.; O'Connell, R. J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sasselov, DD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dsasselov@cfa.harvard.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL T130 AR 014035 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2008/T130/014035 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 326RU UT WOS:000257677400036 ER PT J AU Selsis, F Kaltenegger, L Paillet, J AF Selsis, Franck Kaltenegger, Lisa Paillet, Jimmy TI Terrestrial exoplanets: diversity, habitability and characterization SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 135th Nobel Symposium on Physics of Planetary Systems CY JUN 18-22, 2007 CL Lidingo, SWEDEN ID EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; CARBON-DIOXIDE CLOUDS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; EARLY MARS; OCEAN-PLANETS; LIGHT CURVES; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; SEARCH AB After a decade rich in giant exoplanet detections, observation techniques have now reached the sensitivity to gain information on the physical structure and chemical content of some of the detected planets and also to find planets of less than 10 M-circle plus. The detection and characterization of Earth-like planets is approaching rapidly and dedicated space observatories are already in operation (CoRoT) or in the development phase (Kepler, Darwin and TPF-I/C). In this paper, we explore the domain of terrestrial planets, emphasizing habitable worlds. We discuss the possibility of performing a spectral characterization of their properties using the next generation of astronomical instruments. C1 [Selsis, Franck] Univ Lyon, CNRS, CRAL, Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France. [Selsis, Franck] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, LAB, F-33270 Floirac, France. [Kaltenegger, Lisa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Paillet, Jimmy] ESTEC SCI SA, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Selsis, F (reprint author), Univ Lyon, CNRS, CRAL, Ecole Normale Super Lyon, 46 Allee Italie, F-69007 Lyon, France. EM franck.selsis@ens-lyon.fr; lkaltene@cfa.harvard.edu; jpaillet@rssd.esa.int NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL T130 AR 014032 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2008/T130/014032 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 326RU UT WOS:000257677400033 ER PT J AU Kuznetsova, E Pellegrimi, P Cote, R Lukin, MD Yelin, SF AF Kuznetsova, Elena Pellegrimi, Philippe Cote, Robin Lukin, M. D. Yelin, S. F. TI Formation of deeply bound molecules via chainwise adiabatic passage SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB We suggest and analyze a technique for efficient and robust creation of dense ultracold molecular ensembles in their ground rovibrational state. In our approach a molecule is brought to the ground state through a series of intermediate vibrational states via a multistate chainwise stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique. We study the influence of the intermediate states decay on the transfer process and suggest an approach that minimizes the population of these states, resulting in a maximal transfer efficiency. As an example, we analyze the formation of (87)Rb(2) starting from an initial Feshbach molecular state and taking into account major decay mechanisms due to inelastic atom-molecule and molecule-molecule collisions. Numerical analysis suggests a transfer efficiency >90%, even in the presence of strong collisional relaxation as are present in a high density atomic gas. C1 [Kuznetsova, Elena; Pellegrimi, Philippe; Cote, Robin; Yelin, S. F.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Kuznetsova, Elena; Yelin, S. F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kuznetsova, E (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. FU ARO; NSE FX We gratefully acknowledge fruitful discussions with J. Ye and financial support from ARO and NSE Support by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, is also acknowledged. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 AR 021402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.021402 PN A PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 349EF UT WOS:000259263400011 ER PT J AU Hosaka, N Kachi, N Kudoh, H Stuefer, JF Whigham, DF AF Hosaka, Naomi Kachi, Naoki Kudoh, Hiroshi Stuefer, Josef F. Whigham, Dennis F. TI Patch structure and ramet demography of the clonal tree, Asimina triloba, under gap and closed-canopy SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clonal growth; forest dynamics; forest understory; light availability; root sprouting; sexual reproduction ID TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FORESTS; WOODLAND HERB; VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION; HURRICANE DISTURBANCE; TRANSPLANTED RAMETS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE; UVULARIA-PERFOLIATA; ASARUM CANADENSE; UNDERSTORY HERB AB Clonal understory trees develop into patches of interconnected and genetically identical ramets that have the potential to persist for decades or centuries. These patches develop beneath forest canopies that are structurally heterogeneous in space and time. Canopy heterogeneity, in turn, is responsible for the highly variable understory light environment that is typically associated with deciduous forests. We investigated what aspects of patch structure (density, size structure, and reproductive frequency of ramets) of the clonal understory tree, Asimina triloba, were correlated with forest canopy conditions. Specifically, we compared A. triloba patches located beneath closed canopies and canopy gaps. We also conducted a three-year demographic study of individual ramets within patches distributed across a light gradient. The closed canopy-gap comparison demonstrated that the patches of A. triloba had a higher frequency of large and flowering ramets in gaps compared to closed-canopy stands, but total ramet density was lower in gaps than in closed canopy stands. In the demographic study, individual ramet growth was positively correlated with light availability, although the pattern was not consistent for all years. Neither ramet recruitment nor mortality was correlated with light conditions. Our results indicate that the structure of A. triloba patches was influenced by canopy condition, but does not necessarily depend on the responses of ramets to current light conditions. The lack of differences in ramet recruitment and mortality under varying canopy conditions is likely to be a primary reason for the long-term expansion and persistence of the patches. The primary benefit of a positive growth response to increasing light is the transition of relatively small ramets into flowering ramets within a short period of time. C1 [Hosaka, Naomi] Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Biodivers Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. [Kachi, Naoki] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Kudoh, Hiroshi] Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Stuefer, Josef F.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Ecol, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Whigham, Dennis F.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Hosaka, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Biodivers Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. EM nhosaka@affrc.go.jp OI Stuefer, Josef/0000-0001-8740-9762; Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X NR 59 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 EI 1573-5052 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 197 IS 2 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s11258-007-9372-z PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 315XO UT WOS:000256913700006 ER PT J AU Herman, RDK AF Herman, R. D. K. TI Inscribing empire: Guam and the War in the Pacific National Historical Park SO POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Empire; National parks; Guam; Landscape ID POLICY AB National parks form an archipelago of government-run, on-site "museums," geographic sites of territorial and rhetorical nation-building. The War in the Pacific National Historical Park, which occupies seven parcels of land on the small island of Guam, celebrates the "freedom" that the U.S. brought to the region in World War II. But in fact, this landscape sits at the nexus of several contested territories. Guam was seized in the 1898 Spanish-American War-the final wave of American territorial expansion-and experienced 50 years of dictatorship under the U.S. Navy, despite vigorous efforts by islanders to gain citizenship and basic tights. The post-war transformation of the island by the military came at the further expense of local land rights, and the park itself later got caught up in the struggle over federal land ownership. Disagreements within the park service and between the park service and the local people added to the contests. Finally and most importantly, the park-as-text presents a discourse of American military heroism against the Japanese, at the expense of recognition of Chamorro suffering, or of any historical marker tying the indigenous history of Guam into U.S. historical memory. The contradiction between U.S. expansionism and U.S. ideals is apparent in the way the park serves as a colonial tool in this remnant of the American empire. This paper examines the park as a narrative landscape within the fields of contestation that characterize U.S. rule on Guam. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Smithsonian Natl Museum Amer Indian, Res Unit, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Herman, RDK (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Museum Amer Indian, Res Unit, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hermand@si.edu NR 50 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-6298 J9 POLIT GEOGR JI Polit. Geogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 6 BP 630 EP 651 DI 10.1016/j.polgeo.2008.07.003 PG 22 WC Geography; Political Science SC Geography; Government & Law GA 363RB UT WOS:000260283300002 ER PT J AU Blake, CH Bloom, JS Latham, DW Szentgyorgyi, AH Skrutskie, MF Falco, EE Starr, DS AF Blake, Cullen H. Bloom, Joshua S. Latham, David W. Szentgyorgyi, Andrew H. Skrutskie, Michael F. Falco, Emilio E. Starr, Dan S. TI Near-infrared monitoring of ultracool dwarfs: Prospects for searching for transiting companions SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; BROWN DWARFS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; SOLAR PLANETS; HOT JUPITERS; HARPS SEARCH; LIGHT-CURVE; MASS; VARIABILITY; PHOTOMETRY AB Stars of late-M and L spectral types, collectively known as ultracool dwarfs (UCDs), may be excellent targets for searches for extrasolar planets. Owing to their small radii, the signal from an Earth-size planet transiting a UCD is, in principle, readily detectable. We present results from a study designed to evaluate the feasibility of using precise near-infrared (NIR) photometry to detect terrestrial extrasolar planets orbiting UCDs. We used the Peters Automated Infrared Imaging Telescope (PAIRITEL) to observe a sample of 13 UCDs over a period of 10 months. We consider several important systematic effects in NIR differential photometry and develop techniques for generating photometry with a precision of 0.01 mag and long-term stability. We simulate the planet detection efficiency of an extended campaign to monitor a large sample of UCDs with PAIRITEL. We find that both a targeted campaign with a single telescope lasting several years and a campaign making use of a network of telescopes distributed in longitude could provide significant sensitivity to terrestrial planets orbiting UCDs, potentially in the habitable zone. C1 [Blake, Cullen H.; Latham, David W.; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew H.; Falco, Emilio E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bloom, Joshua S.; Starr, Dan S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Skrutskie, Michael F.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Starr, Dan S.] Las Cumbres Global Telescope Network, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Blake, CH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cblake@cfa.harvard.edu NR 75 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 120 IS 870 BP 860 EP 871 DI 10.1086/590506 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338FX UT WOS:000258492900004 ER PT J AU Breedy, O Cortes, J AF Breedy, Odalisca Cortes, Jorge TI Octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Isla del Coco; Cocos Island; Costa Rica; eastern Pacific; octocorals; gorgonians; soft corals; Octocorallia AB The published literature on Isla del Coco (Cocos Island), Costa Rica reveals that until recent years the octocorals were among the least known marine invertebrates. Two of the three orders within the subclass Octocorallia, the Pennatulacea (sea pens) and Alcyonacea (soft corals, gorgonians and telestids) occur in Isla del Coco. From recent collections and research, the total octocorallian fauna presently accounts to three pennatulaceans, seven gorgonians, a soft coral, and one telestid. A sea pen, a telestid, and three of the gorgonians have been collected recently, and two of them are probably new species. The genus Pacifigorgia includes one species: P. curta, presently considered as endemic. There are two species of the genus Leptogorgia, one which presents a large distributional range along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, L. alba, and another which is a new species only found in Isla del Coco and is yet to be described. Finally, an undescribed species related to the genus Rhodelinda was found attached to rodoliths. The other species cited in the literature, the gorgonian, Psammogorgia variabilis, and the pennatulacean, Ptilosarcus undulatus, need to be corroborated since we have not found them yet. Other species, including alcyoniians (soft corals), have been observed by submarine submersibles from 50 m down to 450 m. Some deep water species were collected during a Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution expedition in 1986 with their research submersible the Johnson Sea Link, and four of them have been identified to genera. Several are expected to represent species new to science. Twelve species of octocorals are recorded here. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (Suppl. 2): 71-77. Epub 2008 August 29. C1 [Breedy, Odalisca; Cortes, Jorge] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar & Limnol CIMAR, San Jose 115012060, Costa Rica. [Breedy, Odalisca] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Breedy, O (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar & Limnol CIMAR, San Jose 115012060, Costa Rica. EM odalisca@racsa.co.cr NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, 00000, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 EI 2215-2075 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 SU 2 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 453WA UT WOS:000266642400006 ER PT J AU Kritsky, DC Mendoza-Franco, EF AF Kritsky, Delane C. Mendoza-Franco, Edgar F. TI Revision of Aristocleidus (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae), rediscovery of Aristocleidus hastatus, and description of Aristocleidus lamothei n. sp from the Peruvian Mojarra Diapterus peruvianus (Teleostei: Gerreidae) in Mexico SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE BIODIVERSIDAD LA English DT Article DE Monogenoidea; Dactylogyridae; Aristocleidus; Aristocleidus hastatus; Aristocleidus lamothei n. sp.; Peruvian mojarra; Diapterus peruvianus; Mexico ID PLATYHELMINTHES; DIVERSIFICATION; REDESCRIPTION; AUSTRALIA; PARASITES; CUVIER; GEN. AB The generic diagnosis of Aristocleidus Mueller, 1936 is emended based on a collection of 2 species of the genus from the gills of the Peruvian mojarra, Diapterus peruvianus (Gerreidae), from a lagoon along the Pacific Coast of Mexico. The genus is characterized in part by species having a deeply incised base of the ventral anchor with the tip of the superficial root conspicuously directed toward that of the deep root. Aristocleidus hastatus Mueller, 1936 is redescribed and Aristocleidus lamothei n. sp. is described from D. peruvianus from the Tres Palos Lagoon, Guerrero State, Mexico. The finding of A. hastatus on D. peruvianus in Mexico represents new host and locality records for the species. C1 [Kritsky, Delane C.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Hlth & Nutr Sci, Coll Hlth Profess, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Mendoza-Franco, Edgar F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Isl Labs, Panama City, Panama. RP Kritsky, DC (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Hlth & Nutr Sci, Coll Hlth Profess, Campus Box 8090, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM kritdela@isu.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST BIOLOGIA, UNIV NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO PI MEXICO PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-233, MEXICO, D F 00000, MEXICO SN 1870-3453 J9 REV MEX BIODIVERS JI Rev. Mex. Biodivers. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 79 BP 75S EP 82S PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 413NR UT WOS:000263800300009 ER PT J AU Vidal-Martinez, VM Mendoza-Franco, EF AF Vidal-Martinez, Victor M. Mendoza-Franco, Edgar F. TI Heterobothrium lamothei n. sp (Monogenea: Diclidophoridae) from the gills of Sphoeroides testudineus (Pisces: Tetraodontidae) from the coast of Yucatan, Mexico SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE BIODIVERSIDAD LA English DT Article DE Monogenea; Heterobothrium; Sphoeroides; Yucatan Peninsula; Gulf of Mexico ID PUFFER TAKIFUGU-RUBRIPES; OKAMOTOI MONOGENEA; INFECTION AB The presence of a member of the genus Heterobothrium is described for the first time from the coast of Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Mexico. Heterobothrium lamothei n. sp. is recorded parasitizing the gills of the tetraodontid fish Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus, 1758) from 4 coastal lagoons in Yucatan: Celestun (20 degrees 52' N, 90 degrees 24' W), Chelem (21 degrees 15'N 89 degrees 45'W), Dzilam (21 degrees 35'N 88 degrees 35'W) and Rio Lagartos (21 degrees 22'N 87 degrees 30'W). The new species differs from the other species described in the genus, by a combination of characters including a copulatory organ armed with 12-15 genital hooks, the distal pair of clamps smaller in comparison with the 3 other pairs and by having 15-26 testes. The infection parameters were for Celestun, 47% of prevalence, number of fish examined (n) = 47, mean abundance of 1.76 +/- 9.62, Chelem, 20% (n = 30), 0.53 +/- 8.48; Dzilam, 2% (n = 60), 0.02 +/- 0.00; Rio Lagartos, 25% (n = 59), 0.34 +/- 1.58. Heterobothrium lamothei n. sp. may be considered as potentially dangerous species for the aquaculture of S. testudineus due to its direct life cycle hat high fish densities would increase the transmission of this monogenean. C1 [Vidal-Martinez, Victor M.] CINVESTAV IPN, Parasitol Lab, Unidad Merida, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. [Mendoza-Franco, Edgar F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Isl Labs, Ancon, Panama. RP Vidal-Martinez, VM (reprint author), CINVESTAV IPN, Parasitol Lab, Unidad Merida, Carretera Antigua Progreso Km 6, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. EM vvidal@mda.cinvestav.mx RI Vidal-Martinez, Victor/B-5607-2009 OI Vidal-Martinez, Victor/0000-0001-5514-2127 FU PEMEX Exploracion y Produccion [418915846, 422276804]; POETCY program FX The authors are indebted to Clara Vivas Rodriguez, Trinidad Sosa Medina, Abril Gonzalez Rodriguez, Reyna Rodriguez Olayo, Gregory Arjona Torres, Marcela del Rio, Francisco Rodriguez, Javier Ramirez, Victor Ceja Moreno, and Mirella Hernandez de Santillana From Cinvestav Parasitology, Geochemistry, Toxicology, and Primary Productivity and Necton laboratories for their field and laboratory assistance. This research was financially supported by PEMEX Exploracion y Produccion through contracts 418915846 (Xcambo II) and 422276804 (Agua de lastre). The financial support for the POETCY program (Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial Costero de Yucatan) to V.V-M., was provided fly SEMARNAT, Secretaria de Ecologia del Gobierno del Estado de Yucatan, SEDESOL and Sistema Arrecifal Mesoamericano. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST BIOLOGIA, UNIV NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO PI MEXICO PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-233, MEXICO, D F 00000, MEXICO SN 1870-3453 J9 REV MEX BIODIVERS JI Rev. Mex. Biodivers. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 79 BP 89S EP 93S PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 413NR UT WOS:000263800300011 ER PT J AU Renema, W Bellwood, DR Braga, JC Bromfield, K Hall, R Johnson, KG Lunt, P Meyer, CP McMonagle, LB Morley, RJ O'Dea, A Todd, JA Wesselingh, FP Wilson, MEJ Pandolfi, JM AF Renema, W. Bellwood, D. R. Braga, J. C. Bromfield, K. Hall, R. Johnson, K. G. Lunt, P. Meyer, C. P. McMonagle, L. B. Morley, R. J. O'Dea, A. Todd, J. A. Wesselingh, F. P. Wilson, M. E. J. Pandolfi, J. M. TI Hopping hotspots: Global shifts in marine Biodiversity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID INDO-PACIFIC; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; CORAL-REEFS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; DIVERSITY; DIVERSIFICATION; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; ORIGINS; ECOSYSTEMS AB Hotspots of high species diversity are a prominent feature of modern global biodiversity patterns. Fossil and molecular evidence is starting to reveal the history of these hotspots. There have been at least three marine biodiversity hotspots during the past 50 million years. They have moved across almost half the globe, with their timing and locations coinciding with major tectonic events. The birth and death of successive hotspots highlights the link between environmental change and biodiversity patterns. The antiquity of the taxa in the modern Indo- Australian Archipelago hotspot emphasizes the role of pre- Pleistocene events in shaping modern diversity patterns. C1 [Renema, W.; Wesselingh, F. P.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Bellwood, D. R.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Braga, J. C.] Univ Granada, Dept Estratig & Paleontol, Granada 18002, Spain. [Renema, W.; Bromfield, K.; Pandolfi, J. M.] Univ Queensland, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Ctr Marine Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Hall, R.; Morley, R. J.] Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, SE Asia Res Grp, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Johnson, K. G.; McMonagle, L. B.; Todd, J. A.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Paleontol, London SW7 5BD, England. [Lunt, P.] Murphy Oil, Kuala Lumpur 50088, Malaysia. [Meyer, C. P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [McMonagle, L. B.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Morley, R. J.] Palynova, Littleport CB6 1PY, England. [O'Dea, A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Wilson, M. E. J.] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Geol, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. RP Renema, W (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM Renema@naturalis.nl RI Wilson, Moyra/C-5151-2015; Renema, Willem/E-2851-2016; O'Dea, Aaron/D-4114-2011; Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009 OI Wilson, Moyra/0000-0001-5226-7952; Renema, Willem/0000-0002-1627-5995; Todd, Jonathan/0000-0002-0433-1611; Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694 NR 45 TC 169 Z9 172 U1 8 U2 94 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5889 BP 654 EP 657 DI 10.1126/science.1155674 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 332IW UT WOS:000258077700033 PM 18669854 ER PT J AU Yoshida, N Omukai, K Hernquist, L AF Yoshida, Naoki Omukai, Kazuyuki Hernquist, Lars TI Protostar formation in the early universe SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; METAL-POOR STARS; 1ST STARS; PRIMORDIAL STARS; CDM UNIVERSE; GAS; FRAGMENTATION; ACCRETION; REDSHIFT; GALAXY AB The nature of the first generation of stars in the universe remains largely unknown. Observations imply the existence of massive primordial stars early in the history of the universe, and the standard theory for the growth of cosmic structure predicts that structures grow hierarchically through gravitational instability. We have developed an ab initio computer simulation of the formation of primordial stars that follows the relevant atomic and molecular processes in a primordial gas in an expanding universe. The results show that primeval density fluctuations left over from the Big Bang can drive the formation of a tiny protostar with a mass 1% that of the Sun. The protostar is a seed for the subsequent formation of a massive primordial star. C1 [Yoshida, Naoki] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Omukai, Kazuyuki] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Yoshida, N (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Aichi 4648602, Japan. EM nyoshida@a.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Yoshida, Naoki/A-4305-2011 NR 29 TC 213 Z9 213 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5889 BP 669 EP 671 DI 10.1126/science.1160259 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 332IW UT WOS:000258077700037 PM 18669856 ER PT J AU Sues, HD AF Sues, Hans-Dieter TI Darwin's predecessors (Benoit de Maillet) - Response SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Sues, HD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 5 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 329ZS UT WOS:000257909700004 ER PT J AU Clough, GW AF Clough, G. Wayne TI Keeping up (James Smithson) SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, GW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD AUG PY 2008 VL 39 IS 5 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 329ZS UT WOS:000257909700021 ER PT J AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. TI Managing the unmanageable: Apollo, space age management and American social problems SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Article AB There are numerous beliefs about the ability of the federal government to accomplish positive results in social transformation using space program management practices that have become a part of American culture. In the middle of the 1960s, NASA Administrator James E. Webb asked why, if the USA could accomplish Apollo, ''can't we do something for grandma with Medicare"?. This led to efforts by Webb and others at NASA to export the management practices that enabled the successful lunar landing program toward solving the myriad social problems taken up by the Johnson administration and its successors in the USA. The application of these ideas to city administration, public health, welfare programs, energy, and veterans' affairs offers a case study in seeking to control what ultimately proved uncontrollable. The linkage of space policy and social policy may seem tenuous at first, but both celebrate the power of the federal government and the state system to affect in fundamental ways the lives of citizens. This article explores those linkages, the relationship between the authority of experts and political leaders, and the manner in which management practices successful at NASA may have been applied with varying success to other governmental organizations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Div Space Hist, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Launius, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Div Space Hist, Natl Air & Space Museum, POB 37012,NASM Room 3556 MRC 311, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM launiusr@si.edu NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-9646 J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD AUG PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.spacepol.2008.06.007 PG 8 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 346OR UT WOS:000259078600007 ER PT J AU Coll, L Potvin, C Messier, C Delagrange, S AF Coll, Lluis Potvin, Catherine Messier, Christian Delagrange, Sylvain TI Root architecture and allocation patterns of eight native tropical species with different successional status used in open-grown mixed plantations in Panama SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE allocation; allometry; root architecture; successional status; tropical plantation ID TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; SHADE TOLERANCE; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; BIOMASS DISTRIBUTION; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; TREE ARCHITECTURE; USE EFFICIENCY; ADULT STATURE; MOIST-FOREST AB We investigated biomass allocation and root architecture of eight tropical species with different successional status, as classified from the literature, along a size gradient up to 5 m. We focused on belowground development, which has received less attention than aboveground traits. A discriminant analysis based upon a combination of allocational and architectural traits clearly distinguished functional types and classified species according to successional status at a 100% success rate. For a given plant diameter, the pioneer species presented similar root biomass compared to the non-pioneer ones but higher cumulative root length and a higher number of root apices. A detailed study on the root system of a sub-sample of three species showed that the most late-successional species (Tabebuia rosea) had longer root internodes and a higher proportion of root biomass allocated to the taproot compared to the other two species (Hura crepitans and Luehea seemannii). Most pioneer species showed a higher leaf area ratio due to a higher specific leaf area (SLA). We conclude that the functional differences between pioneer and non-pioneer tree species found in natural forests were maintained in open-grown plantation conditions. C1 [Coll, Lluis; Messier, Christian; Delagrange, Sylvain] Univ Quebec, CEF, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Potvin, Catherine] McGill Univ, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Potvin, Catherine] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. RP Coll, L (reprint author), CTFC, Pujada Seminari S-N, Solsona 25280, Spain. EM lluis.coll@ctfc.es RI Coll, Lluis/E-8724-2015 OI Coll, Lluis/0000-0002-8035-5949 NR 64 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 585 EP 596 DI 10.1007/s00468-008-0219-6 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 322OM UT WOS:000257385200019 ER PT J AU Bellemain, E Ricklefs, RE AF Bellemain, Eva Ricklefs, Robert E. TI Are islands the end of the colonization road? SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; MAINLAND POPULATIONS; MOCKINGBIRDS AVES; SPECIES RICHNESS; NUCLEAR; ORIGIN; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; BIRDS C1 [Bellemain, Eva] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Ricklefs, Robert E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Bellemain, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM evabellemain@gmail.com RI Bellemain, Eva/B-4493-2011 NR 80 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 461 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2008.05.001 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 336UU UT WOS:000258390900010 PM 18584910 ER PT J AU Milazzo, ML Cajimat, MNB Haynie, ML Abbott, KD Bradley, RD Fulhorst, CF AF Milazzo, Mary Louise Cajimat, Maria N. B. Haynie, Michelle L. Abbott, Ken D. Bradley, Robert D. Fulhorst, Charles F. TI Diversity among Tacaribe serocomplex viruses (family Arenaviridae) naturally associated with the white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula) in the southwestern United States SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Arenaviridae; Arenavirus; Tacaribe serocomplex; Big Brushy Tank virus; Tonto Creek virus; Whitewater Arroyo virus ID ARROYO VIRUS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; HOST RELATIONSHIPS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; TAMIAMI VIRUS; SPECIES GROUP; SEQUENCES; RECOMBINATION; EVOLUTION; INFECTION AB Bayesian analyses of glycoprotein precursor and nucleocapsid protein gene sequences indicated that arenaviruses naturally associated with white-throated woodrats in central Arizona are phylogenetically closely related to the Whitewater Arroyo virus prototype strain AV 9310135, which originally was isolated from a white-throated woodrat captured in northwestern New Mexico. Pairwise comparisons of glycoprotein precursor and nucleocapsid protein amino acid sequences revealed extensive diversity among arenaviruses isolated from white-throated woodrats captured in different counties in central Arizona and extensive diversity between these viruses and Whitewater Arroyo virus strain AV 9310135. It was concluded that the viruses isolated from the white-throated woodrats captured in Arizona represent 2 novel species (Big Brushy Tank virus and Tonto Creek virus) and that these species should be included with Whitewater Arroyo virus in a species complex within the Tacaribe serocomplex (family Arenaviridae, genus Arenavirus). C1 [Milazzo, Mary Louise; Fulhorst, Charles F.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Cajimat, Maria N. B.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Microbiol & Immunol Grad Program, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Haynie, Michelle L.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Abbott, Ken D.] Yavapai Coll, Dept Biol, Prescott, AZ USA. [Bradley, Robert D.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci & Museum, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Fulhorst, CF (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM cfulhors@utmb.