FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Comita, LS Goldsmith, GR Hubbell, SP AF Comita, Liza S. Goldsmith, Gregory R. Hubbell, Stephen P. TI Intensive research activity alters short-term seedling dynamics in a tropical forest SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Disturbance; Forest dynamics plot; Long-term ecological research; Research impact; Trampling ID RAIN-FOREST; LONG-TERM; TREE MORTALITY; VEGETATION; IMPACTS; PLANTS; PLOT AB Researchers can have unintentional, yet significant effects on their study systems. We tested for the effects of an intensive tree census on seedling dynamics in a 50-ha permanent forest plot on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. At the community level, and for different shade-tolerance guilds, we found no significant differences in seedling recruitment or survival inside compared to controls outside the plot. However, among growth forms, canopy trees and lianas exhibited significantly lower seedling survival inside the plot. Results suggest that intense researcher activity impacts short-term vegetation dynamics, but effects do not accumulate over time. C1 [Comita, Liza S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Goldsmith, Gregory R.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Biol, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Comita, Liza S.; Hubbell, Stephen P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hubbell, Stephen P.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, Balbao 34002, Panama. RP Comita, LS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, 10th Floor,Schermerhorn Extension,MC 5557,1200 Am, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM lsc2125@columbia.edu RI Goldsmith, Gregory/A-4337-2009; OI Comita, Liza/0000-0002-9169-1331 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [0075102]; Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU); NSF; University of Georgia FX We thank Leslie More field, Salomon Aguilar, Blexein Contreras, and the BCI plot crew for assisting with the seedling censuses. Valuable comments were provided by Sarah Batterman and Adam Roddy. Funding for this research was provided by a U.S. National Science Foundation grant (award number 0075102) and Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) supplemental grant. L. Comita acknowledges the support of an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and a University of Georgia Presidential Fellowship. Logistical support was provided by the University of Georgia, the Center for Tropical Forest Science and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s11284-008-0490-4 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 387MK UT WOS:000261956100024 ER PT J AU Zotz, G AF Zotz, Gerhard TI GROWTH IN THE XEROPHYTIC EPIPHYTE TILLANDSIA FLEXUOSA SW. (BROMELIACEAE) SO ECOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE luxury consumption; pastures; plant growth; RGR; tropical dry forest ID VASCULAR EPIPHYTES; DRY FOREST; MINERAL-NUTRITION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; COMPONENTS; BIOMASS; ECOLOGY; FLORA AB Vegetative growth of the xerophytic epiphyte Tillandsia flexuosa was studied both in situ and under controlled conditions in a growth chamber. Realized growth rates tinder natural conditions in the dry Peninsula de Azuero (Panama) were similar to those of previously studied epiphytes from wetter habitats. Near-optimal ex situ conditions stimulated growth only in smaller individuals. Field-collected plants were initially not nutrient starved, which can be deduced from the lack of a growth response to fertilization in contrast to a substantial irrigation effect. After several months, both increased water anti nutrient availability had a strong effect on growth. A likely explanation for this finding is luxury Consumption of nutrients. C1 [Zotz, Gerhard] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. [Zotz, Gerhard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Zotz, G (reprint author), Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, POB 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. EM gerhard.zotz@uni-oldenburg.de FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama; Panamanian authorities (ANAM) FX Funding from the Terrestrial-Environmental Sciences Program of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama allowed the field trips to that country. Thanks to S.J. Wright (STRI, Panama) for continuing support, and Juan Carlos DiTrani (Panama) for assistance in the Field, as well as to Andreas Fokken, Dorothea Badge, and Brigitte Rieger (all Oldenburg) for assistance in the laboratory. The permission to study Tillandsia flexuosa in Azuero and to export plants for experimental studies in Germany granted by the Panamanian authorities (ANAM) is also acknowledged. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC TROPICAL ECOLOGY, GTOE, ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH INST & MUSE PI BONN PA ADENAUERALLE 160, BONN, 00000, GERMANY SN 0949-3026 J9 ECOTROPICA JI Ecotropica PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 531OB UT WOS:000272676100002 ER PT J AU Rivadavia, F Vicentini, A Fleischmann, A AF Rivadavia, Fernando Vicentini, Alberto Fleischmann, Andreas TI A NEW SPECIES OF SUNDEW (DROSERA, DROSERACEAE), WITH WATER-DISPERSED SEED, FROM THE FLOODPLAINS OF THE NORTHERN AMAZON BASIN, BRAZIL SO ECOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Brazil; Amazon; new species; sundews; Droseraceae; Drosera; hydrochory; flower scent AB Drosera amazonica Rivadavia, A. Fleischm. & Vicent. (Droseraceae) is described from the northern Amazon Basin in northeastern Amazonas State and central Roraima State, Brazil. The morphological characteristics which distinguish this new species are discussed, together with its distribution and ecology. Hydrochory is assumed for this new species, which would be the first record in the genus Drosera. C1 [Rivadavia, Fernando] Daniel Burnham Ct, San Francisco, CA 94109 USA. [Vicentini, Alberto] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Panama City, Panama. [Fleischmann, Andreas] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, D-80638 Munich, Germany. RP Rivadavia, F (reprint author), Daniel Burnham Ct, San Francisco, CA 94109 USA. EM fleischmann@lrz.uni-muenchen.de RI Vicentini, Alberto/F-7479-2012 OI Vicentini, Alberto/0000-0002-5906-9358 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC TROPICAL ECOLOGY, GTOE, ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH INST & MUSE PI BONN PA ADENAUERALLE 160, BONN, 00000, GERMANY SN 0949-3026 J9 ECOTROPICA JI Ecotropica PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 531OB UT WOS:000272676100003 ER PT J AU Mendes, P Vieira, TB Oprea, M Ditchfield, AD AF Mendes, Poliana Vieira, Thiago Bernardi Oprea, Monik Ditchfield, Albert David TI LONG-DISTANCE MOVEMENT OF ARTIBEUS LITURATUS (CHIROPTERA: PHYLLOSTOMIDAE) IN THE STATE OF ESPIRITO SANTO, BRAZIL SO ECOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Atlantic forest; bats; fragmentation; movement; recapture; seed dispersal ID FRUIT-EATING BAT; FOREST FRAGMENTS; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; TROPICAL FOREST; SMALL MAMMALS; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; ROOSTS C1 [Mendes, Poliana; Vieira, Thiago Bernardi; Oprea, Monik] Univ Fed Goias, Programa Posgrad Ecol & Evolucao, Inst Ciencias Biol, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Oprea, Monik] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 108, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Ditchfield, Albert David] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Lab Estudos Quiropteros, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-29040090 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. RP Mendes, P (reprint author), Univ Fed Goias, Programa Posgrad Ecol & Evolucao, Inst Ciencias Biol, Bloco ICB 4,Campus 2 UFG, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. EM polimendes@gmail.com RI Oprea, Monik/E-6204-2010; Vieira, Thiago/P-5233-2015 OI Vieira, Thiago/0000-0003-1762-8294 FU UFES/PETROBRAS FX We thank Silvia Ramira Lopes Pinto and Daniel Brito for providing helpful comments on the manuscript. Marco A. M. Mello for kindly helping with information regarding bat-plants interactions. We also thank Instituto Estadual de Meio Ambiente (IEMA) for the Fieldwork licenses, Valdir Cetto and family for permission to work on their property, Vinicius T. Pimenta For help in the Fieldwork, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. TBV thanks UFES/PETROBRAS for the PIBIC scholarship. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOC TROPICAL ECOLOGY, GTOE, ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH INST & MUSE PI BONN PA ADENAUERALLE 160, BONN, 00000, GERMANY SN 0949-3026 J9 ECOTROPICA JI Ecotropica PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 531OB UT WOS:000272676100006 ER PT B AU Zhang, SN Ling, ZX Xiang, JG Tang, SC AF Zhang, Shuang Nan Ling, Zhixing Xiang, Jingen Tang, Shichao BE Soonthornthum, B Komonjinda, S Cheng, KS Leung, KC TI Time Lag in the X-ray Dust Scattering Halo of Cyg X-1 SO EIGHTH PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE ON STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS: A TRIBUTE TO KAM-CHING LEUNG SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Pacific Rim Conference on Stellar Astrophysics CY MAY 05-09, 2008 CL Phuket, THAILAND SP Natl Astron Res Inst Thailand, Thailand Convent & Exhibit Bur, Int Astron Union ID INTERSTELLAR DUST; DISTANCE; GRAINS AB X-ray photons scattered by the interstellar, carry the information of dust distribution, dust grain model, scattering cross section, and the distance of the source and so on; they also take longer time than the unscattered photons. Using a cross-correlation method, we study the light curves of the X-ray dust scattering halo of Cyg X-1, observed with the Chandra X-ray Observertary. Significant time lags are found between the light curves of the point source and its halo. This time lag increases with the angular distance from Cyg X-1, implying a dust concentration in the location of 2.0 kpc x (0.876 +/- 0.002). By fitting the observed light curves of the halo at different radii with simulated light curves. we obtain a width of Delta L = 33(-13)(+18) pc of this dust concentration. The origin of this dust concentration is still not clearly known. C1 [Zhang, Shuang Nan; Ling, Zhixing; Tang, Shichao] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Shuang Nan; Ling, Zhixing; Tang, Shichao] Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Ctr Astrophys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Xiang, Jingen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zhang, SN (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.; Zhang, SN (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Ctr Astrophys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM zhangsn@tsinghua.edu.cn FU Ministry of Education of China, Directional Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KJCX2-YW-T03]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [10521001, 10733010, 10725313] FX We thank Dr. Jian Hu, Yuan Liu, Yue Wu, and Li Shao for useful discussions and Randall K. Smith for providing the model codes. SNZ thanks the SOC and LOC for their great effort in organizing this conference. This study is supported in part by the Ministry of Education of China, Directional Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under project No. KJCX2-YW-T03 and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under project No.10521001,10733010 and 10725313. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-685-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 404 BP 144 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMA03 UT WOS:000271628900028 ER PT B AU Mesnick, SL Ralls, K AF Mesnick, Sarah L. Ralls, Katherine BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Mating Systems SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEXUAL SELECTION; ELEPHANT SEALS; MALE COMPETITION; GREY SEAL; FEMALES; PATERNITY; TACTICS; MALES; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR C1 [Mesnick, Sarah L.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ralls, Katherine] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Mesnick, SL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 712 EP 719 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200153 ER PT B AU Ralls, K Mesnick, S AF Ralls, Katherine Mesnick, Sarah BE Perrin, WF Wursig, B Thewissen, JGM TI Sexual Dimorphism SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SELECTION; PORPOISE; FEMALES; WHALES; MALES C1 [Ralls, Katherine] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Mesnick, Sarah] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Ralls, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091993-5; 978-0-12-373553-9 PY 2009 BP 1005 EP 1011 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BA5UV UT WOS:000337029200216 ER PT J AU Eberhard, WG AF Eberhard, William G. TI STATIC ALLOMETRY AND ANIMAL GENITALIA SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Biogenetic law; black widows; construction behavior; ontogeny; spider webs ID BEETLE ONTHOPHAGUS-TAURUS; LOCK-AND-KEY; ONE-SIZE-FITS; SEXUAL SELECTION; PENILE LENGTH; BODY-SIZE; SOMATOMETRIC PARAMETERS; REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION; FEMALE GENITALIA AB A survey of 117 species of arthropods and 17 species of vertebrates showed a strong trend for male genitalia to have relatively low static allometric values. This trend contrasts with the allometry of other structures under sexual selection, which usually show steep allometric slopes. The trend to low allometric genital values is less consistent in mammals than in arthropods. Data not in accord with the previous the "one-size-fits-all" explanation for low allometric slopes in genitalia, which was based on sexual selection by female choice, suggest a more general version that includes both natural selection and sexual selection, and involves both mechanical fit and stimulation. Less-complete data on the female genitalia of arthropods suggest a trend to similar low allometric slopes, and may also be explained by mechanical fit and stimulatory one-size-fits-all arguments. C1 Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Eberhard, William G.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Eberhard, WG (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM william.eberhard@gmail.com FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Universidad de Costa Rica FX I thank J. Christy, J. Niven, W. Wcislo, and especially K. Harms for useful discussions. J. Christy, A. Peretti, R. L. Rodriguez, and M. J. W. Eberhard made helpful comments on the manuscript, and J. Christy, F. Coyle, D. Emlen, D. Hosken, M. Losilla, C. Mazzoldi, T. Miller, A. Pilastro, M. Plath, M. B. Rasotto, I. Schlupp, and R. Willemart allowed me to use unpublished manuscripts and data. J.Coronado and M. Aluja provided specimens of Netelia and Labania wasps, M. Springer kindly identified a water strider, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Universidad de Costa Rica provided financial support. NR 100 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD JAN PY 2009 VL 63 IS 1 BP 48 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00528.x PG 19 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 394TB UT WOS:000262469600005 PM 18803683 ER PT J AU West-Eberhard, MJ AF West-Eberhard, Mary Jane TI Mary Jane West-Eberhard BIO SO EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP West-Eberhard, MJ (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM mjwe@sent.com NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1520-541X J9 EVOL DEV JI Evol. Dev. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 8 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00297.x PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 397CI UT WOS:000262639200004 PM 19196328 ER PT J AU Schulze, A Rice, ME AF Schulze, Anja Rice, Mary E. TI Musculature in sipunculan worms: ontogeny and ancestral states SO EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PHYLUM SIPUNCULA; MORPHOLOGY; GENE; METAMORPHOSIS; SEQUENCES; ANNELIDA; ECHIURA; REGIONS; SYSTEM AB Molecular phylogenetics suggests that the Sipuncula fall into the Annelida, although they are morphologically very distinct and lack segmentation. To understand the evolutionary transformations from the annelid to the sipunculan body plan, it is important to reconstruct the ancestral states within the respective clades at all life history stages. Here we reconstruct the ancestral states for the head/introvert retractor muscles and the body wall musculature in the Sipuncula using Bayesian statistics. In addition, we describe the ontogenetic transformations of the two muscle systems in four sipunculan species with different developmental modes, using F-actin staining with fluorescent-labeled phalloidin in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy. All four species, which have smooth body wall musculature and less than the full set of four introvert retractor muscles as adults, go through developmental stages with four retractor muscles that are eventually reduced to a lower number in the adult. The circular and sometimes the longitudinal body wall musculature are split into bands that later transform into a smooth sheath. Our ancestral state reconstructions suggest with nearly 100% probability that the ancestral sipunculan had four introvert retractor muscles, longitudinal body wall musculature in bands and circular body wall musculature arranged as a smooth sheath. Species with crawling larvae have more strongly developed body wall musculature than those with swimming larvae. To interpret our findings in the context of annelid evolution, a more solid phylogenetic framework is needed for the entire group and more data on ontogenetic transformations of annelid musculature are desirable. C1 [Schulze, Anja; Rice, Mary E.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Schulze, A (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 5007 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM schulzea@tamug.edu RI Schulze, Anja/I-4215-2012 FU Harvard University; Smithsonian Marine Station FX This work was partially supported by a MarCraig grant at Harvard University to G. Giribet and E. B. Cutler, which included a postdoctoral fellowship to A. S. It was continued under a Smithsonian Marine Station fellowship to A. S. (contribution number XXX). We are grateful to the staff and postdoctoral fellows at the Smithsonian Marine Station for their technical and field support, notably J. Piraino, H. F. Reichardt and S. Santagata. Carolyn Gast is acknowledged for Fig. 2B, 3B, and 5B and Charissa Baker for Fig. 4B. Figures 2B, 3B, 4B, and 5B were reproduced with permission from Rice (1993a, Fig. 2G) and Rice (1993b, Figs. 11- 13). NR 40 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1520-541X J9 EVOL DEV JI Evol. Dev. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00306.x PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 397CI UT WOS:000262639200013 PM 19196337 ER PT S AU Carson, J Marengo, M Patten, B AF Carson, Joseph Marengo, Massimo Patten, Brian CA Spitzer IRAC MLT Companion Search BE Usuda, T Ishii, M Tamura, M TI A Spitzer IRAC Direct Imaging Substellar Companion Search Around 89 M, L, and T Dwarf Systems SO EXOPLANETS AND DISKS: THEIR FORMATION AND DIVERSITY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Exoplanets and Disks - Their Formation and Diversity CY MAR 09-12, 2009 CL Kailua Kona, HI SP Subaru Telescope, Natl Astron Observ Japan DE Brown Dwarfs; Substellar Companions; Low Luminosity Stars; Extrasolar Planets AB We report observational techniques, results, and Monte Carlo population analyses for a Spitzer IRAC substellar companion search around 89 M, L, and T dwarf systems. For the typical target star distance, the survey is sensitive to T-dwarf/Y-dwarf companions with temperatures down to similar to 600K. This survey therefore represents the most sensitive population study of mid- to wide-separation (greater than similar to 40 AU) substellar companions to low mass stars and brown dwarfs. Based on IRAC color-color identification, and archival ground-based data, we find that no system shows positive evidence of a substellar companion (searchable separation similar to 3 arcsec to similar to 3 arcmin; projected separation similar to 40-2000 AU at the median target distance). Monte Carlo population analyses reveal that, for an example 1000K substellar population, the 40-2000 AU semi-major-axis companion fraction is <= 3.3%. For an example 633K (Y-dwarf) companion population, the companion fraction is less than similar to 20%, for the 200-800 AU semi-major axis range. To the best of our knowledge, this Y-dwarf value represents the first constraints ever placed on the Y-dwarf companion population, for this semi-major axis regime. C1 [Carson, Joseph] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Marengo, Massimo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Patten, Brian] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Astron Sci, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Carson, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM jcarson@mpia-hd.mpg.de NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0695-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1158 BP 227 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMB87 UT WOS:000271801800060 ER PT J AU Tscherbul, TV Groenenboom, GC Krems, RV Dalgarno, A AF Tscherbul, Timur V. Groenenboom, Gerrit C. Krems, Roman V. Dalgarno, Alex TI Dynamics of OH((2)Pi)-He collisions in combined electric and magnetic fields SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Cold and Ultracold Molecules Conference 2009 CY APR 15-17, 2009 CL Durham Univ, Durham, ENGLAND HO Durham Univ ID ROTATIONALLY INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; LOG-DERIVATIVE METHOD; MOLECULES; PARAMETERS; SCATTERING; STATES AB We use accurate quantum mechanical calculations to analyze the effects of parallel electric and magnetic fields on collision dynamics of OH((2)Pi) molecules. It is demonstrated that spin relaxation in He-3-OH collisions at temperatures below 0.01 K can be effectively suppressed by moderate electric fields of order 10 kV cm(-1). We show that electric fields can be used to manipulate Feshbach resonances in collisions of cold molecules. Our theoretical results can be tested in experiments with OH molecules in Stark decelerated molecular beams and electromagnetic traps. PACS numbers: 33.20.-t, 33.80. Ps. C1 [Tscherbul, Timur V.; Dalgarno, Alex] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tscherbul, Timur V.; Dalgarno, Alex] Harvard MIT Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Groenenboom, Gerrit C.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Krems, Roman V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Tscherbul, TV (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tshcherb@cfa.harvard.edu RI Tscherbul, Timur/K-3286-2014; Groenenboom, Gerrit/F-9692-2015 OI Tscherbul, Timur/0000-0001-5689-040X; NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2009 VL 142 BP 127 EP 141 DI 10.1039/b819198k PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 483NW UT WOS:000268974900008 PM 20151541 ER PT B AU Kennedy, RG AF Kennedy, Roger G. BE Henderson, HL Woolner, DB TI A NEW DEAL FOR NATURE-AND NATURE'S PEOPLE SO FDR AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE World of the Roosevelts LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kennedy, Roger G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-23010-067-1 J9 WORLD ROOSEVELTS PY 2009 BP 245 EP 260 D2 10.1057/9780230100671 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA BSN32 UT WOS:000285001400013 ER PT J AU Boyle, SA Lourenco, WC da Silva, LR Smith, AT AF Boyle, Sarah A. Lourenco, Waldete C. da Silva, Livia R. Smith, Andrew T. TI Home Range Estimates Vary with Sample Size and Methods SO FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Adaptive kernel; Chiropotes; Day range; Fixed kernel; Home range; Minimum convex polygon ID SQUARES CROSS-VALIDATION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; HABITAT USE; DENSITY; FOREST; DIET; PATTERNS; PRIMATES; MONKEYS AB Accurate estimates of a primate's home range are important, yet methods vary greatly. This paper examines the accuracy of minimum convex polygon (MCP), adaptive kernel (AK) and fixed kernel (FK) estimators by comparing home range estimates of northern bearded saki monkeys (Chiropotes satanas chiropotes) living in forest fragments and continuous forest in the Brazilian Amazon area. MCP was more accurate than AK and FK in calculating home and day range when sample size was small, and AK overestimated range most frequently. It is important to consider the various home range methods, as the appropriate method may depend on sample size and the species' behavioral ecology. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Boyle, Sarah A.; Smith, Andrew T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AR USA. [Boyle, Sarah A.; Lourenco, Waldete C.; da Silva, Livia R.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Boyle, Sarah A.; Lourenco, Waldete C.; da Silva, Livia R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Boyle, SA (reprint author), Ivy Tech, 200 Daniels Way, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. EM sarahannboyle@gmail.com NR 44 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 35 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0015-5713 EI 1421-9980 J9 FOLIA PRIMATOL JI Folia Primatol. PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1159/000201092 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 428RX UT WOS:000264868400003 PM 19208993 ER PT B AU Hansen, G AF Hansen, Gregory BE Blank, TJ TI Public Folklore in Cyberspace SO FOLKLORE AND THE INTERNET: VERNACULAR EXPRESSION IN A DIGITAL WORLD LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hansen, Gregory] Arkansas State Univ, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Hansen, Gregory] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hansen, G (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UTAH STATE UNIV PRESS PI LOGAN PA UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UTAH 84322 USA BN 978-0-87421-750-6 PY 2009 BP 194 EP 212 PG 19 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA BWQ80 UT WOS:000294548400009 ER PT B AU Hansen, G AF Hansen, Gregory BE Blank, TJ TI Webography of Public Folklore Resources SO FOLKLORE AND THE INTERNET: VERNACULAR EXPRESSION IN A DIGITAL WORLD LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hansen, Gregory] Arkansas State Univ, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Hansen, Gregory] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hansen, G (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UTAH STATE UNIV PRESS PI LOGAN PA UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UTAH 84322 USA BN 978-0-87421-750-6 PY 2009 BP 213 EP 230 PG 18 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA BWQ80 UT WOS:000294548400010 ER PT S AU Koutroumpa, D Lallement, R Kharchenko, V Dalgarno, A AF Koutroumpa, Dimitra Lallement, Rosine Kharchenko, Vasili Dalgarno, Alex BE Linsky, JL Izmodenov, VV Mobius, E VonSteiger, R TI The Solar Wind Charge-eXchange Contribution to the Local Soft X-ray Background Model to Data Comparison in the 0.1-1.0 keV Band SO FROM THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE TO THE LOCAL BUBBLE: COMPARISON OF NEW OBSERVATIONS WITH THEORY SE Space Science Series of ISSI LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE SWCX; Heliosphere; SXRB; ISM; Local bubble ID SOUTHERN GALACTIC HEMISPHERE; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATION; EMISSION; BUBBLE; IONS; MAPS AB The major sources of the Soft X-ray Background (SXRB), besides distinct structures as supernovae and superbubbles (e.g. Loop 1), are: (i) an absorbed extragalactic emission following a power law, (ii) an absorbed thermal component (similar to 2 x 10(6) K) from the galactic disk and halo, (iii) an unabsorbed thermal component, supposedly at 10(6) K, attributed to the Local Bubble and (iv) the very recently identified unabsorbed Solar Wind Charge-eXchange (SWCX) emission from the heliosphere and the geocorona. We study the SWCX heliospheric component and its contribution to observed data. In a first part, we apply a SWCX heliospheric simulation to model the oxygen lines (3/4 keV) local intensities during shadowing observations of the MBM 12 molecular cloud and a dense filament in the south galactic hemisphere with Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku telescopes. In a second part, we present a preliminary comparison of SWCX model results with ROSAT and Wisconsin surveys data in the 1/4 keV band. We conclude that, in the 3/4 keV band, the total local intensity is entirely heliospheric. while in the 1/4 keV band, the heliospheric component seems to contribute significantly to the local SXRB intensity and has potentially a strong influence on the interpretation of the ROSAT and Wisconsin surveys data in terms of Local Bubble hot gas temperature. C1 [Koutroumpa, Dimitra] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7620,IPSL Serv Aeron, Verrieres Le Buisson, France. [Kharchenko, Vasili; Dalgarno, Alex] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Koutroumpa, D (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7620,IPSL Serv Aeron, Verrieres Le Buisson, France. EM dimitra.koutroumpa@aerov.jussieu.fr NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1385-7525 BN 978-1-4419-0246-7 J9 SPACE SCI SER ISSI PY 2009 VL 31 BP 217 EP 230 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0247-4_17 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0247-4 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKB88 UT WOS:000267707400015 ER PT S AU Slavin, JD AF Slavin, Jonathan D. BE Linsky, JL Izmodenov, VV Mobius, E VonSteiger, R TI The Origins and Physical Properties of the Complex of Local Interstellar Clouds SO FROM THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE TO THE LOCAL BUBBLE: COMPARISON OF NEW OBSERVATIONS WITH THEORY SE Space Science Series of ISSI LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Interstellar medium: Physical properties; Interstellar medium: Solar neighborhood; Interstellar medium: Atomic processes ID IONIZATION; TEMPERATURES; DENSITIES; DYNAMICS; HELIUM; STARS; FLUX; GAS AB The Complex of Local Interstellar Clouds (CLIC) is a relatively tight grouping of low density, warm, partially ionized clouds within about 30 pc of the Solar System. The Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC) is the cloud observed on host lines of sight and may be the cloud that immediately surrounds our Solar System, the properties of which set the outer boundary conditions of the heliosphere. Using absorption line data toward nearby stars, in situ observations of inflowing interstellar gas from spacecraft in the Solar System, and theoretical modeling of the interstellar radiation field and radiative transfer, we can deduce many characteristics of the LIC. We find that the LIC is partially ionized with modest electron density, n(e) approximate to 0.07 cm(-3). The combination of its temperature and ionization favor photoionization/thermal equilibrium over a non-equilibrium cooling cloud picture. The abundances in the LIC suggest moderate dust destruction for silicate dust but complete destruction of carbonaceous grains. An origin for the LIC as a density enhancement ill the ambient medium that has been overrun by a shock seems likely, while its velocity away from the Sco-Cen association points to a possible connection to that region and the Loop I bubble. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Slavin, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 83, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jslavin@cfa.harvard.edu OI Slavin, Jonathan/0000-0002-7597-6935 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1385-7525 BN 978-1-4419-0246-7 J9 SPACE SCI SER ISSI PY 2009 VL 31 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0247-4_25 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0247-4 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKB88 UT WOS:000267707400023 ER PT J AU Matsubara, S Krause, GH Aranda, J Virgo, A Beisel, KG Jahns, P Winter, K AF Matsubara, Shizue Krause, G. Heinrich Aranda, Jorge Virgo, Aurelio Beisel, Kim G. Jahns, Peter Winter, Klaus TI Sun-shade patterns of leaf carotenoid composition in 86 species of neotropical forest plants SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carotene; carotenoid biosynthesis; chlorophyll; leaf dry mass; Virola; xanthophyll cycle ID LUTEIN-EPOXIDE CYCLE; TROPICAL TREE SEEDLINGS; LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; XANTHOPHYLL-CYCLE; BETA-CAROTENE; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; SHORT-TERM; PHOTOPROTECTION; LEAVES; ARABIDOPSIS AB A survey of photosynthetic pigments, including 86 species from 64 families, was conducted for leaves of neotropical vascular plants to study sun-shade patterns in carotenoid biosynthesis and occurrence of alpha-carotene (alpha-Car) and lutein epoxide (Lx). Under low light, leaves invested less in structural components and more in light harvesting, as manifested by low leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and enhanced mass-based accumulation of chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids, especially lutein and neoxanthin. Under high irradiance, LMA was greater and beta-carotene (beta-Car) and violaxanthin-cycle pool increased on a leaf area or Chl basis. The majority of plants contained alpha-Car in leaves, but the alpha- to beta-Car ratio was always low in the sun, suggesting preference for beta-Car in strong light. Shade and sun leaves had similar beta,epsilon-carotenoid contents per unit Chl, whereas sun leaves had more beta,beta-carotenoids than shade leaves. Accumulation of Lx in leaves was found to be widely distributed among taxa: >5 mmol mol Chl(-1) in 20% of all species examined and >10 mmol mol Chl(-1) in 10% of woody species. In Virola elongata (Benth.) Warb, having substantial Lx in both leaf types, the Lx cycle was operating on a daily basis although Lx restoration in the dark was delayed compared with violaxanthin restoration. C1 [Matsubara, Shizue; Beisel, Kim G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Phytosphare ICG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Krause, G. Heinrich; Jahns, Peter] Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Biochem Pflanzen, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Krause, G. Heinrich; Aranda, Jorge; Virgo, Aurelio; Winter, Klaus] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Matsubara, S (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Phytosphare ICG 3, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM s.matsubara@fz-juelich.de RI Matsubara, Shizue/A-5673-2011 OI Matsubara, Shizue/0000-0002-1440-6496 FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) FX We thank Barbara Krause, Maria Graf and Claudia Walraf for competent assistance. This study was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). NR 58 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 22 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 BP 20 EP 36 DI 10.1071/FP08214 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 391NB UT WOS:000262238900003 ER PT S AU Koutroumpa, D Lallement, R Raymond, JC Kharchenko, V AF Koutroumpa, Dimitra Lallement, Rosine Raymond, John C. Kharchenko, Vasili BE Sonneborn, G VanSteenberg, ME Moos, HW Blair, WP TI Implications of Solar Wind Charge-Exchange 1/4 keV emission on the Local Bubble hot gas in the galactic disk SO FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future Directions in Untraviolet Spectroscopy Conference CY OCT 20-22, 2008 CL Annapolis, MD SP NASA Sci Miss Directorate, Canadian Space Agcy, French Space Agcy, CNES DE SWCX; Heliosphere; SXRB; ISM; Local Cavity AB We present calculations of the heliospheric solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) emission spectra below 0.3 keV that we compare with the soft X-ray diffuse background (SXRB) emission detected in front of identified shadowing regions during the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. We discuss combinations of SWCX spectra and thermal emission in an attempt to match the observed X-ray fluxes and band ratios, while simultaneously being compatible with FUSE 0 VI emission measurements. C1 [Koutroumpa, Dimitra; Lallement, Rosine] Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvellines, Serv Aeron, CNRS, UMR 7620, Verrieres Le Buisson, France. [Raymond, John C.; Kharchenko, Vasili] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Koutroumpa, D (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvellines, Serv Aeron, CNRS, UMR 7620, Verrieres Le Buisson, France. EM dimitra.koutroumpa@aerov.jussieu.fr; Rosine.Lallement@aerov.jussieu.fr NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0672-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1135 BP 116 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BKH41 UT WOS:000268101400024 ER PT B AU Lang, M Angelini, S AF Lang, MichaelA. Angelini, Sergio BE Lang, MA Brubakk, AO TI The Future of Dive Computers SO FUTURE OF DIVING:100 YEARS OF HALANE AND BEYOND LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Future of Diving - 10 Years of Haldane and Beyond CY DEC 18-19, 2008 CL Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Baromed & Evironm Physiol Grp, Trondheim, NORWAY SP Int Marine Contractors Assoc, ACERGY Norway, TECHNIP Norway, StatoiHydro Norway, HELPRO AS HO Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Baromed & Evironm Physiol Grp ID MODEL; AIR AB The age of electronic diving has arrived with the development of the modern electronic dive computer as the most significant advancement in self-contained diving since the invention of the Aqualung by Jacques Cousteau. Twenty-five years after modern day dive computer introduction, several key questions remain surrounding the decompression models used, validation and human testing, acceptable risk, limitations, failures, and operational reliability. A brief history of analog dive computers and electronic digital computers and their function is discussed. Existing decompression models incorporated into dive computers are discussed with comments on the variety of approaches since Haldane. Educated predictions are offered on the functionality, features, and configurations of future dive computer evolution based on benefits from advances in consumer electronics technology, and monitoring technology integrated into the dive computer algorithm that allows for a closer approximation of physiological parameters. Final remarks conclude with how advances in diving physiology research based mainly on Haldane's original work in 1908 will shape the dive computer landscape of the future. C1 [Lang, MichaelA.] Smithsonian Inst, Off Secretary Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lang, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Off Secretary Sci, POB 37012,MRC 009, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-5-3 PY 2009 BP 91 EP 100 PG 10 WC Oceanography; Sport Sciences SC Oceanography; Sport Sciences GA BMT94 UT WOS:000273561900017 ER PT B AU Lang, MA AF Lang, Michael A. BE Lang, MA Brubakk, AO TI Parameters of Extreme Environment Diving SO FUTURE OF DIVING:100 YEARS OF HALANE AND BEYOND LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Future of Diving - 10 Years of Haldane and Beyond CY DEC 18-19, 2008 CL Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Baromed & Evironm Physiol Grp, Trondheim, NORWAY SP Int Marine Contractors Assoc, ACERGY Norway, TECHNIP Norway, StatoiHydro Norway, HELPRO AS HO Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Baromed & Evironm Physiol Grp ID MAJOR OIL-SPILL; EXERCISE; DECOMPRESSION; BUBBLES; DIVE; COLD AB The 2007-2009 International Polar Year (IPY) is a global research effort to better understand the polar regions and their climatic effect on the Earth. IPYs in 1882-1883, 1932-1933, and the International Geophysical Year of 1957-1958 were the precursors to this 4th IPY, the first to use extensive scientific diving techniques for polar underwater research. The science completed above and below the ice during IPY will provide a baseline for understanding future environmental change. Our research methodologies must also advance in the next 50 years, requiring some new approaches to diving physiology, equipment and procedures. Polar diving is one of the more extreme-environment diving modes where parameters such as thermal protection, cold stress as DCS risk, and regulator function require special consideration. Contaminated water diving is another extreme environment of microbiological and chemical nature that requires contaminant and risk assessment. Three illustrative cases review extreme environment diving parameters: the past (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Oil Spill Project), present (U.S. Antarctic Program benthic pollution studies), and future (Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Invasive Species Project). A final extreme environment is diving at depth. An advanced scientific diving workshop recently examined diving modes and operational parameters of open-circuit mixed gas scuba, closed-circuit rebreathers, underwater habitats, saturation systems, surface-supplied, and bell diving. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Office Secretary Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lang, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Office Secretary Sci, POB 37012,MRC 009, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-5-3 PY 2009 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Oceanography; Sport Sciences SC Oceanography; Sport Sciences GA BMT94 UT WOS:000273561900029 ER PT B AU Devereux, N Hriljac, P Willner, SP Ashby, MLN Willmer, CNA AF Devereux, Nick Hriljac, Paul Willner, S. P. Ashby, M. L. N. Willmer, C. N. A. BE Jogee, S Marinova, I Hao, L Blanc, GA TI The Morphological Type Dependence of K-band Luminosity Functions SO GALAXY EVOLUTION: EMERGING INSIGHTS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Galaxy Evolution: Emerging Insights and Future Challenges CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX SP McDonald Observ, Dept Astron Board Visitors Excellence Funds HO Univ Texas ID GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; 2MASS AB Differential 2.2 mu m (K-band) luminosity functions are presented for a complete sample of 1570 nearby (V-gsr <= 3000 km s(-1), where V-gsr is the velocity measured with respect to the Galactic Standard of Rest), bright (K <= 10 mag), galaxies segregated by visible morphology. The K-band luminosity function for late-type spirals follows a power law that rises towards low luminosities whereas the K-band luminosity functions for ellipticals, lenticulars and bulge-dominated spirals are peaked with a fall off at both high and low luminosities. However, each morphological type (E, S0, S0/a-Sab, Sb-Sbc, Sc-Scd) contributes approximately equally to the overall K-band luminosity density in the local universe, and by inference, the stellar mass density as well. C1 [Devereux, Nick; Hriljac, Paul] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. [Willner, S. P.; Ashby, M. L. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Willmer, C. N. A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Devereux, N (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. EM devereux@erau.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-718-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 419 BP 171 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUE53 UT WOS:000289032100027 ER PT B AU Cox, TJ AF Cox, T. J. BE Jogee, S Marinova, I Hao, L Blanc, GA TI The Impact of Minor Galaxy Mergers SO GALAXY EVOLUTION: EMERGING INSIGHTS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Galaxy Evolution: Emerging Insights and Future Challenges CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX SP McDonald Observ, Dept Astron Board Visitors Excellence Funds HO Univ Texas ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; BLACK-HOLES; GALACTIC DISKS; SATELLITE ACCRETION; INFRARED GALAXIES; STELLAR DISKS; MILKY-WAY; REMNANTS; SIMULATIONS AB It is now well accepted that galactic structure is directly influenced by its past merger history. Unfortunately, despite a considerable amount of effort, there is still not a complete mapping between the full ensemble of merger histories and the resultant galactic structure. This proceeding describes efforts to better understand certain routes in this mapping using numerical simulations of galaxy interactions. In particular, we outline the generic events that occur during the interaction and merger of unequal mass galaxies, so-called minor galaxy mergers, briefly focusing on the induced star formation and the morphological evolution induced by a minor merger. Some implications for the formation and evolution of bulges and the persistence of thin galactic disks is discussed. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02143 USA. RP Cox, TJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02143 USA. EM tcox@cfa.harvard.edu NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-718-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 419 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUE53 UT WOS:000289032100036 ER PT B AU Noeske, KG AF Noeske, Kai G. BE Jogee, S Marinova, I Hao, L Blanc, GA TI Star Formation Histories and Stellar Mass Growth out to z > 1 SO GALAXY EVOLUTION: EMERGING INSIGHTS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Galaxy Evolution: Emerging Insights and Future Challenges CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX SP McDonald Observ, Dept Astron Board Visitors Excellence Funds HO Univ Texas ID HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; FORMING GALAXIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; FORMATION RATES; FIELD GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE; AEGIS; Z-SIMILAR-TO-1; MORPHOLOGY AB The deepest multi-wavelength surveys now provide measurements of star formation in galaxies out to z > 1, and allow to reconstruct its history for large parts of the galaxy population. I review recent studies, which have consistently revealed a picture where galaxy star formation rates and their evolution are primarily determined by galaxy mass. Unless they undergo a quenching of their star formation, galaxies of similar masses have very similar star formation histories, which turn out to be relatively smooth: star formation rates decline with redshift in a primarily gradual manner, while typical starburst episodes have only a modest amplitude that barely evolves. I discuss how the found relations and their redshift evolution can provide an observed reference star formation history as a function of galaxy mass. The observed amplitudes and timescales of galaxy star formation are not fully reproduced by current theoretical models, and are a promising testbed to improve the assumed baryon physics. However, measurements of star formation rates in distant galaxies need to be treated with caution. Near-future data, methods and instruments will help us to improve on calibrations and sensitivities for high redshift star formation. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, WM Keck Fdn, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Noeske, KG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, WM Keck Fdn, 60 Garden St,MS 65, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM knoeske@cfa.harvard.edu NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-718-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 419 BP 298 EP 305 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUE53 UT WOS:000289032100046 ER PT B AU Birnboim, Y AF Birnboim, Yuval BE Jogee, S Marinova, I Hao, L Blanc, GA TI Gravitational Heating, Clumps, Overheating SO GALAXY EVOLUTION: EMERGING INSIGHTS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Galaxy Evolution: Emerging Insights and Future Challenges CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX SP McDonald Observ, Dept Astron Board Visitors Excellence Funds HO Univ Texas ID THERMAL-INSTABILITY; MASSIVE GALAXIES; CLUSTERS; CONDUCTION; PROFILES; ENTROPY; HALOES; CLOUDS; FLOWS AB There is no shortage of energy around to solve the overcooling problem of cooling flow clusters. AGNs, as well as gravitational energy are both energetic enough to balance the cooling of cores of clusters. The challenge is to couple this energy to the baryons efficiently enough, and to distribute the energy in a manner that will not contradict observational constraints of metalicity and entropy profiles. Here we propose that if a small fraction of the baryons that are accreted to the cluster halo are in the form of cold clumps, they would interact with the hot gas component via hydrodynamic drag. We show that such clumps carry enough energy, penetrate to the center, and heat the core significantly. We then study the dynamic response of the cluster to this kind of heating using a 1D hydrodynamic simulation with sub-grid clump heating, and produce reasonable entropy profile in a dynamic self-consistent way. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Birnboim, Y (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ybirnboim@cfa.harvard.edu OI Birnboim, Yuval/0000-0002-6547-8545 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-718-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 419 BP 362 EP 368 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUE53 UT WOS:000289032100056 ER PT S AU Grindlay, J AF Grindlay, Jonathan CA EXIST Team BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI GRB Probes of the High-z Universe with EXIST SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Gamma-ray Bursts; Early Universe; Large Scale Structure; Black Holes; Jets; Space telescopes AB The Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope (EXIST) mission concept was selected for further study under the Astrophysics Strategic Mission Concept Study (ASMCS) program. The mission design is optimized for study of high-z GRBs as probes of the early Universe. With a 4.5m(2) imaging 5-600keV (CZT) detector imaging a 90 degrees x 70 degrees (>10% coding fraction) field of view with 2' resolution and <20" (90% conf.) positions for >5 sigma sources, EXIST will perform rapid (<200sec) slews onto GRBs and obtain prompt images and spectra with a co-aligned soft X-ray telescope 0.1 - 10keV) and with a 1.1m optical-IR telescope (IRT) simultaneously in 4 bands (0.3 - 0.52 mu m, 0.52 - 0.9 mu m, 0.9 - 1.38 mu m, and 1.38 - 2.3 mu m) for prompt identification (by dropouts or variability) of the GRB within a 3.75 x 4.25' FoV. An autonomous spacecraft re-point (<2') will then (at similar to 300sec after GRB trigger) put the GRB on a 0.2 x 10" slit for either R = 3000 (for AB <21) or R =30 (for AB similar to 21-25) prompt spectra over the 0.3-0.9 mu m and 0.9-2.3 mu m bands. This will provide onboard redshifts within similar to 500-2000sec for most GRBs, reaching z similar to 20 (for Lyman-alpha breaks) if such GRBs exist, and spectra for studies of the host galaxy and local re-ionization bubble as well as intervening cosmic structure. With similar to 600 GRBs/yr expected, EXIST will open a new era in studies of the early Universe as well as carry out a rich program of AGN and transient-source science. An overview of the GRB science objectives and a brief discussion of the overall mission design and operations is given, and example high-z GRB spectra are shown. EXIST is being proposed to the Astro2010 Decadal Survey as a Medium Class mission that could be launched as early as 2017. C1 [Grindlay, Jonathan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Grindlay, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 18 EP 24 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300004 ER PT S AU Jaramillo, CA Rueda, M Bayona, G Santos, C Florez, P Parra, F AF Jaramillo, C. A. Rueda, M. Bayona, G. Santos, C. Florez, P. Parra, F. BE Demchuk, TD Gary, AC TI BIOSTRATIGRAPHY BREAKING PARADIGMS: DATING THE MIRADOR FORMATION IN THE LLANOS BASIN OF COLOMBIA SO GEOLOGIC PROBLEM SOLVING WITH MICROFOSSILS: A VOLUME IN HONOR OF GARRY D. JONES SE Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Geologic Problem Solving with Microfossils CY MAR 06-11, 2005 CL Rice Univ, Houston, TX SP N Amer Micropaleontol Sect, Soc Sedimentary Geol HO Rice Univ DE palynology; Eocene; Paleocene; petroleum; Paleogene; stratigraphy; eastern cordillera; biostratigraphy ID EASTERN CORDILLERA; FORELAND-BASIN; NORTHERN ANDES; ILANOS BASIN; EVOLUTION; VEGETATION; FOOTHILLS; VENEZUELA; HISTORY; FIELD AB The two major oil fields in Colombia discovered in the last fifty years are the Cano Limon and Cusiana fields. Cano Limon is located in the eastern region of the unfolded Llanos of Colombia, and Cusiana is located in the leading thrust sheet of the Llanos Foothills. Paleogene strata in both areas were part of a large foreland basin active since the latest Cretaceous. In both cases the main reservoir is a quartz arenite unit, informally called the Mirador formation, that has always been assumed to extend as a continuous Eocene sandstone layer from the Llanos Foothills into the Llanos Basin. However, recent palynological data suggested that this unit is diachronous across the Llanos and Llanos Foothills. Here, we dated 44 sections in the Llanos Basin and Llanos Foothills using a new zonation that is proposed for the region. Biostratigraphic results constrain the age of the Mirador Formation in the Llanos Foothills as early to middle Eocene with no evidence of a biostratigraphic gap with underlying early Eocene strata. In most of the Llanos Basin, including Cano Limon, the quartz arenite unit has an Oligocene age and rests unconformably upon Upper Cretaceous or Paleocene strata. Additionally, there are areas in the Llanos Basin where mudstone, not sandstone, is the dominant facies overlying the unconformity, suggesting that the basal sandstone in the Llanos Basin is not a laterally continuous body of rock. The absence of lower to middle Eocene quartz arenite beds in most of the Llanos Basin can be explained either by bypass or accumulation and subsequent erosion. These results imply a new paleogeography for the time of accumulation of Eocene and Oligocene reservoir units, a different model for basin evolution, and a different fluid-migration history to explain how the Cano Limon and Cusiana oil fields were filled. C1 [Jaramillo, C. A.; Bayona, G.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0946, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Jaramillo, CA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0946, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM jaramilloc@si.edu NR 65 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU S E P M - SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA PO BOX 4756 1731 E 71ST ST, TULSA, OK 74159-0756 USA SN 1060-071X BN 978-1-56576-137-7 J9 SEPM SPEC P PY 2009 VL 93 BP 29 EP 40 PG 12 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA BOF34 UT WOS:000276449500003 ER PT J AU Dolor, MK Gilmour, CC Helz, GR AF Dolor, Marvourneen K. Gilmour, Cynthia C. Helz, George R. TI Distinct Microbial Behavior of Re Compared to Tc: Evidence Against Microbial Re Fixation in Aquatic Sediments SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Desulfovibrio; Geobacter; Rhenium; Shewanella; Technetium ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; PERTECHNETATE IMMOBILIZATION; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; TECHNETIUM REDUCTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; TRACE-METALS; PORE WATERS; RHENIUM; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Rhenium is enriched in suboxic and anoxic sediments relative to oxic sediments, a characteristic that is being exploited in its use as a paleoredox indicator. Rhenium is fixed at sediment depths where iron reduction and sulfate reduction are the dominant microbial terminal electron-accepting processes. In order to explore mechanisms of its fixation, we investigated perrhenate behavior in pure, batch cultures of two dissimilatory sulfate-reducing strains (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. desulfuricans and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ND132) and two iron-reducing strains (Geobacter metallireducens GS-15 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1). Perrhenate concentrations tested ranged from 0.04 to 12 M, roughly 4 to 7 orders of magnitude larger than seawater Re concentrations. Within this broad concentration range, none of the organisms tested actively removed Re from solution during one week's growth to stationary phase. Despite these results, the sulfate-reducing cultures appeared to have reached supersaturation relative to ReS2(s), and the iron-reducing cultures may have reached supersaturation relative to ReO2(s). We conclude that neither direct nor short-term indirect microbial processes involving these bacteria are likely to explain Re fixation in sediments. Our results cannot exclude the possibility that microbial metabolites, such as Fe(II) or sulfide, do drive abiotic Re fixation over longer periods of time. The lack of perrhenate reduction by dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria contrasts with published reports of pertechnetate behavior. Despite many qualitative similarities between Re and Tc, it is clear that these two elements are quantitatively dissimilar, with Re fixation requiring more intensely reducing conditions. C1 [Dolor, Marvourneen K.; Helz, George R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dolor, Marvourneen K.; Gilmour, Cynthia C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Dolor, MK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mdolor@umd.edu RI Helz, George/D-1449-2010; Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010 OI Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498 FU Smithsonian Institution FX This research was supported by a Smithsonian Institution Predoctoral Fellowship to the corresponding author. The authors also greatly appreciate the assistance of Gerhardt (Fritz) Riedel, Georgia Riedel, Tyler Bell and Nise Butera of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center andWilliam McDonough and Richard Ash of the University of Maryland Department of Geology. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2009 VL 26 IS 7 BP 470 EP 483 AR PII 915037418 DI 10.1080/01490450903060822 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 495FR UT WOS:000269876500005 ER PT B AU Plag, HP Altamimi, Z Bettadpur, S Beutler, G Beyerle, G Cazenave, A Crossley, D Donnellan, A Forsberg, R Gross, R Hinderer, J Komjathy, A Ma, C Mannucci, AJ Noll, C Nothnagel, A Pavlis, EC Pearlman, M Poli, P Schreiber, U Senior, K Woodworth, PL Zerbini, S Zuffada, C AF Plag, H. -P. Altamimi, Z. Bettadpur, S. Beutler, G. Beyerle, G. Cazenave, A. Crossley, D. Donnellan, A. Forsberg, R. Gross, R. Hinderer, J. Komjathy, A. Ma, C. Mannucci, A. J. Noll, C. Nothnagel, A. Pavlis, E. C. Pearlman, M. Poli, P. Schreiber, U. Senior, K. Woodworth, P. L. Zerbini, S. Zuffada, C. BE Plag, HP Pearlmann, M TI The goals, achievements, and tools of modern geodesy SO GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY ON A CHANGING PLANET IN 2020 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Altamimi, Z.] Inst Geog Natl, Lab Rech Geodesie LAREG, Champs Sur Marne, France. [Bettadpur, S.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Space Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Beutler, G.] Univ Bern, Astron Inst, Bern, Switzerland. [Beyerle, G.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Cazenave, A.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNES, LEGOS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Crossley, D.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Donnellan, A.; Gross, R.; Komjathy, A.; Mannucci, A. J.; Zuffada, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Forsberg, R.] Danish Tech Univ, DTU Space, Natl Space Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hinderer, J.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Ecole Sci Terre, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. [Hinderer, J.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Observ Sci Terre, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. [Ma, C.; Noll, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Nothnagel, A.] Univ Bonn, Geodet Inst, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Pavlis, E. C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Pearlman, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Poli, P.] CNRM, GMAP, CNRS, GAME, Toulouse, France. [Schreiber, U.] Tech Univ Munich, Kotzting, Germany. [Senior, K.] US Naval Observ, Washington, DC USA. [Woodworth, P. L.] Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. [Zerbini, S.] Univ Bologna, Dept Phys, Sector Geophys, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Plag, HP (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM hpplag@unr.edu; mpearlman@cfa.harvard.edu OI Poli, Paul/0000-0002-8392-6524 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02686-7 PY 2009 BP 15 EP 88 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4 PG 74 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BLY83 UT WOS:000271461100002 ER PT B AU Sahagian, D Alsdorf, D Kreemer, C Melack, J Pearlman, M Plag, HP Poli, P Reid, S Rodell, M Thomas, R Woodworth, PL AF Sahagian, D. Alsdorf, D. Kreemer, C. Melack, J. Pearlman, M. Plag, H. -P. Poli, P. Reid, S. Rodell, M. Thomas, R. Woodworth, P. L. BE Plag, HP Pearlmann, M TI Earth observation: Serving the needs of an increasingly global society SO GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY ON A CHANGING PLANET IN 2020 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sahagian, D.] Lehigh Univ, Environm Initiat, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Alsdorf, D.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kreemer, C.; Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kreemer, C.; Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Melack, J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Melack, J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Pearlman, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Poli, P.] CNRM, GMAP, CNRS, GAME, Toulouse, France. [Reid, S.] Lehigh Univ, Environm Initiat, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Rodell, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Woodworth, P. L.] Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Sahagian, D (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Environm Initiat, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM mpearlman@cfa.harvard.edu; hpplag@unr.edu; hpplag@unr.edu OI Poli, Paul/0000-0002-8392-6524 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02686-7 PY 2009 BP 153 EP 196 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4 PG 44 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BLY83 UT WOS:000271461100005 ER PT B AU Rothacher, M Beutler, G Behrend, D Donnellan, A Hinderer, J Ma, C Noll, C Oberst, J Pearlman, M Plag, HP Richter, B Schone, T Tavernier, G Woodworth, PL AF Rothacher, M. Beutler, G. Behrend, D. Donnellan, A. Hinderer, J. Ma, C. Noll, C. Oberst, J. Pearlman, M. Plag, H. -P. Richter, B. Schoene, T. Tavernier, G. Woodworth, P. L. BE Plag, HP Pearlmann, M TI The future Global Geodetic Observing System SO GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY ON A CHANGING PLANET IN 2020 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rothacher, M.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Behrend, D.] NVI Inc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Beutler, G.] Univ Bern, Astron Inst, Bern, Switzerland. [Donnellan, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Hinderer, J.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Ecole Sci Terre, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. [Hinderer, J.] Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Observ Sci Terre, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. [Oberst, J.] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Planetary Res, Berlin, Germany. [Pearlman, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Richter, B.] BKG, Frankfurt, Germany. [Schoene, T.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Tavernier, G.] CNES, Toulouse, France. [Woodworth, P. L.] Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Rothacher, M (reprint author), ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. EM mpearlman@cfa.harvard.edu; hpplag@unr.edu NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02686-7 PY 2009 BP 237 EP 272 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4_9 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4 PG 36 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BLY83 UT WOS:000271461100009 ER PT B AU Beutler, G Pearlman, M Plag, HP Neilan, R Rothacher, M Rummel, R AF Beutler, G. Pearlman, M. Plag, H. -P. Neilan, R. Rothacher, M. Rummel, R. BE Plag, HP Pearlmann, M TI Towards GGOS in 2020 SO GLOBAL GEODETIC OBSERVING SYSTEM: MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY ON A CHANGING PLANET IN 2020 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Beutler, G.] Univ Bern, Astron Inst, Bern, Switzerland. [Pearlman, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Plag, H. -P.] Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Neilan, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Rothacher, M.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Rummel, R.] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Astron & Phys Geodesy, Munich, Germany. RP Beutler, G (reprint author), Univ Bern, Astron Inst, Bern, Switzerland. EM mpearlman@cfa.harvard.edu; hpplag@unr.edu; hpplag@unr.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-02686-7 PY 2009 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02687-4 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BLY83 UT WOS:000271461100010 ER PT B AU Anker, S AF Anker, Suzanne BE Atkinson, P Glasner, P Lock, M TI Cultural imaginaries and laboratories of the real Representing the genetic sciences SO HANDBOOK OF GENETICS AND SOCIETY: MAPPING THE NEW GENOMIC ERA SE Genetics and Society LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERCEPTUAL PREDISPOSITION C1 [Anker, Suzanne] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Anker, S (reprint author), Hamburger Bahnhof, Berlin, Germany. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-92738-0 J9 GENET SOC PY 2009 BP 222 EP 246 PG 25 WC Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Biomedical Social Sciences GA BNZ43 UT WOS:000275948100016 ER PT S AU Weekes, TC AF Weekes, Trevor C. BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI TeV Gamma-ray Astronomy: The Story So Far SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 07-AUG 11, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, ISEG, PHOTONICS Co DE TeV gamma-Ray Observations ID PHOTONS AB A snapshot is presented of the present status of our knowledge of the TeV gamma-ray universe. Emphasis is put on observations made using the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique. The capabilities of the present generation of telescopes is listed. Progress has been dramatic and several features have been different from what was anticipated. The catalog of sources includes some 78 objects and these are tabulated as extragalactic sources (24), supernovae remnants (11), pulsar wind nebulae (10), binaries (4), miscellaneous (9), diffuse high energy sources (3) and unidentified sources (20). Some comments are made on the factors influencing the past and future development of the field. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. RP Weekes, TC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. EM tweekes@cfa.harvard.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0616-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1085 BP 3 EP 17 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIX29 UT WOS:000263556300001 ER PT S AU Perkins, JS AF Perkins, Jeremy S. CA VERITAS Collaboration BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI VERITAS Observations of the Coma Cluster of Galaxies SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 07-AUG 11, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, ISEG, PHOTONICS Co DE Coma Cluster; Galaxy Clusters; TeV gamma-Ray Observations ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; MERGERS AB Clusters of galaxies are one of the few prominent classes of objects predicted to emit gamma rays not yet detected by satellites like EGRET or ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). The detection of Very High Energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma rays from galaxy clusters would provide insight into the morphology of non-thermal particles and fields in clusters. VERITAS, an array of four 12-meter diameter IACTs, is ideally situated to observe the massive Coma cluster, one of the best cluster candidates in the Northern Hemisphere. This contribution details the results of VERITAS observations of the Coma cluster of galaxies during the 2007-2008 observing season. C1 [Perkins, Jeremy S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. RP Perkins, JS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. EM jperkins@cfa.harvard.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0616-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1085 BP 569 EP 572 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIX29 UT WOS:000263556300115 ER PT S AU Schroedter, M Krennrich, F LeBohec, S Falcone, A Fegan, S Horan, D Kildea, J Toner, J Weekes, T AF Schroedter, M. Krennrich, F. LeBohec, S. Falcone, A. Fegan, S. Horan, D. Kildea, J. Toner, J. Weekes, T. BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI Search for Primordial Black Holes with SGARFACE SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 07-AUG 11, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, ISEG, PHOTONICS Co DE Primordial Black holes: general; Gamma rays: bursts; Techniques: air-Cherenkov ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; COSMIC-RAYS AB The Short GAmma Ray Front Air-Cherenkov Experiment (SGARFACE) uses the Whipple 10 m telescope to search for bursts of gamma rays. Bursts can be detected on time scales; from a few ns to 20 !s and with gamma-ray energy above 100 MeV. SGARFACE began operating in March 2003 and has acquired 2.2 million events since. A search for explosions of primordial black holes (PBH) was carried out using the recorded time-resolved images. No unambiguous burst detection could be made due to background events produced by cosmic rays, Upper limits on the PBH explosion rare are presented and compared to other experiments. C1 [Schroedter, M.; Krennrich, F.; Falcone, A.; Toner, J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [LeBohec, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [LeBohec, S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Fegan, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Phys & Astron Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Horan, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kildea, J.; Weekes, T.] FLWO, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Kildea, J.; Weekes, T.] Univ Ireland, Experimental Phys Dept, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Schroedter, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0616-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1085 BP 701 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIX29 UT WOS:000263556300150 ER PT J AU Skowronek, RK Blackman, MJ Bishop, RL AF Skowronek, Russell K. Blackman, M. James Bishop, Ronald L. TI Locally-made or Imported? Identifying Ceramic Composition Variation in the San Francisco Presidio Jurisdiction SO HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In the late 18th century, representatives of the Spanish empire occupied the San Francisco Bay Area and rapidly transformed the region through the introduction of agriculture, animal husbandry, Roman Catholicism, the Spanish language, and the use of pottery. This paper focuses on the latter, evaluating questions of local manufacture or importation of ceramic materials among missions, the presidio, and pueblos within the San Francisco Presidio Jurisdiction. Through the application of instrumental neutron activation analysis of ceramic materials, local production of earthenwares at each of the missions is shown whereas glazed ware patterns reveal a mix of local and nonlocal sources. These patterns provide insights into the manufacture, supply, and exchange of ceramics in the San Francisco Bay Area, and through them a window on the materiality of the colonial encounter. C1 [Skowronek, Russell K.] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Anthropol & Hist, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Blackman, M. James; Bishop, Ronald L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist MRC112, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Skowronek, RK (reprint author), Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Anthropol & Hist, 1201 W Univ Dr, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY PI ROCKVILLE PA 9707 KEY WEST AVENUE, STE 100, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA SN 0440-9213 J9 HIST ARCHAEOL JI Hist. Archaeol. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA V15XZ UT WOS:000207836000001 ER PT J AU Phung, TT King, JA Ubelaker, DH AF Phung, Thao T. King, Julia A. Ubelaker, Douglas H. TI Alcohol, Tobacco, and Excessive Animal Protein: The Question of an Adequate Diet in the Seventeenth-Century Chesapeake SO HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CALCIUM; BONE; OSTEOPOROSIS; HEALTH; CONSEQUENCES; ASSOCIATION; METABOLISM; OBESITY AB Historical documents and faunal assemblages have indicated that the 17th-century Chesapeake English diet was, for the most part, nutritionally adequate and perhaps more so than the contemporary English diet. Pathological conditions observed on a number of 17th-century era human skeletons, however, including 19 individuals recovered from a single plantation cemetery in Maryland, suggest nutritional deficiencies in the colonists. The excessive but culturally acceptable consumption of meat, alcohol, and tobacco by the Chesapeake colonists appears to have affected nutrient absorption by at least some members of the population. Despite a potentially nutritious diet, the Chesapeake colonists suffered nutritional deficiencies that negatively impacted individual health. C1 [King, Julia A.] St Marys Coll Maryland, Dept Anthropol, St Marys City, MD 20686 USA. [Ubelaker, Douglas H.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Phung, TT (reprint author), 18918 Port Haven Pl, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 93 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY PI ROCKVILLE PA 15245 SHADY GROVE RD, STE 130, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA SN 0440-9213 J9 HIST ARCHAEOL JI Hist. Archaeol. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 61 EP 82 PG 22 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 450SF UT WOS:000266420400007 ER PT J AU Minor, R Burgess, LE AF Minor, Rick Burgess, Laurie E. TI Chinookan Survival and Persistence on the Lower Columbia: The View from the Kathlamet Village SO HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Prominently mentioned in the Lewis and Clark journals, the Kathlamet were devastated by infectious diseases and gradually lost their identity as a distinct, local Chinookan group in the historical record. In part because of the alleged abandonment of the Kathlamet village about 1810, the Kathlamet were subsumed under the Lower Chinook in the principal ethnographic account of the Chinookan peoples around the mouth of the Columbia River. Archaeological evidence from the Kathlamet village, as well as historical records, contradicts the alleged date of abandonment, and indicates that occupation of this settlement actually persisted into the mid-19th century. The use of material culture and historical records to examine the Kathlamet's post-contact experience helps reestablish their cultural identity for this time period, and reasserts their position as one of the more important of the many local groups of Chinookan peoples in the Lower Columbia Valley. C1 [Minor, Rick] Heritage Res Associates Inc, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Burgess, Laurie E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Minor, R (reprint author), Heritage Res Associates Inc, 1997 Garden Ave, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY PI ROCKVILLE PA 15245 SHADY GROVE RD, STE 130, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA SN 0440-9213 J9 HIST ARCHAEOL JI Hist. Archaeol. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 97 EP 114 PG 18 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA V15XZ UT WOS:000207836000006 ER PT J AU Collins, M AF Collins, Martin TI Untitled SO HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Collins, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0734-1512 J9 HIST TECHNOL JI Hist. Technol. PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 163 EP 164 DI 10.1080/07341510903125996 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 497BN UT WOS:000270029300001 ER PT J AU Collins, M AF Collins, Martin TI Untitled SO HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Collins, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0734-1512 J9 HIST TECHNOL JI Hist. Technol. PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 305 EP 305 DI 10.1080/07341510903370931 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 537JU UT WOS:000273110000001 ER PT S AU Winter, FH Rohrwild, K AF Winter, Frank H. Rohrwild, Karlheinz BE Liepack, OG TI Rocketry in Latin America in the 19th Century: A Historical Survey SO HISTORY OF ROCKETRY AND ASTRONAUTICS SE AAS History Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th History Symposium of the International-Academy-of-Astronautics CY 2000 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Int Acad Astronaut C1 [Winter, Frank H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 0730-3564 BN 978-0-87703-550-3 J9 AAS HIST S PY 2009 VL 30 BP 19 EP 53 PG 35 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BJE04 UT WOS:000265074700003 ER PT S AU Dalgarno, A AF Dalgarno, Alexander BE Zhu, S Yan, J TI Atomic and Molecular Data in Astrophysics SO ICAMDATA-2008 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications CY OCT 27-31, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Appl Phys & Computat Math, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Engn Phys, Natl High Tech Inertial Confine Fus Comm DE Cosmology; Early Universe Chemistry; Molecular Anions; X-Rays in the Solar System; 21 Cm Radiation ID COSMOLOGICAL HYDROGEN RECOMBINATION; PRIMORDIAL HELIUM ABUNDANCE; CARBON-CHAIN ANIONS; X-RAY-EMISSION; EARLY UNIVERSE; NEGATIVE-IONS; 2-PHOTON TRANSITIONS; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; HEI EMISSION AB Five distinct astronomical phenomena for which atomic and molecular processes play a crucial role in their interpretation will be reviewed. Cosmology has become a precision science in which advances in instrumentation must be matched by improvements in the quality of atomic and molecular data if the full value of the observations is to be realized. Recent studies will be summarized. Molecular anions have been detected in molecular clouds and circumstellar shells and their formation and destruction processes will be discussed. As an example of the range of processes important in astrophysics, recent applications of charge exchange of multiply charged ions as a source of X-rays will be described. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dalgarno, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM adalgarno@cfa.harvard.edu NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0661-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1125 BP 71 EP 83 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BJV98 UT WOS:000267286700007 ER PT J AU Kidwell, PA AF Kidwell, Peggy Aldrich TI The Astrolabe for Latitude 41 degrees N of Simeon de Witt: An Early American Celestial Planisphere SO IMAGO MUNDI-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, NMAH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kidwell, PA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NMAH, MRC671,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM kidwellp@si.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0308-5694 J9 IMAGO MUNDI JI Imago Mundi PY 2009 VL 61 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1080/03085690802456285 PG 6 WC Geography; History; History & Philosophy Of Science; History Of Social Sciences SC Geography; History; History & Philosophy of Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 601SH UT WOS:000278083700006 ER PT J AU Mathis, WN Zatwarnicki, T Kubatova-Hirsova, H AF Mathis, Wayne N. Zatwarnicki, Taduesz Kubatova-Hirsova, Hana TI A revision of the shore-fly genus Philotelma Becker (Diptera: Ephydridae) SO INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article AB All known shore-fly species (5) of the genus Philotelma Becker are revised, including P tecopa, new species (California. Inyo: Tecopa Hot Spring (36 degrees 52.7'N, 116 degrees 13.9'W)). Philotelma is only known from the Northern Hemisphere, and the included species are generally more widespread than previously known. With discovery that some species are more widespread and correction of the identification of others, the following new synonymies are proposed: P alaskense Cresson = P defectum (Haliday) and P strandi Duda and P tamarani Zatwarnicki & Biez = P parvum (Kramer). The Afrotropical species, Philotelma mirabilis Canzoneri & Meneghini, is transferred to the genus Lamproscatella Hendel (new combination). A lectotype is designated for Epbydra defecta Haliday. For perspective and to facilitate identification, a key to the genera of Scatellini is provided. All species are illustrated and distribution maps arc also provided. C1 [Mathis, Wayne N.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Zatwarnicki, Taduesz] Univ Opole, Dept Biosystemat, PL-45052 Opole, Poland. [Kubatova-Hirsova, Hana] State Phytosanit Adm, Brno, Czech Republic. RP Mathis, WN (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, NHB 169,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mathisw@si.edu FU Bateman Fund and in the Pacific Northwest; Small Grants Program; National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution); European Commissiods Research Infrastructure Action [DE-TAF-2872]; Williston Fund FX Field work in Alaska (2002) was supported by the Bateman Fund and in the Pacific Northwest (2005, 2006) by the Small Grants Program (Biological Surveys and Inventories, BSI), National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). We also acknowledge the financial support of the European Commissiods Research Infrastructure Action (the SYNTHESYS Project No. DE-TAF-2872) and of the Williston Fund (Smithsonian Institution), especially for study of specimens in other museums. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1399-560X EI 1876-312X J9 INSECT SYST EVOL JI Insect Syst. Evol. PY 2009 VL 40 IS 2 BP 121 EP 158 DI 10.1163/187631209X416714 PG 38 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 463TV UT WOS:000267455900001 ER PT J AU Ubelaker, DH Pap, I AF Ubelaker, D. H. Pap, I. TI Skeletal Evidence for Morbidity and Mortality in Copper Age Samples from Northeastern Hungary SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE northeastern Hungary; Copper Age; skeletal; morbidity ID HEALTH AB Analysis of 183 human skeletons representing the Copper Age in northeastern Hungary indicates slightly less morbidity and mortality than found in previous studies of later Bronze Age and Iron Age samples from the same area. Mean adult age at death was 33.4 years for males and 32.9 years for females, Life table reconstruction revealed a life expectancy at birth of about 28 years, and at age 15 of about 17 years. Frequencies of dental hypoplasia (<1%) and carious lesions (2.3%) were relatively low, Comparisons of the Copper Age data reported here with previously published studies of later Bronze Age and Iron Age samples from the same area revealed little or no change in life expectancy at age 15, long bone diaphyseal circumference, estimated living stature, frequencies of dental hypoplasia, alveolar abscesses, tooth loss, adult porotic hyperostosis or trauma. Temporal increases were detected in life expectancy at birth, dental caries frequency, cribra orbitalia, subadult periosteal lesions and vertebral osteoarthritis. The study is part of a larger effort to examine long-term temporal changes in skeletal samples from that region, Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Ubelaker, D. H.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Pap, I.] Hungarian Nat Hist Museum, Dept Anthropol, Budapest, Hungary. RP Ubelaker, DH (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 112, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM ubelaked@si.edu NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1047-482X J9 INT J OSTEOARCHAEOL JI Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1002/oa.969 PG 13 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 405AF UT WOS:000263193600002 ER PT J AU Berke, SK Woodin, SA AF Berke, Sarah K. Woodin, Sarah A. TI Behavioral and morphological aspects of decorating in Oregonia gracilis (Brachyura: Majoidea) SO INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE camouflage; morphological evolution; Decapoda; Crustacea ID NOTOMITHRAX-URSUS BRACHYURA; SPIDER CRABS; HERMIT-CRAB; MAJIDAE; DECAPODA; CAMOUFLAGE; PREFERENCES; CRUSTACEA; MASKING; SETAE AB Decorator crabs (Brachyura: Majoidea) are known for attaching sessile organisms to specialized velcro-like hooked setae. Here we describe behavioral and morphological aspects of decorating for a common northern Pacific majoid, Oregonia gracilis. Members of O. gracilis decorate with a diverse array of sessile organisms. These are attached to hooked setae, and also physically interact with long, pappose setae that occur in the same body regions as hooked setae. We describe these pappose setae and document the occurrence of similar setae in 36 other decorating majoids across seven families. In O. gracilis, the density of pappose and hooked setae independently covary with decoration amount, which is sexually dimorphic-juveniles and adult females decorate heavily, whereas adult males decorate sparsely. Adult males have reduced numbers of hooked and pappose setae, but the ontogenetic patterns for the two setal types are different, suggesting that they are quasi-independent characters. We experimentally ablated pappose setae to ask if they functionally contribute to decorating in O. gracilis. Surprisingly, we found that pappose setae are not necessary for decorating under laboratory conditions. Pappose setae could play an auxiliary mechanical role or a sensory role in decorating, or may have another as-yet-unidentified function distinct from decorating. C1 [Berke, Sarah K.; Woodin, Sarah A.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Berke, SK (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM skberke@gmail.com RI Woodin, Sarah/K-8481-2014 OI Woodin, Sarah/0000-0001-5615-2212 FU Friday Harbor Laboratories; PADI Foundation Inc. [216]; Sigma Xi; Slocum-Lunz Foundation; NSF [OCE-9811435]; ONR [N00014-03-1-0352] FX This work was supported by Friday Harbor Laboratories' Wainwright Fellowships in 2004 and 2005, the PADI Foundation Inc. (#216), Sigma Xi, the Slocum-Lunz Foundation, NSF (OCE-9811435) and ONR (N00014-03-1-0352). Many of the decoration species in Table 2 were identified by J. Jaecks and E. Evenson, both undergraduate students in the University of Washington's 2005 Zoology-Botany class. We are grateful to K. Britton-Simmons, C. O'Kelly, and M. Dethier for assistance with algal identification and E. Kozloff for assistance with invertebrate identification. We thank D. Willows, K. Sebens, Friday Harbor Laboratories, and the University of South Carolina Electron Microscopy Center for facilities and microscopes, the Field Museum and the National Museum of Natural History for access to collections, B. Bybee and B. Pernet for SEM advice, M. Wicksten for sharing hard-to-find manuscripts, and L. Watling, D. Wethey, R. Raguso, R. Brodie, M. Miller, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1077-8306 J9 INVERTEBR BIOL JI Invertebr. Biol. PY 2009 VL 128 IS 2 BP 172 EP 181 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2009.00167.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 451SL UT WOS:000266490400006 ER PT J AU Austin, A Anderson, R Ahyong, S Cook, L Edgecombe, G Giribet, G Meier, R Proctor, H Rouse, G Scharff, N Waters, J AF Austin, Andy Anderson, Robert Ahyong, Shane Cook, Lyn Edgecombe, Greg Giribet, Gonzalo Meier, Rudolf Proctor, Heather Rouse, Greg Scharff, Nikolaj Waters, Jonathan TI Invertebrate Systematics - Past and Future SO INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Anderson, Robert] Canadian Museum Nat, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. [Ahyong, Shane] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Biodivers & Biosecur Grp, Wellington, New Zealand. [Edgecombe, Greg] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Palaeontol, London, England. [Giribet, Gonzalo] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Giribet, Gonzalo] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Meier, Rudolf] Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. [Meier, Rudolf] Univ Copenhagen, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Rouse, Greg] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Rouse, Greg] Univ Adelaide, S Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Rouse, Greg] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Rouse, Greg] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Scharff, Nikolaj] Univ Copenhagen, Zool Museum, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Waters, Jonathan] Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. RI Meier, Rudolf/A-7099-2011; Waters, Jonathan/B-4983-2009; Scharff, Nikolaj/A-4787-2013 OI Meier, Rudolf/0000-0002-4452-2885; Scharff, Nikolaj/0000-0001-6809-2878 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-5226 J9 INVERTEBR SYST JI Invertebr. Syst. PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP I EP IV DI 10.1071/ISv23n1_ED PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 433QU UT WOS:000265221700001 ER PT J AU Kuntner, M Agnarsson, I AF Kuntner, Matjaz Agnarsson, Ingi TI Phylogeny accurately predicts behaviour in Indian Ocean Clitaetra spiders (Araneae : Nephilidae) SO INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Article DE homology; Comoros; Madagascar; Mayotte; orb web; phylogenetic prediction; web architecture; web allometry ID ORB-WEB; SEXUAL CANNIBALISM; ONTOGENIC CHANGES; LIFE-HISTORY; NEW-GUINEA; BODY-SIZE; THERIDIIDAE; FEMALE; THERIDIOSOMATIDAE; NEPHILENGYS AB Phylogenies are underutilised, powerful predictors of traits in unstudied species. We tested phylogenetic predictions of web-related behaviour in Clitaetra Simon, 1889, an Afro-Indian spider genus of the family Nephilidae. Clitaetra is phylogenetically sister to all other nephilids and thus important for understanding ancestral traits. Behavioural information on Clitaetra has been limited to only C. irenae Kuntner, 2006 from South Africa which constructs ladder webs. A resolved species-level phylogeny unambiguously optimised Clitaetra behavioural biology and predicted web traits in five unstudied species and a uniform intrageneric nephilid web biology. We tested these predictions by studying the ecology and web biology of C. perroti Simon, 1894 on Madagascar and C. episinoides Simon, 1889 on Mayotte. We confirm predicted arboricolous web architecture in these species. The expected ontogenetic allometric transition from orbs in juveniles to elongate ladder webs in adults was statistically significant in C. perroti, whereas marginally not significant in C. episinoides. We demonstrate the persistence of the temporary spiral in finished Clitaetra webs. A morphological and behavioural phylogenetic analysis resulted in unchanged topology and persisting unambiguous behavioural synapomorphies. Our results support the homology of Clitaetra hub reinforcement with the nephilid hub-cup. In Clitaetra, behaviour was highly predictable and remained consistent with new observations. Our results confirm that nephilid web biology is evolutionarily conserved within genera. C1 [Kuntner, Matjaz; Agnarsson, Ingi] Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Ctr Sci Res, Inst Biol, SL-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Kuntner, Matjaz; Agnarsson, Ingi] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi] Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi] Univ Akron, Integrated Biosci Program, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. RP Kuntner, M (reprint author), Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Ctr Sci Res, Inst Biol, Novi Trg 2,POB 306, SL-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM kuntner@gmail.com FU Slovenian Research Agency [Z1-9799-0618-07]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0516038]; European Commission [MIRG-CT-2005 036536] FX This is contribution number two resulting from the 2008 Indian Ocean expedition, funded by the Slovenian Research Agency (Grant Z1-9799-0618-07 to I. Agnarsson) and the National Science Foundation (Grant DEB-0516038 to T. Blackledge). We also acknowledge the funding by the European Commission (6th FP, Marie Curie, MIRG-CT-2005 036536 to M. Kuntner). We thank M. Gregoric, S. Kralj-Fiser, T. Celik, G. Aljancic and the ANGAP and MICET staff in Antananarivo for their help, Jonathan Coddington for critical comments, and three anonymous referees for their suggestions. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 8 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-5226 J9 INVERTEBR SYST JI Invertebr. Syst. PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.1071/IS09002 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 472LK UT WOS:000268132600001 ER PT J AU Kuntner, M Agnarsson, I Gregoric, M AF Kuntner, Matjaz Agnarsson, Ingi Gregoric, Matjaz TI Nephilid spider eunuch phenomenon induced by female or rival male aggressiveness SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sexual conflict; emasculation; plugging; behavioral plasticity; Nephilidae; Nephilengys borbonica ID ORB-WEB SPIDER; GENITAL MUTILATION; SEXUAL CANNIBALISM; ARANEAE; EMASCULATION; THERIDIIDAE; BEHAVIOR; ORGAN; COPULATION; CONFLICT AB Plugging of female genitals via male sexual mutilation is a common sexual repertoire in some nephilid spiders (Herennia, Nephila, Nephilengys), but the behavioral pathways leading to emasculation are poorly understood. Recent work suggests that copulating Herennia males damage their reproductive organs during copulation and then voluntarily, and stereotypically, remove their pedipalps to become eunuchs. Presumably, such emasculation increases agility allowing the male to better fend off rival males. However, through our observation of male antagonism in Nephilengys borbonica (Vinson 1863) in La Reunion (Indian Ocean), we discovered that genital severance involving the entire male palp is induced by a rival eunuch. Additionally, laboratory matings of the same species from Mayotte provide the first observations of female sexual cannibalism in this species, one such forceful Copulation termination leading to emasculation of the entire palp. These novel behaviors suggest that mate plugging and the eunuch phenomenon are more plastic repertoires than hitherto thought, and thus our observations add to possible pathways leading to them. Based on our examination of 791 samples of Nephilengys spp. from museum collections and of a freshly collected representative sample of N. borbonica, we conclude that i) palpal severance is common (50% of males from the wild were eunuchs lacking both palps), but ii) the females (or perhaps subsequent males) must possess a mechanism for removing severed palps from the epigyna (none had a whole palpal bulb), leaving behind only partial, embolic plugs. and iii) the disparity between male palpal damage (50%) and visible mating plugs in females (21%) merits further research as the relative numbers of severed males and plugged females can offer insight into which sex may have the upper hand in an evolutionary arms race. C1 [Kuntner, Matjaz; Agnarsson, Ingi; Gregoric, Matjaz] Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Ctr Sci Res, Inst Biol, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Kuntner, Matjaz; Agnarsson, Ingi] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi] Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi] Univ Akron, Integrated Biosci Program, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Kuntner, M (reprint author), Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Ctr Sci Res, Inst Biol, Novi Trg 2,POB 306, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM kuntner@gmail.com NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2009 VL 37 IS 3 BP 266 EP 271 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 522RO UT WOS:000272016200004 ER PT J AU Reudink, MW Studds, CE Marra, PP Kurt Kyser, T Ratcliffe, LM AF Reudink, Matthew W. Studds, Colin E. Marra, Peter P. Kurt Kyser, T. Ratcliffe, Laurene M. TI Plumage brightness predicts non-breeding season territory quality in a long-distance migratory songbird, the American redstart Setophaga ruticilla SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RED-COLLARED WIDOWBIRDS; SEXUAL SELECTION; NONBREEDING SEASON; EXTRAPAIR PATERNITY; NORTHERN CARDINALS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; CARDUELIS-TRISTIS; HABITAT OCCUPANCY; MATING SUCCESS; FEATHER COLOR AB Many species of birds exhibit brilliant ornamental plumage, yet most research on the function and evolution of plumage has been confined to the breeding season. In the American redstart Setophaga ruticilla, a long-distance Neotropical-Nearctic migratory bird, the acquisition of a winter territory in high-quality habitat advances spring departure and subsequent arrival on breeding areas, and increases reproductive success and annual survival. Here, we show that males holding winter territories in high-quality, black mangrove habitats in Jamaica have brighter yellow-orange tail feathers than males occupying territories in poor-quality second-growth scrub habitats. Moreover, males arriving on the breeding grounds from higher-quality winter habitats (inferred by stable-carbon isotopes) also had brighter tail feathers. Because behavioral dominance plays an important role in the acquisition of winter territories, plumage brightness may also be related to fighting ability and the acquisition and maintenance of territories in high-quality habitat. These results highlight the need for further research on the relationships between plumage coloration, behavior, and the ecology of over-wintering migratory birds. C1 [Reudink, Matthew W.; Ratcliffe, Laurene M.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Reudink, Matthew W.; Studds, Colin E.; Marra, Peter P.; Ratcliffe, Laurene M.] Smithsonian Migr Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Kurt Kyser, T.] Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Reudink, MW (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM mattreudink@gmail.com RI Studds, Colin/C-3701-2012; OI Reudink, Matthew/0000-0001-8956-5849 FU Queen's Univ.; NSERC; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Innovation Trust; Sigma Xi; American Ornithologists' Union; Canadian Society of Ornithologists; American Museum of Natural History; National Science Foundation FX We thank R. Montgomerie for the use of his color analysis equipment, software, and expertise. K. Klassen and A. Vuletich provided invaluable support during isotope analysis. R. Montgomerie, R. Germain, R. Reudink, T. Murphy, and J. Nocera provided insightful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the hard work and dedication of numerous field assistants, without whom this work would not be possible. Funding was provided by Queen's Univ., NSERC, Canadian Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Innovation Trust, Sigma Xi, the American Ornithologists' Union, the Canadian Society of Ornithologists, the American Museum of Natural History, and the National Science Foundation. All methods conducted in this study complied with the laws of the nations of Jamaica and Canada. NR 69 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 40 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2008.04377.x PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 394UM UT WOS:000262475900005 ER PT J AU Stanley, JD Toscano, MA AF Stanley, Jean-Daniel Toscano, Marguerite A. TI Ancient Archaeological Sites Buried and Submerged along Egypt's Nile Delta Coast: Gauges of Holocene Delta Margin Subsidence SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Archaeology; burial; chronostratigraphy; coastal towns; cores; Holocene; human impact; Manzala lagoon; radiocarbon dates; relative sea level; sediment failure; shoreline migration; submergence; subsidence; uplift ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; PELUSIUM; DEMISE; PLAIN; MODEL; PORT AB For calculating subsidence rates along the Nile Delta coastal margin, archaeological site data provide more accurate temporal and elevation control relative to Holocene sea levels than chronostratigraphic analyses of radiocarbon-dated sediment cores. Recently acquired data on the depth and age of 11 buried and/or submerged levels of human activity at seven ancient sites serve to calculate average annual rates of subsidence along the northern Nile Delta margin during the middle to late Holocene. Subsidence rates range from 0.9 to 4.3 mm/yr, varying irregularly from west to east along the northern delta coast, and averaging similar to 2.5 mm/yr for 11 data points on the margin as a whole. Subsidence rate is directly related to thickness of sediment section, with highest values in the eastern part of Manzala lagoon and at coastal promontories of the Damietta and Rosetta branches. This, in large part, is a function of underlying sediment compaction plus sediment loading and readjustment of strata at depth. Short-term natural events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, Nile floods, and winter storm surges also serve as triggers of subsidence. An additional important factor is human activity, such as construction of large structures on water-saturated substrates. Most modern towns along this increasingly populous delta margin are located in low-lying vulnerable settings presently subject to subsidence, a phenomenon that warrants close monitoring and increased implementation of protective measures. C1 [Stanley, Jean-Daniel; Toscano, Marguerite A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, CUSP, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Stanley, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, CUSP, Paleo E207, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stanleyd@si.edu FU National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC FX Valuable technical assistance was provided by Mr. J. Cannon and Mr. T.F. Jorstad in the preparation of text script and illustrations for this article. Drs. A. Gascoigne and J.-M. Mouton are thanked for information they shared on the archaeological site of Tinnis. Dr. I.G. Macintyre kindly reviewed an earlier manuscript draft and is thanked for his constructive suggestions. Partial funding for the study was obtained from the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 158 EP 170 DI 10.2112/08A-0013.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 397YS UT WOS:000262698900013 ER PT J AU Gribble, KE Anderson, DM Coats, DW AF Gribble, Kristin E. Anderson, Donald M. Coats, D. Wayne TI Sexual and Asexual Processes in Protoperidinium steidingerae Balech (Dinophyceae), with Observations on Life-History Stages of Protoperidinium depressum (Bailey) Balech (Dinophyceae) SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eleutheroschisis; gamete; heterotrophic dinoflagellate; hypnozygote; nuclear cyclosis; planomeiocyte; planozygote ID HETEROTROPHIC DINOFLAGELLATE; GRAZING RATES; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; PHYLOGENY; CYCLE; RDNA AB A suite of morphological, histological, and molecular techniques was used to reveal for the first time division, sexuality, mandatory dormancy period of hypnozygotes, and identity of life-history stages of any Protoperidinium spp. In both Protoperidinium steidingerae and Protoperidinium depressum, asexual division occurred by eleutheroschisis within a temporary cyst, yielding two daughter cells. Daughter cells were initially round and one-half to two-thirds the size of parent cells then rapidly increased in size, forming horns before separating. Gamete production and fusion was constitutive in clonal and non-clonal cultures, indicating that both species may be homothallic. Gametes were isogamous, approximately half the size and lacking the pink pigmentation of the vegetative cells, and were never observed to feed. Gamete fusion resulted in a planozygote with two longitudinal flagella. Planozygotes of P. steidingerae formed hypnozygotes. The fate of planozygotes of P. depressum is unknown. Hypnozygotes of P. steidingerae had a mandatory dormancy period of ca. 70 days. Germination resulted in planomeiocytes with two longitudinal flagella. Nuclear cyclosis occurred in the planozygotes of P. depressum, but in the planomeiocytes of P. steidingerae. The plate tabulation and gross morphology of gametes of P. steidingerae and P. depressum differed markedly from those of vegetative cells. Thus, misidentification of morphologically distinct life-history stages and incomplete examination of thecal plate morphology in field specimens has likely led to taxonomic confusion of Protoperidinium spp. in previous studies. C1 [Gribble, Kristin E.; Anderson, Donald M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Coats, D. Wayne] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Gribble, KE (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, 7 MBL St,Lillie 319, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM kgribble@mbl.edu FU The Comer Foundation; the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Biology Department Education Fund; the Carroll Wilson Award from the MIT Entrepreneurship Society FX We thank the Marine Institute of Ireland and Captain Kenneth Houtler of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for sample collection. Thank you to Malte ElbrAchter for assistance with identification of P. steidingerae. Thank you to Matthew Parrow for helpful suggestions for creating chambers for single cell culture using 96-well plates. Thank you to Rebecca Gast and Sonya Dyhrman for microscope and camera use, and to Jane Doucette for assistance with life history diagrams. The Comer Foundation, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Biology Department Education Fund, and the Carroll Wilson Award from the MIT Entrepreneurship Society provided funding for this work. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 56 IS 1 BP 88 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00378.x PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 415QE UT WOS:000263948600012 PM 19335779 ER PT J AU Leigh, EG Vermeij, GJ Wikelski, M AF Leigh, E. G., Jr. Vermeij, G. J. Wikelski, M. TI What do human economies, large islands and forest fragments reveal about the factors limiting ecosystem evolution? SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE diversity; fragmentation; intensity of competition; intensity of herbivory; interdependence; islands; productivity ID LAND-BRIDGE ISLANDS; CALEDONIAN RAIN-FOREST; TROPICAL FOREST; WASMANNIA-AUROPUNCTATA; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; MASCARENE ARCHIPELAGO; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPECIES RICHNESS; PLANT INVASIONS AB What factors limit ecosystem evolution? Like human economies, ecosystems are arenas where agents compete for locally limiting resources. Like economies, but unlike genes, ecosystems are not units of selection. In both economies and ecosystems, productivity, diversity of occupations or species and intensity of competition presuppose interdependence among many different agents. In both, competitive dominants need abundant, varied resources, and many agents' products or services, to support the activity and responsiveness needed to maintain dominance. Comparing different-sized land masses suggests that productivity is lower on islands whose area is too small to maintain some of the interdependences that maintain diversity, productivity and competitiveness in mainland ecosystems. Islands lacking the rare, metabolically active dominants that make competition so intense in mainland ecosystems are more easily invaded by introduced exotics. Studies of islets in reservoirs identify mechanisms generating these phenomena. These phenomena suggest how continued fragmentation will affect future 'natural' ecosystems. C1 [Vermeij, G. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wikelski, M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Leigh, E. G., Jr.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Leigh, EG (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, MRC 0580-02,Unit 9100,Box 0948, Dpo, AA 34002 USA. EM leighe@si.edu FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX EGL thanks the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for financing several trips to Madagascar, that world like our own (Jolly, 1980) only not quite, that raises so many questions about how an island's size limits the 'degree of development' of its ecosystem. He is also thankful to Marcel and Annette Hladik for probing questions about how useful economic comparisons are for ecologists, or for anyone else.; We are all grateful to the STRI librarians, Vielka Chang-Yau and Angel Aguirre, for procuring an endless number of pdf's, to Neal Smith for sending us much relevant literature we would otherwise have missed, and to many seminar audiences for their patience with earlier, half-baked versions of our argument. We all wish to give thanks to the various plants and animals of our many field sites for reminding us of what we must try to understand and explain. NR 131 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1010-061X EI 1420-9101 J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01624.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 385TU UT WOS:000261837300001 PM 19120809 ER PT J AU Brinklov, S Kalko, EKV Surlykke, A AF Brinklov, Signe Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Surlykke, Annemarie TI Intense echolocation calls from two 'whispering' bats, Artibeus jamaicensis and Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bats; echolocation; field recordings; intensity; phyllostomids; source levels ID FRUIT-EATING BATS; LEAF-NOSED BATS; CAROLLIA-PERSPICILLATA; NOCTILIO-LEPORINUS; MYOTIS-DAUBENTONII; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; BULLDOG BAT; HEARING; EVOLUTION; OLFACTION AB Bats use echolocation to exploit a variety of habitats and food types. Much research has documented how frequency-time features of echolocation calls are adapted to acoustic constraints imposed by habitat and prey but emitted sound intensities have received little attention. Bats from the family of Phyllostomidae have been categorised as low intensity ( whispering) gleaners, assumed to emit echolocation calls with low source levels ( approximately 70dBSPL measured 10cm from the bat's mouth). We used a multi-microphone array to determine intensities emitted from two phyllostomid bats from Panama with entirely different foraging strategies. Macrophyllum macrophyllum hunts insects on the wing and gaffs them with its tail membrane and feet from or above water surfaces whereas Artibeus jamaicensis picks fruit from vegetation with its mouth. Recordings were made from bats foraging on the wing in a flight room. Both species emitted surprisingly intense signals with maximum source levels of 105dBSPLr.m.s. for M. macrophyllum and 110dBSPLr.m.s. for A. jamaicensis, hence much louder than a 'whisper'. M. macrophyllum was consistently loud ( mean source level 101dBSPL) whereas A. jamaicensis showed a much more variable output, including many faint calls and a mean source level of 96dBSPL. Our results support increasing evidence that echolocating bats in general are much louder than previously thought. We discuss the importance of loud calls and large output flexibility for both species in an ecological context. C1 [Brinklov, Signe; Surlykke, Annemarie] Univ So Denmark SDU, Inst Biol, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Brinklov, S (reprint author), Univ So Denmark SDU, Inst Biol, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. EM brinklov@biology.sdu.dk RI Robertson, Linda/D-1157-2010; Raleva, Sofiya/A-3114-2011; Ho, Hilary/F-3029-2011 FU Danish Natural Science Research foundation; Oticon Foundation; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute ( STRI); German Science Foundation FX Research was funded by the Danish Natural Science Research foundation ( to A. S. and S. B.), the Oticon Foundation ( to S. B.) and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute ( STRI) and the German Science Foundation (DFG) ( to E. K. V. K.). We thank John Ratcliffe for comments on the manuscript. We are very grateful to Ulrik Norum for excellent help with statistical analysis. We thank STRI for access to first-rate research facilities. Research complied with the laws of Panama~ and the IACUC regulations of STRI. NR 48 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 16 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 212 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1242/jeb.023226 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 384RX UT WOS:000261763000010 PM 19088206 ER PT J AU Buzas, M AF Buzas, Marty TI MEMORIAL TO THOMAS G. GIBSON (1934-2008) SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Buzas, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 1 BP 71 EP 72 PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 398CA UT WOS:000262707800007 ER PT J AU Myers, SH AF Myers, Susan H. TI The Smithsonian Institution and American Glass Manufacturers, 1917-1929 SO JOURNAL OF GLASS STUDIES LA English DT Article AB This article concludes a survey of the Smithsonian Institution's practice of acquiring American glass collections directly from manufacturers between 1886 and 1929. It addresses the years 1917-1929, when important collections of glass arrived from T. G. Hawkes and Company and Steuben Glass Works, both of which were located in Corning, New York. The article also traces the waning emphasis on collecting, particularly because of the onset of World War I, which greatly reduced the amount of staff time in the Division of Mineral Technology that could be devoted to such a pursuit. C1 [Myers, Susan H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Home & Community Life, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Myers, Susan H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Social Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Myers, SH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Home & Community Life, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM shm141@msn.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CORNING MUSEUM GLASS PI CORNING PA CORNING GLASS CENTER, CORNING, NY 14831 USA SN 0075-4250 J9 J GLASS STUD JI J. Glass Stud. PY 2009 VL 51 BP 176 EP + PG 23 WC Art SC Art GA 521JI UT WOS:000271916800013 ER PT J AU Henneken, EA Kurtz, MJ Accomazzi, A Grant, CS Thompson, D Bohlen, E Murray, SS AF Henneken, Edwin A. Kurtz, Michael J. Accomazzi, Alberto Grant, Carolyn S. Thompson, Donna Bohlen, Elizabeth Murray, Stephen S. TI Use of astronomical literature-A report on usage patterns SO JOURNAL OF INFORMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Digital libraries; Readership statistics; Document use; Obsolescence ID ASTROPHYSICS DATA SYSTEM AB In this paper we present a number of metrics for usage of the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System(ADS). Since the ADS is used by the entire astronomical community, these are indicative of how the astronomical literature is used. We will show how the use of the ADS has changed both quantitatively and qualitatively. We will also show that different types of users access the system in different ways. Finally, we show how use of the ADS has evolved over the years in various regions of the world. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Henneken, Edwin A.; Kurtz, Michael J.; Accomazzi, Alberto; Grant, Carolyn S.; Thompson, Donna; Bohlen, Elizabeth; Murray, Stephen S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Henneken, EA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ehenneken@cfa.harvard.edu RI Henneken, Edwin/F-9475-2010; KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009; OI Grant, Carolyn/0000-0003-4424-7366; Accomazzi, Alberto/0000-0002-4110-3511; Thompson, Donna/0000-0001-6870-2365; Henneken, Edwin/0000-0003-4264-2450; Kurtz, Michael/0000-0002-6949-0090 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1751-1577 J9 J INFORMETR JI J. Informetr. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.joi.2008.10.001 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 395BI UT WOS:000262496700001 ER PT J AU Notton, DG Buffington, ML van Noort, S AF Notton, D. G. Buffington, M. L. van Noort, S. TI The status of the type material of Pycnostigmus rostratus Cameron (Hymenoptera, Figitidae, Pycnostigminae) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Pycnostigmus rostratus; Hymenoptera; Figitidae; Pycnostigminae types AB The status of the type material of Pycnostigmus rostratus Cameron is reviewed. There are two types: a lectotype in the Natural History Museum, London, and a paralectotype in the South African Museum, Cape Town. C1 [Notton, D. G.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Buffington, M. L.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian NMNH, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [van Noort, S.] Iziko S African Museum, Nat Hist Div, Cape Town, South Africa. RP Notton, DG (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM d.notton@nhm.ac.uk RI van Noort, Simon/C-4006-2017 OI van Noort, Simon/0000-0001-6930-9741 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 EI 1464-5262 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 181 EP 184 DI 10.1080/00222930802250142 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 403OL UT WOS:000263091800001 ER PT J AU Suarez-Morales, E Morales-Ramirez, A AF Suarez-Morales, Eduardo Morales-Ramirez, Alvaro TI New species of Monstrilloida (Crustacea: Copepoda) from the Eastern Tropical Pacific SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE copepods; Costa Rica; Mexican Pacific; diversity; marine zooplankton; protelean parasites ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA; CARIBBEAN REEF; SARS CRUSTACEA; COSTA-RICA; MEXICO; REDESCRIPTION; SEA; PENINSULA; RECORD; GENUS AB Monstrilloid copepods were collected from the oceanic island Isla del Coco in the Eastern Tropical Pacific; two undescribed species were found, one of Cymbasoma and one of Monstrillopsis. The first species, represented by females only, is distinguished by the structure of its fifth legs, the antennular armature and the position of the ovigerous spines. The new Monstrillopsis, represented by male specimens, is distinguished by its genital lappets and details of the antennule armature. The isolation of this island, 532 km from the mainland, and the limited dispersal means of monstrilloids suggest potential endemism of these species. A recent record of Cymbasoma tumorifrons from the Mexican Pacific was found to represent a new species of Cymbasoma. It can be distinguished from C. tumorifrons, probably a Mediterranean form, by its body shape and antennular armature. These findings double the number of monstrilloid species known from the Eastern Tropical Pacific. C1 [Suarez-Morales, Eduardo] Colegio Frontera, Chetmal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Suarez-Morales, Eduardo] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Morales-Ramirez, Alvaro] Univ Costa Rica, CIMAR, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Suarez-Morales, E (reprint author), Colegio Frontera, Chetmal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. EM esuarez@ecosur.mx FU National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA FX We thank J. Picado for collecting the specimens examined from Isla del Coco. Valuable literature was provided by the Wilson Copepod Library ( National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA), managed by Chad Walter. ECOSUR provided funds to one of us ( AM- R) to visit Chetumal and analyse the specimens studied herein. Rosa Ma. Hernndez- Flores deposited and catalogued the specimens in the collection of ECOSUR. Two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments to improve this contribution. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 EI 1464-5262 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 21-22 BP 1257 EP 1271 AR PII 911461422 DI 10.1080/00222930902894419 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 448FC UT WOS:000266247500002 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR Sithole, H AF Mawdsley, Jonathan R. Sithole, Hendrik TI Natural history of the African riverine tiger beetle Chaetodera regalis (Dejean) (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE tiger beetles; Cicindelidae; South Africa; behaviour; conservation; indicator species ID SHUTTLING ECTOTHERMS; THERMOREGULATION; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; HYBRIDA AB The tiger beetle Chaetodera regalis (Dejean) (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) is widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa. We studied activity patterns, ecological interactions, and behaviour of this species along four major rivers in Kruger National Park, South Africa. During the dry season, small numbers of adult beetles are found on sand bars along perennial rivers. In the rainy season, adults are found in large numbers on a broad spectrum of substrates (including clays, coarse and fine sands and gravels, and black organic soils) and geomorphological features (sand flats, mud flats, sand bars, beaches, riverbanks, and dry and wet sandy streambeds) in riverine areas. Predatory, defensive, thermoregulatory, and reproductive behaviours are described. This species may prove to be a useful indicator of the health of African riverine systems: adults are abundant in high-quality riverine areas; adults and larvae may be adversely affected by human activities; and adults are easily detected, even by novice surveyors. C1 [Mawdsley, Jonathan R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Sithole, Hendrik] Kruger Natl Pk, ZA-1350 Skukuza, South Africa. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mawdsley@heinzctr.org FU Kruger National Park FX We thank Dr F. Venter for his formal approval and support for our studies of tiger beetles in Kruger National Park. The following museum curators graciously allowed us to examine specimens in their care: L. Herman (AMNH); R. Davidson (CMNH); L. Zerche (DEI); G. Zambatis (KNPC); B. Grobbelaar and R. Stals (NCI); T. Erwin (NMNH); and J. Harrison and R. Mueller (TMSA). Important field support for this study was provided by Game Guards V. Ndlovu and J. Baloyi of Kruger National Park, and by field volunteers A. S. Mawdsley and R. D. Mawdsley of Cleveland State University; we especially thank A. S. Mawdsley for her assistance with the photography for this project. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 31-32 BP 1891 EP 1908 DI 10.1080/00222930903015816 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 486KT UT WOS:000269195600002 ER PT J AU De Santo, NG Bellinghieri, G Touwaide, A Massry, SG Savica, V Eknoyan, G AF De Santo, Natale G. Bellinghieri, Guido Touwaide, Alain Massry, Shaul G. Savica, Vincenzo Eknoyan, Garabed TI History of Nephrology: a process confronted with changing times and of those who practiced it SO JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [De Santo, Natale G.] Univ Naples 2, Div Nephrol 1, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Bellinghieri, Guido; Savica, Vincenzo] Univ Messina, Dept Nephrol, I-98100 Messina, Italy. [Touwaide, Alain; Massry, Shaul G.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch, Div Nephrol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Eknoyan, Garabed] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Renal Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP De Santo, NG (reprint author), Univ Naples 2, Div Nephrol 1, I-80131 Naples, Italy. EM nataleg.desanto@unina2.it NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WICHTIG EDITORE PI MILAN PA 72/74 VIA FRIULI, 20135 MILAN, ITALY SN 1121-8428 J9 J NEPHROL JI J. Nephrol. PY 2009 VL 22 SU 14 BP S1 EP S2 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 551YU UT WOS:000274250600001 ER PT J AU Touwaide, A AF Touwaide, Alain TI Kidney dysfunction, from the Arabic to the Byzantine world in 11(th) and 12(th) century southern Italy SO JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Constantine the African; The Efodia; Hunayn ibn Ishaq; Ibn al-Jazzar AB Greek classical medicine was not transmitted directly from classical antiquity to the Western Middle Ages by a continuous tradition, but passed through the Arabic world, where it had been preserved thanks to translations from Syriac and/or Greek into Arabic. From the Arabic world, Greek medicine arrived to the West, through the Greek- or the Latin-speaking communities in Sicily and the mainland, respectively. Remarkably enough, the scientific content of the text was scrupulously respected. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Natl Hist, Inst Preservat Med Tradit, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Touwaide, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Natl Hist, Inst Preservat Med Tradit, Dept Bot, MRC 166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM research@medicaltraditions.org FU Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici, Naples, Italy FX Financial support for this research was provided by the Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici, Naples, Italy. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WICHTIG EDITORE PI MILAN PA 72/74 VIA FRIULI, 20135 MILAN, ITALY SN 1121-8428 J9 J NEPHROL JI J. Nephrol. PY 2009 VL 22 SU 14 BP S12 EP S20 PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 551YU UT WOS:000274250600004 ER PT J AU Tran, H Brizzi, G Gomez, L Perrin, A Hase, F Ridolfi, M Hartmann, JM AF Tran, H. Brizzi, G. Gomez, L. Perrin, A. Hase, F. Ridolfi, M. Hartmann, J. -M. TI Validation of HNO3 spectroscopic parameters using atmospheric absorption and emission measurements SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Nitric acid (HNO3); Line parameters; Atmospheric emission; Atmospheric absorption; Ground based solar absorption; SAO; MIPAS ID LINE PARAMETERS; ATMOS EXPERIMENT; HIGH-RESOLUTION; BALLOON-BORNE; SPECTRA; RETRIEVAL; PROFILES; DATABASE; MODEL; BAND AB The improved database of HNO3 spectroscopic parameters in the 600-950 cm(-1) spectral region presented in [Gomez L, Tran H, Perrin A, Gamache RR, Laraia A, Orphal J, et al. Some improvements of the HNO3 spectroscopic parameters in the spectral region from 600 to 950 cm(-1). JQSRT 2008, in press] is tested by comparisons between calculations and atmospheric remotely sensed absorption and emission spectra. The line parameters in the 11.3 mu m region are validated using ground-based Fourier transform solar absorption measurements, whereas those in the 13.1 mu m region are successfully tested using balloon-borne atmospheric emission spectra. In both regions, the quality of the line parameters and the consistency between band intensities is confirmed through comparisons with emission spectra collected by the satellite-borne WAS instrument. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tran, H.; Gomez, L.; Perrin, A.; Hartmann, J. -M.] Univ Paris Est, CNRS, LISA, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Brizzi, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hase, F.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Ridolfi, M.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Fis & Inorgan, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. RP Tran, H (reprint author), Univ Paris Est, CNRS, LISA, UMR 7583, 61 Ave Gen Gaulle, F-94010 Creteil, France. EM hatran@lisa.univ-paris12.fr RI Hase, Frank/A-7497-2013; Tran, Ha/I-5076-2013; Gomez, Laura/I-9272-2014 OI Gomez, Laura/0000-0002-6655-7659 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.09.012 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 386SA UT WOS:000261901700010 ER PT J AU Behrensmeyer, A AF Behrensmeyer, Anna TI BONE BURIAL IN LAND SURFACE ASSEMBLAGES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE VERTEBRATE FOSSIL RECORD SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Behrensmeyer, Anna] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2009 VL 29 SU S BP 61A EP 61A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V17QT UT WOS:000207952400047 ER PT J AU Brown, M Smith, M Jabo, S AF Brown, Matthew Smith, Matt Jabo, Steven TI TRAINING AND EVALUATION OF VOLUNTEER FOSSIL PREPARATORS IN THE SMITHSONIAN FOSSILAB PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brown, Matthew] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Smith, Matt] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jabo, Steven] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Brown, Matthew/K-8960-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2009 VL 29 SU S BP 71A EP 71A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V17QT UT WOS:000207952400097 ER PT J AU DeSilva, J Tocheri, M Zipfel, B van Arsdale, A AF DeSilva, Jeremy Tocheri, Matthew Zipfel, Bernhard van Arsdale, Adam TI IS THE OH 8 HOMININ A SUB-ADULT? IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HOLOTYPE OF HOMO HABILIS SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [DeSilva, Jeremy] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Tocheri, Matthew] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Zipfel, Bernhard] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [van Arsdale, Adam] Wellesley Coll, Wellesley, MA 02181 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2009 VL 29 SU S BP 87A EP 87A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V17QT UT WOS:000207952400179 ER PT J AU Egberts, S Rowe, T Sues, HD Luo, ZX Jenkins, F AF Egberts, Sebastian Rowe, Timothy Sues, Hans-Dieter Luo Zhe-Xi Jenkins, Farish TI THE FIRST SEMI-AQUATIC SYNAPSID FROM THE EARLY JURASSIC OF ARIZONA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Egberts, Sebastian; Rowe, Timothy] Univ Texas Austin, Vertebrate Paleontol Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Sues, Hans-Dieter] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Luo Zhe-Xi] Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Jenkins, Farish] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2009 VL 29 SU S BP 91A EP 91A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V17QT UT WOS:000207952400198 ER PT J AU Hastings, A Macfadden, B Rincon, A Montes, C Jaramillo, C AF Hastings, Alexander Macfadden, Bruce Rincon, Aldo Montes, Camilo Jaramillo, Carlos TI FILLING IN THE CENTRAL AMERICAN CROCODILE GAP: EVIDENCE FROM THE MIDDLE CENOZOIC OF PANAMA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hastings, Alexander] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Macfadden, Bruce] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rincon, Aldo; Montes, Camilo; Jaramillo, Carlos] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2009 VL 29 SU S BP 111A EP 112A PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V17QT UT WOS:000207952400298 ER PT J AU Jabo, S Brown, M Reser, P Holland, M Smith, M AF Jabo, Steven Brown, Matthew Reser, Peter Holland, Michael Smith, Matthew TI STOCKING THE FISHBOWL: A PROGRAM TO TEACH NEW EXHIBIT LAB VOLUNTEERS THE BASICS IN FOSSIL PREPARATION, MOLDING, AND CASTING SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jabo, Steven] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Brown, Matthew] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Reser, Peter] Paleo Tech, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Holland, Michael] Michael Holland Prod, Bozeman, MT USA. [Smith, Matthew] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Brown, Matthew/K-8960-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2009 VL 29 SU S BP 120A EP 121A PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V17QT UT WOS:000207952400342 ER PT J AU Potts, R Pobiner, B AF Potts, Richard Pobiner, Briana TI THE SMITHSONIAN HUMAN ORIGINS INITIATIVE: RESEARCH, EXHIBITION, EDUCATION AND OUTREACH SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Potts, Richard; Pobiner, Briana] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2009 VL 29 SU S BP 166A EP 166A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V17QT UT WOS:000207952400569 ER PT J AU Deem, SL Norton, TM Mitchell, M Segars, A Alleman, AR Cray, C Poppenga, RH Dodd, M Karesh, WB AF Deem, Sharon L. Norton, Terry M. Mitchell, Mark Segars, Al Alleman, A. Rick Cray, Carolyn Poppenga, Robert H. Dodd, Mark Karesh, William B. TI COMPARISON OF BLOOD VALUES IN FORAGING, NESTING, AND STRANDED LOGGERHEAD TURTLES (CARETTA CARETTA) ALONG THE COAST OF GEORGIA, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Caretta caretta; hematology; loggerhead turtles; plasma biochemistry; plasma protein electrophoresis; toxicants ID SEA-TURTLES; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; NORTH-CAROLINA; PARAMETERS; AGREEMENT; PROTEIN AB The health status of 83 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta; 39 foraging, 31 nesting, and 13 stranded turtles) was analyzed using physical examinations, hematology, plasma biochemistry, plasma protein electrophoresis, and toxicologic parameters. Significant differences were noted in a number of health parameters between turtles exhibiting each of these behaviors. On physical examinations, stranded turtles had the highest prevalence of heavy carapace epibiont loads, miscellaneous abnormalities, emaciation, and weakness. Differences in hematologic values included a lower packed cell volume, higher number of lymphocytes, and lower number of monocytes in stranded turtles; lower white blood cell counts in foraging turtles; and significant differences in total solid values among turtles exhibiting all behaviors with the lowest values in stranded turtles and the highest values in nesting turtles. Differences in plasma biochemistry values included the highest uric acid, creatine kinase, and CO(2) values in stranded turtles; the highest glucose and potassium values in foraging turtles; and the highest cholesterol and triglyceride values, and lowest alanine aminotransferase, in nesting turtles. Differences in total protein, albumin, and globulin were found using plasma biochemistry values, with lowest values in stranded turtles and highest values in nesting females, whereas differences in blood urea nitrogen between turtles included the lowest values in nesting turtles and the highest in foraging turtles. Plasma organochlorine and polychlorinated biphenyl levels were below their limits of quantification in the 39 foraging, 11 nesting, and three stranded turtles tested. A statistically significant difference was noted in the level of whole blood mercury between the 23 foraging and 12 nesting turtles tested. There was no difference in arsenic or lead levels between turtles exhibiting any of the three behaviors. Although a few limitations exist with the present study and include unknown ambient temperatures, turtle handling times that varied from 1.5 min to 53 min per turtle, and the use of a different laboratory for processing complete blood counts and plasma biochemistries in stranded versus foraging and nesting turtles, we Provide baseline blood values for two cohorts (foraging and nesting) of loggerhead sea turtles on the coast of Georgia. Additionally, we demonstrate significant differences in clinical findings and blood parameters between foraging, nesting, and stranded loggerhead turtles in the region. C1 [Norton, Terry M.] St Catherines Isl Ctr, Midway, GA 31320 USA. [Norton, Terry M.] Georgia Sea Turtle Ctr, Jekyll Isl, GA 31527 USA. [Mitchell, Mark] Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Clin Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. [Segars, Al] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Beaufort, SC 29902 USA. [Alleman, A. Rick] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Cray, Carolyn] Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Poppenga, Robert H.] Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. [Dodd, Mark] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Nongame Wildlife Nat Heritage Sect, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. [Karesh, William B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Field Vet Program, New York, NY 10460 USA. [Deem, Sharon L.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Anim Hlth, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Deem, SL (reprint author), St Louis Zoo, WildCare Inst, 1 Govt Dr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM deem@stlzoo.org FU Georgia Department of Natural Resources [29-WMB-01-140]; Lawrence Foundation; Smithsonian National Zoological Park; St. Catherines Island Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Society; Georgia and South Carolina Departments of Natural Resources; US Fish and Wildlife Service on Blackbeard Island, Georgia; Georgia Southern University FX We gratefully acknowledge V. Greco for her laboratory technical support. Research for this project was performed under Georgia Department of Natural Resources permit (29-WMB-01-140). Funding and logistic support for this project was provided by the Lawrence Foundation, the Smithsonian National Zoological Park, St. Catherines Island Foundation, Wildlife Conservation Society, the Georgia and South Carolina Departments of Natural Resources, the US Fish and Wildlife Service on Blackbeard Island, Georgia, and Georgia Southern University. NR 31 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 41 EP 56 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 407VB UT WOS:000263391300005 PM 19204334 ER PT J AU May, JA Songsasen, N Azevedo, FC Santos, JP Paula, RC Rodrigues, FHG Rodden, MD Wildt, DE Morato, RG AF May-Junior, J. A. Songsasen, N. Azevedo, F. C. Santos, J. P. Paula, R. C. Rodrigues, F. H. G. Rodden, M. D. Wildt, D. E. Morato, R. G. TI HEMATOLOGY AND BLOOD CHEMISTRY PARAMETERS DIFFER IN FREE-RANGING MANED WOLVES (CHRYSOCYON BRACHYURUS) LIVING IN THE SERRA DA CANASTRA NATIONAL PARK VERSUS ADJACENT FARMLANDS, BRAZIL SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Blood biochemistry; free-ranging; health; hematology; maned wolf ID HEALTH; CHOLINESTERASES; TUMORIGENESIS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; WILDLIFE; DISEASE; PLASMA; RABIES; SERUM AB There has been growing interest in the specific impacts of anthropogenic factors oil the health of wildlife. This study examined hematology and serum chemistry status of a prominent carnivore, the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), living in, on the boundaries to, or on adjacent farmlands to the Serra da Canastra National Park, Brazil. Twenty-eighty wolves were captured, and values were. compared 1) between subadults (n=8 animals) and adults (n=20 animals), 2) males (n=12 animals) and females (n=16 animals), and 3) among wolves living inside the park (n=11), near the park border (n=11 animals), and in neighboring fanning area: (n=6 animals). Age, gender, and wolf locations influenced (P < 0.05) hematology and serum biochemistry values. Specifically, adults had lower (P < 0.05) circulating phosphorus than subadults. Males had lower (P < 0.05) serum glucose, creatinine phosphokinase, and cholesterol and higher (P < 0.05) potassium than females. Erythrocyte count and serum cholinesterase were lower (P < 0.05) in wolves living within the park compared with near the park border or on farmlands. Mean corpuscular volume was lower (P < 0.05) in wolves living near the park border than those ranging within the park and on farmlands. Aspartate transaminase and chloride were higher (P < 0.05) in wolves living inside the park compared with those ranging near the park border. Creatinine phosphokinase was lower (P < 0.05) in wolves living on farmland compared with the other two locations. These results clearly reveal a relationship between age and gender on hematology and serum biochemistry values in free-living maned wolves. More importantly, certain traits indicative of health are potentially compromised in wolves living in areas under anthropogenic pressure. These data lay a foundation for examining the influence of farming and local domestic species on disease susceptibility and fitness in the maned wolf. C1 [Paula, R. C.; Morato, R. G.] Ctr Nacl Pesquisa Conservacao Predadores Nat CENA, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [May-Junior, J. A.; Azevedo, F. C.; Santos, J. P.; Paula, R. C.; Rodrigues, F. H. G.] Inst Procarnivoros, Projeto Lobo Guara, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Songsasen, N.; Rodden, M. D.; Wildt, D. E.] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. [Rodrigues, F. H. G.