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI041435, AI-41435, R01 AI041435-08] NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 523 EP 540 DI 10.1089/vbz.2007.0239 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 346WU UT WOS:000259101100010 PM 18454597 ER PT J AU Munroe, TA Hashimoto, J AF Munroe, Thomas A. Hashimoto, Jun TI A new western Pacific tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes : Cynoglossidae): The first pleuronectiform discovered at active hydrothermal vents SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE flatfish; Symphurus; hydrothermal vents ID DEEP-SEA; SYMPHURUS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; COMMUNITIES; PATTERN; SPINES; FISHES; OCEAN AB Symphurus thermophilus n. sp., described from 16 specimens collected by submersibles, ROV, epibenthic sled and dredge, occurs on a variety of substrata at several active hydrothermal sites located at 239-733 m between 21 degrees N and 35 S in the western Pacific Ocean. Symphurus thermophilus, the only pleuronectiform fish known to inhabit hydrothermal vent areas, is characterized by the combination of a 1-2-2-2-2 pattern of interdigitation of dorsal proximal pterygiophores and neural spines, 14 caudal-fin rays, 5 hypurals, 9 abdominal vertebrae, 47-51 total vertebrae, 88-94 dorsal-fin rays, 74-80 anal-fin rays, 100-112 scales in longitudinal series, ocular-side pigmentation pattern featuring 5-8, black, mostly incomplete crossbands, uniformly white blind side, and black peritoneum. Of specimens examined, seven including the holotype, were collected on Kaikata Seamount off southern Japan; one specimen was collected at the Kasuga-2 hydrothermal vent, Marianas Islands; and six were collected at sites on the Kermadec Ridge. In addition to specimens captured, many other S. thermophilus were observed from submersibles and ROVs at hydrothermal sites in the western Pacific including those in the Marianas Islands, at Nikko Seamount near Minami-Iohjima Island, and at Minami-Ensei Knoll, Mid-Okinawa Trough. Many of the specimens examined have skeletal anomalies including fused bones in the caudal skeleton, and missing or partially developed and/or misshapen fin rays. C1 [Munroe, Thomas A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hashimoto, Jun] Nagasaki Univ, Fac Fisheries, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan. RP Munroe, TA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,WC-57,MRC-153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM munroet@si.edu; junh@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 1 PY 2008 IS 1839 BP 43 EP 59 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 332RH UT WOS:000258100300002 ER PT J AU Grimm, R Behrens, T Marker, M Elsenbeer, H AF Grimm, R. Behrens, T. Maerker, M. Elsenbeer, H. TI Soil organic carbon concentrations and stocks on Barro Colorado Island - Digital soil mapping using Random Forests analysis SO GEODERMA LA English DT Review DE soil organic carbon; digital soil mapping; random forest; spatial pattern; tropical soils; Barro Colorado Island ID NORTHEASTERN COSTA-RICA; TROPICAL MOIST FOREST; SPATIAL PREDICTION; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; PUERTO-RICO; CLASSIFICATION; LANDSCAPE; STORAGE; NITROGEN; PANAMA AB Spatial estimates of tropical soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and stocks are crucial to understanding the role of tropical SOC in the global carbon cycle. They also allow for spatial variation of SOC in environmental process models. SOC is spatially highly variable. In traditional approaches, SOC concentrations and stocks have been derived from estimates for single or very few profiles and spatially linked to existing units of soil or vegetation maps. However, many existing soil profile data are incomplete and untested as to whether they are representative or unbiased. Also single means for soil or vegetation map units cannot characterize SOC spatial variability within these units. We here use the digital soil mapping approach to predict the spatial distribution of SOC. This relies on a soil inference model based on spatially referenced environmental layers of topographic attributes, soil units, parent material, and forest history. We sampled soils at 165 sites, stratified according to topography and lithology, on Barro Colorado island (BCI), Panama, at depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, and 30-50 cm, and analyzed them for SOC by dry combustion. We applied Random Forest (RF) analysis as a modeling tool to the SOC data for each depth interval in order to compare vertical and lateral distribution patterns. RF has several advantages compared to other modeling approaches, for instance, the fact that it is neither sensitive to overfitting nor to noise features. The RF-based digital SOC mapping approach provided SOC estimates of high spatial resolution and estimates of error and predictor importance. The environmental variables that explained most of the variation in the topsoil (010 cm) were topographic attributes. In the subsoil (10-50 cm), SOC distribution was best explained by soil texture classes as derived from soil mapping units. The estimates for SOC stocks in the upper 30 cm ranged between 38 and 116 Mg ha(-1), with lowest stocks on midslope and highest on toeslope positions. This digital soil mapping approach can be applied to similar landscapes to refine the spatial resolution of SOC estimates. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Grimm, R.; Maerker, M.; Elsenbeer, H.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geoecol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Behrens, T.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Geog, D-72070 Tubingen, Germany. [Elsenbeer, H.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Grimm, R (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Geoecol, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. EM rosigrimm@gmx.de RI Bickford, Robert/A-5025-2009; Maerker, Michael /C-5181-2016 OI Maerker, Michael /0000-0003-0632-1422 FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) FX We would like to thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for the warm welcome and great logistical support and assistance on BCI and at the Tupper campus, Ancon. The constructive comments of Ian Baillie on an earlier draft are gratefully acknowledged. We particularly appreciate the field efforts provided by Frauke Barthold, Julian Schnetzer and Christina Schweipert. We received advice from many scientists in the wider BCI community. Rosina Grimm acknowledges partial financial support by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). NR 105 TC 129 Z9 133 U1 16 U2 91 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL 31 PY 2008 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 102 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.05.008 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 345KO UT WOS:000258995600012 ER PT J AU Zhu, RX Potts, R Pan, YX Lue, LQ Yao, HT Deng, CL Qin, HF AF Zhu, R. X. Potts, R. Pan, Y. X. Lue, L. Q. Yao, H. T. Deng, C. L. Qin, H. F. TI Paleomagnetism of the Yuanmou Basin near the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and its constraints on late Neogene sedimentation and tectonic rotation SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Yuanmou basin; magnetostratigraphy; vertical-axis rotation; late Neogene ID CENTRAL-ASIA; MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CRETACEOUS ROCKS; EASTERN TIBET; QAIDAM BASIN; INDO-CHINA; MYR AGO; DEFORMATION; UPLIFT AB New paleomagnetic investigation was carried out on the late Neogene fluviolacustrine sequence of the Yuanmou Basin, located near the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Magnetostratigraphic results indicate nine reverse magnetozones (R1 to R9) and eight normal magnetozones (NI to N8) in the sedimentary profile, which can be correlated to the geomagnetic polarity timescale from C3n.3r to C1 r.1r. The age of the sedimentary sequence of the Yuanmou Basin can thus be paleomagnetically constrained to an interval from early Pliocene to Pleistocene, with sedimentation rates varying from 12.5 to 55 cm/kyr. In addition to its highly resolved rnagnetostratigraphic sequence, the Yuanmou Basin provides a record of Plio-Pleistocene tectono- and climato-sedimentary processes. The mean declinations of the seventeen polarity units (excluding samples with transitional directions) can be grouped into three distinct directional intervals, Group I (2.58-1.37 Ma), Group II (4.29-2.58 Ma) and Group III(4.91-4.29 Ma). These directions indicate that the Yuanmou Basin has probably experienced vertical-axis clockwise rotation of about 12 degrees from 1.4 Ma to 4.9 Ma, which may be related to slip activity of the Red River fault to the southwest and the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault to the east. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, R. X.; Pan, Y. X.; Lue, L. Q.; Yao, H. T.; Deng, C. L.; Qin, H. F.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Paleomagnetism & Geochronol Lab SKL LE, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Potts, R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Zhu, RX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Paleomagnetism & Geochronol Lab SKL LE, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM rxzhu@mail.iggcas.ac.cn RI Deng, Chenglong/B-8881-2009; Pan, Yongxin/B-4302-2008; 中国科学院, 地球深部研究重点实验室/E-2300-2014; Deng, Chenglong/B-8871-2009 OI Pan, Yongxin/0000-0002-4227-3061; Deng, Chenglong/0000-0003-1848-3170 FU NSFC [40221402]; CAS; U.S. National Science Foundation [(BCS 0218511)]; Smithsonian's Human Origins Program FX Financial assistance was provided by the NSFC grant 40221402 and CAS. RP acknowledges Support by the U.S. National Science Foundation (BCS 0218511) and the Smithsonian's Human Origins Program. Drs. K.A. Hoffman, G. Dupont-Nivet, Y. Chen and an anonymous reviewer are highly appreciated for their very constructive comments on an earlier manuscript. Craig Jones provided paleornagnetic software. We thank Drs. J. L. Xiao and Z. G. Chang for field assistance. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 272 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.04.016 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 347DD UT WOS:000259119900010 ER PT J AU Kirby, MX Jones, DS MacFadden, BJ AF Kirby, Michael Xavier Jones, Douglas S. MacFadden, Bruce J. TI Lower Miocene Stratigraphy along the Panama Canal and Its Bearing on the Central American Peninsula SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Before the formation of the Central American Isthmus, there was a Central American Peninsula. Here we show that southern Central America existed as a peninsula as early as 19 Ma, based on new lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic and strontium chemostratigraphic analyses of the formations exposed along the Gaillard Cut of the Panama Canal. Land mammals found in the Miocene Cucaracha Formation have similar body sizes to conspecific taxa in North America, indicating that there existed a terrestrial connection with North America that allowed gene flow between populations during this time. How long did this peninsula last? The answer hinges on the outcome of a stratigraphic dispute: To wit, is the terrestrial Cucaracha Formation older or younger than the marine La Boca Formation? Previous stratigraphic studies of the Panama Canal Basin have suggested that the Cucaracha Formation lies stratigraphically between the shallow-marine Culebra Formation and the shallow-to-upper-bathyal La Boca Formation, the latter containing the Emperador Limestone. If the La Boca Formation is younger than the Cucaracha Formation, as many think, then the peninsula was short-lived (1-2 m.y.), having been submerged in part by the transgression represented by the overlying La Boca Formation. On the other hand, our data support the view that the La Boca Formation is older than the Cucaracha Formation. Strontium dating shows that the La Boca Formation is older (23.07 to 20.62 Ma) than both the Culebra (19.83-19.12 Ma) and Cucaracha (Hemingfordian to Barstovian North American Land Mammal Ages; 19-14 Ma) formations. The Emperador Limestone is also older (21.24-20.99 Ma) than the Culebra and Cucaracha formations. What has been called the "La Boca Formation'' (with the Emperador Limestone), is re-interpreted here as being the lower part of the Culebra Formation. Our new data sets demonstrate that the main axis of the volcanic arc in southern Central America more than likely existed as a peninsula connected to northern Central America and North America for much of the Miocene, which has profound implications for our understanding of the tectonic, climatic, oceanographic and biogeographic history related to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. C1 [Kirby, Michael Xavier] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archaeol, Balboa, Panama. [Jones, Douglas S.; MacFadden, Bruce J.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Kirby, MX (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archaeol, Balboa, Panama. EM mkirby@flmnh.ufl.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR0642528, OISE0638538]; Smithsonian Institution FX Funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR0642528 and OISE0638538) and the Smithsonian Institution. NR 69 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 30 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 7 AR e2791 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002791 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 420QM UT WOS:000264304300010 PM 18665219 ER PT J AU Perez-Gelabert, DE AF Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. TI Arthropods of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti): A checklist and bibliography SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE arthropoda; Checklist; species; endemics; introduced species; bibliography; Hispaniola; Haiti; Dominican Republic; Greater Antilles; West Indies ID WEST-INDIAN-ISLANDS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; SPECIES GROUP COLEOPTERA; ULV AERIAL APPLICATION; DICHLORVOS RESIDUAL FUMIGANT; PHOLCID SPIDERS ARANEAE; CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS; AFRICAN-SWINE-FEVER; SP-N. DIPTERA; ANTILLEAN NASUTITERMITINAE ISOPTERA AB This work is a first attempt to integrate into one list and quantify all the known species of Hispaniolan arthropods. It includes all the terrestrial and surrounding marine arthropod species (plus those of Tardigrada and Onychophora) known to me to be reported for the island of Hispaniola until the end of 2007, as well as 158 species that are reported here as new records for the Dominican Republic and the island. A total of 8,237 valid species (6,833 extant and 1,404 fossils) are listed, of which the largest component are the insects (5,676 extant and 824 fossil species). Preliminarily, 2,521 arthropod species (36.9%) are considered to be endemic or unique to Hispaniola. Also 84 species are recognized as introduced. The bibliography complements the taxonomic information and includes over 4,000 titles. Brief annotations are also given on the history of entomology in Hispaniola. C1 US Natl Museum Nat Hist, ITIS, Dept Entomol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Perez-Gelabert, DE (reprint author), US Natl Museum Nat Hist, ITIS, Dept Entomol, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM perezd@si.edu NR 4473 TC 70 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 30 PY 2008 IS 1831 BP 1 EP 457 PG 457 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 332QY UT WOS:000258099400001 ER PT J AU Kawai, T Tudge, C AF Kawai, Tadashi Tudge, Christopher TI Re-examination of the type material of Cambaroides schrenckii (Kessler, 1874) (Decapoda : Cambaridae) with a lectotype designation, re-description, and discussion on its phylogenetic position SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID WATER CRAYFISH CAMBAROIDES; CRUSTACEA; ASTACIDEA AB The syntypes of the Russian freshwater crayfish, Cambaroides Schrenckii (Kessler, 1874) and Cambaroides sachalinensis (Birstein & Winogradow, 1934), that were considered lost, were recently found at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Our re-examination has shown that C sachalinensis is a Junior synonym of C. schrenckii. A lectotype of C. schrenckii is designated, and a description is made on the basis of type material and supplemental material recently collected from the Russian Federation. Detailed information oil geographic distribution of this species is provided. Morphology and behavior of juveniles, and the position of spermatophores attached to the adult females also are recorded. The phylogenetic position of this genus IS evaluated based on these characteristics. C1 [Kawai, Tadashi] Hokkaido Wakkanai Fisheries Expt Stn, Wakkanai, Hokkaido 0970001, Japan. [Tudge, Christopher] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kawai, T (reprint author), Hokkaido Wakkanai Fisheries Expt Stn, 4-5-15 Suehiro, Wakkanai, Hokkaido 0970001, Japan. EM kawaita@fishexp.pref.hokkaido.jp; tudgec@si.edu NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 BP 158 EP 176 DI 10.2988/07-29.1 PG 19 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 339YN UT WOS:000258613300003 ER PT J AU Ivanenko, VN Ferrari, FD Dahms, HU AF Ivanenko, V. N. Ferrari, Frank D. Dahms, Hans-Uwe TI Copepodid development of Tegastes falcatus (Norman, 1868) (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Tegastidae) with a discussion of the male genital somite SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID FLUSTRA-FOLIACEA; WHITE SEA; SIPHONOSTOMATOIDA; ASTEROCHERIDAE; REDESCRIPTION; HOMOLOGIES; NAUPLII; FAMILY; GENUS AB The lateral face of the cephalosome deepens progressively during the six stages of copepodid development of Tegastes falcatus. A simple aesthetasc on the second from the proximal segment of the antennule is transformed into a bifurcate aesthetasc during the molt to copepodid II. Copepodids II-VI bear eight setae on the caudal ramus, a number unique to copepods. Formation of the arthrodial membrane separating the middle segment and distal complex of the endopod of swimming legs 2-4 is delayed until CVI, one stage later than the exopod. Gender dimorphism initially is observed in antennular segmentation, setation of the maxilliped and rami present on leg 5 at copepodid IV. At copepodid V, males and females differ in antennular segmentation, rami present on leg 5 and the shape of leg 6. Gender dimorphism at copepodid VI also includes the shape of the cephalosome, of the genital triple-somite complex, and of one seta on the caudal ramus. The morphology of the ventral attenuation of the sixth and seventh thoracic somites, the anterior abdominal somite, and the degree of rotation of leg 6 are compared for males of Tegastes falcatus, T gemmeus, T ctenidus, Parategastes conexus and Syngastes sp. Tegastes is composed of species whose females and males have a genital triple-somite (sixth and seventh thoracic somites plus the anterior abdominal somite not separated by arthrodial membranes). Tegastidae are diagnosed as species with the rami of leg 1 unsegmented and basis elongate; male genital somite (seventh thoracic) extended ventrally; male leg 6 present only on one side; protopod of male leg 6 unarmed; female embryo sac with 3-4 embryos; female leg 5 with broad baseoendopod forming embryo sac chamber. Species of the lineage Tegastidae plus Peltidiidae have males with an asymmetrical leg 6 in addition to the rectangular distal basal endite of the maxillule noted by Selfried (2003). A stout ventral spine with hyallne membrane on the distal segment complex of the exopod of swimming leg 4 also may be a synapomorphy for this lineage. C1 [Ferrari, Frank D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, IZ MSC, MRC 534, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Ivanenko, V. N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Dahms, Hans-Uwe] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Chilung 202, Taiwan. RP Ferrari, FD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, IZ MSC, MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RI Ivanenko, Viatcheslav/B-8198-2008 OI Ivanenko, Viatcheslav/0000-0003-1255-0491 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 BP 191 EP 225 DI 10.2988/07-32.1 PG 35 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 339YN UT WOS:000258613300005 ER PT J AU Rudjakov, JA Kornicker, LS AF Rudjakov, Jury A. Kornicker, Louis S. TI Description of the adult male Cypridinodes plax kornicker, 1991, from Samoa (Crustacea : Ostracoda : Myodocopa) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGY AB The adult male of Cypridinodes plax Kornicker, 1991 collected oil the Dana Expedition of 1928 in Apia Harbor, Samoa, is described and illustrated. Two male specimens from the same station that had been previously referred to Cypridinodes asymmetrica (Mulller, 1906) by Poulsen (1962) were examined and found to be Cypridinodes plax Kornicker, 1991. C1 [Kornicker, Louis S.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Rudjakov, Jury A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kornicker, LS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM jrudyako@oeb.harvard.edu; kornickl@si.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 BP 226 EP 236 DI 10.2988/07-22.1 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 339YN UT WOS:000258613300006 ER PT J AU Kornicker, LS Iliffe, TM Harrison-Nelson, E AF Kornicker, Louis S. Iliffe, Thomas M. Harrison-Nelson, Elizabeth TI Ostracoda of Moss Town Blue Hole, Great Exuma island, Great Bahama Bank (Crustacea : Ostracoda : Myodocopa) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Eight species of myodocopid Ostracoda (six Myodocopina, one Halocypridina, and one Cladocopina) are reported from 30 to 60 m depths in Moss Town Blue Hole, an ocean blue hole located in a bay on the west side of Great Exuma Island, Exuma Cays, Great Bahama Bank. The collection from Moss Town Blue Hole contained no new species, but five species had not been reported previously from the blue holes of Great Exuma Island, and three species had not been reported previously from the blue holes of the Exuma Cays. The collection provided the opportunity to describe the adult male and female, as well as early instars, of Eusarsiella fax and Metapolycope duplex, and the adult female of Eusarsiella merx, and also, to compare the ostracode populations in the various niches in the Exumas. C1 [Kornicker, Louis S.; Harrison-Nelson, Elizabeth] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Iliffe, Thomas M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. RP Kornicker, LS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL 29 PY 2008 VL 121 IS 2 BP 237 EP 268 DI 10.2988/07-31.1 PG 32 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 339YN UT WOS:000258613300007 ER PT J AU Pojeta, J DuFoe, J AF Pojeta, John, Jr. DuFoe, Jimmie TI New information about Echinochiton dufoei, the Ordovician spiny chiton SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Chiton Research CY JUL 31, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE mollusca; polyplacophora; fossil; Wisconsin ID INVERTEBRATE EVOLUTION; VERMIFORM MOLLUSK; POLYPLACOPHORA; ACAENOPLAX; POLYCHAETE; ENGLAND AB Echinochiton dufoei Pojeta et al., 2003 is now known from seven specimens. The new material shows the anterior end and allows for a full reconstruction of the animal. The hollow spines are circumsomal; they were flexible and perhaps moveable in rotary anterior-posterior directions. Possible functions for the hollow spines are discussed. The relationships of E. dufoei to other chitons and to other molluscs and mollusc-like organisms are presented. C1 [Pojeta, John, Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Pojeta, John, Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Pojeta, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM pojetaj@si.edu; jdufoe2001@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PD JUL 28 PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 34 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 335TN UT WOS:000258313800004 ER PT J AU Ricklefs, R Bermingham, E AF Ricklefs, Robert Bermingham, Eldredge TI The West Indies as a laboratory of biogeography and evolution SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE island biogeography; colonization; extinction; speciation; adaptive radiation; diversification ID SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP; LESSER ANTILLEAN BIRDS; THREATENED MONTSERRAT ORIOLE; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; PASSERINE BIRDS; CARIBBEAN BIOGEOGRAPHY; DOMINICAN AMBER; MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSIFICATION AB Islands have long provided material and inspiration for the study of evolution and ecology. The West Indies are complex historically and geographically, providing a rich backdrop for the analysis of colonization, diversification and extinction of species. They are sufficiently isolated to sustain endemic forms and close enough to sources of colonists to develop a dynamic interaction with surrounding continental regions. The Greater Antilles comprise old fragments of continental crust, some very large; the Lesser Antilles are a more recent volcanic island arc, and the low-lying Bahama Islands are scattered on a shallow oceanic platform. Dating of island lineages using molecular methods indicates over-water dispersal of most inhabitants of the West Indies, although direct connections with what is now southern Mexico in the Early Tertiary, and subsequent land bridges or stepping stone islands linking to Central and South America might also have facilitated colonization. Species-area relationships within the West Indies suggest a strong role for endemic radiations and extinction in shaping patterns of diversity. Diversification is promoted by opportunities for allopatric divergence between islands, or within the large islands of the Greater Antilles, with a classic example provided by the Anolis lizards. The timing of colonization events using molecular clocks permits analysis of colonization-extinction dynamics by means of species accumulation curves. These indicate low rates of colonization and extinction for reptiles and amphibians in the Greater Antilles, with estimated average persistence times of lineages in the West Indies exceeding 30 Myr. Even though individual island populations of birds might persist an average of 2 Myr on larger islands in the Lesser Antilles, recolonization from within the archipelago appears to maintain avian lineages within the island chain indefinitely. Birds of the Lesser Antilles also provide evidence of a mass extinction event within the past million years, emphasizing the time-heterogeneity of historical processes. Geographical dynamics are matched by ecological changes in the distribution of species within islands over time resulting from adaptive radiation and shifts in habitat, often following repeatable patterns. Although extinction is relatively infrequent under natural conditions, changes in island environments as a result of human activities have exterminated many populations and others especially old, endemic species-remain vulnerable. Conservation efforts are strengthened by recognition of aesthetic, cultural and scientific values of the unique flora and fauna of the West Indies. C1 [Ricklefs, Robert] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Bermingham, Eldredge] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, Panama City, Panama. RP Ricklefs, R (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM ricklefs@umsl.edu NR 211 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 7 U2 47 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 27 PY 2008 VL 363 IS 1502 BP 2393 EP 2413 DI 10.1098/rstb.2007.2068 PG 21 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 312YW UT WOS:000256709300002 PM 17446164 ER PT J AU Kocsis, B Loeb, A AF Kocsis, Bence Loeb, Abraham TI Brightening of an accretion disk due to viscous dissipation of gravitational waves during the coalescence of supermassive black holes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAS DISK; BINARY; RADIATION; STARS AB Mergers of supermassive black hole binaries release peak power of up to similar to 10(57)erg s(-1) in gravitational waves (GWs). As the GWs propagate through ambient gas, they induce shear and a small fraction of their power is dissipated through viscosity. The dissipated heat appears as electromagnetic (EM) radiation, providing a prompt EM counterpart to the GW signal. For thin accretion disks, the GW heating rate exceeds the accretion power at distances farther than similar to 10(3) Schwarzschild radii, independently of the accretion rate and viscosity coefficient. C1 [Kocsis, Bence; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kocsis, B (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Kocsis, Bence/C-3061-2013 OI Kocsis, Bence/0000-0002-4865-7517 FU OTKA [68228]; Hungarian National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH) FX We thank Z. Haiman, K. Menou, R. Narayan, G. Rybicki, and S. Shapiro for helpful comments. B. K. acknowledges support from OTKA Grant No. 68228 and Polanyi Program of the Hungarian National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH). NR 37 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 AR 041101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.041101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337HV UT WOS:000258427100007 PM 18764315 ER PT J AU Xiao, YH Klein, M Hohensee, M Jiang, L Phillips, F Lukin, MD Walsworth, RL AF Xiao, Yanhong Klein, Mason Hohensee, Michael Jiang, Liang Phillips, F. Lukin, Mikhail D. Walsworth, Ronald L. TI Slow light beam splitter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; FREQUENCY STANDARDS; LINEAR OPTICS; ATOMIC VAPOR; CELLS; STORAGE; GAS AB We demonstrate a slow light beam splitter using rapid coherence transport in a wall-coated atomic vapor cell. We show that particles undergoing random and undirected classical motion can mediate coherent interactions between two or more optical modes. Coherence, written into atoms via electromagnetically induced transparency using an input optical signal at one transverse position, spreads out via ballistic atomic motion, is preserved by an antirelaxation wall coating, and is then retrieved in outgoing slow light signals in both the input channel and a spatially-separated second channel. The splitting ratio between the two output channels can be tuned by adjusting the laser power. The slow light beam splitter may improve quantum repeater performance and be useful as an all-optical dynamically reconfigurable router. C1 [Xiao, Yanhong; Klein, Mason; Hohensee, Michael; Phillips, F.; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Klein, Mason; Hohensee, Michael; Jiang, Liang; Lukin, Mikhail D.; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Xiao, YH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Jiang, Liang/A-9847-2008; OI Jiang, Liang/0000-0002-0000-9342; Hohensee, Michael/0000-0002-8106-4502 NR 32 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 AR 043601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.043601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 337HV UT WOS:000258427100019 PM 18764327 ER PT J AU Carpenter, KE Abrar, M Aeby, G Aronson, RB Banks, S Bruckner, A Chiriboga, A Cortes, J Delbeek, JC DeVantier, L Edgar, GJ Edwards, AJ Fenner, D Guzman, HM Hoeksema, BW Hodgson, G Johan, O Licuanan, WY Livingstone, SR Lovell, ER Moore, JA Obura, DO Ochavillo, D Polidoro, BA Precht, WF Quibilan, MC Reboton, C Richards, ZT Rogers, AD Sanciangco, J Sheppard, A Sheppard, C Smith, J Stuart, S Turak, E Veron, JEN Wallace, C Weil, E Wood, E AF Carpenter, Kent E. Abrar, Muhammad Aeby, Greta Aronson, Richard B. Banks, Stuart Bruckner, Andrew Chiriboga, Angel Cortes, Jorge Delbeek, J. Charles DeVantier, Lyndon Edgar, Graham J. Edwards, Alasdair J. Fenner, Douglas Guzman, Hector M. Hoeksema, Bert W. Hodgson, Gregor Johan, Ofri Licuanan, Wilfredo Y. Livingstone, Suzanne R. Lovell, Edward R. Moore, Jennifer A. Obura, David O. Ochavillo, Domingo Polidoro, Beth A. Precht, William F. Quibilan, Miledel C. Reboton, Clarissa Richards, Zoe T. Rogers, Alex D. Sanciangco, Jonnell Sheppard, Anne Sheppard, Charles Smith, Jennifer Stuart, Simon Turak, Emre Veron, John E. N. Wallace, Carden Weil, Ernesto Wood, Elizabeth TI One-third of reef-building corals face elevated extinction risk from climate change and local impacts SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEMS; DISEASE AB The conservation status of 845 zooxanthellate reef- building coral species was assessed by using International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Criteria. Of the 704 species that could be assigned conservation status, 32.8% are in categories with elevated risk of extinction. Declines in abundance are associated with bleaching and diseases driven by elevated sea surface temperatures, with extinction risk further exacerbated by local- scale anthropogenic disturbances. The proportion of corals threatened with extinction has increased dramatically in recent decades and exceeds that of most terrestrial groups. The Caribbean has the largest proportion of corals in high extinction risk categories, whereas the Coral Triangle ( western Pacific) has the highest proportion of species in all categories of elevated extinction risk. Our results emphasize the widespread plight of coral reefs and the urgent need to enact conservation measures. C1 [Carpenter, Kent E.; Livingstone, Suzanne R.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Sanciangco, Jonnell; Smith, Jennifer] Old Dominion Univ, IUCN Species Programme SSC & CI Global Marine Spe, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Abrar, Muhammad] Indonesian Inst Sci, Res Ctr Oceanog, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Aeby, Greta] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Aronson, Richard B.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Banks, Stuart] Charles Darwin Res Stn Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador. [Bruckner, Andrew] NOAA Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Bruckner, Andrew] NOAA Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Chiriboga, Angel] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Cortes, Jorge] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar & Limnol CIMAR, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Delbeek, J. Charles] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Waikiki Aquarium, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [DeVantier, Lyndon; Turak, Emre; Veron, John E. N.] Coral Reef Res, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Edgar, Graham J.] CI, CABS, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Edgar, Graham J.] Univ Tasmania, Tasmanian Aquaculture & Fisheries Inst, Hobart, Tas 7011, Australia. [Edwards, Alasdair J.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Fenner, Douglas] Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago, AS USA. [Guzman, Hector M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Panama. [Hoeksema, Bert W.] Natl Museum Nat Hist Naturalis, NL-2333 AA Leiden, Netherlands. [Hodgson, Gregor] Reef Check Fdn, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. [Johan, Ofri] Res Ctr Aquaculture, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Licuanan, Wilfredo Y.] De La Salle Univ, Dept Biol, Manila, Philippines. [Licuanan, Wilfredo Y.] De La Salle Univ, Shields Marine Stn, Manila, Philippines. [Lovell, Edward R.] Univ S Pacific, Sch Marine Studies, Suva, Fiji. [Moore, Jennifer A.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Obura, David O.] CORDIO E Africa, Mombasa, Kenya. [Ochavillo, Domingo] Reef Check Philippines, Manila, Philippines. [Precht, William F.] NOAA, Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Damage Assessment & Restorat Program, Key Largo, FL 33040 USA. [Quibilan, Miledel C.] CI Philippines, Sulu Sulawesi Seascape Program, Quezon City, Philippines. [Reboton, Clarissa] Silliman Univ, Inst Environm & Marine Sci, Dumaguete, Philippines. [Richards, Zoe T.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Rogers, Alex D.