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Biol Geral, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Morato, RG (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Pesquisa Conservacao Predadores Nat CENA, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM ronaldo.morato@icmbio.gov.br RI Rodrigues, Flavio/E-4924-2012; May-Junior, Joares/C-9231-2016 OI Rodrigues, Flavio/0000-0002-4797-0085; May-Junior, Joares/0000-0002-0007-9690 FU Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente [056/03]; Mori-is Animal Foundation [D04ZO-77]; Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund; Association of Zoo and Aquariums FX This study was funded by Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente grant 056/03, Mori-is Animal Foundation grant D04ZO-77, the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, and the Conservation Endowment Fluid of the Association of Zoo and Aquariums. We are grateful to Joaquim Maia Neto (Director, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra-MG, 2006-2007) and Vicente do Paula Leite (Director, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra-MG, 2003-2006) for support. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 407VB UT WOS:000263391300009 PM 19204338 ER PT J AU Kolowski, JM Holekamp, KE AF Kolowski, J. M. Holekamp, K. E. TI Ecological and anthropogenic influences on space use by spotted hyaenas SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carnivore; Crocuta crocuta; human disturbance; human-wildlife conflict; livestock; logistic regression; Masai Mara; spatial modeling ID HYENA CROCUTA-CROCUTA; HOME-RANGE; PROTECTED AREAS; MIGRATORY PREY; PATTERNS; MOVEMENTS; CARNIVORE; LIVESTOCK; DENSITY; RESERVE AB Due to increasing human encroachment into the remaining habitat of many large carnivore species, there is an immediate need to understand the ecological and anthropogenic factors influencing carnivore space use decisions. In particular, knowledge of changes in space use in response to disturbance, and the costs associated with these changes, will be critical in guiding conservation efforts. To investigate the ecological factors influencing carnivore space use, we intensively radiotracked members of two large social groups (clans) of spotted hyaenas Crocuta crocuta in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya. In addition, we studied the influence of livestock grazing by comparing space use between two study clans that differed dramatically in exposure to grazing. Logistic regression modeling indicated that space use in the absence of livestock was most influenced by the location of the clan's communal den. However, hyaenas were also found to select shrubland, areas of high prey density, and proximity to seasonal streams. Movements of hyaenas exposed to livestock grazing were most influenced by vegetation type, with a strong avoidance of open grass plains. Den location and prey density had less influence on space use decisions in the disturbed than the undisturbed clan. Livestock distribution did not directly influence hyaena movements either during daytime, when livestock were present, or at night. We suggest that direct livestock avoidance was unnecessary due to the observed increased use of vegetative cover by hyaenas exposed to grazing livestock. The greater distances from the den, and from areas of high prey density at which hyaenas were found in disturbed than undisturbed areas indicates potential energetic costs incurred by disturbed hyaenas. Our results therefore suggest that reduced vegetative cover, as is often found outside protected areas, may result in more dramatic modifications of hyaena movements in the presence of livestock. C1 [Kolowski, J. M.; Holekamp, K. E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kolowski, JM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, S Dillon Ripley Ctr, Monitoring & Assessment Biodivers Program, 1100 Jefferson Dr SW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM kolowskij@si.edu RI Holekamp, Kay/G-6054-2010 FU NSF [IBN0113170, IBN0343381, IOB0618022]; Graduate School at MSU FX The research presented here was described in Animal Research Protocol No. 05/05-064-00, approved most recently on 24 April 2007, by the All University Committee on Animal Use and Care at Michigan State University (MSU). The work was supported by NSF grants IBN0113170, IBN0343381, and IOB0618022 to K. E. H. and by grants from the Graduate School at MSU to J.M.K. We thank the Office of the President of Kenya for allowing us to conduct this research, and the Kenya Wildlife Service, the Narok County Council, the staff and management of Mara Intrepids Lodge and the Senior Warden of the Masai Mara National Reserve for their cooperation and assistance. We thank S. A. Wahaj, M. Gibbons, C. Beaudoin, S. M. Dloniak, I. Graham, K. Kapheim, J. E. Smith and J. B. Tanner for field data collection, and L. Kierepka and K. Lawracy for assistance with certain analyses. We thank E. E. Boydston for allowing use of her digitized stream data, and for valuable suggestions throughout the project. NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 277 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00505.x PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 387OT UT WOS:000261962200003 ER PT J AU Goethals, GR McDowell, GL AF Goethals, George R. McDowell, Gary L. BE Goethals, GR McDowell, GL TI Lincoln's Legacy of Leadership Introduction SO LINCOLNS LEGACY OF LEADERSHIP SE Jepson Studies in Leadership LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Goethals, George R.; McDowell, Gary L.] Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. [Goethals, George R.] Williams Coll, Dept Psychol, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. [Goethals, George R.] Williams Coll, Program Leadership Studies & Provost, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. [Goethals, George R.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Goethals, George R.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [McDowell, Gary L.] Jepson Sch, Richmond, VA USA. [McDowell, Gary L.] Univ London, London WC1E 7HU, England. [McDowell, Gary L.] Natl Endowment Humanities, Off Bicentennial Constitut, Washington, DC USA. [McDowell, Gary L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McDowell, Gary L.] Smithsonian Inst, Woodrow Wilson Int Ctr Scholars, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [McDowell, Gary L.] Ctr Judicial Studies, Washington, DC USA. RP Goethals, GR (reprint author), Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-10456-3 J9 JEPSON STUD LEADERSH PY 2009 BP 1 EP 7 D2 10.1057/9780230104563 PG 7 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA BRP11 UT WOS:000283306100001 ER PT J AU Cranmer, SR AF Cranmer, Steven R. TI Coronal Holes SO LIVING REVIEWS IN SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID FAST SOLAR-WIND; KINETIC ALFVEN WAVES; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; OPEN MAGNETIC-FLUX; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION ANISOTROPY; ELECTRON-DENSITY STRATIFICATION; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITIES; PRESSURE BALANCE STRUCTURES; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS AB Coronal holes are the darkest and least active regions of the Sun, as observed both on the solar disk and above the solar limb. Coronal holes are associated with rapidly expanding open magnetic fields and the acceleration of the high-speed solar wind. This paper reviews measurements of the plasma properties in coronal holes and how these measurements are used to reveal details about the physical processes that heat the solar corona and accelerate the solar wind. It is still unknown to what extent the solar wind is fed by flux tubes that remain open (and are energized by footpoint-driven wave-like fluctuations), and to what extent much of the mass and energy is input intermittently from closed loops into the open-field regions. Evidence for both paradigms is summarized in this paper. Special emphasis is also given to spectroscopic and coronagraphic measurements that allow the highly dynamic non-equilibrium evolution of the plasma to be followed as the asymptotic conditions in interplanetary space are established in the extended corona. For example, the importance of kinetic plasma physics and turbulence in coronal holes has been affirmed by surprising measurements from the UVCS instrument on SOHO that heavy ions are heated to hundreds of times the temperatures of protons and electrons. These observations point to specific kinds of collisionless Alfven wave damping (i.e., ion cyclotron resonance), but complete theoretical models do not yet exist. Despite our incomplete knowledge of the complex multi-scale plasma physics, however, much progress has been made toward the goal of understanding the mechanisms ultimately responsible for producing the observed properties of coronal holes. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cranmer, SR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,Mail Stop 50, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM scranmer@cfa.harvard.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG04GE77G, NNX06AG95G, NNX07AL72G, NNX09AB27G] FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under grants NNG04GE77G, NNX06AG95G, NNX07AL72G, and NNX09AB27G to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. This research made extensive use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System (ADS) and the John G. Wolbach Library at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. NR 438 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1614-4961 J9 LIVING REV SOL PHYS JI Living Rev. Sol. Phys. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 AR 3 DI 10.12942/lrsp-2009-3 PG 63 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V16KO UT WOS:000207868700001 ER PT S AU Edgar, RJ Sanders, WT Smith, RK Morgenthaler, JP AF Edgar, Richard J. Sanders, Wilton T. Smith, Randall K. Morgenthaler, Jeffrey P. BE Kuntz, KD Smith, RK Snowden, SL TI The Spectrum of the 1/4 keV Band Diffuse Soft X-ray Background SO LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Local Bubble and Beyond CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, XMM-Newton Guest Observer Fac DE Instrumentation; backgrounds ID SOLAR-WIND; EMISSION AB The spectrum of the 145-284 eV (42-85 Angstrom) band of a portion of the diffuse x-ray sky was obtained in 1993 by the Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer. We compare these data to a model including a computation of the spectra of a few ions due to solar wind charge exchange in the heliosphere, obtaining solar wind parameter ranges by studying the in situ observations at a similar phase in the following solar cycle, i.e. in 2003. The one spectral feature which is consistent with an unblended, isolated line is coincident with the hydrogenic oxygen Balmer gamma (n=5 to 2) transition, which should be strongly pumped by charge exchange. C1 [Edgar, Richard J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sanders, Wilton T.] NASA, HQ, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Smith, Randall K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morgenthaler, Jeffrey P.] Planetary Sci Inst, Ft Kent, ME 04743 USA. RP Edgar, RJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NASA [NAS8-03060]; Chandra X-ray Center at SAO FX We thank the ACE SWEPAM and SWICS instrument teams and the ACE Science Center for the use of data from these instruments. Sunspot data were obtained from SIDC, RWC Belgium, World Data Center for the Sunspot Index, Royal Observatory of Belgium. RJE acknowledges support from NASA contract NAS8-03060 (the Chandra X-ray Center) at SAO. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0693-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1156 BP 24 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BNE30 UT WOS:000274259900003 ER PT S AU Koutroumpa, D Lallement, R Kharchenko, V AF Koutroumpa, Dimitra Lallement, Rosine Kharchenko, Vasili BE Kuntz, KD Smith, RK Snowden, SL TI The Spectrum of the Solar Wind Charge Exchange Emission: Contribution to the Soft X-ray Background SO LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Local Bubble and Beyond CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, XMM-Newton Guest Observer Fac DE SWCX; Heliosphere; SXRB; ISM; Local Bubble ID LOCAL BUBBLE; GAS; NEUTRALS; IONS AB Solar Wind Charge-Exchange (SWCX) is nowadays recognised as a non-negligible source of soft X-ray emission, contributing to an unknown degree to the diffuse soft X-ray background (SXRB). In this paper, we relate the general characteristics of the SWCX emission spectrum between 0.1 and 1 keV and its contribution to the local interstellar SXRB emission in comparison with the unabsorbed thermal component attributed to the supposedly hot (similar to 10(6) K) Local Bubble. At low galactic latitudes (below similar to 30 degrees) our computed SWCX brightness reaches a level comparable to the observed signal, suggesting the absence or a very low pressure of the hot gas close to the disk. C1 [Koutroumpa, Dimitra; Lallement, Rosine] Univ Paris 06, Univ Versailles St Quentin Yvellines, CNRS, Serv Aeron,IPSL,UMR 7620, Verrieres Le Buisson, France. [Kharchenko, Vasili] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Koutroumpa, D (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Univ Versailles St Quentin Yvellines, CNRS, Serv Aeron,IPSL,UMR 7620, Verrieres Le Buisson, France. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0693-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1156 BP 62 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BNE30 UT WOS:000274259900007 ER PT S AU Wargelin, BJ Juda, M Slavin, JD AF Wargelin, B. J. Juda, M. Slavin, J. D. BE Kuntz, KD Smith, RK Snowden, SL TI Separating Local and Cosmic Soft X-ray Emission in the Chandra Deep Field-South SO LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Local Bubble and Beyond CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NASA , Goddard Space Flight Ctr, XMM-Newton Guest Observer Fac DE X-ray background; charge exchange; solar wind cycle ID SUN AB The Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S) observing program, comprising 2 Ms of data collected near Solar Maximum (1999 and 2000) and during Solar Minimum (2007), provides a uniquely rich and informative data set for investigation of solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) and the soft X-ray background (SXRB). When combined with data on solar wind composition from the ACE satellite, these observations permit studies of the effects of solar wind stratification (fast versus slow wind) and viewing geometry (through the heliosphere and geocorona) on SWCX emission. We discuss preliminary results from our analysis of these data, including an upper limit on the true cosmic (non-SWCX) SXRB in the 3/4-keV band in the direction of the CDF-S. C1 [Wargelin, B. J.; Juda, M.; Slavin, J. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wargelin, BJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0693-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1156 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BNE30 UT WOS:000274259900009 ER PT S AU Slavin, JD AF Slavin, Jonathan D. BE Kuntz, KD Smith, RK Snowden, SL TI The Most Local Interstellar Medium SO LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Local Bubble and Beyond CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NASA , Goddard Space Flight Ctr, XMM-Newton Guest Observer Fac DE ISM: clouds; ISM: bubbles; X-rays: diffuse background ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION-FIELD; MAGNETIC-FIELD; IONIZATION; CLOUDS; GAS; TEMPERATURES; PARAMETERS; DENSITIES; HELIUM; HE AB Coming between the Earth and the Local Bubble is the warm, low density cloud that surrounds our Solar System. That cloud, one of the complex of local interstellar clouds, may provide us with important clues as to the nature of the Local Bubble that are difficult to get directly. An example is the pressure of the cloud, which is well below that found for the Local Bubble from models for soft X-ray background. The ionization of the cloud can give us information on the local ionizing radiation field, which, because of the lack of nearby O stars, may be dominated by diffuse emission. We discuss what is known, speculated about and unknown about the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC) and other nearby clouds and what that can tells us about the Local Bubble. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Slavin, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 83, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Slavin, Jonathan/0000-0002-7597-6935 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0693-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1156 BP 162 EP 173 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BNE30 UT WOS:000274259900021 ER PT S AU Plucinsky, PP AF Plucinsky, P. P. BE Kuntz, KD Smith, RK Snowden, SL TI The Monogem Ring: A Nearby SNR Similar to the Local Bubble ? SO LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Local Bubble and Beyond CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NASA , Goddard Space Flight Ctr, XMM-Newton Guest Observer Fac DE Supernova Remnants; X-ray Background ID PSR B0656+14; RAY-SPECTRUM AB The "Monogem Ring" is a large (D similar to 25.0 degrees), old (t similar to 1.0 x 10(5) yr) supernova remnant (SNR) located above the Galactic plane close to the anti-center direction. The Monogem Ring (MR) has a very soft X-ray spectrum and is one of the most prominent features in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey RI +R2 Band (100-284 eV) map. The MR has been associated with the pulsar PSR 0656+14, which has a well-constrained distance from parallax measurements. Adopting a distance of 300 pc, we have modeled the MR as the remnant of a single SNe with an explosion energy of E(o) = 0.2 x 10(51) ergs, an initial ambient density of 5.2 x 10(-3)cm(-3), and an age of 8.6 x 10(4) yr. Comparison to multiple-SNe models of the Local Bubble indicate that the MR is a younger, less energetic explosion which went off in a lower density medium. We also present the first Suzaku spectrum of the MR ring which is consistent with a low-temperature (kT=0.20 keV) plasma close to ionization equilibrium with a sub-solar O abundance. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Plucinsky, PP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS-70,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0693-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1156 BP 231 EP 235 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BNE30 UT WOS:000274259900029 ER PT S AU Gaetz, TJ Edgar, RJ Plucinsky, PP Smith, RK Haverkorn, M Sankrit, R Aschenbach, B AF Gaetz, Terrance J. Edgar, Richard J. Plucinsky, Paul P. Smith, Randall K. Haverkorn, Marijke Sankrit, Ravi Aschenbach, Bernd BE Kuntz, KD Smith, RK Snowden, SL TI X-ray Observations of the Vela Supernova Remnant Ejecta Fragments SO LOCAL BUBBLE AND BEYOND II SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Local Bubble and Beyond CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, XMM-Newton Guest Observer Fac DE Supernova Remnants ID CASSIOPEIA-A; SHRAPNEL-A; SPECTROSCOPY; DISTANCE; PULSAR AB The Vela Supernova remnant (SNR) is one of the nearest SNRs. At an estimated distance of similar to 250 pc, it is likely just beyond the edge of the local bubble and there seems to be no direct evidence of interaction with the bubble. The SNR is in a complex environment, though. It is notably brighter and more sharply defined to the east and north, but much fainter and less ordered in the west and south. The age of the SNR is estimated to be similar to 11000 years, based on the spin-down rate of its associated pulsar, but ages as large as 20000-30000 years have also been argued. This SNR is also notable for a number of protrusions extending well beyond its rim, which were suggested to be fragments of ejecta from the supernova explosion. X-ray spectroscopy has since confirmed several of these protrusions to indeed be strongly enriched with ejecta. We present initial results based on the XMM-Newton and Suzaku X-ray observations of two these ejecta fragments. C1 [Gaetz, Terrance J.; Edgar, Richard J.; Plucinsky, Paul P.; Smith, Randall K.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Haverkorn, Marijke] Univ Calif Berkeley, NRAO Jansky Fellow, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sankrit, Ravi] Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aschenbach, Bernd] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85478 Garching, Germany. RP Gaetz, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NASA [NNX06AE40G, NNX07AF67G, NAS8-03060] FX This work was supported by NASA grants NNX06AE40G and NNX07AF67G, and by NASA contract NAS8-03060. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0693-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1156 BP 236 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BNE30 UT WOS:000274259900030 ER PT B AU Venturi, T Giacintucci, S Cassano, R Brunetti, G Dallacasa, D Macario, G Setti, G Bardelli, S Athreya, R AF Venturi, T. Giacintucci, S. Cassano, R. Brunetti, G. Dallacasa, D. Macario, G. Setti, G. Bardelli, S. Athreya, R. BE Saikia, DJ Green, DA Gupta, Y Venturi, T TI The GMRT Radio Halo Survey and Low Frequency Follow-up SO LOW-FREQUENCY RADIO UNIVERSE: AN EVENT COMMEMORATING THE BIRTH CENTENARY OF DR. HOMI J. BHABHA SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference and Workshop on the Low-Frequency Radio Universe CY DEC 08-12, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune, INDIA HO Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys ID BRIGHTEST CLUSTER SAMPLE; GALAXY CLUSTERS; REACCELERATION; EMISSION; ACCELERATION; STATISTICS; MODEL; COMA AB The GMRT Radio Halo Survey, carried out at 610 MHz to investigate the statistical properties of cluster radio halos in a complete cluster sample selected in the redshift interval z=0.2-0.4, has significantly improved our understanding of the origin of cluster radio halos and relics. Here we briefly summarize the most relevant results of our investigation. A low frequency follow up is in progress with the GMRT at 325 MHz and 240 MHz on the diffuse sources and candidates found at 610 MHz. We briefly report some preliminary results on these low frequency observations. Cluster radio halos with different radio spectral properties have been unexpectedly found. C1 [Venturi, T.; Cassano, R.; Brunetti, G.; Macario, G.] CNR, Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Giacintucci, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Dallacasa, D.; Setti, G.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Bardelli, S.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, Bologna, Italy. [Athreya, R.] TIFR, NCRA, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Venturi, T (reprint author), CNR, Ist Radioastron, INAF, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RI Bardelli, Sandro/O-9369-2015 OI Bardelli, Sandro/0000-0002-8900-0298 FU ASI-INAF [I/088/06/0]; PRIN-INAF FX We thank N. Kantharia and the GMRT staff for their help during the observations. GMRT is run by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. We acknowledge contribution from grants ASI-INAF I/088/06/0 and PRIN-INAF 2007. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-694-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 407 BP 232 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQJ77 UT WOS:000281190500043 ER PT B AU Raychaudhury, S Giacintucci, S O'Sullivan, E Vrtilek, J Croston, J Athreya, R David, L Venturi, T AF Raychaudhury, Somak Giacintucci, Simona O'Sullivan, Ewan Vrtilek, Jan Croston, Judith Athreya, Ramana David, Larry Venturi, Tiziana BE Saikia, DJ Green, DA Gupta, Y Venturi, T TI AGN Feedback in Groups and Clusters of Galaxies SO LOW-FREQUENCY RADIO UNIVERSE: AN EVENT COMMEMORATING THE BIRTH CENTENARY OF DR. HOMI J. BHABHA SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference and Workshop on the Low-Frequency Radio Universe CY DEC 08-12, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune, INDIA HO Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys ID RADIO AB The lack of very cool gas at the cores of groups and clusters of galaxies, even where the cooling time is significantly shorter than the Hubble time, has been interpreted as evidence of sources that re-heat the intergalactic medium. Most studies of rich clusters adopt AGN feedback to be this source of heating. From ongoing GMRT projects involving clusters and groups, we demonstrate how low-frequency GMRT radio observations, together with Chandra/XMM-Newton X-ray data, present a unique insight into the nature of feedback, and of the energy transfer between the AGN and the IGM. C1 [Raychaudhury, Somak] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Giacintucci, Simona; O'Sullivan, Ewan; Vrtilek, Jan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Croston, Judith] Univ Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Athreya, Ramana] NCRA TIFR, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Venturi, Tiziana] INAF, Ist Radioastronomia, Bologna, Italy. RP Raychaudhury, S (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-694-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 407 BP 246 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQJ77 UT WOS:000281190500046 ER PT B AU O'Sullivan, E Giacintucci, S Vrtilek, JM Raychaudhury, S Athreya, R Venturi, T David, LP AF O'Sullivan, E. Giacintucci, S. Vrtilek, J. M. Raychaudhury, S. Athreya, R. Venturi, T. David, L. P. BE Saikia, DJ Green, DA Gupta, Y Venturi, T TI A Joint GMRT/X-ray Study of Galaxy Groups SO LOW-FREQUENCY RADIO UNIVERSE: AN EVENT COMMEMORATING THE BIRTH CENTENARY OF DR. HOMI J. BHABHA SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference and Workshop on the Low-Frequency Radio Universe CY DEC 08-12, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune, INDIA HO Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys ID STEPHANS QUINTET; GAS AB We present results from combined low frequency radio and X ray studies of nearby galaxy groups. We consider two main areas: firstly, the evolutionary process from spiral dominated, Hi rich groups to elliptical dominated systems with hot, X ray emitting gas halos; secondly, the mechanism of AGN feedback which appears to balance radiative cooling of the hot halos of evolved groups. The combination of radio and X ray observations provides a powerful tool for these studies, allowing examination of gas in both hot and cool phases, and of the effects of shock heating and AGN outbursts. Low-frequency radio data are effective in detecting older and less energetic electron populations and are therefore vital for the determination of the energetics and history of such events. We present results from our ongoing study of Stephan's Quintet, a spiral rich group in which tidal interactions and shock heating appear to be transforming Hi in the galaxies into a diffuse X ray emitting halo, and show examples of AGN feedback from our sample of elliptical dominated groups, where multi band low frequency radio data have proved particularly useful. C1 [O'Sullivan, E.; Giacintucci, S.; Vrtilek, J. M.; David, L. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Raychaudhury, S.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Athreya, R.] NCRA TIFR, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Venturi, T.] INAF IRA, Bologna, Italy. RP O'Sullivan, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NASA through Chandra [G07-8133X-R] FX The authors thank D. J. Saikia and S. Immler for providing access to the GMRT and Swift data for Stephans Quintet. Support for this work was provided by NASA through Chandra Award G07-8133X-R. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-694-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 407 BP 250 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQJ77 UT WOS:000281190500047 ER PT S AU McMahon, JJ Aird, KA Benson, BA Bleem, LE Britton, J Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HS de Haan, T Crawford, TM Crites, AT Datesman, A Dobbs, MA Everettt, W Halverson, NW Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hrubes, D Irwin, KD Joy, M Keisler, R Lanting, TM Lee, AT Leitch, EM Loehr, A Lueker, M Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mohr, JJ Montroy, TE Niemack, MD Ngeow, CC Novosad, V Padin, S Plagge, T Pryke, C Reichardt, C Ruhl, JE Schaffer, KK Shaw, L Shirokoff, E Spieler, HG Stadler, B Stark, AA Staniszewski, Z Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Wang, G Williamson, R Yefremenko, V Yoon, KW Zhan, O Zenteno, A AF McMahon, J. J. Aird, K. A. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Britton, J. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. S. de Haan, T. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Datesman, A. Dobbs, M. A. Everettt, W. Halverson, N. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, D. Irwin, K. D. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Lanting, T. M. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Loehr, A. Lueker, M. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Niemack, M. D. Ngeow, C. C. Novosad, V. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. Ruhl, J. E. Schaffer, K. K. Shaw, L. Shirokoff, E. Spieler, H. G. Stadler, B. Stark, A. A. Staniszewski, Z. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Wang, G. Williamson, R. Yefremenko, V. Yoon, K. W. Zhan, O. Zenteno, A. BE Cabrera, B Miller, A Young, B TI SPTpol: an instrument for CMB polarization SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS LTD 13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Phys Dept, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, US DOE, SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Calif Inst Technol, Jet Propuls Lab, Lockheed Martin Corp, Apple DE Polarimetry; transition-edge sensors; bolometers; cosmic microwave background; cosmology ID POWER SPECTRA; 2003 FLIGHT; MICROWAVE; BOOMERANG AB SPTpol will consist of an 850 element polarization sensitive bolometric camera deployed to the South Pole Telescope in late 2011. This camera is optimized for measurement of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background with arcminute resolution. These measurements will be used to constrain neutrino masses and to constrain the amplitude of gravitational waves from inflation. The camera includes two detector architectures that observe in two different frequency bands. At 150 GHz, SPTpol will use 650 feedhorn-coupled TES polarimeters fabricated at NIST. At 90 GHz, it will use 200 absorber-coupled polarimeters developed at Argonne National Lab. The NIST pixels will be coupled to the telescope using a monolithic array of corrugated feeds and the Argonne devices will be coupled with individually machined contoured feeds. The entire focal plane will be readout using a digital frequency-domain multiplexer system. We provide an overview of the project, describe the detectors and discuss the design of this system. C1 [McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Aird, K. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Everettt, W.; Hrubes, D.; Keisler, R.; Vieira, J. D.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Britton, J.; Cho, H. S.; Irwin, K. D.; Niemack, M. D.; Yoon, K. W.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Leitch, E. M.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M. A.; Holder, G. P.; Lanting, T. M.; Shaw, L.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Datesman, A.; Novosad, V.; Wang, G.; Yefremenko, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, MSD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Plagge, T.; Reichardt, C.; Shirokoff, E.; Zhan, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Joy, M.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Loehr, A.; Stadler, B.; Stark, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mohr, J. J.; Ngeow, C. C.; Zenteno, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mohr, J. J.; Ngeow, C. C.; Zenteno, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Spieler, H. G.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McMahon, JJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347; Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169 NR 24 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0751-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1185 BP 511 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BQR05 UT WOS:000281588500114 ER PT S AU Wachman, G Khardon, R Protopapas, P Alcock, CR AF Wachman, Gabriel Khardon, Roni Protopapas, Pavlos Alcock, Charles R. BE Buntine, W Grobelnik, M Mladenic, D ShaweTaylor, J TI Kernels for Periodic Time Series Arising in Astronomy SO MACHINE LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY IN DATABASES, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML)/European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (PKDD) CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bled, SLOVENIA SP Inst Jozef Stefan, Pascal2, Google, Microsoft Res, Yahoo Res, QUINTELLIGENCE, LABS hp, ACTIVE, Machine Learning, Data Min & Knowledge Discovery, Nokia ID MACHO PROJECT; VARIABLE-STARS; CLASSIFICATION AB We present a method for applying machine learning algorithms to the automatic classification of astronomy star surveys rising time series of star brightness. Currently such classification requires a large amount of domain expert time. We show that a combination of phase invariant similarity and explicit features extracted from the time series provide domain export level classification. To facilitate, this application, we investigate the cross-correlation as a general phase invariant similarity function for time series. We establish several theoretical properties of cross-correlation showing that it is intuitively appealing and algorithmically tractable, but not positive semidefinite, and therefore not generally applicable with kernel methods. As a, solution we introduce a positive semidefinite similarity function with the same intuitive appeal as cross-correlation. An experimental evaluation in the astronomy domain as well as several other data, sets demonstrates the performance of the kernel and related similarity functions. C1 [Wachman, Gabriel; Khardon, Roni] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Protopapas, Pavlos; Alcock, Charles R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Protopapas, Pavlos] Harvard Initiat Innovat Comp, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Wachman, G (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM gwachm01@cs.tufts.edu; roni@cs.tufts.edu; pprotopapas@cfa.harvard.edu; calcock@cfa.harvard.edu FU NSF [IIS-080340]; FAS Kernels for Periodic Time Series Arising in Astronomy Research Computing Group at Harvard [503] FX This research was partly supported by NSF grant IIS-080340. The experiments in this paper were performed on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Kernels for Periodic Time Series Arising in Astronomy 503 Research Computing Group at Harvard. We gratefully acknowledge Xiaoyue (Elaine) Wang, Lexiang Ye, Chotirat Ratanamahatana and Eamonn Keogh for creating the UCR Time Series Classification data repository, and for providing us with the shape data sets. We would also like to thank the Harvard Initiative in Innovative Computing for research space and computing facilities. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-04173-0 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2009 VL 5782 BP 489 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMF17 UT WOS:000272076400032 ER PT B AU Zeder, MA AF Zeder, Melinda A. BE Prentiss, AM Kuijt, I Chatters, JC TI Evolutionary Biology and the Emergence of Agriculture: The Value of Co-opted Models of Evolution in the Study of Culture Change SO MACROEVOLUTION IN HUMAN PREHISTORY: EVOLUTIONARY THEORY AND PROCESSUAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 70th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-American-Archaeology CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Soc Amer Archaeol ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA ANALYSIS; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; GOATS CAPRA-HIRCUS; NEAR-EAST; SOUTHERN LEVANT; SUBSISTENCE TRANSITIONS; PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM; INITIAL DOMESTICATION; PIG DOMESTICATION; JORDAN VALLEY C1 [Zeder, Melinda A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Archaeobiol Program, Natl Museum Man,NW,Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM zederm@si.edu NR 274 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0681-6 PY 2009 BP 157 EP 210 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0682-3_7 PG 54 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA BRE72 UT WOS:000282527500007 ER PT S AU Besla, G Kallivayalil, N Hernquist, L van der Marel, RP Cox, TJ Robertson, B Alcock, C AF Besla, Gurtina Kallivayalil, Nitya Hernquist, Lars van der Marel, Roeland P. Cox, T. J. Robertson, Brant Alcock, Charles BE VanLoon, JT Oliveira, JM TI The binarity of the Clouds and the formation of the Magellanic Stream SO MAGELLANIC SYSTEM: STARS, GAS, AND GALAXIES SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 256th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2008 CL Keele Univ, Keele, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union HO Keele Univ DE galaxies: interactions; galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; Magellanic Clouds ID HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS; PROPER MOTION; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB The HST proper motion (PM) measurements of the Clouds leave severe implications for their interaction history with the Milky Way (MW) and with each other. The Clouds are likely oil their first passage about the MW and the SMC's orbit, about the LMC is better described as quasi-periodic rather than circular. Binary L/SMC orbits that; satisfy observational constraints on their mutual interaction history (e.g., the formation of the Magellanic Bridge during a collision between die Clouds similar to 300 Myr ago) can he located within 1 sigma of the mean PMs. However, these binary orbits are not co-located with the Magellanic Stream (MS) when projected on the plane of the sky all(: die line-of-sight, velocity gradient along the LMC's orbit is significantly steeper than that along the MS. These combined results ultimately rule out a purely tidal origin for the MS: tides are ineffective without multiple pericentric passages and call neither decrease the velocity gradient, nor explain the offset stream in a. polar orbit, configuration. Alternatively, rails pressure stripping of an extended gaseous disk may naturally explain the deviation. The offset also suggests that observations of the little-explored region between HA 21(h) raid 23(h) are crucial for characterizing the full extent of the MS. C1 [Besla, Gurtina; Hernquist, Lars; Cox, T. J.; Alcock, Charles] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Besla, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gbesla@cfa.harvard.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88987-2 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 256 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1017/S1743921308028317 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJH53 UT WOS:000265876800014 ER PT S AU Antoniou, V Zezas, A Hatzidimitriou, D AF Antoniou, Vallia Zezas, Andreas Hatzidimitriou, Despina BE VanLoon, JT Oliveira, JM TI A comprehensive study of the link between star-formation history and X-ray source populations in the SMC SO MAGELLANIC SYSTEM: STARS, GAS, AND GALAXIES SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 256th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2008 CL Keele Univ, Keele, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union HO Keele Univ DE stars: emission-line; Be; stars: formation; galaxies: individual (SMC); Magellanic Clouds; X-rays: binaries ID SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; BINARIES; METALLICITY; CATALOG AB Using Chandra, XMM-Newton and optical photometric catalogs we study the young X-ray binary (XRB) populations of Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We find that the Be/X-ray binaries (Be-XRBs) are observed in regions with star-formation (SF) rate bursts similar to 30-70 Myr ago, which coincides with the age of maximum Be-star formation, while regions with strong but more recent SF (e.g., the Wing) are deficient in Be-XRBs. Using the 2dF spectrograph of the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) we have obtained optical spectra of 20 High-Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs) in the SMC. All of these sources were proved to be Be-XRBs. Similar spectral-type distributions of Be-XRBs and Be field stars in the SMC have been found. On the other hand, the Be-XRBs in the Galaxy follow a different distribution than the isolated Be stars in the Galaxy, in agreement with previous studies. C1 [Antoniou, Vallia; Zezas, Andreas] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Antoniou, V (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM vantoniou@cfa.harvard.edu RI Antoniou, Vallia/E-3837-2013 OI Antoniou, Vallia/0000-0001-7539-1593 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88987-2 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 256 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1017/S1743921308028706 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJH53 UT WOS:000265876800049 ER PT J AU Cairns, SD AF Cairns, Stephen D. TI Influence of Frederick (Ted) M. Bayer on deep-water octocoral research SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Octocorals; F. M. Bayer; Bioillustrations; Calcaxonia ID COELENTERATA; PRIMNOIDAE; ANTHOZOA AB The impact of Ted Bayer's research on octocorals was extraordinary and his studies will long be used by any student of the group Octocorallia. He leaves behind a legacy of 107 published papers on octocorals, in which he newly described 4 families, 1 subfamily, 48 genera, 2 subgenera, 186 species, and 10 subspecies. An annotated list of his new taxa and all of his manuscripts (including 9 unpublished) are given in an electronic supplement. Although he published on most octocoral families, his favorite groups were the deep-water calcaxonian families from the western Atlantic, central Pacific, and Antarctic; he was also an expert on the precious coral family Coralliidae. He facilitated the study of the subclass by publishing classifications of the higher taxa, an illustrated trilingual glossary of morphological terms, a key to all genera (exclusive of the Pennatulacea), and an annotated bibliography of the literature of the group. He was the first to use scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of sclerites to describe species, and perfected that technique in the use of SEM stereo pairs. He also made a significant contribution to advances in the knowledge of octocoral axial microstructure, proving that all gorgoniids have a diagnostic type of axial mineralogy. He interacted with and influenced virtually every octocoral worker in the last half of the twentieth century, co-authoring with many of them. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Cairns, SD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM cairnss@si.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 397 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.3354/meps08066 PG 4 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 548MV UT WOS:000273968400002 ER PT J AU Arthur, KE Paul, VJ Paerl, HW O'Neil, JM Joyner, J Meickle, T AF Arthur, Karen E. Paul, Valerie J. Paerl, Hans W. O'Neil, Judith M. Joyner, Jennifer Meickle, Theresa TI Effects of nutrient enrichment of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp on growth, secondary metabolite concentration and feeding by the specialist grazer Stylocheilus striatus SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Lyngbya polychroa; Microcolins; Cyanobacterium; Stylocheilus striatus; Nutrient enrichment; Trade-off; Florida ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; FARLOW EX GOMONT; NITROGEN-FIXATION; MORETON BAY; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; MARINE CYANOBACTERIUM; OPISTHOBRANCH MOLLUSK; MICROCOLIN-A; MAJUSCULA; EUTROPHICATION AB Harmful blooms of the benthic cyanobacteria Lyngbya spp. are increasing in coastal marine habitats. Nutrient enrichment has been implicated in bloom formation; however, the effects of nutrient enrichment on secondary metabolite concentrations and the resulting palatability of Lyngbya spp. are not known. Using nutrient bioassays, we examined the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and chelated iron (Fe) on growth and secondary metabolite concentration in Lyngbya sp. collected from reefs in Broward County, Florida. The consequences of these nutrient additions on feeding behavior of a major specialist opisthobranch grazer, Stylocheilus striatus, were examined. Chelated Fe additions (+FeEDTA) significantly increased Lyngbya sp. growth, while additions of N, P and chelated Fe combined (+All) resulted in significantly lower concentrations of microcolin A than in the control. Overall, there was a negative correlation between growth and total concentrations of microcolins A and B. When crude extracts from the control, +FeEDTA and +All treatments of the Lyngbya sp. bioassay were offered to S. striatus in artificial food, they consumed greater quantities of the control and +FeEDTA treatments than the +All. These results provide the first evidence that changes in nutrient availability can affect secondary metabolite concentrations in marine Lyngbya spp. and support previous studies that show that Fe can stimulate growth in benthic marine cyanobacteria. This study also demonstrates quantifiable changes in feeding behavior by a specialist grazer in response to changes in the nutrient conditions under which Lyngbya sp. grows and underscores the need to consider secondary metabolite concentrations, and their effect on grazers, when managing harmful algal blooms. C1 [Arthur, Karen E.; Paul, Valerie J.; Meickle, Theresa] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Paerl, Hans W.; Joyner, Jennifer] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [O'Neil, Judith M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RP Arthur, KE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680 East West Ave, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM arthur4@hawaii.edu RI Arthur, Karen/A-3089-2012; O'Neil, Judith/F-9024-2013 OI O'Neil, Judith/0000-0002-7697-5299 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA05NOS4781194]; Smithsonian Marine Station; D. and U. Blackburn; Smithsonian Marine Station [800]; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science [4340] FX This research was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ECO-HAB program (the Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms), project NA05NOS4781194. K.E.A. was supported by a Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce Post-doctoral Fellowship and received additional support from D. and U. Blackburn. The authors gratefully acknowledge use of NMR spectrometers at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University. Ambient N and P concentrations were provided by Broward County Environmental Protection and Growth Management Department. The authors thank R. Ritson-Williams for guidance in quantification of microcolins and use of in situ Lyngbya sp. photographs, R. Ritson-Williams, W. Lee and L. Spiers for helpful field assistance, and A. Capper for statistical advice and comments on an earlier version of this manuscript, The authors acknowledge D. Dodge and other scientific staff at Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center for use of their facilities whilst running the bioassay. This represents contribution #800 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce and contribution #4340 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 394 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.3354/meps08311 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 535KA UT WOS:000272965900007 ER PT J AU Blakeslee, AMH Keogh, CL Byers, JE Kuris, AM Lafferty, KD Torchin, ME AF Blakeslee, April M. H. Keogh, Carolyn L. Byers, James E. Kuris, Armand M. Lafferty, Kevin D. Torchin, Mark E. TI Differential escape from parasites by two competing introduced crabs SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Carcinus maenas; Hemigrapsus sanguineus; Introduced species; Parasite richness; Parasite prevalence ID ASIAN SHORE CRAB; HEMIGRAPSUS-SANGUINEUS; CARCINUS-MAENAS; RHIZOCEPHALAN BARNACLE; METACERCARIAE DIGENEA; INVASIVE PREDATOR; SPECIES RICHNESS; MARINE ORGANISMS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; BLUE MUSSEL AB Although introduced species often interact with one another in their novel communities, the role of parasites in these interactions remains less clear. We examined parasite richness and prevalence in 2 shorecrab species with different invasion histories and residency times in an introduced region where their distributions overlap broadly. On the northeastern coast of the USA, the Asian shorecrab Hemigrapsus sanguineus was discovered 20 yr ago, while the European green crab Carcinus maenas has been established for over 200 yr. We used literature and field surveys to evaluate parasitism in both crabs in their native and introduced ranges. We found only 1 parasite species infecting H. sanguineus on the US East Coast compared to 6 species in its native range, while C. maenas was host to 3 parasite species on the East Coast compared to 10 in its native range. The prevalence of parasite infection was also lower for both crabs in the introduced range compared to their native ranges; however, the difference was almost twice as much for H. sanguineus as for C.maenas. There are several explanations that could contribute to C. maenas' greater parasite diversity than that of H. sanguineus on the US East Coast, including differences in susceptibility, time since introduction, manner of introduction (vector), distance from native range, taxonomic isolation, and the potential for parasite identification bias. Our study underscores not just that non-native species lose parasites upon introduction, but that they may do so differentially, with ramifications for their direct interactions and with potential community-level influences. C1 [Blakeslee, April M. H.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Marine Invas Lab, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Keogh, Carolyn L.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Byers, James E.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kuris, Armand M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lafferty, Kevin D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Torchin, Mark E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Blakeslee, AMH (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Marine Invas Lab, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM blakesleea@si.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 FU CSIRO Australia Marine Division; National Sea Grant College Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); US Department of Commerce [NA06RG0142]; California Sea Grant College System [R/CZ162]; California State Resources Agency, and by the NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program [NSF DEB0224565]; Global Invasions Network NSF RCN [DEB-0541673] FX We thank I. Altman, M. Blakeslee, J, Carlton, J. Dijkstra, C. Hamer, R. Hechinger, R. Houghton, R. Seeley, G. Vazquez-Prokopec, the Shoals Marine Lab, the 2007 SML REU students, and the SERC Marine Invasions lab. A.M.H.B. and C.L.K. were funded by the Isles of Shoals NSF REU program. A.M.K. and K.D.L. were funded by the following sources: CSIRO Australia Marine Division, the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), US Department of Commerce under grant number NA06RG0142, project number R/CZ162, through the California Sea Grant College System, and in part by the California State Resources Agency, and by the NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program (NSF DEB0224565). Collaboration on this work was also facilitated by the Global Invasions Network NSF RCN DEB-0541673. NR 69 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 393 BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.3354/meps08225 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 525BJ UT WOS:000272187800008 ER PT J AU Moe, B Stempniewicz, L Jakubas, D Angelier, F Chastel, O Dinessen, F Gabrielsen, GW Hanssen, F Karnovsky, NJ Ronning, B Welcker, J Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K Bech, C AF Moe, Borge Stempniewicz, Lech Jakubas, Dariusz Angelier, Frederic Chastel, Olivier Dinessen, Frode Gabrielsen, Geir W. Hanssen, Frank Karnovsky, Nina J. Ronning, Bernt Welcker, Jorg Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Katarzyna Bech, Claus TI Climate change and phenological responses of two seabird species breeding in the high-Arctic SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Phenology; Climate change; Seabirds; Match-mismatch; Svalbard; Sea ice; Temperature; Timing of breeding ID DOVEKIES ALLE-ALLE; PINK-FOOTED GEESE; OCEAN CLIMATE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FISH POPULATIONS; ICE CONDITIONS; NORTH WATER; MARINE BIRD; URIA-LOMVIA; IMPACT AB The timing of breeding is a life-history trait that can greatly affect fitness, because successful reproduction depends on the match between the food requirements for raising young and the seasonal peak in food availability. We an alysed phenology (hatch dates) in relation to climate change for 2 seabird species breeding in the high-Arctic, little auks Alle alle and black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla, for the periods 1963-2008 and 1970-2008, respectively. We show that spring climate has changed during the study period, with a strong increase in both air temperature (TEMP) and sea surface temperature (SST) and a decrease in sea ice concentration. Little auks showed a trend for earlier breeding over the study period, while kittimakes showed a non-significant trend for later breeding, demonstrating different phenological responses in these 2 species. Little auks and kittiwakes adjusted their timing of breeding to different environmental signals. Spring TEMP was the best predictor of little auk phenology, with a significant negative effect. Spring SST was the strongest predictor of kittiwake phenology, with a non-significant negative effect. Spring sea ice concentration and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) winter index had a low relative variable importance. Furthermore, in kittiwakes, years with late breeding were associated with low clutch size and mean annual breeding success, indicating poor investment and food availability. This study identifies some spring environmental factors important for regulating the timing of breeding in the high-Arctic, most likely through effects on snow cover limiting access to nest sites and the development of the polar marine food web. It remains to be investigated whether environmental factors are reliable predictors of marine prey phenology, and whether the decision to start breeding is constrained by food availability. C1 [Moe, Borge; Ronning, Bernt; Bech, Claus] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Moe, Borge] Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, Div Arctic Ecol, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Stempniewicz, Lech; Jakubas, Dariusz; Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Katarzyna] Univ Gdansk, Dept Vertebrate Ecol & Zool, PL-80441 Gdansk, Poland. [Angelier, Frederic; Chastel, Olivier] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France. [Angelier, Frederic] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Dinessen, Frode] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, N-9293 Tromso, Norway. [Gabrielsen, Geir W.; Welcker, Jorg] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Hanssen, Frank] Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Karnovsky, Nina J.] Pomona Coll, Dept Biol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Moe, B (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM borge.moe@nina.no RI Bech, Claus/C-1086-2011; Jakubas, Dariusz/L-9660-2015; Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Katarzyna/L-9785-2015; Moe, Borge/P-2946-2015 OI Bech, Claus/0000-0002-0860-0663; Jakubas, Dariusz/0000-0002-1879-4342; Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Katarzyna/0000-0001-6230-0509; Moe, Borge/0000-0002-2306-1899 FU Norwegian Research Council; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Institut Paul-Emile Victor; CNRS/Region PoitouCharentes; National Science Foundation FX Permission to do field work was granted by the Governor of Svalbard. We thank all field workers and the staff at the Polish Polar Station in Hornsund (Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Science), Sverdrup Station (Norwegian Polar Institute) and Rabot Station (Institut PaulEmile Victor) in Ny-Alesund. We thank D. Puczko for preparation of meteorological data from Hornsund and C. Barbraud, I. Herfindal, H. Sandvik and BJ. BArdsen for comments on the manuscript. M, Frederiksen and 3 anonymous referees provided constructive comments that improved this manuscript. C.B., B.M., B.R., J.W. and G.W.G. were supported by the Norwegian Research Council and by 'Arktisstipend'. L.S., D.J. and K.W. were supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. O.C. and F.A. were supported by the Institut Paul-Emile Victor and by CNRS/Region PoitouCharentes. N.K. was supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 59 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 73 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 393 BP 235 EP 246 DI 10.3354/meps08222 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 525BJ UT WOS:000272187800020 ER PT J AU Murphy, KR Boehme, JR Noble, M Smith, G Ruiz, GM AF Murphy, Kathleen R. Boehme, Jennifer R. Noble, Monaca Smith, George Ruiz, Gregory M. TI Deducing ballast water sources in ships arriving in New Zealand from southeastern Australia SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Ballast water exchange; Tracers; Fluorescence; Trace elements; Shipping; Verification; Aquatic invasive species ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES; PHOSPHORUS CYCLE; COASTAL WATERS; SURFACE WATERS; MARINE; FLUORESCENCE; EXCHANGE; ENVIRONMENTS; VERIFICATION AB The transfer of organisms in ballast water of commercial ships is a leading cause of biological invasions in coastal ecosystems. Ships arriving in New Zealand are now required to treat their ballast water to reduce the risk of transferring invasive aquatic organisms between ports. Most of these ships conduct mid-ocean ballast water exchange (BWE), replacing coastal water with open ocean water, but methods to verify BWE have been lacking. Samples were collected from ballast tanks and the ambient ocean on ships trading between southeastern Australia and New Zealand, to test the use of chemical (chromophoric dissolved organic matter or CDOM, Ba, Mn and P) concentrations to discriminate ballast water sources. Australian ballast water provides a difficult and valuable test case for BWE verification due to its high salinity and low chemical tracer concentrations resulting from Australia's low rainfall and nutrient-poor soils. Our results indicate that elevated CDOM, Ba and Mn were robust tracers of port waters, whereas elevated P was not a diagnostic tracer except of ballast water originating from Port Phillip Bay. Exchanged ballast tanks were diagnosed by CDOM fluorescence below 2.1 (for wavelength pair C2(.) Ex/Em = 320/414 nm) and 1.2 (for wavelength pair C3(.), Ex/Em = 370/494 nm) (quinine sulfate equivalents, QSE), and Ba and Mn concentrations below 5.7 and 3.5 mu g l(-1) respectively. These results are consistent with recent studies in the northern hemisphere, indicating that elevated concentrations of these tracers are robust indicators of unexchanged ballast water. Whereas clear differences existed between port and oceanic signatures, coastal and oceanic samples could not always be distinguished due to precipitously declining tracer concentrations within short distances from land. C1 [Murphy, Kathleen R.; Boehme, Jennifer R.; Noble, Monaca; Smith, George; Ruiz, Gregory M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Murphy, Kathleen R.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Water Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Murphy, KR (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM murphyka@si.edu RI Murphy, Kathleen/B-8217-2009; OI Murphy, Kathleen/0000-0001-5715-3604; Noble, Monaca/0000-0002-0284-5395; Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X FU NZ Ministry of Fisheries [ZBS 2004-01]; US Coast Guard FX L. Jones and A. Bell of MAF Biosecurity New Zealand provided relevant statistics on shipping arrivals. We thank Jebsen's Orient Shipping Services, Blue Crest Shipping Co., and Ership S. A. International for hosting this research on their ships and gratefully acknowledge Captains L. Anamaria, J. Moreno, J. R. Barandiaran Laca, C. Lecias, Jr., and their crews. Sampling assistance was provided by A. Balsom, E. Collinetti, and T. Pascoe. We thank P. Field of the Rutgers Inorganic Analytical Laboratory, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, for trace element analyses and M. Wells for assistance with CDOM analyses at the University of Maine. Funding for this project was provided by the NZ Ministry of Fisheries grant ZBS 2004-01 and the US Coast Guard. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 390 BP 39 EP 53 DI 10.3354/meps08178 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 510QD UT WOS:000271104400004 ER PT J AU Virnstein, RW Hayek, LAC Morris, LJ AF Virnstein, Robert W. Hayek, Lee-Ann C. Morris, Lori J. TI Pulsating patches: a model for the spatial and temporal dynamics of the threatened seagrass Halophila johnsonii SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Halophila johnsonii; Seagrass; Indian River Lagoon; Seagrass transects; Spatial dynamics; Temporal dynamics; Pulsating patches; Effect size; Long-term monitoring ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; FORAMINIFERAL DENSITIES; FLORIDA; COAST AB The Indian River Lagoon (IRL), FL, USA, is arguably the most. biologically diverse estuarine system in the continental USA. An important. part of any marine ecosystem, seagrass beds provide food, habitat, and nursery for both vertebrate and invertebrate inhabitants. Their high productivity and sensitivity to water quality changes make seagrasses primary indicators of overall coastal ecosystem health, Halophila johnsonii (Johnson's seagrass), currently federally listed as a threatened species, is one of the rarest seagrass species, and is found within the IRL usually only approximately between Sebastian and Jupiter Inlets, continuing south to northern Biscayne Bay. Quantitative data for the present study is a Subset of the monitoring of all 7 seagrass species in the IRL starting in 1994 with 1 m(2) quadrats placed every 10 in along each transect from shore to the deep edge of the seagrass bed. The present study reports long-term data for H. johnsonii from the 35 transects within its range in the IRL sampled continuously (summer and winter) from 1994 through 2007. Our objective was to provide insight and to test. hypotheses about the dynamic nature of H. johnsonii. In addition, we developed an index of retrospective effect. size to assess the importance of ecological factors and their interactions as well as to develop a comparative basis for future seagrass studies, This erratic, sparse, but persistent species increased slightly in coverage over time but. with accompanying high variability so that regional stability over time is maintained by local unpredictability. Summer abundance on average appears to follow a 2 to 3 yr increase, then a single year's precipitous decrease over the 14 yr of our summer observations. Based upon the results from this long-term and thorough data set, we propose a new model of asynchronous, 'pulsating patches' in both space and time for describing the long-term Survival strategy of H. johnsonii. C1 [Hayek, Lee-Ann C.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Virnstein, Robert W.; Morris, Lori J.] St Johns River Water Management Dist, Palatka, FL 32178 USA. [Virnstein, Robert W.] Seagrass Ecosyst Analysts, E Palatka, FL 32131 USA. RP Virnstein, RW (reprint author), Seagrass Ecosyst Analysts, 142 Elgin Rd, E Palatka, FL 32131 USA. EM seagrass3@gmail.com FU SEA [15] FX This work would not have been possible without the hard work of the IRL field staff, Particularly L. Hall for her dedication to finding this small species and C. Akers for many hours spent managing the database. J. Miller, L. Battoe, and P. Kinser provided preliminary and helpful reviews. Four anonymous reviewers helped us to avoid many errors and improved the manuscript.. This is SEA contribution no. 15. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 29 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 385 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.3354/meps08039 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 471SO UT WOS:000268078800009 ER PT J AU Hines, AH Long, WC Terwin, JR Thrush, SF AF Hines, Anson H. Long, W. Christopher Terwin, Jeffrey R. Thrush, Simon F. TI Facilitation, interference, and scale: the spatial distribution of prey patches affects predation rates in an estuarine benthic community SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Lag; Aggregation; Interference; Clams; Blue crabs; Predator-prey interaction; Spatial ecology ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT PREDATION; CRABS CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; BLUE CRABS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MUTUAL INTERFERENCE; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; COMPETITION; BIVALVES; SANDFLAT AB The interaction of prey distribution patterns and predator behavior can mediate predator-prey dynamics. Inter-patch distance (lag) may be especially important in the interacting effects of aggregation and interference among predators on their search and prey-handling ability. Interactions of blue crabs Callinectes sapidus preying upon thin-shelled clams Macoma balthica in Chesapeake Bay provide a test of how the opposing forces of aggregation and interference interact with the spatial distribution of prey patches to influence rates of prey consumption. Blue crabs can detect clam patches from tip to 15 m away using chemosensory cues, and they aggregate on them, thus facilitating predation, but exhibit agonistic behaviors when closer than 5 in to another crab, thus reducing feeding efficiency. We used these patterns of aggregation and interference to modify a generalized functional response model to describe individual crab foraging efficiency as a function of distance between patches, The model predicted highest predation rates at an intermediate lag of 6.6 m. We tested this a priori hypothesis with a set of field experiments wherein prey patches were established with lags of 1, 7, 10, and 50 m. Predation rates were highest. at intermediate lags, as predicted. This work highlights the importance of the interaction between spatial scales and ecological processes, demonstrating that spatial heterogeneity is not. noise that obscures processes, but an active component of the predator-prey dynamic. C1 [Hines, Anson H.; Long, W. Christopher; Terwin, Jeffrey R.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Terwin, Jeffrey R.] N Shore Country Day Sch, Winnetka, IL 60093 USA. [Thrush, Simon F.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Hines, AH (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 617 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM hinesa@si.edu RI Long, William/C-7074-2009; OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245; Thrush, Simon/0000-0002-4005-3882 FU Smithsonian Environmental Sciences program; NSF [OCE9000483]; Disney Wildlife Conservation fund; NSF RTG; Marine Science Network Fellowship from the Smithsonian FX We thank S. Godwin, J. Merritt, and members of the SERC Crablab for field assistance. J. Hewitt, D. Lehrer, and R. Lipcius provided helpful suggestions and discussion. We are grateful to K. Tenore, V. Kennedy, J. Long and 3 anonymous reviewers for critical comments, and to E. Russek-Cohen for statistical advice. The work was funded by grants from the Smithsonian Environmental Sciences program to A.H.H.; NSF Grant OCE9000483 to A.H.H., R. Lipcius, and T. Wolcott; Disney Wildlife Conservation fund to A.H.H. and T, Wolcott; Smithsonian Visiting Scientist Award to S.F.T.; NSF RTG grant to A.H.H. and others. W.C.L. was supported by a Marine Science Network Fellowship from the Smithsonian. S.F.T. thanks the researchers at SERC for their hospitality and friendship. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 385 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.3354/meps08055 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 471SO UT WOS:000268078800011 ER PT J AU Zabin, CJ AF Zabin, Chela J. TI Battle of the barnacle newcomers: niche compression in invading species in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Competition; Barnacle recruitment; Chthamalus proteus; Biological invasions; Balanus ID BALANUS-BALANOIDES; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; INVASION RESISTANCE; ELMINIUS-MODESTUS; INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY; ATLANTIC BARNACLE; SETTLEMENT; POPULATION; DISPLACEMENT; SUCCESSION AB Multiple invasions by ecologically similar species can be viewed as 'natural' addition experiments in which access to key resources might be reduced. Possible outcomes might include: (1) the extirpation of a species already present in the ecosystem, (2) the exclusion of a new invader, or (3) niche compression, with each species using less of the shared resource. Chthamalus proteus, a barnacle that arrived in the Hawaiian Islands similar to 30 yr ago, is now the most abundant and widespread non-native barnacle in the intertidal zone on the island of Oahu. In a series of field experiments, I demonstrate that the abundance of an earlier invader-the larger, faster growing barnacle Balanus reticulatus-is reduced via substrate pre-emption in the zone of overlap between the 2 barnacle species. A third barnacle, Balanus amphitrite, which invaded Hawaii earlier than the other two, is now virtually absent from locations where it was once abundant and where C. proteus is now the numerical dominant. B. amphitrite did not settle on plates from which C. proteus was removed, suggesting that the presence of C. proteus is not the proximal cause of its decline. B. amphitrite is still present on Oahu, particularly in lower salinity settings. While successively invading barnacles have reportedly replaced each other in other locations around the world, it appears that invasive barnacles on Oahu are undergoing niche compression rather than complete replacement. C1 [Zabin, Chela J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Zabin, CJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 3152 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. EM zabinc@si.edu FU National Science Foundation; Edmondson Research Fund FX I thank J. Zardus, B. Newman, C. Matsuda and P. T. Raimondi for helpful discussions on this project; A. D. Taylor for assistance with experimental design and analysis; and the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology for allowing me to set up experiments Linder their pier and to use their microscopes. This work was partly funded by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and the Edmondson Research Fund. All experiments conducted herein comply with US and Hawaii laws. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 381 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.3354/meps07968 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 446VQ UT WOS:000266150000015 ER PT J AU Robertson, DR Cramer, KL AF Robertson, D. Ross Cramer, Katie L. TI Shore fishes and biogeographic subdivisions of the Tropical Eastern Pacific SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Tropical eastern Pacific; Zoogeography; Dispersal barrier; Gulf of California; Isthmus of Panama; Shore fishes; Speciation ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; REEF FISHES; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; CRYPTIC VICARIANCE; OCEAN CURRENTS; SPECIATION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATIONS; DIVERGENCE AB We examined the geographic distributions of 1135 species of resident shore fishes to assess biogeographic subdivision of the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP), which stretches from the Gulf of California to northern Peru. Using hierarchical clustering refined by Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM), we determined geographic groupings in the distributions of the entire fauna, of regional endemics and of 3 functional (habitat) groups of species. We also examined the distributions of local endemics throughout the TEP and how differences in faunal size versus faunal composition among sites contribute to the subdivision pattern. Our results indicate that: (1) the continental coast contains 2 provinces, the Cortez (Gulf of California and lower Pacific Baja) and the Panamic (southward), each of which has a peak in abundance of local endemics and of overall species richness; (2) the northern and southern boundaries of the TEP are located near Magdalena Bay on Baja California (similar to 25 degrees N) and the southern shore of the Gulf of Guayaquil (similar to 4 degrees S), respectively; and (3) the 5 oceanic islands/archipelagos collectively represent a third, Ocean Island Province. Relative to mainland areas, the fauna of the ocean islands is smaller, has a different functional-group composition, and includes more transpacific species and more highly localized endemics. The 3-province pattern probably developed in response to the formation of the Gulf of California, the rise of the Isthmus of Panama, immigration from the north, south and west to the TEP, and differing environmental conditions between and within provinces. In contrast, barriers to dispersal within this geographically simple region are weak and likely had much less influence. C1 [Robertson, D. Ross] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Cramer, Katie L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Robertson, DR (reprint author), STRI, Unit 9100,Box 0948, Dpo, AA 34002 USA. EM drr@stri.org RI Munguia-Vega, Adrian/G-8417-2012 FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX We thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for support, C. Lennert for advice on some of the analyses, and P. Hastings for comments on a draft of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 380 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.3354/meps07925 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 443JW UT WOS:000265907000001 ER PT J AU Roth, MS Knowlton, N AF Roth, M. S. Knowlton, N. TI Distribution, abundance, and microhabitat characterization of small juvenile corals at Palmyra Atoll SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Juvenile corals; Ecology; Distribution; Abundance; Microhabitat; Recruit; Palmyra Atoll ID FLUORESCENCE CENSUS TECHNIQUES; LONG-TERM DECLINE; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; CARIBBEAN CORALS; POSTSETTLEMENT MORTALITY; RECRUITMENT PATTERNS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LIFE-HISTORIES; VIRGIN-ISLANDS AB Juvenile corals are an important component of the population dynamics of corals, but little is known about the ecology and natural history of their early life-history stages. In demographic surveys, small juvenile corals are often grouped with larger and older corals or overlooked entirely due to their small size and cryptic nature. This study describes the distribution, abundance, and microhabitat of small juvenile corals, defined as post-settlement corals <= 5 mm in diameter, at Palmyra Atoll, Central Pacific. A diver-operated pulsating blue tight and filter system was used to enhance innate coral fluorescence during daylight to aid in detecting small juvenile corals. Juvenile densities ranged from 0 to 59.5 m(-2) and were more than 9 times higher on the fore reef (21.9 +/- 0.8 m(-2)) than on the back reef (2.4 +/- 0.3 m(-2)). The highest juvenile densities were observed in the middle of the sampled range at 14 m depth on the fore reef. Juvenile corals accounted for >31 % of coral colonies in all habitats and depths, which resulted in positively skewed size-frequency distributions. The microhabitat of juvenile corals on coral rubble was best described as a convex surface covered with crustose coralline algae that lacked another coral within a 20 mm radius. This study provides basic ecology and natural history information of small juvenile corals and shows the feasibility of surveying corals <= 5 mm in diameter as a method for monitoring coral populations and assessing environmental changes on a coral reef. C1 [Roth, M. S.; Knowlton, N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Knowlton, N.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Roth, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mroth@ucsd.edu FU US Fish and Wildlife Service; Nature Conservancy; Scripps Institution of Oceanography's John Dove Isaacs Professorship of Natural Philosophy (N.K.); National Science Foundation Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Research Training Fellowship (M.S.R.); National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (M.S.R.) FX This research was conducted with support and approval from the US Fish and Wildlife Service and The Nature Conservancy. This research was supported by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography's John Dove Isaacs Professorship of Natural Philosophy (N.K.), a National Science Foundation Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Research Training Fellowship (M.S.R.), and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (M.S.R.). The authors thank J. E. Maragos, T. Konotchick, C. H. Mazel, C. L. Huffard, H. Hamilton, S. A. Sandin, J. E. Smith, and C. McDonald for help in the field or with field equipment, C. N. K. Anderson and K. J. Osborn for help with data analyses and/or figures, and K. L. Marhaver, M. I. Latz, and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 69 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2009 VL 376 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.3354/meps07787 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 416IR UT WOS:000263999900010 ER PT S AU Ruiz, GM Freestone, AL Fofonoff, PW Simkanin, C AF Ruiz, Gregory M. Freestone, Amy L. Fofonoff, Paul W. Simkanin, Christina BE Wahl, M TI Habitat Distribution and Heterogeneity in Marine Invasion Dynamics: the Importance of Hard Substrate and Artificial Structure SO MARINE HARD BOTTOM COMMUNITIES: PATTERNS, DYNAMICS, DIVERSITY, AND CHANGE SE Ecological Studies-Analysis and Synthesis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; RECONCILING PATTERN; SPECIES INVASIONS; RESISTANCE; COMMUNITY; CALIFORNIA; FACILITATE; ECOSYSTEM; PACIFIC; ESTUARY C1 [Ruiz, Gregory M.; Freestone, Amy L.; Fofonoff, Paul W.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Simkanin, Christina] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. RP Ruiz, GM (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM ruizg@si.edu; freestonea@si.edu; fofonoffp@si.edu; simkanin@uvic.ca NR 42 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0070-8356 BN 978-3-540-92703-7 J9 ECOL STUD-ANAL SYNTH JI Ecol. Stud. PY 2009 VL 206 BP 321 EP 332 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-92704-4_23 D2 10.1007/b76710 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BLJ95 UT WOS:000270337900027 ER PT S AU Plaut, JJ Picardi, G Watters, TW Gurnett, DA AF Plaut, J. J. Picardi, G. Watters, T. W. Gurnett, D. A. CA MARSIS Sci Team GP esa TI MARSIS: Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding SO MARS EXPRESS: THE SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS SE ESA Special Publications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MEDUSAE FOSSAE FORMATION; CRUSTAL MAGNETIC-FIELD; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; TOPOGRAPHY; VENUS; ICE AB We report the findings of MARSIS from the first several months of its science operations phase. Subsurface soundings were used to probe the north polar layered deposits to their base, up to 1.8 km deep. The base of the south polar layered deposits was mapped, and the volume of the deposits was measured. Radar penetration was observed in the equatorial Medusae Fossae formation, indicating the presence of low-density material that may include water ice. In the ionospheric sounding mode, several types of echo were observed, ranging from vertical echoes caused by specular reflection from the horizontally stratified ionosphere, to a wide variety of oblique and diffuse echoes. Echoes at the electron plasma frequency and the cyclotron period provide measurements of the local electron density and magnetic field strength. C1 [Plaut, J. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Picardi, G.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Infocom Dept, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Watters, T. W.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Gurnett, D. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Plaut, JJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM plaut@jpl.nasa.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 978-92-9221-975-8 J9 ESA SPEC PUBL PY 2009 BP 97 EP 114 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKX38 UT WOS:000269524400004 ER PT S AU Swann, JP AF Swann, John P. BE Bowler, PJ Pickstone, JV TI THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES SO MODERN BIOLOGICAL AND EARTH SCIENCES SE Cambridge History of Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Swann, John P.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Swann, John P.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX USA. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1358-9830 BN 978-0-521-57201-9 J9 CAM HIS SCI PY 2009 VL 6 BP 126 EP 140 DI 10.1017/CHOL9780521572019.009 PG 15 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BFU32 UT WOS:000321392000009 ER PT B AU Park, SC AF Park, Sharon C. BE Trechsel, HR Bomberg, MT TI Moisture in Historic Buildings and Preservation Guidance SO MOISTURE CONTROL IN BUILDINGS: THE KEY FACTOR IN MOLD PREVENTION, 2ND EDITION SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Park, SC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-7004-9 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2009 IS MNL18 BP 443 EP 463 D2 10.1520/MNL18_2ND-EB PG 21 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BWN61 UT WOS:000294327700023 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Tingay, RE Culver, M Hailer, F Clarke, ML Mindell, DP AF Johnson, Jeff A. Tingay, Ruth E. Culver, Melanie Hailer, Frank Clarke, Michele L. Mindell, David P. TI Long-term survival despite low genetic diversity in the critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; effective population size; genetic diversity; Haliaeetus; Madagascar; microsatellite DNA ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; PREDICTING EXTINCTION RISK; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; HALIAEETUS-VOCIFEROIDES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CONSERVATION GENETICS; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; ISLAND POPULATIONS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM AB The critically endangered Madagascar fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) is considered to be one of the rarest birds of prey globally and at significant risk of extinction. In the most recent census, only 222 adult individuals were recorded with an estimated total breeding population of no more than 100-120 pairs. Here, levels of Madagascar fish-eagle population genetic diversity based on 47 microsatellite loci were compared with its sister species, the African fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer), and 16 of these loci were also characterized in the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Overall, extremely low genetic diversity was observed in the Madagascar fish-eagle compared to other surveyed Haliaeetus species. Determining whether this low diversity is the result of a recent bottleneck or a more historic event has important implications for their conservation. Using a Bayesian coalescent-based method, we show that Madagascar fish-eagles have maintained a small effective population size for hundreds to thousands of years and that its low level of neutral genetic diversity is not the result of a recent bottleneck. Therefore, efforts made to prevent Madagascar fish-eagle extinction should place high priority on maintenance of habitat requirements and reducing direct and indirect human persecution. Given the current rate of deforestation in Madagascar, we further recommend that the population be expanded to occupy a larger geographical distribution. This will help the population persist when exposed to stochastic factors (e.g. climate and disease) that may threaten a species consisting of only 200 adult individuals while inhabiting a rapidly changing landscape. C1 [Johnson, Jeff A.; Tingay, Ruth E.] Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Johnson, Jeff A.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Johnson, Jeff A.] Univ N Texas, Inst Appl Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tingay, Ruth E.] Nat Res Ltd, Banchory AB31 5ZU, Kincardine, Scotland. [Culver, Melanie] Univ Arizona, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hailer, Frank] Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Hailer, Frank] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hailer, Frank] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Clarke, Michele L.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Mindell, David P.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Peregrine Fund, 5668 W Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, ID 83709 USA. EM jajohnson@unt.edu RI Hailer, Frank/C-9114-2012 OI Hailer, Frank/0000-0002-2340-1726 FU Natural Environment Research Council, UK; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden; Alvin's Foundation; The University of Nottingham; The Peregrine Fund; Hawk Mountain Sanctuary; Raptor Research Foundation; Morley Nelson Fellowship; International Osprey Foundation FX We thank Bego a Martinez-Cruz, Jim Groombridge, Bjorn Helander, Libby Mojica, Brian Millsap, Stuart Piertney, Munir Virani, Rick Watson and Lynn Whited for supplying additional blood samples and Mark Beaumont for assistance with our MSVAR analyses. We thank Bill Amos and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Jagroop Pandhal, Deborah Dawson and Mia Olsson provided genotyping assistance. Microsatellite genotyping was performed at the Sheffield Molecular Genetics Facility funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, UK, and at the Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden, funded by Alvin's Foundation. Fieldwork was funded by The University of Nottingham, The Peregrine Fund, Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Raptor Research Foundation, Morley Nelson Fellowship, and the International Osprey Foundation. NR 90 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04012.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 387OU UT WOS:000261962300008 PM 19140964 ER PT J AU Meares, K Dawson, DA Horsburgh, GJ Glenn, TC Jones, KL Braun, MJ Perrin, MR Taylor, TD AF Meares, Kate Dawson, Deborah A. Horsburgh, Gavin J. Glenn, Travis C. Jones, Kenneth L. Braun, Michael J. Perrin, Mike R. Taylor, Tiawanna D. TI Microsatellite loci characterized in three African crane species (Gruidae, Aves) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Aves; blue crane; cross-species utility; Gruidae; Grus; microsatellite AB Forty-three microsatellite loci originally isolated in Grus americana and G. japonensis were tested for polymorphism in the blue crane (G. paradisea). Amplified products were sequenced in the blue crane to aid in the design of blue crane-specific primers. When characterized in 20 unrelated blue crane individuals from South Africa, 14 loci were polymorphic, with each locus displaying between 2 and 7 alleles. Eight polymorphic loci were characterized in the grey-crowned crane (Balearica regulorum) and ten in the wattled crane (G. carunculatus). C1 [Meares, Kate; Dawson, Deborah A.; Horsburgh, Gavin J.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Meares, Kate; Perrin, Mike R.; Taylor, Tiawanna D.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci, ZA-3209 Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. [Glenn, Travis C.; Jones, Kenneth L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Braun, Michael J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Dawson, DA (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. EM D.A.Dawson@Sheffield.ac.uk RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 FU DEFRA Darwin Initiative Award, UK; Smithsonian Institution.; Natural Environment Research Council, UK FX Terry Burke and Alain Frantz provided comments on the manuscript. Andy Krupa provided genotyping advice. The Wildlife Breeding Resources Centre, Pretoria (South Africa), the South African Crane Working Group, the Cape Parrot Working Group, Hans Cheng, Mark Gibbs, Winston Kaye, Jim Mossman, Solomon Muna, Richard Phillips, Kerry Pillay, David Richardson and Pippa Thomson provided blood samples. Funding was provided by a DEFRA Darwin Initiative Award, UK and by the Smithsonian Institution. D.A.D. and G.H. are supported by the Natural Environment Research Council, UK. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 308 EP 311 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02440.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 397RD UT WOS:000262678900076 PM 21564635 ER PT J AU Jha, S Dick, CW AF Jha, Shalene Dick, Christopher W. TI Isolation and characterization of nine microsatellite loci for the tropical understory tree Miconia affinis Wurdack (Melastomataceae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; Miconia; microsatellites; parentage; shade coffee AB We isolated nine microsatellite loci from the Neotropical understorey tree Miconia affinis (Melastomataceae) and optimized them for research on gene flow and genetic structure. Loci screened in 43 individuals from a 2.26-km(2) region were shown to be unlinked and polymorphic, with 5 to 14 alleles per locus and observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.394 to 0.810. C1 [Jha, Shalene; Dick, Christopher W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dick, Christopher W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Jha, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 830 N Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM sjha@umich.edu RI Dick, Christopher/A-8744-2008; Jha, Shalene/B-4271-2012 FU Helen Olson Brower Fellowship at the University of Michigan; National Science Foundation [DEB 043665] FX This project was supported by the Helen Olson Brower Fellowship at the University of Michigan (to S. Jha) and the National Science Foundation (award DEB 043665 to C. Dick). The authors would like to thank Susana Pereira for assistance in the laboratory. The authors would also like to thank the farmers in Nueva Alemania, Chiapas for the permission to collect samples on their land. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 344 EP 345 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02428.x PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 397RD UT WOS:000262678900086 PM 21564645 ER PT J AU Dragoo, JW Coan, KE Moore, KA Henke, SE Fleischer, RC Wisely, SM AF Dragoo, Jerry W. Coan, Kathryn E. Moore, Kristin A. Henke, Scott E. Fleischer, Robert C. Wisely, Samantha M. TI Polymorphic microsatellite markers for the striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis, and other mephitids SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE hog-nosed skunk; hooded skunk; Mephitis mephitis; microsatellite primers; spotted skunk; striped skunk ID SOFTWARE AB We report 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci primers developed for striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), a widespread mesocarnivore in North America. Numbers of alleles in these loci ranged from seven to 14 and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.76 to 1.0. These primers will be useful for studying population dynamics of skunks where rabies is endemic and will be useful to estimate genetic relatedness among females sharing winter dens. Most of these primers amplify across species within the Mephitidae. C1 [Coan, Kathryn E.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Moore, Kristin A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Henke, Scott E.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Wisely, Samantha M.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dragoo, Jerry W.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Dragoo, JW (reprint author), 1 Univ New Mexico, UNM Biol Dept, MSC032020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jdragoo@unm.edu RI Dragoo, Jerry/B-5486-2011 FU NSF; Smithsonian Institution; USDA/APHIS-Wildlife Services; National Wildlife Research Center FX Ann Moore and Melissa Fleming reviewed a draft of this manuscript. Sequences were analysed in the Molecular Biology Facility at UNM. K.E.C. and K.A.M. were supported through problems classes and an NSF grant for Undergraduate Mentoring in Environmental Biology through UNM. Financial support for microsatellite library construction was provided by the Smithsonian Institution. Primer design and development was funded by USDA/APHIS-Wildlife Services, and the National Wildlife Research Center. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 383 EP 385 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02463.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 397RD UT WOS:000262678900098 PM 21564657 ER PT J AU Torres-Carvajal, O de Queiroz, K AF Torres-Carvajal, Omar de Queiroz, Kevin TI Phylogeny of hoplocercine lizards (Squamata: Iguania) with estimates of relative divergence times SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Andes; Chronophylogenetic; Hoplocercinae; Iguanidae; Neotropical; Phylogenetics; Relative divergence times ID TRANSFER-RNA GENES; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; MODEL SELECTION; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; NORTHERN ANDES; TREE SELECTION; MIXTURE MODEL; INFERENCE; SEQUENCE AB Hoplocercine lizards form a clade of 11 currently recognized species traditionally placed in three genera (Enyalioides, Hoplocercus, and Morunasaurus) that occur in the lowlands on both sides of the Andes between Panama and the Brazilian Cerrado. We analyze 11 mitochondrial and two nuclear loci using probabilistic methods and different partitioning strategies to (1) infer the phylogenetic relationships among species of Hoplocercinae, (2) examine amounts of inter- and intraspecific sequence divergence, (3) address monophyly of four species, (4) test previous phylogenetic hypotheses, and (5) estimate divergence times. Our preferred hypothesis places H. spinosus as the sister taxon to all other species of hoplocercines, with M. annularis nested within Enyalioides. Species with multiple samples are monophyletic except for Enyalioides oshaughnessyi, which is paraphyletic relative to an undescribed species of Enyalioides. All previously published phylogenetic hypotheses for hoplocercines are rejected. Monophyly of Enyalioides cannot be rejected and, consequently, the position of Morunasaurus remains unclear. The most recent common ancestor of Hoplocercinae probably occurred east of the Andes; western taxa included in our analyses originated from at least two separate colonizations whether pre- or post-dating vicariance resulting from uplift of the Andes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Torres-Carvajal, Omar] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Biol, Quito, Ecuador. [Torres-Carvajal, Omar; de Queiroz, Kevin] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Torres-Carvajal, O (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Biol, Ave 12 Octubre & Roca,Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador. EM omartorcar@gmail.com NR 68 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 50 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.002 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 396OL UT WOS:000262600900003 PM 18952184 ER PT J AU Guarnizo, CE Amezquita, A Bermingham, E AF Guarnizo, Carlos E. Amezquita, Adolfo Bermingham, Eldredge TI The relative roles of vicariance versus elevational gradients in the genetic differentiation of the high Andean tree frog, Dendropsophus labialis SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Vicariance; Andes; Elevation; Phylogeography; Dendropsophus ID SPECIATION MECHANISMS; DNA-SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; ECOLOGICAL GRADIENTS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; RANA-SYLVATICA; SOUTH-AMERICA; DIVERSIFICATION AB There are two main competing hypotheses (vicariance and vertical ecotones) that attempt to explain the tremendous diversity of the tropical Andes. We test these hypotheses at the intraspecific level by analyzing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences from 24 populations of the high Andean frog, Dendropsophus labialis (Anura: Hylidae). This species displays geographic variation in a number of phenotypic traits. Most of these traits covary with elevation, while few vary along the horizontal (latitudinal) axis. We found that, both, vicariance and elevation had important effects on the genetic differentiation in this species. We detected two highly divergent clades along the south-north axis using independent information from mitochondrial and nuclear genes, suggesting that this differentiation was the result of long-term barriers to gene flow rather than stochastic processes. We hypothesize mechanisms for D. labialis strong differentiation in light of geological and paleoenvironmental models of evolution in the northern Andean highlands. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Guarnizo, Carlos E.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Amezquita, Adolfo] Univ Los Andes, Dept Ciencias Biol, Bogota, Colombia. [Bermingham, Eldredge] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Guarnizo, CE (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn,CO930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM cguarnizo@mail.utexas.edu RI Guarnizo, Carlos/A-6383-2011 OI Guarnizo, Carlos/0000-0001-7324-1241 FU Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Terrtorial, Colombia [2708, 439] FX Funding was provided by the Smithonian Tropical Research Institute and the Fundacion para la Promocion de la Investigacion y la Tecnologia del Banco de la Republica. We thank the people from the GECOH group at the Universidad de los Andes for assistance with fieldwork. A.J. Crawford and C. Jaramillo provided invaluable help during the lab and analyses phases. We also thank the Cannatella lab members for useful comments on the early versions of the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for providing insighful comments which improved this manuscript. All samples were collected and exported to Panama using the following permit numbers: Collect permit #2708 (05 June 2002) and exportation permit #439 (11 July 2002), of the Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Terrtorial, Colombia. NR 81 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 50 IS 1 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.005 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 396OL UT WOS:000262600900007 PM 18957324 ER PT J AU Kerkines, ISK Wang, Z Zhang, P Morokuma, K AF Kerkines, Ioannis S. K. Wang, Zhi Zhang, Peng Morokuma, Keiji TI Structures and energies of low-lying doublet excited states of N-3 from accurate configuration interaction calculations SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE azide radical; low-lying doublet excited states; configuration interaction; conical intersection; cyclic-N-3 ID ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; CHLORINE AZIDE; GROUND-STATE; BASIS-SETS; N3; PHOTOLYSIS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CYCLIC-N-3; HYDROGEN AB The low-lying doublet excited states of the azide radical (N-3) have been studied at a highly multireference ab initio level of theory including basis sets up to augmented quadruple-zeta quality. A full hypersurface scan under C-2v restrictions for five low-lying bent N-3 states ((2)A(2), (2)A(1), B-2(1), and two B-2(2)) revealed a highly complex potential surface manifold with many stationary points, conical intersections and multiple surface crossings, all of which have been characterized at a high level of theory. The behavior of these states is discussed, especially as a function of the NNN angle. At least two new low-lying pathways on the excited surfaces leading from the linear to the cyclic-N-3 region were found, both involving the components of the degenerate excited (2)Pi(u) state of linear N-3. C1 [Kerkines, Ioannis S. K.; Wang, Zhi; Zhang, Peng; Morokuma, Keiji] Emory Univ, Cherry Logan Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kerkines, Ioannis S. K.; Wang, Zhi; Zhang, Peng; Morokuma, Keiji] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Zhang, Peng] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Morokuma, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Cherry Logan Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, 1515 Dickey Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM morokuma@emory.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-04-1-0080, FA9550-07-1-0395] FX The present research is supported, in part, by grants from AFOSR (FA9550-04-1-0080 and FA9550-07-1-0395). Computer time was provided by a grant under the DoD-High Performance Computing Program and by the Research Center for Computational Science, Okazaki, Japan, as well as by the Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2009 VL 107 IS 8-12 SI SI BP 1017 EP 1025 DI 10.1080/00268970802712530 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 457YD UT WOS:000266972800030 ER PT S AU Hickox, RC AF Hickox, Ryan C. BE Heinz, S Wilcots, E TI The Big Picture of AGN Feedback: Black Hole Accretion and Galaxy Evolution in Multiwavelength Surveys SO MONSTER'S FIERY BREATH: FEEDBACK IN GALAXIES, GROUPS, AND CLUSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Monsters Fiery Breath CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL Madison, WI SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA DE galaxies:active; galaxies:evolution; X-rays:galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SIMILAR-TO 1; X-RAY; STAR-FORMATION; HOST GALAXIES; GROWTH; RADIO; RED; Z-SIMILAR-TO-2; POPULATION AB Large extragalactic surveys allow us to trace, in a statistical sense, how supermassive black holes, their host galaxies, and their dark matter halos evolve together over cosmic time, and so explore the consequences of AGN feedback on galaxy evolution. Recent studies have found significant links between the accretion states of black holes and galaxy stellar populations, local environments, and obscuration by gas and dust. This article describes some recent results and shows how such studies may provide new constraints on models of the co-evolution of galaxies and their central SMBHs. Finally, I discuss observational prospects for the proposed Wide-Field X-ray Telescope mission. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hickox, RC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0738-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1201 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1063/1.3293018 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BOD36 UT WOS:000276293300003 ER PT S AU Mathur, S Stoll, R Krongold, Y Nicastro, F Brickhouse, N Elvis, M AF Mathur, Smita Stoll, Rebecca Krongold, Yair Nicastro, Fabrizio Brickhouse, Nancy Elvis, Martin BE Heinz, S Wilcots, E TI AGN Feedback: Does it Work? SO MONSTER'S FIERY BREATH: FEEDBACK IN GALAXIES, GROUPS, AND CLUSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Monsters Fiery Breath CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL Madison, WI SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA DE galaxies: active; galaxies: Seyfert; galaxies: evolution; quasars: absorption lines; X-ray: galaxies; ultraviolet: galaxies AB While feedback is important in theoretical models, we do not really know if it works in reality. Feedback from jets appears to be sufficient to keep the cooling flows in clusters from cooling too much and it may be sufficient to regulate black hole growth in dominant cluster galaxies. Only about 10% of all quasars, however, have powerful radio jets, so jet-related feedback cannot be generic. The outflows could potentially be a more common form of AGN feedback, but measuring mass and energy outflow rates is a challenging task, the main unknown being the location and geometry of the absorbing medium. Using a novel technique, we made first such measurement in NGC 4051 using XMM data and found the mass and energy outflow rates to be 4 to 5 orders of magnitude below those required for efficient feedback. To test whether the outflow velocity in NGC 4051 is unusually low, we compared the ratio of outflow velocity to escape velocity in a sample of AGNs and found it to be generally less than one. It is thus possible that in most Seyferts the feedback is not sufficient and may not be necessary. C1 [Mathur, Smita; Stoll, Rebecca] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Krongold, Yair] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Nicastro, Fabrizio; Brickhouse, Nancy; Elvis, Martin] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mathur, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. OI Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364; Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0738-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1201 BP 33 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3293071 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BOD36 UT WOS:000276293300008 ER PT S AU Nulsen, P Jones, C Forman, W Churazov, E McNamara, B David, L Murray, S AF Nulsen, Paul Jones, Christine Forman, William Churazov, Eugene McNamara, Brian David, Laurence Murray, Stephen BE Heinz, S Wilcots, E TI Radio Mode Outbursts in Giant Elliptical Galaxies SO MONSTER'S FIERY BREATH: FEEDBACK IN GALAXIES, GROUPS, AND CLUSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Monsters Fiery Breath CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL Madison, WI SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA DE galaxies:elliptical; intergalactic medium; cooling flows; galaxies:jets ID X-RAY CAVITIES; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; CLUSTER; SAMPLE; GAS AB Outbursts from active galactic nuclei (AGN) affect the hot atmospheres of isolated giant elliptical galaxies (gE's), as well as those in groups and clusters of galaxies. Chandra observations of a sample of nearby gE's show that the average power of AGN outbursts is sufficient to stop their hot atmospheres from cooling and forming stars, consistent with radio mode feedback models. The outbursts are intermittent, with duty cycles that increases with size. C1 [Nulsen, Paul; Jones, Christine; Forman, William; Churazov, Eugene; McNamara, Brian; David, Laurence; Murray, Stephen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Nulsen, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013; OI Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 FU NASA [NAS8-03060] FX PEJN was supported by NASA grant NAS8-03060. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0738-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1201 BP 198 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BOD36 UT WOS:000276293300046 ER PT S AU Giacintucci, S Vrtilek, JM O'Sullivan, E Raychaudhury, S David, LP Venturi, T Athreya, R Gitti, M AF Giacintucci, S. Vrtilek, J. M. O'Sullivan, E. Raychaudhury, S. David, L. P. Venturi, T. Athreya, R. Gitti, M. BE Heinz, S Wilcots, E TI AGN Feedback in Galaxy Groups: A Joint GMRT/X-ray Study SO MONSTER'S FIERY BREATH: FEEDBACK IN GALAXIES, GROUPS, AND CLUSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Monsters Fiery Breath CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL Madison, WI SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA DE Galaxy groups; Radio galaxies; X-ray observations ID CLUSTER AWM-4; RADIO; CORE AB We present an ongoing study of 18 nearby galaxy groups, chosen for the availability of Chandra and/or XMM-Newton data and evidence for AGN/hot intragroup gas interaction. We have obtained 235 and 610 MHz observations at the GMRT for all the groups, and 327 and 150 MHz for a few. We discuss two interesting cases - NGC 5044 and AWM4 - which exhibit different kinds of AGN/hot gas interaction. With the help of these examples we show how joining low-frequency radio data (to track the history of AGN outbursts through emission from aged electron populations) with X-ray data (to determine the state of hot gas, its disturbances, heating and cooling) can provide a unique insight into the nature of the feedback mechanism in galaxy groups. C1 [Giacintucci, S.; Vrtilek, J. M.; O'Sullivan, E.; Raychaudhury, S.; David, L. P.; Venturi, T.; Athreya, R.; Gitti, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Giacintucci, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Gitti, Myriam/0000-0002-0843-3009; O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900; Venturi, Tiziana/0000-0002-8476-6307 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0738-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1201 BP 229 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3293043 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BOD36 UT WOS:000276293300053 ER PT S AU Gitti, M O'Sullivan, E Giacintucci, S David, L Vrtilek, J Raychaudhury, S Nulsen, P AF Gitti, M. O'Sullivan, E. Giacintucci, S. David, L. Vrtilek, J. Raychaudhury, S. Nulsen, P. BE Heinz, S Wilcots, E TI AGN Feedback in the Compact Group of Galaxies HCG 62-as Revealed by Chandra, XMM and GMRT Data SO MONSTER'S FIERY BREATH: FEEDBACK IN GALAXIES, GROUPS, AND CLUSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Monsters Fiery Breath CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL Madison, WI SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA DE galaxics:clusters:general; cooling flows; intergalactic medium; galaxies:active; X-rays:galaxies:clusters ID RADIO AB As a part of an ongoing study of a sample of galaxy groups showing evidence for AGN/hot gas interaction, we report on the preliminary results of an analysis of new XMM and GMRT data of the X-ray bright compact group HCG 62. This is one of the few groups known to possess very clear, small X-ray cavities in the inner region as shown by the existing Chandra image. At higher frequencies (>= 1.4 GHz), the cavities show minimal if any radio emission, but the radio appears clearly at lower frequencies (<= 610 MHz). We compare and discuss the morphology and spectral properties of the gas and of the radio source. We find that the cavities are close to being pressure balanced, and that the jets have a "light" hadronic content. By extracting X-ray surface brightness and temperature profiles, we also identify a shock front located around 35 kpc to the south-west of the group center. C1 [Gitti, M.; O'Sullivan, E.; Giacintucci, S.; David, L.; Vrtilek, J.; Nulsen, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gitti, M.] Univ Bologna, Dept Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Raychaudhury, S.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Gitti, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Gitti, Myriam/0000-0002-0843-3009; O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900; Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0738-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1201 BP 233 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3293044 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BOD36 UT WOS:000276293300054 ER PT S AU Lanz, L Jones, C Forman, WR Ashby, MLN Kraft, R Hickox, RC AF Lanz, Lauranne Jones, Christine Forman, William R. Ashby, Matthew L. N. Kraft, Ralph Hickox, Ryan C. BE Heinz, S Wilcots, E TI Constraining the Outburst Properties of the Radio Galaxy NGC 1316 SO MONSTER'S FIERY BREATH: FEEDBACK IN GALAXIES, GROUPS, AND CLUSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Monsters Fiery Breath CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL Madison, WI SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA DE galaxies:active; galaxies:individual(NGC 1316); galaxies:structure; infrared: galaxies; X-ray: galaxies ID FORNAX-A; SINGS; DUST AB Combined Spitzer, Chandra, XMM-Newton, and VLA observations of the radio elliptical galaxy NGC 1316 (Fornax A) show features indicative of an AGN outburst most likely triggered by a merger with a galaxy whose gas mass was similar to 4 x 10(9) M(circle dot) about 0.4 Gyr ago. X-ray cavities in both the Chandra and XMM-Newton images likely result from the radio jet and the expansion of the radio lobes. The dust emission seen at 5.8 mu m, 8.0 mu m, and 24 mu m is strongest in regions with little or no radio emission, suggesting that the expanding radio jet removes or destroys the dust as well as the hot gas. These results impose constraints on the properties of the outburst and the merger galaxy. The present size of the radio lobes implies the outburst is at least 0.4 Gyr old. The size of the X-ray cavities implies a minimum outburst energy of 1.2 x 10(58) ergs. The inferred dust mass implies that the outburst progenitor had a gas mass of similar to 4 x 10(9) M(circle dot). C1 [Lanz, Lauranne; Jones, Christine; Forman, William R.; Ashby, Matthew L. N.; Kraft, Ralph; Hickox, Ryan C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lanz, L (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Lanz, Lauranne/0000-0002-3249-8224 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0738-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1201 BP 241 EP 244 DI 10.1063/1.3293046 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BOD36 UT WOS:000276293300056 ER PT S AU Siemiginowska, A AF Siemiginowska, Aneta BE Heinz, S Wilcots, E TI X-ray Jets and Evolution of Radio Sources SO MONSTER'S FIERY BREATH: FEEDBACK IN GALAXIES, GROUPS, AND CLUSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Monsters Fiery Breath CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL Madison, WI SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA DE galaxies:radio; evolution; galaxies:jets ID EMISSION; SPECTRA AB Chandra X-ray observations revealed powerful relativistic outflows associated with the AGN activity. Large scale X-ray jets extend to more than >100 kpc distances from the nucleus of a host galaxy. They indicate a long-term evolution of a powerful radio source and the importance of both, jets and radio source, interactions with the environment on many different physical scales. They also show that the feedback process linked to a radio mode activity of a central black hole happens at all redshifts. I discuss results of X-ray studies of a sample of compact radio sources. These sources can represent the first stage of the radio source growth. They are contained within their host galaxy and interact strongly with the dense ISM. Although X-rays can provide information about the source interactions with the ISM and feedback process they could not be observed in X-ray due to limited sensitivity of the earlier missions. 1 discuss a possible evolutionary track of compact radio sources into FRUFRII large scale source. I also present a luminous radio-loud quasar that is located in the center of an X-ray cluster at z similar to 1 and discuss the constraints on the radio source evolution given by this observation. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Siemiginowska, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0738-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1201 BP 263 EP 266 DI 10.1063/1.3293052 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BOD36 UT WOS:000276293300061 ER PT S AU Birzan, L Rafferty, DA McNamara, BR Nulsen, PEJ Wise, MW AF Birzan, L. Rafferty, D. A. McNamara, B. R. Nulsen, P. E. J. Wise, M. W. BE Heinz, S Wilcots, E TI The Detectability of AGN Cavities in Cooling-Flow Clusters SO MONSTER'S FIERY BREATH: FEEDBACK IN GALAXIES, GROUPS, AND CLUSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Monsters Fiery Breath CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL Madison, WI SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA DE cooling flows; X-ray: galaxies: clusters ID X-RAY CAVITIES; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; RADIO BUBBLES; BLACK-HOLES; GALAXIES; GAS; FEEDBACK AB The Chandra X-ray Observatory has revealed X-ray cavities in many nearby cooling flow clusters. The cavities trace feedback from the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) on the intracluster medium (ICM), an important ingredient in stabilizing cooling flows and in the process of galaxy formation and evolution. But the prevalence and duty cycle of such AGN outbursts is not well understood. To this end, we study how the cooling is balanced by the cavity heating for a complete sample of clusters (the Brightest 55 clusters of galaxies, hereafter B55). In the B55, we found 33 cooling flow clusters (with t(cool) < 3 x 10(9) yr in the core), 20 of which have detected X-ray bubbles in their ICM. Among the remaining 13, all except Ophiuchus could have significant cavity power yet remain undetected in existing images. This implies that the duty cycle of AGN outbursts with significant heating potential in cooling flow clusters is at least 60% and could approach 100%, but deeper data is required to constrain this further. C1 [Birzan, L.; Rafferty, D. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [McNamara, B. R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo N2L 2Y5, ON, Canada. [McNamara, B. R.; Nulsen, P. E. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wise, M. W.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Birzan, L (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OI Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0738-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1201 BP 301 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3293061 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BOD36 UT WOS:000276293300069 ER PT S AU ZuHone, J Markevitch, M AF ZuHone, John Markevitch, Maxim BE Heinz, S Wilcots, E TI Cluster Core Heating from Merging Subclusters SO MONSTER'S FIERY BREATH: FEEDBACK IN GALAXIES, GROUPS, AND CLUSTERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Monsters Fiery Breath CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL Madison, WI SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA DE galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; mergers; cooling flows ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; COLD FRONTS; ORIGIN AB Though feedback from central active galactic nuclei provides an attractive solution to the problem of overcooling in galaxy cluster cores, another possible source of heating may come from "sloshing" of the cluster core gas initiated by mergers. We present a set of simulations of galaxy cluster mergers with subclusters in order to determine the amount of heating provided by the mechanism of sloshing, exploring a parameter space over mass ratio, impact parameter, and viscosity of the intracluster medium (ICM). Our results show that for sloshing caused by mergers with gasless subclusters cooling may be partially offset by heating from sloshing, but this mechanism is less effective if the ICM is viscous. C1 [ZuHone, John; Markevitch, Maxim] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP ZuHone, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0738-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1201 BP 383 EP 386 DI 10.1063/1.3293082 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BOD36 UT WOS:000276293300087 ER PT J AU Lopes, PAA de Carvalho, RR Kohl-Moreira, JL Jones, C AF Lopes, P. A. A. de Carvalho, R. R. Kohl-Moreira, J. L. Jones, C. TI NoSOCS in SDSS - I. Sample definition and comparison of mass estimates SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: kinematics and dynamics ID GALAXY CLUSTER SURVEY; X-RAY-PROPERTIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; TO-LIGHT RATIO; RICH CLUSTERS; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; TEMPERATURE FUNCTION; SURVEY DPOSS; SUBSTRUCTURE AB We use Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data to investigate galaxy cluster properties of the systems first detected within Digitized Second Palomar Observatory Sky Survey. With the high-quality photometry of SDSS, we derived new photometric redshifts and estimated richness and optical luminosity. For a subset of low-redshift (z <= 0.1) clusters, we have used SDSS spectroscopic data to identify groups in redshift space in the region of each cluster, complemented with massive systems from the literature to assure the continuous mass sampling. A method to remove interlopers is applied, and a virial analysis is performed resulting in the estimates of velocity dispersion, mass and a physical radius for each low-z system. We discuss the choice of maximum radius and luminosity range in the dynamical analysis, showing that a spectroscopic survey must be complete to at least M* + 1 if one wishes to obtain accurate and unbiased estimates of velocity dispersion and mass. We have measured X-ray luminosity for all clusters using archival data from ROSAT All Sky Survey. For a smaller subset (21 clusters), we selected temperature measures from the literature and estimated mass from the M-T(X) relation, finding that they show good agreement with the virial estimate. However, these two mass estimates tend to disagree with the caustic results. We measured the presence of substructure in all clusters of the sample and found that clusters with substructure have virial masses higher than those derived from T(X). This trend is not seen when comparing the caustic and X-ray masses. That happens because the caustic mass is estimated directly from the mass profile, so it is less affected by substructure. C1 [Lopes, P. A. A.] IP&D Univ Vale Paraiba, BR-12244000 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [de Carvalho, R. R.] CEA, Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Div Astrophys, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Jones, C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lopes, PAA (reprint author), IP&D Univ Vale Paraiba, Av Shishima Hifumi 2911, BR-12244000 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. EM paal@univap.br RI Lopes, Paulo/B-3055-2013 NR 68 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 392 IS 1 BP 135 EP 152 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13962.x PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392KX UT WOS:000262302700008 ER PT J AU Schurch, MPE Coe, MJ Galache, JL Corbet, RHD McGowan, KE McBride, VA Townsend, LJ Udalski, A Haberl, F AF Schurch, M. P. E. Coe, M. J. Galache, J. L. Corbet, R. H. D. McGowan, K. E. McBride, V. A. Townsend, L. J. Udalski, A. Haberl, F. TI High-mass X-ray binary SXP18.3 undergoes the longest type II outburst ever seen in the Small Magellanic Cloud SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: emission-line, Be; Magellanic Clouds; X-rays: binaries ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; PULSARS; CATALOG; SYSTEM AB On 2006 August 30, SXP18.3 a high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with an 18.3 s pulse period was observed by Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The source was seen continuously for the following 36 weeks. This is the longest type II outburst ever seen from a HMXB in the SMC. During the outburst, SXP18.3 was located from serendipitous XMM-Newton observations. The identification of the optical counterpart has allowed SXP18.3 to be classified as a Be/X-ray binary. This paper will report on the analysis of the optical and weekly RXTE X-ray data that span the last 10 yr. The extreme length of this outburst has for the first time enabled us to perform an extensive study of the pulse timing of a SMC Be/X-ray binary. We present a possible full orbital solution from the pulse timing data. An orbital period of 17.79 d is proposed from the analysis of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) III light curve placing SXP18.3 on the boundary of known sources in the Corbet diagram. C1 [Schurch, M. P. E.; Coe, M. J.; McGowan, K. E.; McBride, V. A.; Townsend, L. J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Galache, J. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Corbet, R. H. D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Xray Astrophys Lab, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Udalski, A.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. RP Schurch, MPE (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM mpes@astro.soton.ac.uk OI Haberl, Frank/0000-0002-0107-5237 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Polish MNiSW [N20303032/4275] FX This publication makes use of data products from the Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This paper utilizes public domain data originally obtained by the MACHO Project, whose work was performed under the joint auspices of the US Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-Eng- 48, the National Science Foundation through the Center for Particle Astrophysics of the University of California under cooperative agreement AST-8809616 and the Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatory, part of the Australian National University. This research has made use of the SIMBAD data base, operated by CDS, Strasbourg, France. We acknowledge support from the NASA Swift team in providing ToO observations in order to locate the source. The OGLE project is partially supported by the Polish MNiSW grant N20303032/4275. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 392 IS 1 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14048.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392KX UT WOS:000262302700027 ER PT J AU Shattow, G Loeb, A AF Shattow, Genevieve Loeb, Abraham TI Implications of recent measurements of the Milky Way rotation for the orbit of the Large Magellanic Cloud SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; Local Group; Magellanic Clouds ID N-BODY SIMULATIONS; DARK-MATTER HALOS; LOCAL GROUP; PROPER MOTION; GALAXY; MASS; STREAM; EVOLUTION; KINEMATICS; ANDROMEDA AB We examine the implications of recent measurements of the Milky Way (MW) rotation for the trajectory of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The similar to 14 +/- 6 per cent increase in the MW circular velocity relative to the International Astronomical Union (IAU) standard of 220 km s(-1) changes the qualitative nature of the inferred LMC orbit. Instead of the LMC being gravitationally unbound, as has been suggested based on a recent measurement of its proper motion, we find that the past orbit of the LMC is naturally confined within the virial boundary of the MW. The orbit is not as tightly bound as in models derived before the LMC proper motion was measured. C1 [Shattow, Genevieve; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shattow, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gshattow@head.cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA [NNX08AL43G]; Harvard University; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory funds FX We thank Gurtina Besla and Mark Reid for useful discussions. This work is supported, in part, by NASA grant NNX08AL43G, FQXi and Harvard University and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory funds. NR 40 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 392 IS 1 BP L21 EP L25 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00573.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V16ZB UT WOS:000207906400005 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, Owen TI Year of astronomy: Mankind's place in the Universe SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gingerich, Owen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ginger@cfa.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 457 IS 7225 BP 28 EP 29 DI 10.1038/457028a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 389OR UT WOS:000262104900016 PM 19122622 ER PT J AU Goodman, AA Rosolowsky, EW Borkin, MA Foster, JB Halle, M Kauffmann, J Pineda, JE AF Goodman, Alyssa A. Rosolowsky, Erik W. Borkin, Michelle A. Foster, Jonathan B. Halle, Michael Kauffmann, Jens Pineda, Jaime E. TI A role for self-gravity at multiple length scales in the process of star formation SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CLOUDS; PERSEUS; TURBULENCE AB Self-gravity plays a decisive role in the final stages of star formation, where dense cores (size similar to 0.1 parsecs) inside molecular clouds collapse to form star- plus- disk systems(1). But self- gravity's role at earlier times ( and on larger length scales, such as similar to 1 parsec) is unclear; some molecular cloud simulations that do not include self- gravity suggest that 'turbulent fragmentation' alone is sufficient to create a mass distribution of dense cores that resembles, and sets, the stellar initial mass function(2). Here we report a 'dendrogram' (hierarchical tree- diagram) analysis that reveals that self- gravity plays a significant role over the full range of possible scales traced by (13)CO observations in the L1448 molecular cloud, but not everywhere in the observed region. In particular, more than 90 per cent of the compact 'pre- stellar cores' traced by peaks of dust emission(3) are projected on the sky within one of the dendrogram's self- gravitating 'leaves'. As these peaks mark the locations of already- forming stars, or of those probably about to form, a self- gravitating cocoon seems a critical condition for their existence. Turbulent fragmentation simulations without self- gravity even of unmagnetized isothermal material - can yield mass and velocity power spectra very similar to what is observed in clouds like L1448. But a dendrogram of such a simulation(4) shows that nearly all the gas in it ( much more than in the observations) appears to be self- gravitating. A potentially significant role for gravity in ` non- self- gravitating' simulations suggests inconsistency in simulation assumptions and output, and that it is necessary to include self- gravity in any realistic simulation of the star- formation process on subparsec scales. C1 [Goodman, Alyssa A.; Borkin, Michelle A.; Halle, Michael; Kauffmann, Jens] Harvard Univ, Initiat Innovat Comp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Goodman, Alyssa A.; Rosolowsky, Erik W.; Foster, Jonathan B.; Kauffmann, Jens; Pineda, Jaime E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rosolowsky, Erik W.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. [Halle, Michael] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Surg Planning Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Halle, Michael] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Goodman, AA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Initiat Innovat Comp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM agoodman@cfa.harvard.edu RI Pineda, Jaime/J-7405-2013; Goodman, Alyssa/A-6007-2010 OI Pineda, Jaime/0000-0002-3972-1978; Goodman, Alyssa/0000-0003-1312-0477 FU National Institutes of Health [U54-EB005149]; National Science Foundation [AST-0502605] FX We thank A. Munshi for putting us in touch with M. Thomas and colleagues at Right Hemisphere, whose software and assistance enabled the interactive PDF in this paper; P. Padoan for providing the simulated data cube; R. Shetty for comments on the paper; F. Shu for suggesting we extend our analysis to measure boundedness of p-p-v 'bound' objects in p-p-p space using simulations; and S. Hyman, Provost of Harvard University, for supporting the start- up of the Initiative in Innovative Computing at Harvard, which substantially enabled the creation of this work. 3D Slicer is developed by the National Alliance for Medical Image Computing and funded by the National Institutes of Health grant U54-EB005149. The COMPLETE group is supported in part by the National Science Foundation. E.W.R. is supported by the NSF AST-0502605. NR 21 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 457 IS 7225 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1038/nature07609 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 389OR UT WOS:000262104900030 PM 19122636 ER PT J AU Barron, AR Wurzburger, N Bellenger, JP Wright, SJ Kraepiel, AML Hedin, LO AF Barron, Alexander R. Wurzburger, Nina Bellenger, Jean Phillipe Wright, S. Joseph Kraepiel, Anne M. L. Hedin, Lars O. TI Molybdenum limitation of asymbiotic nitrogen fixation in tropical forest soils SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID N-2 FIXATION; TERRESTRIAL; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; LITTER AB Nitrogen fixation, the biological conversion of di-nitrogen to plant-available ammonium, is the primary natural input of nitrogen to ecosystems(1), and influences plant growth and carbon exchange at local to global scales(2-6). The role of this process in tropical forests is of particular concern, as these ecosystems harbour abundant nitrogen-fixing organisms(1,4) and represent one third of terrestrial primary production(4,7,8). Here we show that the micronutrient molybdenum, a cofactor in the nitrogen-fixing enzyme nitrogenase, limits nitrogen fixation by free-living heterotrophic bacteria in soils of lowland Panamanian forests. We measured the fixation response to long-term nutrient manipulations in intact forests, and to short-term manipulations in soil microcosms. Nitrogen fixation increased sharply in treatments of molybdenum alone, in micronutrient treatments that included molybdenum by design and in treatments with commercial phosphorus fertilizer, in which molybdenum was a 'hidden' contaminant. Fixation did not respond to additions of phosphorus that were not contaminated by molybdenum. Our findings show that molybdenum alone can limit asymbiotic nitrogen fixation in tropical forests and raise new questions about the role of molybdenum and phosphorus in the tropical nitrogen cycle. We suggest that molybdenum limitation may be common in highly weathered acidic soils, and may constrain the ability of some forests to acquire new nitrogen in response to CO2 fertilization(9). C1 [Barron, Alexander R.; Wurzburger, Nina; Hedin, Lars O.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bellenger, Jean Phillipe] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wright, S. Joseph] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Kraepiel, Anne M. L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Hedin, LO (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lhedin@princeton.edu RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 FU NSF-GRF; EPASTAR; STRI-PDF; Mellon Foundation; NSF; NSF [DEB-0614116]; NSF-funded Center for Environmental BioInorganic Chemistry [CHE-0221978]; Smithsonian Scholarly Studies; A.W. Mellon Foundation FX We thank D.Menge, D. Sigmanand F. Morel for helpful comments, and M. Ketterer for Moanalyses. L. Stanley, A. Strong, L. Bennett, B.Kennedy and H. Watersassisted in the field and laboratory. This work was supported by an NSF-GRF, EPASTAR and STRI-PDF to A.R.B., grants from the A.W. Mellon Foundation and the NSF to L.O.H., agrant from the NSF (DEB-0614116) to L.O.H, A.M.L.K. and A.R.B, a grant from the NSF-funded Center for Environmental BioInorganic Chemistry (CHE-0221978) to A.M.L.K. and J.P.B., and the Smithsonian Scholarly Studies programme and the A.W. Mellon Foundation to S.J.W NR 29 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 8 U2 110 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 42 EP 45 DI 10.1038/NGEO366 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 397CB UT WOS:000262638500019 ER PT J AU Fortunato, H Schafer, P AF Fortunato, Helena Schaefer, Priska TI Coralline algae as carbonate producers and habitat providers on the Eastern Pacific coast of Panama: preliminary assessment SO NEUES JAHRBUCH FUR GEOLOGIE UND PALAONTOLOGIE-ABHANDLUNGEN LA English DT Article CT 20th Latin-American Colloquium CY 2007 CL Kiel, GERMANY DE Eastern Pacific; Panama; coralline algae; benthic communities; mollusks ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; ATOL DAS ROCAS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; WATER TEMPERATURE; FRINGING-REEF; MEXICO; GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY; RHODOLITHS; SEA AB Carbonate production and benthic mollusk abundance and diversity were studied in a series of samples from the Gulfs of Panama and Chiriqui to investigate the contribution of coralline algae to carbonate production and its role in benthic community structure. Preliminary results show that maerl and rhodoliths are important components of the shelf contributing significantly to the total carbonate production, which is much higher in the Gulf of Chiriqui. Silty and sandy-mud bottoms predominate in the Gulf of Panama, while a mixture of marel, rhodoliths and coral is commonly found in the Gulf of Chiriqui. Corallines support multilayered communities, with a low trophic diversity, few predators, abundant sessile forms, thick-shelled grazers and detritus feeders. Material is highly bio-eroded and incrustated. Soft sediment communities are dominated by thin-shelled, well preserved filter feeders and vagile predators. C1 [Fortunato, Helena; Schaefer, Priska] Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Fortunato, Helena] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archaeol, Balboa, Panama. RP Fortunato, H (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch, Ludewig Meyn Str 10, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. EM fortunatomh@hotmail.com; ps@gpi.unikiel.de NR 62 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0077-7749 J9 NEUES JAHRB GEOL P-A JI Neues. Jahrb. Geol. Palaontol.-Abh. PY 2009 VL 253 IS 1 BP 145 EP 161 DI 10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0253-0145 PG 17 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 475QC UT WOS:000268374100011 ER PT S AU Grindlay, JE Bogdanov, S AF Grindlay, Jonathan E. Bogdanov, Slavko BE Becker, W TI Millisecond Pulsars in Globular Clusters and the Field SO NEUTRON STARS AND PULSARS SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID X-RAY-EMISSION; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; NEUTRON-STAR; 47 TUCANAE; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER-47 TUCANAE; ROSAT OBSERVATIONS; RADIO PULSAR; PSR B1937+21; CHANDRA; 47-TUCANAE C1 [Grindlay, Jonathan E.; Bogdanov, Slavko] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Grindlay, JE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM josh@cfa.harvard.edu; sbogdano@cfa.harvard.edu OI Bogdanov, Slavko/0000-0002-9870-2742 NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0067-0057 BN 978-3-540-76964-4 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2009 VL 357 BP 165 EP 180 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-76965-1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJO24 UT WOS:000266889500008 ER PT S AU Bersier, D Hartman, JD Stanek, KZ Beaulieu, JP Kaluzny, J Marquette, JB Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A Scowcroft, V Stetson, PB AF Bersier, D. Hartman, J. D. Stanek, K. Z. Beaulieu, J. -P. Kaluzny, J. Marquette, J. -B. Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A. Scowcroft, V. Stetson, P. B. BE Goupil, M Kollath, Z Nardetto, N Kervella, P TI A LARGE-SCALE SURVEY FOR VARIABLE STARS IN M 33 SO NONLINEAR PULSATIONS AND HYDRODYNAMICS OF CEPHEIDS SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Pulsations and Hydrodynamics of Cepheids held in honor of JR Buchler CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE ID EXTRAGALACTIC DISTANCE SCALE; DETACHED ECLIPSING BINARIES; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; LOCAL GROUP GALAXIES; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; CEPHEID DISTANCE; NEARBY GALAXIES; ADDITIONAL VARIABLES; BEAT CEPHEIDS; M33 AB We have started a survey of M 33 in order to find variable stars and Cepheids in particular. We have obtained more than 30 epochs of g'r'i' data with the CFHT and the one-square-degree camera MegaCam. We present first results from this survey, including the search for variable objects and a basic characterization of the various groups of variable stars. C1 [Bersier, D.; Scowcroft, V.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. [Hartman, J. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stanek, K. Z.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Beaulieu, J. -P.; Marquette, J. -B.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Astrophys, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Kaluzny, J.; Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A.] Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Stetson, P. B.] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Dominion Astrophys Observ, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. RP Bersier, D (reprint author), Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. OI Scowcroft, Victoria/0000-0001-8829-4653 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0460-3 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2009 VL 38 BP 125 EP + DI 10.1051/eas/0938013 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BLZ71 UT WOS:000271610800013 ER PT B AU Heerikhuisen, J Pogorelov, NV Florinski, V Zank, GP Kharchenko, V AF Heerikhuisen, J. Pogorelov, N. V. Florinski, V. Zank, G. P. Kharchenko, V. BE Pogorelov, NV Audit, E Colella, P Zank, GP TI Kinetic Modeling of Neutral Atom Transport in the Heliosphere SO NUMERICAL MODELING OF SPACE PLASMA FLOWS: ASTRONUM-2008 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Numerical Modeling of Space Plasma Flows CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL St Johns, VI SP Univ Calif, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Universe French Commiss Atom Energy, Inst Investigat Fundamental Laws ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELD; STELLAR-WIND; TERMINATION; SIMULATIONS; ASYMMETRIES; HYDROGEN AB The heliosphere is a bubble of solar-wind plasma inside the local interstellar cloud that is stretched by the relative motion of the Sun through the cloud. Although the solar-wiud is almost completely ionized, the partially ionized interstellar medium provides a, significant source of neutral atoms (especially-Hydrogen) some of which cross the heliopause and interact with the solar wind. The interaction is complicated by the large collisional mean free paths (of the size of the heliosphere) and by the nature of the collisions that results in a collisionless ensemble of atoms which couple to the ionized component through charge-exchange. Thus, to model the H-atom distribution correctly, we need to employ a kinetic approach. In this paper we introduce the solar-wind/interstellar-medium interaction problem and emphasize the importance of neutral atoms in shaping the heliosphere. We then present a Monte-Carlo method for kinetic modeling which couples the plasma and neutral populations through charge-exchange. The role of the differential cross-section in H-p collisions will also be discussed, and finally we highlight the importance this type of modeliiig for NASA's IBEX mission. C1 [Heerikhuisen, J.; Pogorelov, N. V.; Florinski, V.; Zank, G. P.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Phys & Aeronom, Dept Phys, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Kharchenko, V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Heerikhuisen, J (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Phys & Aeronom, Dept Phys, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM jh0004@uah.edu; np0002@uah.edu; vaf0001@uah.edu; zank@email.cspar.uah.edu NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-692-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 406 BP 189 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJW00 UT WOS:000267287200025 ER PT S AU Lidberg, M Johansson, JM Scherneck, HG Milne, GA Davis, JL AF Lidberg, M. Johansson, J. M. Scherneck, H. -G. Milne, G. A. Davis, J. L. BE Sideris, MG TI New Results Based on Reprocessing of 13 years Continuous GPS Observations of the Fennoscandia GIA Process from BIFROST SO OBSERVING OUR CHANGING EARTH SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Assembly of the International-Association-of-Geodesy/24th General Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics CY JUL 02-13, 2007 CL Perugia, ITALY SP Int Assoc Geodesy, Int Union Geodesy & Geophys DE Fennoscandia land uplift; Glacial isostatic adjustment; Continuous GPS; Reference frames ID GLACIAL ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; POSITION TIME-SERIES; ART. AB We present new and improved 3D velocity fields of the Fermoscandian Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) process derived from more than 4800 days (13 years) of data at more than 80 permanent GPS sites. We use the GAMIT/GLOBK software package for the GPS analysis. The solution has an internal accuracy at the level of 0.2 mm/yr (1 sigma) for horizontal velocities at the best sites. We present our results both in the ITRF2000 and in the new ITRF2005 reference frames, and discuss the difference in vertical rates associated with the choice of reference frame. Our vertical velocities agree with results derived from classic geodetic methods (tide-gauge, repeated levelling, and repeated gravity observations) at the 0.5 mm/yr level (1 sigma). We also compare the observations to predictions derived from a GIA model tuned to fit the new data and get agreement on the sub-millimeter level. C1 [Lidberg, M.; Johansson, J. M.; Scherneck, H. -G.] Chalmers, Onsala Space Observ, SE-80182 Gavle, Sweden. [Johansson, J. M.] SP Tech Res Inst Sweden, SE-50115 Boras, Sweden. [Milne, G. A.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Davis, J. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lidberg, M (reprint author), Chalmers, Onsala Space Observ, SE-80182 Gavle, Sweden. RI Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-540-85425-8 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2009 VL 133 BP 557 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-85426-5_66 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BIT95 UT WOS:000262710400066 ER PT S AU Thau, D Morris, RA White, S AF Thau, David Morris, Robert A. White, Sean BE Meersman, R Herrero, P Dillon, T TI Contemporary Challenges in Ambient Data Integration for Biodiversity Informatics SO ON THE MOVE TO MEANINGFUL INTERNET SYSTEMS: OTM 2009 WORKSHOPS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT On the Move Confederated International Conference and Workshops CY NOV 01-06, 2009 CL Vilamoura, PORTUGAL SP Algardata SA, Collibra, Lecture Notes Comp Sci, Univ Algarve AB Biodiversity informatics (BDI) information is both highly localized and highly distributed. The temporal and spatial contexts of data collection events are generally of primary importance in BDI studies, and most studies are focused around specific localities. At the same time, data are collected by many groups working independently, but often at the same sites, leading to a distribution of data. BDI data are also distributed over time, due to protracted longitudinal studies, and the continuously evolving meanings of taxonomic names. Ambient data integration provides new opportunities for collecting, sharing, and analyzing BDI data, and the nature of BDI data poses interesting challenges for applications of ADI. This paper surveys recent work on utilization of BDI data in the context of ADI. Topics covered include applying ADI to species identification, data security, annotation and provenance sharing, and coping with multiple competing classification ontologies. We conclude with a summary of requirements for applying ADI to biodiversity informatics. C1 [Thau, David] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Morris, Robert A.] Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA USA. [Morris, Robert A.] Harvard Univ Herbaria, Cambridge, MA USA. [White, Sean] Columbia Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY USA. [White, Sean] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC USA. RP Thau, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NSF [IIS-0630033, \DBI-0646266, IIS-03-25867] FX Work supported by NSF awards IIS-0630033 (David Thau), DBI-0646266 (Robert A. Morris), and IIS-03-25867 (Sean White). The first author would like to thank Shawn Bowers and Bertram Ludascher for many constructive conversations. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-05289-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5872 BP 59 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPT86 UT WOS:000279915700012 ER PT S AU Freeman, MD Reid, PB Podgorski, W Caldwell, D AF Freeman, Mark D. Reid, Paul B. Podgorski, William Caldwell, David BE O'Dell, SL Pareschi, G TI Progress on the Active Alignment System for the IXO Mirrors SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy IV CY AUG 04-06, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray optics; mirror support systems; optical alignment; Hartmann test; IXO mission ID CONSTELLATION-X MISSION AB The next large x-ray astrophysics mission launched will likely include soft x-ray spectroscopy as a primary capability. A requirement to fulfill the science goals of such a mission is a large-area x-ray telescope focusing sufficient x-ray flux to perform high-resolution spectroscopy with reasonable observing times. The IXO soft x-ray telescope effort in the US is focused on a tightly nested, thin glass, segmented mirror design. Fabrication of the glass segments with the required surface accuracy is a fundamental challenge; equally challenging will be the alignment of the similar to 7000 secondary mirror segments with their corresponding primary mirrors, and co-alignment of the mirror pairs. We have developed a system to perform this alignment using a combination of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and a double-pass Hartmann test alignment system. We discuss the technique, its ability to correct low-order mirror errors, and results of a recent pair alignment including progress toward the required alignment accuracy of < 2 arcseconds. We then look forward toward its scalability to the task of building the IXO telescope. C1 [Freeman, Mark D.; Reid, Paul B.; Podgorski, William; Caldwell, David] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Freeman, MD (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mfreeman@cfa.harvard.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7727-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7437 AR 74371E DI 10.1117/12.830841 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BRX37 UT WOS:000283842600047 ER PT S AU Reid, PB Davis, W O'Dell, S Schwartz, DA Trolier-McKinstry, S Wilke, RHT Zhang, W AF Reid, Paul B. Davis, William O'Dell, Stephen Schwartz, Daniel A. Trolier-McKinstry, Susan Wilke, Rudeger H. T. Zhang, William BE O'Dell, SL Pareschi, G TI Generation-X mirror technology development plan and the development of adjustable x-ray optics SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy IV CY AUG 04-06, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray optics; adjustable optics; piezo-electric; thin films; Gen-X AB Generation-X is being studied as an extremely high resolution, very large area grazing incidence x-ray telescope. Under a NASA Advanced Mission Concepts Study, we have developed a technology plan designed to lead to the 0.1 arcsec (HPD) resolution adjustable optics with 50 square meters of effective area necessary to meet Generation-X requirements. We describe our plan in detail. In addition, we report on our development activities of adjustable grazing incidence optics via the fabrication of bimorph mirrors. We have successfully deposited thin-film piezo-electric material on the back surface of thin glass mirrors. We report on the electrical and mechanical properties of the bimorph mirrors. We also report on initial finite element modeling of adjustable grazing incidence mirrors; in particular, we examine the impact of how the mirrors are supported - the boundary conditions - on the deformations which can be achieved. C1 [Reid, Paul B.; Davis, William; Schwartz, Daniel A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reid, PB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pried@cfa.harvard.edu OI O'Dell, Stephen/0000-0002-1868-8056; Trolier-McKinstry, Susan/0000-0002-7267-9281 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7727-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7437 AR 74371F DI 10.1117/12.830858 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BRX37 UT WOS:000283842600048 ER PT S AU Romaine, S Boike, J Bruni, R Engelhaupt, D Gorenstein, P Gubarev, M Ramsey, B AF Romaine, S. Boike, J. Bruni, R. Engelhaupt, D. Gorenstein, P. Gubarev, M. Ramsey, B. BE O'Dell, SL Pareschi, G TI Mandrel replication for hard X-ray optics using titanium nitride SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy IV CY AUG 04-06, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray optics; TiN; electroformed optics; release layer; multilayers AB X-ray astronomy grazing incidence telescopes use the principle of nested shells to maximize the collecting area. Some of the more recent missions, such as XMM-Newton, have used an electroformed nickel replication process to fabricate the mirror shells. We have been developing coatings to simplify and improve this electroforming process. This paper discusses our most recent results from studies using TiN as a mandrel hardcoat in the electroforming process of fabricating nickel shell optics. The results indicate that nickel replicas separate easily from the TiN coated mandrel, and little (if any) degradation of the mandrel occurs after more than 20 replications. AFM characterization of the mandrel and replica surfaces is shown. Preliminary results are also included from studies which use this same process to replicate multilayer coatings; these results indicate no change in the multilayer stack after separation from the mandrel. C1 [Romaine, S.; Bruni, R.; Gorenstein, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Romaine, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7727-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7437 AR 74370Y DI 10.1117/12.829583 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BRX37 UT WOS:000283842600031 ER PT J AU Ryder, TB Wolfe, JD AF Ryder, Thomas B. Wolfe, Jared D. TI THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ON MOLT AND PLUMAGE SEQUENCES IN SELECTED NEOTROPICAL BIRD FAMILIES: A REVIEW SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Review DE Molt; plumage; plumage-sequence; tropical; New World ID MATURATION; AGE; MANAKINS; SEX; CHIROXIPHIA; PATTERNS AB Annual molts and the subsequent plumages they produce are a ubiquitous element of avian life history. Research pertaining to the utility of molt and plumage has produced a robust framework of age-categorization for the vast majority of temperate avifauna. In comparison to temperate bird species, however, we know very little about resident topical bird molt and plumage. Published data pertaining to molt and plumage sequences are limited in scope, covering few species, and, to our knowledge, are not currently synthesized. Here we combine new information gathered from field and museum specimens with a synthesis of previous work to review molt and plumage for 15 families of New-World tropical passerines and near-passerines. More specifically, we outline plumage sequences and molt extent as it relates to age-categorization; we also assign generalized molt strategies based on common patterns found among genera within each family. Given the diversity of most tropical passerine families, this synthesis is not all-inclusive; however, it is presented in a broad framework with the goal of advancing our knowledge of tropical avian molt and plumage sequences. Accepted 19 November 2008. C1 [Ryder, Thomas B.] Whitney R Harris Ctr World Ecol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Wolfe, Jared D.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Ryder, Thomas B.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Ryder, TB (reprint author), Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk,POB 37012,MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM pipridae@gmail.com FU Ministerio de Ambiente, Distrito Forestal Napo, Tena, Ecuador [13-IC-FAUDFN]; International Center for Tropical Ecology; AFO's Alexander Bergstrom Award; National Geographic Society [7113-01]; National Science Foundation [IBN 0235141, IOB 0508189, OISE 0513341] FX We are grateful to the many people who provided personal observations or data to improve the manuscript: N. Krabbe, D. Lebbin, T. Schulenberg, S. Woltmann, C. J. Ralph, F. Mallet-Rodrigues, and A. Brown. Constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript were provided by J. Blake, P. Pyle. J. C. Eitniear, and one anonymous, reviewer. J. Hidalgo kindly provided assistance with abstract translation. Special thanks to the many volunteer banders at the Caribbean Conservation Corporation in Tortugero, Costa Rica. Thanks to Klamath Bird Observatory, Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Red-wood Sciences Laboratory, and Humboldt Bay Bird Observatory. Special thanks to David and Consuelo Romo, Kelly Swing, Jaime Guerra, and all the Tiputini Biodiversity Station staff for their tireless logistical and field support. JACUC protocol number 5-12-20 for fieldwork at Tiputini Biodiversity Station. This research was conducted in accordance with permit number 13-IC-FAUDFN, Ministerio de Ambiente, Distrito Forestal Napo, Tena, Ecuador. We thank them for allowing us to conduct our research at the Tiputini Biodiversity Station. Funding was provided by the International Center for Tropical Ecology, AFO's Alexander Bergstrom Award, National Geographic Society (7113-01) and National Science Foundation (IBN 0235141, IOB 0508189, OISE 0513341). This has been a contribution of the Tortuguero Integrated Bird Monitoring Project. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 16 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 429YN UT WOS:000264956100001 ER PT J AU Salgado-Ortiz, J Marra, PP Robertson, RJ AF Salgado-Ortiz, Javier Marra, Peter P. Robertson, Raleigh J. TI BREEDING SEASONALITY OF THE MANGROVE WARBLER (DENDROICA PETECHIA BRYANTI) FROM SOUTHERN MEXICO SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Breeding biology; Mangrove Warbler; Yellow Warbler; Dendroica petechia; Dendroica petechia bryanti; Yucatan Peninsula ID RAIN-FOREST BIRD; YELLOW WARBLER; LIFE-HISTORY; BIOLOGY; REPRODUCTION; ENVIRONMENT; PHENOLOGY; GALAPAGOS; ECOLOGY AB The Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) taxonomic complex includes long-distance temperate-tropical migrants and year-round tropical resident subspecies. While life history traits of northern migratory populations have been widely studied, little is known from their tropical counterparts. Based on observations obtained during three consecutive years (2001-2003), we provide baseline data on breeding seasonality of the Mangrove Warbler (D. p. bryanti) from southern Mexico. Breeding was quite seasonal, with clutches initiating each year during the latest portion of the dry season. The average date of clutch initiation was 18 May, but there was a significant annual variation resulting in a breeding season expanded over a period of three and a half months (mid April to end of July). Percentage of active nests was highest in May coinciding with peaks in food abundance. Arthropod abundance was not correlated with the amount of rainfall as abundance peaks occurred during the last portion of the dry season and dropped with the arrival of the rainy season. Annual variation in nesting and clutch initiation suggests that Mangrove Warblers might track changes in food availability as an environmental clue to adjust their timing of breeding. Accepted 28 April 2009. C1 [Salgado-Ortiz, Javier; Robertson, Raleigh J.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20012 USA. RP Salgado-Ortiz, J (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM javo_salgado@yahoo.com.mx FU CONACYT-Mexico; Queen's University; Smithsonian Institution Fellowship Program FX We thank the authorities at Celestun Biosphere Reserve and Ducks Unlimited of Mexico (DUMAC) for permits and logistical support. Special thanks go to David Alonso Parra, David Bacab, Esteban Medrano, Luis Carrillo, Andrew Stevens, and Elsa Figueroa for their valuable field assistance. The study was supported financially by CONACYT-Mexico, and grants from Queen's University and the Smithsonian Institution Fellowship Program. We also thank Fernando Villasenor, Leonardo Chapa Jorge Vega, Andre Weller, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments to the manuscript. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2009 VL 20 IS 2 BP 255 EP 263 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 457UB UT WOS:000266958200008 ER PT J AU Cardoni, DA Maldonado, JE Isacch, JP Greenberg, R AF Augusto Cardoni, Daniel Maldonado, Jesus Eduardo Pablo Isacch, Juan Greenberg, Russell TI SUBTLE SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE BAY-CAPPED WREN-SPINETAIL (SPARTONOICA MALUROIDES; FURNARIIDAE) UNCOVERED THROUGH MOLECULAR SEX DETERMINATION SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Bay-capped Wren-Spinetail; cryptic sexual dimorphism; sex determination; DNA analysis; grassland bird ID FEMALE MANX SHEARWATERS; SOUTHERN VERACRUZ; SIZE DIMORPHISM; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; PUFFINUS-PUFFINUS; BIRDS; MEXICO; DICHROMATISM; MOVEMENTS; SPARROWS AB The family Furnariidae comprises putatively sexually monomorphic species, such as the Bay-capped Wren-Spinetail (Spartonoica maluroides). The goal of this study was to test for possible dimorphism in this species. We sexed 65 individual Bay-capped Wren-spinetails using molecular techniques. We subsequently performed a stepwise discriminant function analysis (DFA) on ten morphological measurements to select the best subset of variables capable of differentiating the sexes. We found that males had a longer rufous cap and wings than females. Furthermore, the bill length-depth ratio values were higher in females than males, indicating that males had more robust bills than females. In an a posteriori analysis, the discriminant function correctly determined the sex of 80% of the overall samples, (71 and 89% of males and females, respectively). We suggest that, in the light of these results indicating sexual dimorphism in a species previously thought to have none, other furnariid species be better examined to determine whether sexual dimorphism is actually common, albeit subtle, in this family. The functional significance of these differences needs further exploration. Accepted 4 June 2009. C1 [Augusto Cardoni, Daniel; Pablo Isacch, Juan] Univ Nacl Mar del Plata, Dept Biol, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Augusto Cardoni, Daniel; Pablo Isacch, Juan] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Maldonado, Jesus Eduardo] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, NZP NMNH, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Cardoni, DA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Mar del Plata, Dept Biol, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Funes 3250, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM acardoni@mdp.edu.ar FU Smithsonian Institution restricted endowment funds; Smithsonian Graduate Student fellowship; Short Term Vistor grant; CONICET; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (Argentina); Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Manomet Conservation and Sigma-Xi-The Scientific Research Society FX We thank Dana Hawley and the staff of the genetics lab of the National Zoological Park for help with the use of sexing primers. We also thank Valentina Ferretti and Paulo Llambias (Cornell University) for Spartonoica maluroides blood samples from Lavalle, and James V. Remsen for comments about this work. Financial support was provided by the Smithsonian Institution restricted endowment funds, Smithsonian Graduate Student fellowship and a Short Term Vistor grant, CONICET, Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (Argentina), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Manomet Conservation and Sigma-Xi-The Scientific Research Society. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 347 EP 355 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 494YD UT WOS:000269854800003 ER PT J AU Bennington, JB Dimichele, WA Badgley, C Bambach, RK Barrett, PM Behrensmeyer, AK Bobe, R Burnham, RJ Daeschler, EB Van Dam, J Eronen, JT Erwin, DH Finnegan, S Holland, SM Hunt, G Jablonski, D Jackson, ST Jacobs, BE Kidwell, SM Koch, PL Kowalewski, MJ Labandeira, CC Looy, CV Lyons, SK Novack-Gottshall, PM Potts, R Roopnarine, PD Stromberg, CAE Sues, HD Wagner, PJ Wilf, P Wing, SL AF Bennington, J. Bret Dimichele, William A. Badgley, Catherine Bambach, Richard K. Barrett, Paul M. Behrensmeyer, Anna K. Bobe, Rene Burnham, Robyn J. Daeschler, Edward B. Van Dam, Jan Eronen, Jussi T. Erwin, Douglas H. Finnegan, Seth Holland, Steven M. Hunt, Gene Jablonski, David Jackson, Stephen T. Jacobs, Bonnie E. Kidwell, Susan M. Koch, Paul L. Kowalewski, Michal J. Labandeira, Conrad C. Looy, Cindy V. Lyons, S. Kathleen Novack-Gottshall, Philip M. Potts, Richard Roopnarine, Peter D. Stroemberg, Caroline A. E. Sues, Hans-Dieter Wagner, Peter J. Wilf, Peter Wing, Scott L. TI CRITICAL ISSUES OF SCALE IN PALEOECOLOGY SO PALAIOS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MOLLUSCAN DEATH ASSEMBLAGES; GRASS-DOMINATED HABITATS; FOSSIL RECORD; ABUNDANCE; RICHNESS; ORDOVICIAN; VEGETATION; PLANT; COMMUNITIES; GASTROPODS C1 [Bennington, J. Bret] Hofstra Univ, Dept Geol, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. [Dimichele, William A.; Bambach, Richard K.; Behrensmeyer, Anna K.; Erwin, Douglas H.; Hunt, Gene; Labandeira, Conrad C.; Looy, Cindy V.; Lyons, S. Kathleen; Potts, Richard; Sues, Hans-Dieter; Wagner, Peter J.; Wing, Scott L.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Badgley, Catherine; Burnham, Robyn J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wilf, Peter] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Stroemberg, Caroline A. E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Roopnarine, Peter D.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Barrett, Paul M.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Bobe, Rene; Holland, Steven M.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Novack-Gottshall, Philip M.] Univ W Georgia, Carrollton, GA USA. [Kowalewski, Michal J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Koch, Paul L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jablonski, David; Kidwell, Susan M.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Jacobs, Bonnie E.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Eronen, Jussi T.] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [Van Dam, Jan] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Finnegan, Seth] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Daeschler, Edward B.] Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Bennington, JB (reprint author), Hofstra Univ, Dept Geol, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. EM geojbb@hofstra.edu RI Kowalewski, Michal/B-4263-2008; Finnegan, Seth/A-5014-2009; Erwin, Douglas/A-9668-2009; Barrett, Paul/A-2648-2010; Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010; van Dam, Jan/B-9420-2012; DiMichele, William/K-4301-2012; Eronen, Jussi/B-7978-2013; Holland, Steven/A-8557-2008; OI Kowalewski, Michal/0000-0002-8575-4711; Barrett, Paul/0000-0003-0412-3000; Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020; Eronen, Jussi/0000-0002-0390-8044; Holland, Steven/0000-0002-4527-9370; Novack-Gottshall, Philip/0000-0002-2583-2968; Wing, Scott/0000-0002-2954-8905 NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 26 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.2110/palo.2009.S01 PG 4 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 408PC UT WOS:000263446000001 ER PT J AU Olszewski, TD Erwin, DH AF Olszewski, Thomas D. Erwin, Douglas H. TI CHANGE AND STABILITY IN PERMIAN BRACHIOPOD COMMUNITIES FROM WESTERN TEXAS SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID DETRENDED CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; COORDINATED STASIS; FOSSIL RECORD; NEW-MEXICO; DEATH ASSEMBLAGES; HAMILTON GROUP; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; REEF AB The silicified brachiopod faunas collected by G. Arthur Cooper and Richard E. Grant over decades of field work in the Permian Basin of western Texas provide a remarkable resource for studying change in the structure of fossilized ecological communities. Ordination analyses using 511 faunal lists that include 967 species (190 genera) from the Kungurian through the Capitanian Stages of the Guadalupe and Glass Mountains (similar to 15 myr) reveal four distinct, major stratigraphic clusters, each divisible into two to three subclusters. For the most part, these clusters coincide with third-order depositional sequences bounded by unconformities. Except for the youngest (Capitanian Stage), all the stratigraphic clusters show internal ordination patterns consistent with biogeographic and environmental (i.e., biotic gradients) control on the distribution of taxa. Despite this evidence for environmental sorting of taxa, Mantel tests indicate that patterns of generic co-occurrence break down from cluster to cluster despite sharing many of the same species and genera. This pattern cannot easily be explained by preservational or stratigraphic biases, suggesting that the processes that govern ecological communities may not lead to unique, strictly determined associations despite the presence of broadly similar species under similar environmental conditions. In contrast to the rest of the study interval, Capitanian clusters are less well structured (i.e., they do not show strong biotic gradients) than assemblages from any of the other clusters and do not show significant recurrence of generic associations. This may reflect evolution of carbonate margins in the basin from ramps to shelves with steep slopes over the duration of the study interval, a shift that may have changed the spatial distribution of (and covariation among) the environmental parameters that controlled brachiopod distributions. C1 [Olszewski, Thomas D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Olszewski, Thomas D.] Texas A&M Univ, Interdisciplinary Res Program Ecol & Evolutionary, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Erwin, Douglas H.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Erwin, Douglas H.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Olszewski, TD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tomo@geo.tamu.edu RI Erwin, Douglas/A-9668-2009 FU Petroleum Research Fund of the American Chemical Society (ACS-PRF) [46096-G8] FX We thank Liz Valiulis for providing initial drafts of some figures and for moral support in this project. Leigh Fall. Steve Holland, Matt Powell, Ben Dattilo, and Andy Bush all provided thorough and constructive reviews that greatly improved the clarity and organization of this paper. This work was supported in part by a grant from the Petroleum Research Fund of the American Chemical Society (ACS-PRF #46096-G8). NR 91 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.2110/palo.2008.p08-061r PG 14 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 408PC UT WOS:000263446000004 ER PT B AU Whitcomb, D AF Whitcomb, Donald BE Potter, LG TI THE GULF IN THE EARLY ISLAMIC PERIOD: THE CONTRIBUTION OF ARCHAEOLOGY TO REGIONAL HISTORY SO PERSIAN GULF IN HISTORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ARABIA C1 [Whitcomb, Donald] Univ Chicago, Oriental Inst, Middle E Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Whitcomb, Donald] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL USA. [Whitcomb, Donald] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Whitcomb, Donald] Metropolitan Museum Art, New York, NY 10028 USA. RP Whitcomb, D (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Oriental Inst, Middle E Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-61282-2 PY 2009 BP 71 EP 87 D2 10.1057/9780230618459 PG 17 WC Area Studies; History SC Area Studies; History GA BSI58 UT WOS:000284575000004 ER PT J AU Rabl, P Cappellaro, P Dutt, MVG Jiang, L Maze, JR Lukin, MD AF Rabl, P. Cappellaro, P. Dutt, M. V. Gurudev Jiang, L. Maze, J. R. Lukin, M. D. TI Strong magnetic coupling between an electronic spin qubit and a mechanical resonator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE diamond; dressed states; ground states; nitrogen; optical pumping; vacancies (crystal) ID RADIATION-PRESSURE; DIAMOND; MICROMIRROR; RESOLUTION; CAVITY AB We describe a technique that enables a strong coherent coupling between a single electronic spin qubit associated with a nitrogen-vacancy impurity in diamond and the quantized motion of a magnetized nanomechanical resonator tip. This coupling is achieved via careful preparation of dressed spin states which are highly sensitive to the motion of the resonator but insensitive to perturbations from the nuclear-spin bath. In combination with optical pumping techniques, the coherent exchange between spin and motional excitations enables ground-state cooling and controlled generation of arbitrary quantum superpositions of resonator states. Optical spin readout techniques provide a general measurement toolbox for the resonator with quantum limited precision. C1 [Rabl, P.; Cappellaro, P.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rabl, P.; Cappellaro, P.; Jiang, L.; Maze, J. R.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dutt, M. V. Gurudev] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Rabl, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Dutt, Gurudev /B-2889-2009; Cappellaro, Paola/B-1413-2010; Rabl, Peter/F-2810-2012; Jiang, Liang/A-9847-2008 OI Cappellaro, Paola/0000-0003-3207-594X; Rabl, Peter/0000-0002-2560-8835; Jiang, Liang/0000-0002-0000-9342 FU ITAMP; NSF; Packard Foundation. FX We thank M. Aspelmeyer, A. Yacoby, P. Zoller, and W. Zwerger for stimulating discussions. This work was supported by the ITAMP, the NSF, and the Packard Foundation. NR 28 TC 157 Z9 157 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 4 AR 041302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.041302 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401YB UT WOS:000262978400004 ER PT J AU Arkani-Hamed, N Finkbeiner, DP Slatyer, TR Weiner, N AF Arkani-Hamed, Nima Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Slatyer, Tracy R. Weiner, Neal TI A theory of dark matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM EMISSION; ELECTRONS; SIMULATIONS; COSMOLOGY; EXCESS AB We propose a comprehensive theory of dark matter that explains the recent proliferation of unexpected observations in high-energy astrophysics. Cosmic ray spectra from ATIC and PAMELA require a WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle). with mass M-chi similar to 500-800 GeV that annihilates into leptons at a level well above that expected from a thermal relic. Signals from WMAP and EGRET reinforce this interpretation. Limits on (p) over bar and pi(0)-gamma's constrain the hadronic channels allowed for dark matter. Taken together, we argue these facts imply the presence of a new force in the dark sector, with a Compton wavelength m(phi)(-1) less than or similar to 1 GeV-1. The long range allows a Sommerfeld enhancement to boost the annihilation cross section as required, without altering the weak-scale annihilation cross section during dark matter freeze-out in the early universe. If the dark matter annihilates into the new force carrier phi, its low mass can make hadronic modes kinematically inaccessible, forcing decays dominantly into leptons. If the force carrier is a non-Abelian gauge boson, the dark matter is part of a multiplet of states, and splittings between these states are naturally generated with size alpha m(phi) similar to MeV, leading to the eXciting dark matter (XDM) scenario previously proposed to explain the positron annihilation in the galactic center observed by the INTEGRAL satellite; the light boson invoked by XDM to mediate a large inelastic scattering cross section is identified with the phi here. Somewhat smaller splittings would also be expected, providing a natural source for the parameters of the inelastic dark matter (iDM) explanation for the DAMA annual modulation signal. Since the Sommerfeld enhancement is most significant at low velocities, early dark matter halos at redshift similar to 10 potentially produce observable effects on the ionization history of the universe. Because of the enhanced cross section, detection of substructure is more probable than with a conventional WIMP. Moreover, the low velocity dispersion of dwarf galaxies and Milky Way subhalos can increase the substructure annihilation signal by an additional order of magnitude or more. C1 [Arkani-Hamed, Nima] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Finkbeiner, Douglas P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Slatyer, Tracy R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Weiner, Neal] NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Arkani-Hamed, N (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. FU DOE [DE-FG02-91ER40654]; NSF CAREER [PHY-0449818]; DOE OJI [DE-FG02-06ER41417] FX We would like to thank Ilias Cholis, Lisa Goodenough, Peter Graham, Juan Maldacena, Patrick Meade, Michele Papucci, Nati Seiberg, Leonardo Senatore, David Shih, Tomer Volansky, and Yosi Gelfand for many stimulating discussions. We thank Matias Zaldarriaga for an enjoyable discussion about classical and quantum Sommerfeld effects, and David Shih for pointing out an error in our discussion of the parametrics of the Sommerfeld effect for the Yukawa potential in v. 1 of this paper, though our result is unchanged. We also thank Matt Strassler, Patrick Meade, and Tomer Volansky for a discussion of showering in annihilations to the non- Abelian GDark gauge bosons. The work of N. A.-H. is supported by the DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-91ER40654. N. W. is supported by NSF CAREER Grant No. PHY-0449818 and DOE OJI Grant No. DE-FG02-06ER41417. NR 59 TC 824 Z9 829 U1 14 U2 73 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 015014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.79.015014 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 401YJ UT WOS:000262979700084 ER PT J AU Yoo, J AF Yoo, Jaiyul TI Complete treatment of galaxy two-point statistics: Gravitational lensing effects and redshift-space distortions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; HALO OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; CROSS-CORRELATION; POWER SPECTRUM; ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS AB We present a coherent theoretical framework for computing gravitational lensing effects and redshift-space distortions in an inhomogeneous universe and investigate their impacts on galaxy two-point statistics. Adopting the linearized Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric, we derive the gravitational lensing and the generalized Sachs-Wolfe effects that include the weak lensing distortion, magnification, and time delay effects, and the redshift-space distortion, Sachs-Wolfe, and integrated Sachs-Wolfe effects, respectively. Based on this framework, we first compute their effects on observed source fluctuations, separating them as two physically distinct origins: the volume effect that involves the change of volume and is always present in galaxy two-point statistics, and the source effect that depends on the intrinsic properties of source populations. Then we identify several terms that are ignored in the standard method, and we compute the observed galaxy two-point statistics, an ensemble average of all the combinations of the intrinsic source fluctuations and the additional contributions from the gravitational lensing and the generalized Sachs-Wolfe effects. This unified treatment of galaxy two-point statistics clarifies the relation of the gravitational lensing and the generalized Sachs-Wolfe effects to the metric perturbations and the underlying matter fluctuations. For near-future dark energy surveys, we compute additional contributions to the observed galaxy two-point statistics and analyze their impact on the anisotropic structure. Thorough theoretical modeling of galaxy two-point statistics would be not only necessary to analyze precision measurements from upcoming dark energy surveys, but also provide further discriminatory power in understanding the underlying physical mechanisms. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Yoo, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jyoo@cfa.harvard.edu NR 85 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 2 AR 023517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.79.023517 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 401YK UT WOS:000262979800027 ER PT J AU Christin, PA Salamin, N Kellogg, EA Vicentini, A Besnard, G AF Christin, Pascal-Antoine Salamin, Nicolas Kellogg, Elizabeth A. Vicentini, Alberto Besnard, Guillaume TI Integrating Phylogeny into Studies of C-4 Variation in the Grasses SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BUNDLE-SHEATH CELLS; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; COMPARATIVE PROTEOMICS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MULTIPLE ORIGINS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PANICUM POACEAE; GLOBAL CHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION C1 [Christin, Pascal-Antoine; Salamin, Nicolas; Besnard, Guillaume] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Salamin, Nicolas] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Kellogg, Elizabeth A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Vicentini, Alberto] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Panama City, Panama. RP Christin, PA (reprint author), Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM pascal-antoine.christin@unil.ch RI Vicentini, Alberto/F-7479-2012; Christin, Pascal-Antoine/A-6634-2013; Besnard, Guillaume/B-9785-2008; Kellogg, Elizabeth/M-2845-2013 OI Vicentini, Alberto/0000-0002-5906-9358; Christin, Pascal-Antoine/0000-0001-6292-8734; Kellogg, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1671-7447 NR 51 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 149 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 DI 10.1104/pp.108.128553 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 391VE UT WOS:000262261500011 PM 19126698 ER PT B AU Grindlay, J Tang, S Simcoe, R Laycock, S Los, E Mink, D Doane, A Champine, G AF Grindlay, J. Tang, S. Simcoe, R. Laycock, S. Los, E. Mink, D. Doane, A. Champine, G. BE Osborn, W Robbins, L TI DASCH to Measure (and preserve) the Harvard Plates: Opening the similar to 100-year Time Domain Astronomy Window SO PRESERVING ASTRONOMY'S PHOTOGRAPHIC LEGACY: CURRENT STATE AND THE FUTURE OF NORTH AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL PLATES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Preserving Astronomys Photographic Legacy - Current State and the Future of North American Astronomical Plates CY NOV 01-03, 2007 CL Rosman, NC ID GUIDE STAR CATALOG AB The temporal Universe is now possible to study on previously inaccessible timescales of days to decades, over a full century; with the planned full-digitization of the Harvard plate collection. The Digital Access to a Sky Century @ Harvard (DASCH) project has developed the world's highest-speed precision plate scanner and the required software to digitize the similar to 500,000 glass photographic plates (mostly 20 x 25 cm) that record images of the full sky taken by some 20 telescopes in both hemispheres over the period 1880 - 1985. These provide similar to 500-1000 measures of any object brighter than the plate limit (typically B similar to 14 - 17) with photometric accuracy from the digital image typically Delta m similar to 0.10 - 0.15 mag, with the presently developed photometry pipeline and spatially-dependent calibration (using the Hubble Guide Star Catalog) for each plate. We provide an overview of DASCH, the processing, and example light curves that illustrate the power of this unique dataset and resource. Production scanning and serving on-line the entire similar to 1 PB database (both images and derived light curves) on spinning disk could be completed within similar to 3 - 5 y after funding (for scanner operations and database construction) is obtained. C1 [Grindlay, J.; Tang, S.; Simcoe, R.; Laycock, S.; Los, E.; Mink, D.; Doane, A.; Champine, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Grindlay, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-700-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 410 BP 101 EP 110 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQC65 UT WOS:000280700900008 ER PT B AU Cramer, CE Li, CH Glenday, AG Phillips, DF Furesz, G Sasselov, D Szentgyorgyi, A Walsworth, RL Benedick, A Kartner, FX AF Cramer, C. E. Li, C. -h. Glenday, A. G. Phillips, D. F. Furesz, G. Sasselov, D. Szentgyorgyi, A. Walsworth, R. L. Benedick, A. Kaertner, F. X. BE Maleki, L TI ASTRO-COMB: REVOLUTIONIZING PRECISION SPECTROSCOPY IN ASTROPHYSICS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH SYMPOSIUM FREQUENCY STANDARDS AND METROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology CY OCT 05-11, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Jet Propuls Lab, Aerospace Corporat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE laser frequency combs; radial velocity measurements; spectrograph calibration ID LASER; DECELERATION; PLANETS; S(-1) AB Precision Doppler spectroscopy in astrophysics is limited by the stability of calibration sources, as well as the number, width and distribution of available calibration lines. Broadband frequency combs generated from mode-locked femtosecond lasers have revolutionized precision laboratory spectroscopy. We present a laser comb with up to 40 GHz line-spacing, generated from a 1 GHz repetition-rate "source comb" and a Fabry-Perot filtering cavity. The line spacing can be optimized for use with any high-resolution astronomical spectrograph. Our prototype, which we have recently tested with the Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph on Mt. Hopkins, provides a 100-nm band of calibration light centered on 850 nm, in the center of the a region difficult to calibrate with atomic sources. The astro-comb should allow more than an order-of-magnitude improvement in sensitivity to changes in Doppler-shifts and cosmological redshifts, with significant impact on many fields, including stellar seismology, cosmology, and the search for extrasolar earths. C1 [Cramer, C. E.; Li, C. -h.; Glenday, A. G.; Phillips, D. F.; Furesz, G.; Sasselov, D.; Szentgyorgyi, A.; Walsworth, R. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cramer, CE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-283-821-6 PY 2009 BP 166 EP 174 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BLM52 UT WOS:000270540200017 ER PT J AU Lavigne, RJ Pogue, MG AF Lavigne, Robert J. Pogue, Michael G. TI ETHOLOGY OF OMNINABLAUTUS NIGRONOTUM (WILCOX) (DIPTERA: ASILIDAE) IN WYOMING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Diptera; Asilidae; Omninablautus nigronotum; behavior; feeding; courtship; mating AB In southwestern Wyoming, adult Omninablautus nigronotum (Wilcox) hunted primarily from the surface of sandy Substrate in a greasewood community. Prey, captured in flight, represented four insect orders with Diptera and Hymenoptera predominating. Courtship consisted of the male approaching the female from the front, bobbing up and down, Simultaneously waving its fore tarsi, and weaving back and forth. The flies positioned themselves linearly for mating following initial copulation in the male atop female position. C1 [Lavigne, Robert J.] S Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Lavigne, Robert J.] Univ Wyoming, Coll Agr, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Pogue, Michael G.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lavigne, RJ (reprint author), S Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. EM lavigne@netspace.net.au; michael.pogue@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [GB-296 17X] FX This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Research Grant GB-296 17X. We express our appreciation to the following taxonomists for identification of the various prey: R. J. Gagne (Cecidomyiidae), E. E. Grissell (Eulophidae), L. Knutson (Bombyliidae), J. P. Kramer (Cicadellidae), D. R. Smith (Formicidae), and F. C. Thompson (Anthomylidae) of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.1 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 403YM UT WOS:000263117900001 ER PT J AU Willmott, KR Freitas, AVL Hall, JPW Silva-Brandao, KL Paluch, M AF Willmott, Keith R. Freitas, Andre V. L. Hall, Jason P. W. Silva-Brandao, Karina L. Paluch, Marlon TI A NEW SPECIES OF ACTINOTE HUBNER FROM THE EASTERN ANDES OF ECUADOR (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE: HELICONIINAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Actinote; Brazil; Ecuador; morphology; mtDNA sequence data ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; ACRAEINI AB A new species of Actinote Hubner, A. kennethi Freitas, Willmott and Hall (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae), is described from Cloud forest habitats in eastern Ecuador. Molecular sequence data and morphological characters both indicate that the new taxon is closely related to Actinote g. genitrix d'Almeida, 1922, from southeastern Brazil, and the Venezuelan Actinote genitrix costae Neild, 2008. Based on the Substantial geographic isolation of these taxa, observed morphological differences and mtDNA sequence divergence, we argue for the treatment of the new Ecuadorian Actinote taxon as a distinct species. C1 [Willmott, Keith R.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, McGuire Ctr Lepidoptera & Biodivers, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Freitas, Andre V. L.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Zool, Inst Biol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Hall, Jason P. W.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Silva-Brandao, Karina L.] Dept Entomol Fitopatol & Zool Agr Esalq USP, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Paluch, Marlon] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Zool, Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Willmott, KR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, McGuire Ctr Lepidoptera & Biodivers, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM kwillmott@flmnh.uf1.edu RI Silva-Brandao, Karina/F-4955-2012; Freitas, Andre/B-7513-2013 OI Freitas, Andre/0000-0002-5763-4990 FU National Geographic Society [5751-96]; Sigma Xi; National Science Foundation [0103746, 0639977, 0639861, 0527441]; Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [CNPq] [151004/2005-6]; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [FA-PESP] [06/60127-0, 07/539190, 00/01484-1, 04/05269-9]; BIOTA-FAPESP [98/05101-8]; Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino a Pesquisa e a Extensao [1659/04]; CNPq [300315/2005-8] FX We thank Carla Penz and Ronaldo Francini for helpful comments on the manuscript. KRW and JPWH thank the National Geographic Society (Research and Exploration Grant #5751-96), Sigma Xi, and the National Science Foundation (Biodiversity Surveys and Inventories grants #0103746, #0639977, #0639861) for assistance with field expenses; Blanca Huertas for sending information about Actinote specimens at the Natural History Museum, London; and the Ministerio del Ambiente (Direccion de Bosques y de Areas Naturales Protegidas) and the Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, in Quito, for arranging the necessary permits for research in Ecuador. KLSB acknowledges the Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [CNPq] (fellowship #151004/2005-6) and the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [FA-PESP] (grants #06/60127-0, #07/539190); and AVLF acknowledges the FA-PESP (grants #00/01484-1 and #04/05269-9), the BIOTA-FAPESP program (grant #98/05101-8), the Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino a Pesquisa e a Extensao (PAPDIC grant #1659/04), the CNPq (fellowship #300315/2005-8), and the National Science Foundation (DEB grant #0527441, #0639861). NR 24 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.47 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 403YM UT WOS:000263117900008 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI A REVIEW OF THE TRIPUDIA QUADRIFERA (ZELLER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) SPECIES COMPLEX SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Eustrotiinae; New World; new species; taxonomy AB Specimens comprising the species Tripudia quadrifera (Zeller) and Tripudia grapholithoides (Moschler) were discovered to contain six new species: Tripudia rectangula, n. sp., from the eastern United States; Tripudia paraplesia, n. sp., from eastern Mexico; Tripudia flavibrunnea, n. sp., from Mexico, Guatemala, and the Dominican Republic; Tripudia lamina, n. sp., from eastern Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, Venezuela, and Ecuador; Tripudia furcula, n. sp., from El Salvador and Honduras; and Tripudia fabrilium, n. sp., from Pernambuco, Brazil. Adults and male and female genitalia are illustrated. Known collection sites of all species are mapped. Keys to the male and female genitalia are provided, as this is the only reliable way to separate these species. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.pogue@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 68 EP 97 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.68 PG 30 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 403YM UT WOS:000263117900010 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Pena, JE Long, D Acevedo, F AF Henry, Thomas J. Pena, J. E. Long, D. Acevedo, F. TI STETHOCONUS PRAEFECTUS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE): FIRST NORTH AMERICAN RECORDS OF AN OLD WORLD PLANT BUG PREDACIOUS ON AVOCADO LACE BUG, PSEUDACYSTA PERSEAE (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE), IN FLORIDA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; United States; description; new records; host ID TYPICUS DISTANT HETEROPTERA; JAPONICUS HETEROPTERA; COCONUT PALM; PREDATOR; PEST AB The plant bug Stethoconus praefectus (Distant), a member of the subfamily Deraeocorinae and tribe Hyaliodini, is reported in North America for the first time based on specimens collected on avocado, Persea americana L. (Lauraceae), in South Florida. This predatory mirid, observed feeding on avocado lace bug, Pseudacysta perseae (Heidemann), is only the second lace bug specialist established in the Western Hemisphere. The adult is diagnosed and redescribed; photographs of the adult female, SEM photomicrographs of selected structures, and illustrations of male genitalia are given to help distinguish this species. Preliminary observations on feeding habits and prey consumption of avocado lace bugs are provided. C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Pena, J. E.; Long, D.; Acevedo, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Thomas.Henry@ars.usda.gov; jepe@ifas.ufl.edu NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.98 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 403YM UT WOS:000263117900011 ER PT J AU Gagne, RJ AF Gagne, Raymond J. TI THE GENUS ARNOLDIOLA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN THE NEARCTIC REGION, WITH NEW SYNONYMIES AND COMBINATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE gall midges; Holarctic; oak; chestnut AB Six nominal species of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) originally assigned to four separate genera and recognized here as three valid species are transferred to Arnoldiola Strand. They are as follows: Arnoldiola azaleae (Felt 1907a), new combination (from Oligotrophus Latreille); Arnoldiola caudata (Felt 1915), new combination (from Phytophaga Rondani) and new synonym of A. azaleae; Arnoldiola brevicornis (Felt 1907a), new combination (from Janetiella. Kieffer); Arnoldiola tiliacei (Felt 1907a), new combination (from Janetiella) and new synonym of A. brevicornis; Arnoldiola castaneae (Felt 1909), new combination (from Rhopalomyia Rubsaamen); and Arnoldiola ligni (Felt 1915), new combination (from Janetiella) and new synonym of A. castaneae. Diagnostic characters of the genus are outlined, and the newly combined species are described with some characters illustrated. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Raymond.Gagne@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 106 EP 110 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.106 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 403YM UT WOS:000263117900012 ER PT J AU Droege, S Davis, CA Steiner, WE Mawdsley, J AF Droege, Sam Davis, Charles A. Steiner, Warren E., Jr. Mawdsley, Jonathan TI THE LOST MICRO-DESERTS OF THE PATUXENT RIVER: USING LANDSCAPE HISTORY, INSECT AND PLANT SPECIMENS, AND FIELD WORK TO DETECT AND DEFINE A UNIQUE COMMUNITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Apoidea; Tenebrionidae; Cicindelidae; tiger beetles; bees; sand specialists; floristics; Maryland; Anne Arundel County; inventory; sand barrens; Jug Bay; sand pits ID COLEOPTERA; CARABIDAE; MARYLAND; USA AB Historical and recent records of both plants and insects are synthesized for uplands along the eastern edge of Maryland's Patuxent River from the edge of the Piedmont south to Jug Bay. This strip is characterized by deep sandy soils found in the Evesboro and Galestown sandy loams soil series. Within this narrow strip there exists a unique flora and fauna adapted to open dry sandy soils and occurring in small remnant patches associated with old sand mining operations and scattered protected areas. We illustrate the uniqueness of these sites using four groups: vascular plants, tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), and bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Within each of these groups, rare species were detected whose populations were locally restricted to this soil type and whose nearest known populations were often hundreds of kilometers away. In addition to documenting the direct conservation importance of these small sandy openings along the Patuxent, we contrast the lack of any indication from vertebrate inventories that this region is unique. The combination of plant and insect inventories appears to be a better means of clarifying a site's importance than does any survey of a single taxonomic group. C1 [Droege, Sam] BARC EAST, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mawdsley, Jonathan] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Droege, S (reprint author), BARC EAST, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Bldg 308,Room 124,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sdroege@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 132 EP 144 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.132 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 403YM UT WOS:000263117900016 ER PT J AU Blinn, DW Ruiter, DE Flint, OS AF Blinn, Dean W. Ruiter, David E. Flint, Oliver S., Jr. TI NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF CADDISFLIES (TRICHOPTERA) FROM CARROLL COUNTY, IOWA, USA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE survey; indicator species; stream embeddedness; riparian cover; specific conductance; distribution ID RIVER-BASIN; MINNESOTA; HYDROPSYCHIDAE; PLECOPTERA; CHECKLIST; INSECTA AB Six families, 18 genera, and 34 species of Trichoptera are reported from Carroll County in western Iowa. of which 18 are new state records. Hydropyschidae, Hydroptilidae, and Leptoceridae made up over 80% of the caddisfly fauna. The caddisfly, assemblage corresponded to streams that were highly altered by agricultural activity with heavy sedimentation and reduced canopy cover. Supplemental collections from central and eastern Iowa were also Made. Assemblages in Carroll County were markedly different than those in the Paleozoic Plateau/Coulee Section in northeastern Iowa. We located an additional 14 species records in the literature and have an additional 13 new state records, primarily from central and eastern Iowa collections, for a total of 63 caddisfly species now reported for the state. C1 [Blinn, Dean W.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Flint, Oliver S., Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20012 USA. RP Blinn, DW (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM deandiacad@comcast.net NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.151 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 403YM UT WOS:000263117900018 ER PT J AU Adamski, D Boege, K Landry, JF Sohn, JC AF Adamski, David Boege, Karina Landry, Jean-Francois Sohn, Jae-Cheon TI TWO NEW SPECIES OF WOCKIA HEINEMANN (LEPIDOPTERA: URODIDAE) FROM COASTAL DRY-FORESTS IN WESTERN MEXICO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Anchimacheta; chaetotaxy; Chamela; DNA barcodes; genitalia; genetic distance; Neotropics; pupa; Spiladarcha; Urodidae; Urodus AB Two new species of Wockia Heinemann, 1870 (Lepidoptera: Urodidae), W. chewbacca and W. mexicana, are described from primary dry-forests in western Mexico. A new host record is reported for the genus from larvae of W. chewbacca feeding on leaves of Casearia nitida (L.) Jacq. (Salicaceae). Several shared genitalic features and DNA barcode similarities suggest a congeneric relationship between the two Mexican species but uncertain generic placement within Urodidae. Scanning electron micrographs of the larva and illustrations of the larva and pupa of Wockia chewbacca are provided, along with illustrations of male and female genitalia of both Mexican species. Three unusual features found in the larval stage are documented for W. chewbacca include; a multi-lobed integument, recurved D2 seta on the shield of T1, and a "hydroid bush" consisting of multiple sensilla trichoidea on the apical turret of the antenna. Locality data indicate the existence of Neotropical elements of Wockia and an expanded distributional range for the genus. C1 [Adamski, David] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Boege, Karina] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Landry, Jean-Francois] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Sohn, Jae-Cheon] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Adamski, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,NHB E523, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM david.adamski@ars.usda.gov; kboege@servidor.unam.mx; landryjf@agr.gc.ca; acontia@hotmail.com NR 0 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 166 EP 182 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.166 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 403YM UT WOS:000263117900020 ER PT J AU Zhang, JH Yang, D Mathis, WN AF Zhang, Junhua Yang, Ding Mathis, Wayne N. TI A NEW SPECIES OF THE SHORE-FLY GENUS OEDENOPIFORMA COGAN FROM THE ORIENTAL REGION, WITH AN UPDATED KEY TO THE SPECIES (DIPTERA: EPHYDRIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Ephydridae; Oedenopiforma; new species; China AB The genus Oedenopiforma Cogan is reported from the Oriental Region for the first time. Oedenopiforma orientalis, n. sp., is described from China. An updated key to the world species of the genus is presented. C1 [Zhang, Junhua; Yang, Ding] China Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Mathis, Wayne N.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Zhang, JH (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM dyangcau@yahoo.com.cn; mathisw@si.edu FU Natural Science Foundation of China [30225009] FX We are very grateful to Mr. Xingyue Liu, Ms. Hui Dong and Mr. Gang Yao (Beijing) for collecting the specimens. The research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China Drs. (No. 30225009). We are grateful to Philip J. Clausen and James F. Edmiston for their reviews and comments on the manuscript. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.199 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 403YM UT WOS:000263117900022 ER PT J AU Adamski, D Hevel, GF Pultyniewicz, A AF Adamski, David Hevel, Gary F. Pultyniewicz, Alan TI REDESCRIPTION AND IMMATURE STAGES OF PROMALACTIS SUZUKIELLA (MATSUMURA) (GELECHIOIDEA: OECOPHORIDAE), A NEW INTRODUCTION INTO THE UNITED STATES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Asia; invasive species; Japan; rotting wood; tree bark AB Promalactis suzukiella (Matsumura) was discovered independently several times over the past 5 years throughout the northeastern United States by private collectors and biophotographers. These discoveries represent the first records of this species in the United States and validate its approximate distributional range. Color photographs and a redescription of the adult, including the male and female genitalia, are provided. The larva and pupa of Promalactis are described in detail for the first time, with scanning electron micrographs and chaetotaxal maps. A lectotype for Borkhausenia suzukiella Matsumura, 1931, is designated herein. The importance of "backyard collecting" and amateur biophotography is emphasized, and participants are encouraged to continue the documentation of their findings through meetings, publication, and the internet. C1 [Adamski, David; Hevel, Gary F.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Adamski, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,NHB E523, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM david.damski@ars.usda.gov; hevelg@si.edu NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 204 EP 214 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.204 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 403YM UT WOS:000263117900023 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML Morita, SI AF Buffington, Matthew L. Morita, Shelah I. TI NOT ALL OAK GALL WASPS GALL OAKS: THE DESCRIPTION OF DRYOCOSMUS RILEYPOKEI, A NEW, APOSTATE SPECIES OF CYNIPINI FROM CALIFORNIA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Dryocosmus; Chrysolepis; new species; gall wasp; predisperal seed predator ID HYMENOPTERA; EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; CYNIPOIDEA; PHYLOGENY; FAGACEAE AB Cynipini gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) are commonly known as oak gall wasps for their almost exclusive use of oak (Quercus spp.; Fagaceae) as their host plant. Previously, only three of the nearly 1,000 species of Cynipini have been recorded from hosts other than Quercus. These three are known from western chinquapin (Chrysolepis), chestnut (Castanea) and tanbark oak (Lithocarpus), all lineages of Fagaceae related to Quercus. Here we describe Dryocosmus rileypokei Morita & Buffington, new species, a second species of cynipine which attacks Chrysolepis. Unlike the previously known gall wasp D. castanopsidis, which produces a medium-sized spherical external gall near the base of the staminate (male) flowers of Chrysolepis sempervirens, D. rileypokei attacks the same host acting as a nut galler. Dryocosmus rileypokei creates a gall within the mesocarp wall of the nut and appears to draw nutrients away from the developing seed. Later instar larvae and teneral adults were found within these internal galls. It appears that the adult wasp eventually chews an exit hole from these galleries. The evolution of host use in the three, non-oak galling Dryocosmus species is discussed. C1 [Morita, Shelah I.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Buffington, Matthew L.] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH, Smithsonian Inst, 10th & Constitut Ave NW,POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov; simorita@ncsu.edu NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 244 EP 253 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.244 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 403YM UT WOS:000263117900026 ER PT J AU Adamski, D Hoddle, M AF Adamski, David Hoddle, Mark TI A NEW HOLCOCERA CLEMENS FROM GUATEMALA AND REDESCRIPTION OF H. ICERYAEELLA (RILEY) FROM THE UNITED STATES (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE: BLASTOBASINAE: HOLCOCERINI): TWO CONGENERS WITH INCIDENTAL PREFERENCE FOR AVOCADO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE avocado; fruit; Histura; horticulture; Neotropics; opportunist; Persea; predator; Stenoma catenifer; taxonomy AB Two species of Holcocera Clemens (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae: Holcocerini) are known to feed on Pet-sea americana Mill. (Lauraceae), but their frequency of infestation appears low. One species, Holcocera plagatola, n. sp., from Guatemala, is described herein. Holcocera iceryaeella (Riley) is known only from California and has been recorded on many different host plants; it is also known to be a predator of immature Hemiptera and scale insects. Photographs of the imagos of both Holcocera species are included, in addition to illustrations of the male and female genitalia. We comment on host preferences for both species. C1 [Adamski, David] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hoddle, Mark] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Adamski, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,NHB E523, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM david.adamski@ars.usda.gov; mark.hoddle@ucr.edu FU California Avocado Commission FX Funding for this work came in part from the California Avocado Commission. We thank Richard and Eugenia West and DurWest Farms for providing invaluable help with logistics and planning while in Guatemala; Peter Frank and members of Anaguacate for assistance with the location of Field sites; Hector Leal for unlimited access to Finca San Miguel Unas; Christina Hoddle who assisted with all Field collections of similar to 7,000 avocado fruits, processing of extracted seeds, and cataloguing of specimens reared from fruit Pulp and seeds; John W. Brown, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, who provided identifications of Tortricidae, and Michael Pogue of the same laboratory, who provided the identifications of Noctuidae; Jerry A. Powell, Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley, for providing host information from his host database; John S. Steiner, Center for Scientific Imaging and Photography, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC , for the images or the adult moths and plate production; and Mary Crooks from Dunedin, New Zealand, for the fine illustrations of the male and female genitalia of the species treated herein. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 254 EP 262 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.254 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 403YM UT WOS:000263117900027 ER PT S AU Faisal, FHM AF Faisal, Farhad H. M. BE Yamanouchi, K Becker, A Li, R Chin, SL TI A Gauge-Invariant Theory of Intense-Field Coulomb Approximations to All Orders SO PROGRESS IN ULTRAFAST INTENSE LASER SCIENCE, VOL IV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TUNNEL REGIME; ELECTRONS; ATOMS AB We present a gauge invariant theory of intense-field Coulomb approximations to all orders. The present theory, overcomes a longstanding discrepancy between the strong-field velocity and the length gauge approximations, as well as accounts for the long-range Coulomb interaction in the final-state. C1 [Faisal, Farhad H. M.] Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. [Faisal, Farhad H. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Faisal, FHM (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-69142-6 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2009 VL 91 BP 1 EP 15 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-69143-3 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BJR55 UT WOS:000267025700001 ER PT J AU Marengo, M AF Marengo, M. TI A Review of AGB Mass Loss Imaging Techniques SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Review DE circumstellar matter; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: mass loss ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; VARIABLE S-ORIONIS; BISPECTRUM SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY; ANGULAR SIZE MEASUREMENTS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEM; STAR CH-CYGNI; DUST SHELL; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES AB Circumstellar imaging across the electromagnetic spectrum allows us to derive fundamental diagnostics for the physics of mass loss in the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) phase. I review the current status of the field, with particular emphasis on the techniques that provide the strongest constraints for mass-loss modeling efforts. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Marengo, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mmarengo@cfa.harvard.edu NR 160 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1323-3580 EI 1448-6083 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2009 VL 26 IS 3 BP 365 EP 371 DI 10.1071/AS09004 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 498ID UT WOS:000270131300040 ER PT J AU Longmore, SN Burton, MG AF Longmore, S. N. Burton, M. G. TI Ks-band, 2.14-mu m Imaging of Southern Massive Star Formation Regions Traced by Methanol Masers SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: stellar content, masers; infrared: stars; stars: early type; stars: formation ID H II REGIONS; CORES; CONTINUUM; 2MASS AB We present deep, wide-fields, Ks-band (2.14-mu m) images towards 87 southern massive star formation regions traced by methanol maser emission. Using point-spread function fitting, we generate 2.14-mu m point source catalogues (PSCs) towards each of the regions. For the regions between 10 degrees < l < 350 degrees and vertical bar b vertical bar < 1, we match the 2.14-mu m sources with the GLIMPSE point source catalogue to generate a combined 2.14- to 8.0-mu m point source catalogue. We provide this data for the astronomical community to utilise in studies of the stellar content of embedded clusters. C1 [Longmore, S. N.; Burton, M. G.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Longmore, S. N.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Longmore, S. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Longmore, SN (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM slongmore@cfa.harvard.edu FU UNSW FX We thank Stuart Ryder for help with the data reduction. S.N.L. was partially funded by an internal grant from UNSW. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2009 VL 26 IS 4 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1071/AS09017 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 514SM UT WOS:000271415900004 ER PT J AU Battat, JBR Murphy, TW Adelberger, EG Gillespie, B Hoyle, CD McMillan, RJ Michelsen, EL Nordtvedt, K Orin, AE Stubbs, CW Swanson, HE AF Battat, J. B. R. Murphy, T. W., Jr. Adelberger, E. G. Gillespie, B. Hoyle, C. D. McMillan, R. J. Michelsen, E. L. Nordtvedt, K. Orin, A. E. Stubbs, C. W. Swanson, H. E. TI The Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation (APOLLO): Two Years of Millimeter-Precision Measurements of the Earth-Moon Range SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID RETRO-REFLECTOR AB In 2006 April, the Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation (APOLLO) began its science campaign to measure the Earth-Moon separation to millimeter precision. Since that time more than 280 "normal-point" measurements have been made of the distance between the Apache Point Observatory (APO) 3.5-m telescope in New Mexico and retro-reflector arrays on the surface of the Moon. If only statistical errors are considered, then the median nightly range measurement uncertainty for all of our data is 1.8 mm of one-way path, and is 1.1 mm for data after 2007 September. We present an analysis of the APOLLO system performance, highlighting the record-breaking photon return rates and the ability to perform high-cadence observations of multiple lunar retro-reflector targets in a short (30-60 minute) time span. We also show that there is no evidence to suggest that the APOLLO apparatus introduces drifts in the lunar-range measurement over timescales of minutes to an hour. C1 [Battat, J. B. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Battat, J. B. R.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Murphy, T. W., Jr.; Michelsen, E. L.; Orin, A. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Adelberger, E. G.; Swanson, H. E.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gillespie, B.; McMillan, R. J.] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM USA. [Hoyle, C. D.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Nordtvedt, K.] Northwest Anal, Bozeman, MT USA. [Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Battat, JBR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jbattat@mit.edu RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012 OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724 FU MIT Pappalardo Fellowship program FX We would like to express our gratitude to the following members of the McDonald Laser- Ranging System for their valuable insights based on decades of successful LLR observations: Judit Reis, Randy Ricklefs, Peter Shelus, Eric Silverberg, and Jerry Wiant. We also thank James Williams and Dale Boggs at JPL for providing their archival LLR normal- point data set and for their help in characterizing our prediction range model. In addition, we thank the staff at APO for their assistance with hardware development and maintenance and acknowledge the ongoing contributions of the APO observing specialists ( especially Jack Dembicky, Bill Ketzeback, and Gabrelle Saurage) and the APOLLO aircraft avoidance spotters. We also thank the University of Washington APO time allocation committee for granting APOLLO observing time on the 3.5- m telescope. We especially thank Suzanne Hawley for providing the APOLLO project with a generous allocation of Director's Discretionary Time. J. B. R. B. was supported by the MIT Pappalardo Fellowship program. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 121 IS 875 BP 29 EP 40 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 404LF UT WOS:000263152600004 ER PT J AU Carey, SJ Noriega-Crespo, A Mizuno, DR Shenoy, S Paladini, R Kraemer, KE Price, SD Flagey, N Ryan, E Ingalls, JG Kuchar, TA Goncalves, DP Indebetouw, R Billot, N Marleau, FR Padgett, DL Rebull, LM Bressert, E Ali, B Molinari, S Martin, PG Berriman, GB Boulanger, F Latter, WB Miville-Deschenes, MA Shipman, R Testi, L AF Carey, S. J. Noriega-Crespo, A. Mizuno, D. R. Shenoy, S. Paladini, R. Kraemer, K. E. Price, S. D. Flagey, N. Ryan, E. Ingalls, J. G. Kuchar, T. A. Goncalves, Daniela Pinheiro Indebetouw, R. Billot, N. Marleau, F. R. Padgett, D. L. Rebull, L. M. Bressert, E. Ali, Babar Molinari, S. Martin, P. G. Berriman, G. B. Boulanger, F. Latter, W. B. Miville-Deschenes, M. A. Shipman, R. Testi, L. TI MIPSGAL: A Survey of the Inner Galactic Plane at 24 and 70 mu m SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Review ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED-DARK CLOUDS; H-II REGIONS; APERTURE-SUBMILLIMETER-TELESCOPE; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; TRIGGERED STAR-FORMATION; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; SUPERNOVA REMNANT AB MIPSGAL is a 278 deg(2) survey of the inner Galactic plane using the Multiband Infrared Photometer for Spitzer aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. The survey field was imaged in two passbands, 24 and 70 mu m with resolutions of 6 '' and 18 '', respectively. The survey was designed to provide a uniform, well-calibrated and well-characterized data set for general inquiry of the inner Galactic plane and as a longer-wavelength complement to the shorter-wavelength Spitzer survey of the Galactic plane: Galactic Plane Infrared Mapping Survey Extraordinaire. The primary science drivers of the current survey are to identify all high-mass (M > 5 M-circle dot) protostars in the inner Galactic disk and to probe the distribution, energetics, and properties of interstellar dust in the Galactic disk. The observations were planned to minimize data artifacts due to image latents at 24 mu m and to provide full coverage at 70 mu m. Observations at ecliptic latitudes within 15 of the ecliptic plane were taken at multiple epochs to help reject asteroids. The data for the survey were collected in three epochs, 2005 September-October, 2006 April, and 2006 October with all of the data available to the public. The estimated point-source sensitivities of the survey are 2 and 75 mJy (3 sigma) at 24 and 70 mu m, respectively. Additional data processing was needed to mitigate image artifacts due to bright sources at 24 mu m and detector responsivity variations at 70 mu m due to the large dynamic range of the Galactic plane. Enhanced data products including artifact-mitigated mosaics and point-source catalogs are being produced with the 24 mu m mosaics already publicly available from the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive. Some preliminary results using the enhanced data products are described. C1 [Carey, S. J.; Noriega-Crespo, A.; Shenoy, S.; Paladini, R.; Flagey, N.; Ryan, E.; Ingalls, J. G.; Marleau, F. R.; Padgett, D. L.; Rebull, L. M.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mizuno, D. R.; Kuchar, T. A.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Kraemer, K. E.; Price, S. D.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, RVBYB, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Ryan, E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Goncalves, Daniela Pinheiro; Martin, P. G.] Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Indebetouw, R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Billot, N.; Marleau, F. R.; Ali, Babar; Berriman, G. B.; Latter, W. B.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bressert, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Molinari, S.] Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Boulanger, F.; Miville-Deschenes, M. A.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Shipman, R.] Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Testi, L.] Arcetri Observ, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Carey, SJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, MS 220-6, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM carey@ipac.caltech.edu RI Molinari, Sergio/O-4095-2016; OI Molinari, Sergio/0000-0002-9826-7525; Bressert, Eli/0000-0002-6564-6182 NR 106 TC 324 Z9 324 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 121 IS 875 BP 76 EP 97 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 404LF UT WOS:000263152600010 ER PT J AU Stromberg, CAE AF Stromberg, Caroline A. E. TI Methodological concerns for analysis of phytolith assemblages: Does count size matter? SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID WHEAT TRITICUM-MONOCOCCUM; GRASS-DOMINATED HABITATS; FOREST-SAVANNA TRANSECT; LEAF-AREA INDEX; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-ZEALAND; SOUTHEASTERN CAMEROON; INTERTROPICAL AFRICA; MAIZE CULTIVATION; LATE HOLOCENE AB In quantitative phytolith analysis, chance error associated with insufficient counts can affect the robustness of the interpretation, whether it is vegetation reconstruction or taxonomic differentiation. It is therefore vital to choose a count size that will ensure statistically reliable results, while minimizing the time expended. Numerical statistical methods (bootstrapping) that have become available over the past few decades have made it possible to model even complex phytolith assemblages with relative ease. This study used bootstrapping as well as analytic statistical formulas to evaluate the influence of count size on vegetation reconstruction by means of two commonly used indices, DIP (tree cover index) and I(ph), (aridity index). The analysis indicates that the count size needed to ensure statistical precision depends on the question as well as the observed assemblage composition. Importantly, it is the count of specimens relevant to a specific ratio or other index ("index-specific" count) that matters, whereas the total count is less important. Based on these results, some general guidelines for choice of count size and for the use of statistics in phytolith analysis are suggested. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Stromberg, Caroline A. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Stromberg, CAE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM caestrom@u.washington.edu NR 78 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 193 BP 124 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.11.008 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 399HN UT WOS:000262791100014 ER PT J AU Piperno, DR AF Piperno, Dolores R. TI Identifying crop plants with phytoliths (and starch grains) in Central and South America: A review and an update of the evidence SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID REAL-ALTO SITE; REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES; MAIZE CULTIVATION; COASTAL ECUADOR; COB PHYTOLITHS; CUCURBITA; TEOSINTE; ROOT; DOMESTICATION; EVOLUTION AB Research carried out during the past 25 years by a number of investigators has demonstrated that phytoliths from some important domesticated plants native to Central and South America can be identified. These plants include major seed crops such as maize (Zea mays), important vegetables such as squashes of Cucurbita spp., and now-minor root crops (e.g., Calathea allouia and Maranta arundinacea) that were probably more important in early pre-Columbian economics than they are today. In some cases, phytoliths can identify the wild ancestors of these plants. The New World patterns follow those demonstrated in other areas of the world-out of all of the domesticated species indigenous to a region, a few important ones (e.g., rice, bananas, wheat and barley) can be identified with their phytoliths. In this paper, I review identification criteria developed for New World plants. summarize the underlying biological mechanisms that are now understood to account for phytolith formation and morphology, and discuss recent archaeological applications and new data from the Central and South American tropical forest. I will also mention the growing importance of starch grain analysis in archaeology with regard to recovering and identifying the remains of wild and domesticated species, including maize and teosinte. Phytoliths and starch grains are turning out to be highly complementary types of studies, and are increasingly being applied together. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Piperno, Dolores R.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Archaeobiol Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Piperno, Dolores R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Piperno, DR (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Archaeobiol Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM pipernod@si.edu FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC FX This work was supported by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama and the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC. The author thanks the American Museum of Natural History for permission to analyze the squash remains from Huaca Prieta. Thomas Andres and Michael Nee visited this collection in 2004 and obtained the specimens. Mary Pohl provided the maize cobs from San Andres. NR 52 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 EI 1873-4553 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 193 BP 146 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.11.011 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 399HN UT WOS:000262791100017 ER PT J AU Lopez-del-Rio, H Mireles-Garcia, F Mendez-Cardona, RY Nicolas-Caretta, M Speakman, RJ Glascock, MD AF Lopez-del-Rio, H. Mireles-Garcia, F. Mendez-Cardona, R. Y. Nicolas-Caretta, M. Speakman, R. J. Glascock, M. D. TI Characterization of pottery from Cerro de Las Ventanas, Zacatecas, Mexico SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Cerro de las Ventanas; Mexico; Pottery; Elemental analysis; INAA ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; CERAMICS; PROVENANCE AB With the aim of classifying prehispanic pottery from Cerro de Las Ventanas site, Juchipila, Zacatecas, Mexico, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to analyze ceramic samples at the University of Missouri Research Reactor Center. Thirty-two chemical elements were measured: Al, As, Ba, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Dy, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Mn, Na, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Ti, Th, U, V, Yb, Zn, and Zr. Two multivariate statistical methods, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, were performed on the dataset to examine similarities between samples and to establish compositional groups. The statistical analyses of the dataset suggest that the pottery samples form a unique chemically homogeneous group, with the exception of one pottery sample. The compositional data were compared to an existing Mesoamerican ceramic database. It was found that the newly generated data fit best with data from a previous chemical analysis of pottery from the Malpaso Valley. However, despite the apparent similarity, pottery samples from the site of Cerro de Las Ventanas represent a new and unique chemical fingerprint in the region. C1 [Lopez-del-Rio, H.; Mireles-Garcia, F.] UAZ, Unidad Acad Estudios Nucl, Zacatecas 98068, Mexico. [Mendez-Cardona, R. Y.] UAZ, Unidad Acad Antropol, Zacatecas 98068, Mexico. [Nicolas-Caretta, M.] INAH Delegac Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico. [Nicolas-Caretta, M.] UASLP, Talleres 78494, Slp, Mexico. [Speakman, R. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Glascock, M. D.] Univ Missouri, Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Lopez-del-Rio, H (reprint author), UAZ, Unidad Acad Estudios Nucl, Apdo Postal 579C, Zacatecas 98068, Mexico. EM hlopez@uaz.edu.mx OI Nicolas Caretta, Miguel/0000-0003-1117-3276; Glascock, Michael D./0000-0003-0686-7556; Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG07-02ID14380]; University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) FX This work was supported in part by US Department of Energy grant DE-FG07-02ID14380, and the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR). NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2009 VL 97 IS 9 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1524/ract.2009.1643 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 495KS UT WOS:000269890700009 ER PT S AU Kurucz, RL AF Kurucz, Robert L. BE Hubeny, I Stone, JM MacGregor, K Werner, K TI Including All the Lines SO RECENT DIRECTIONS IN ASTROPHYSICAL QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY AND RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Recent Directions in Astrophysical Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiation Hydrodynamics held in honor of Dimitri Mihalas CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2009 CL Boulder, CO SP Natl Ctr Atmospher Res DE atomic data; molecular data; atlases; sun: atmosphere; sun: abundances; stars: atmospheres; stars: abundances; supernovae: general ID TERM SYSTEM; AB-INITIO; CO I; SPECTRUM; SOLAR; OPACITY; TIO AB I present a progress report on including all the lines in the linelists, including all the lines in the opacities, including all the lines in the model atmosphere and spectrum synthesis calculations, producing high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise atlases that show (not quite) all the lines, so that finally we can determine the properties of stars from a few of the lines. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kurucz, RL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 13 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0710-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1171 BP 43 EP 51 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQB69 UT WOS:000280587500004 ER PT S AU Fontenla, JM Avrett, E AF Fontenla, J. M. Avrett, E. BE Hubeny, I Stone, JM MacGregor, K Werner, K TI Particle diffusion, flows, and NLTE calculations SO RECENT DIRECTIONS IN ASTROPHYSICAL QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY AND RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Recent Directions in Astrophysical Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiation Hydrodynamics held in honor of Dimitri Mihalas CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2009 CL Boulder, CO SP Natl Ctr Atmospher Res ID SOLAR TRANSITION REGION; ENERGY-BALANCE; MODELS; SUN AB Particle diffusion plays an important role in the transition-region between the chromosphere and the corona of the Sun and solar-type stars. Also, mass flows are often observed and these in combination with diffusion make it necessary to perform physically consistent calculations to determine the elemental ionization and atom/ion level populations. Such calculations require the solution of NLTE radiative transfer equations to determine the ionization and level populations, and need to include the effects of particle transport processes. This paper discusses the basis and implementation of the method used in the Solar Radiation Physical Modeling (SRPM) project, also implemented for H and He in the PANDORA code. C1 [Fontenla, J. M.] Univ Colorado, LASP, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Avrett, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02134 USA. RP Fontenla, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, LASP, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. FU NASA LWS [NNX07AO75G, AFOSR FA9550-07-1-0565] FX This work was suported by NASA LWS grant NNX07AO75G and AFOSR FA9550-07-1-0565. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0710-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1171 BP 61 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQB69 UT WOS:000280587500006 ER PT S AU Steinetz, B Lasano, S van Dorsser, FD Glickman, S Bergfelt, D Santymire, R Songsassen, N Swanson, W AF Steinetz, B. Lasano, S. van Dorsser, F. de Haas Glickman, S. Bergfelt, D. Santymire, R. Songsassen, N. Swanson, W. BE BryantGreenwood, GD Bagnell, CA Bathgate, RAD TI Relaxin Concentrations in Serum and Urine Endangered and Crazy Mixed-Up Species New Methods, Uses, and Findings SO RELAXIN AND RELATED PEPTIDES: FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Relaxin and Related Peptides CY MAY 18-23, 2008 CL Maui, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Corthera, March Dimes, Hawaii Pathol Lab, US Dept Agr, Cooperat St Res, Educat, & Exten Serv, Univ Guelph DE relaxin; endangered species; exotic species; radioimmunoassays; benchtop immunoassay kit ID PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS; SPOTTED HYENA; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; PROGESTIN; FELIDS; MARKER AB The human population explosion has pushed many mammalian wildlife species to the brink of extinction. Conservationists are increasingly turning to captive breeding as a means of preserving the gene pool. We previously reported that serum immunoactive relaxin provided a reliable means of distinguishing between true and pseudopregnancy in domestic dogs, and this method has since been found to be a reliable indicator of true pregnancy in endangered Asian and African elephants and Sumatran rhinoceroses. Our canine relaxin radioimmunoassay (RIA) has now been adapted and validated to measure relaxin in the serum and urine of felids, including domestic and wild species. Moreover, a commercially available canine serum relaxin kit (Witness (R) Relaxin Kit; Synbiotics, San Diego, CA), has been adapted for reliable detection of relaxin in urine of some felid species. Our porcine relaxin RIA has also been utilized to investigate the role of relaxin in reproductive processes of the spotted hyena, a species in which the female fetuses are severely masculinized in utero. Indeed, this species might wen now be extinct were it not for the timely secretion of relaxin to enable copulation and birth of young through the clitoris. Additional studies have suggested relaxin may be a useful marker of pregnancy in the northern fur seal and the maned wolf (the former species has been designated as "depleted" and the latter as "near threatened"). Given appropriate immunoassay reagents, relaxin determination in body fluids thus provides a powerful tool for conservationists and biologists investigating reproduction in a wide variety of endangered and exotic species. C1 [Steinetz, B.] NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [van Dorsser, F. de Haas] Univ Cambridge, Dept Vet Med, Cambridge, England. [Glickman, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Psychol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bergfelt, D.] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Santymire, R.] Lincoln Pk Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Songsassen, N.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Swanson, W.] Cincinnati Zoo & Bot Garden, Ctr Conservat & Res Endangered Wildlife, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RP Steinetz, B (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Dept Environm Med, 50 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM bernard.steinetz@myumc.org NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-721-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2009 VL 1160 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03824.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physiology GA BJG43 UT WOS:000265652100033 PM 19416182 ER PT J AU Santymire, C Steinetz, B Santymire, RM Brown, JL Songsasen, N AF Santymire, C. Steinetz, B. Santymire, R. M. Brown, J. L. Songsasen, N. TI POTENTIAL OF URINARY RELAXIN AS A USEFUL INDICATOR OF PREGNANCY IN THE MANED WOLF SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Santymire, C.; Santymire, R. M.] Lincoln Pk Zoo, Chicago, IL USA. [Steinetz, B.] NYU, Dept Environm Med, Sch Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Brown, J. L.; Songsasen, N.] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Species Survival, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1 MA 166 BP 182 EP 182 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 380QW UT WOS:000261481300180 ER PT J AU Thitaram, C Pongsopawijit, P Chansitthiwet, S Brown, JL Nimtragul, K Boonprasert, K Homkong, P Mahasawangkul, S Rojanasthien, S Colenbrander, B van der Weijden, GC van Eerdenburg, FJCM AF Thitaram, Chatchote Pongsopawijit, Pornsawan Chansitthiwet, Saran Brown, Janine L. Nimtragul, Kannikar Boonprasert, Khajhonpat Homkong, Pongpon Mahasawangkul, Sittidet Rojanasthien, Suvichai Colenbrander, Ben van der Weijden, Gysbert C. van Eerdenburg, Frank J. C. M. TI Induction of the ovulatory LH surge in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus): a novel aid in captive breeding management of an endangered species SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE gonadotropin-releasing hormone; ovulation induction ID LOXODONTA-AFRICANA; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ESTROUS-CYCLE; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ENDOCRINE; SERUM; GNRH; PROGESTERONE; DYNAMICS; ESTRUS AB A unique feature of the reproductive physiology of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) is the occurrence of two LH surges before ovulation, instead of one. An anovulatory LH (anLH) surge, the function of which is unknown, occurs consistently 3 weeks before the ovulatory LH (ovLH) surge that induces ovulation. Thus, the ability to induce an ovLH surge would be useful for scheduling natural mating or artificial insemination. The present study tested the efficacy of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-Ag) to induce LH surges during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle, which resulted in varied LH responses, but generally none were as high as previously documented natural surges. Thus, for the ovulation-induction trials, nine females were administered 80 mu g GnRH-Ag intravenously at three time periods during the oestrous cycle, namely the anovulatory follicular phase, the ovulatory follicular phase and the luteal phase. During the late anovulatory follicular phase, nine of 10 females (90%) responded with an immediate LH surge followed 15-22 days later by an ovLH surge or a post-ovulatory increase in progestagens. In contrast, despite responding to the GnRH-Ag with an immediate increase in LH, none of the females treated during other periods of the oestrous cycle exhibited subsequent ovLH surges. One cow got pregnant from natural mating following the induced ovLH surge. In conclusion, ovLH induction is possible using a GnRH-Ag, but only during a specific time of the anovulatory follicular phase. C1 [Thitaram, Chatchote; Pongsopawijit, Pornsawan; Rojanasthien, Suvichai] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Vet Med, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand. [Thitaram, Chatchote; Colenbrander, Ben; van der Weijden, Gysbert C.; van Eerdenburg, Frank J. C. M.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, NL-3584 CN Utrecht, Netherlands. [Chansitthiwet, Saran; Boonprasert, Khajhonpat; Homkong, Pongpon; Mahasawangkul, Sittidet] Forest Ind Org, Thai Elephant Conservat Ctr, Natl Elephant Inst, Lampang 52190, Thailand. [Brown, Janine L.] Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Nimtragul, Kannikar] Zool Pk Org Royal Patronage HM King, Chiang Mai Zoo, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. RP Thitaram, C (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Vet Med, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand. EM thitaram@chiangmai.ac.th FU National Research Council of Thailand; Royal Thai Government scholarship, Thailand; Smithsonian Women's Committee, USA FX The authors thank Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health (Thailand) Ltd, the National Research Council of Thailand, Royal Thai Government scholarship, Thailand, and the Smithsonian Women's Committee, USA, for research funding. The authors also thank Mr Pichai Jirawattanapong, Utrecht University, for statistical assistance, Ms Ratchaneewan Khejornwong and Ms Kannikar Timhom, Chiang Mai Zoo, for endocrine laboratory assistance, Dr A. F. Parlow, NIDDK National Hormone and Pituitary Program, USA, for endocrine laboratory support, Professor Tom Stout, Utrecht University, and Dr Thomas Hildebrandt, Institute of Zoo Biology and Wildlife Research, Berlin, for scientific assistance, and Mr Worawit Rojanaphaitoon, National Elephant Institute, for allowing the study of the elephants. Finally, the authors thank all the mahouts and staff of the Thai Elephant Conservation Center. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 5 BP 672 EP 678 DI 10.1071/RD08296 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 450ND UT WOS:000266406400007 PM 19486604 ER PT S AU Furth, DG AF Furth, David G. BE Jolivet, P SantiagoBlay, J Schmitt, M TI Flea beetle diversity of the Sierra Tarahumara, Copper Canyon, Mexico (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) SO RESEARCH ON CHRYSOMELIDAE, VOL 2 SE Research on Chrysomelidae LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Alticinae; flea beetles; Mexico; Chihuahua; Sonora; Sierra Tarahumara; Copper Canyon; Barranca del Cobre; species diversity; species richness; seasonality; elevation ID COLEOPTERA AB This study gives the results of Alticinae diversity from four expeditions to the Sierra Tarahumara (Copper Canyon or Barranca del Cobre), a section of the Sierra Madre Occidental of Chihuahua/Sonora, Mexico, at different seasons based on precipitation. It reports the general species diversity as well as diversity based on seasonality and elevational parameters of the focal taxon Alticinae (Flea Beetles). A total of 2,832 specimens were collected representing 26 genera and 70 species. Of these 44 species are newly recorded from Chihuahua, nine new from Sonora, ten new to Mexico and two new to science. The biogeographical affinities and host plants of the Copper Canyon Alticinae are also discussed. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Furth, DG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM furthd@si.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU E J BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-3111 BN 978-90-04-18097-0 J9 RES CHRYSOMELIDAE PY 2009 VL 2 BP 131 EP 151 D2 10.1163/ej.9789004169470.1-299 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA BZU47 UT WOS:000303005100009 ER PT J AU Rheinhardt, RD McKenney-Easterling, M Brinson, MM Masina-Rubbo, J Brooks, RP Whigham, DF O'Brien, D Hite, JT Armstrong, BK AF Rheinhardt, Richard D. McKenney-Easterling, M. Brinson, Mark M. Masina-Rubbo, Jennifer Brooks, Robert P. Whigham, Dennis F. O'Brien, David Hite, Jeremy T. Armstrong, Brian K. TI Canopy Composition and Forest Structure Provide Restoration Targets for Low-Order Riparian Ecosystems SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE composition; ordination; riparian; structure; succession ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; COASTAL-PLAIN; GROUND-WATER; SMALL MAMMALS; MID-ATLANTIC; OAK FOREST; NITRATE; DYNAMICS; WETLANDS; STREAMS AB Many programs are in place to protect and restore low-order streams and riparian zones. However, information on riparian zone forests is sparse for many biogeographical regions, especially compositional and structural data that would provide useful targets for restoration. This study provides quantitative data on riparian zone composition and forest structure from three physiographic provinces of eastern United States. Data from 219 low-order (first- to fourth-order) forested reaches were arranged by three basal area (BA) categories meant to represent successional categories and variations in forest structure. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was used to illustrate differences among successional categories and physiographic provinces. The DCA ordination separated stands into four physiographic subregions, based on the species composition of late-successional stands. Many early to mid-successional stands (< 30 m(2)/ha) were similar in composition to late-successional reference stands (BA >= 30 m(2)/ha) in the same physiographic subregion. In such sites, natural successional processes would likely be sufficient to restore the compositional and structural attributes inherent in late-successional stands if provided long-term protection. Other sites with dissimilar compositions may have been recovering from more intensive types of alterations, such as mechanized land clearing. In such sites, restoration to historic compositions could benefit functionally by planting oaks (Quercus spp. L.) and other heavy mast species. C1 [Rheinhardt, Richard D.; Brinson, Mark M.; Masina-Rubbo, Jennifer] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [McKenney-Easterling, M.; Brooks, Robert P.; Hite, Jeremy T.; Armstrong, Brian K.] Penn State Univ, Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Whigham, Dennis F.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [O'Brien, David] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Coastal Resources Management, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Rheinhardt, RD (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM rheinhardtr@ecu.edu OI Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [R-82868401] FX This research was supported by a grant from the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) state grant program. Partial funding was also provided by USEPA's Science to Achieve Results Estuarine and Great Lakes program through funding to Penn State University, USEPA Agreement (R-82868401). Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the USEPA, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 17 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00333.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392EW UT WOS:000262286700007 ER PT J AU Garese, A Guzman, HM Acuna, FH AF Garese, Agustin Guzman, Hector M. Acuna, Fabian H. TI Sea Anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) from Panama SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA MARINA Y OCEANOGRAFIA LA English DT Article ID BOCAS DEL TORO; INDIAN REEF FISHES; CORAL-REEFS; BEHAVIORAL ASSOCIATIONS; BARTHOLOMEA-ANNULATA; CONSERVATION STATUS; CONTINENTAL REEFS; ANTHOZOA; ANTHOPLEURA; ISLANDS C1 [Garese, Agustin; Acuna, Fabian H.] Univ Nacl Mar Plata, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Marinas, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Guzman, Hector M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Garese, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Mar Plata, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Marinas, Funes 3250, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM agarese@mdp.edu.ar NR 108 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST OCEANOLOGIA, UNIV VALPARAISO PI VINA DEL MAR PA CASILLA 13-D, VINA DEL MAR, 00000, CHILE SN 0717-3326 J9 REV BIOL MAR OCEANOG JI Rev. Biol. Mar. Oceanogr. PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 791 EP 802 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 538ST UT WOS:000273205000025 ER PT B AU Farid, S Saar, S Govindan, R Deluca, E AF Farid, Samaiyah Saar, Steven Govindan, Ramesh Deluca, Edward BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI Examining the Effect of Local Magnetic Field on Coronal Bright Point Heating and Evolution SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus AB We investigate the effect of the local magnetic field on the evolution and heating of coronal bright points (BPs) by examining a BP in a coronal hole and a BP in the nearby quiet sun. We attempt to discriminate the heating source of BPs by correlating fluctuations in emission in TRACE 171 angstrom images, to changes in the unsigned magnetic flux of the associated bipolar region using GONG magnetograms, and potential field extrapolations. We confirm that changes in emission of the larger, quiet-sun bright point can be correlated to fluctuations in the total unsigned magnetic flux as predicted by previous studies. The quiet sun BP also appears to have a potential magnetic configuration over the observation period. However changes in emission in the smaller, coronal hole bright point appears to be less correlated to changes in the bipolar region. We also could not reproduce a potential-like extrapolation at any time during the observation period, possibly indicating the CH bright point may be non-potential. C1 [Farid, Samaiyah; Saar, Steven; Govindan, Ramesh; Deluca, Edward] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Farid, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sfarid@harvard.edu; edeluca@harvard.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000002 ER PT B AU Weber, M AF Weber, M. BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI Characterizing the Temperature Discrimination Capability of the Hinode X-Ray Telescope SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus AB Thermal diagnostic analysis can be performed with Hinode/XRT across a temperature range of log T = 5.5 to similar to 8.0 characterize the temperature discrimination abilities of the XRT passbands when used as a set, independently of DEM solution methods. We consider how the temperature diagnostic capability is uneven across the useful temperature range. This information could be useful in designing thermal studies to increase the robustness of the temperature solutions, and in interpreting XRT data with physical models. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and the NSC (Norway). This work was supported under NASA contract NNM07AB07C. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Weber, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mweber@cfa.harvard.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 32 EP 35 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000006 ER PT B AU Reale, F Klimchuk, JA Parenti, S Testa, P AF Reale, Fabio Klimchuk, James A. Parenti, Susanna Testa, Paola BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI XRT Detection of Hot Plasma in Active Regions and Nanoflare Heating SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus ID CORONA; LOOPS AB Nanoflares occurring in sub-resolution strands have been long invoked as strong candidates for the heating of active region (AR) coronal loops. However, the frequent occurrence of nanoflares requires the steady presence of flare-hot plasma in the active region, which has been difficult to detect so far. We report on the analysis of multi-filter Hinode/XRT observations of an active region, which may show the widespread presence of 10 MK plasma. C1 [Reale, Fabio] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, Sez Astron, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Reale, Fabio] Osserv Astron Palermo, INAF, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Klimchuk, James A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Parenti, Susanna] Observ Royal Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Testa, Paola] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reale, F (reprint author), Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, Sez Astron, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. EM reale@astropa.unipa.it; James.A.Klimchuk@nasa.gov; ptesta@cfa.harvard.edu RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 FU Italian Ministero dell'Universita e Ricerca and Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) [I/015/07/0]; NASA [NNM07AA02C]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; International Space Science Institute FX Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in co operation with ESA and NSC (Norway). FR acknowledges support from Italian Ministero dellUniversita e Ricerca and Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) contract I/015/07/0. US members of the XRT team are supported by NASA contract NNM07AA02C to SAO. SP acknowledge the support from the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office through the ESA-PRODEX program. This work was partially supported by the International Space Science Institute in the framework of an international working team. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 256 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000048 ER PT B AU Golub, L Engell, AJ van Ballegooijen, AA Korreck, KE Reeves, KK AF Golub, Leon Engell, Alexander J. van Ballegooijen, Adriaan A. Korreck, Kelly E. Reeves, Katharine K. BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI Modeling Twisted Coronal Loops: AR 10938 SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus AB When modeling coronal loops by calculating the potential field from magnetograms it is often found that field lines highlighted of the potential field do not match the coronal loops observed in the data. To rectify this situation, we construct a non-potential field in which helical "twisted" currents with prescribed radii are inserted along certain potential field lines. We then relax the magnetic field to a non-linear force-free field (NLFFF) using magneto-frictional relaxation. In doing so, we find that we are able to approach a geometrical match between the field lines and the coronal loops observed in AR 10938 on January 18, 2007. C1 [Golub, Leon; Engell, Alexander J.; van Ballegooijen, Adriaan A.; Korreck, Kelly E.; Reeves, Katharine K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Golub, L (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lgolub@cfa.harvard.edu; kkorreck@cfa.harvard.edu; kreeves@cfa.harvard.edu RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 268 EP 271 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000051 ER PT B AU Lee, JY Leka, KD Barnes, G Reeves, KK Korreck, KE Golub, L AF Lee, Jin-Yi Leka, K. D. Barnes, Graham Reeves, Katharine K. Korreck, Kelly E. Golub, Leon BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI Evolution of Magnetic Properties for Two Active Regions Observed by Hinode/XRT and TRACE SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus ID TOPOLOGY; CORONA; MODEL AB We investigate two active regions observed by the Hinode X-ray Telescope (XRT) and the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE). One active region shows constant brightness in both XRT and TRACE observations. The other active region shows a brightening in the TRACE observation just after a decrease in X-ray brightness indicating the cooling of a coronal loop. The coronal magnetic topology is derived using a magnetic charge topology (MCT) model for these two active regions applied to magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). We discuss the results of the MCT analysis with respect to the light curves for these two active regions. C1 [Lee, Jin-Yi; Reeves, Katharine K.; Korreck, Kelly E.; Golub, Leon] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lee, Jin-Yi; Leka, K. D.; Barnes, Graham] NorthWest Res Associates, CoRA Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jylee@cora.nwra.com; leka@cora.nwra.com; graham@cora.nwra.com; kreeves@cfa.harvard.edu; kkorreck@cfa.harvard.edu; lgolub@cfa.harvard.edu RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 279 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000054 ER PT B AU Schmelz, JT Saar, SH Weber, MA DeLuca, EE Golub, L AF Schmelz, J. T. Saar, S. H. Weber, M. A. DeLuca, E. E. Golub, L. BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI Coronal Loop Temperatures Obtained with Hinode XRT: A Toothpaste-Tube Analogy SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; MISSION AB Multi-filter data observed by the Hinode X-Ray Telescope on 10 and 2007 July 13 were used to investigate the thermal properties of coronal loops. At several positions along the loops, differential emission measure analysis revealed a strong peak at log T = 6.1 (which would predict the presence of a TRACE loop) and a much weaker hot component (which we speculated might be a nanoflare signature). TRACE observations, however, did not reveal the predicted loop, so we were forced to re-examine our assumptions. Good differential emission measure results require high- and low-temperature constraints, but our data sets did not contain images from the thinnest and thickest filters, which would be most likely to provide these constraints. Since differential emission measure programs aim to match observed intensities and get low values of chi(2), they may place emission measure in high- and low-temperature bins where it does not belong. We draw an analogy to squeezing the toothpaste tube in the middle. Our analysis was repeated for a loop observed on 2007 May 13 when the instrument acquired data in 11 filters and filter combinations, including both the thinnest and thickest filters. These results show that the loop is multi-thermal, with significant emission measure in the range 6.0 < log T < 6.5. C1 [Schmelz, J. T.] Univ Memphis, Dept Phys, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Schmelz, J. T.; Saar, S. H.; Weber, M. A.; DeLuca, E. E.; Golub, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schmelz, JT (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Phys, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM jschmelz@memphis.edu; mweber@cfa.harvard.edu; edeluca@harvard.edu; lgolub@cfa.harvard.edu FU Hinode from NASA/SAO as well as NSF [ATM-0402729] FX Solar physics research at the UofM is supported by a Hinode subcontract from NASA/SAO as well as NSF ATM-0402729. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 299 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000059 ER PT B AU Reeves, KK Weber, MA AF Reeves, K. K. Weber, M. A. BE Lites, B Cheung, M Magara, T Mariska, J Reeves, K TI DEM Temperature Analysis of Post-Flare Loops Using Hinode's X-Ray Telescope SO SECOND HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: BEYOND DISCOVERY-TOWARD UNDERSTANDING SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Hinode Science Meeting CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2008 CL Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus, Boulder, CO HO Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Ctr Green Campus AB We investigate the temperature structure of the post-flare loops from two small flares by utilizing a differential emission measure (DEM) method that takes advantage of the many X-ray filters available on the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) on Hinode. This method allows us to observe multi-thermal plasma along the line of sight. Using this method, we see clear evidence of multiple temperatures in the post-flare loops systems. We also find that intensity changes in the XRT images are due to cooling plasma in one of the flares, and decreasing emission measure in the other flare. C1 [Reeves, K. K.; Weber, M. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reeves, KK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kreeves@cfa.harvard.edu; mweber@cfa.harvard.edu RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014 NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-710-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 415 BP 443 EP 446 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL19 UT WOS:000281239000086 ER PT J AU Hesselberg, T AF Hesselberg, Thomas TI Sensors and control systems for micro-air vehicles: lessons from flies SO SENSOR REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Flight; MEMS; Sensors; Control systems; Insects; Optics ID FRUIT-FLY DROSOPHILA; INSECT FLIGHT; BIOMIMETICS; AERODYNAMICS; MELANOGASTER; BEHAVIOR; TECHNOLOGY; MOTION; FORCE; MODEL AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the recent research on the interaction between flight mechanics and sensory/control systems in flies. It furthermore, explores the application to biomimetic micro-air vehicles (MAVs). Design/methodology/approach - A review of recent literature on flight in flies is given first, whereafter two biomimetic case studies are discussed; the optic flow sensor developed by a French team and the micro-mechanical flying insect project at the University of Berkeley. Findings - The paper discusses the many areas where biological knowledge on flight in flies can be used by designers of MAVs. Practical implications - Fully autonomous MAVs, inspired by insect flight, could be useful in a wide range of areas including search-and-rescue, surveillance and for military purposes. Originality/value - The paper gives an up to date overview of dipteran flight behaviour and points to ways in which this knowledge can be applied to MAVs. The paper should thus be useful for biologists wishing to collaborate with engineers as well as for engineers and sensor designers seeking inspiration from nature. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Lab Behav & Evolutionary Neurobiol, Ancon, Panama. RP Hesselberg, T (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Lab Behav & Evolutionary Neurobiol, Ancon, Panama. EM t.hesselberg@zensci.dk RI Hesselberg, Thomas/A-1711-2008; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0260-2288 J9 SENSOR REV JI Sens. Rev. PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1108/02602280910936228 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 433XI UT WOS:000265238700007 ER PT S AU Johnsen, R Golde, MF Rosati, RE Pappas, D Skrzypkowski, MP AF Johnsen, R. Golde, M. F. Rosati, R. E. Pappas, D. Skrzypkowski, M. P. BE VanDerZande, WJ TI Optical emissions from the dissociative recombination of N2H+, HCO+, HOC+, and HNC+ SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION: THEORY, EXPERIMENTS AND APPLICATIONS (DR2007) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Dissociative Recombination: Theory, Experiments and Applications CY JUL 18-23, 2007 CL Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Ameland, NETHERLANDS SP Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Fdn PHYSICA, Netherlands Royal Acad Sci HO Radboud Univ Nijmegen ID ELECTRON-ION RECOMBINATION; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; MERGED-BEAM; CO2+ IONS; PRODUCTS; HCN+; COEFFICIENTS; DEPENDENCE; YIELD; H-3+ AB We present recent flowing-afterglow measurements of branching fractions for electronically and vibrationally excited products arising from the dissociative recombination of N2H+, HCO+, HOC+, and HNC+ ions with thermal electrons. State-specific yields were derived by fitting the observed, spatially resolved emission band intensities to models that simulate all ion-chemical processes, recombination, diffusion, and gas mixing. C1 [Johnsen, R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Golde, M. F.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Rosati, R. E.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pappas, D.] Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Skrzypkowski, M. P.] Prometheus Energy Co, Seattle, WA 98168 USA. RP Johnsen, R (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM rj@pitt.edu FU NASA Planetary Atmospheres Program FX This work was, in part, supported by the NASA Planetary Atmospheres Program. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 192 AR UNSP 012009 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/192/1/012009 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Chemistry; Physics GA BTQ61 UT WOS:000287793300009 ER PT S AU Sengco, M AF Sengco, M. BE Shumway, SE Rodrick, GE TI Mitigation of effects of harmful algal blooms SO SHELLFISH SAFETY AND QUALITY SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE control; clay flocculation; algicide; pathogens; ozone ID PARASITIC DINOFLAGELLATE AMOEBOPHRYA; PRYMNESIUM-PARVUM HAPTOPHYCEAE; CONTROL PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; STRAW HORDEUM-VULGARE; RED-TIDE; AUREOCOCCUS-ANOPHAGEFFERENS; BARLEY-STRAW; CLAY FLOCCULATION; KARENIA-BREVIS; HETEROSIGMA-AKASHIWO AB Harmful algal blooms (HABs), a phenomenon caused by the rapid growth and accumulation of certain microalgal species, have become a significant and recurring problem throughout the world. HABs have been associated with human illnesses through the contamination of fish and shellfish with a range of biotoxins. The economic impacts can be measured in the millions of dollars, severely affecting marine fisheries and aquaculture in many countries. Management strategies, there fore, are vital to minimize or prevent the health effects and financial losses associated with HABs. This chapter examines strategies for bloom mitigation, focusing on controlling the organisms. Some common methods will be reviewed, e.g. chemical control, and some new and emerging strategies will be presented and discussed. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Sengco, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28,647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM sengcom@si.edu NR 126 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-152-3 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2009 IS 167 BP 175 EP 199 PG 25 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BOP71 UT WOS:000277247700008 ER PT S AU Sankrit, R Williams, BJ Borkowski, KJ Raymond, JC Gaetz, TJ Blair, WP Ghavamian, P Long, KS Reynolds, SP AF Sankrit, Ravi Williams, Brian J. Borkowski, Kazimierz J. Raymond, John C. Gaetz, Terrance J. Blair, William P. Ghavamian, Parviz Long, Knox S. Reynolds, Stephen P. BE Ao, X Burrows, R Zank, GP TI Dust Destruction in a Nonradiative Shock in the Cygnus Loop Supernova Remnant SO SHOCK WAVES IN SPACE AND ASTROPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAY 01-07, 2009 CL Kona, HI SP Univ Alabama Huntsville, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res DE Dust; Shocks; Supernova Remnants ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SPECTRA AB We present 24 mu m and 70 mu m images of a non-radiative shock in the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant, obtained with the Multiband Imaging Photometer on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The observed emission is from dust grains heated in the post-shock region. The 70 mu m to 24 mu m flux ratio depends on the dust heating and the dust destruction rates, and thereby it is a sensitive tracer of the gas density and temperature in the shocked plasma. We model the dust emission and grain destruction in the post-shock flow, and find that the observed 70 mu m to 24 mu m flux ratios are produced for post-shock densities, n(H) similar to 2.0 cm(-3) and electron temperatures of about 0.20 keV. We find that about 35% of the dust has been destroyed in the shock, and that non-thermal sputtering (i.e. sputtering due to bulk motion of the grains relative to the gas) contributes significantly to the dust destruction. C1 [Sankrit, Ravi] NASA, SOFIA, Ames Res Ctr, M-S 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94041 USA. [Williams, Brian J.; Borkowski, Kazimierz J.; Reynolds, Stephen P.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Raymond, John C.; Gaetz, Terrance J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. [Blair, William P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ghavamian, Parviz; Long, Knox S.] STScI, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Sankrit, R (reprint author), NASA, SOFIA, Ames Res Ctr, M-S 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94041 USA. FU JPL [1278412]; SOFIA Science Center/USRA FX This work was supported in part by JPL Award 1278412 to the University of California, Berkeley and North Carolina State University. RS acknowledges support from the SOFIA Science Center/USRA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0724-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1183 BP 95 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BPZ45 UT WOS:000280435400012 ER PT S AU Tagliaferri, G Basso, S Borghi, G Burkert, W Cittetio, O Civitani, M Conconi, P Cotroneo, V Freyberg, M Garoli, D Gorenstein, P Hartner, G Mattarello, V Orlandi, A Pareschi, G Romaine, S Spiga, D Valsecchi, G Vernani, D AF Tagliaferri, G. Basso, S. Borghi, G. Burkert, W. Cittetio, O. Civitani, M. Conconi, P. Cotroneo, V. Freyberg, M. Garoli, D. Gorenstein, P. Hartner, G. Mattarello, V. Orlandi, A. Pareschi, G. Romaine, S. Spiga, D. Valsecchi, G. Vernani, D. BE Ferrando, P Rodriguez, J TI Simbol-X Hard X-ray Focusing Mirrors: Results Obtained During the Phase A Study SO SIMBOL-X: FOCUSING ON THE HARD X-RAY UNIVERSE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Simbol-X Symposium CY DEC 02-05, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE SP CNES, ASI, CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris, GDR-PCHE, IN2P3, CESR DE X-ray; Instrumentation AB Simbol-X will push grazing incidence imaging up to 80 keV, providing a strong improvement both in sensitivity and angular resolution compared to all instruments that have operated so far above 10 keV. The superb hard X-ray imaging capability will be guaranteed by a mirror module of 100 electroformed Nickel shells with a multilayer reflecting coating. Here we will describe the technogical development and solutions adopted for the fabrication of the mirror module, that must guarantee an Half Energy Width (HEW) better than 20 arcsec from 0.5 up to 30 keV and a goal of 40 arcsec at 60 keV. During the phase A, terminated at the end of 2008, we have developed three engineering models with two, two and three shells, respectively. The most critical aspects in the development of the Simbol-X mirrors are i) the production of the 100 mandrels with very good surface quality within the timeline of the mission, ii) the replication of shells that must be very thin (a factor of 2 thinner than those of XMM-Newton) and still have very good image quality up to 80 kev. iii) the development of an integration process that allows us to integrate these very thin mirrors maintaining their intrinsic good image quality. The Phase A study has shown that we can fabricate the mandrels with the needed quality and that we have developed a valid integration process. The shells that we have produced so far have a quite good image quality, e.g. HEW less than or similar to 30 arcsec at 30 keV, and effective area. However, we still need to make some improvements to reach the requirements. We will briefly present these results and discuss the possible improvements that we will investigate during phase B. C1 [Tagliaferri, G.; Basso, S.; Cittetio, O.; Civitani, M.; Conconi, P.; Cotroneo, V.; Pareschi, G.; Spiga, D.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, Via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy. [Borghi, G.; Cittetio, O.; Garoli, D.; Mattarello, V.; Orlandi, A.; Valsecchi, G.; Vernani, D.] Media Lario Technol Srl, I-23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy. [Burkert, W.; Freyberg, M.; Hartner, G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Gorenstein, P.; Romaine, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tagliaferri, G (reprint author), INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, Via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy. OI Pareschi, Giovanni/0000-0003-3967-403X; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723 FU Italian Space Agency as part of the industrial contract FX This work has been financed by the Italian Space Agency as part of the industrial contract to carry out the Italian Simbol-X Phase A study led by Thales-AleniaSpace-Torino. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0662-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1126 BP 35 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJM09 UT WOS:000266785900007 ER PT S AU Szostek, A Zdziarski, AA McCollough, ML AF Szostek, A. Zdziarski, A. A. McCollough, M. L. BE Ferrando, P Rodriguez, J TI Evolution of Cygnus X-3 through its Radio and X-ray States SO SIMBOL-X: FOCUSING ON THE HARD X-RAY UNIVERSE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Simbol-X Symposium CY DEC 02-05, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE SP CNES, ASI, CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris, GDR-PCHE, IN2P3, CESR DE X-ray binaries; jets; Cyg X-3; radio; X-rays AB Based on X-ray spectra and studies of the long-term correlated behavior between radio and soft X-ray, we present a detailed evolution of Cyg X-3 through its radio and X-ray states. We comment on the nature of the hard X-ray tail and possible Simbol X contribution in constraining the models. C1 [Szostek, A.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Szostek, A.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland. [Zdziarski, A. A.] Centrum Astronomiczne im M Kopernika, Warsaw, Poland. [McCollough, M. L.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Szostek, A (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, Grenoble, France. FU Polish MNiSW [NN203065933]; Polish Astroparticle Network [621/E-78/BWSN-0068/2008]; European Community [ERC-StG-200911] FX This research has been supported in part by the Polish MNiSW grant NN203065933 and the Polish Astroparticle Network 621/E-78/BWSN-0068/2008. A. Szostek acknowledges support from the European Community via contract ERC-StG-200911. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0662-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1126 BP 204 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJM09 UT WOS:000266785900050 ER PT J AU Clough, GW AF Clough, G. Wayne TI Teaming Up SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, GW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD JAN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 10 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 388SN UT WOS:000262039600009 ER PT B AU DeVorkin, DH AF DeVorkin, David H. BE Krupnik, I Lang, MA Miller, SE TI Preserving the Origins of the Space Age: The Material Legacy of the International Geophysical Year (1957-1958) at the National Air and Space Museum SO SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smithsonian Poles Symposium 2007 CY MAY 03-04, 2007 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC HO Smithsonian Inst AB In July 1966, the 89th Congress (H.R. 6125) laid out the charge defining the new Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum: to "memorialize the national development of aviation and space flight; collect, preserve, and display aeronautical and space flight equipment of historical interest and significance; serve as a repository for scientific equipment and data pertaining to the development of aviation and space flight; and provide educational material for the historical study of aviation and space flight." Under this umbrella statement, the Museum has been actively collecting artifacts and documentary evidence in the area of the earth and space sciences, as well as in astronomy, that helps to preserve the social, cultural, intellectual, and material legacy of the enterprise. The paper examines the holdings pertaining to the IGY era (1957-1960) presently in the NASM collection. It discusses how some of these items were identified, selected, and collected, as a means of offering a preliminary appraisal of the historical value of the collection. It highlights a suite of objects built by James Van Allen's Iowa group and discusses their historical significance. C1 [DeVorkin, David H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM devorkind@si.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-1-5 PY 2009 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.5479/si.097884601X.4 PG 13 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Geography; Geography, Physical; History & Philosophy Of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; History & Philosophy of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJC33 UT WOS:000264705700004 ER PT B AU Broadbent, ND AF Broadbent, Noel D. BE Krupnik, I Lang, MA Miller, SE TI From Ballooning in the Arctic to 10,000-Foot Runways in Antarctica: Lessons from Historic Archaeology SO SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR SCIENCE: A SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smithsonian Poles Symposium 2007 CY MAY 03-04, 2007 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC HO Smithsonian Inst AB The author discusses three archaeological investigations of historic sites in the polar regions. The first site is that of the Solomon A. Andree expedition camp on White Island, Svalbard. This fateful ballooning expedition to the North Pole in 1897 was the first experiment in polar aeronautics. Andree and his colleagues gave their lives but opened the door to polar flight, the backbone of polar logistics today. The other site, East Base, on Stonington Island off the Antarctic Peninsula, served the 1939-1941 U.S. Antarctic Service Expedition, under Admiral Richard Byrd, the first U.S. government-sponsored scientific and aerial mapping effort in Antarctica. In 1992, a team of archaeologists documented and secured the site that had been recently recognized as an historic monument by the Antarctic treaty nations. The third site is Marble Point on Victoria Land across from Ross Island and McMurdo Station. In conjunction with the IGY 1957-1958, a massive effort was put into laying out a 10,000-foot year-round runway and creating a fresh water reservoir and other base facilities. It was one of the premier locations for strategic aviation in Antarctica. The site was archaeologically surveyed and original engineering documentation from 1956-1957 offers superb baselines for studying permafrost, erosion, and human disturbances in the Antarctic environment. These types of sites are in situ monuments to human courage, ingenuity, and perseverance on a par with NASA's exploration of space. They require careful management and protection following the same principles as historic sites within the United States and in other nations. C1 [Broadbent, Noel D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Arctic Studies Ctr, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM broadbentn@si.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-1-5 PY 2009 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.5479/si.097884601X.5 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Geography; Geography, Physical; History & Philosophy Of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; History & Philosophy of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJC33 UT WOS:000264705700005 ER PT B AU Fitzhugh, WW AF Fitzhugh, William W. BE Krupnik, I Lang, MA Miller, SE TI "Of No Ordinary Importance": Reversing Polarities in Smithsonian Arctic Studies SO SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smithsonian Poles Symposium 2007 CY MAY 03-04, 2007 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC HO Smithsonian Inst AB The founding of the Smithsonian in 1846 offered the promise of scientific discovery and popular education to a young country with a rapidly expanding western horizon. With its natural history and native cultures virtually unknown, Smithsonian Regents chartered a plan to investigate the most exciting questions posed by an unexplored continent at the dawn of the Darwinian era. Prominent issues included the origins and history of its aboriginal peoples, and this thirst for knowledge that led the young institution into America's subarctic and Arctic regions. The Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Alaska were among the first targets of Smithsonian cultural studies, and northern regions have continued to occupy a central place in the Institution's work for more than 150 years. Beginning with Robert Kennicott's explorations in 1858, Smithsonian scientists played a major role in advancing knowledge of North American Arctic and Subarctic peoples and interpreting their cultures. Several of these early enterprises, like the explorations, collecting, and research of Edward Nelson, Lucien Turner, John Murdoch, and Patrick Ray in Alaska and Lucien Turner in Ungava, either led to or were part of the first International Polar Year of 1882-1883. Early Smithsonian expeditions established a pattern of collaborative work with native communities that became a hallmark of the institution's northern programs. This paper presents highlights of ISO years of Smithsonian work on northern peoples with special attention to themes that contributed to Smithsonian Arctic studies during International Polar/Geophysical Year events, especially 1882-1883 and 2007-2008. C1 [Fitzhugh, William W.