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Sheppard, Anne; Sheppard, Charles] Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Stuart, Simon] Conservat Int, IUCN SSC, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Stuart, Simon] Conservat Int, CI CABS Biodivers Assessment Unit, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Wallace, Carden] Museum Trop Queensland, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Weil, Ernesto] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Lajas, PR USA. [Wood, Elizabeth] Marine Conservat Soc, Ross On Wye, Herts, England. RP Carpenter, KE (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, IUCN Species Programme SSC & CI Global Marine Spe, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM kcarpent@odu.edu RI Edwards, Alasdair/C-9558-2009; Hoeksema, Bert/B-2973-2010; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Edgar, Graham/C-8341-2013; OI Edwards, Alasdair/0000-0002-2979-7389; Hoeksema, Bert/0000-0001-8259-3783; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Edgar, Graham/0000-0003-0833-9001; Obura, David/0000-0003-2256-6649 NR 24 TC 474 Z9 495 U1 57 U2 435 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 25 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5888 BP 560 EP 563 DI 10.1126/science.1159196 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 329RS UT WOS:000257888900047 PM 18653892 ER PT J AU Kuris, AM Hechinger, RF Shaw, JC Whitney, KL Aguirre-Macedo, L Boch, CA Dobson, AP Dunham, EJ Fredensborg, BL Huspeni, TC Lorda, J Mababa, L Mancini, FT Mora, AB Pickering, M Talhouk, NL Torchin, ME Lafferty, KD AF Kuris, Armand M. Hechinger, Ryan F. Shaw, Jenny C. Whitney, Kathleen L. Aguirre-Macedo, Leopoldina Boch, Charlie A. Dobson, Andrew P. Dunham, Eleca J. Fredensborg, Brian L. Huspeni, Todd C. Lorda, Julio Mababa, Luzviminda Mancini, Frank T. Mora, Adrienne B. Pickering, Maria Talhouk, Nadia L. Torchin, Mark E. Lafferty, Kevin D. TI Ecosystem energetic implications of parasite and free-living biomass in three estuaries SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; BODY-SIZE; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB Parasites can have strong impacts but are thought to contribute little biomass to ecosystems(1-3). We quantified the biomass of free-living and parasitic species in three estuaries on the Pacific coast of California and Baja California. Here we show that parasites have substantial biomass in these ecosystems. We found that parasite biomass exceeded that of top predators. The biomass of trematodes was particularly high, being comparable to that of the abundant birds, fishes, burrowing shrimps and polychaetes. Trophically transmitted parasites and parasitic castrators subsumed more biomass than did other parasitic functional groups. The extended phenotype biomass controlled by parasitic castrators sometimes exceeded that of their uninfected hosts. The annual production of free-swimming trematode transmission stages was greater than the combined biomass of all quantified parasites and was also greater than bird biomass. This biomass and productivity of parasites implies a profound role for infectious processes in these estuaries. C1 [Kuris, Armand M.; Hechinger, Ryan F.; Shaw, Jenny C.; Whitney, Kathleen L.; Boch, Charlie A.; Lorda, Julio; Mababa, Luzviminda; Talhouk, Nadia L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Aguirre-Macedo, Leopoldina] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estud Avanzados, Merida 97310, Mexico. [Dobson, Andrew P.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dunham, Eleca J.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fredensborg, Brian L.] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Biol, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. [Huspeni, Todd C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Mancini, Frank T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Mora, Adrienne B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Pickering, Maria] Univ Connecticut, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Torchin, Mark E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 03092, Panama. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Western Ecol Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Kuris, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM kuris@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Aguirre-Macedo, Ma Leopoldina/A-2511-2008; Lorda, Julio/A-3951-2009; Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Hechinger, Ryan/F-6754-2010; Fredensborg, Brian/A-5632-2010; Fredensborg, Brian Lund/G-1548-2014 OI Aguirre-Macedo, Ma Leopoldina/0000-0002-3910-8305; Lorda, Julio/0000-0002-4293-7518; Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Fredensborg, Brian Lund/0000-0002-4837-5974 NR 30 TC 213 Z9 224 U1 12 U2 136 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 24 PY 2008 VL 454 IS 7203 BP 515 EP 518 DI 10.1038/nature06970 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 329IC UT WOS:000257860300051 PM 18650923 ER PT J AU Solomon, SE Bacci, M Martins, J Vinha, GG Mueller, UG AF Solomon, Scott E. Bacci, Mauricio, Jr. Martins, Joaquim, Jr. Vinha, Giovanna Goncalves Mueller, Ulrich G. TI Paleodistributions and Comparative Molecular Phylogeography of Leafcutter Ants (Atta spp.) Provide New Insight into the Origins of Amazonian Diversity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; LEAF-CUTTING ANTS; RAIN-FOREST; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; SOUTH-AMERICA; HISTORICAL DIVERSIFICATION; STATISTICAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; HELICONIUS BUTTERFLIES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS AB The evolutionary basis for high species diversity in tropical regions of the world remains unresolved. Much research has focused on the biogeography of speciation in the Amazon Basin, which harbors the greatest diversity of terrestrial life. The leading hypotheses on allopatric diversification of Amazonian taxa are the Pleistocene refugia, marine incursion, and riverine barrier hypotheses. Recent advances in the fields of phylogeography and species-distribution modeling permit a modern re-evaluation of these hypotheses. Our approach combines comparative, molecular phylogeographic analyses using mitochondrial DNA sequence data with paleodistribution modeling of species ranges at the last glacial maximum (LGM) to test these hypotheses for three co-distributed species of leafcutter ants (Atta spp.). The cumulative results of all tests reject every prediction of the riverine barrier hypothesis, but are unable to reject several predictions of the Pleistocene refugia and marine incursion hypotheses. Coalescent dating analyses suggest that population structure formed recently (Pleistocene-Pliocene), but are unable to reject the possibility that Miocene events may be responsible for structuring populations in two of the three species examined. The available data therefore suggest that either marine incursions in the Miocene or climate changes during the Pleistocene-or both-have shaped the population structure of the three species examined. Our results also reconceptualize the traditional Pleistocene refugia hypothesis, and offer a novel framework for future research into the area. C1 [Solomon, Scott E.; Mueller, Ulrich G.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Solomon, Scott E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC USA. [Solomon, Scott E.; Bacci, Mauricio, Jr.; Martins, Joaquim, Jr.; Vinha, Giovanna Goncalves] Sao Paulo State Univ, Ctr Study Social, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Solomon, SE (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM solomons@si.edu RI Martins Junior, Joaquim/G-1319-2010 OI Martins Junior, Joaquim/0000-0002-6559-8045 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0407772]; The University of Texas at Austin [graduate fellowships]; Amazon Conservation Association; NSF [07012333]; FAPESP [06/00185-7, 05/54250-1]; CAPES [Aux-UT-165/2005]; CNPq [310826/2006-3, 479990/2006-9]; [DEB-0110073] FX S.E.S. was funded by a DDIG grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB 0407772), the IGERT program in computational phylogenetics at The University of Texas at Austin, graduate fellowships from the Section of Integrative Biology at The University of Texas at Austin, and a grant from the Amazon Conservation Association and the NSF International Reseach Fellowship Program (IRFP #07012333). MBJ was funded by FAPESP (06/00185-7), CAPES (Aux-UT-165/2005) and CNPq (310826/2006-3 and 479990/2006-9). J.M.J. was funded by CAPES (Brazil). G.G.V was funded by FAPESP (05/54250-1). Additional funding was provided by NSF IRCEB Grant DEB-0110073 to U.G.M. NR 133 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 23 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 7 AR e2738 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002738 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 420PY UT WOS:000264302900009 PM 18648512 ER PT J AU Miller, KB Spangler, PJ AF Miller, Kelly B. Spangler, Paul J. TI Fontidessus Miller and Spangler, a new genus of Bidessini from Venezuela (Coleoptera : Dytiscidae : Hydroporinae) with three new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE diving beetles; classification; taxonomy; new genus; new species; Venezuela ID PHYLOGENY AB A new genus, Fontidessus n. gen., and three new species F. toboganensis n. sp., F. ornatus n. sp., and F. wheeleri n. sp., are described from Venezuela. The new genus is similar to Uvarus and Bidessodes but is distinguished from all other Bidessini (including these) by a combination of the following: 1) transverse occipital line absent, 2) basal pronotal striae present, 3) basal elytral stria absent, 4) elytral sutural stria faintly present in some specimens, 5) anterior clypeal margin unmodified, 6) elytron without longitudinal carinae, 7) epipleuron without transverse carina at humeral angle, 8) lateral lobes of aedeagus two-segmented, 9) habitus elongate, oval, with lateral pronotal and elytral margins nearly continuously and shallowly curved, and 10) metatrochanter extremely large relative to metafemur, approximately 0.6 x length of metafemur. C1 [Miller, Kelly B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol & Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Spangler, Paul J.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Miller, KB (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol & Museum SW Biol, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM kbmiller@unm.edu RI Miller, Kelly/I-6651-2012 NR 6 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 23 PY 2008 IS 1827 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 329SF UT WOS:000257890200002 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Solares, EA Walton, NA Greimel, R Drew, JE Irwin, MJ Sale, SE Andrews, K Aungwerojwit, A Barlow, MJ van den Besselaar, E Corradi, RLM Gansicke, BT Groot, PJ Hales, AS Hopewell, EC Hu, H Irwin, J Knigge, C Lagadec, E Leisy, P Lewis, JR Mampaso, A Matsuura, M Moont, B Morales-Rueda, L Morris, RAH Naylor, T Parker, QA Prema, P Pyrzas, S Rixon, GT Rodriguez-Gil, P Roelofs, G Sabin, L Skillen, I Suso, J Tata, R Viironen, K Vink, JS Witham, A Wright, NJ Zijlstra, AA Zurita, A Drake, J Fabregat, J Lennon, DJ Lucas, PW Martin, EL Phillipps, S Steeghs, D Unruh, YC AF Gonzalez-Solares, E. A. Walton, N. A. Greimel, R. Drew, J. E. Irwin, M. J. Sale, S. E. Andrews, K. Aungwerojwit, A. Barlow, M. J. van den Besselaar, E. Corradi, R. L. M. Gansicke, B. T. Groot, P. J. Hales, A. S. Hopewell, E. C. Hu, H. Irwin, J. Knigge, C. Lagadec, E. Leisy, P. Lewis, J. R. Mampaso, A. Matsuura, M. Moont, B. Morales-Rueda, L. Morris, R. A. H. Naylor, T. Parker, Q. A. Prema, P. Pyrzas, S. Rixon, G. T. Rodriguez-Gil, P. Roelofs, G. Sabin, L. Skillen, I. Suso, J. Tata, R. Viironen, K. Vink, J. S. Witham, A. Wright, N. J. Zijlstra, A. A. Zurita, A. Drake, J. Fabregat, J. Lennon, D. J. Lucas, P. W. Martin, E. L. Phillipps, S. Steeghs, D. Unruh, Y. C. TI Initial data release from the INT Photometric H alpha Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane (IPHAS) SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE catalogues; surveys; stars : emission line, Be; Galaxy : stellar content ID SKY SURVEY; STANDARD STARS; COUNTS; NEBULA; DISCOVERIES; MAGNITUDE; EMISSION; CATALOG; CYG-OB2; FLUX AB The INT/WFC Photometric H alpha Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane (IPHAS) is an imaging survey being carried out in H alpha, r'and i' filters, with the Wide Field Camera (WFC) on the 2.5-m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) to a depth of r' = 20 (10 sigma). The survey is aimed at revealing the large scale organization of the Milky Way and can be applied to identifying a range of stellar populations within it. Mapping emission line objects enables a particular focus on objects in the young and old stages of stellar evolution ranging from early T-Tauri stars to late planetary nebulae. In this paper we present the IPHAS Initial Data Release, primarily a photometric catalogue of about 200 million unique objects, coupled with associated image data covering about 1600 deg(2) in three passbands. We note how access to the primary data products has been implemented through use of standard virtual observatory publishing interfaces. Simple traditional web access is provided to the main IPHAS photometric catalogue, in addition to a number of common catalogues (such as 2MASS) which are of immediate relevance. Access through the AstroGrid VO Desktop opens up the full range of analysis options, and allows full integration with the wider range of data and services available through the Virtual Observatory. The IDR represents the largest data set published primarily through VO interfaces to date, and so stands as an exemplar of the future of survey data mining. Examples of data access are given, including a cross-matching of IPHAS photometry with sources in the UKIDSS Galactic Plane Survey that validates the existing calibration of the best data. C1 [Gonzalez-Solares, E. A.; Walton, N. A.; Irwin, M. J.; Irwin, J.; Lewis, J. R.; Prema, P.; Rixon, G. T.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Greimel, R.; Corradi, R. L. M.; Leisy, P.; Skillen, I.; Lennon, D. J.] Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, E-38700 Tenerife, Spain. [Greimel, R.] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Drew, J. E.; Sale, S. E.; Hopewell, E. C.; Moont, B.; Unruh, Y. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Naresuan Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Santa Cruz Tene, Spain. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Astrophys Grp, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Univ Valencia, Observ Astron Valencia, Paterna Valencia 46071, Spain. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Armagh Observ, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor & Cosmos, E-18071 Granada, Spain. RP Gonzalez-Solares, EA (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM eglez@ast.cam.ac.uk RI Barlow, Michael/A-5638-2009; Sale, Stuart/E-1815-2010; Gaensicke, Boris/A-9421-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Zurita, Almudena/A-2218-2015; Naylor, Tim /A-9465-2015; Suso , Julia/F-8076-2016; Fabregat, Juan/F-9066-2016; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016; Rodriguez-Gil, Pablo/H-7709-2015; OI Lennon, Daniel/0000-0003-3063-4867; Phillipps, Steven/0000-0001-5991-3486; Unruh, Yvonne/0000-0001-8217-6998; Barlow, Michael/0000-0002-3875-1171; Gaensicke, Boris/0000-0002-2761-3005; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Fabregat, Juan/0000-0002-5986-9347; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X; Rodriguez-Gil, Pablo/0000-0002-4717-5102; Sale, Stuart/0000-0003-2155-0995 NR 37 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 388 IS 1 BP 89 EP 104 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13399.x PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 327CD UT WOS:000257706300027 ER PT J AU Moss, D Saar, SH Sokoloff, D AF Moss, David Saar, Steven H. Sokoloff, Dmitry TI What can we hope to know about the symmetry properties of stellar magnetic fields? SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : magnetic fields; stars : activity; stars : late-type ID LONG-TERM PHOTOMETRY; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; MAUNDER MINIMUM; SOLAR DYNAMO; TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS; ACTIVE LONGITUDES; UX-ARIETIS; CYCLES; FLUX; CONVECTION AB We summarize evidence that neither dynamo theory nor the observational data give strong support to the idea that stellar magnetic fields must have dipolar rather than quadrupolar symmetry with respect to the stellar equator. We demonstrate that even the most basic model for magnetic stellar activity, i.e. the Parker migratory dynamo, provides many possibilities for the excitation of large-scale stellar magnetic fields of non-dipolar symmetry. We demonstrate the spontaneous transition of the dynamo-excited magnetic field from one symmetry type to another. We explore observational tests to distinguish between the two types of magnetic field symmetry, and thus detect the presence of quadrupolar magnetic symmetry in stars. Complete absence of quadrupolar symmetry would present a distinct challenge for contemporary stellar dynamo theory. We revisit some observations which, depending on further clarification, may already be revealing some properties of the quadrupolar component of the magnetic fields generated by stellar dynamos. C1 [Moss, David] Univ Manchester, Sch Math, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Saar, Steven H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sokoloff, Dmitry] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. RP Moss, D (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Math, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM moss@ma.man.ac.uk; saar@cfa.harvard.edu; sokoloff@dds.srcc.msu.su NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 388 IS 1 BP 416 EP 420 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13404.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 327CD UT WOS:000257706300054 ER PT J AU Steiner, WE AF Steiner, Warren E., Jr. TI Ground beetles (Coleoptera : Carabidae) of Navassa island, West Indies SO ANNALS OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of Carabidologists/George E Ball Birthday Celebration CY JUN 07-10, 2006 CL Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Pittsburgh, PA HO Carnegie Museum Nat Hist DE antilles; biodiversity; Carabidae; Caribbean; colonization; extinction; ground beetles; habitat; island biogeography; Navassa AB Nine species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) ire reported for the first time From Navassa, a small island located Centrally among the Greater Antilles. The unihabited island, a U.S. National Wildlife Refuge, has rugged karst surface with lorested areas of low tree diversity and open savanna or exposed rock habitats. Specimen label data,including habitat and collection notes, are given along with comments oil the known distribution of each species. All species are of small size, are fully winged, and known to occur on adjacent larger islands or are widespreads region. The small number of species is attributed to the island's size of only 5.2 km and its lack of sand beach, mud, flat, and riparian habitats. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Steiner, WE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NHB-187, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM steincrw@si.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU CARNEGIE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI PITTSBURGH PA 4400 FORBES AVE, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 0097-4463 EI 1943-6300 J9 ANN CARNEGIE MUS JI Ann. Carnegie Mus. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.2992/0097-4463-77.1.129 PG 6 WC Paleontology; Zoology SC Paleontology; Zoology GA 339UD UT WOS:000258601900010 ER PT J AU Erwin, TL AF Erwin, Terry L. TI A review of Gallerucidia Chaudoir (Carabidae : Lebiini : Gallerucidiina): Their occurrences, ways of life, and another genus record for Costa Rica SO ANNALS OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of Carabidologists/George E Ball Birthday Celebration CY JUN 07-10, 2006 CL Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Pittsburgh, PA HO Carnegie Museum Nat Hist DE Carabidae; Costa Rica; dominio neotropical; dommio oriental; Gallerucidia chaudoir; Lebidia morawitz; Lebiini ID COLEOPTERA; CLASSIFICATION; CICINDINI; EVOLUTION AB The Lebiini subtribe Gallerucidiina, is composed of two genera; the New World genus Gallerucidia Chaudoir and the Old World genus Lehidia Morawitz. This paper provides diagnoses of, these genera as well as diagnoses, redescriptions, illustrations and distributional data of the five known species of Gallerucidia. Quite amazingly, the Oriental species Lebidia bioculata Morawitz has apparently been introduced to Venezuela. Identification keys are provided to the species of Neotropical Gallerucidiina and to the eight subtribes of Lebiini known to occur Costa Rica. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Hyper Divers Grp, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Erwin, TL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Hyper Divers Grp, MRC-187,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM erwint@si.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CARNEGIE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY PI PITTSBURGH PA 4400 FORBES AVE, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 0097-4463 EI 1943-6300 J9 ANN CARNEGIE MUS JI Ann. Carnegie Mus. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 77 IS 1 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.2992/0097-4463-77.1.135 PG 12 WC Paleontology; Zoology SC Paleontology; Zoology GA 339UD UT WOS:000258601900011 ER PT J AU Giacintucci, S Vrtilek, JM Murgia, M Raychaudhury, S O'Sullivan, EJ Venturi, T David, LP Mazzotta, P Clarke, TE Athreya, RM AF Giacintucci, Simona Vrtilek, Jan M. Murgia, Matteo Raychaudhury, Somak O'Sullivan, Ewan J. Venturi, Tiziana David, Laurence P. Mazzotta, Pasquale Clarke, Tracy E. Athreya, Ramana M. TI A giant metrewave radio telescope multifrequency radio study of the isothermal core of the poor galaxy cluster AWM 4 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual (AWM4); intergalactic medium; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; COOLING FLOWS; ABELL CLUSTERS; SKY SURVEY; DYNAMICAL MODELS; 1ST SURVEY; JETS; GHZ; ACCRETION; FEEDBACK AB We present a detailed radio morphological study and spectral analysis of the wide-angle tail radio source 4C + 24.36 associated with the dominant galaxy in the relaxed galaxy cluster AWM4. Our study is based on new high-sensitivity GMRT observations at 235, 327, and 610 MHz and on literature and archival data at other frequencies. We find that the source major axis is likely oriented at a small angle with respect to the plane of the sky. The wide-angle tail morphology can be reasonably explained by adopting a simple hydrodynamical model in which both ram pressure ( driven by the motion of the host galaxy) and buoyancy forces contribute to bend the radio structure. The spectral index progressively steepens along the source major axis from alpha similar to 0: 3 in the region close to the radio nucleus to beyond 1.5 in the lobes. The results of the analysis of the spectral index image allow us to derive an estimate of the radiative age of the source of similar to 160 Myr. The cluster X-ray-emitting gas has a relaxed morphology and short cooling time, but its temperature profile is isothermal out to at least 160 kpc from the center. Therefore, we seek evidence of energy ejection from the central AGN to prevent catastrophic cooling. We find that the energy injected by 4C + 24.36 in the form of synchrotron luminosity during its lifetime is far less than the energy required to maintain the high gas temperature in the core. We also find that it is not possible for the central source to eject the requisite energy in the intracluster gas in terms of the enthalpy of buoyant bubbles of relativistic fluid, without creating discernible large cavities in the existing X-ray XMM-Newton observations. C1 [Giacintucci, Simona; Murgia, Matteo; Venturi, Tiziana] Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Giacintucci, Simona; Vrtilek, Jan M.; Raychaudhury, Somak; O'Sullivan, Ewan J.; David, Laurence P.; Mazzotta, Pasquale] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Murgia, Matteo] Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, INAF, I-09012 Capoterra, Italy. [Raychaudhury, Somak] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Mazzotta, Pasquale] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Clarke, Tracy E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Clarke, Tracy E.] Interferometr Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Athreya, Ramana M.] Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. RP Giacintucci, S (reprint author), Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM sgiaci_s@ira.inaf.it RI Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016; OI Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748; Venturi, Tiziana/0000-0002-8476-6307; Murgia, Matteo/0000-0002-4800-0806; O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900 NR 96 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP 186 EP 198 DI 10.1086/589280 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328YL UT WOS:000257834000015 ER PT J AU Woodley, KA Raychaudhury, S Kraft, RP Harris, WE Jordan, A Whitaker, KE Jones, C Forman, WR Murray, SS AF Woodley, Kristin A. Raychaudhury, Somak Kraft, Ralph P. Harris, William E. Jordan, Andres Whitaker, Katherine E. Jones, Christine Forman, William R. Murray, Stephen S. TI Globular clusters and X-ray point sources in Centaurus A (NGC 5128) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : individual (NGC 5128); globular clusters : general; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : galaxies ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NGC 5128; WASHINGTON PHOTOMETRY; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; RELATIVE AGES; BINARIES; METALLICITY AB We detect 353 X-ray point sources, mostly low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), in four Chandra observations of Centaurus A (NGC 5128), the nearest giant early-type galaxy, and correlate this point-source population with the largest available ensemble of confirmed and likely globular clusters (GCs) associated with this galaxy. Of the X-ray sources, 31 are coincident with 30 GCs that are confirmed members of the galaxy by radial velocity measurement ( two X-ray sources match one GC within our search radius), while one X-ray source coincides with a GC resolved by Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images. Another 36 X-ray point sources match probable, but spectroscopically unconfirmed, GC candidates. The color distribution of GCs and cluster candidates in Cen A is bimodal, and the probability that a red, metal-rich GC candidate contains an LMXB is at least 1.7 times that of a blue, metal-poor one. If we consider only spectroscopically confirmed GCs, this ratio increases to similar to 3. We find that LMXBs appear preferentially in more luminous ( massive) GCs. These two effects are independent, and the latter is likely a consequence of enhanced dynamical encounter rates in more massive clusters which have, on average, denser cores. The X-ray luminosity functions of the LMXBs found in GCs and of those that are unmatched with GCs reveal similar underlying populations, although there is some indication that fewer X-ray-faint LMXBs are found in GCs than X-ray-bright ones. Our results agree with previous observations of the connection of GCs and LMXBs in early-type galaxies and extend previous work on Cen A. C1 [Woodley, Kristin A.; Harris, William E.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Raychaudhury, Somak; Kraft, Ralph P.; Jordan, Andres; Whitaker, Katherine E.; Jones, Christine; Forman, William R.; Murray, Stephen S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Raychaudhury, Somak] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Jordan, Andres] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Whitaker, Katherine E.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Woodley, KA (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM woodleka@physics.mcmaster.ca; somak@star.sr.bham.ac.uk; kraft@head.cfa.harvard.edu; harris@physics.mcmaster.ca; ajordan@cfa.harvard.edu; katherine.whitaker@yale.edu; cjf@head.cfa.harvard.edu; wrf@head.cfa.harvard.edu; ssm@head.cfa.harvard.edu OI Jordan, Andres/0000-0002-5389-3944 NR 71 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1086/529419 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328YL UT WOS:000257834000016 ER PT J AU Shapiro, KL Genzel, R Schreiber, NMF Tacconi, LJ Bouche, N Cresci, G Davies, R Eisenhauer, F Johansson, PH Krajnovic, D Lutz, D Naab, T Arimoto, N Arribas, S Cimatti, A Colina, L Daddi, E Daigle, O Erb, D Hernandez, O Kong, X Mignoli, M Onodera, M Renzini, A Shapley, A Steidel, C AF Shapiro, Kristen L. Genzel, Reinhard Schreiber, Natascha M. Foerster Tacconi, Linda J. Bouche, Nicolas Cresci, Giovanni Davies, Richard Eisenhauer, Frank Johansson, Peter H. Krajnovic, Davor Lutz, Dieter Naab, Thorsten Arimoto, Nobuo Arribas, Santiago Cimatti, Andrea Colina, Luis Daddi, Emanuele Daigle, Olivier Erb, Dawn Hernandez, Olivier Kong, Xu Mignoli, Marco Onodera, Masato Renzini, Alvio Shapley, Alice Steidel, Charles TI Kinemetry of SINS high-redshift star-forming galaxies: Distinguishing rotating disks from major mergers SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; methods : data analysis; techniques : spectroscopic ID INTEGRAL-FIELD SPECTROSCOPY; STELLAR MASS DENSITY; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; OPTICAL LUMINOSITY DENSITY; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; STARBURST GALAXIES; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; DEEP-FIELD; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION AB We present a simple set of kinematic criteria that can distinguish between galaxies dominated by ordered rotational motion and those involved in major merger events. Our criteria are based on the dynamics of the warm ionized gas ( as traced by H alpha) within galaxies, making this analysis accessible to high-redshift systems, whose kinematics are primarily traceable through emission features. Using the method of kinemetry ( developed by Krajnovic and coworkers), we quantify asymmetries in both the velocity and velocity dispersion maps of the warm gas, and the resulting criteria enable us to empirically differentiate between nonmerging and merging systems at high redshift. We apply these criteria to 11 of our best-studied rest-frame UV/optical-selected z similar to 2 galaxies for which we have near-infrared integralfield spectroscopic data from SINFONI on the VLT. Of these 11 systems, we find that > 50% have kinematics consistent with a single rotating disk interpretation, while the remaining systems are more likely undergoing major mergers. This result, combined with the short formation timescales of these systems, provides evidence that rapid, smooth accretion of gas plays a significant role in galaxy formation at high redshift. C1 [Shapiro, Kristen L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Genzel, Reinhard; Schreiber, Natascha M. Foerster; Tacconi, Linda J.; Bouche, Nicolas; Cresci, Giovanni; Davies, Richard; Eisenhauer, Frank; Lutz, Dieter] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Genzel, Reinhard] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Johansson, Peter H.; Naab, Thorsten] Univ Sternwarte, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Krajnovic, Davor] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Arimoto, Nobuo] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Arribas, Santiago; Colina, Luis] CSIC, Inst Estruct Mat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Cimatti, Andrea] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, Alma Mater Studiorum, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Daddi, Emanuele] Univ Paris Diderot, DAPNIA SAp, CEA DSM CNRS, Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Daigle, Olivier; Hernandez, Olivier] Univ Montreal, Observ Mt Megant, LAE, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Erb, Dawn] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kong, Xu] Univ Sci & Technol China, Ctr Astrophys, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Mignoli, Marco] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, Inst Nazl Astrofis, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Onodera, Masato] Yonsei Univ, Inst Earth Atmosphere & Astron, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Renzini, Alvio] Osserv Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Shapley, Alice] Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Steidel, Charles] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Shapiro, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Daddi, Emanuele/D-1649-2012; Hernandez, Olivier/D-5968-2013; Mignoli, Marco/O-9426-2015; OI Cresci, Giovanni/0000-0002-5281-1417; Daddi, Emanuele/0000-0002-3331-9590; Mignoli, Marco/0000-0002-9087-2835; Johansson, Peter/0000-0001-8741-8263 NR 75 TC 158 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP 231 EP 251 DI 10.1086/587133 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328YL UT WOS:000257834000020 ER PT J AU Marrone, DP Baganoff, FK Morris, MR Moran, JM Ghez, AM Hornstein, SD Dowell, CD Munoz, DJ Bautz, MW Ricker, GR Brandt, WN Garmire, GP Lu, JR Matthews, K Zhao, JH Rao, R Bower, GC AF Marrone, D. P. Baganoff, F. K. Morris, M. R. Moran, J. M. Ghez, A. M. Hornstein, S. D. Dowell, C. D. Munoz, D. J. Bautz, M. W. Ricker, G. R. Brandt, W. N. Garmire, G. P. Lu, J. R. Matthews, K. Zhao, J. -H. Rao, R. Bower, G. C. TI An X-ray, infrared, and submillimeter flare of Sagittarius A* SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; Galaxy : center; polarization ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; SGR-A; GALACTIC-CENTER; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; SPECTRAL INDEX; RADIO OUTBURST; INTRINSIC SIZE; MILKY-WAY; GAMMA-RAY; 3C 273 AB Energetic flares are observed in the Galactic supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* from radio to X-ray wavelengths. On a few occasions, simultaneous flares have been detected in IR and X-ray observations, but clear counterparts at longer wavelengths have not been seen. We present a flare observed over several hours on 2006 July 17 with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, the Keck II telescope, the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, and the Submillimeter Array. All telescopes observed strong flare events, but the submillimeter peak is found to occur nearly 100 minutes after the X-ray peak. Submillimeter polarization data show linear polarization in the excess flare emission, increasing from 9% to 17% as the flare passes through its peak, consistent with a transition from optically thick to thin synchrotron emission. The temporal and spectral behavior of the flare require that the energetic electrons responsible for the emission cool faster than expected from their radiative output. This is consistent with adiabatic cooling in an expanding emission region, with X-rays produced through self-Compton scattering, although not consistent with the simplest model of such expansion. We also present a submillimeter flare that followed a bright IR flare on 2005 July 31. Compared to 2006, this event had a larger peak IR flux and similar submillimeter flux, but it lacked measurable X-ray emission. It also showed a shorter delay between the IR and submillimeter peaks. Based on these events we propose a synchrotron and self-Compton model to relate the submillimeter lag and the variable IR/X-ray luminosity ratio. C1 [Marrone, D. P.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Baganoff, F. K.; Bautz, M. W.; Ricker, G. R.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Morris, M. R.; Ghez, A. M.; Lu, J. R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Moran, J. M.; Munoz, D. J.; Zhao, J. -H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ghez, A. M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hornstein, S. D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dowell, C. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Brandt, W. N.; Garmire, G. P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Matthews, K.] CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Rao, R.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Bower, G. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bower, G. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dmarrone@uchicago.edu RI Brandt, William/N-2844-2015; OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453; Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080; Lu, Jessica/0000-0001-9611-0009; Moran, James/0000-0002-3882-4414 NR 67 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP 373 EP 383 DI 10.1086/588806 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328YL UT WOS:000257834000029 ER PT J AU Arendt, RG Stolovy, SR Ramirez, SV Sellgren, K Cotera, AS Law, CJ Yusef-Zadeh, F Smith, HA Gezari, DY AF Arendt, R. G. Stolovy, S. R. Ramirez, S. V. Sellgren, K. Cotera, A. S. Law, C. J. Yusef-Zadeh, F. Smith, H. A. Gezari, D. Y. TI The mid-infrared colors of the interstellar medium and extended sources at the Galactic center SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; Galaxy : center; infrared : ISM ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; CENTER MOLECULAR CLOUDS; STAR-FORMATION; CENTER REGION; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; ISO OBSERVATIONS; INNER GALAXY; IONIZED-GAS; EMISSION AB A mid-infrared (3.6-8 mu m) survey of the Galactic center has been carried out with the IRAC instrument on the Spitzer Space Telescope. This survey covers the central 2 degrees x 1.4 degrees (similar to 280 x 200 pc) of the Galaxy. At 3.6 and 4.5 mu m the emission is dominated by stellar sources, the fainter ones merging into an unresolved background. At 5.8 and 8 mu m the stellar sources are fainter, and large-scale diffuse emission from the ISM of the Galaxy's central molecular zone becomes prominent. The survey reveals that the 8-to-5.8 mu m color of the ISM emission is highly uniform across the surveyed region. This uniform color is consistent with a flat extinction law and emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Models indicate that this broadband color should not be expected to change if the incident radiation field heating the dust and PAHs is < 10(4) times that of the solar neighborhood. The few regions with unusually red emission are areas where the PAHs are underabundant and the radiation field is locally strong enough to heat large dust grains to produce significant 8 mu m emission. These red regions include compact H II regions, Sgr B1, and wider regions around the Arches and Quintuplet clusters. In these regions the radiation field is greater than or similar to 10(4) times that of the solar neighborhood. Other regions of very red emission indicate cases where thick dust clouds obscure deeply embedded objects or very early stages of star formation. C1 [Arendt, R. G.] NASA, CRESST UMBC, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stolovy, S. R.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ramirez, S. V.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sellgren, K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Cotera, A. S.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Law, C. J.; Yusef-Zadeh, F.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Law, C. J.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Smith, H. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Arendt, RG (reprint author), NASA, CRESST UMBC, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 665,8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM richard.g.arendt@nasa.gov OI Arendt, Richard/0000-0001-8403-8548 NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP 384 EP 399 DI 10.1086/589635 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328YL UT WOS:000257834000030 ER PT J AU Raymond, JC Isenberg, PA Laming, JM AF Raymond, J. C. Isenberg, Philip A. Laming, J. M. TI Non-Maxwellian proton velocity distributions in nonradiative shocks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : lines and bands; line : profiles; shock waves; supernova remnants; turbulence ID TYCHOS SUPERNOVA-REMNANT; BALMER-DOMINATED SHOCKS; INTERSTELLAR PICKUP PROTONS; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELD; COSMIC-RAYS; CYGNUS LOOP; BOW SHOCK; ELECTROMAGNETIC INSTABILITIES; COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS AB The Balmer line profiles of nonradiative supernova remnant shocks provide the means to measure the postshock proton velocity distribution. While most analyses assume a Maxwellian velocity distribution, this is unlikely to be correct. In particular, neutral atoms that pass through the shock and become ionized downstream form a nonthermal distribution similar to that of pickup ions in the solar wind. We predict the H alpha line profiles from the combination of pickup protons and the ordinary shocked protons, and we consider the extent to which this distribution could affect the shock parameters derived from H alpha profiles. The Maxwellian assumption could lead to an underestimate of shock speed by up to about 15%. The isotropization of the pickup ion population generates wave energy, and we find that for the most favorable parameters this energy could significantly heat the thermal particles. Sufficiently accurate profiles could constrain the strength and direction of the magnetic field in the shocked plasma, and we discuss the distortions from a Gaussian profile to be expected in Tycho's supernova remnant. C1 [Raymond, J. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Isenberg, Philip A.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Isenberg, Philip A.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Laming, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raymond, JC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 73 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP 408 EP 415 DI 10.1086/589645 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328YL UT WOS:000257834000032 ER PT J AU Chavarria, LA Allen, LE Hora, JL Brunt, CM Fazio, GG AF Chavarria, Luis A. Allen, Lori E. Hora, Joseph L. Brunt, Christopher M. Fazio, Giovanni G. TI Spitzer observations of the massive star-forming complex S254-S258: Structure and evolution SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HII regions; infrared : stars; stars : early-type; stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence ID ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; H-II REGIONS; C2D SURVEY; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; OUTER GALAXY; HII-REGIONS; NEARBY; PHOTOMETRY AB We present Spitzer IRAC, NOAO 2.1 m Flamingos, Keck NIRC, and FCRAO SEQUOIA observations of the massive star-forming complex S254-S258, covering an area of 25' x 20'. Using a combination of the IRAC and NIR data, we identify and classify the young stellar objects (YSOs) in the complex. We detect 510 sources with near- or mid-IR excess, and we classify 87 Class I and 165 Class II sources. The YSOs are found in clusters surrounded by isolated YSOs in a low-density distributed population. The ratio of clustered to total YSOs is 0.8. We identify six new clusters in the complex. One of them, G192.63-00, is located around the ionizing star of the H II region S255. We hypothesize that the ionizing star of S255 was formed in this cluster. We also detect a southern component of the cluster in H II region S256. The cluster G192.54-0.15, located inside H II region S254 has a V-LSR of 17 km s(-1) with respect to the main cloud, and we conclude that it is located in the background of the complex. The structure of the molecular cloud is examined using (CO)-C-12 and (CO)-C-13, as well as a near-IR extinction map. The main body of the molecular cloud has VLSR between 5 and 9 km s(-1). The arc-shaped structure of the molecular cloud following the border of the H II regions and the high column density in the border of the H II regions support the idea that the material has been swept up by the expansion of the H II regions. C1 [Chavarria, Luis A.; Allen, Lori E.; Hora, Joseph L.; Fazio, Giovanni G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chavarria, Luis A.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Camino Observ 1515, Santiago, Chile. [Brunt, Christopher M.] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. RP Chavarria, LA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 NR 57 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP 445 EP 462 DI 10.1086/588810 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328YL UT WOS:000257834000035 ER PT J AU Miller-Ricci, E Rowe, JF Sasselov, D Matthews, JM Guenther, DB Kuschnig, R Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, SM Walker, GAH Weiss, WW AF Miller-Ricci, Eliza Rowe, Jason F. Sasselov, Dimitar Matthews, Jaymie M. Guenther, David B. Kuschnig, Rainer Moffat, Anthony F. J. Rucinski, Slavek M. Walker, Gordon A. H. Weiss, Werner W. TI Most space-based photometry of the transiting exoplanet system HD 209458: Transit timing to search for additional planets SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; planetary systems; stars : individual (HD 209458) ID EARTH-MASS PLANETS; SUN-LIKE STAR; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; HD 209458B; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; RADII; LIMIT AB We report on the measurement of transit times for the HD 209458 planetary system from photometry obtained with the MOST (Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars) space telescope. Deviations from a constant orbital period can indicate the presence of additional planets in the system that are yet undetected, potentially with masses approaching an Earth mass. The MOST data sets of HD 209458 from 2004 and 2005 represent unprecedented time coverage with nearly continuous observations spanning 14 and 43 days and monitoring three transits and 12 consecutive transits, respectively. The transit times that we obtain show no variations on three scales: (1) no long-term change in P since before 2004 at 25 ms level, (2) no trend in transit timings during the 2005 run, and (3) no individual transit timing deviations above 80 s level. Together with previously published transit times from Agol & Steffen, this allows us to place limits on the presence of additional close-in planets in the system, in some cases down to below an Earth mass. This result, along with previous radial velocity work, now eliminates the possibility that a perturbing planet could be responsible for the additional heat source needed to explain HD 209458b's anomalous low density. C1 [Miller-Ricci, Eliza; Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kuschnig, Rainer; Walker, Gordon A. H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Guenther, David B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Moffat, Anthony F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Rucinski, Slavek M.] Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. [Weiss, Werner W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Miller-Ricci, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM emillerricci@cfa.harvard.edu NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP 586 EP 592 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328YL UT WOS:000257834000048 ER PT J AU Miller-Ricci, E Rowe, JF Sasselov, D Matthews, JM Kuschnig, R Croll, B Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, SM Walker, GAH Weiss, WW AF Miller-Ricci, Eliza Rowe, Jason F. Sasselov, Dimitar Matthews, Jaymie M. Kuschnig, Rainer Croll, Bryce Guenther, David B. Moffat, Anthony F. J. Rucinski, Slavek M. Walker, Gordon A. H. Weiss, Werner W. TI MOST(1) space-based photometry of the transiting exoplanet system HD 189733: Precise timing measurements for transits across an active star SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; planetary systems; stars : individual (HD 189733) ID EARTH-MASS PLANETS; CLOSE BINARY STARS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; ROTATION PERIOD; KEPLER MISSION; K-STAR; SEARCH; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; PARAMETERS; ATMOSPHERE AB We have measured transit times for HD 189733b passing in front of its bright (V = 7.67), chromospherically active, and spotted parent star. Nearly continuous broadband optical photometry of this system was obtained with the Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars (MOST) space telescope during 21 days in 2006 August, monitoring 10 consecutive transits. We have used these data to search for deviations from a constant orbital period which can indicate the presence of additional planets in the system that are as yet undetected by Doppler searches. There are no transit timing variations above the level of +/- 45 s, ruling out super-Earths (of masses 1-4 M(circle plus)) in the 1: 2 and 2: 3 inner resonances, and planets of 20 M(circle plus) in the 2: 1 outer resonance of the known planet. We also discuss complications in measuring transit times for a planet that transits an active star with large starspots, and how the transits can help constrain and test spot models. This has implications for the large number of such systems expected to be discovered by the COROT and Kepler missions. C1 [Miller-Ricci, Eliza; Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kuschnig, Rainer; Walker, Gordon A. H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Croll, Bryce] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Guenther, David B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Moffat, Anthony F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Rucinski, Slavek M.] Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. [Weiss, Werner W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Miller-Ricci, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM emillerricci@cfa.harvard.edu NR 35 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP 593 EP 601 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328YL UT WOS:000257834000049 ER PT J AU van Ballegooijen, AA Cranmer, SR AF van Ballegooijen, A. A. Cranmer, S. R. TI Hyperdiffusion as a mechanism for solar coronal heating SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; MHD; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; turbulence ID FORCE-FREE FIELDS; REGION TRANSIENT BRIGHTENINGS; MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPES; ACTIVE-REGION; ASTROPHYSICAL DYNAMOS; SIGMOIDAL STRUCTURE; ELECTRIC-CURRENTS; KINK INSTABILITY; MASS EJECTIONS; CURRENT SHEETS AB A theory for the heating of coronal magnetic flux ropes is developed. The dissipated magnetic energy has two distinct contributions: ( 1) energy injected into the corona as a result of granule-scale, random footpoint motions and ( 2) energy from the large-scale, nonpotential magnetic field of the flux rope. The second type of dissipation can be described in terms of hyperdiffusion, a type of magnetic diffusion in which the helicity of the mean magnetic field is conserved. The associated heating rate depends on the gradient of the torsion parameter of the mean magnetic field. A simple model of an active region containing a coronal flux rope is constructed. We find that the temperature and density on the axis of the flux rope are lower than in the local surroundings, consistent with observations of coronal cavities. The model requires that the magnetic field in the flux rope be stochastic in nature, with a perpendicular length scale of the magnetic fluctuations of the order of 1000 km. C1 [van Ballegooijen, A. A.; Cranmer, S. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP van Ballegooijen, AA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM vanballe@cfa.harvard.edu OI van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 77 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP 644 EP 653 DI 10.1086/587457 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328YL UT WOS:000257834000054 ER PT J AU Becker, AC Arraki, K Kaib, NA Wood-Vasey, WM Aguilera, C Blackman, JW Blondin, S Challis, P Clocchiatti, A Covarrubias, R Damke, G Davis, TM Filippenko, AV Foley, RJ Garg, A Garnavich, PM Hicken, M Jha, S Kirshner, RP Krisciunas, K Leibundgut, B Li, W Matheson, T Miceli, A Miknaitis, G Narayan, G Pignata, G Prieto, JL Rest, A Riess, AG Salvo, ME Schmidt, BP Smith, RC Sollerman, J Spyromilio, J Stubbs, CW Suntzeff, NB Tonry, JL Zenteno, A AF Becker, A. C. Arraki, K. Kaib, N. A. Wood-Vasey, W. M. Aguilera, C. Blackman, J. W. Blondin, S. Challis, P. Clocchiatti, A. Covarrubias, R. Damke, G. Davis, T. M. Filippenko, A. V. Foley, R. J. Garg, A. Garnavich, P. M. Hicken, M. Jha, S. Kirshner, R. P. Krisciunas, K. Leibundgut, B. Li, W. Matheson, T. Miceli, A. Miknaitis, G. Narayan, G. Pignata, G. Prieto, J. L. Rest, A. Riess, A. G. Salvo, M. E. Schmidt, B. P. Smith, R. C. Sollerman, J. Spyromilio, J. Stubbs, C. W. Suntzeff, N. B. Tonry, J. L. Zenteno, A. TI Exploring the outer solar system with the ESSENCE Supernova Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE kuiper belt; methods : data analysis; surveys ID TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; BELT; ORIGIN AB We report the discovery and orbital determination of 14 trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) from the ESSENCE Supernova Survey difference imaging data set. Two additional objects discovered in a similar search of the SDSS-II Supernova Survey database were recovered in this effort. ESSENCE repeatedly observed fields far from the solar system ecliptic (-21 degrees < beta < -5 degrees), reaching limiting magnitudes per observation of I approximate to 23.1 R approximate to 23.7. We examine several of the newly detected objects in detail, including 2003 UC414, which orbits entirely 23.7 between Uranus and Neptune and lies very close to a dynamical region that would make it stable for the lifetime of the solar system. 2003 SS422 and 2007 TA(418) have high eccentricities and large perihelia, making them candidate members of an outer class of TNOs. We also report a new member of the "extended" or "detached" scattered disk, 2004 VN112, and verify the stability of its orbit using numerical simulations. This object would have been visible to ESSENCE for only similar to 2% of its orbit, suggesting a vast number of similar objects across the sky. We emphasize that off-ecliptic surveys are optimal for uncovering the diversity of such objects, which in turn will constrain the history of gravitational influences that shaped our early solar system. C1 [Becker, A. C.; Arraki, K.; Kaib, N. A.; Miceli, A.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wood-Vasey, W. M.; Blondin, S.; Challis, P.; Garg, A.; Hicken, M.; Kirshner, R. P.; Narayan, G.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Aguilera, C.; Damke, G.; Rest, A.; Smith, R. C.; Suntzeff, N. B.; Zenteno, A.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, CTIO, La Serena, Chile. [Blackman, J. W.; Salvo, M. E.; Schmidt, B. P.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Weston, Australia. [Clocchiatti, A.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santiago 22, Chile. [Covarrubias, R.] Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Davis, T. M.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Davis, T. M.] Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Filippenko, A. V.; Foley, R. J.; Li, W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Garg, A.; Hicken, M.; Jha, S.; Narayan, G.; Rest, A.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Garnavich, P. M.; Krisciunas, K.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Jha, S.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Krisciunas, K.; Suntzeff, N. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leibundgut, B.; Spyromilio, J.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Matheson, T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Miknaitis, G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Pignata, G.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Prieto, J. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Riess, A. G.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Tonry, J. L.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Becker, AC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Davis, Tamara/A-4280-2008; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Davis, Tamara/0000-0002-4213-8783; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287; Sollerman, Jesper/0000-0003-1546-6615; Narayan, Gautham/0000-0001-6022-0484 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP L53 EP L56 DI 10.1086/590429 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326MF UT WOS:000257662700014 ER PT J AU Kalirai, JS Strader, J Anderson, J Richer, HB AF Kalirai, Jasonjot S. Strader, Jay Anderson, Jay Richer, Harvey B. TI A glimpse into the past: The recent evolution of globular clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : star clusters; globular clusters : general; stars : evolution ID ULTRACOMPACT DWARF GALAXIES; MASS WHITE-DWARFS; ADVANCED CAMERA; POPULATION SYNTHESIS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; SYSTEMS; DISTRIBUTIONS; PHOTOMETRY; SEQUENCE; NGC-6397 AB We present the serendipitous discovery of 195 extragalactic globular clusters (GCs) in one of the deepest optical images ever obtained, a 126 orbit Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging study of the nearby Galactic GC NGC 6397. The distant GCs are all found surrounding a bright elliptical galaxy in the field and are among the faintest objects detected in the image, with magnitudes 26 less than or similar to F814W less than or similar to 30. We measure the redshift of the parent elliptical galaxy, using the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) on Gemini South, to be z = 0.089 (375 Mpc). This galaxy, and its associated clusters, therefore ranks as one of the most distant such systems discovered to date. The measured light from these clusters was emitted 1.2 Gyr ago (the look-back time) and therefore the optical properties hold clues for understanding the evolution of GCs over the past Gyr. We measure the color function of the bright GCs and find that both a blue and red population exist, and that the colors of each subpopulation are redder than GCs in local elliptical galaxies of comparable luminosity. For the blue clusters, the observed color difference from to today is only slightly larger z p 0.089 than predictions from stellar evolution (e. g., changes in the luminosity and color of the main-sequence turnoff and the morphology of the horizontal branch). A larger color difference is found in the red clusters, possibly suggesting that they are very metal-rich and/or significantly younger than 12 Gyr. C1 [Kalirai, Jasonjot S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Strader, Jay] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Anderson, Jay] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Richer, Harvey B.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Kalirai, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jkalirai@ucolick.org OI Strader, Jay/0000-0002-1468-9668 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 1 BP L37 EP L40 DI 10.1086/590660 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326MF UT WOS:000257662700010 ER PT J AU Kumar, P Narayan, R Johnson, JL AF Kumar, Pawan Narayan, Ramesh Johnson, Jarrett L. TI Properties of gamma-ray burst progenitor stars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACCRETION; AFTERGLOWS; LIGHT; JET AB We determined some basic properties of stars that produce spectacular gamma-ray bursts at the end of their lives. We assumed that accretion of the outer portion of the stellar core by a central black hole fuels the prompt emission and that fall-back and accretion of the stellar envelope later produce the plateau in the x-ray light curve seen in some bursts. Using x-ray data for three bursts, we estimated the radius of the stellar core to be similar to(1-3) x 10(10) cm and that of the stellar envelope to be similar to(1 - 2) x 10(11) cm. The density profile in the envelope is fairly shallow, with rho similar to r(-2) (where rho is density and r is distance from the center of the explosion). The rotation speeds of the core and envelope are similar to 0.05 and similar to 0.2 of the local Keplerian speed, respectively. C1 [Kumar, Pawan; Johnson, Jarrett L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Narayan, Ramesh] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kumar, P (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, RLM 15308, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM pk@astro.as.utexas.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 14 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 18 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5887 BP 376 EP 379 DI 10.1126/science.1159003 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 327FB UT WOS:000257713900041 PM 18583579 ER PT J AU Mustard, JF Murchie, SL Pelkey, SM Ehlmann, BL Milliken, RE Grant, JA Bibring, JP Poulet, F Bishop, J Dobrea, EN Roach, L Seelos, F Arvidson, RE Wiseman, S Green, R Hash, C Humm, D Malaret, E McGovern, JA Seelos, K Clancy, T Clark, R Des Marais, D Izenberg, N Knudson, A Langevin, Y Martin, T McGuire, P Morris, R Robinson, M Roush, T Smith, M Swayze, G Taylor, H Titus, T Wolff, M AF Mustard, John F. Murchie, S. L. Pelkey, S. M. Ehlmann, B. L. Milliken, R. E. Grant, J. A. Bibring, J. -P. Poulet, F. Bishop, J. Dobrea, E. Noe Roach, L. Seelos, F. Arvidson, R. E. Wiseman, S. Green, R. Hash, C. Humm, D. Malaret, E. McGovern, J. A. Seelos, K. Clancy, T. Clark, R. Des Marais, D. Izenberg, N. Knudson, A. Langevin, Y. Martin, T. McGuire, P. Morris, R. Robinson, M. Roush, T. Smith, M. Swayze, G. Taylor, H. Titus, T. Wolff, M. TI Hydrated silicate minerals on mars observed by the Mars reconnaissance orbiter CRISM instrument SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID OLIVINE; DIVERSITY; REGION AB Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous mineral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA ( Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, L'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activitie') instrument(1,2), preserve a record of the interaction of water with rocks on Mars. Global mapping showed that phyllosilicates are widespread but are apparently restricted to ancient terrains and a relatively narrow range of mineralogy ( Fe/ Mg and Al smectite clays). This was interpreted to indicate that phyllosilicate formation occurred during the Noachian ( the earliest geological era of Mars), and that the conditions necessary for phyllosilicate formation ( moderate to high pH and high water activity(3)) were specific to surface environments during the earliest era of Mars's history(4). Here we report results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM)(5) of phyllosilicate- rich regions. We expand the diversity of phyllosilicate mineralogy with the identification of kaolinite, chlorite and illite or muscovite, and a new class of hydrated silicate ( hydrated silica). We observe diverse Fe/ Mg-OH phyllosilicates and find that smectites such as nontronite and saponite are the most common, but chlorites are also present in some locations. Stratigraphic relationships in the Nili Fossae region show olivine- rich materials overlying phyllosilicate- bearing units, indicating the cessation of aqueous alteration before emplacement of the olivine- bearing unit. Hundreds of detections of Fe/ Mg phyllosilicate in rims, ejecta and central peaks of craters in the southern highland Noachian cratered terrain indicate excavation of altered crust from depth. We also find phyllosilicate in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water. These results point to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability. C1 [Mustard, John F.; Pelkey, S. M.; Ehlmann, B. L.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Murchie, S. L.; Seelos, F.; Humm, D.; McGovern, J. A.; Seelos, K.; Izenberg, N.; Taylor, H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Milliken, R. E.; Dobrea, E. Noe; Green, R.; Martin, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Grant, J. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Bibring, J. -P.; Poulet, F.; Langevin, Y.] Ctr Univ Paris Sud, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bishop, J.; Des Marais, D.; Roush, T.] Ames Res Ctr, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Arvidson, R. E.; Wiseman, S.; Knudson, A.; McGuire, P.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Hash, C.; Malaret, E.] Appl Coherent Technol, Herndon, VA 22070 USA. [Clancy, T.; Swayze, G.; Wolff, M.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Clark, R.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Morris, R.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Robinson, M.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Smith, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Titus, T.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Mustard, JF (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM john_mustard@brown.edu RI Smith, Michael/C-8875-2012; McGuire, Patrick/D-2962-2013; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Izenberg, Noam/F-3952-2015; Seelos, Kimberly/F-4647-2015; Humm, David/B-8825-2016; Seelos, Frank/C-7875-2016 OI McGuire, Patrick/0000-0001-6592-4966; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Izenberg, Noam/0000-0003-1629-6478; Seelos, Kimberly/0000-0001-7236-0580; Humm, David/0000-0003-1520-261X; Seelos, Frank/0000-0001-9721-941X NR 31 TC 356 Z9 359 U1 14 U2 85 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 17 PY 2008 VL 454 IS 7202 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1038/nature07097 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 326ND UT WOS:000257665300032 PM 18633411 ER PT J AU Diaz-Marrero, AR Cueto, M D'Croz, L Darias, J AF Diaz-Marrero, Ana R. Cueto, Mercedes D'Croz, Luis Darias, Jose TI Validating an endoperoxide as a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of elysiapyrones SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SACOGLOSSAN PLACOBRANCHUS-OCELLATUS; STREPTOMYCES-SPECTABILIS; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; MARINE MOLLUSKS; SINGLET OXYGEN; METABOLITES; SNF4435C; DIOMEDEA; STRAIN; ACID AB Compounds 1-3 isolated from Elysia diomedea are described. Compound 1 is an endoperoxide derivative of elysiapyrone A. The biomimetic-type transformation of compound 1 to elysiapyrone A catalyzed by neutral base transformed the endoperoxide to a vicinal diepoxide, thus suggesting the endoperoxide as a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of elysiapyrone A. A biogenetic pathway for their formation involving a cycloaddition of singlet oxygen to a polypropionate alkenyl open chain is proposed. C1 [Diaz-Marrero, Ana R.; Cueto, Mercedes; Darias, Jose] CSIC, Inst Prod Nat & Agrobiol, Tenerife 38206, Spain. [D'Croz, Luis] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, STRI, Balboa, Panama. RP Darias, J (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Prod Nat & Agrobiol, Ave Astrofis F,Sanchez 3, Tenerife 38206, Spain. EM jdarias@ipna.csic.es RI Diaz-Marrero, Ana/L-2899-2014; Cueto, MERCEDES/L-3185-2014 OI Diaz-Marrero, Ana/0000-0002-8886-7519; Cueto, MERCEDES/0000-0002-9112-6877 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 2008 VL 10 IS 14 BP 3057 EP 3060 DI 10.1021/ol8010425 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 326AB UT WOS:000257629200036 PM 18572945 ER PT J AU Markoff, S Nowak, M Young, A Marshall, HL Canizares, CR Peck, A Krips, M Petitpas, G Schodel, R Bower, GC Chandra, P Ray, A Muno, M Gallagher, S Hornstein, S Cheung, CC AF Markoff, Sera Nowak, Michael Young, Andrew Marshall, Herman L. Canizares, Claude R. Peck, Alison Krips, Melanie Petitpas, Glen Schoedel, Rainer Bower, Geoffrey C. Chandra, Poonam Ray, Alak Muno, Michael Gallagher, Sarah Hornstein, Seth Cheung, Chi C. TI Results from an extensive simultaneous broadband campaign on the underluminous active nucleus M81*: Further evidence for mass-scaling accretion in black holes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (M81); radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; X-RAY BINARIES; LONG-TERM VARIABILITY; LOW-LUMINOSITY AGN; SGR-A; CIRCULAR-POLARIZATION; GALACTIC NUCLEUS; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE AB We present the results of a broadband simultaneous campaign on the nearby low-luminosity active galactic nucleus M81*. From 2005 February through August, we observed M81* five times using the Chandra X-Ray Observatory with the HETGS, complemented by ground-based observations with the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope, the Very Large Array and Very Large Baseline Array, the Plateau de Bure Interferometer at IRAM, the Submillimeter Array, and Lick Observatory. We discuss how the resulting spectra vary over short and longer timescales compared to previous results, especially in the X-rays where this is the first ever longer term campaign at spatial resolution high enough to nearly isolate the nucleus (17 pc). We compare the spectrum to our Galactic center weakly active nucleus Sgr A*, which has undergone similar campaigns, as well as to weakly accreting X-ray binaries in the context of outflow-dominated models. In agreement with recent results suggesting that the physics of weakly accreting black holes scales predictably with mass, we find that the exact same model that successfully describes hard-state X-ray binaries applies to M81*, with very similar physical parameters. C1 [Markoff, Sera] Univ Amsterdam, Sterrekundig Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Nowak, Michael; Young, Andrew; Marshall, Herman L.; Canizares, Claude R.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Peck, Alison; Krips, Melanie; Petitpas, Glen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Submillimeter Array Project, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Schoedel, Rainer] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [Bower, Geoffrey C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chandra, Poonam] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Chandra, Poonam] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Ray, Alak] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Muno, Michael; Gallagher, Sarah; Hornstein, Seth] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cheung, Chi C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Markoff, S (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Sterrekundig Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM sera@science.uva.nl; mnowak@space.mit.edu; ayoung@space.mit.edu; apeck@alma.cl; mkrips@cfa.harvard.edu; gpetitpas@cfa.harvard.edu; rainer@iaa.es; gbower@astro.berkeley.edu; pchandra@virginia.edu; akr@tifr.rcs.in; mmuno@astro.ucla.edu; sgall@astro.ucla.edu; seth@astro.ucla.edu; chi.c.cheung@nasa.gov RI Schoedel, Rainer/D-4751-2014 OI Schoedel, Rainer/0000-0001-5404-797X NR 79 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 2 BP 905 EP 924 DI 10.1086/588718 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 324JX UT WOS:000257516000012 ER PT J AU Liu, HB Hsieh, BC Ho, PTP Lin, LW Yan, RB AF Liu, Hauyu Baobab Hsieh, B. C. Ho, Paul T. P. Lin, Lihwai Yan, Renbin TI A new galaxy group finding algorithm: Probability friends-of-friends SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : halos; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : photometry; methods : data analysis ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; SEQUENCE CLUSTER SURVEY; DEEP2 REDSHIFT SURVEY; DARK-MATTER HALOES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; EARLY DATA RELEASE; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; COMPACT-GROUPS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB A new algorithm is developed, based on the friends-of-friends (FOF) algorithm, to identify galaxy groups in a galaxy catalog in which the redshift errors have large dispersions (e. g., a photometric redshift galaxy catalog in which a portion of the galaxies also have much more precise spectroscopic redshifts). The DEEP2 mock catalogs, with our additional simulated photometric redshift errors, are used to test the performance of our algorithm. The association of the reconstructed galaxy groups with the dark halos in the mock catalogs gives an idea about the completeness and purity of the derived group catalog. Our results show that in a 0: 6 <= z <= 1: 6 galaxy catalog with an R-band limiting magnitude of 24.1 and an average 1 sigma photometric redshift error of similar to 0.03, the overall purity of our new algorithm for richness 4-7 (line-of-sight velocity dispersion similar to 300 km s(-1)) groups is higher than 70% (i.e., 70% of the groups reconstructed by our algorithm are related to real galaxy groups). The performance of the new algorithm is compared with the performance of the FOF algorithm, and it is suggested that this new algorithm is better than FOF for a database, given the same redshift uncertainties. C1 [Liu, Hauyu Baobab; Ho, Paul T. P.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Liu, Hauyu Baobab; Hsieh, B. C.; Ho, Paul T. P.; Lin, Lihwai] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Ho, Paul T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Yan, Renbin] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. RP Liu, HB (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM hyliu@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; bchsieh@asiaa.sinica.edu; pho@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; lihwailin@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; yan@astro.utoronto.ca NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 2 BP 1046 EP 1057 DI 10.1086/588183 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 324JX UT WOS:000257516000022 ER PT J AU Heng, K Lazzati, D Perna, R Garnavich, P Noriega-Crespo, A Bersier, D Matheson, T Pahre, M AF Heng, Kevin Lazzati, Davide Perna, Rosalba Garnavich, Peter Noriega-Crespo, Alberto Bersier, David Matheson, Thomas Pahre, Michael TI A direct measurement of the dust extinction curve in an intermediate-redshift galaxy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies : ISM; gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; TIME-DEPENDENT PHOTOIONIZATION; 24 MU-M; INTERSTELLAR DUST; X-RAY; INFRARED-EMISSION; STAR-FORMATION; HOST GALAXIES; LIGHT CURVES; GRB 050525A AB We present a proof-of-concept study that dust extinction curves can be extracted from the infrared (IR), optical, ultraviolet (UV), and X-ray afterglow observations of GRBs without assuming known extinction laws. We focus on GRB 050525A (z = 0.606), for which we also present IR observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope at t = t(IR) approximate to 2.3 days postburst. We construct the spectral energy distribution of the afterglow at t tIR and use it to derive the dust extinction curve of the host galaxy in seven optical/UV bands. By comparing our derived extinction curve to known templates, we see that the Galactic or Milky Way extinction laws are disfavored versus those of the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds (SMC and LMC), but that we cannot rule out the presence of a LMC-like 2175 8 bump in our extinction curve. The dust-to-gas ratio present within the host galaxy of GRB 050525A is similar to that found in the LMC, while about 10%-40% more dust is required if the SMC template is assumed. Our method is useful to observatories that are capable of simultaneously observing GRB afterglows in multiple wave bands from the IR to the X-ray. C1 [Heng, Kevin] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lazzati, Davide; Perna, Rosalba] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Garnavich, Peter] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Noriega-Crespo, Alberto] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bersier, David] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. [Matheson, Thomas] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Pahre, Michael] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Heng, K (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM heng@ias.edu NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 2 BP 1116 EP 1122 DI 10.1086/588279 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 324JX UT WOS:000257516000027 ER PT J AU Qi, CH Wilner, DJ Aikawa, Y Blake, GA Hogerheijde, MR AF Qi, Chunhua Wilner, David J. Aikawa, Yuri Blake, Geoffrey A. Hogerheijde, Michiel R. TI Resolving the chemistry in the disk of TW Hydrae. I. Deuterated species SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; comets : general; ISM : molecules; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : individual (TW Hydrae); stars : pre-main-sequence ID PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; TW-HYDRAE; ROTATIONAL-EXCITATION; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; DM-TAURI; MOLECULES; H2D+; IONIZATION; DEUTERIUM; EMISSION AB We present Submillimeter Array observations of several deuterated species in the disk around the classical T Tauri star TW Hydrae at arcsecond scales, including detections of the DCN J = 3-2 and DCO(+) J = 3-2 lines and upper limits to the HDO 3(1,2)-2(2,1), ortho-H(2)D(+) 1(1,0)-1(1,1), and para-D(2)H(+) 1(1,0)-1(0,1) transitions. We also present observations of the HCN J = 3-2, HCO(+) J = 3-2, and H(13)CO(+) J = 4-3 lines for comparison with their deuterated isotopologues. We constrain the radial and vertical distributions of various species in the disk by fitting the data using a model where the molecular emission from an irradiated accretion disk is sampled with a two-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. We find that the distribution of DCO(+) differs markedly from that of HCO(+). The D/H ratios inferred change by at least 1 order of magnitude (0.01-0.1) for radii < 30 to >= 70AU, and there is a rapid falloff of the abundance of DCO+ at radii larger than 90 AU. Using a simple analytical chemical model, we constrain the degree of ionization, x(e-) = n(e-)/n(H(2)), to be similar to 10(-7) in the disk layer(s) where these molecules are present. Provided the distribution of DCN follows that of HCN, the ratio of DCN to HCN is determined to be (1.7 +/- 0.5) x 10(-2); however, this ratio is very sensitive to the poorly constrained vertical distribution of HCN. The resolved radial distribution of DCO(+) indicates that in situ deuterium fractionation remains active within the TW Hydrae disk and must be considered in the molecular evolution of circumstellar accretion disks. C1 [Qi, Chunhua; Wilner, David J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Aikawa, Yuri] Kobe Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Blake, Geoffrey A.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Blake, Geoffrey A.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hogerheijde, Michiel R.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Qi, CH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cqi@cfa.harvard.edu; dwilner@cfa.harvard.edu; aikawa@kobe-u.ac.jp; gab@gps.caltech.edu; michiel@strw.leidenuniv.nl NR 30 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 2 BP 1396 EP 1407 DI 10.1086/588516 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 324JX UT WOS:000257516000050 ER PT J AU Zurita, C Durant, M Torres, MAP Shahbaz, T Casares, J Steeghs, D AF Zurita, C. Durant, M. Torres, M. A. P. Shahbaz, T. Casares, J. Steeghs, D. TI Swift J1753.5-0127: The black hole candidate with the shortest orbital period SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : close; stars : individual (Swift J1753.5-0127); X-rays : stars ID X-RAY TRANSIENT; XTE J1118+480; LOW/HARD STATE; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; GRO JO422+32; LIGHT CURVES; SOFT; NOVA; SUPERHUMPS AB We present time-resolved photometry of the optical counterpart to the black hole candidate Swift J1753.5-0127 which has remained in the low/hard X-ray state and bright at optical/IR wavelengths since its discovery in 2005. At the time of our observations Swift J1753.5-0127 does not show a decay trend but remains stable at R 16: 45 with a night-to-night variability of similar to 0.05 mag. The R-band light curves, taken from 2007 June 3 to August 31, are not sinusoidal, but exhibit a complex morphology with remarkable changes in shape and amplitude. The best period determination is 3: 2443 +/- 0: 0010 hr. This photometric period is likely a superhump period, slightly larger than the orbital period. Therefore, Swift J1753.5-0127 is the black hole candidate with the shortest orbital period observed to date. Our estimation of the distance is comparable to values previously published and likely places Swift J1753.5-0127 in the Galactic halo. C1 [Durant, M.; Shahbaz, T.; Casares, J.; Steeghs, D.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain. [Torres, M. A. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM czurita@iac.es RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 45 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 2 BP 1458 EP 1463 DI 10.1086/588721 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 324JX UT WOS:000257516000055 ER PT J AU Bussmann, RS Narayanan, D Shirley, YL Juneau, S Wu, J Solomon, PM Bout, PAV Moustakas, J Walker, CK AF Bussmann, R. S. Narayanan, D. Shirley, Y. L. Juneau, S. Wu, J. Solomon, P. M. Bout, P. A. Vanden Moustakas, J. Walker, C. K. TI The star formation rate-dense gas relation in galaxies as measured by HCN(3-2) emission SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : ISM; submillimeter ID LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; MOLECULAR GAS; WATER MASERS; HCN; TRACERS; NUCLEI; HCO+ AB We present observations made with the 10 m Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope of HCN(3-2) emission from a sample of 30 nearby galaxies ranging in infrared luminosity from 10(10) to 10(12.5) L-circle dot and HCN(3-2) luminosity from 10(6) to 10(9) K km s(-1) pc(2). We examine the correlation between the infrared luminosity and HCN(3-2) luminosity and find that the best-fit linear regression has a slope (in log-log space) of. Including 0.74 +/- 0.12 recently published data from Gracia-Carpio et al. tightens the constraints on the best-fit slope to. 0.79 +/- 0.09 This slope below unity suggests that the HCN(3-2) molecular line luminosity is not linearly tracing the amount of dense gas. Our results are consistent with predictions from recent theoretical models that find slopes below unity when the line luminosity depends on the average gas density with a power-law index greater than a Kennicutt-Schmidt index of 1.5. C1 [Bussmann, R. S.; Narayanan, D.; Shirley, Y. L.; Juneau, S.; Walker, C. K.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Narayanan, D.; Wu, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Solomon, P. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. [Bout, P. A. Vanden] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Moustakas, J.] NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Bussmann, RS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 2 BP L73 EP L76 DI 10.1086/590181 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326LY UT WOS:000257661900006 ER PT J AU Capak, P Carilli, CL Lee, N Aldcroft, T Aussel, H Schinnerer, E Wilson, GW Yun, MS Blain, A Giavalisco, M Ilbert, O Kartaltepe, J Lee, KS McCracken, H Mobasher, B Salvato, M Sasaki, S Scott, KS Sheth, K Shioya, Y Thompson, D Elvis, M Sanders, DB Scoville, NZ Tanaguchi, Y AF Capak, Peter Carilli, C. L. Lee, N. Aldcroft, T. Aussel, H. Schinnerer, E. Wilson, G. W. Yun, M. S. Blain, A. Giavalisco, M. Ilbert, O. Kartaltepe, J. Lee, K. -S. McCracken, H. Mobasher, B. Salvato, M. Sasaki, S. Scott, K. S. Sheth, K. Shioya, Y. Thompson, D. Elvis, M. Sanders, D. B. Scoville, N. Z. Tanaguchi, Y. TI Spectroscopic confirmation of an extreme starburst at redshift 4.547 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : starburst; submillimeter ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; SCUBA SUPER-MAP; DEEP-FIELD; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; POPULATION SYNTHESIS; SOURCE CATALOG; NUMBER COUNTS; COSMOS FIELD; OLD GALAXIES AB We report the spectroscopic confirmation of a submillimeter galaxy (SMG) at z = 4.547 with an estimated L(IR) = (0.5-2.0) x 10(13) L(circle dot). The spectra, mid-IR, and X-ray properties indicate the bolometric luminosity is dominated by star formation at a rate of >1000 M(circle dot) yr(-1). Multiple, spatially separated components are visible in the Ly alpha line with an observed velocity difference of up to 380 km s(-1) and the object morphology indicates a merger. The best-fit spectral energy distribution and spectral line indicators suggest the object is 2-8 Myr old and contains >10(10) M(circle dot) of stellar mass. This object is a likely progenitor for the massive early-type systems seen at. z similar to 2. C1 [Capak, Peter; Sheth, K.] Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Carilli, C. L.; Lee, N.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Aldcroft, T.; Elvis, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Aussel, H.] Univ Paris 07, UMR 7158, Ctr Etud Saclay,AIM, CNRS,Unite Mixte Rech CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Schinnerer, E.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Wilson, G. W.; Yun, M. S.; Giavalisco, M.; Scott, K. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Ilbert, O.; Kartaltepe, J.; Sanders, D. B.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lee, K. -S.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [McCracken, H.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Mobasher, B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys & Astron, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Sasaki, S.; Shioya, Y.; Tanaguchi, Y.] Ehime Univ, Res Ctr Space & Cosm Evolut, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Thompson, D.] Univ Arizona, Large Binocular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Capak, Peter; Blain, A.; Salvato, M.; Sheth, K.; Scoville, N. Z.] 105 24 Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Capak, P (reprint author), Spitzer Sci Ctr, 314-6 Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Schinnerer, Eva/0000-0002-3933-7677 NR 37 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 2 BP L53 EP L56 DI 10.1086/590555 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326LY UT WOS:000257661900001 ER PT J AU Narayanan, D Cox, TJ Hernquist, L AF Narayanan, Desika Cox, Thomas J. Hernquist, Lars TI The star formation rate-dense gas relation in the nuclei of nearby galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : ISM; galaxies : starburst; ISM : molecules; radio lines : galaxies; radio lines : ISM; stars : formation ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; MOLECULAR GAS; HCN; TRACERS AB We investigate the relationship between the star formation rate (SFR) and dense molecular gas mass in the nuclei of galaxies. To do this, we utilize the observed 850 mu m luminosity as a proxy for the infrared luminosity (L-IR) and SFR, and we correlate this with the observed CO(J = 3-2) luminosity. We find tentative evidence that the L-IR-CO (J = 3-2) index is similar to the Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) index (N approximate to 1.5) in the central similar to 1.7 kpc of galaxies, and it flattens to a roughly linear index when including emission from the entire galaxy. This result may imply that the volumetric Schmidt relation is the underlying driver behind the observed SFR-dense gas correlations, and it provides tentative confirmation for recent numerical models. While the data exclude the possibility of a constant L-IR-CO(J = 3-2) index for both galaxy nuclei and global measurements at the similar to 80% confidence level, the considerable error bars cannot preclude alternative interpretations. C1 [Narayanan, Desika; Cox, Thomas J.; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Narayanan, D (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dnarayanan@cfa.harvard.edu NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 2 BP L77 EP L80 DI 10.1086/590342 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326LY UT WOS:000257661900007 ER PT J AU Rest, A Welch, DL Suntzeff, NB Oaster, L Lanning, H Olsen, K Smith, RC Becker, AC Bergmann, M Challis, P Clocchiatti, A Cook, KH Damke, G Garg, A Huber, ME Matheson, T Minniti, D Prieto, JL Wood-Vasey, WM AF Rest, A. Welch, D. L. Suntzeff, N. B. Oaster, L. Lanning, H. Olsen, K. Smith, R. C. Becker, A. C. Bergmann, M. Challis, P. Clocchiatti, A. Cook, K. H. Damke, G. Garg, A. Huber, M. E. Matheson, T. Minniti, D. Prieto, J. L. Wood-Vasey, W. M. TI Scattered-light echoes from the historical galactic supernovae Cassiopeia A and Tycho (SN 1572) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (Cassiopeia A, Tycho); supernova remnants; supernovae : general ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; X-RAY-SPECTRUM; IA SUPERNOVAE; REMNANT AB We report the discovery of an extensive system of scattered-light echo arclets associated with the recent supernovae in the local neighborhood of the Milky Way: Tycho (SN 1572) and Cassiopeia A. Existing work suggests that the Tycho SN was a thermonuclear explosion while the Cas A supernova was a core-collapse explosion. Precise classifications according to modern nomenclature require spectra of the outburst light. In the case of ancient SNe, this can only be done with spectroscopy of their light echo, where the discovery of the light echoes from the outburst light is the first step. Adjacent light echo positions suggest that Cas A and Tycho may share common scattering dust structures. If so, it is possible to measure precise distances between historical Galactic supernovae. Ongoing surveys that alert on the development of bright scattered-light echo features have the potential to reveal detailed spectroscopic information for many recent Galactic supernovae, both directly visible and obscured by dust in the Galactic plane. C1 [Rest, A.; Smith, R. C.; Damke, G.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Rest, A.; Garg, A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Welch, D. L.; Oaster, L.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Suntzeff, N. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lanning, H.; Olsen, K.; Matheson, T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Becker, A. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bergmann, M.] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Challis, P.; Wood-Vasey, W. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Clocchiatti, A.; Minniti, D.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago 22, Chile. [Cook, K. H.; Huber, M. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Huber, M. E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Prieto, J. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Rest, A (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, Colina El Pino S-N, La Serena, Chile. NR 23 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 2 BP L81 EP L84 DI 10.1086/590427 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326LY UT WOS:000257661900008 ER PT J AU Savov, IP Luhr, JF Navarro-Ochoa, C AF Savov, Ivan P. Luhr, James F. Navarro-Ochoa, Carlos TI Petrology and geochemistry of lava and ash erupted from Volcan Colima, Mexico, during 1998-2005 SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Colima; andesite; petrology; Mexican Volcanic Belt; Vulcanian eruptions ID HIGH-ALUMINA BASALTS; DE-COLIMA; COMPLEX SYSTEMS; WESTERN MEXICO; EQUILIBRIA; ANDESITE; BELT; CLINOPYROXENE; EVOLUTION; PYROXENE AB Lava (n = 8) and bulk ash samples (n = 6) erupted between July 1999 and June 2005 were investigated to extend time-series compositional and textural studies of the products erupted from Volcan Colima since 1869. In particular, we seek to evaluate the possibility that the current activity will culminate in major explosive Plinian-style event similar to that in 1913. Lava samples continue to show relatively heterogeneous whole-rock compositions with some significant mafic spikes (1999, 2001) as have prevailed since 1976. Groundmass SiO2 contents continue trends to lower levels that have prevailed since 1961, in the direction of the still lower groundmass SiO2 contents found in 1913 scoriae. Importantly, ash samples from investigated Vulcanian-style explosive eruptions in 2005 are devoid of particles with micro-vesiculated groundmass textures; such textures characterized the 1913 scoriae, signifying expansion of in-situ magmatic gas as the propellant of the 1913 eruption. All magmas erupted since 1913 appear to have arrived in the upper volcanic conduit system in a degassed state. The small to moderate Vulcanian-style explosive eruptions, which have been common since 1999 (>16,000 events), have blasted ash clouds as high as 11 km a.s.l. and sent pyroclastic flows out to distances of 5 km. These eruptions do not appear to be powered by expansion of in-situ magmatic gas. New small lava domes have been observed in the crater prior to many explosive eruptions. These plugs of degassed lava may temporarily seal the conduit and allow the build-up of magmatic gases streaming upward from below ahead of rising and degassing magma. In this interpretation, when gas pressure exceeds the strength of the plug seal in the upper conduit, an explosive Vulcanian-style eruption occurs. Alternatively these explosive eruptions may represent interactions of hot rock and groundwater (phreato-magmatic). (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Savov, Ivan P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Luhr, James F.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Sci, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Navarro-Ochoa, Carlos] Univ Colima, Observ Vulcanol, Colima 28045, Mexico. RP Savov, IP (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM i.savov@see.leeds.ac.uk NR 49 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 10 PY 2008 VL 174 IS 4 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.02.007 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 336HV UT WOS:000258355800001 ER PT J AU Reeves, KK Guild, TB Hughes, WJ Korreck, KE Lin, J Raymond, J Savage, S Schwadron, NA Spence, HE Webb, DF Wiltberger, M AF Reeves, K. K. Guild, T. B. Hughes, W. J. Korreck, K. E. Lin, J. Raymond, J. Savage, S. Schwadron, N. A. Spence, H. E. Webb, D. F. Wiltberger, M. TI Posteruptive phenomena in coronal mass ejections and substorms: Indicators of a universal process? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BURSTY BULK FLOWS; FIELD LINE SHRINKAGE; FLARE SUPRA-ARCADE; SOLAR-FLARES; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; PLASMA SHEET; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; FLUX TUBES; MAGNETOTAIL; EXPANSION AB We examine phenomena associated with eruptions in the two different regimes of the solar corona and the terrestrial magnetosphere. We find striking similarities between the speeds of shrinking magnetic field lines in the corona and dipolarization fronts traversing the magnetosphere. We also examine the similarities between supra-arcade downflows observed during solar flares and bursty bulk flows seen in the magnetotail and find that these phenomena have remarkably similar speeds, velocity profiles, and size scales. Thus we show manifest similarities in the magnetic reconfiguration in response to the ejection of coronal mass ejections in the corona and the ejection of plasmoids in the magnetotail. The subsequent return of loops to a quasi-potential state in the corona and field dipolarization in the magnetotail are physical analogs and trigger similar phenomena such as downflows, which provides key insights into the underlying drivers of the plasma dynamics. C1 [Reeves, K. K.; Korreck, K. E.; Lin, J.; Raymond, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Guild, T. B.] Aerosp Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Hughes, W. J.; Schwadron, N. A.; Spence, H. E.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Savage, S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Webb, D. F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Wiltberger, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Reeves, KK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kreeves@cfa.harvard.edu; timothy.guild@aero.org; hughes@bu.edu; kkoreck@cfa.harvard.edu; jlin@cfa.harvard.edu; jraymond@cfa.harvard.edu; savage@physics.montana.edu; nathanas@bu.edu; spence@bu.edu; david.webb@hanscom.af.mil; wiltbemj@ucar.edu RI Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014; Wiltberger, Michael/B-8781-2008; LIN, JUN/B-9890-2017 OI Wiltberger, Michael/0000-0002-4844-3148; NR 48 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 9 PY 2008 VL 113 AR A00B02 DI 10.1029/2008JA013049 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 327SB UT WOS:000257747700003 ER PT J AU Santos, C Jaramillo, C Bayona, G Rueda, M Torres, V AF Santos, C. Jaramillo, C. Bayona, G. Rueda, M. Torres, V. TI Late eocene marine incursion in north-western South America SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE late eocene; palynology; salinity index; marine influence; Mirador Formation, Carbonera Formation ID MIDDLE MAGDALENA VALLEY; BASIN DEVELOPMENT; POLLEN DISTRIBUTION; EASTERN CORDILLERA; TECTONIC HISTORY; PETROLEUM GEOLOGY; FORELAND-BASIN; LLANOS BASIN; ILANOS BASIN; COLOMBIA AB During the late Eocene in the Colombian Subandean basins, one of the most important oil-bearing rocks of the country was deposited: the Mirador Formation. Palaeogeographical models have interpreted a typically fluvial environment for the lower Mirador Formation and marginal to marine environments for its upper layers. The potential of marine influence in the upper Mirador beds and the overlying lower Carbonera formation as a correlation tool, and the palaeogeographic distribution of the event have not yet been defined. In order to determine the palaeogeography of this probable incursion, 80 wells and four sections were analysed using palynological techniques. The presence of a marine influence in the sediments was determined by using a Salinity Index (SI) that describes the negative relationship between continental and marine palynomorphs. The marine influence has been recognized in two areas: the first, in the Putumayo basin, and the second, in the Eastern Cordillera and Central Llanos Foothills. In the Putumayo basin the Salinity Index pattern reveals a southern provenance of the marine incursion, flooding the Colombian territory in a South-North trend through the Ecuadorian coast. The marine influence of the Eastern Cordillera and the Central-Eastern Llanos Foothills is more difficult to explain. We propose a possible corridor through the proto-Lower Magdalena Valley that connected the Caribbean Sea and the Central Llanos Foothills. Palaeogeographic models for the late Eocene of north-western South America should consider this marine incursion and its geographical distribution. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jaramillo, C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 03092, Panama. [Santos, C.] GEMS Ltda, Grp Bioestratig, Inst Colombiano Petroleo, Santander, Colombia. [Bayona, G.] Corp Geol ARES, Bogota, Colombia. [Rueda, M.] Paleoflora Ltda, Grp Bioestratig, Inst Colombiano Petroleo, Santander, Colombia. RP Jaramillo, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0843, Balboa 03092, Panama. EM carlossantosd@yahoo.com; jaramilloc@si.edu; gbayona@cgares.org; paleoflora@yahoo.com; vladimir.torres@ecopetrol.com.co NR 52 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JUL 7 PY 2008 VL 264 IS 1-2 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.04.010 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 331MZ UT WOS:000258017600012 ER PT J AU Percy, DM Garver, AM Wagner, WL James, HF Cunningham, CW Miller, SE Fleischer, RC AF Percy, Diana M. Garver, Adam M. Wagner, Warren L. James, Helen F. Cunningham, Clifford W. Miller, Scott E. Fleischer, Robert C. TI Progressive island colonization and ancient origin of Hawaiian Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE chloroplast; Hawaiian Islands; Metrosideros; parallel evolution; plasticity; polymorphism ID POLYMORPHA MYRTACEAE; CHLOROPLAST GENEALOGY; EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; LIKELIHOOD APPROACH; FOREST SUCCESSION; FOLIAR PUBESCENCE; GENETIC-VARIATION; DNA-SEQUENCES; CONVEYOR BELT; EVOLUTION AB Knowledge of the evolutionary history of plants that are ecologically dominant in modern ecosystems is critical to understanding the historical development of those ecosystems. Metrosideros is a plant genus found in many ecological and altitudinal zones throughout the Pacific. In the Hawaiian Islands, Metrosideros polymorpha is an ecologically dominant species and is also highly polymorphic in both growth form and ecology. Using 10 non-coding chloroplast regions, we investigated haplotype diversity in the five currently recognized Hawaiian Metrosideros species and an established out-group, Metrosideros collina, from French Polynesia. Multiple haplotype groups were found, but these did not match morphological delimitations. Alternative morphologies sharing the same haplotype, as well as similar morphologies occurring within several distinct island clades, could be the result of developmental plasticity, parallel evolution or chloroplast capture. The geographical structure of the data is consistent with a pattern of age progressive island colonizations and suggests de novo intra-island diversification. If single colonization events resulted in a similar array of morphologies on each island, this would represent parallel radiations within a single, highly polymorphic species. However, we were unable to resolve whether the pattern is instead explained by ancient introgression and incomplete lineage sorting resulting in repeated chloroplast capture. Using several calibration methods, we estimate the colonization of the Hawaiian Islands to be potentially as old as 3.9 (-6.3) Myr with an ancestral position for Kaua'i in the colonization and evolution of Metrosideros in the Hawaiian Islands. This would represent a more ancient arrival of Metrosideros to this region than previous studies have suggested. C1 [Percy, Diana M.] Univ British Columbia, Ctr Plant Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Percy, Diana M.; Garver, Adam M.; Wagner, Warren L.; James, Helen F.; Miller, Scott E.; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Percy, Diana M.; Garver, Adam M.; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolut Genet, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Cunningham, Clifford W.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Percy, DM (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Bot Garden, 6804 S W Marine Dr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM dmpercy@interchange.ubc.ca RI Cunningham, Clifford/B-9807-2014; OI Cunningham, Clifford/0000-0002-5434-5122; Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378 NR 72 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 7 PY 2008 VL 275 IS 1642 BP 1479 EP 1490 DI 10.1098/rspb.2008.0191 PG 12 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 301NN UT WOS:000255903000002 PM 18426752 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML Scheffer, SJ AF Buffington, Matthew L. Scheffer, Sonja J. TI North American species of Agrostocynips Diaz (Hymenoptera : Figitidae : Eucoilinae), parasitoids of Agromyzidae (Diptera): bionomics and taxonomy SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Agrostocynips; Phytomyza; Liriomyza; Agromyza; Agromyzidae; Eucoilinae; Figitidae; redescription ID GANASPIDIUM-UTILIS HYMENOPTERA; HOLLY LEAFMINER; LEAF MINER; LIRIOMYZA; CYNIPOIDEA; PHYTOMYZA; GENUS; FORSTER; BUFFINGTON; INSECTICIDES AB The genus Agrostocynips Diaz is redescribed, as well as two species endemic to the Nearctic: Agrostocynips diastrophi (Ashmead) and A. robusta (Ashmead). Previous to this study, only Neotropical species of Agrostocynips were well diagnosed both taxonomically and biologically. Agrostocynips belongs to the Zaeucoila group of genera, which are Neotropical eucoilines that principally parasitize Agromyzidae (Diptera); among these genera, species of Agrostocynips are some of the few representatives that are found in the Nearctic. Detailed host records and biological notes are provided for the Nearctic species. C1 [Buffington, Matthew L.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Scheffer, Sonja J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH, Smithsonian Inst, 10th & Constitut Ave NW,POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov; sonja.scheffer@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 7 PY 2008 IS 1817 BP 39 EP 48 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 323OA UT WOS:000257454700004 ER PT J AU Solomon, SC McNutt, RL Watters, TR Lawrence, DJ Feldman, WC Head, JW Krimigis, SM Murchie, SL Phillips, RJ Slavin, JA Zuber, MT AF Solomon, Sean C. McNutt, Ralph L., Jr. Watters, Thomas R. Lawrence, David J. Feldman, William C. Head, James W. Krimigis, Stamatios M. Murchie, Scott L. Phillips, Roger J. Slavin, James A. Zuber, Maria T. TI Return to Mercury: A global perspective on MESSENGER's first mercury flyby SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; SHELL; SPECTROMETER; SPACECRAFT; CORE AB In January 2008, the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging ( MESSENGER) spacecraft became the first probe to fly past the planet Mercury in 33 years. The encounter revealed that Mercury is a dynamic system; its liquid iron- rich outer core is coupled through a dominantly dipolar magnetic field to the surface, exosphere, and magnetosphere, all of which interact with the solar wind. MESSENGER images confirm that lobate scarps are the dominant tectonic landform and record global contraction associated with cooling of the planet. The history of contraction can be related to the history of volcanism and cratering, and the total contractional strain is at least one- third greater than inferred from Mariner 10 images. On the basis of measurements of thermal neutrons made during the flyby, the average abundance of iron in Mercury's surface material is less than 6% by weight. C1 [Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [McNutt, Ralph L., Jr.; Lawrence, David J.; Krimigis, Stamatios M.; Murchie, Scott L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Watters, Thomas R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Feldman, William C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Head, James W.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Krimigis, Stamatios M.] Acad Athens, Athens 11527, Greece. [Phillips, Roger J.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Slavin, James A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zuber, Maria T.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Solomon, SC (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM scs@dtm.ciw.edu RI McNutt, Ralph/E-8006-2010; Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015 OI McNutt, Ralph/0000-0002-4722-9166; Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667 NR 37 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5885 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1126/science.1159706 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 321QE UT WOS:000257320800032 PM 18599768 ER PT J AU McClintock, WE Izenberg, NR Holsclaw, GM Blewett, DT Domingue, DL Head, JW Helbert, J McCoy, TJ Murchie, SL Robinson, MS Solomon, SC Sprague, AL Vilas, F AF McClintock, William E. Izenberg, Noam R. Holsclaw, Gregory M. Blewett, David T. Domingue, Deborah L. Head, James W., III Helbert, Joern McCoy, Timothy J. Murchie, Scott L. Robinson, Mark S. Solomon, Sean C. Sprague, Ann L. Vilas, Faith TI Spectroscopic observations of Mercury's surface reflectance during MESSENGER's first mercury flyby SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS; HERMEAN REGOLITH; LUNAR; SPECTRA; MOON; IRON; SOIL; MARINER-10; MISSION AB During MESSENGER's first flyby of Mercury, the Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer made simultaneous mid- ultraviolet to near- infrared ( wavelengths of 200 to 1300 nanometers) reflectance observations of the surface. An ultraviolet absorption (< 280 nanometers) suggests that the ferrous oxide ( Fe(2+)) content of silicates in average surface material is low ( less than 2 to 3 weight percent). This result is supported by the lack of a detectable 1- micrometer Fe(2+) absorption band in high- spatial- resolution spectra of mature surface materials as well as immature crater ejecta, which suggests that the ferrous iron content may be low both on the surface and at depth. Differences in absorption features and slope among the spectra are evidence for variations in composition and regolith maturation of Mercury's surface. C1 [McClintock, William E.; Holsclaw, Gregory M.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Izenberg, Noam R.; Blewett, David T.; Domingue, Deborah L.; Murchie, Scott L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Head, James W., III] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Helbert, Joern] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [McCoy, Timothy J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Robinson, Mark S.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Sprague, Ann L.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Vilas, Faith] Univ Arizona, Multiple Mirror Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP McClintock, WE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM william.mcclintock@lasp.colorado.edu RI Blewett, David/I-4904-2012; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Izenberg, Noam/F-3952-2015; OI Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Izenberg, Noam/0000-0003-1629-6478; Helbert, Jorn/0000-0001-5346-9505 NR 34 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5885 BP 62 EP 65 DI 10.1126/science.1159933 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 321QE UT WOS:000257320800033 PM 18599769 ER PT J AU Robinson, MS Murchie, SL Blewett, DT Domingue, DL Hawkins, SE Head, JW Holsclaw, GM McClintock, WE McCoy, TJ McNutt, RL Prockter, LM Solomon, SC Watters, TR AF Robinson, Mark S. Murchie, Scott L. Blewett, David T. Domingue, Deborah L. Hawkins, S. Edward, III Head, James W. Holsclaw, Gregory M. McClintock, William E. McCoy, Timothy J. McNutt, Ralph L., Jr. Prockter, Louise M. Solomon, Sean C. Watters, Thomas R. TI Reflectance and color variations on Mercury: Regolith processes and compositional heterogeneity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HERMEAN REGOLITH; LUNAR; MARINER-10; SPECTRA; ABUNDANCE; IRON AB Multispectral images of Mercury obtained by the MESSENGER spacecraft reveal that its surface has an overall relatively low reflectance with three large- scale units identified on the basis of reflectance and slope ( 0.4 to 1.0 micrometer). A higher- reflectance, relatively red material occurs as a distinct class of smooth plains that were likely emplaced volcanically; a lower-reflectance material with a lesser spectral slope may represent a distinct crustal component enriched in opaque minerals, possibly more common at depth. A spectrally intermediate terrain probably forms most of the upper crust. Three other spectrally distinct but spatially restricted units include fresh crater ejecta less affected by space weathering than other surface materials; high- reflectance deposits seen in some crater floors; and moderately high- reflectance, relatively reddish material associated with rimless depressions. C1 [Robinson, Mark S.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Murchie, Scott L.; Blewett, David T.; Domingue, Deborah L.; Hawkins, S. Edward, III; McNutt, Ralph L., Jr.; Prockter, Louise M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Head, James W.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Holsclaw, Gregory M.; McClintock, William E.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [McCoy, Timothy J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Watters, Thomas R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Robinson, MS (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM robinson@ser.asu.edu RI Blewett, David/I-4904-2012; McNutt, Ralph/E-8006-2010; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358; McNutt, Ralph/0000-0002-4722-9166; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 NR 31 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5885 BP 66 EP 69 DI 10.1126/science.1160080 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 321QE UT WOS:000257320800034 PM 18599770 ER PT J AU Head, JW Murchie, SL Prockter, LM Robinson, MS Solomon, SC Strom, RG Chapman, CR Watters, TR McClintock, WE Blewett, DT Gillis-Davis, JJ AF Head, James W. Murchie, Scott L. Prockter, Louise M. Robinson, Mark S. Solomon, Sean C. Strom, Robert G. Chapman, Clark R. Watters, Thomas R. McClintock, William E. Blewett, David T. Gillis-Davis, Jeffrey J. TI Volcanism on Mercury: Evidence from the first MESSENGER flyby SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LUNAR; CRATERS; CLASSIFICATION; TECTONISM; MISSION; GEOLOGY; ORIGIN; VENUS AB The origin of plains on Mercury, whether by volcanic flooding or impact ejecta ponding, has been controversial since the Mariner 10 flybys ( 1974- 75). High- resolution images ( down to 150 meters per pixel) obtained during the first MESSENGER flyby show evidence for volcanic vents around the Caloris basin inner margin and demonstrate that plains were emplaced sequentially inside and adjacent to numerous large impact craters, to thicknesses in excess of several kilometers. Radial graben and a floor- fractured crater may indicate intrusive activity. These observations, coupled with additional evidence from color images and impact crater size- frequency distributions, support a volcanic origin for several regions of plains and substantiate the important role of volcanism in the geological history of Mercury. C1 [Head, James W.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Murchie, Scott L.; Prockter, Louise M.; Blewett, David T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Robinson, Mark S.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Strom, Robert G.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Chapman, Clark R.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Watters, Thomas R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [McClintock, William E.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Gillis-Davis, Jeffrey J.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Head, JW (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM James_Head@brown.edu RI Blewett, David/I-4904-2012; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 NR 29 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5885 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1126/science.1159256 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 321QE UT WOS:000257320800035 PM 18599771 ER PT J AU Murchie, SL Watters, TR Robinson, MS Head, JW Strom, RG Chapman, CR Solomon, SC McClintock, WE Prockter, LM Domingue, DL Blewett, DT AF Murchie, Scott L. Watters, Thomas R. Robinson, Mark S. Head, James W. Strom, Robert G. Chapman, Clark R. Solomon, Sean C. McClintock, William E. Prockter, Louise M. Domingue, Deborah L. Blewett, David T. TI Geology of the Caloris basin, Mercury: A view from MESSENGER SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LUNAR; VOLCANISM AB The Caloris basin, the youngest known large impact basin on Mercury, is revealed in MESSENGER images to be modified by volcanism and deformation in a manner distinct from that of lunar impact basins. The morphology and spatial distribution of basin materials themselves closely match lunar counterparts. Evidence for a volcanic origin of the basin's interior plains includes embayed craters on the basin floor and diffuse deposits surrounding rimless depressions interpreted to be of pyroclastic origin. Unlike lunar maria, the volcanic plains in Caloris are higher in albedo than surrounding basin materials and lack spectral evidence for ferrous iron- bearing silicates. Tectonic landforms, contractional wrinkle ridges and extensional troughs, have distributions and age relations different from their counterparts in and around lunar basins, indicating a different stress history. C1 [Murchie, Scott L.; Prockter, Louise M.; Domingue, Deborah L.; Blewett, David T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Watters, Thomas R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Robinson, Mark S.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85251 USA. [Head, James W.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02906 USA. [Strom, Robert G.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Chapman, Clark R.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Solomon, Sean C.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC USA. [McClintock, William E.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Murchie, SL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Blewett, David/I-4904-2012; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 NR 27 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5885 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1126/science.1159261 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 321QE UT WOS:000257320800036 PM 18599772 ER PT J AU Alroy, J Aberhan, M Bottjer, DJ Foote, M Fursich, FT Harries, PJ Hendy, AJW Holland, SM Ivany, LC Kiessling, W Kosnik, MA Marshall, CR McGowan, AJ Miller, AI Olszewski, TD Patzkowsky, ME Peters, SE Villier, L Wagner, PJ Bonuso, N Borkow, PS Brenneis, B Clapham, ME Fall, LM Ferguson, CA Hanson, VL Krug, AZ Layou, KM Leckey, EH Nurnberg, S Powers, CM Sessa, JA Simpson, C Tomasovych, A Visaggi, CC AF Alroy, John Aberhan, Martin Bottjer, David J. Foote, Michael Fuersich, Franz T. Harries, Peter J. Hendy, Austin J. W. Holland, Steven M. Ivany, Linda C. Kiessling, Wolfgang Kosnik, Matthew A. Marshall, Charles R. McGowan, Alistair J. Miller, Arnold I. Olszewski, Thomas D. Patzkowsky, Mark E. Peters, Shanan E. Villier, Loic Wagner, Peter J. Bonuso, Nicole Borkow, Philip S. Brenneis, Benjamin Clapham, Matthew E. Fall, Leigh M. Ferguson, Chad A. Hanson, Victoria L. Krug, Andrew Z. Layou, Karen M. Leckey, Erin H. Nuernberg, Sabine Powers, Catherine M. Sessa, Jocelyn A. Simpson, Carl Tomasovych, Adam Visaggi, Christy C. TI Phanerozoic trends in the global diversity of marine invertebrates SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY; SAMPLING-STANDARDIZATION; MASS EXTINCTIONS; ANIMAL DIVERSITY; ALPHA-DIVERSITY; FOSSIL RECORD; DIVERSIFICATION; COMMUNITIES; EVENNESS; INCREASE AB It has previously been thought that there was a steep Cretaceous and Cenozoic radiation of marine invertebrates. This pattern can be replicated with a new data set of fossil occurrences representing 3.5 million specimens, but only when older analytical protocols are used. Moreover, analyses that employ sampling standardization and more robust counting methods show a modest rise in diversity with no clear trend after the mid- Cretaceous. Globally, locally, and at both high and low latitudes, diversity was less than twice as high in the Neogene as in the mid- Paleozoic. The ratio of global to local richness has changed little, and a latitudinal diversity gradient was present in the early Paleozoic. C1 [Alroy, John] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Aberhan, Martin; Kiessling, Wolfgang; Brenneis, Benjamin; Nuernberg, Sabine] Humboldt Univ, Museum Nat Kunde, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Bottjer, David J.; Bonuso, Nicole; Clapham, Matthew E.; Powers, Catherine M.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Foote, Michael; Peters, Shanan E.; Hanson, Victoria L.; Krug, Andrew Z.; Simpson, Carl; Tomasovych, Adam] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Fuersich, Franz T.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Geozentrum Nordbayern, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Harries, Peter J.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Hendy, Austin J. W.; Miller, Arnold I.; Ferguson, Chad A.; Layou, Karen M.; Sessa, Jocelyn A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Hendy, Austin J. W.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Holland, Steven M.; Hanson, Victoria L.; Layou, Karen M.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ivany, Linda C.; Visaggi, Christy C.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Kosnik, Matthew A.; Wagner, Peter J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Marshall, Charles R.] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McGowan, Alistair J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Palaeontol, London SW7 5BD, England. [Olszewski, Thomas D.; Fall, Leigh M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Olszewski, Thomas D.; Fall, Leigh M.] Texas A&M Univ, Fac Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Patzkowsky, Mark E.; Krug, Andrew Z.; Sessa, Jocelyn A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Peters, Shanan E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Villier, Loic] Univ Aix Marseille 1, Ctr Sedimentol Paleontol, F-13331 Marseille 3, France. [Bonuso, Nicole] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. [Borkow, Philip S.] Hamilton Local Sch Dist, Dept Sci, Columbus, OH 43207 USA. [Clapham, Matthew E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Layou, Karen M.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Geol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Leckey, Erin H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Simpson, Carl] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tomasovych, Adam] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Geol, Bratislava 84005 45, Slovakia. [Visaggi, Christy C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Alroy, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, 735 State St, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM alroy@nceas.ucsb.edu RI Alroy, John/B-4585-2009; Kosnik, Matthew/G-2312-2010; Simpson, Carl/E-7140-2010; Peters, Shanan/A-5620-2013; Hendy, Austin/C-1279-2013; Nurnberg, Sabine/D-5217-2013; Clapham, Matthew/A-4294-2015; Kiessling, Wolfgang/E-2259-2015; Holland, Steven/A-8557-2008 OI Tomasovych, Adam/0000-0002-0471-9480; Kosnik, Matthew/0000-0001-5380-7041; Peters, Shanan/0000-0002-3346-4317; Hendy, Austin/0000-0002-9818-1158; Clapham, Matthew/0000-0003-4867-7304; Holland, Steven/0000-0002-4527-9370 NR 35 TC 305 Z9 321 U1 9 U2 104 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 4 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5885 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1126/science.1156963 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 321QE UT WOS:000257320800044 PM 18599780 ER PT J AU Richardson, JD Kasper, JC Wang, C Belcher, JW Lazarus, AJ AF Richardson, John D. Kasper, Justin C. Wang, Chi Belcher, John W. Lazarus, Alan J. TI Cool heliosheath plasma and deceleration of the upstream solar wind at the termination shock SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID INTERSTELLAR MAGNETIC-FIELD; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; PERPENDICULAR SHOCKS; VOYAGER-1 AB The solar wind blows outward from the Sun and forms a bubble of solar material in the interstellar medium. The termination shock occurs where the solar wind changes from being supersonic ( with respect to the surrounding interstellar medium) to being subsonic. The shock was crossed by Voyager 1 at a heliocentric radius of 94 AU ( 1 AU is the Earth - Sun distance) in December 2004 ( refs 1 - 3). The Voyager 2 plasma experiment observed a decrease in solar wind speed commencing on about 9 June 2007, which culminated in several crossings of the termination shock between 30 August and 1 September 2007 ( refs 4 - 7). Since then, Voyager 2 has remained in the heliosheath, the region of shocked solar wind. Here we report observations of plasma at and near the termination shock and in the heliosheath. The heliosphere is asymmetric, pushed inward in the Voyager 2 direction relative to the Voyager 1 direction. The termination shock is a weak, quasi- perpendicular shock that heats the thermal plasma very little. An unexpected finding is that the flow is still supersonic with respect to the thermal ions downstream of the termination shock. Most of the solar wind energy is transferred to the pickup ions or other energetic particles both upstream of and at the termination shock. C1 [Richardson, John D.; Belcher, John W.; Lazarus, Alan J.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Richardson, John D.; Wang, Chi] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, State Key Lab Space Weather, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Kasper, Justin C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Richardson, JD (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 37-655, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jdr@space.mit.edu RI Kasper, Justin/D-1152-2010 OI Kasper, Justin/0000-0002-7077-930X NR 19 TC 245 Z9 245 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 454 IS 7200 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1038/nature07024 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 321MC UT WOS:000257308300035 PM 18596800 ER PT J AU Gratwicke, B Mills, J Dutton, A Gabriel, G Long, B Seidensticker, J Wright, B You, W Zhang, L AF Gratwicke, Brian Mills, Judy Dutton, Adam Gabriel, Grace Long, Barney Seidensticker, John Wright, Belinda You, Wang Zhang, Li TI Attitudes Toward Consumption and Conservation of Tigers in China SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB A heated debate has recently emerged between tiger farmers and conservationists about the potential consequences of lifting the ban on trade in farmed tiger products in China. This debate has caused unfounded speculation about the extent of the potential market for tiger products. To fill this knowledge gap, we surveyed 1880 residents from a total of six Chinese cities to understand Urban Chinese tiger consumption behavior, knowledge of trade issues and attitudes towards tiger conservation. We found that 43% of respondents had consumed some product alleged to contain tiger parts. Within this user-group, 71% said that they preferred wild products over farmed ones. The two predominant products used were tiger bone plasters (38%) and tiger bone wine (6.4%). 88% of respondents knew that it was illegal to buy or sell tiger products, and 93% agreed that a ban in trade of tiger parts was necessary to conserve wild tigers. These results indicate that while Urban Chinese people are generally supportive of tiger conservation, there is a huge residual demand for tiger products that could resurge if the ban on trade in tiger parts is lifted in China. We suspect that the current supply of the market is predominantly met by fakes or substitutes branded as tiger medicines, but not listing tiger as an ingredient. We suggest that the Traditional Chinese Medicine community should consider re-branding these products as bone-healing medicines in order to reduce the residual demand for real tiger parts over the long-term. The lifting of the current ban on trade in farmed tiger parts may cause a surge in demand for wild tiger parts that consumers say are better. Because of the low input costs associated with poaching, wild-sourced parts would consistently undercut the prices of farmed tigers that could easily be laundered on a legal market. We therefore recommend that the Chinese authorities maintain the ban on trade in tiger parts, and work to improve the enforcement of the existing ban. C1 [Gratwicke, Brian; Mills, Judy] Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, Save The Tiger Fund, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Dutton, Adam] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford, England. [Gabriel, Grace] Int Fund For Anim Welfare, Yarmouth Port, MA USA. [Long, Barney] World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC USA. [Wright, Belinda] Wildlife Protect Soc India, New Delhi, India. [You, Wang] Horizon key, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Li] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Seidensticker, John] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Park, Washington, DC USA. RP Gratwicke, B (reprint author), Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, Save The Tiger Fund, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM brian.gratwicke@gmail.com FU Rufford Foundation; Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund; ExxonMobil Foundation FX Financial support was provided by the Rufford Foundation, the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund and the ExxonMobil Foundation. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 12 U2 56 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 2 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 7 AR e2544 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002544 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 406IM UT WOS:000263288200016 PM 18596926 ER PT J AU Neufeld, MJ AF Neufeld, Michael J. TI von Braun and the lunar-orbit rendezvous decision: finding a way to go to the moon SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th International Astronautical Congress CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Hyderabad, INDIA AB This paper will discuss the process by which von Braun finally picked LOR in the spring of 1962 and attempts to pinpoint the date of that decision. However, it also examines his long prehistory of Moon proposals, beginning in public with his October 1952 Collier's articles. In 1961, after President Kennedy's endorsement of the Apollo landing goal, he leaned toward EOR primarily because he did not want to build the huge launch vehicle required for direct ascent. He only gradually and somewhat reluctantly changed his mind. How that came about is the fundamental substance of this paper. (c) 2008 The Smithsonian Institution. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Space Hist Div, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Neufeld, MJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Space Hist Div, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM neufeldm@si.edu NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 63 IS 1-4 BP 540 EP 550 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.12.01 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 325KO UT WOS:000257588000058 ER PT J AU Guzman, HM Cipriani, R Jackson, JJB AF Guzman, Hector M. Cipriani, Roberto Jackson, Jeremy J. B. TI Historical decline in coral reef growth after the Panama Canal SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM DECLINE; MAJOR OIL-SPILL; SKELETAL DELTA-C-13; BASE-LINES; RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE; METALS; RECORD; BELIZE AB The Panama Canal is near its vessel size and tonnage handling capacity, and Panamanians have decided to expand it. The expansion of the Canal may consider the historical long-lasting impacts on marine coastal habitats particularly on sensitive coral reefs. These potential impacts were discussed during the national referendum as were other equally important issues, such as its effects on forests, watersheds, and water supply. Coral growth rates provide a direct measure of coral fitness and past environmental conditions comparable to analyses of tree rings. We examined stable isotopes, metal geochemical tracers, and growth rates on a century-long (1880-1989) chronology based on 77 cores of the dominant reef-building coral Siderastrea siderea collected near the Caribbean entrance to the canal. Our results showed a gradual decline in coral growth unrelated to changes in sea surface temperature but linked to runoff and sedimentation to coastal areas resulting from the construction and operation of the Panama Canal. C1 [Guzman, Hector M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Cipriani, Roberto] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Estudios Ambientales, Caracas 1080, Venezuela. [Jackson, Jeremy J. B.] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Guzman, HM (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM guzmanh@si.edu; rcipri@usb.ve; jbjackson@ucsd.edu RI kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD JUL PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 342 EP 346 DI 10.1579/07-A-372.1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 341QJ UT WOS:000258729400004 PM 18828279 ER PT J AU Davis, DR Quintero, D Cambra, RA Aiello, A AF Davis, Donald Ray Quintero A., Diomedes Cambra T., Roberto A. Aiello, Annette TI Biology of a new Panamanian bagworm moth (Lepidoptera : Psychidae) with predatory larvae, and eggs individually wrapped in setal cases SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE egg case; life history; morphology; predation ID CANNIBALISM; GENUS AB The biology and morphology of all stages of a new species of Psychidae from Panama, Perisceptis carnivora Davis (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), are described. The larvae of this bagworm are unusual in being obligatory predators, feeding on a broad range of living arthropods, including Arachnida, Coleoptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, and Orthoptera. Probably because of their relative abundance, ants seem to be the most frequent prey. The eggs of this species are protected in a manner that may be unique for insects. Soon after an egg exits the female ovipore, it is wrapped inside a small cocoon-like case constructed of specialized setae from the seventh abdominal segment. Hypotheses as to how, these eggs are wrapped and how the cases may protect the eggs are proposed. C1 [Davis, Donald Ray; Quintero A., Diomedes; Cambra T., Roberto A.; Aiello, Annette] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC USA. RP Davis, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC USA. EM davisd@si.edu NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 689 EP 702 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[689:BOANPB]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 328BX UT WOS:000257773600002 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG Simmons, RB AF Pogue, Michael G. Simmons, Rebecca B. TI A new pest species of Copitarsia (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) from the neotropical region feeding on Asparagus and cut flowers SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cryptic species; mitochondrial DNA; morphology; agriculturally important species; phylogeny ID POLYMERASE; DECOLORA; DNA AB The egg, first and last instars, and adult of Copitarsia corruda, n. sp. from Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru are described and illustrated. Larval host plant genera include Asparagus (Liliaceae) (Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador), Iris (Iridaceae) (Ecuador), Ammi (Apiaceae) (Ecuador), Lysimachia (Primuilaceae) (Colombia), Callistephus (Asteraceae) (Colombia), and Aster (Asteraceae) (Colombia). The larva of Copitarsia decolora (Guenee) is described and illustrated. In addition to genitalic and larval characters, mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) was analyzed to differentiate C. corruda from Copitarsia decolora (Guenee), and to examine geographic and host plant differences between the two species. C1 [Pogue, Michael G.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Simmons, Rebecca B.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, POB 17012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.pogue@ars.usda.gov; rebecca.simmons@und.nodak.edu NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 743 EP 762 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[743:ANPSOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 328BX UT WOS:000257773600006 ER PT J AU Fordyce, JA Forister, ML Nice, CC Burns, JM Shapiro, AM AF Fordyce, James A. Forister, Matthew L. Nice, Chris C. Burns, John M. Shapiro, Arthur M. TI Patterns of genetic variation between the checkered skippers Pyrgus communis and Pyrgus albescens (Lepidoptera : hesperiidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genitalia; introgression; phylogeography; sibling species; Sierra Nevada ID NORTH-AMERICA; DIVERSIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIAL; CONSERVATION; BUTTERFLIES; LYCAENIDAE; CALIFORNIA; TREES; FLOW AB We examined patterns of genetic variation between the transcontinental species Pyrgus communis (Grote) and Pyrgus albescens Plotz (Hesperiidae) to examine whether patterns of molecular variation are congruent with the taxonomy. Sequence data from mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA failed to distinguish the two taxa. Although substantial genetic variation is explained by the two nominal taxa, more variation is explained by geography. Specifically, our molecular data indicate that the Transverse Ranges of southern California and the Sierra Nevada are important features affecting patterns of genetic variation. The possibility of recent divergence and secondary contact is discussed. Although P. communis and P. albescens do not adhere to a phylogenetic species concept, diagnostic morphological and distributional differences exist between the two entities that merit consideration regarding their taxonomic status. C1 [Fordyce, James A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Forister, Matthew L.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Nice, Chris C.] Texas State Univ, Populat & Conservat Biol Program, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Burns, John M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Shapiro, Arthur M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fordyce, JA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jfordyce@utk.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 794 EP 800 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[794:POGVBT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 328BX UT WOS:000257773600011 ER PT J AU Shin, MS Strauss, MA Oguri, M Inada, N Falco, EE Broadhurst, T Gunn, JE AF Shin, Min-Su Strauss, Michael A. Oguri, Masamune Inada, Naohisa Falco, Emilio E. Broadhurst, Tom Gunn, James E. TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey discovery of a strongly lensed post-starburst galaxy at z=0.766 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : general; gravitational lensing ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LUMINOUS RED GALAXY; GRAVITATIONAL LENSES; DATA RELEASE; DARK-MATTER; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; AUTOMATIC DETECTION; SYSTEMATIC SEARCH; GROUP CONNECTION AB We present the first result of a survey for strong galaxy-galaxy lenses in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images. SDSS J082728.70+223256.4 was selected as a lensing candidate using selection criteria based on the color and positions of objects in the SDSS photometric catalog. Follow-up imaging and spectroscopy showed this object to be a lensing system. The lensing galaxy is elliptical at z = 0.349 in a galaxy cluster. The lensed galaxy has the spectrum of a post-starburst galaxy at z = 0.766. The lensing galaxy has an estimated mass of similar to 1.2 x 10(12)M(circle dot), and the corresponding mass-to-light ratio in the B-band is similar to 26M(circle dot)/L-circle dot inside 1.1 effective radii of the lensing galaxy. Our study shows how catalogs drawn from multi-band surveys can be used to find strong galaxy-galaxy lenses having multiple lens images. Our strong lensing candidate selection based on photometry-only catalogs will be useful in future multi-band imaging surveys such as SNAP and LSST. C1 [Shin, Min-Su; Strauss, Michael A.; Gunn, James E.] Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Oguri, Masamune] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Inada, Naohisa] RIKEN Phys & Chem Res Org, Cosm Radiat Lab, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Falco, Emilio E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Broadhurst, Tom] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Shin, MS (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall,Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Oguri, Masamune/C-6230-2011 NR 80 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/44 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 321FN UT WOS:000257290200003 ER PT J AU Fuentes, CI Holman, MJ AF Fuentes, Cesar I. Holman, Matthew J. TI A Subaru archival search for faint trans-Neptunian objects SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Kuiper Belt; solar system : formation ID KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; DEEP ECLIPTIC SURVEY; SOLAR-SYSTEM; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; IRREGULAR SATELLITES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; STELLAR ENCOUNTERS; SKY SURVEY; TELESCOPE; CENTAURS AB We present the results of a survey for trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) based on Subaru archival images, originally collected by Sheppard et al. in 2005 as part of a search for irregular satellites of Uranus. The survey region covers 2.8 deg(2), centered on Uranus and observed near opposition on two adjacent nights. Our survey reaches half its maximum detection efficiency at R = 25.69 +/- 0.01. The objects detected correspond to 82 TNOs, five Centaurs, and five irregular satellites. We model the cumulative number of TNOs brighter than a given apparent magnitude with both a single power law (SPL) and a double power law (DPL). The best-fit SPL, with one object per square degree at magnitude R-0 = 22.6(-0.4)(+0.3) and a slope of alpha = 0.51(-0.6)(+0.5), is inconsistent with the results of similar searches with shallower limiting magnitudes. The best-fit DPL, with a bright-end slope alpha(1) = 0.7(-0.1)(+0.2) , a faint-end slope alpha(2) = 0.3(-0.2)(+0.2) , a differential number density at R = 23 sigma(23) = 2.0(-0.5)(+0.5) , and a magnitude break in the slope at R-eq = 24.3(-0.1)(+0.8) , is more likely than the SPL by a Bayes factor of similar to 26. This is the first survey with sufficient depth and areal coverage to identify the magnitude at which the break occurs without relying on the results of other surveys. We estimate barycentric distances for the 73 objects that have 24 h arcs; only two have heliocentric distances as large as similar to 50 AU. We combine the distribution of observed distances with the size distribution that corresponds to a DPL luminosity function to set a tight constraint on the existence of a distant TNO population. We can exclude such a population at 60 AU, with 95% confidence, assuming it has the same size distribution and albedo as the observed TNOs, if it exceeds 8% of mass of the observed TNOs. C1 [Fuentes, Cesar I.; Holman, Matthew J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fuentes, CI (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cfuentes@cfa.harvard.edu RI Fuentes, Cesar /G-7506-2016 NR 47 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1 BP 83 EP 97 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/83 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 321FN UT WOS:000257290200007 ER PT J AU Chomiuk, L Strader, J Brodie, JP AF Chomiuk, Laura Strader, Jay Brodie, Jean P. TI The peculiar globular cluster system of the S0 galaxy NGC 7457 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (NGC 7457); galaxies : interactions; galaxies : star clusters; planetary nebulae : general; supernova remnants ID OLD STELLAR POPULATIONS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; LENTICULAR GALAXIES; STAR-CLUSTERS; SAURON PROJECT; PHOTOMETRIC PERFORMANCE; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; KECK SPECTROSCOPY; SYMBIOTIC STARS; LINE KINEMATICS AB We present Hubble Space Telescope photometry and Keck spectroscopy of globular clusters (GCs) in the nearby S0 galaxy NGC 7457. The V - I color-magnitude diagram of GCs lacks the clear bimodality present in most early-type galaxies; there may be a significant population of intermediate-color objects. Of 13 spectroscopically observed GCs, two are unusually metal-rich and feature bright [O III] emission lines. We conclude that one probably hosts a planetary nebula and the other a supernova remnant. Such emission-line objects should be more common in an intermediate-age stellar population than in an old one. We therefore suggest that, in addition to the typical old metal-rich and old metal-poor GC subpopulations, there may be a third subpopulation of an intermediate age. Such a subpopulation may have been formed similar to 2-3 Gyr ago, in the same star-forming event that dominates the stellar population of the center of the galaxy. C1 [Chomiuk, Laura] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Strader, Jay] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brodie, Jean P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Chomiuk, L (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM chomiuk@astro.wisc.edu; jstrader@cfa.harvard.edu; brodie@ucolick.org NR 81 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1 BP 234 EP 249 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/234 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 321FN UT WOS:000257290200017 ER PT J AU Winn, JN Holman, MJ Shporer, A Fernandez, J Mazeh, T Latham, DW Charbonneau, D Everett, ME AF Winn, Joshua N. Holman, Matthew J. Shporer, Avi Fernandez, Jose Mazeh, Tsevi Latham, David W. Charbonneau, David Everett, Mark E. TI The transit light curve project. VIII. Six occultations of the exoplanet TrES-3 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (TrES-3, GSC 0308900929); techniques : photometric ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELS; LIMB-DARKENING LAW; SURFACE GRAVITIES; TAU-BOOTIS; SPECTRA; STARLIGHT AB We present photometry of the exoplanet host star TrES-3 spanning six occultations (secondary eclipses) of its giant planet. No flux decrements were detected, leading to 99%-confidence upper limits on the planet-to-star flux ratio of 2.4 x 10(-4), 5.0 x 10(-4), and 8.6 x 10(-4) in the i-, z-, and R-bands respectively. The corresponding upper limits on the planet's geometric albedo are 0.30, 0.62, and 1.07. The upper limit in the i-band rules out the presence of highly reflective clouds, and is only a factor of 2-3 above the predicted level of thermal radiation from the planet. C1 [Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Holman, Matthew J.; Fernandez, Jose; Latham, David W.; Charbonneau, David] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shporer, Avi; Mazeh, Tsevi] Tel Aviv Univ, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Everett, Mark E.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Winn, JN (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 136 IS 1 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/267 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 321FN UT WOS:000257290200020 ER PT J AU in 't Zand, JJM Bassa, CG Jonker, PG Keek, L Verbunt, F Mendez, M Markwardt, CB AF in 't Zand, J. J. M. Bassa, C. G. Jonker, P. G. Keek, L. Verbunt, F. Mendez, M. Markwardt, C. B. TI An X-ray and optical study of the ultracompact X-ray binary A 1246-58 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-rays : binaries; X-rays : individuals : A 1246-58; accretion, accretion disks; stars : neutron ID ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; XMM-NEWTON; TIMING-EXPLORER; SPECTRAL STATES; NEUTRON-STARS; 4U 1820-30; BEPPOSAX; TELESCOPE; 2S-0918-549 AB Results are discussed of an X-ray and optical observation campaign of the low-mass X-ray binary A 1246-58 performed with instruments on Satellite per Astronomia X ("BeppoSAX"), the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), the X-ray Multi-mirror Mission ("XMM-Newton"), the Swift mission, and the Very Large Telescope. Spectra and flux time histories are studied. The most important results are the lack of hydrogen spectral features in the optical spectrum, supporting the proposition that this is an ultracompact X-ray binary (UCXB), the determination of a 4.3 kpc distance from time-resolved spectroscopy of thermonuclear X-ray bursts, and the detection of intermediately long thermonuclear bursts as seen in a number of other UCXBs. There is evidence for a Ne/O abundance ratio in the line of sight that is higher than solar and variable. This may be due to different changes in the ionization degrees of Ne and O, which may be related to the variable irradiating flux. We discuss the spectral variability and the peculiarities of the long-term light curve. C1 [in 't Zand, J. J. M.; Jonker, P. G.; Keek, L.] SRON, Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [in 't Zand, J. J. M.; Jonker, P. G.; Keek, L.; Verbunt, F.] Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bassa, C. G.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Jonker, P. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mendez, M.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Markwardt, C. B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Markwardt, C. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP in 't Zand, JJM (reprint author), SRON, Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM jeanz@sron.nl RI Mendez, Mariano/C-8011-2012 OI Mendez, Mariano/0000-0003-2187-2708 NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 485 IS 1 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809361 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 312SH UT WOS:000256690600019 ER PT J AU Beltran, MT Wiseman, J Ho, PTP Estalella, R Fuller, GA Wooten, A AF Beltran, M. T. Wiseman, J. Ho, P. T. P. Estalella, R. Fuller, G. A. Wooten, A. TI Dissection of the protostellar envelope surrounding IRAS 05173-0555 in L1634 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : jets and outflows; stars : circumstellar matter; stars : formation; radio lines : ISM ID BRIGHT-RIMMED CLOUDS; HARO ENERGY-SOURCES; STAR-FORMATION; YOUNG STARS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; COLD DUST; OUTFLOW; EVOLUTION; JET; AMMONIA AB Context. The youngest protostars that power energetic outflows are surrounded by infalling and rotating envelopes that contain most of the mass of the system. Aims. We study the properties and kinematics of the protostellar envelope surrounding the embedded source IRAS 05173-0555 in L1634. Methods. We carried out VLA ammonia observations at 1.3 cm with the VLA in the D configuration to map the gas towards the core of L1634. Results. The NH(3) emission towards IRAS 05173-0555 is resolved and shows two components that are clearly distinguishable morphologically: a cross-like structure, roughly elongated in the direction of the HH 240/241 outflow and associated with IRAS 05173-0555, plus an arc-like stream elongated towards the north. The properties and kinematics of the gas suggest that the origin of the cross-like morphology could be the interaction between the outflow and the envelope. A more compact and flattened structure, which could be undergoing rotation about the axis of the outflow, has been detected towards the center of the cross-like envelope. The northern stream, which has properties and velocity that are different from those of the cross-like envelope, is likely part of the original cloud envelope, and could be a quiescent core that may never form stars, or instead be in a prestellar phase. C1 [Beltran, M. T.; Estalella, R.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron Meterol, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain. [Wiseman, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ho, P. T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ho, P. T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Fuller, G. A.] Univ Manchester, Jordell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Wooten, A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Beltran, MT (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron Meterol, Marti Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain. EM mbeltran@am.ub.es OI Beltran Sorolla, Maria Teresa/0000-0003-3315-5626 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 485 IS 2 BP 517 EP 526 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079224 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 315OW UT WOS:000256890300023 ER PT J AU Lacour, S Meimon, S Thiebaut, E Perrin, G Verhoelst, T Pedretti, E Schuller, PA Mugnier, L Monnier, J Berger, JP Haubois, X Poncelet, A Le Besnerais, G Eriksson, K Millan-Gabet, R Ragland, S Lacasse, M Traub, W AF Lacour, S. Meimon, S. Thiebaut, E. Perrin, G. Verhoelst, T. Pedretti, E. Schuller, P. A. Mugnier, L. Monnier, J. Berger, J. P. Haubois, X. Poncelet, A. Le Besnerais, G. Eriksson, K. Millan-Gabet, R. Ragland, S. Lacasse, M. Traub, W. TI The limb-darkened Arcturus: imaging with the IOTA/IONIC interferometer SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE techniques : interferometric; stars : fundamental parameters; infrared : stars; stars : individual : Arcturus ID NEAR-INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY; RADIAL-VELOCITY VARIATIONS; STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELS; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE; OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; ANGULAR DIAMETERS; BEAM-COMBINATION; DOUBLE STAR; K-GIANTS; IOTA AB Aims. We undertook an H band interferometric examination of Arcturus, a star frequently used as a spatial and spectral calibrator. Methods. Using the IOTA 3 telescope interferometer, we performed spectro-interferometric observations (R approximate to 35) of Arcturus. Atmospheric models and prescriptions were fitted to the data to derive the brightness distribution of the photosphere. Image reconstruction was performed using two software algorithms: WISARD and MIRA. Results. An achromatic power law proved to be a good model of the brightness distribution, with a limb darkening compatible with the one derived from atmospheric model simulations using our mARCS model. A Rosseland diameter of 21.05 +/- 0.21 was derived, corresponding to an effective temperature of T-eff = 4295 +/- 26 K. No companion was detected from the closure phases, with an upper limit on the brightness ratio of 8 x 10(-4) at 1 AU. The dynamic range at such distance from the photosphere was established as 1.5 x 10(-4) (1 sigma rms). An upper limit of 1.7 x 10(-3) was also derived for the level of brightness asymmetries present in the photosphere. C1 [Lacour, S.; Perrin, G.; Haubois, X.; Poncelet, A.] Observ Paris, LESIA, CNRS, UMR 8109, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Lacour, S.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Lacour, S.; Berger, J. P.] CNRS, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, UMR 5571, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Meimon, S.; Mugnier, L.; Le Besnerais, G.] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aeronaut, DOTA, F-92322 Chatillon, France. [Thiebaut, E.] Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5574, F-69561 St Genis Laval, France. [Verhoelst, T.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Verhoelst, T.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Pedretti, E.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Schuller, P. A.; Ragland, S.; Lacasse, M.; Traub, W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schuller, P. A.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatial, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Monnier, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Eriksson, K.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Millan-Gabet, R.] CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Traub, W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lacour, S (reprint author), Observ Paris, LESIA, CNRS, UMR 8109, F-92190 Meudon, France. EM sylvestre.lacour@obspm.fr RI Mugnier, Laurent/A-7630-2012; Haubois, Xavier/I-7026-2012; OI Mugnier, Laurent/0000-0002-8364-4957 NR 57 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 485 IS 2 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809611 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 315OW UT WOS:000256890300028 ER PT J AU Ossenkopf, V Krips, M Stutzki, J AF Ossenkopf, V. Krips, M. Stutzki, J. TI Structure analysis of interstellar clouds - II. Applying the Delta-variance method to interstellar turbulence SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; methods : statistical; ISM : clouds; ISM : structure ID SMALL-SCALE STRUCTURE; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; IRAM KEY-PROJECT; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; MASS-SPECTRA; CORE AB Context. The Delta-variance analysis is an efficient tool for measuring the structural scaling behaviour of interstellar turbulence in astronomical maps. It has been applied both to simulations of interstellar turbulence and to observed molecular cloud maps. In Paper I we proposed essential improvements to the Delta-variance analysis and tested them on artificial structures with known characteristics. Aims. In this paper we apply the improved Delta-variance analysis to simulations of interstellar turbulence and observations of molecular clouds. We tested the new capabilities in practical use and studied properties of interstellar turbulence that could not have been addressed before. Methods. We selected three example data sets that profit in particular from the improved Delta-variance method: i) a hydrodynamic turbulence simulation with prominent density and velocity structures; ii) an observed intensity map of rho Oph with irregular boundaries and variable uncertainties of the different data points; and iii) a map of the turbulent velocity structure in the Polaris Flare affected by the intensity dependence on the centroid velocity determination. Results. The tests confirm the extended capabilities of the improved Delta-variance analysis. Prominent spatial scales were accurately identified and artifacts from a variable reliability of the data were removed. The analysis of the hydrodynamic simulations showed that the injection of a turbulent velocity structure creates the most prominent density structures are produced on a scale somewhat below the injection scale. The new analysis of a rho Oph continuum map reveals an intermediate stage in the molecular cloud evolution showing both signatures of the typical molecular cloud scaling behaviour and the formation of condensed cores. When analysing the velocity structure of the Polaris Flare we show that a universal power law connects scales from 0.03 pc to 3 pc. However, a plateau in the Delta-variance spectrum around 5 pc indicates that the visible large-scale velocity gradient is not converted directly into a turbulent cascade here. It is obvious that, for any turbulent structure, effects of low-number statistics become important on the driving scale. C1 [Ossenkopf, V.; Krips, M.; Stutzki, J.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Ossenkopf, V.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Ossenkopf, V.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Krips, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, SMA Project, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ossenkopf, V (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. EM ossk@ph1.uni-koeln.de NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 485 IS 3 BP 719 EP 727 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079107 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 319DL UT WOS:000257144200011 ER PT J AU Bothwell, MS Torres, MAP Garcia, MR Charles, PA AF Bothwell, M. S. Torres, M. A. P. Garcia, M. R. Charles, P. A. TI Spectroscopic observations of the quiescent neutron star system 4U 2129+47 (=V1727 Cygni) SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-rays : binaries; techniques : radial velocities; stars : individual : V1727 Cygni ID BINARY V1727 CYGNI; X-RAY BINARIES; 4U 2129+47; MULTIPLICITY AB Context. In quiescence, the proposed optical counterpart to the neutron star, low mass X-ray binary 4U 2129+47 (V1727 Cyg) shows a spectrum consistent with a late F-type subgiant and no radial velocity variations on the 5.24 h binary period. This could imply that V1727 Cyg is a chance line of sight interloper. Radial velocity measurements, however, showed evidence for a longer term similar to 40 km s(-1) shift, which suggested that 4U 2129+47 could be a hierarchical triple system, with the F-type star in a wide orbit about the inner low mass X-ray binary. Aims. In order to confirm the long-term radial velocity shift reported in Garcia et al. (1989, ApJ, 341, L75) and its amplitude, we obtained spectroscopic observations of V1727 Cyg during 1996 and 1998 with the William Herschel Telescope using the ISIS spectrograph. Methods. We determined radial velocities from the ISIS spectra by means of the cross-correlation technique with a template spectrum. Results. The resulting radial velocities show variations with a maximum amplitude of similar to 40 km s(-1), confirming previous results and supporting the F-type star as being the third body in a hierarchical triple system. The odds that this star could be an interloper are similar to 3 x 10(-6). C1 [Bothwell, M. S.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Bothwell, M. S.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Torres, M. A. P.; Garcia, M. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Charles, P. A.] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa. RP Bothwell, MS (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM bothwell@ast.cam.ac.uk NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 485 IS 3 BP 773 EP 775 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809516 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 319DL UT WOS:000257144200017 ER PT J AU Ossenkopf, V Krips, M Stutzki, J AF Ossenkopf, V. Krips, M. Stutzki, J. TI Structure analysis of interstellar clouds - I. Improving the Delta-variance method SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; methods : statistical; ISM : clouds; ISM : structure ID MOLECULAR CLOUDS; TURBULENCE; REGIONS; CO AB Context. The Delta-variance analysis, introduced as a wavelet-based measure for the statistical scaling of structures in astronomical maps, has proven to be an efficient and accurate method of characterising the power spectrum of interstellar turbulence. It has been applied to observed molecular cloud maps and corresponding simulated maps generated from turbulent cloud models. The implementation presently in use, however, has several shortcomings. It does not take into account the different degree of uncertainty of map values for different points in the map, its computation by convolution in spatial coordinates is very time-consuming, and the selection of the wavelet is somewhat arbitrary and does not provide an exact value for the scales traced. Aims. We propose and test an improved Delta-variance algorithm for two-dimensional data sets, which is applicable to maps with variable error bars and which can be quickly computed in Fourier space. We calibrate the spatial resolution of the Delta-variance spectra. Methods. The new Delta-variance algorithm is based on an appropriate filtering of the data in Fourier space. It uses a supplementary significance function by which each data point is weighted. This allows us to distinguish the influence of variable noise from the actual small-scale structure in the maps and it helps for dealing with the boundary problem in non-periodic and/or irregularly bounded maps. Applying the method to artificial maps with variable noise shows that we can extend the dynamic range for a reliable determination of the spectral index considerably. We try several wavelets and test their spatial sensitivity using artificial maps with well known structure sizes. Performing the convolution in Fourier space provides a major speed-up of the analysis. Results. It turns out that different wavelets show different strengths with respect to detecting characteristic structures and spectral indices, i.e. different aspects of map structures. As a reasonable universal compromise for the optimum Delta-variance filter, we propose the Mexican-hat filter with a ratio between the diameters of the core and the annulus of 1.5. When the main focus lies on measuring the spectral index, the French-hat filter with a diameter ratio of about 2.3 is also suitable. In Paper II we exploit the strength of the new method by applying it to different astronomical data. C1 [Ossenkopf, V.; Krips, M.; Stutzki, J.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Ossenkopf, V.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Ossenkopf, V.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Krips, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, SMA Project, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ossenkopf, V (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. EM ossk@ph1.uni-koeln.de NR 21 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 485 IS 3 BP 917 EP 929 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079106 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 319DL UT WOS:000257144200031 ER PT J AU Raiteri, CM Villata, M Chen, WP Hsiao, WS Kurtanidze, OM Nilsson, K Larionov, VM Gurwell, MA Agudo, I Aller, HD Aller, MF Angelakis, E Arkharov, AA Bach, U Bottcher, M Buemi, CS Calcidese, P Charlot, P D'Ammando, F Donnarumma, I Forne, E Frasca, A Fuhrmann, L Gomez, JL Hagen-Thorn, VA Jorstad, SG Kimeridze, GN Krichbaum, TP Lahteenmaki, A Lanteri, L Latev, G Le Campion, JF Lee, CU Leto, P Lin, HC Marchili, N Marilli, E Marscher, AP Nesci, R Nieppola, E Nikolashvili, MG Ohlert, J Ovcharov, E Principe, D Pursimo, T Ragozzine, B Sadun, AC Sigua, LA Smart, RL Strigachev, A Takalo, LO Tavani, M Thum, C Tornikoski, M Trigilio, C Uckert, K Umana, G Valcheva, A Vercellone, S Volvach, A Wiesemeyer, H AF Raiteri, C. M. Villata, M. Chen, W. P. Hsiao, W. -S. Kurtanidze, O. M. Nilsson, K. Larionov, V. M. Gurwell, M. A. Agudo, I. Aller, H. D. Aller, M. F. Angelakis, E. Arkharov, A. A. Bach, U. Bottcher, M. Buemi, C. S. Calcidese, P. Charlot, P. D'Ammando, F. Donnarumma, I. Forne, E. Frasca, A. Fuhrmann, L. Gomez, J. L. Hagen-Thorn, V. A. Jorstad, S. G. Kimeridze, G. N. Krichbaum, T. P. Lahteenmaki, A. Lanteri, L. Latev, G. Le Campion, J. -F. Lee, C. -U. Leto, P. Lin, H. -C. Marchili, N. Marilli, E. Marscher, A. P. Nesci, R. Nieppola, E. Nikolashvili, M. G. Ohlert, J. Ovcharov, E. Principe, D. Pursimo, T. Ragozzine, B. Sadun, A. C. Sigua, L. A. Smart, R. L. Strigachev, A. Takalo, L. O. Tavani, M. Thum, C. Tornikoski, M. Trigilio, C. Uckert, K. Umana, G. Valcheva, A. Vercellone, S. Volvach, A. Wiesemeyer, H. TI The high activity of 3C 454.3 in autumn 2007 - Monitoring by the WEBT during the AGILE detection SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : quasars : general; galaxies : quasars : individual : 3C 454.3 ID OUTBURST; CAMPAIGN; 3C-454.3; SWIFT; CALIBRATION; TELESCOPE; SEQUENCES; NUCLEI; STARS; PHASE AB Context. The quasar-type blazar 3C 454.3 underwent a phase of high activity in summer and autumn 2007 that was intensively monitored in the radio-to-optical bands by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT). The gamma-ray satellite Astro-rivelatore Gamma a Immagini LEggero (AGILE) detected this source first in late July, and then in November-December 2007. Aims. We present the multifrequency data collected by the WEBT and collaborators during the second AGILE observing period, complemented by contemporaneous data from the UltraViolet and Optical Telescope (UVOT) onboard the Swift satellite. The aim is to trace in detail the behaviour of the synchrotron emission from the blazar jet, and to investigate the contribution from the thermal emission component. Methods. Optical data from about twenty telescopes have been homogeneously calibrated and carefully assembled to construct an R-band light curve containing about 1340 data points over 42 days. This extremely well-sampled optical light curve allows us to follow the dramatic flux variability of the source in detail. In addition, we show radio-to-UV spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at different epochs, which represent different brightness levels. Results. In the considered period, the source varied by 2.6 mag over two weeks in the R band. Many episodes of fast (i.e. intranight) variability were observed, most notably on December 12, when a flux increase of about 1.1 mag in 1.5 h was detected, followed by a steep decrease of about 1.2 mag in 1 h. The contribution by the thermal component is diffcult to assess, due to the uncertainties in the Galactic, and possibly also intrinsic, extinction in the UV band. However, polynomial fitting of radio-to-UV SEDs reveals an increasing spectral bending towards fainter states, suggesting a UV excess likely due to the thermal emission from the accretion disc. Conclusions. Once the AGILE data are completely analysed, the low-frequency observations presented in this letter will offer a powerful tool to investigate optical-gamma flux correlations, i.e. the relationship between the synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission components. C1 [Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; Lanteri, L.; Smart, R. L.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, Turin, Italy. [Chen, W. P.; Hsiao, W. -S.; Lin, H. -C.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Taipei, Taiwan. [Nilsson, K.; Takalo, L. O.] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, Piikkio, Finland. [Larionov, V. M.; Hagen-Thorn, V. A.] St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Larionov, V. M.; Arkharov, A. A.] Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Agudo, I.; Gomez, J. L.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Aller, H. D.; Aller, M. F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Angelakis, E.; Bach, U.; Fuhrmann, L.; Krichbaum, T. P.; Marchili, N.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Bottcher, M.; Principe, D.; Ragozzine, B.; Uckert, K.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Buemi, C. S.; Frasca, A.; Marilli, E.; Trigilio, C.; Umana, G.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, Catania, Italy. [Charlot, P.; Le Campion, J. -F.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Astrophys Lab, CNRS, Floirac, France. [D'Ammando, F.; Donnarumma, I.; Tavani, M.] IASF, INAF, Rome, Italy. [Jorstad, S. G.; Marscher, A. P.] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Lahteenmaki, A.; Nieppola, E.; Tornikoski, M.] Univ Helsinki Technol TKK, Metsahovi Radio Obs, Helsinki, Finland. [Latev, G.; Ovcharov, E.] Univ Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Nesci, R.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, Rome, Italy. [Ohlert, J.] Michael Adrian Observ, Trebur, Germany. [Pursimo, T.] Nord Opt Telescope, Santa Cruz De La Palma, Spain. [Sadun, A. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Strigachev, A.; Valcheva, A.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Astron, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Thum, C.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, Grenoble, France. [Vercellone, S.] IASF, INAF, Milan, Italy. [Wiesemeyer, H.] Inst Radioastron Millimetrica, Granada, Spain. [Gurwell, M. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Raiteri, CM (reprint author), Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, Turin, Italy. EM raiteri@oato.inaf.it; villata@oato.inaf.it RI Larionov, Valeri/H-1349-2013; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Kurtanidze, Omar/J-6237-2014; Agudo, Ivan/G-1701-2015; Jorstad, Svetlana/H-6913-2013; Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir/H-3983-2013; OI Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806; Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Agudo, Ivan/0000-0002-3777-6182; Jorstad, Svetlana/0000-0001-9522-5453; Donnarumma, Immacolata/0000-0002-4700-4549; Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir/0000-0002-6431-8590; Buemi, Carla Simona/0000-0002-7288-4613; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; Vercellone, Stefano/0000-0003-1163-1396; Frasca, Antonio/0000-0002-0474-0896; Raiteri, Claudia Maria/0000-0003-1784-2784; Tavani, Marco/0000-0003-2893-1459; Smart, Richard/0000-0002-4424-4766; Angelakis, Emmanouil/0000-0001-7327-5441 NR 22 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 485 IS 2 BP L17 EP L20 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809995 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 315OW UT WOS:000256890300005 ER PT J AU Malinovsky, AM Voevodkin, AA Lukash, VN Mikheeva, EV Vikhlinin, AA AF Malinovsky, A. M. Voevodkin, A. A. Lukash, V. N. Mikheeva, E. V. Vikhlinin, A. A. TI Cosmological constraints on the neutrino mass from CMB anisotropy and large-scale structure of the Universe SO ASTRONOMY LETTERS-A JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND SPACE ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE theoretical and observational cosmology ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; POWER-SPECTRUM; DARK-MATTER; MODELS AB Using cosmological data on the CMB anisotropy and large-scale structure of the Universe, we have obtained new constraints on the sum of the masses of three generations of active neutrinos: Sigma m (nu) < 1.05 eV (95% confidence level). Data of the third year of the WMAP mission served as the source of CMB anisotropy data. The mass functions of X-ray clusters of galaxies were taken as the data on the large-scale structure of the Universe. The observational properties of the clusters were obtained during the ROSAT mission and the assumption that the baryon fraction is universal in the Universe was used to determine the total cluster mass. C1 [Malinovsky, A. M.; Lukash, V. N.; Mikheeva, E. V.] Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Voevodkin, A. A.; Vikhlinin, A. A.] Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Voevodkin, A. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vikhlinin, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Malinovsky, AM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Profsoyuznaya Ul 84-32, Moscow 117997, Russia. EM amalin@lukash.asc.rssi.ru RI Malinovsky, Alexandr/M-3801-2015; Mikheeva, Elena/M-5285-2015; Lukash, Vladimir/M-5306-2015 OI Malinovsky, Alexandr/0000-0003-4376-8901; NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7737 J9 ASTRON LETT+ JI Astron. Lett.-J. Astron. Space Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 34 IS 7 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1134/S1063773708070025 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 328CT UT WOS:000257775900002 ER PT J AU Peng, EW Jordan, A Cote, P Takamiya, M West, MJ Blakeslee, JP Chen, CW Ferrarese, L Mei, S Tonry, JL West, AA AF Peng, Eric W. Jordan, Andres Cote, Patrick Takamiya, Marianne West, Michael J. Blakeslee, John P. Chen, Chin-Wei Ferrarese, Laura Mei, Simona Tonry, John L. West, Andrew A. TI The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XV. The formation efficiencies of globular clusters in early-type galaxies: The effects of mass and environment SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : halos; galaxies : star clusters; globular clusters : general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; DWARF ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DATA REDUCTION PROCEDURES; NEARBY SPIRAL GALAXIES; TO-LIGHT RATIO; ADVANCED CAMERA; STAR-CLUSTERS; DARK-MATTER; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AB The fraction of stellar mass contained in globular clusters (GCs), also measured by number as the specific frequency, is a fundamental quantity that reflects both a galaxy's early star formation and its entire merging history. We present specific frequencies, luminosities, and mass fractions for the globular cluster systems of 100 early-type galaxies in the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey, the largest homogeneous catalog of its kind. We find the following: ( 1) GC mass fractions can be high in both giants and dwarfs but are universally low in galaxies with intermediate luminosities. ( 2) The behavior of specific frequency across galaxy mass is dominated by the blue GCs. ( 3) GC fractions of low-mass galaxies exhibit a dependence on environment. Nearly all dwarf galaxies with high GC fractions are within 1 Mpc of the cD galaxy M87, presenting the first strong evidence that GC formation in dwarfs is biased toward dense environments. ( 4) GC formation in central dwarfs is biased because their stars form earliest and most intensely. Comparisons to the Millennium Simulation show that central dwarfs have older stellar populations and form more stars at higher star formation rates (SFRs) and SFR surface densities. The SFR surface density in simulated dwarfs peaks before the total SFR, naturally producing GC populations that are older and more metal-poor than the field stars. ( 5) Dwarfs within similar to 40 kpc of the giant ellipticals M87 and M49 are red and have few or no GCs, suggesting that they have been tidally stripped and have contributed their GCs to the halos of their giant neighbors. The central dwarfs with high GC mass fractions are thus likely to be the survivors most similar to the protogalaxies that assembled the rich M87 globular cluster system. C1 [Peng, Eric W.; Cote, Patrick; Blakeslee, John P.; Ferrarese, Laura] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Jordan, Andres] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Takamiya, Marianne] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [West, Michael J.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. [Chen, Chin-Wei] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Mei, Simona] Observ Paris, GEPI, Sect Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Tonry, John L.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [West, Andrew A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Peng, EW (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. EM eric.peng@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; OI Jordan, Andres/0000-0002-5389-3944; Blakeslee, John/0000-0002-5213-3548 NR 150 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 1 BP 197 EP 224 DI 10.1086/587951 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 321FM UT WOS:000257290100017 ER PT J AU Hughes, AM Wilner, DJ Kamp, I Hogerheijde, MR AF Hughes, A. M. Wilner, D. J. Kamp, I. Hogerheijde, M. R. TI A resolved molecular gas disk around the nearby a star 49 Ceti SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; circumstellar matter; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : individual (49 Ceti) ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; PICTORIS MOVING GROUP; VEGA-LIKE STARS; BETA-PICTORIS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; DEBRIS DISKS; YOUNG STARS; CO EMISSION; HD 141569A AB The A star 49 Ceti, at a distance of 61 pc, is unusual in retaining a substantial quantity of molecular gas while exhibiting dust properties similar to those of a debris disk. We present resolved observations of the disk around 49 Ceti from the Submillimeter Array in the J = 2-1 rotational transition of CO with a resolution of 1.0 '' x 1.2 ''. The observed emission reveals an extended rotating structure viewed approximately edge-on and clear of detectable CO emission out to a distance of similar to 90 AU from the star. No 1.3 mm continuum emission is detected at a 3 sigma sensitivity of 2.1 mJy beam(-1). Models of disk structure and chemistry indicate that the inner disk is devoid of molecular gas, while the outer gas disk between 40 and 200 AU from the star is dominated by photochemistry from stellar and interstellar radiation. We determine parameters for a model that reproduces the basic features of the spatially resolved CO J = 2-1 emission, the spectral energy distribution, and the unresolved CO J = 3-2 spectrum. We investigate variations in disk chemistry and observable properties for a range of structural parameters. The star 49 Ceti appears to be a rare example of a system in a late stage of transition between a gas-rich protoplanetary disk and a tenuous, virtually gas-free debris disk. C1 [Hughes, A. M.; Wilner, D. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kamp, I.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Hogerheijde, M. R.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Hughes, AM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 41 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 1 BP 626 EP 635 DI 10.1086/588520 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 321FM UT WOS:000257290100053 ER PT J AU Irwin, J Charbonneau, D Nutzman, P Welsh, WF Rajan, A Hidas, M Brown, TM Lister, TA Davies, D Laughlin, G Langton, J AF Irwin, Jonathan Charbonneau, David Nutzman, Philip Welsh, William F. Rajan, Abhijith Hidas, Marton Brown, Timothy M. Lister, Timothy A. Davies, Donald Laughlin, Gregory Langton, Jonathan TI Parameters and predictions for the long-period transiting planet HD 17156b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (HD 17156); techniques : photometric ID STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELS; LIMB-DARKENING LAW; EXTRASOLAR PLANET; ECCENTRIC ORBIT; GIANT PLANETS; HOT JUPITERS; SURFACE GRAVITIES; TIDAL EVOLUTION; MONITOR PROJECT; MASSIVE PLANET AB We report high-cadence time series photometry of the recently discovered transiting exoplanet system HD 17156, spanning the time of transit on UT 2007 October 1, from three separate observatories. We present a joint analysis of our photometry, previously published radial velocity measurements, and times of transit center for three additional events. Adopting the spectroscopically determined values and uncertainties for the stellar mass and radius, we estimate a planet radius of R-p 1.01 +/- 0.09 R-Jup and an inclination of i = 86.5(-0.7)(+1.1) deg. We find a time of transit center of T-c 2,454, 374.8338 +/- 0.0020 HJD and an orbital period of P = 21.21691 +/- 0.00071 days and note that the four transits reported to date show no sign of timing variations that would indicate the presence of a third body in the system. Our results do not preclude the existence of a secondary eclipse, but imply that there is only a 9.2% chance for this to be present and an even lower probability (6.9%) that the secondary eclipse would be a nongrazing event. Due to its eccentric orbit and long period, HD 17156b is a fascinating object for the study of the dynamics of exoplanet atmospheres. To aid such future studies, we present theoretical light curves for the variable infrared emission from the visible hemisphere of the planet throughout its orbit. C1 [Irwin, Jonathan; Charbonneau, David; Nutzman, Philip] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Welsh, William F.; Rajan, Abhijith] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hidas, Marton; Brown, Timothy M.; Lister, Timothy A.] Las Cumbres Observ, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Laughlin, Gregory; Langton, Jonathan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Irwin, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jirwin@cfa.harvard.edu OI Hidas, Marton/0000-0002-4027-9240; Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 1 BP 636 EP 643 DI 10.1086/588461 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 321FM UT WOS:000257290100054 ER PT J AU Seymour, N Ogle, P De Breuck, C Fazio, GG Galametz, A Haas, M Lacy, M Sajina, A Stern, D Willner, SP Vernet, J AF Seymour, N. Ogle, P. De Breuck, C. Fazio, G. G. Galametz, A. Haas, M. Lacy, M. Sajina, A. Stern, D. Willner, S. P. Vernet, J. TI Mid-infrared spectra of high-redshift (z > 2) radio galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : individual (4C+23.56, 4C+72.26) ID INFRARED LUMINOUS GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; HOST GALAXIES; DUST; QUASARS; Z-SIMILAR-TO-2; SPECTROSCOPY; POPULATION; FEATURES; AGN AB We present the first mid-infrared Spitzer/Infrared Spectrograph (IRS)observations of powerful radio galaxies at z > 2. These radio galaxies, 4C + 23.56 (z = 2.48) and 6C J1908 + 7220 (z = 3.53), both show strong mid- infrared continua, but with 6C J1908 + 7220 also showing strong PAH emission at rest-frame 6.2 and 7.7 mm. In 4C + 23.56 we see no obvious PAH features above the continuum. The PAH emission in 6C J1908 + 7220 is the among the most distant observed to date and implies that there is a large instantaneous star formation rate (SFR). This is consistent with the strong detection of 6C J1908 + 7220 at far-IR and sub-mm wavelengths, indicative of large amounts of cold dust, similar to 10(9) M(circle dot). Powerful radio galaxies at lower redshifts tend to have weak or M, undetectable PAH features and typically have lower far-IR luminosities. In addition, 4C + 23.56 shows moderate silicate absorption as seen in less luminous radio galaxies, indicating tau(9.7 mu m) = 0.3 +/- 0.05. This feature is shifted out of the observed wavelength range for 6C J1908 + 7220. The correlation of strong PAH features with large amounts of cold dust, despite the presence of a powerful AGN, is in agreement with other recent results and implies that star formation at high redshift is, in some cases at least, associated with powerful, obscured AGN. C1 [Seymour, N.; Ogle, P.; Lacy, M.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [De Breuck, C.; Galametz, A.; Vernet, J.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Fazio, G. G.; Willner, S. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Galametz, A.; Stern, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Haas, M.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Sajina, A.] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Marian E Koshland Integrated Nat Sci Ctr, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. RP Seymour, N (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seymour@ipac.caltech.edu OI Vernet, Joel/0000-0002-8639-8560; Seymour, Nicholas/0000-0003-3506-5536; De Breuck, Carlos/0000-0002-6637-3315 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 1 BP L1 EP L4 DI 10.1086/590081 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326LO UT WOS:000257660800001 ER PT J AU Voit, GM Cavagnolo, KW Donahue, M Rafferty, DA McNamara, BR Nulsen, PEJ AF Voit, G. M. Cavagnolo, K. W. Donahue, M. Rafferty, D. A. McNamara, B. R. Nulsen, P. E. J. TI Conduction and the star formation threshold in brightest cluster galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cooling flows; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY; THERMAL CONDUCTION; COOLING FLOWS; SPECTROSCOPY; FILAMENTS; EMISSION; CORES; GAS AB Current models of galaxy evolution suggest that feedback from active galactic nuclei is needed to explain the high-luminosity cutoff in the galaxy luminosity function. Exactly how an AGN outflow couples with the ambient medium and suppresses star formation remains poorly understood. However, we have recently uncovered an important clue to how that coupling might work. Observations of Ha emission and blue light from the universe's most luminous galaxies, which occupy the centers of galaxy clusters, show that star formation happens only if the minimum specific entropy of the intracluster gas is less than or similar to 30 keV cm(2). Here we suggest that this threshold for star formation is set by the physics of electron thermal conduction, implying that conduction is critical for channeling AGN energy input toward incipient star-forming regions and limiting the progress of star formation. C1 [Voit, G. M.; Cavagnolo, K. W.; Donahue, M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Rafferty, D. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [McNamara, B. R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [McNamara, B. R.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Nulsen, P. E. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 01238 USA. RP Voit, GM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM voit@pa.msu.edu; cavagnolo@pamsu.edu; donahue@pa.msu.edu; rafferty@astro.psu.edu RI Donahue, Megan/B-5361-2012; OI Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493; Voit, Gerard/0000-0002-3514-0383 NR 25 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 681 IS 1 BP L5 EP L8 DI 10.1086/590344 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326LO UT WOS:000257660800002 ER PT J AU Liu, JF AF Liu, Ji-Feng TI No periodicity revealed for an "eclipsing'' ultraluminous supersoft X-ray source in M81 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M81); X-rays : binaries ID MASS BLACK-HOLES; LIGHT-CURVE; SPACED DATA; DISCOVERY; CHANDRA; APPROXIMATION; OUTBURST; BINARY; STATES; M101 AB Luminous supersoft X-ray sources found in the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds are likely white dwarfs that steadily or cyclically burn accreted matter on their surface, which are promising Type Ia supernova progenitors. Observations of distant galaxies with Chandra and XMM-Newton have revealed supersoft sources that are generally hotter and more luminous, including some ultraluminous supersoft sources (ULSs) that are possibly intermediate-mass black holes of a few thousand solar masses. In this paper we report our X-ray spectral and timing analysis for M81-ULS 1, a ULS in the nearby spiral galaxy M81. M81-ULS 1 has been persistently supersoft in 17 Chandra ACIS observations spanning 6 years, and its spectrum can be described by either a kT(bb) approximate to 70 eV blackbody for a similar to 1.2 M-circle dot white dwarf, or a kT(in) approximate to 80 eV multicolor accretion disk for a greater than or similar to 10(3) M-circle dot intermediate-mass black hole. In two observations, the light curves exhibited dramatic flux drop/rise on timescales of 10(3) s, reminiscent of eclipse ingress/egress in eclipsing X-ray binaries. However, the exhaustive search for periodicity in the reasonable range of 50 ks to 50 days failed to reveal an orbital period. The failure to reveal any periodicity is consistent with the long period (>= 30 yr) predicted for this system given the optical identification of the secondary with an asymptotic giant star. In addition, the eclipse-like dramatic flux changes in hours are hard to explain under the white dwarf model, but can in principle be explained by disk temperature changes induced by accretion rate variations under the intermediatemass black hole model. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Liu, JF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 177 IS 1 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1086/587551 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326PV UT WOS:000257672300008 ER PT J AU Galache, JL Corbet, RHD Coe, MJ Laycock, S Schurch, MPE Markwardt, C Marshall, FE Lochner, J AF Galache, J. L. Corbet, R. H. D. Coe, M. J. Laycock, S. Schurch, M. P. E. Markwardt, C. Marshall, F. E. Lochner, J. TI A long look at the Be/X-ray binaries of the Small Magellanic Cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE galaxies : individual (Small Magellanic Cloud); pulsars : general; X-rays : binaries ID PROPORTIONAL COUNTER ARRAY; TRANSIENT RX J0117.6-7330; X-RAY; TIMING-EXPLORER; MULTIPERIODIC VARIABILITY; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; ORBITAL PERIOD; TIME-SERIES; SPACED DATA; XMM-NEWTON AB We have monitored 41 Be/X-ray binary systems in the Small Magellanic Cloud over similar to 9 yr using PCA RXTE data from a weekly survey program. The resulting light curves were analyzed in search of orbital modulations with the result that 10 known orbital ephemerides were confirmed and refined, while 10 new ones where determined. A large number of X-ray orbital profiles are presented for the first time, showing similar characteristics over a wide range of orbital periods. Lastly, three pulsars, SXP 46.4, SXP 89.0, and SXP 165, were found to be misidentifications of SXP 46.6, SXP 91.1, and SXP 169, respectively. C1 [Galache, J. L.; Laycock, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Corbet, R. H. D.; Markwardt, C.; Marshall, F. E.; Lochner, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Coe, M. J.; Schurch, M. P. E.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Galache, JL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 107 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 177 IS 1 BP 189 EP 215 DI 10.1086/587743 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326PV UT WOS:000257672300009 ER PT J AU Peluc, SI Sillett, TS Rotenberry, JT Ghalambor, CK AF Peluc, Susana I. Sillett, T. Scott Rotenberry, John T. Ghalambor, Cameron K. TI Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in an island songbird exposed to a novel predation risk SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive phenotypic plasticity; nest site selection; parental care; predation risk ID NEST-SITE SELECTION; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENT; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; FOREST BIRDS; CLUTCH-SIZE; FRAGMENTATION; HYPOTHESIS; SUCCESS; RATTLESNAKES AB Avian nest site selection and levels of parental care require assessments of numerous fitness costs and benefits. Nest site selection in open cup-nesting species is considered a relatively conservative trait; most species and genera are confined to nesting within particular vegetation strata. The nesting stratum further determines risk to nest predation, the principal cause of reproductive failure. We document predator-induced plasticity in nest site placement and levels of parental care in orange-crowned warblers (Vermivora celata) on an island lacking avian nest predators. We show a shift from ground nesting, characteristic of mainland populations, to off-ground nesting that appears adaptive relative to higher predation levels of ground nests. By altering the perceived nest predation risk via experimental introduction of a model avian predator prior to nest building, we demonstrate that warblers shift nest sites to more concealed ground locations. Moreover, warblers differentially adjust nest visits to feed nestlings in the presence of the predator: reducing feeding more at less concealed off-ground nests than at more concealed ground ones. Both shifts in nest site placement and feeding rate adjustments suggest adaptive phenotypic plasticity in response to increased perceived predation risk, providing evidence that birds continuously assess variation in the fitness costs and benefits of their behavioral decisions. C1 [Peluc, Susana I.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Sillett, T. Scott] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Rotenberry, John T.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Ghalambor, Cameron K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ghalambor, Cameron K.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Peluc, SI (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM susana.peluc@ndsu.edu NR 54 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 49 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 19 IS 4 BP 830 EP 835 DI 10.1093/beheco/arn033 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 328GP UT WOS:000257786700019 ER PT J AU Philpott, SM Bichier, P Rice, RA Greenberg, R AF Philpott, Stacy M. Bichier, Peter Rice, Robert A. Greenberg, Russell TI Biodiversity conservation, yield, and alternative products in coffee agroecosystems in Sumatra, Indonesia SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE alternative products; ants; birds; coffee agroecosystem; Indonesia; revenue; species similarity; trees ID SHADE COFFEE; SPECIES RICHNESS; CERTIFICATION; ABUNDANCE; CHIAPAS; MEXICO; AGROFORESTS; DIVERSITY; ANTS AB Agroecology and conservation must overlap to protect biodiversity and farmer livelihoods. Coffee agroecosystems with complex shade canopies protect biodiversity. Yet, few have examined biodiversity in coffee agroecosystems in Asia relative to the Americas and many question whether coffee agroecosystems can play a similar role for conservation. We examined vegetation, ant and bird diversity, coffee yields and revenues, and harvest of alternative products in coffee farms and forests in SW Sumatra, Indonesia near Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBS). BBS is among the last habitats for large mammals in Sumatra and > 15,000 families illegally cultivate coffee inside of BBS. As a basis for informing management recommendations, we compared the conservation potential and economic outputs from farms inside and outside of BBS. Forests had higher canopy cover, canopy depth, tree height, epiphyte loads, and more emergent trees than coffee farms. Coffee farms inside BBS had more epiphytes and trees and fewer coffee plants than farms outside BBS. Tree, ant, and bird richness was significantly greater in forests than in coffee farms, and richness did not differ in coffee farms inside and outside of BBS. Species similarity of forest and coffee trees, ants, and birds was generally low (< 50%). Surprisingly, farms inside the park were significantly older, but farm size, coffee yields, and revenues from coffee did not depend on farm location. Farmers outside BBS received higher prices for their coffee and also more often produced other crops in their coffee fields such that incentives could be created to draw illegal farmers out of the park. We also discuss these results with reference to similar work in Chiapas, Mexico to compare the relative contribution of coffee fields to conservation in the two continents, and discuss implications for working with farmers in Sumatra towards conservation plans incorporating sustainable coffee production. C1 [Philpott, Stacy M.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Philpott, Stacy M.; Bichier, Peter; Rice, Robert A.; Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Philpott, SM (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM stacy.philpott@utoledo.edu RI Philpott, Stacy/F-2330-2011 NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1805 EP 1820 DI 10.1007/s10531-007-9267-2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 322IB UT WOS:000257367300002 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. TI Theory meets reality: How habitat fragmentation research has transcended island biogeographic theory SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE area effects; edge effects; extinction; fragmentation; island biogeography theory; matrix effects; species turnover ID AMAZONIAN FOREST FRAGMENTS; SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; AUSTRALIAN WHEAT-BELT; ATLANTIC FOREST; NATURE-RESERVES; EXTINCTION PRONENESS; EQUILIBRIUM-THEORY; TURNOVER RATES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS AB Island biogeography theory (IBT) provides a basic conceptual model for understanding habitat fragmentation. Empirical studies of fragmented landscapes often reveal strong effects of fragment area and isolation on species richness, although other predictions of the theory, such as accelerated species turnover in fragments, have been tested less frequently. As predicted by IBT, biota in fragments typically 'relax' over time towards lower species richness. Beyond these broad generalizations, however, the relevance of IBT for understanding fragmented ecosystems is limited. First, IBT provides few predictions about how community composition in fragments should change over time, and which species should be most vulnerable. Second, edge effects can be an important driver of local species extinctions and ecosystem change, but are not considered by IBT. Third, the matrix of modified vegetation surrounding fragments-also ignored by IBT-can strongly influence fragment connectivity, which in turn affects the demography, genetics, and survival of local populations. Fourth, most fragmented landscapes are also altered by other anthropogenic changes, such as hunting, logging, fires, and pollution, which can interact synergistically with habitat fragmentation. Finally, fragmentation often has diverse impacts on ecosystem properties such as canopy-gap dynamics, carbon storage, and the trophic structure of communities that are not considered by IBT. I highlight these phenomena with findings from fragmented ecosystems around the world. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Laurance, William F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Laurance, William F.] Natl Inst Amazonian Res, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 206 TC 201 Z9 210 U1 27 U2 280 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 141 IS 7 BP 1731 EP 1744 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.05.011 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 335QY UT WOS:000258306300001 ER PT J AU Mejia, LC Rojas, EI Maynard, Z Van Bael, S Arnold, AE Hebbar, P Samuels, GJ Robbins, N Herre, EA AF Mejia, Luis C. Rojas, Enith I. Maynard, Zuleyka Van Bael, Sunshine Arnold, A. Elizabeth Hebbar, Prakash Samuels, Gary J. Robbins, Nancy Herre, Edward Allen TI Endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents of Theobroma cacao pathogens SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; endophytic fungi; Theobroma cacao; Moniliophthora; Phytophthora; Crimpellis; Colletotrichum; Clonostachys; Botryosphaeria ID COCOA POD DISEASES; TALL FESCUE; EVOLUTION; HOST; CLONOSTACHYS; INFESTATION; GRASS AB Fungal endophytes isolated from healthy Theobroma cacao tissues were screened in vitro for antagonism against major pathogens of cacao. Of tested endophytic morphospecies, 40% (21/52), 65% (28/43) and 27% percent (4/15) showed in vitro antagonism against Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot), Phytophthora palmivora (black pod rot) and Moniliophthora perniciosa (witches broom), respectively. The most common antagonistic mechanism was simple competition for substrate. Nonetheless, 13%, 21%, and 0% of tested morphospecies showed clear antibiosis against M. roreri, P. palmivora, and M. perniciosa, respectively. One isolate of Trichoderma was observed to be parasitic on M. roreri. Endophyte species that were common in the host plants under natural conditions often are good colonizers and grow fast in vitro whereas antibiosis producers usually appear to be relatively rare in nature, tend to grow slowly in vitro, and often are not good colonizers. We suggest that there is an inherent general trade-off between fast growth (high colonization) and production of chemicals that produce antibiosis reactions. Finally, field trials assessing the effects of three endophytic fungi (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Clonostachys rosea and Botryosphaeria ribis) on pod loss due to M. roreri and Phytophthora spp. were conducted at four farms in Panama. Although the overall incidence of black pod rot was very low during the tests, treatment with C gloeosporioides significantly decreased pod loss due to that disease. We observed no decrease in pod loss due to frosty pod rot, but treatment with C rosea reduced the incidence of cacao pods with sporulating lesions of M. roreri by 10%. The observed reduction in pod loss due to Phytophthora spp., and sporulation by M. roreri, supports the potential of fungal endophytes as biological control agents. Further, these studies suggest that combined information from field censuses of endophytic fungi, in vitro studies, and greenhouse experiments can provide useful a priori criteria for identifying desirable attributes for potential biocontrol agents. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mejia, Luis C.; Rojas, Enith I.; Maynard, Zuleyka; Van Bael, Sunshine; Robbins, Nancy; Herre, Edward Allen] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Mejia, Luis C.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Arnold, A. Elizabeth] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hebbar, Prakash] USDA ARS, Mars Inc, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Samuels, Gary J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Herre, EA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM herrea@si.edu NR 49 TC 97 Z9 112 U1 6 U2 81 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 4 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.01.012 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 317GN UT WOS:000257008100002 ER PT J AU Toth, E Duffy, JE AF Toth, Eva Duffy, J. Emmett TI Influence of sociality on allometric growth and morphological differentiation in sponge-dwelling alpheid shrimp SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE allometry; caste; colony defence; eusociality; social evolution; subcaste; Synalpheus; Zuzalpheus ID SNAPPING SHRIMP; ANT COLONIES; EUSOCIALITY; SYNALPHEUS; SIZE; SELECTION; DECAPODA; BELIZE; REEF; HETEROCHAELIS AB Eusocial societies are defined by a reproductive division of labour between breeders and nonbreeders that is often accompanied by morphological differentiation. Some eusocial taxa are further characterized by a subdivision of tasks among nonbreeders, often resulting in morphological differentiation among different groups (subcastes) that specialize on different sets of tasks. We investigated the possibility of morphological castes in eusocial shrimp colonies (Zuzalpheus, formerly part of Synalpheus) by comparing growth allometry and body proportions of three eusocial shrimp species with three pair-forming species (species where reproductive females and males occur in equal sex ratios). Allometry of eusocial species differed in several respects from that of pair-forming species in both lineages. First, allometry of fighting claw size among individuals other than female breeders was steeper in eusocial than in pair-forming species. Second, breeding females in eusocial colonies had proportionally smaller weapons (fighting claws) than females in pair-forming species. Finally, claw allometry changed with increasing colony size in eusocial species; large colonies showed a diphasic allometry of fighting claw and finger size, indicating a distinctive group of large individuals possessing relatively larger weapons than other colony members. Shrimp are thus similar to other eusocial animals in the morphological differentiation between breeders and nonbreeders, and in the indication that some larger nonbreeders might contribute more to defence than others. (C) 2008 The Linnean Society of London. C1 [Toth, Eva] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Toth, Eva; Duffy, J. Emmett] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Toth, Eva; Duffy, J. Emmett] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Toth, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM evatoth2004@yahoo.com NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4066 EI 1095-8312 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 94 IS 3 BP 527 EP 540 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01013.x PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 314WW UT WOS:000256840900008 ER PT J AU Kress, WJ Erickson, DL AF Kress, W. John Erickson, David L. TI DNA barcoding - a windfall for tropical biology ? SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID FLOWERING PLANTS; LAND PLANTS; IDENTIFY; COMMUNITY; RATES; DIET C1 [Kress, W. John; Erickson, David L.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kress, WJ (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, MRC-166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM kressj@si.edu NR 32 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JUL PY 2008 VL 40 IS 4 BP 405 EP 408 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00426.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 327GL UT WOS:000257717500002 ER PT J AU Paine, CET Harms, KE Schnitzer, SA Carson, WP AF Paine, C. E. Timothy Harms, Kyle E. Schnitzer, Stefan A. Carson, Walter P. TI Weak competition among tropical tree seedlings: Implications for species coexistence SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Brosimum alicastrum; competitive irrelevance; maintenance of biodiversity; Matisia cordata; resource competition; Panama; Peru; Pouteria reticulata; zone of influence ID BELOW-GROUND COMPETITION; NEOTROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; SEED SIZE; PLANT; DIVERSITY; GAPS; COMMUNITIES; RECRUITMENT; LIGHT AB The intensity of competition among forest tree seedlings is poorly understood, but has important ramifications for their recruitment and for the maintenance of species diversity. Intense competition among seedlings could allow competitively dominant species to exclude subordinate species. Alternatively, the low density and small stature of forest tree seedlings could preclude intense interseedling competition. In this case, other processes, such as size-asymmetric competition with adults, interactions with consumers, or neutral dynamics would prevail as those structuring the forest understory. We tested the intensity of, and potential for, intraspecific competition among tree seedlings of three species (Brosimum alicastrum, Matisia cordata, and Pouteria reticulata) in two Neotropical rain forests. We reduced stem densities by up to 90 percent and monitored individual growth and survival rates for up to 24 mo. Individual growth and survival rates were generally unrelated to stem density. Contrary to the predicted behavior of intensely competing plant populations, the distribution of individual heights did not become more left-skewed with time for any species, regardless of plot density; i.e., excesses of short, suppressed individuals did not accumulate in high-density plots. We further measured the overlap of zones of influence (ZOIs) to assess the potential for resource competition. Seedling ZOIs overlapped only slightly in extremely dense monodominant plots, and even less in ambient-density plots of mixed composition. Our results thus suggest that interseedling competition was weak. Given the low density of tree seedlings in Neotropical forests, we infer that resource competition among seedlings may be irrelevant to their recruitment. C1 [Paine, C. E. Timothy; Harms, Kyle E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Harms, Kyle E.; Schnitzer, Stefan A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Schnitzer, Stefan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Carson, Walter P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Paine, CET (reprint author), ENGREF, UMR EcoFoG, Campus Argon,BP 709, Kourou 97379, French Guiana. EM cetpaine@gmail.com RI Paine, C. E. Timothy/G-9961-2011; Carson, Walter/A-2569-2013; OI Schnitzer, Stefan/0000-0002-2715-9455 NR 49 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JUL PY 2008 VL 40 IS 4 BP 432 EP 440 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00390.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 327GL UT WOS:000257717500006 ER EF