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Arctic Studies Ctr, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Fitzhugb@si.edu NR 100 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-1-5 PY 2009 BP 61 EP 77 DI 10.5479/si.097884601X.6 PG 17 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Geography; Geography, Physical; History & Philosophy Of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; History & Philosophy of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJC33 UT WOS:000264705700006 ER PT B AU Crowell, AL AF Crowell, Aron L. BE Krupnik, I Lang, MA Miller, SE TI The Art of Inupiaq Whaling: Elders' Interpretations of International Polar Year Ethnological Collections SO SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smithsonian Poles Symposium 2007 CY MAY 03-04, 2007 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC HO Smithsonian Inst ID ALASKA AB In the northern Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean, a 2,000-year tradition of Alaska Native bowhead whaling continues to the present day as a focus of both subsistence and cultural identity. In cooperation with the Smithsonian Institution, Inupiaq Eskimo elders are interpreting the cultural and spiritual dimensions of whaling artifacts collected during the late nineteenth century, including material gathered by the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska (1881-1883). These artistic objects-hunting and boat equipment, regalia for whaling ceremonies, and charms owned by whale boat captains (umialgich)-were acquired during decades of rapid cultural change brought about by interaction with New England whalers, traders, and Presbyterian missionaries. Nonetheless, the social values and spiritual concepts that they express have survived and are carried forward in contemporary whaling. Current research and exhibitions benefit from both Inupiaq expertise and a rich ethnohistorical literature from Barrow and other northern communities. C1 [Crowell, Aron L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Arctic Studies Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM crowella@si.edu NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-1-5 PY 2009 BP 99 EP 113 DI 10.5479/si.097884601X.9 PG 15 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Geography; Geography, Physical; History & Philosophy Of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; History & Philosophy of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJC33 UT WOS:000264705700009 ER PT B AU Loring, S AF Loring, Stephen BE Krupnik, I Lang, MA Miller, SE TI From Tent to Trading Post and Back Again: Smithsonian Anthropology in Nunavut, Nunavik, Nitassinan, and Nunatsiavut-The Changing IPY Agenda, 1882-2007 SO SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smithsonian Poles Symposium 2007 CY MAY 03-04, 2007 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC HO Smithsonian Inst ID KNOWLEDGE AB As part of the First International Polar Year, the Smithsonian Institution established a meteorological and astronomical observatory at Ft. Chimo (Kuujjuaq) in Ungava Bay in 1881-1883. Sent to man the post was the Smithsonian's most prominent northern naturalist, Lucien Turner. Turner developed a close rapport with Inuit and Innu families from whom he acquired an extraordinary array of scientific specimens and ethnological materials. While intrepid and inspired, the work of the Smithsonian's pioneering Arctic scientists reflects the biases of western scientific tradition. Northern Native peoples were viewed as part of the arctic ecosystem to be observed, cataloged, and described. For the most part, the intellectual landscape of Innu and Inuit groups was overlooked and ignored. The Smithsonian collections are a powerful talisman for evoking knowledge, appreciation, and pride in Innu and Inuit heritage and serve as one point of departure for research during the Fourth IPY in 2007-2008. Recognition that northern Natives have a mandate to participate in and inform northern research is an important change in the production of northern scientific research. C1 [Loring, Stephen] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Arctic Studies Ctr, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM lorings@si.edu NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-1-5 PY 2009 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.5479/si.097884601X.10 PG 13 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Geography; Geography, Physical; History & Philosophy Of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; History & Philosophy of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJC33 UT WOS:000264705700010 ER PT B AU Krupnik, I AF Krupnik, Igor BE Krupnik, I Lang, MA Miller, SE TI "The Way We See It Coming": Building the Legacy of Indigenous Observations in IPY 2007-2008 SO SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smithsonian Poles Symposium 2007 CY MAY 03-04, 2007 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC HO Smithsonian Inst ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ICE; NUNAVUT; CANADA; ALASKA; INUIT; KNOWLEDGE; BARROW AB All early International Polar Year/International Geophysical Year (IPY/IGY) initiatives were primarily geophysical programs and were exemplary products of the long-established paradigm of "polar science." Under that paradigm, scholarly data to be used in academic publications were to be collected by professional scientists and/or by specially trained observers. Arctic indigenous residents had hardly any documented voice in the early IPY/IGY ventures, except by serving as "subjects" for museum collecting or while working as dog-drivers, guides, and unskilled assistants to research expeditions. Natural scientists with strong interest in Native cultures were the first to break that pattern and to seek polar residents as a valuable source of expertise on the Arctic environment. The Smithsonian has a distinguished tradition in working with indigenous experts and documenting their knowledge, from the days of the First IPY 1882-1883 to the most recent projects on indigenous observations on Arctic climate change. The paper explores the unique role of IPY 2007-2008 and of recent efforts focused on the documentation of indigenous knowledge of Arctic environment and climate change, by using the experience of one IPY project, SIKU-Sea Ice Knowledge and Use-and research collaboration with local Yupik Eskimo experts from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. C1 [Krupnik, Igor] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM krupniki@si.edu; krupniki@si.edu NR 71 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-1-5 PY 2009 BP 129 EP 142 DI 10.5479/si.097884601X.11 PG 14 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Geography; Geography, Physical; History & Philosophy Of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; History & Philosophy of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJC33 UT WOS:000264705700011 ER PT B AU Lang, MA Robbins, R AF Lang, Michael A. Robbins, Rob BE Krupnik, I Lang, MA Miller, SE TI Scientific Diving Under Ice: A 40-Year Bipolar Research Tool SO SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smithsonian Poles Symposium 2007 CY MAY 03-04, 2007 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC HO Smithsonian Inst AB Approximately four decades ago, scientists were first able to enter the undersea polar environment to make biological observations for a nominal period of time. The conduct of underwater research in extreme environments requires special consideration of diving physiology, equipment design, diver training, and operational procedures, all of which enable this under-ice approach. Since those first ice dives in wetsuits and double-hose regulators without buoyancy compensators or submersible pressure gauges, novel ice diving techniques have expanded the working envelope based on scientific need to include the use of dive computers, oxygen-enriched air, rebreather units, blue-water diving, and drysuit systems. The 2007 International Polar Diving Workshop in Svalbard promulgated consensus polar diving recommendations through the combined international, interdisciplinary expertise of participating polar diving scientists, equipment manufacturers, physiologists and decompression experts, and diving safety officers. The National Science Foundation U.S. Antarctic Program scientific diving exposures, in support of underwater research, enjoy a remarkable safety record and high scientific productivity due to a significant allocation of logistical support and resources to ensure personnel safety. C1 [Lang, Michael A.] Smithsonian Inst, Off Under Secretary Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM langm@si.edu; langm@si.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-1-5 PY 2009 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.5479/si.097884601X.17 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Geography; Geography, Physical; History & Philosophy Of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; History & Philosophy of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJC33 UT WOS:000264705700017 ER PT B AU Neale, PJ Jeffrey, WH Sobrino, C Pakulski, JD Phillips-Kress, J Baldwin, AJ Franklin, LA Kim, HC AF Neale, Patrick J. Jeffrey, Wade H. Sobrino, Cristina Pakulski, J. Dean Phillips-Kress, Jesse Baldwin, Amy J. Franklin, Linda A. Kim, Hae-Cheol BE Krupnik, I Lang, MA Miller, SE TI Inhibition of Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity by Solar Radiation in the Ross Sea Polynya SO SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smithsonian Poles Symposium 2007 CY MAY 03-04, 2007 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC HO Smithsonian Inst ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; DNA-DAMAGE; OZONE DEPLETION; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; UV-RADIATION; BACTERIOPLANKTON; ANTARCTICA; PHOTODAMAGE; REPAIR; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The Ross Sea polynya is one of the most productive areas of the Southern Ocean; however, little is known about how plankton there respond to inhibitory solar exposure, particularly during the early-spring period of enhanced UVB (290-320 nm) due to ozone depiction. Responses to solar exposure of the phytoplankton and bacterial assemblages were studied aboard the research ice breaker Nathaniel B. Palmer during cruises NBP0409 and NBP0508. Photosynthesis and bacterial production (thymidine and leucine incorporation) were measured during in situ incubations in the upper 10 m at three stations, which were occupied before, during, and after the annual peak of a phytoplankton bloom dominated by Phaeocystis antarctica. Near surface production was consistently inhibited down to 5-7 in, even when some surface ice was present. Relative inhibition of phytoplankton increased and productivity decreased with increasing severity of nutrient limitation as diagnosed using F(v)/F(m), a measure of the maximum photosynthetic quantum yield. Relative inhibition of bacterial production was high for both the high-biomass and postbloom stations, but sensitivity of thymidine and leucine uptake differed between stations. These results provide the first direct evidence that solar exposure, in particular solar ultraviolet radiation, causes significant inhibition of Ross Sea productivity. C1 [Neale, Patrick J.; Phillips-Kress, Jesse; Franklin, Linda A.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM nealep@si.edu NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-1-5 PY 2009 BP 299 EP 308 DI 10.5479/si.097884601X.22 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Geography; Geography, Physical; History & Philosophy Of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; History & Philosophy of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJC33 UT WOS:000264705700022 ER PT B AU Eisert, R Oftedal, OT AF Eisert, Regina Oftedal, Olav T. BE Krupnik, I Lang, MA Miller, SE TI Capital Expenditure and Income (Foraging) during Pinniped Lactation: The Example of the Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) SO SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smithsonian Poles Symposium 2007 CY MAY 03-04, 2007 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC HO Smithsonian Inst ID SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; STOMACH TEMPERATURE TELEMETRY; 3-DIMENSIONAL DIVE PROFILES; ESTIMATING MILK INTAKE; PHOCA-HISPIDA PUPS; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; CYSTOPHORA-CRISTATA; MATERNAL ENERGY AB Weddell seals, like many true seals (Phocidae), store nutrients in body tissues prior to lactation and then expend these "capital reserves" in pup rearing. During lactation, 40% or more of the initial mass of a lactating Weddell seal may be expended to cover the combined costs of maternal metabolism and milk production. However, most lactating Weddell seals also begin active diving to depths of 300 in or more by three to four weeks postpartum, and dietary biomarker data indicate that at least 70% of Weddell seals forage in late lactation. Thus, Weddell seals may employ a combined capital and income (foraging) strategy. Determining the relative importance of capital expenditures and food consumption to maternal reproduction will require accurate measurement of maternal energy expenditure, the magnitude of milk production, changes of maternal nutrient stores over lactation and the success of foraging efforts. Alternative scenarios include the following: (I) prey consumption is opportunistic rather than essential because body reserves of Weddell seals are sufficient for reproduction, (2) foraging is necessary only in those females (such as small or young seals) that have limited body stores relative to lactation costs, and (3) successful foraging is critical to the lactation strategy of this species. If alternative 2 or 3 is correct, the drops in pup production observed in Erebus Bay (McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea) during years of unusually heavy ice accumulation may reflect changes in foraging opportunities due to adverse impacts of heavy ice on primary production and on prey populations. Further study is needed on the effects of annual, cyclic, or long-term changes in prey abundance on Weddell seal reproduction. C1 [Eisert, Regina] Smithsonian Inst, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM eisertr@si.edu NR 133 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 18 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-1-5 PY 2009 BP 335 EP 346 DI 10.5479/si.097884601X.25 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Geography; Geography, Physical; History & Philosophy Of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; History & Philosophy of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJC33 UT WOS:000264705700025 ER PT B AU Ruiz, GM Hewitt, CL AF Ruiz, Gregory M. Hewitt, Chad L. BE Krupnik, I Lang, MA Miller, SE TI Latitudinal Patterns of Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems: A Polar Perspective SO SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR SCIENCE: A SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smithsonian Poles Symposium 2007 CY MAY 03-04, 2007 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC HO Smithsonian Inst ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ICE COVER; COMMUNITIES; INTRODUCTIONS; ANTARCTICA; PACIFIC; BIODIVERSITY AB Biological invasions in coastal ecosystems have occurred throughout Earth's history, but the scale and tempo have increased greatly in recent time due to human-mediated dispersal. Available data suggest that a strong latitudinal pattern exists for such human introductions in coastal systems. The documented number of introduced species (with established, self-sustaining populations) is greatest in temperate regions and declines sharply at higher latitudes. This observed invasion pattern across latitudes may result from differences in (1) historical baseline knowledge, (2) propagule supply, (3) resistance to invasion, and (4) disturbance regime. To date, the relative importance of these mechanisms across geographic regions has not been evaluated, and each may be expected to change over time. Of particular interest and concern are the interactive effects of climate change and human activities on marine invasions at high latitudes. Shifts in invasion dynamics may be especially pronounced in the Northern Hemisphere, where current models predict not only an increase in sea surface temperatures but also a rapid reduction in sea ice in the Arctic. These environmental changes may greatly increase invasion opportunity at high northern latitudes due to shipping, mineral exploration, shoreline development, and other human responses. C1 [Ruiz, Gregory M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM ruizg@si.edu RI Hewitt, Chad/C-4460-2008 OI Hewitt, Chad/0000-0002-6859-6512 NR 76 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-1-5 PY 2009 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.5479/si.097884601X.26 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Geography; Geography, Physical; History & Philosophy Of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; History & Philosophy of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJC33 UT WOS:000264705700026 ER PT B AU Wilson, RW Stark, AA AF Wilson, Robert W. Stark, Antony A. BE Krupnik, I Lang, MA Miller, SE TI Cosmology from Antarctica SO SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smithsonian Poles Symposium 2007 CY MAY 03-04, 2007 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC HO Smithsonian Inst ID ANGULAR SCALE INTERFEROMETER; INTEGRATED GALACTIC EMISSION; NB/ALOX/NB TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; 1ST SEASON OBSERVATIONS; WATER-VAPOR COLUMN; SOUTH-POLE; CMB POLARIZATION; SUBMILLIMETER-TELESCOPE; ATMOSPHERIC OPACITY; ARRAY RECEIVER AB Four hundred thousand years after the Big Bang, electrons and nuclei combined to form atoms for the first time, allowing a sea of photons to stream freely through a newly transparent universe. After billions of years, those photons, highly redshifted by the universal cosmic expansion, have become the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation we see coming from all directions today. Observation of the CMB is central to observational cosmology, and the Antarctic plateau is an exceptionally good site for this work. The first attempt at CMB observations from the plateau was an expedition to the South Pole in December 1986 by the Radio Physics Research group at Bell Laboratories. No CMB anisotropies were observed, but sky noise and opacity were measured. The results were sufficiently encouraging that in the austral summer of 1988-1989, three CMB groups participated in the "Cucumber" campaign, where a temporary site dedicated to CMB anisotropy measurements was set up 2 km from South Pole Station. These were summer-only campaigns. Wintertime observations became possible in 1990 with the establishment of the Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica (CARA), a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center. The CARA developed year-round observing facilities in the "Dark Sector," a section of Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station dedicated to astronomical observations. The CARA scientists fielded several astronomical instruments: Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory. (ASTIRO), South Pole Infrared Explorer (SPIREX), White Dish, Python, Viper, Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR), and Degree-Angular Scale Interferometer (DASI). By 2001, data from CARA, together with that from Balloon Observations of Millimetric Extragalactic Radiation and Geophysics (BOOMERANG-a CMB experiment on a long-duration balloon launched from McMurdo Station on the coast of Antarctica) showed clear evidence that the overall geometry of the universe is flat, as opposed to being positively or negatively curved. In 2002, the DASI group reported the detection of polarization in the CMB. These observations strongly support a "concordance model" of cosmology, where the dynamics of a flat universe are dominated by forces exerted by the mysterious dark energy and dark matter. The CMB observations continue on the Antarctic plateau. The South Pole Telescope (SPT) is a newly operational 10-m-diameter offset telescope designed to rapidly measure anisotropies on scales much smaller than 1 degrees. C1 [Wilson, Robert W.; Stark, Antony A.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rwilson@cfa.harvard.edu NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-1-5 PY 2009 BP 359 EP 367 DI 10.5479/si.097884601X.27 PG 9 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Geography; Geography, Physical; History & Philosophy Of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; History & Philosophy of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJC33 UT WOS:000264705700027 ER PT B AU Mccoy, TJ Welzenbach, LC Corrigan, CM AF Mccoy, Timothy J. Welzenbach, Linda C. Corrigan, Catherine M. BE Krupnik, I Lang, MA Miller, SE TI Antarctic Meteorites: Exploring the Solar System from the Ice SO SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smithsonian Poles Symposium 2007 CY MAY 03-04, 2007 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC HO Smithsonian Inst AB The collection of meteorites from the Antarctic plateau has changed from a scientific curiosity to a major source of extraterrestrial material. Following initial meteorite recoveries in 1.976, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Smithsonian Institution formed the U.S. Antarctic Meteorite program for the collection, curation, classification, and distribution of Antarctic meteorites, which was formalized in 1981. The Smithsonian provides classification and serves as the long-term curatorial repository, resulting in explosive growth of the Smithsonian meteorite collection. After 30 field seasons, more than 80% of the Smithsonian collection now originates from Antarctica. In addition to curation and classification, Smithsonian staff provide administrative leadership to the program, serve on field expeditions, and provide specimens for outreach and display. Given the relatively pristine state and ancient terrestrial ages of these meteorites, they provide perhaps our best sampling of the material in our solar system. Meteorites from the Moon were first recognized among the Antarctic meteorites in 1981, as was the first martian meteorite the next year. In 1996, debate erupted about evidence for past microbial life in an Antarctic martian meteorite, and that debate spurred the launch of two rovers to explore Mars. Among meteorites thought to have originated on asteroids, ingredients for ancient life may have survived much higher temperatures than previously envisioned during early planetary melting and differentiation. The ongoing collection of Antarctic meteorites will enrich the scientific community and Smithsonian Institution in specimens and knowledge about our solar system. C1 [Mccoy, Timothy J.; Welzenbach, Linda C.; Corrigan, Catherine M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM mccoyt@si.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-1-5 PY 2009 BP 387 EP 394 DI 10.5479/si.097884601X.31 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Geography; Geography, Physical; History & Philosophy Of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; History & Philosophy of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJC33 UT WOS:000264705700031 ER PT J AU Langley, JA McKinley, DC Wolf, AA Hungate, BA Drake, BG Megonigal, JP AF Langley, J. Adam McKinley, Duncan C. Wolf, Amelia A. Hungate, Bruce A. Drake, Bert G. Megonigal, J. Patrick TI Priming depletes soil carbon and releases nitrogen in a scrub-oak ecosystem exposed to elevated CO2 SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon cycling; Elevated CO2; Nitrogen mineralization; Priming; Progressive nitrogen limitation; Soil organic carbon; Soil organic matter ID ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; FOREST; RESPONSES; FERTILIZATION; RESPIRATION AB Elevated atmospheric CO2 tends to stimulate plant productivity, which could either stimulate or suppress the processing of soil carbon, thereby feeding back to atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We employed an acid-hydrolysis-incubation method and a net nitrogen-mineralization assay to assess stability of soil carbon pools and short-term nitrogen dynamics in a Florida scrub-oak ecosystem after six years of exposure to elevated CO2. We found that soil carbon concentration in the slow pool was 27% lower in elevated than ambient CO2 plots at 0-10 cm depth. The difference in carbon mass was equivalent to roughly one-third of the increase in plant biomass that occurred in the same experiment. These results concur with previous reports from this ecosystem that elevated CO2 stimulates microbial degradation of relatively stable soil organic carbon pools. Accordingly, elevated CO2 increased net N mineralization in the 10-30 cm depth, which may increase N availability, thereby allowing for continued stimulation of plant productivity by elevated CO2. Our findings suggest that soil texture and climate may explain the differential response of soil carbon among various long-term, field-based CO2 studies. Increased mineralization of stable soil organic carbon by a CO2-induced priming effect may diminish the terrestrial carbon sink globally. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Langley, J. Adam; McKinley, Duncan C.; Drake, Bert G.; Megonigal, J. Patrick] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Wolf, Amelia A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Hungate, Bruce A.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Megonigal, JP (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Box 5640, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM megonigalp@si.edu RI Hungate, Bruce/F-8991-2011 OI Hungate, Bruce/0000-0002-7337-1887 FU Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; Department of Energy Terrestrial Carbon Program Grants; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, Department of Energy Terrestrial Carbon Program Grants, and the National Science Foundation. We thank Kim Givler and Julio Romero for soil processing, Frank Day and Alisha Brown for soil data, and S.K. Chapman for helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers whose constructive comments improved upon an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 6 U2 74 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 41 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.016 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 391RR UT WOS:000262250900008 ER PT J AU Yeates, AR Mackay, DH AF Yeates, A. R. Mackay, D. H. TI Modelling the Global Solar Corona: III. Origin of the Hemispheric Pattern of Filaments SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Magnetic fields: Corona; Prominences: Magnetic field; Helicity: Magnetic ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPES; ACTIVE REGIONS; PROMINENCES; HELICITY; CHIRALITY; EVOLUTION; FIELDS; CHANNELS; CONSEQUENCES; RECONNECTION AB We consider the physical origin of the hemispheric pattern of filament chirality on the Sun. Our 3D simulations of the coronal field evolution over a period of six months, based on photospheric magnetic measurements, were previously shown to be highly successful at reproducing observed filament chiralities. In this paper we identify and describe the physical mechanisms responsible for this success. The key mechanisms are found to be (1) differential rotation of north-south polarity inversion lines, (2) the shape of bipolar active regions, and (3) evolution of skew over a period of many days. As on the real Sun, the hemispheric pattern in our simulations holds in a statistical sense. Exceptions arise naturally for filaments in certain locations relative to bipolar active regions or from interactions among a number of active regions. C1 [Yeates, A. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mackay, D. H.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. RP Yeates, AR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ayeates@cfa.harvard.edu RI Yeates, Anthony/D-1338-2014 OI Yeates, Anthony/0000-0002-2728-4053 FU UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). We thank A. A. van Ballegooijen and an anonymous referee for suggesting improvements to the paper. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 254 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s11207-008-9276-7 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 382AN UT WOS:000261577100005 ER PT B AU Korzennik, SG Eff-Darwich, A AF Korzennik, S. G. Eff-Darwich, A. BE Dikpati, M Arentoft, T Hernandez, IG Lindsey, C Hill, F TI On the Dependence of our Inferences about the Solar Internal Rotation on the Frequency Fitting Methodology SO SOLAR-STELLAR DYNAMOS AS REVEALED BY HELIO AND ASTEROSEISMOLOGY: GONG 2008/SOHO 21 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Solar-Stellar Dynamos as Revealed by Helio and Asteroseismology (GONG 2008/SOHO 21) CY AUG 11-15, 2008 CL High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO HO High Altitude Observ AB We show how inferences of the solar internal rotation rate depend on different aspects of the mode fitting procedure. We study the stability of the rotation rate and its variation with time through inversions of frequency splittings data sets computed from fitting 364, 728 and 2088-day long Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) time series, 72-day long MDI time series and 108-day long Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) time series with different fitting methodologies and acquired during Cycle 23. The frequency splittings obtained from MDI and GONG time-series through different fitting techniques are inverted to analyze the effect of the fitting methodology on the inferred rotation rate. In particular, we present inversions based on either individual frequencies (as derived by the fitting technique developed by Korzennik 2005), or frequency splittings parametrized in terms of Clebsh-Gordon (CC) coefficients. We present the impact of using either individual frequencies or CG coefficients on the inversion results. C1 [Korzennik, S. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Eff-Darwich, A.] Inst Astrof Canar, Dpto Deafol & Geol, Tenerife, Spain. RP Korzennik, SG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NASA [NNG05GH14G]; Stanford University; ESA; NASA FX This work utilizes data obtained by the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) program, managed by the National Solar Observatory, which is operated by AURA, Inc. under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The Solar Oscillations Investigation (SOI) is supported by NASA grant NNG05GH14G at Stanford University. SoHO is a mission of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. SGK is supported by NASA grant NNG05GD58G. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-712-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 416 BP 221 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL27 UT WOS:000281240900038 ER PT B AU Salabert, D Eff-Darwich, A Howe, R Korzennik, SG AF Salabert, D. Eff-Darwich, A. Howe, R. Korzennik, S. G. BE Dikpati, M Arentoft, T Hernandez, IG Lindsey, C Hill, F TI Impact of Low-Frequency p Modes on the Inversions of the Internal Rotation of the Sun SO SOLAR-STELLAR DYNAMOS AS REVEALED BY HELIO AND ASTEROSEISMOLOGY: GONG 2008/SOHO 21 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Solar-Stellar Dynamos as Revealed by Helio and Asteroseismology (GONG 2008/SOHO 21) CY AUG 11-15, 2008 CL High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO HO High Altitude Observ AB We used the m-averaged spectrum technique ("collapsogram") to extract the low-frequency solar p-mode parameters of low- and intermediate-angular degrees (l <= 35) in long time series of Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) and Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) observations. Rotational splittings and central frequencies have been measured down to approximate to 850 mu Hz, including predicted modes which have not been measured previously. Both GONG and MDI frequency splitting data sets were numerically inverted to extract the internal solar rotation rate. The impact of the very low-frequency observables and the differences between GONG and MDI data sets on the inversion results are also analyzed. C1 [Salabert, D.; Eff-Darwich, A.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. [Eff-Darwich, A.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Edafolog & Geolog, Tenerife 38205, Spain. [Howe, R.] Natl Solar Observat, Tucson, AZ 85729 USA. [Korzennik, S. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Salabert, D (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. EM salabert@iac.es; rhowe@noao.edu FU MDI; Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory; SOl; Stanford University; ESA; NASA; SOI-MDI NASA [NAGS-3077] FX The authors acknowledge many years of effort by the engineering and support staff of the MDI development team at the Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory (now Lockheed-Martin) and the SOl development team at Stanford University. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. This research is supported by the SOI-MDI NASA contract NAGS-3077 at Stanford University NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-712-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 416 BP 253 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL27 UT WOS:000281240900044 ER PT B AU Korzennik, SG AF Korzennik, S. G. BE Dikpati, M Arentoft, T Hernandez, IG Lindsey, C Hill, F TI Results from Fitting Long and Very-Long MDI Time-Series at Low and Intermediate Degrees SO SOLAR-STELLAR DYNAMOS AS REVEALED BY HELIO AND ASTEROSEISMOLOGY: GONG 2008/SOHO 21 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Solar-Stellar Dynamos as Revealed by Helio and Asteroseismology (GONG 2008/SOHO 21) CY AUG 11-15, 2008 CL High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO HO High Altitude Observ AB I present results from fitting long and very-long MDI time series of spherical harmonics coefficients, at low and intermediate degrees. The fitting methodology used, initially developed for very-long time series, incorporates several key aspects not present in the "production" Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) (or Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG)) fitting methodologies. The fitting has since been extended to higher degrees and applied to shorter time series, resulting in fitting 2088-day long, as well as, 728, 364 and 182-day long time series, covering nearly 11 years of observations. The 2088-day long time series has been fitting up to l = 125. Nine overlapping 728-day long time series have been fitted up to l = 95, while nineteen and thirty nine overlapping 364 and 182-day long time series, respectively, have been fitted up to l = 47. I present and discuss some of the characteristics of the observed temporal changes. Presentation and discussion of remaining "issues" with the fitting, as well as the inferred rotation inversion are shown in separate contribution to these proceeding. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Solar & Stellar Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Korzennik, SG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Solar & Stellar Phys Div, 60 Garden St,MS 16, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sylvain@cfa.harvard.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-712-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 416 BP 315 EP 320 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL27 UT WOS:000281240900058 ER PT B AU Saar, SH AF Saar, S. H. BE Dikpati, M Arentoft, T Hernandez, IG Lindsey, C Hill, F TI The Activity Cycles and Surface Differential Rotation of Single Dwarfs SO SOLAR-STELLAR DYNAMOS AS REVEALED BY HELIO AND ASTEROSEISMOLOGY: GONG 2008/SOHO 21 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Solar-Stellar Dynamos as Revealed by Helio and Asteroseismology (GONG 2008/SOHO 21) CY AUG 11-15, 2008 CL High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO HO High Altitude Observ ID LONG-TERM PHOTOMETRY; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; YOUNG SOLAR ANALOGS; SUN-LIKE STARS; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; CHROMOSPHERIC VARIATIONS; F-DWARFS; EVOLUTION; FIELDS; PERIODS AB I present an updated overview of activity cycles in cool stars. Long-term study of magnetic proxies such as Ca II HK emission and photometry are the primary tools for investigating stellar activity cycles. I focus on cycle data from these sources, specifically for single dwarf stars. These restrictions reduce two areas of uncertainty: structural changes due to evolution and the effects of binarity. I explore the relationships between cycle period, cycle amplitude and various stellar properties, including rotation and surface differential rotation (SDR). Cycle period relationships are somewhat ambiguous; similar restrictions on the data set for SDR, however, reveal interesting trends. Speculations on what the results might imply for the dynamo are wildly tossed about. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Saar, SH (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS 58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM saar@cfa.harvard.edu NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-712-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 416 BP 375 EP 384 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL27 UT WOS:000281240900069 ER PT J AU Garrity, GM Thompson, LM Ussery, DW Paskin, N Baker, D Desmeth, P Schindel, DE Ong, PS AF Garrity, George M. Thompson, Lorraine M. Ussery, David W. Paskin, Norman Baker, Dwight Desmeth, Philippe Schindel, D. E. Ong, P. S. TI Studies on Monitoring and Tracking Genetic Resources: An Executive Summary SO STANDARDS IN GENOMIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB The principles underlying fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from the utilization of genetic resources are set out in Article 15 of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, which stipulate that access to genetic resources is subject to the prior informed consent of the country where such resources are located and to mutually agreed terms regarding the sharing of benefits that could be derived from such access. One issue of particular concern for provider countries is how to monitor and track genetic resources once they have left the provider country and enter into use in a variety of forms. This report was commissioned to provide a detailed review of advances in DNA sequencing technologies, as those methods apply to identification of genetic resources, and the use of globally unique persistent identifiers for persistently linking to data and other forms of digital documentation that is linked to individual genetic resources. While the report was written for an audience with a mixture of technical, legal, and policy backgrounds it is relevant to the genomics community as it is an example of downstream application of genomics information. C1 [Garrity, George M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Thompson, Lorraine M.] Pair Docs Consulting, Saline, MI USA. [Ussery, David W.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Syst Biol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Paskin, Norman] Tertius Ltd, Oxford, England. [Desmeth, Philippe] Belgian Sci Policy Off, BCCM Belgian Coordinated Collect Microorganisms, Brussels, Belgium. [Schindel, D. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Ong, P. S.] Univ Philippines, Inst Biol, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. RP Garrity, GM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Garrity, George/F-7551-2013; OI Garrity, George/0000-0002-4465-7034; Ussery, David/0000-0003-3632-5512 FU UN Secretariat on the Convention on Biological Diversity to Michigan State University [8-26-17306] FX This work was commissioned under a contract from the UN Secretariat on the Convention on Biological Diversity to Michigan State University, Contract No. 8-26-17306 and is reprinted with permission. The complete document (UNEP/CBD/WG-ABS/7/INF/2) is available from the CBD website. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU GENOMIC STAND CONSORT PI EAST LANSING PA MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, GEEO GARRITY, DEPT MICROBIOL, 6162 BIOMED & PHYS SCI BLDG, EAST LANSING, MI 48824 USA SN 1944-3277 J9 STAND GENOMIC SCI JI Stand. Genomic Sci. PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.4056/sigs.1491 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA V17CW UT WOS:000207916300011 PM 21304641 ER PT B AU Wang, T Cu, QS Huang, JS AF Wang, Tao Cu, Q. -S. Huang, J. -S. BE Wang, W Yang, SQ Luo, ZJ Chen, Z TI Improving Photometric Redshifts Using Different Photometric Parameters SO STARBURST-AGN CONNECTION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Starburst-AGN Connection CY OCT 27-31, 2008 CL Shanghai Normal Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Shanghai Normal Univ ID CATALOG; GALAXIES AB We compute accurate photometric redshifts for a sample of similar to 80,000 SDSS-2MASS galaxies with known spectroscopic redshifts, aiming to find the physical parameters which determine the accuracy of photometric redshifts. We find that the photometric redshift derived form the artificial neural network photometric redshift method (ANNz) recover the spectroscopic redshift distribution very well with rms of 0.017. Our main results include that: using magnitudes directly as input parameters produces more accurate photo-z's than using the color index; the inclusion of 2MASS (J, H, K) bands does not improve photo-z's significantly while the inclusion of the concentration index can improve the photo-z's estimation up to similar to 10 percent. Moreover, if we divide the sample into early- and late- type galaxies or red and blue galaxies, and estimate their photo-z's respectively, we can derive photo-z's more accurately. Finally, our analysis show that the outliers in each case we considered are correlated well with galaxy types, that is, most outliers are late-type (blue) galaxies. C1 [Wang, Tao; Cu, Q. -S.] Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Huang, J. -S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wang, T (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. FU New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET); National Science Foundation of china [10221001, 10633040]; National Basic Research Program [2007CB815405] FX This work is supported by program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET), the National Science Foundation of china under 10221001 and 10633040, and the National Basic Research Program (973 program No.2007CB815405). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-696-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 408 BP 215 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQJ82 UT WOS:000281192900040 ER PT B AU Martin, S AF Martin, Sergio BE Wang, W Yang, SQ Luo, ZJ Chen, Z TI The Chemical Evolution of Starbursts SO STARBURST-AGN CONNECTION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Starburst-AGN Connection CY OCT 27-31, 2008 CL Shanghai Normal Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Shanghai Normal Univ ID NEARBY SEYFERT-GALAXIES; GALACTIC-CENTER; NUCLEUS; ARP-220; LINE; PDR; GAS AB The chemistry observed in the central region of galaxies is expected to be strongly influenced by the type of nuclear activity (i.e. SB and/or AGN). During the last few years, our understanding of the molecular composition of the extragalactic nuclear ISM has stepped forward thanks to the increased sensitivity of the instruments operating in the mm and sub-mm wavelength. A total of 40 molecular species have been detected outside the Milky Way. However, to make sense of the rapidly increasing extragalactic molecular information, finding the best tracers of the different nuclear activity is of key importance to understand the processes taking place in the most obscured regions of galactic nuclei. I present a summary of the latest results in extragalactic chemistry. Special attention will be paid to the different diagnostic diagrams proposed to disentangle the SB vs. AGN contribution based on the ratios between CO, HCN, and HCO(+), as well as those proposed to define a sequence within the nuclear star-burst evolution through the observation of the HNCO/CS ratio, found to be highly contrasted among starburst nuclei. I also discuss the potential of spectral line surveys as a step forward in the understanding the chemistry of extragalactic sources. Recent results of ongoing line surveys both in single-dish (TRAM 30m) and aperture synthesis telescopes (SMA) will be presented. The advent of a new generation of sensitive instruments such as ALMA in the nearby future will offer us the possibility of disentangling the chemical composition of AGN and SB which will be essential to understand the chemistry of the highly obscured nuclei at high redshifts. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Martin, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-696-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 408 BP 322 EP 327 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQJ82 UT WOS:000281192900062 ER PT B AU Hickox, RC AF Hickox, Ryan C. CA Bootes Survey Collaboration BE Wang, W Yang, SQ Luo, ZJ Chen, Z TI Clustering, Host Galaxies, and Evolution of AGN SO STARBURST-AGN CONNECTION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Starburst-AGN Connection CY OCT 27-31, 2008 CL Shanghai Normal Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Shanghai Normal Univ ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; MODEL; FEEDBACK; QUASARS; COLORS; FLOWS; FIELD; RED AB We explore the connection between different classes of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the evolution of their host galaxies, by deriving host galaxy properties, clustering, and Eddington ratios of AGNs selected in the radio, X-ray, and infrared (IR) wavebands from the wide-field (9 deg(2)) Bootes survey. We study a sample of 585 AGNs at 0.25 < z < 0.8 using redshifts from the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey (AGES). We find that radio and X-ray AGNs reside in relatively large dark matter halos (M(halo) similar to 3 x 10(13) and 10(13) h(-1) M(circle dot) respectively) and are found in galaxies with red and "green" colors. In contrast, IR AGNs are in less luminous galaxies, have higher Eddington ratios, and reside in halos with M(halo) < 10(12) M(circle dot). We interpret these results in terms of a general picture for AGNs and galaxy evolution, in which quasar activity is triggered when M(halo) similar to 10(12)-10(13) M(circle dot), after which star formation ceases and AGN accretion shifts to optically-faint, X-ray and radio-bright modes. C1 [Hickox, Ryan C.; Bootes Survey Collaboration] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hickox, RC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-696-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 408 BP 341 EP 346 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQJ82 UT WOS:000281192900065 ER PT B AU Younger, JD Fazio, GG Wilner, DJ Ashby, MLN Blundell, R Gurwell, MA Huang, JS Iono, D Peck, AB Scott, KS Wilson, GW Yun, MS AF Younger, J. D. Fazio, G. G. Wilner, D. J. Ashby, M. L. N. Blundell, R. Gurwell, M. A. Huang, J-S. Iono, D. Peck, A. B. Scott, K. S. Wilson, G. W. Yun, M. S. BE Wang, W Yang, SQ Luo, ZJ Chen, Z TI Are the Most Luminous Submillimeter Galaxies Eddington Limited Starbursts? SO STARBURST-AGN CONNECTION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Starburst-AGN Connection CY OCT 27-31, 2008 CL Shanghai Normal Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Shanghai Normal Univ ID STAR-FORMATION; FIELD; POPULATION; CATALOG; HISTORY AB We present high resolution submillimeter interferometric imaging of two of the brightest high-redshift submillimeter galaxies known: GN20 and AzTEC1 at 0.3 and 0.8 arcsec resolution respectively. Our data - the highest resolution submillimeter imaging of high redshift sources accomplished to date - was collected in three different array configurations: compact, extended, and very extended. We derive angular sizes of 0.6 and 1.0 arcsec for GN20 and 0.3 and 0.4 arcsec for AzTEC1 from modeling their visibility functions as a Gaussian and elliptical disk respectively. We find preliminary evidence that these hyperluminous starbursts - with star formation rates > 1000 M-circle dot yr(-1) - are radiating at or close to their Eddington limit. Should future high resolution observations indicate that these two objects are typical of a population of high redshift Eddington-limited starbursts, this could have important consequences for models of star formation and feedback in extreme environments. C1 [Younger, J. D.; Fazio, G. G.; Wilner, D. J.; Ashby, M. L. N.; Blundell, R.; Gurwell, M. A.; Huang, J-S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Iono, D.] NAOJ, Natl Radio Observ, Minamimaki, Nagano 3841305, Japan. [Peck, A. B.] Joint ALMA Off, Santiago 7550108, Chile. [Scott, K. S.; Wilson, G. W.; Yun, M. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Younger, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-696-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 408 BP 405 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQJ82 UT WOS:000281192900077 ER PT B AU Shu, CG Fu, LP Huang, JS Bartelmann, M Mellier, Y AF Shu, Chenggang Fu, Liping Huang, J-S. Bartelmann, Matthias Mellier, Yannick BE Wang, W Yang, SQ Luo, ZJ Chen, Z TI Star Forming Galaxies Lensed by A 370 SO STARBURST-AGN CONNECTION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Starburst-AGN Connection CY OCT 27-31, 2008 CL Shanghai Normal Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Shanghai Normal Univ ID GRAVITATIONAL ARCS; DARK-MATTER; CLUSTERS AB Based on the reconstructed mass configuration of A 370 (Shu et al 2008) and together with the observational data taken by Subaru, HST and Spitzer, it is found that the NFW mass profile is more realistic than the isothermal profile for A 370 after comparing the predicted and observed relative magnifications of individual arcs and arclet pairs. The high-quality images of A 370 in twelve bands from B to infrared allow us to recover SEDs for individual arcs and arclets in the field of A 370. The obtained photometric redshifts of individual studied arc/arclets are consistent with the previous ones and the requirements of the lens model. We also find eight new arclet candidates and their photometric redshifts are investigated based on their SEDs. It is pointed out that a new arclet pair labeled as Z7, Z8 and W2 arises from an active star-forming galaxy heavily enshrouded by dust at z approximate to 1.1. C1 [Shu, Chenggang; Fu, Liping] Shanghai Normal Univ, Shanghai Key Lab Astrophys, Shanghai 200234, Peoples R China. [Fu, Liping] Osserv Astron Capodimonte, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Huang, J-S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bartelmann, Matthias] Zentrum Astron Univ Heidelberg, ITA, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Mellier, Yannick] Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Shu, CG (reprint author), Shanghai Normal Univ, Shanghai Key Lab Astrophys, Shanghai 200234, Peoples R China. FU Chinese National Science Foundation [10878003, 10778725]; 973 Program [2007CB815402]; Shanghai Nornal University [DZL805] FX This project is partially supported by Chinese National Science Foundation Nos.10878003 & 10778725, 973 Program No.2007CB815402, Shanghai Science Foundations and Leading Academic Displine Projecr of Shanghai Nornal University (DZL805). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-696-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 408 BP 432 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQJ82 UT WOS:000281192900081 ER PT B AU Watabe, Y Risaliti, G Salvati, M Nardini, E Sani, E Marconi, A AF Watabe, Y. Risaliti, G. Salvati, M. Nardini, E. Sani, E. Marconi, A. BE Wang, W Yang, SQ Luo, ZJ Chen, Z TI Redshift Dependence of AGN Activity in SMGs SO STARBURST-AGN CONNECTION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Starburst-AGN Connection CY OCT 27-31, 2008 CL Shanghai Normal Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Shanghai Normal Univ AB To make clear the origin of energy source of Submillimeter and 24 mu m-selected ULIRGs at high redshift (z = 1-3), we disentangle the active galactic nucleus (AGN) and starburst contributions by using the mid-infrared spectra observed with Spitzer-IRS spectrometer and the AGN/starburst decomposition model. We quantitatively estimate the average AGN contribution to the stacked 6-8 mu m rest-frame spectra of these sources, and, under the assumption of similar infrared-to-bolometric ratios as in local ULIRGs, the relative AGN/starburst contributions to the total infrared luminosity. As a result, while overall the starburst component is dominant in submillimeter galaxies, we find a significant increase of the AGN contribution at redshift z > 2.3 with respect to objects at z < 2.3. Although the mid-infrared emission of 24 mu m-ULIRGs is dominated by the AGN component, the starburst component contributes significantly to the bolometric luminosity. C1 [Watabe, Y.; Salvati, M.] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, Lgo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Risaliti, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nardini, E.; Sani, E.; Marconi, A.] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Watabe, Y (reprint author), INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, Lgo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-696-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 408 BP 457 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQJ82 UT WOS:000281192900085 ER PT S AU Creech-Eakman, MJ Hora, J Ivezic, Z Jurgenson, C Luttermoser, D Marengo, M Speck, A Stencel, R Thompson, RR AF Creech-Eakman, M. J. Hora, J. Ivezic, Z. Jurgenson, C. Luttermoser, D. Marengo, M. Speck, A. Stencel, R. Thompson, R. R. BE Guzik, JA Bradley, PA TI Multiwavelength Study of Pulsation and Dust Production in Mira Variables Using Optical Interferometry for Constraints SO STELLAR PULSATION: CHALLENGES FOR THEORY AND OBSERVATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Stellar Pulsation - Challenges for Theory and Observation CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, TAE Photo & Design, La Fonda Plaza DE mira variables; dust production; infrared spectroscopy; optical/infrared interferometry; facility: Spitzer Space Telescope facility: Palomar Testbed Interferometer ID TIME-VARIATION; STARS AB Optical interferometry is a technique by which the diameters and indeed the direct pulsations of stars are routinely being measured. As a follow-on to a 7 year interferometric campaign to measure the pulsations of over 100 mira variables, our team has been using the Spitzer Space Telescope to obtain 95 mid-infrared spectra of 25 miras during their pulsations over one year while simultaneously ascertaining their near-infrared diameters using the Palomar Testbed Interferometer. These data will then be combined with modeling from NLTE and radiative transfer codes to place hard constraints on our understanding of these stars and their circumstellar environments. We present some initial results from this work and discuss the next steps toward fully characterizing the atmosphere, molecular photosphere and dust production in mira variables. C1 [Creech-Eakman, M. J.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Creech-Eakman, M. J.; Jurgenson, C.] Magdalena Ridge Observ Interferometer, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Hora, J.; Marengo, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ivezic, Z.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Luttermoser, D.] East Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Marengo, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Speck, A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Stencel, R.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Thompson, R. R.] NASA, Opt Sci Corp, SOFIA Project, Dryden Aircraft Operat Fac, Palmdal, CA 93550 USA. RP Creech-Eakman, MJ (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 FU NASA grant to the PI and team associated with Spitzer program [GO50717] FX Some of the work on this project was supported through a NASA grant to the PI and team associated with Spitzer program GO50717. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0707-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1170 BP 137 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPW04 UT WOS:000280126200030 ER PT S AU Templeton, MR Karovska, M AF Templeton, Matthew R. Karovska, Margarita BE Guzik, JA Bradley, PA TI Long-Term Variability in o Ceti and Other Mira Variables: Signs of Supergranular Convection? SO STELLAR PULSATION: CHALLENGES FOR THEORY AND OBSERVATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Stellar Pulsation - Challenges for Theory and Observation CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, TAE Photo & Design, La Fonda Plaza DE stars: variables: Mira variables ID STARS; SIMULATIONS; ASYMMETRIES; ATMOSPHERE AB We describe our study of long-term variability of o Ceti (Mira A), the prototype of the Mira-type pulsating stars. Our study was originally undertaken to search for coherent long-period variability, but the results of our analysis didn't uncover this. However, we detected a low-frequency "red noise" in the Fourier spectrum of the o Ceti century-long light curve. We have since found similar behavior in other Miras and pulsating giant stars and have begun a study of a large sample of Mira variables. Similar red noise has been previously detected in red supergiants and attributed to supergranular convection. Its presence in Miras suggests the phenomenon may be ubiquitous in cool giant pulsators. These results support high-angular resolution observations of Miras and supergiants showing asymmetries in their surface brightness distributions, which may be due to large supergranular convection cells. Theoretical modeling, and numerical simulations of pulsation processes in late-type giants and supergiants should therefore take into account the effects of deep convection and large supergranular structures, which in turn may provide important insights into the behavior of Miras and other giant and supergiant pulsators. In this work, we summarize our results for o Ceti, present preliminary results of our broader study of Mira variables, and discuss how the results of this study may be used by future studies of AGB variables. C1 [Templeton, Matthew R.] AAVSO, 49 Bay State Rd, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Karovska, Margarita] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Templeton, MR (reprint author), AAVSO, 49 Bay State Rd, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NASA [NAS8-03060] FX rThe authors thank the many thousands of variable star observers world-wide whose observations over more than a century have made this work possible. We thank R. Pickard of the BAAVSS and R. Macintosh of the RASNZ for personally providing the data archives of their organizations, and the AFOEV and VSOLJ for making their archives available. We thank E. Zsoldos and G. Marschalko for supplying an electronic copy of their archival Mira light curve as well. MK is a member of the Chandra X-Ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Contract NAS8-03060 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0707-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1170 BP 164 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPW04 UT WOS:000280126200038 ER PT B AU Melnick, GJ AF Melnick, Gary J. BE Lis, DC Vaillancourt, JE Goldsmith, PF Bell, TA Scoville, NZ Zmuidzinas, J TI Following the Water from 1969 to Herschel SO SUBMILLIMETER ASTROPHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY: A SYMPOSIUM HONORING THOMAS G. PHILLIPS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Submillimeter Astrophysics and Technology held in honor of Thomas G Philllips CY FEB 23-24, 2009 CL Calif Inst Technol, Pasadena, CA HO Calif Inst Technol ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SHOCK-WAVES; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; INTERSTELLAR WATER; THERMAL BALANCE; OUTFLOW; MECHANISM; EMISSION; REGIONS; VAPOR; SWAS AB Water continues to be one of the more compelling molecules for astronomers, despite the difficulties associated with its (non-masing) detection other than from space. Water forms in the gas-phase and on grains in ways that produce a large number of other molecules, thus making the distribution and abundance of water a very useful probe of our understanding of astrochemistry. In high abundance, water's large dipole moment and many available transitions make it a powerful coolant of the gas, thus making it an important molecule for understanding the thermal balance in dense molecular gas. Finally, with the discovery of proto-planetary disks and exoplanets, the transport, formation, and abundance of water within planet-forming sources have assumed heightened interest. This talk briefly reviews the current understanding of water's abundance and distribution in dense molecular clouds and behind shocks, such as those generated by outflows. The further contributions possible with the Herschel Space Observatory are also discussed. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Melnick, GJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gmelnick@cfa.harvard.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-714-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 417 BP 59 EP 70 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL34 UT WOS:000281244000005 ER PT B AU Blundell, R AF Blundell, Raymond BE Lis, DC Vaillancourt, JE Goldsmith, PF Bell, TA Scoville, NZ Zmuidzinas, J TI SIS Receivers: From IRAM to the SMA SO SUBMILLIMETER ASTROPHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY: A SYMPOSIUM HONORING THOMAS G. PHILLIPS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Submillimeter Astrophysics and Technology held in honor of Thomas G Philllips CY FEB 23-24, 2009 CL Calif Inst Technol, Pasadena, CA HO Calif Inst Technol ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; FREQUENCY-RANGE; GHZ; MIXER AB In 1979, the Institut de Radio-Astronomic Millimetrique was established with plans to build a 30-meter diameter single-dish telescope and an interferometric array, both designed to operate at millimeter wavelengths. Since radio-astronomy generally involves the detection of weak signals, high sensitivity is a requirement for most radio-astronomy receivers. Following publication of the first low-noise heterodyne mixing results using the superconductor-insulator-superconductor mixer, it was quickly recognized that SIS mixers would need to be developed at TRAM for these telescopes to become and remain competetive. In this paper, we follow SIS receiver developments at TRAM from 1981. to 1989, at which time the 30 m telescope was equipped with 3, 2, and 1.3 mm SIS receivers and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer was operating at 3 mm. Initial plans to develop an interferometer for submillimeter wavelengths were first presented by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in 1984, and recognizing the need to develop sensitive receiver technology for the submillimeter, funds to establish a receiver laboratory were made available in 1988. We follow receiver developments for the SMA from early experiments incorporating lead-alloy SIS mixers to more recent high frequency developments using Nb mixer technology. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Blundell, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rblundell@cfa.harvard.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-714-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 417 BP 411 EP 424 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQL34 UT WOS:000281244000038 ER PT B AU Herman, RDK AF Herman, R. D. K. BE Backhaus, G Murungi, J TI Pu'u Kohola: Spatial Genealogy of a Hawaiian Symbolic Landscape SO SYMBOLIC LANDSCAPES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference of the International-Association-for-the-Study-of-Environment-Space-and-Place CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2005 CL Towson Univ, Towson, MD SP Int Assoc Study Environm, Space & Place HO Towson Univ C1 [Herman, R. D. K.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Indian, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM hermand@si.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-8702-8 PY 2009 BP 91 EP 108 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8703-5_4 PG 18 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA BIN79 UT WOS:000261163400004 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML AF Buffington, Matthew L. TI Description, circumscription and phylogenetics of the new tribe Zaeucoilini (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae), including a description of a new genus SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGROSTOCYNIPS-DIAZ HYMENOPTERA; CYNIPOIDEA; SUBSTITUTION; AGROMYZIDAE; BUFFINGTON; REVISION; DIPTERA; PARASITOIDS; LIRIOMYZA; EXPANSION AB Neotropical eucoiline genera that have been included in and allied with the Zaeucoila genus group are redescribed. Following character analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction (25 taxa, 96 morphological characters, 1452 ribosomal and mitochondrial characters), this informal genus group was found to be monophyletic, and hence raised to formal recognition as a tribe of eucoilines, namely Zaeucoilini new tribe. Through phylogenetic reconstruction, Aegeseucoela Buffington was determined to be polyphyletic; the type species of Aegeseucoela, A. grenadensis (Ashmead), is transferred to Agrostocynips comb.n.; the orphaned species, A. flavotincta (Kieffer), is transferred to Marthiella Buffington gen.n., comb.n. Based on the examination of the holotype of Diranchis flavipes Ashmead, 1900, this species is transferred to Rhabdeucoela comb.n., where it is both a junior, subjective synonym of flavipes (Ashmead, 1894) syn.n. and a junior, secondary homonym. Zaeucoilini contains the following genera: Agrostocynips Diaz, Dettmeria Borgmeier, Dicerataspis Ashmead, Lopheucoila Weld, Marthiella Buffington, Moneucoela Kieffer, Moritiella Buffington, Penteucoila Weld, Preseucoela Buffington, Rhabdeucoela Kieffer, Tropideucoila Ashmead and Zaeucoila Ashmead. Characters and character states applicable specifically to Zaeucoilini are defined and illustrated. Characters supporting the monophyly of each genus are discussed. The plesiomorphic host for members of the Zaeucoilini are postulated as agromyzid leaf-mining Diptera, with one shift within the clade containing Dettmeria, Dicerataspis and Lopheucoila to fruit-infesting Diptera. New host records are reported for species of Preseucoela, Rhabdeucoela and Zaeucoila. All known hosts for the species of each genus are reported, as are known distributions and locations of type specimens. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, 10th & Constitut Ave NW,POB 37012 MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation Partnerships for the Enhancement and Education in Taxonomy [DEB9712543]; Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA/ARS FX I sincerely appreciate Robert Wharton, James Woolley and John McEachran (Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, U.S.A.) for their guidance in the pursuit of this project. Additional thanks to Goran Nordlander (Swedish Agricultural University, Uppsala, Sweden) and Fredrik Ronquist (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden) for outstanding guidance and support throughout this project. Special thanks to John LaSalle (CSIRO, Canberra, Australia), Owen Lewis (University of Oxford, U.K.) and Sonja Scheffer (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A.) for providing reared specimens and for allowing the use of their host data. I also wish to thank: Robert Kula, Matthew Yoder, Beatrice Rodriguiz and Laurie Warriner (Texas A&M University) for stimulating discussions on parasitic Hymenoptera; the curators of the institutions mentioned in the Materials and methods section for assisting me with loans of specimens; Genevieve Jordan and my sons Riley and Stryker for patience and understanding while conducting this research. Michael Pogue and Thomas Henry (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA/ARS), Mattias Forshage (Uppsala University, Sweden) and two additional anonymous reviewers improved the quality of this paper immensely. This project was funded by the National Science Foundation Partnerships for the Enhancement and Education in Taxonomy (PEET) Grant, number DEB9712543 and the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA/ARS. Research was carried out at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, U.S.A., Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, and the United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC. NR 65 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0307-6970 EI 1365-3113 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 162 EP 187 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00447.x PG 26 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 390GF UT WOS:000262151600011 ER PT J AU Howard, JG Wildt, DE AF Howard, J. G. Wildt, D. E. TI Approaches and efficacy of artificial insemination in felids and mustelids SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IETS Post Conference Symposium on Implementation of Artificial Insemination in CANDES/Satellite Symposium of the 35th International-Embryo-Transfer-Society CY JAN 07, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Int Embryo Transfer Soc DE Carnivora; Felidae; Mustelidae; Cat; Ferret endangered species ID BLACK-FOOTED FERRET; CHEETAH ACINONYX-JUBATUS; INTRAUTERINE HORN INSEMINATION; LEOPARD NEOFELIS-NEBULOSA; HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; TERATOSPERMIC DOMESTIC CATS; FROZEN-THAWED SPERMATOZOA; NORMAL ESTROUS-CYCLE; OVARIAN ACTIVITY; EXOGENOUS GONADOTROPINS C1 [Howard, J. G.] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wildt, D. E.] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Howard, JG (reprint author), Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, POB 37012,MRC 5502, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM howardjg@si.edu NR 111 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 6 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 71 IS 1 SI SI BP 130 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.046 PG 19 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 382RW UT WOS:000261624100019 PM 18996580 ER PT J AU Adams, GP Ratto, MH Collins, CW Bergfelt, DR AF Adams, G. P. Ratto, M. H. Collins, C. W. Bergfelt, D. R. TI Artificial insemination in South American camelids and wild equids SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IETS Post Conference Symposium on Implementation of Artificial Insemination in CANDES/Satellite Symposium of the 35th International-Embryo-Transfer-Society CY JAN 07, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Int Embryo Transfer Soc DE artificial insemination; semen; camelids; llamas; alpacas; equids; horse; donkey ID LLAMA LAMA-GLAMA; SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS; ALPACA SEMEN; SEMINAL CHARACTERISTICS; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; EQUUS-BURCHELLI; PLAINS ZEBRA; COLLECTION; SPERM; CRYOPRESERVATION AB An overview of the present status of the use of artificial insemination (AI) in South American camelids and wild equids is offered. Technical aspects of semen collection, dilution and cryopreservation have limited the development and use of AI in camelid and equid species. To-date, efficiency is low but progress has been made and viable offspring have been produced through the use of AI in domestic South American camelids using, both fresh and frozen semen. The origin, composition, and function of the viscous component of camelid seminal plasma remain a mystery and an obvious area for future research. A better understanding of the normal constituents of seminal plasma will enable the rational design of semen extenders suitable for camelids. Post-thaw sperm viability is very low, and studies are needed to address questions of optimal freezing and thawing procedures as well as the insemination dose. The basis for differences in reported pregnancy rates with sexed and frozen semen in domestic equids, and the ultimate Success of AT in wild equids will require continued research into the "stallion effect", extenders and cryoprotectants, optimal volume and number of spermatozoa, temperatures during handling, processing an transport, and insemination techniques. In both camelids and equids, research on domestic Species under controlled conditions provides and excellent Opportunity to develop effective semen handling techniques for application in wild and endangered species of the respective families. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Adams, G. P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. [Ratto, M. H.] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Vet Sci, Valdivia, Chile. [Collins, C. W.] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA USA. [Bergfelt, D. R.] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Adams, GP (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. EM gregg.adams@usask.ca NR 75 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 71 IS 1 SI SI BP 166 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.005 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 382RW UT WOS:000261624100021 PM 18922569 ER PT J AU Blanco, JM Wildt, DE Hofle, U Voelker, W Donoghue, AM AF Blanco, J. M. y Wildt, D. E. Hoefle, U. Voelker, W. Donoghue, A. M. TI Implementing artificial insemination as an effective tool for ex situ conservation of endangered avian species SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IETS Post Conference Symposium on Implementation of Artificial Insemination in CANDES/Satellite Symposium of the 35th International-Embryo-Transfer-Society CY JAN 07, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Int Embryo Transfer Soc DE Artificial insemination; Endangered species; Birds; Conservation; Sperm ID SEMEN COLLECTION; LEUKOSIS VIRUS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; AMERICAN KESTREL; JAPANESE-QUAIL; SPERM-STORAGE; FERTILITY; TURKEYS; BIRDS; SPERMATOZOA AB Approximately 503 of the known species of birds are classified as 'endangered' or 'critical'. Captive propagation programs have proven useful in maintaining genetic diversity and restoring wild Populations of certain species, including the Peregrine falcon, California condor and Whooping crane. Artificial insemination (AI) has the potential of solving problems inherent to reproductive management of small, closed populations of endangered birds, including dealing with demographic instability, physical and behavioral disabilities, Sexual incompatibility, lack of synchrony, and need to maintain gene diversity. In this review, we address the necessary methods and factors that allow AI to be applied effectively to manage rare bird populations. It is clear that semen availability and quality are the greatest limiting factors to implementing consistently successful AI for birds. Behavioral sensitivity to animal handling and the ability to minimize stress in individual birds also are keys to success. Multiple, deep vaginal inseminations can improve fertility, particularly when semen quality is marginal. Laparoscopic methods of semen transfer also have produced fertile eggs. All of these practices leading to successful AI remain dependent on having adequate basic knowledge on female reproductive status, copulatory behavior, endocrine profiles and duration of fertility, especially as related to oviposition. The overall greatest challenge and highest priority is defining these normative traits. which are highly species-specific. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Blanco, J. M. y] Ctr Estudios Rapaces Iber, Sevilleja De La Jara 45671, Toledo, Spain. [Wildt, D. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Hoefle, U.] IREC, Inst Invest Recursos Cineget, Ciudad Real, Spain. [Donoghue, A. M.] ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Blanco, JM (reprint author), Ctr Estudios Rapaces Iber, Sevilleja De La Jara 45671, Toledo, Spain. EM aquila.foundation@hotmail.com RI Hofle, Ursula/F-8585-2013 OI Hofle, Ursula/0000-0002-6868-079X NR 68 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 71 IS 1 SI SI BP 200 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.019 PG 14 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 382RW UT WOS:000261624100024 PM 19004491 ER PT S AU Charbonneau, D AF Charbonneau, David BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI The Rise of the Vulcans SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union ID PLANET HD 189733B; EXTRASOLAR PLANET; TRANSITING PLANET; PHOTOMETRIC-METHOD; GIANT PLANETS; STAR; MASS; ATMOSPHERE; COMPANION; EMISSION AB In this introductory review, I summarize the path from the initial 1995 radial-velocity discovery of hot Jupiters to the current rich panoply of investigations that are afforded when such objects are observed to transit their parent, stars. Forty transiting exoplanets are now known, and the time for that population to double has dropped below or)(, year. Only for these objects do we have direct estimates of their masses and radii, and can we (at the current, time) undertake direct; studies of the chemistries and dynamics of their atmospheres. Informed by Hie successes of hot Jupiter studies, I outline a path for the spectroscopic study of certain habitable exoplanets that obviates the need for direct imaging. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Charbonneau, D (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-16, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dcharbonneau@cfa.harvard.edu OI Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1017/S1743921308026161 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500001 ER PT S AU Bakos, GA Noyes, RW Kovacs, G Latham, DW Torres, G Sasselov, D Pal, A Sipocz, B Kovacs, G AF Bakos, G. A. Noyes, R. W. Kovacs, G. Latham, D. W. Torres, G. Sasselov, D. Pal, A. Sipoecz, B. Kovacs, Gabor BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI Search for Transiting Exoplanets with HATNet SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union ID HOT JUPITER; BRIGHT STAR; PLANET; FIELD; VARIABILITY; ALGORITHM AB HATNet is a network of six identical, fully automated wide field telescopes, four of which are located in Arizona, and two at Hawaii. The purpose of the network is to search for transiting extrasolar planets around relatively bright stars (8 < I < 12). The longitudinal coverage of 3.5 hours greatly enhances transit detection efficiency. HATNet has been operational since 2004, and has taken more than 1/2 million science frames at 5-min integrations, covering about 7% of the sky. Photometric precision reaches 3 mmag rms at 5.5 min cadence at I approximate to 8, and is 1% at I approximate to 11.3. Hundreds of transit candidates have been detected in the data., and have been subject to vigorous follow-up by various I in-class facilities, both spectroscopy and follow-up photometry. A fraction of the candidates that have survived these steps as not being false alarms have been observed by high resolution and precision spectrographs (primarily Keck/HIRES), to confirm their planetary nature and characterize their properties. So far nine transiting planets have been reported, making HATNet a very successful survey. C1 [Bakos, G. A.; Noyes, R. W.; Latham, D. W.; Torres, G.; Sasselov, D.; Pal, A.; Sipoecz, B.; Kovacs, Gabor] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bakos, GA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gbakos@cfa.harvard.edu; rnoyes@cfa.harvard.edu; dlatham@cfa.harvard.edu; gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu; dsasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; apal@cfa.harvard.edu; dsasselov@cfa.harvard.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1017/S1743921308026197 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500003 ER PT S AU Irwin, J Charbonneau, D Nutzman, P Falco, E AF Irwin, Jonathan Charbonneau, David Nutzman, Philip Falco, Emilio BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI The MEarth project: searching for transiting habitable super-Earths around nearby M dwarfs SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union ID ECLIPSING BINARIES; OPEN CLUSTERS; STARS; CATALOG; MASSES; RADII AB Due to their small radii, M dwarfs are very promising targets to search for transiting super-Earths, with a planet of 2 Earth radii orbiting an M5 dwarf in the habitable zone giving rise to a 0.5% photometric signal, with a period of two weeks. This call be detected from the ground using modest-aperture telescopes by targeting samples of nearby M dwarfs. Such planets would be very amenable to follow-up studies due to the brightness of the parent stars, and the favourable planet-star flux ratio. MEarth is such a transit survey of similar to 2000 nearby M dwarfs. Since the targets are distributed over the entire (Northern) sky, it is necessary to observe them individually, which will be (lone by using 8 independent 0.4m robotic telescopes, two of which have been in operation since December 2007 at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO) located on Mount Hopkins, Arizona. We discuss the survey design and hardware, and report oil the current status of the survey, and preliminary results obtained from the commissioning data. C1 [Irwin, Jonathan; Charbonneau, David; Nutzman, Philip; Falco, Emilio] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Irwin, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jirwin@cfa.harvard.edu; dcharbon@cfa.harvard.edu; pnutzman@cfa.harvard.edu OI Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1017/S1743921308026215 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500005 ER PT S AU Fabrycky, DC AF Fabrycky, Daniel C. BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI What to Expect from Transiting Multiplanet Systems SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union ID SPACE-BASED PHOTOMETRY; EARTH-MASS PLANETS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; TIDAL EVOLUTION; OBLIQUITY TIDES; HOT JUPITERS; SUPER-EARTHS; MIGRATION; PROSPECTS; LOOKING AB So far radial velocity measurements have discovered similar to 25 stars to host multiple planets. The statistics imply that many of the known hosts of transiting planets should have additional planets, yet none have been solidly detected. They will be soon, via complementary search methods of RY, transit-time variations of the known planet, and transits of the additional planet. When they are found, what can transit measurements acid to studies of multiplanet dynamical evolution? First, mutual inclinations become measurable, for comparison to the solar system's disk-like configuration. Such measurements will give important constraints to planet-planet scattering models, just as the radial velocity measurements of eccentricity have done. Second, the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect measures stellar obliquity, which can be modified by two-planet dynamics with a tidally evolving inner planet. Third, transit-time variations are exquisitely sensitive to planets in mean motion resonance. Two planets differentially migrating in the disk can establish such resonances, and tidal evolution of the planets can break them, so the configuration and frequency of these resonances as a function of planetary parameters will constrain these processes. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fabrycky, DC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-51, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM daniel.fabrycky@gmail.com OI Fabrycky, Daniel/0000-0003-3750-0183 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1017/S1743921308026380 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500020 ER PT S AU Miller-Ricci, E Seager, S Sasselov, D AF Miller-Ricci, Eliza Seager, Sara Sasselov, Dimitar BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI The Atmospheres of Extrasolar Super-Earths SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union ID KEPLER MISSION; PLANETS; MASS AB Extrasolar super-Earths (1-10 M(circle plus)) are likely to exist with a wide range of atmospheres. While a number of these planets have already been discovered through radial velocities and microlensing, it will be the discovery of the first transiting super-Earths that, will open the door to a variety of follow-up observations aimed at characterizing their atmospheres. Super-Earths may fill a large range of parameter space in terms of their atmospheric composition and mass. Specifically, some of these planets may have high enough surface gravities to be able to retain large hydrogen-rich atmospheres, while others will have lost most of their hydrogen to space over the planet's lifetime, leaving behind an atmosphere more closely resembling that; of Earth or Venus. The resulting composition of tire super-Earth atmosphere will therefore depend strongly on factors such as atmospheric escape history, outgassing history, and the level of stellar irradiation that it receives. Here we present theoretical models of super-Earth emission and transmission spectral for a variety of possible outcomes of super-Earth atmospheric composition ranging from hydrogen-rich to hydrogen-poor. We focus on how observations can be used to differentiate between the various scenarios and constrain atmospheric composition. C1 [Miller-Ricci, Eliza; Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Miller-Ricci, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM emillerricci@cfa.harvard.edu; seager@mit.edu; sasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; sasselov@cfa.harvard.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1017/S1743921308026483 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500030 ER PT S AU Christiansen, JL Charbonneau, D A'Hearn, MF Deming, D Holman, MJ Ballard, S Weldrakel, DTF Barry, RK Kuchner, MJ Livengood, TA Pedelty, J Schultz, A Hewagama, T Sunshine, JM Wellnitz, DD Hampton, DL Lisse, CM Seager, S Veverka, JF AF Christiansen, Jessie L. Charbonneau, David A'Hearn, Michael F. Deming, Drake Holman, Matthew J. Ballard, Sarah Weldrakel, David T. F. Barry, Richard K. Kuchner, Marc J. Livengood, Timothy A. Pedelty, Jeffrey Schultz, Alfred Hewagama, Tilak Sunshine, Jessica. M. Wellnitz, Dennis D. Hampton, Don L. Lisse, Carey M. Seager, Sara Veverka, Joseph F. BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI The NASA EPOXI mission of opportunity to gather ultraprecise photometry of known transiting exoplanets SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union ID SPACE-BASED PHOTOMETRY; HOT JUPITER; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; MASSIVE PLANET; GIANT PLANET; KEPLER FIELD; HD-209458; LOOKING; SEARCH; NEARBY AB The NASA Discovery mission EPOXI, utilizing the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft; comprises two phases: EPOCh (Extrasolar Planet Observation and Characterization) and DIXI (Deep Impact eXtended Investigation). With EPOCh, we use the 30-cm high resolution visible imager to obtain ultraprecise photometric light curves of known transiting planet systems. We will analyze these data, for evidence of additional planets, via transit timing variations or transits; for planetary moons or rings; for detection of secondary eclipses and the constraint of geometric planetary albedos; and for refinement of the system parameters. Over a period of four months, EPOCh observed four known transiting planet systems, with each system observed continuously for several weeks. Here we present an overview of EPOCh, including the spacecraft and science goals, and preliminary photometry results. C1 [Christiansen, Jessie L.; Charbonneau, David; Holman, Matthew J.; Ballard, Sarah; Weldrakel, David T. F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Christiansen, JL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jchristi@cfa.harvard.edu; debarbon@efa.harvard.edu; leo.d.deming@nasa.gov; m.holman@cfa.harvard.edu; saballard@gmail.com; dweldrak@cfa.harvard.edu; leo.d.deming@nasa.gov; seager@mit.edu RI Hewagama, T/C-8488-2012; Kuchner, Marc/E-2288-2012; Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016; OI Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526; Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1017/S1743921308026525 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500034 ER PT S AU Blake, CH Charbonneau, D Latham, DW AF Blake, Cullen H. Charbonneau, David Latham, David W. BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI Searching for Planetary Companions to Ultracool Dwarfs: Planet Hunting in the Near Infrared SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union ID BROWN DWARFS; SKY SURVEY; MASS AB Owing to their small masses and radii, Ultracool Dwarfs (UCDs, late-M, L, and T dwarfs) may be excellent targets for planet. searches and may afford astronomers the opportunity to detect terrestrial planets in the habitable zone. The precise measurements necessary to detect extrasolar planets orbiting UCDs represent a major challenge. We describe two efforts to obtain precise measurements of UCDs in the Near Infrared (NIR). The first involves the robotic NIR observatory PAIRITEL and efforts to obtain photometric precision sufficient for the detection of terrestrial planets transiting UCDs. The second effort involves precise radial velocity measurements of UCDs in the NIB, and a survey undertaken with the NIRSPEC spectrograph oil Keck. C1 [Blake, Cullen H.; Charbonneau, David; Latham, David W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Blake, CH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cblake@cfa.harvard.edu; dcharbon@cfa.harvard.edu; dlatham@cfa.harvard.edu OI Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 346 EP 349 DI 10.1017/S1743921308026616 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500042 ER PT S AU Bakos, G Afonso, C Henning, T Jordan, A Holman, M Noyes, RW Sackett, PD Sasselov, D Kovacs, G Csubry, Z Pal, A AF Bakos, G. Afonso, C. Henning, T. Jordan, A. Holman, M. Noyes, R. W. Sackett, P. D. Sasselov, D. Kovacs, Gabor Csubry, Z. Pal, A. BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI HAT-South: A Global Network of Southern Hemisphere Automated Telescopes to Detect Transiting Exoplanets SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union AB HAT-South is a, network of six identical, fully automated wide field telescopes, to be located at three sites (Chile: Las Campanas, Australia: Siding Springs, and Namibia: HESS site) in the Southern hemisphere. The primary purpose of the network is to detect and characterize a large number of extra-solar planets transiting nearby bright stars, and to explore their diversity. Operation of HAT-South is a collaboration among the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA) and the Australian National University (ANU). The network is expected to be ready for initial science operations in 2009. The three sites will permit near round-the-clock monitoring of selected fields, and the continuous data-stream will greatly enhance recovery of transits. HAT-South will be sensitive to planetary transits down to R approximate to 14 across a 128 square-degrees combined field of view, thereby targeting a large number of dwarfs with feasible confirmation-mode follow-up. We anticipate a yearly detection rate of approximately 25 planets transiting bright stars. C1 [Bakos, G.; Holman, M.; Noyes, R. W.; Sasselov, D.; Kovacs, Gabor; Csubry, Z.; Pal, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bakos, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gbakos@cfa.harvard.edu; ajordan@cfa.harvard.edu; m.holman@cfa.harvard.edu; rnoyes@cfa.harvard.edu; penny.sacket@anu.edu.au; dsasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; apal@cfa.harvard.edu; dsasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; m.holman@cfa.harvard.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 354 EP 357 DI 10.1017/S174392130802663X PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500044 ER PT S AU Pal, A Bakos, GA Noyes, RW Torres, G AF Pal, Andras Bakos, Gaspar A. Noyes, Robert W. Torres, Guillermo BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI Determination of stellar, orbital and planetary parameters using complete Monte-Carlo analysis - the case of HAT-P-7b SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union AB The recently discovered transiting very hot Jupiter, HAT-P-7b, a planet detected by the telescopes of HATNet, turned out to be among the ones subjected to the highest irradiation from the parent star. In order to best characterize this particular planet, we carried out an analysis based on a complete and simultaneous Monte-Carlo solution using all available data. We included the discovery light curves, partial follow-up light curves, the radial velocity data, and we used the stellar evolution models to infer the stellar properties. This self-consistent way of modeling provides the most precise estimate of the a posteriori distributions of all of the system parameters of interest, and avoids making assumptions on the values and uncertainties of any of the internally derived variables describing the system. P his ana lysis demonstrates that even partial light curve information can be valuable. This may become very important for future discoveries of planets with longer periods - and therefore longer transit durations - where the chance of observing a full event is small. C1 [Pal, Andras; Bakos, Gaspar A.; Noyes, Robert W.; Torres, Guillermo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pal, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM apal@cfa.harvard.edu; gbakos@cfa.harvard.edu; rnoyes@cfa.harvard.edu; gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 428 EP 431 DI 10.1017/S1743921308026847 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500065 ER PT S AU Fernandez, JM Holman, MJ Winn, JN AF Fernandez, Jose M. Holman, Matthew J. Winn, Joshua N. BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI Optical Follow up Photometry of the Transiting Extrasolar Planet XO-2 SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union AB We present; three full z-band transit, light curves for the extrasolar planet XO-2 obtained with KeplerCam and the FLWO 1.2m telescope. The system parameters were determined fitting the data to transit models using a Maxkov Chain Monte Carlo simulation (MCMC). The main results presented in this poster are revised values for the parameters R(p)/R(s), a/R(s) and b. C1 [Fernandez, Jose M.; Holman, Matthew J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fernandez, JM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jfernand@cfa.harvard.edu; mholman@cfa.harvard.edu; jwinn@space.mit.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 443 EP 445 DI 10.1017/S1743921308026884 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500069 ER PT S AU Miller-Ricci, E Rowe, JF Sasselov, D Matthews, JM Kuschnig, R Croll, B Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, S Walker, GAH Weiss, WW AF Miller-Ricci, E. Rowe, J. F. Sasselov, D. Matthews, J. M. Kuschnig, R. Croll, B. Guenther, D. B. Moffat, A. F. J. Rucinski, S. Walker, G. A. H. Weiss, W. W. BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI MOST Spacebased Photometry of HD 189733: Precise Timing Measurements for Transits Across an Active Star SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union AB We have measured transit, times for HD 189733 passing in front of its bright. (V = 7.67) chromospherically active and spotted parent star. Nearly continuous broadband photometry of this system was obtained with the MOST (Microvariability & Oscillations of STars) space telesope during 21 days in August 2006, monitoring 10 consecutive transits. We have used these data, to search for deviations from a constant orbital period which can indicate the presence of additional planets in the system that are as yet undetected by Doppler searches. We find no variations above the level of +/- 45 s, ruling out planets in the Earth-to-Neptune mass range in a number of resonant orbits. We find that a number of complications can arise in measuring transit times for a planet transiting an active star with large star spots. However, such transiting systems are also useful in that they can help to constrain and test, spot models. This has implications for the large number of transiting systems expected to be discovered by the CoRoT and Kepler missions. C1 [Miller-Ricci, E.; Sasselov, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Miller-Ricci, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM emillerricci@cfa.harvard.edu; jasonfrowe@gmail.com; dsasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; matthews@asto.ubc.ca; croll@astro.utoronto.ca; dsasselov@cfa.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 459 EP 461 DI 10.1017/S1743921308026938 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500074 ER PT S AU Nutzman, P Charbonneau, D Winn, JN Knutson, HA Fortney, JJ Holman, MJ Agol, E AF Nutzman, Philip Charbonneau, David Winn, Joshua N. Knutson, Heather A. Fortney, Jonathan J. Holman, Matthew J. Agol, Eric BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI A Precise Estimate of the Radius of HD 149026b SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union ID PLANET; CORE; HOT AB We present Spitzer 8 mu m transit observations of the extrasolar planet system HD 149026b. At this wavelength, transit light curves are weakly affected by stellar limb-darkening, allowing for a simpler and more accurate determination of planetary parameters. We measure a planet-star radius ratio of R(p)/R(star) = 0.05158+/-0.00077, and in combination with ground-based data and independent constraints on the stellar mass and radius, we derive an orbital inclination of i = 85 degrees.4(-0 degrees.8)(+0 degrees.9) and a planet radius of 0.755+/-0.040 R(J). These measurements further support models in which the planet is greatly enriched in heavy elements. C1 [Nutzman, Philip; Charbonneau, David; Knutson, Heather A.; Holman, Matthew J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Nutzman, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pnutzman@cfa.harvard.edu; dcharbon@cfa.harvard.edu; jwinn@space.mit.edu; hknutson@cfa.harvard.edu; jonathan_fortney@yahoo.com; mholman@cfa.harvard.edu OI Fortney, Jonathan/0000-0002-9843-4354; /0000-0002-0802-9145; Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 466 EP 469 DI 10.1017/S1743921308026951 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500076 ER PT S AU Ballard, S Charbonneau, D A'Hearn, MF Deming, D Holman, MJ Christiansen, JL Weldrake, DTF Barry, RK Kuchner, MJ Livengood, TA Pedelty, J Schultz, A Hewagama, T Sunshine, JM Wellnitz, DD Hampton, DL Lisse, CM Seager, S Veverka, JF AF Ballard, Sarah Charbonneau, David A'Hearn, Michael F. Deming, Drake Holman, Matthew J. Christiansen, Jessie L. Weldrake, David T. F. Barry, Richard K. Kuchner, Marc J. Livengood, Timothy A. Pedelty, Jeffrey Schultz, Alfred Hewagama, Tilak Sunshine, Jessica M. Wellnitz, Dennis D. Hampton, Don L. Lisse, Carey M. Seager, Sara Veverka, Joseph F. BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI Preliminary Results on HAT-P-4, TrES-3, XO-2, and GJ 436 from the NASA EPOXI Mission SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union ID SPACE-BASED PHOTOMETRY; TRANSITS; PLANETS; HD-209458; LOOKING; SEARCH; SYSTEM; EARTHS AB EPOXI (EPOCh + DIXI) is a NASA Discovery Program Mission of Opportunity using the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft. The EPOCh (Extrasolar Planet Observation and Characterization) Science investigation will gather photometric time series of known transiting exo-planet systems from January through August 2008. Here we describe the steps in the photometric extraction of the time series and present preliminary results of the first four EPOCh targets. C1 [Ballard, Sarah; Charbonneau, David; Holman, Matthew J.; Christiansen, Jessie L.; Weldrake, David T. F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ballard, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sballard@cfa.harvard.edu; dcharbon@cfa.harvard.edu; leo.d.deming@nasa.gov; mholman@cfa.harvard.edu; jchristi@cfa.harvard.edu; dweldrak@cfa.harvard.edu; leo.d.deming@nasa.gov; seager@mit.edu RI Hewagama, T/C-8488-2012; Kuchner, Marc/E-2288-2012; Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016; OI Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526; Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 470 EP 473 DI 10.1017/S1743921308026963 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500077 ER PT S AU Torres, G Winn, JN Holman, MJ AF Torres, Guillermo Winn, Joshua N. Holman, Matthew J. BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI Toward a homogeneous set of transiting planet parameters SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; GIANT PLANETS; MASS STARS; METALLICITY; ISOCHRONES; STELLAR AB With 40 or more transiting exoplanets now known, the time is ripe to seek patterns and correlations among their observed properties, which may give important insights into planet formation, structure, and evolution. This task is made difficult by the widely different methodologies that have been applied to measure their properties in individual cases. Furthermore, in many systems our knowledge of the planet properties is limited by the knowledge of the properties of the parent stars. To address these difficulties we have undertaken the first comprehensive analysis of the data for 23 transiting planets using a uniform methodology. We revisit several of the recently proposed correlations, and find new ones involving the metallicity of the parent stars. C1 [Torres, Guillermo; Holman, Matthew J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Torres, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu; mholman@cfa.harvard.edu; jwinn@mit.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 482 EP 485 DI 10.1017/S1743921308026999 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500080 ER PT S AU Jordan, A Bakos, GA AF Jordan, Andres Bakos, Gaspir A. BE Pont, F Sasselov, D Holman, M TI Observability of the General Relativistic Precession of Periastra in Exoplanets SO TRANSITING PLANETS, PROCEEDINGS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 253th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Astron Union ID TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; MOTION AB The general relativistic precession rate of periastra in close-in exoplanets can be orders of magnitude larger than the magnitude of the same effect for Mercury. The realization that some of the close-in exoplanets have significant eccentricities raises the possibility that this precession might be detectable. We, explore here the observability of the periastra precession using radial velocity and transit light curve observations. Our analysis is independent of the source of precession, which call also have significant contributions due to additional planets and tidal deformations. We find that precession of the periastra of the magnitude expected from general relativity can be detectable in timescales of less than or similar to 10 years with current observational capabilities by measuring the change in the primary transit duration or in the time difference between primary and secondary transits. Radial velocity curves alone would be able to detect this precession for super-massive, close-in exoplanets orbiting inactive stars if they have similar to 100 datapoints. at each of two epochs separated by similar to 20 years. The contribution to the precession by tidal deformations may dominate the total precession in cases where the relativistic precession is detectable. Studies of transit durations with Kepler might need to take into account effects arising from the general relativistic and tidal induced precession of periastra for systems containing close-in, eccentric exoplanets. Such studies may be able to detect additional planets with masses comparable to that of Earth by detecting secular variations in the transit duration induced by the changing longitude of periastron. C1 [Jordan, Andres; Bakos, Gaspir A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jordan, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ajordan@cfa.harvard.edu; gbakos@cfa.harvard.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88984-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 253 BP 492 EP 495 DI 10.1017/S1743921308027026 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJD37 UT WOS:000264979500083 ER PT J AU Butler, RA Laurance, WF AF Butler, Rhett A. Laurance, William F. TI Is oil palm the next emerging threat to the Amazon? SO TROPICAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Amazon; biodiesel; biofuel; Brazil; deforestation; logging; Malaysia; oil palm plantations AB The Amazon Basin appears poised to experience rapid expansion of oil palm agriculture. Nearly half of Amazonia is suitable for oil palm cultivation, and Malaysian corporations are now moving into the region to establish new plantations while the Brazilian government is considering a law that would count oil palm as "forest" towards a landowner's forest reserve requirement. Strong economic incentives for a major Amazonian oil palm industry are likely, given growing global demands for edible oils, oil-based products, and biofuel feedstocks. We have two main concerns. First, oil palm plantations are ecologically depauperate, supporting little forest-dependent wildlife. Second, we disbelieve political and corporate statements suggesting that oil palm plantations will be concentrated on previously deforested lands in Amazonia. In reality, oil palm producers strongly favor clearing primary forest for plantations because they can reap immediate profits from timber production. These profits subsidize the costs of plantation establishment and maintenance for the initial 3-5 years until the oil palm plantations become profitable. Hence, oil palm agriculture could soon emerge as a major new threat to the Amazonian environment. C1 [Butler, Rhett A.] Mongabay Com, Menlo Pk, CA 94026 USA. [Laurance, William F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Butler, RA (reprint author), Mongabay Com, POB 0291, Menlo Pk, CA 94026 USA. EM laurancew@si.edu NR 49 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 50 PU TROPICAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE PI MENIO PARK PA PO BOX 0291, MENIO PARK, CA 94026-0291 USA SN 1940-0829 J9 TROP CONSERV SCI JI Trop. Conserv. Sci. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V21XY UT WOS:000208241500002 ER PT J AU Brito, D Oprea, M AF Brito, Daniel Oprea, Monik TI Mismatch of research effort and threat in avian conservation biology SO TROPICAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE attention index; biogeographic realms; priorities AB Avian declines and extinctions are a worldwide concern. Conservation priorities for birds should target threatened taxa (taxonomic targets) and regions with high levels of species richness and endemism (geographical targets). Does published research on bird conservation reflect the global taxonomic and geographic priorities? We surveyed six years (2000-2005) of six international conservation journals, and analyzed all articles on birds. Attention indexes were calculated for orders, threatened species, and biogeographic realms. We also examined how well research from tropical nations (with high levels of richness and endemism) are represented in the international literature. Results show that Struthioniformes is the order that has the highest attention (0.54), mostly because this order has relatively few species, and the lowest attention was recorded for Coliiformes (0.00). For some orders (Anseriformes, Apodiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Coraciiformes, Cuculiformes, Gaviiformes, Pelecaniformes, Phoenicopteriformes, Podicipediformes, Struthioniformes, Tinamiformes and Trogoniformes), most of the published research focuses on non-threatened species. The Nearctic and Palearctic are the biogeographic realms that receive most attention by avian conservationists. However, the Neotropical, Afrotropical, and Indomalayan are the regions with higher species diversity. Eighty-four countries contributed articles, but the majority of bird conservation research is conducted by North American and western European researchers. There is urgent need for capacity building in tropical developing nations. Birds are seriously threatened and are rapidly declining worldwide. However, bird conservation is still misplacing its focus in lower-biodiversity regions and for some orders focusing in non-threatened species. If such trends are not changed, the consequences for the persistence of birds worldwide may be dire. C1 [Brito, Daniel] Univ Fed Goias, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Brito, Daniel] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Programa Posgrad Ecol & Conservacao Biodiversidad, BR-45662000 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [Oprea, Monik] Univ Fed Goias, Inst Ciencias Biol, Programa Posgrad Ecol & Evolucao, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. [Oprea, Monik] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Brito, D (reprint author), Univ Fed Goias, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol, Caixa Postal 131, BR-74001970 Goiania, Go, Brazil. EM brito.dan@gmail.com RI Brito, Daniel/A-4014-2008 OI Brito, Daniel/0000-0003-1131-4622 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU TROPICAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE PI MENIO PARK PA PO BOX 0291, MENIO PARK, CA 94026-0291 USA SN 1940-0829 J9 TROP CONSERV SCI JI Trop. Conserv. Sci. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 353 EP 362 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V21YA UT WOS:000208241700006 ER PT B AU Alcock, C AF Alcock, Charles BE Stanek, KZ TI Bohdan Paczynski, Cosmic Dark Matter, and Gravitational Microlensing SO VARIABLE UNIVERSE: A CELEBRATION OF BOHDAN PACZYNSKI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Variable Universe - A Celebration of Bohdan Paczynski CY SEP 29-30, 2007 CL Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ HO Princeton Univ ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; GALACTIC HALO; MILKY-WAY; ROTATION CURVE; MACHO PROJECT; MASS; SUPERNOVAE; GALAXY; LIMITS; STAR AB Bohdan Paczynski set in motion a dramatic series of investigations with his deceptively simple paper (Paczynski 1986) on gravitational microlensing and dark matter in the halo of the Milky Way. Several major survey projects were direct consequences of this seminal paper, in particular MACHO, EROS, and OGLE. These surveys led to the discovery of gravitational microlensing and to the first useful limits on any proposed candidate for the elusive dark matter. The surveys were the first massive photometric surveys in our field and have revolutionized temporal studies of astronomical objects, ranging from variable stars to quasars and AGNs. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Alcock, C (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-682-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 403 BP 71 EP 85 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJC81 UT WOS:000264849400006 ER PT J AU Wellehan, JFX Childress, AL Marschang, RE Johnson, AJ Lamirande, EW Roberts, JF Vickers, ML Gaskin, JM Jacobson, ER AF Wellehan, James F. X., Jr. Childress, April L. Marschang, Rachel E. Johnson, April J. Lamirande, Elaine W. Roberts, John F. Vickers, Mary L. Gaskin, Jack M. Jacobson, Elliott R. TI Consensus nested PCR amplification and sequencing of diverse reptilian, avian, and mammalian orthoreoviruses SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reovirus; Orthoreovirus; Reptiles; Birds; Reptilian orthoreovirus; Nelson Bay virus; Consensus PCR; Polymerase ID REOVIRUS INFECTIONS; PRIMER PCR; ORIGIN; VIRUS; AQUAREOVIRUS; EVOLUTION; ALIGNMENT; PSITTACIFORMES; HYBRIDIZATION; MORTALITY AB The orthoreoviruses are segmented RNA viruses that infect diverse vertebrate host species. While the most common human orthoreovirus, Mammalian Reovirus, is not typically associated with significant disease, the majority of Orthoreovirus species have been shown to cause significant and often fatal disease in reptiles, birds. and primates. There is significant potential for jumping species. A consensus nested-PCR method was designed for investigation of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene of Orthoreovirus and Aquareovirus. This protocol was used to obtain sequencing template from reoviruses of three different vertebrate classes. Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis found that all viruses analyzed clustered in the genus Orthoreovirus. that reptile reoviruses formed three distinct clusters, and that an African grey parrot reovirus Clustered with Nelson Bay virus from bats. This PCR method may be useful for obtaining templates for initial sequencing of novel orthoreoviruses front diverse vertebrate hosts. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wellehan, James F. X., Jr.; Childress, April L.; Johnson, April J.; Jacobson, Elliott R.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Zool Med Serv, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Roberts, John F.; Gaskin, Jack M.] Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Marschang, Rachel E.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Umwelt & Tierhyg, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. [Lamirande, Elaine W.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Vickers, Mary L.] Univ Kentucky, Livestock Dis Diagnost Ctr, Lexington, KY 40512 USA. RP Wellehan, JFX (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Zool Med Serv, POB 100126, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM wellehanj@vetmed.ufl.edu RI Wellehan, James/B-2021-2008; OI Marschang, Rachel/0000-0002-0578-8963; Wellehan, Jim/0000-0001-5692-6134 NR 48 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 133 IS 1-2 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.011 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 382QE UT WOS:000261619700004 PM 18656318 ER PT J AU Garner, MM Helmick, K Ochsenreiter, J Richman, LK Latimer, E Wise, AG Maes, RK Kiupel, M Nordhausen, RW Zong, JC Hayward, GS AF Garner, M. M. Helmick, K. Ochsenreiter, J. Richman, L. K. Latimer, E. Wise, A. G. Maes, R. K. Kiupel, M. Nordhausen, R. W. Zong, J. C. Hayward, G. S. TI Clinico-pathologic Features of Fatal Disease Attributed to New Variants of Endotheliotropic Herpesviruses in Two Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; elephants; endotheliotropic herpesviruses; herpesvirus; histopathology; polymerase chain reaction ID NEWLY RECOGNIZED DISEASE; HERPES-VIRUS AB The first herpesviruses described in association With Serious elephant disease were referred to as endotheliotropic herpesviruses (EEHV) because of their ability to infect capillary endothelial cells and cause potentially fatal disease. Two related viruses, EEHV1 and EEHV2. have been described based on genetic composition. This report describes the similarities and differences in clinicopathologic features of 2 cases or fatal endotheliotropic herpesvirus infections in Asian elephants caused by a previously Unrecognized virus Within the betaherpesvirus subfamily. EEHV3 is markedly divergent front the 2 previously Studied fatal probosciviruses, based on polymerase chain reaction sequence analysis of 2 segments of the viral genome. In addition to ascites, widespread visceral edema, petechiae, and capillary damage previously reported. important findings with EEHV3 infection were the presence of grossly visible renal medullary hemorrhage, a tropism for larger veins and arteries in various tissues, relatively high density of renal herpetic inclusions. and involvement of the retinal vessels. These findings indicate a less Selective Organ tropism. and this may confer a higher degree of virulence for EEHV3. C1 [Garner, M. M.] Northwest ZooPath, Monroe, WA 98296 USA. [Helmick, K.; Ochsenreiter, J.] Woodland Pk Zoo, Dept Anim Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. [Richman, L. K.; Latimer, E.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. [Wise, A. G.; Maes, R. K.; Kiupel, M.] Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. [Zong, J. C.; Hayward, G. S.] Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Nordhausen, R. W.] Calif Anim Heath & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA USA. RP Garner, MM (reprint author), Northwest ZooPath, 654 W Main, Monroe, WA 98296 USA. EM zoopath@aol.com FU NIH MAID [R01 AI24576]; Woodland Park Zoo; Northwest ZooPath FX The authors thank the following contributors to this study: the keepers, curators, and healthcare staff of the Woodland Park Zoo and Dr. Mitch Finnegan of The Oregon Zoo for ass I stance with the necropsy; Dr. Julia Hillard, Jason Martin (Georgia State University), Dr. Noha Abou-Madi, Mary Beth Matychak, and Dr Julia Falminio (Cornell University) for their attempts to culture these viruses: Dr. Scott Terrell for assistance with SSP data retrieval: Dr. Jim Wellehan for review of the manuscript, Histology Consulting Service, Everson, WA, for slide preparation; and Jamie Kinion and Christie Buie, Northwest ZooPath, for pathology data retrieval and photo layout, respectively. Studies at the National Zoological Park were supported by funding from Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Center For Elephant Conservation and the National Zoo. Laboratory Studies at Johns Hopkins University were supported by NIH MAID Research Grant R01 AI24576 to G.S.H. Additional funding was provided from the Woodland Park Zoo and Northwest ZooPath. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 EI 1544-2217 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 392UD UT WOS:000262326800016 PM 19112123 ER PT S AU Falco, EE AF Falco, Emilio E. BE Magris, G Bruzual, G Carigi, L TI COSMOLOGY WITH GRAVITATIONAL LENSES SO XII IAU REGIONAL LATIN AMERICAN MEETING SE REVISTA MEXICANA DE ASTRONOMIA Y ASTROFISICA, SERIE DE CONFERENCIAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IAU Regional Latin American Meeting of Astronomy CY OCT 22-26, 2007 CL Isla Margarita, VENEZUELA SP IAU DE cosmology; gravitational lensing; observations ID QUASAR; DISCOVERY; GALAXIES AB Gravitational lenses yield a very high rate of return on observational investment. Given their scarcity, their impact on our knowledge of the universe is very significant. In the weak-field limit, lensing studies are based on well-established physics and thus offer a straightforward approach to pursue many currently pressing problems of astrophysics. Examples of these are the significance of dark matter and the density, age and size of the universe. I present recent developments in cosmological applications of gravitational lenses, regarding estimates of the Hubble constant using strong lensing of quasars. I describe our recent measurements of time delays for the images of SDSS J1004+4112, and discuss prospects for the future utilizing synoptic telescopes, planned and under construction. C1 Smithsonian Inst, FL Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. RP Falco, EE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, FL Whipple Observ, POB 6369, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. EM falco@cfa.harvard.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA MEXICO INSTITUTO ASTRONOMIA PI MEXICO CITY PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-264, MEXICO CITY 04510, MEXICO SN 1405-2059 BN 978-970-32-5298-5 J9 REV MEX AST ASTR PY 2009 VL 35 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BMA08 UT WOS:000271630600070 ER PT S AU Vrinceanu, D Sadeghpour, HR Pohl, T AF Vrinceanu, D. Sadeghpour, H. R. Pohl, T. BE Orel, AE Starace, AF Nikolic, D Berrah, N Gorczyca, TW Kamber, EY Tanis, JA TI Rydberg atom formation in ultracold plasmas: non-equilibrium dynamics of recombination SO XXVI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 22-28, 2009 CL Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI SP CRYOGENIC Ltd, IOP, Kalamazoo Cty Convent & Visitors Bur, Natl Electrostat Corp, PhysMath Cent, RoentDek Handels GmbH, Taylor & Francis Grp, WIENER Corp, WMU, Dept Phys, WMU, Coll Arts & Sci, WMU, Off Vice President Res, WMU, Grad Coll, WMU, Diether H Haenicke Inst Global Educ HO Western Michigan Univ ID NEUTRAL PLASMA; IONIZATION; EXCITATION AB Rydberg atom formation is a source of heating in plasmas. The rate of three-body recombination in an ultracold neutral plasma was measured and electron temperature was derived from it using standard equilibrium recombination rates. With large-scale Monte Carlo and particle-in-cell simulations, we have calculated ab initio the rate of excitation, de-excitation, ionization (and recombination) in electron-Rydberg atom collision and investigated the short-time dynamics of three-body recombination in an ultracold neutral plasma. Comparison with observed rates is quite good. Particular attention is paid to the low-frequency microfield effect on Rydberg state cut-off in the plasma. C1 [Vrinceanu, D.] Texas So Univ, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Vrinceanu, D.] ITAMP, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sadeghpour, H. R.] Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Dresden, Germany. RP Vrinceanu, D (reprint author), Texas So Univ, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM vrinceanud@tsu.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 194 AR UNSP 012067 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/194/1/012067 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BQW80 UT WOS:000282024600067 ER PT J AU Freeman, EW Guagnano, G Olson, D Keele, M Brown, JL AF Freeman, Elizabeth W. Guagnano, Greg Olson, Deborah Keele, Mike Brown, Janine L. TI Social Factors Influence Ovarian Acyclicity in Captive African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African elephant; Loxodonta africana; ovarian acyclicity ID RHINOCEROS DICEROS-BICORNIS; REPRODUCTIVE CYCLICITY; BREEDING SUCCESS; US ZOOS; BEHAVIOR; POPULATION; ENDOCRINOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; MAXIMUS; WOMEN AB Nearly one-third of reproductive age African elephants in North America that are hormonally monitored fail to exhibit estrous cycle activity. which exacerbates the nonsustainability of the captive population. Three surveys were distributed to facilities housing female African elephants to determine how social and environmental variables contribute to cyclicity problems. Forty-six facilities returned all three Surveys providing information on 90% of the SSP population and 106 elephants (64 cycling, 27 noncycling and 15 undetermined). Logistic analyses found that some physiological and social history variables were related to ovarian acyclicity. Females more likely to be acyclic had a larger body mass index and had resided longer at a facility with the same herdmates. Results suggest that controlling the weight of an elephant might be a first step to helping mitigate estrous Cycle problems. Data further show that transferring females among facilities has no major impact on Ovarian activity. Last, social Status appears to impact cyclicity status; at 19 of 21 facilities that housed both cycling and noncycling elephants, the dominant female was acyclic. Further Studies oil how social and environmental dynamics affect hormone levels in free-living, cycling elephants are needed to determine whether acyclicity is strictly a captivity-related phenomenon. Zoo Biol 28:1-15, 2009. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Freeman, Elizabeth W.; Brown, Janine L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Freeman, Elizabeth W.; Guagnano, Greg] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Keele, Mike] Oregon Zoo, Portland, OR USA. [Olson, Deborah] Indianapolis Zoo, Dept Conservat & Sci, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Freeman, EW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM freemane@si.edu NR 59 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1002/zoo.20187 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 416YM UT WOS:000264041400001 PM 19358314 ER PT J AU Frank, JH Erwin, TL Hemenway, RC AF Frank, J. Howard Erwin, Terry L. Hemenway, Robert C. TI Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Brachininae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Larvae; phylogenetic notes; diel behavior; mites; nematodes; Laboulbeniales; food; fecundity; fertility; prey specificity; Gryllotalpidae; biocontrol; Wolbachia ID SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; REPRODUCTION; WOLBACHIA; SURVIVAL; FOOD AB Adults of Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Brachininae, Brachinini), are largely nocturnal predators and scavengers on animal and plant materials. The daily food consumption of a pair of adults is the equivalent to 1.2-2.3 large larvae of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Larvae developed under laboratory conditions on a diet restricted to mole cricket eggs (Orthoptera, Gryllotalpidae); none survived under any other diet offered, thus they are specialists. Large numbers of brachinine eggs were laid in the laboratory, even on a paper towel substrate, and in all months of the year albeit with a strong suggestion of an annual peak in oviposition. Many eggs failed to hatch, but those that did so incubated an average 13.5 days. Many neonate larvae failed to feed and died. On average, the larvae that developed took 25.9 days to do so on an average 38.4 mole cricket eggs. The pupal period averaged 20.4 days, so the total developmental period was 59.9 days from oviposition to emergence of adult offspring at 26 degrees C. After initial trials, an improved method of handling adults and rearing immature stages was developed, resulting in initiation of feeding by most neonate larvae and control of contaminating organisms (nematodes, mites, and Laboulbeniales). Most neonate larvae need to be in a cell or pit of sand (or earth) resembling a mole cricket egg chamber before they will feed on mole cricket eggs. The cause of infertility of many eggs was not resolved because it continued under the improved handling method for adults which permitted weekly mating; the presence of Wolbachia spp. (Bacteria: Rickettsiae) in the laboratory culture may be implicated. Sex ratios of emergent adults were not substantially different from 1:1. Larvae of the Asian bombardier beetle Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz) had been claimed in the literature to feed only on Gryllotalpa mole cricket eggs. We found they will feed on Neocurtilla and Scapteriscus mole cricket eggs in the laboratory. The behavior of S. jessoensis as adult and larva is very similar to that of P aequinoctialis except that adults are mainly diurnal. Many of its eggs likewise are infertile. Many of its neonate larvae likewise were reluctant to feed. It, too, may have an annual peak in oviposition which alters under ambient laboratory conditions. Sex ratios of emergent adults were not substantially different from 1:1. The structure of immature stages (eggs, larvae, and pupae) of P. aequinoctialis is contrasted with those of S. jessoensis and, in part, Brachinus pallidus. Proof of restriction of the larval diet of P aequinoctialis still is inadequate. Three Scapteriscus spp. are adventive pests in Florida, but N. hexadactyla (Perry) is a non-pest native species. This beetle might be used as a biological control agent in Florida if its larvae can be shown to cause great harm to Scapteriscus yet little or none to Neocurtilla mole crickets or other non-target organisms. It is conceivable this could be the case because of maternal care of eggs by Neocurtilla but not by Scapteriscus. However, the supporting research has not been done, mainly because of lack of a robust method for rearing Neocurtilla, under which maternal care and the fate of the eggs may easily be observed. C1 [Frank, J. Howard; Hemenway, Robert C.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Erwin, Terry L.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Frank, JH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM JHF@ifas.ufl.edu FU University of Florida FX Most of the work described here was supported by funds earmarked by the Florida Legislature for mole cricket research at the University of Florida in 1978-1991 (the UF/ IFAS Mole Cricket Research Program). Earmarking was withdrawn (but the program was not de-authorized) after three biological control agents had been released and established in Florida, but before research on them, let alone P aequinoctialis, which has not been released, was complete. Thomas J. Walker (Entomology and Nematology Dept., Univ Florida), supplied Gryllus sp. eggs. Fred Adams, USDA-CMAVE laboratory (Gainesville, FL) supplied T ni eggs and larvae. A. Jeyaprakash (Entomology & Nematology Dept., Univ. Florida) investigated and confirmed the presence of Wolbacbia in P aequinoctialis adults. Harold A. Denmark (Florida Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, now retired) identified to generic level a paramegistid mite from P aequinoctialis. Aquiles Silveira-Guido (Montevideo) was contracted to supply specimens and information. Karl Zinner (Sao Paulo) exchanged specimens of P aequinoctialis for specimens of S. jessoensis. Herein is the background to a species of Rhabditis described as new by Smart and Nguyen (1994). Young Sohn provided the illustrations of the immature stages and Karolyn Darrow assembled the illustration plates; both individuals are members of the Department of Entomology at the Smithsonian Institution. Paul E. Skelley (Florida State Collection of Arthropods) provided the scanning electron micrographs of the eggs. We thank Robert McSorley and Frank Slansky, Jr. (Entomology & Nematology Dept., Univ Florida) for manuscript reviews. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 14 BP 1 EP 36 DI 10.3897/zookeys.14.188 PG 36 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 478AU UT WOS:000268560900001 ER PT J AU Lingafelter, SW Micheli, CJ AF Lingafelter, Steven W. Micheli, Charyn J. TI The genus Leptostylopsis of Hispaniola (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Acanthocinini) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Dominican Republic; Haiti; longhorned woodboring beetles; taxonomy; endemic species ID AUDINET-SERVILLE; BEETLES AB The generic differences and similarities between Leptostylus LcConte and Leptostylopsis Dillon (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Acanthocinini) are discussed. Leptostylopsis is redescribed and the following species are transferred from Leptostylus to Leptostylopsis: Leptostylopsis annulipes (Fisher 1942), comb.n.; Leptostylopsis poeyi (Fisher 1925), comb.n.; and Leptostylopsis viridicomus (Fisher 1942), comb.n. Leptostylopsis hispaniolae (Fisher 1942) is a syn.n. of Leptostylopsis annulipes (Fisher 1942). Seven new species of Leptostylopsis from Hispaniola are diagnosed, described, and illustrated: L. basifulvus Lingafelter and Micheli, sp.n.; L. caliginosus Lingafelter and Micheli, sp.n.; L. chlorescens Lingafelter and Micheli, sp.n.; L. humerofulvus Lingafelter and Micheli, sp.n.; L. perfasciatus Lingafelter and Micheli, sp.n. Redescriptions and distributional data are provided for the six previously described species known from Hispaniola, and a dichotomous key to all thirteen species of Leptostylopsis from Hispaniola is provided. C1 [Lingafelter, Steven W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Micheli, Charyn J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM steve.lingafelter@ars.usda.gov; cjmicheli@gmail.com NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 17 BP 1 EP 55 DI 10.3897/zookeys.17.217 PG 55 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 486YR UT WOS:000269237500001 ER PT J AU Penev, L Sharkey, M Erwin, T van Noort, S Buffington, M Seltmann, K Johnson, N Taylor, M Thompson, FC Dallwitz, MJ AF Penev, Lyubomir Sharkey, Michael Erwin, Terry van Noort, Simon Buffington, Matthew Seltmann, Katja Johnson, Norman Taylor, Matt Thompson, F. Christian Dallwitz, Michael J. TI Data publication and dissemination of interactive keys under the open access model ZooKeys working example SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article ID TAXONOMY; GENERA; PAPER; WEB AB The concepts of publication, citation and dissemination of interactive keys and other online keys are discussed and illustrated by a sample paper published in the present issue (doi: 10.3897/zookeys.21.271). The present model is based on previous experience with several existing examples of publishing online keys. However, this model also suggests ways to publish, cite, preserve, disseminate and reuse the original data files to the benefit of future workers, the authors, and society in general. To be regarded as a "formal scientific publication," an online key should satisfy the same criteria of peer review, registration, persistence, bibliographic description, etc., as with conventional publications. Keys can be published as either "static" or "dynamic" publications. We define a "static" publication as a discrete unit of information preserved in a persistent and unchangeable way on the publishers Web site and/or on paper and consequently in conventional/electronic libraries and archives. This contrasts with the nature of the Internet, which allows and tends to encourage updating and improvement on a continuing basis. We call "dynamic" a publication of an interactive key on a Web site where its contents can be continuously updated. "Dynamic" publications meet some of the criteria of a "formal scientific publication" (identification, citation and location), while they lack other important features of it (persistence, archiving, indexing, science metric and citation metric services). Dynamic Web-based interactive keys may benefit from publishing the first version of their underlying datasets in a form of "formal scientific publication". We define here the minimum set of data files to be published for several different platforms (Intkey, Lucid2, Lucid3, MX) to ensure both (1) priority, identification, location and citation of the first published work and (2) future use and re-use of the keys. C1 [Penev, Lyubomir] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Gen Ecol, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Penev, Lyubomir] Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Sharkey, Michael] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Erwin, Terry; Thompson, F. Christian] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [van Noort, Simon] S African Museum, Iziko Museums Cape Town, Nat Hist Div, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa. [Buffington, Matthew] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Seltmann, Katja] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Johnson, Norman] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Taylor, Matt] Univ Queensland, Ctr Biol Informat Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Penev, L (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Gen Ecol, Sofia, Bulgaria. EM info@pensoft.net RI van Noort, Simon/C-4006-2017 OI van Noort, Simon/0000-0001-6930-9741 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 21 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.3897/zookeys.21.274 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 518RT UT WOS:000271711500001 ER PT J AU Penev, L Erwin, T Miller, J Chavan, V Moritz, T Griswold, C AF Penev, Lyubomir Erwin, Terry Miller, Jeremy Chavan, Vishwas Moritz, Tom Griswold, Charles TI Publication and dissemination of datasets in taxonomy: ZooKeys working example SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Data publication; semantic enhancements; taxonomy ID SYSTEMATICS AB A concept for data publication and semantic enhancements proposed by ZooKeys and applied in the milestone paper by Miller et al. (2009) is described. For the first time in systematic zoology, a unique combination of data publication and semantic enhancements is applied within the mainstream process of journal publishing, to demonstrate how: (1) All primary biodiversity data underlying a taxonomic monograph are published as a dataset under a separate DOI within a paper; (2) The occurrence dataset is separately discoverable and accessible through GBIF data portal (data.gbif.org) simultaneously with the publication; (3) The occurrence dataset is published as a KML (Keyhole Markup Language) file under a distinct DOI to provide an interactive experience in Google Earth; (4) All new taxa (42) are registered at ZooBank during the publication process (mandatory for ZooKeys); (5) All new taxa (42) are provided to Encyclopedia of Life through XML mark up on the day of publication (mandatory for ZooKeys). It is proposed to clearly distinguish between static and dynamic datasets in the way they are published, preserved and cited. C1 [Penev, Lyubomir] Bulgarian Acad Sci & Pensoft Publishers, Cent Lab Gen Ecol, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Erwin, Terry] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Miller, Jeremy; Griswold, Charles] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Entomol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Miller, Jeremy] Natl Nat Hist Museum Nat, Dept Terr Zool, Leiden, Netherlands. [Chavan, Vishwas] Global Biodivers Informat Facil, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Moritz, Tom] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Lib Serv, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Penev, L (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci & Pensoft Publishers, Cent Lab Gen Ecol, Sofia, Bulgaria. EM info@pensoft.net; miller@naturalis.nl; vchavan@gbif.org OI Miller, Jeremy/0000-0001-8918-9775 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 11 SI SI BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.3897/zookeys.11.210 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 454PL UT WOS:000266694500001 ER PT J AU Kawahara, AY Nishida, K Davis, DR AF Kawahara, Akito Y. Nishida, Kenji Davis, Donald R. TI Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Drimys; Encyrtidae; Eulophidae; Gaiadendron; Neotropical; Phyllocnistis; pupal morphology; serpentine leaf miner; taxonomy; Tropaeolum AB Three new species of Phyllocnistis Zeller are described from the central highlands of Costa Rica: Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., P. maxberryi sp. n., and P tropaeolicola sp. n. Larvae of all three are serpentine leaf miners. Phyllocnistis drimiphaga feeds on Drimys granadensis (Winteraceae), P maxberryi on Gaiadendron punctatum (Loranthaceae), and P tropaeolicola on Tropaeolum emarginatum (Tropaeolaceae). All specimens were collected as larvae or pupae in their mines and reared in captivity. Parasitoid wasps were reared from P drimiphaga and P maxberryi. Description of the adults, pupae, and life histories are supplemented with photographs, illustrations, and scanning electron micrographs. C1 [Kawahara, Akito Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nishida, Kenji] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica. [Davis, Donald R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, NHB 105, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kawahara, AY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, 4112 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kawahara@umd.edu FU ALAS IV; National Science Foundation [DEB-0072702]; Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS); Mary Sangrey, Head of Academic Services, Smithsonian Institution FX We thank David L. Wagner, University of Connecticut, Storrs, who provided valuable comments on Phyllocnistis. Conrad C. Labandeira, Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, contributed to the date of the oldest phyllocnistine fossil mine. We are indebted to Jurate De Prins, Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren, Jae-Cheon Sohn, University of Maryland, and an anonymous reviewer for comments on the manuscript. Scott Whittaker, SEM Laboratory Manager, Laboratories of Analytical Biology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. assisted with SEM photography. Miriam Erandi Reyna-Fabian, Universidad National Autonoma de Mexico, assisted with the preparation of SEM figures. Vichai Malikul and Young Sohn, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, and Diana Marques prepared line drawings. Patricia Gentili-Poole assisted in preparing several plates and photographing the adults. Oscar Abarca Hotel-Restaurante La Georgina provided climate conditions of Villa Mills region. Luis Guillermo Chaverri, INBio, identified the mycetophilid larva and Christer Hansson, Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Lund University, identified the eulophid parasitoid wasp. Research at the Vara Blanca transect was supported by the ALAS IV project to AYK, KN and DRD (supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0072702 and co-principal investigator John Longino). We thank Javier Guevara, Sistema Nacional de Areas de Conservacion de Costa Rica (SINAC) for providing permits. Additional laboratory and field research was funded by three grants to AYK: the Exploration Fund Grant from the Explorer's Club New York, the Christiane and Christopher Tyson Fellowship from the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS), and a Smithsonian Institution Fellowship provided by Mary Sangrey, Head of Academic Services, Smithsonian Institution. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 27 BP 7 EP 30 DI 10.3897/zookeys.27.250 PG 24 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 536UM UT WOS:000273069300002 ER PT J AU Rota, J Brown, JW AF Rota, Jadranka Brown, John W. TI A new genus and species of Grapholitini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Florida, USA SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Dichrorampha-group; fruit-borer; genitalia; morphology; Lauraceae; Persea; Riculorampha antyloides; wing venation AB Riculorampha ancyloides Rota & Brown, gen. n., sp. n. from Florida, is described and illustrated. The type series was reared from the fruit of redbay, Persea borbonia (Lauraceae). The new genus is assigned provisionally to the Dichrorampha-group of genera (Grapholitini) on the basis of the following characters: forewing termen with a row of black dots, forewing fringe with a shallow subapical notch, hindwing veins R, and M, separate and parallel or subparallel, female frenulum with two bristles, and corpus bursae with a single signum. The last character is shared with Dichrorampha Guenee, Ricula Heinrich, Riculoides Pastrana, and Goditha Heinrich. C1 [Rota, Jadranka] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Brown, John W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. RP Rota, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NHB 169, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM rotaj@si.edu RI Rota, Jadranka/C-6702-2011 OI Rota, Jadranka/0000-0003-0220-3920 FU Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship FX We thank Jorge Pena, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Services, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, Florida, and John Heppner, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, Florida, for providing the material used in this study. We thank the following for helpful reviews of the manuscript: Robert Kula and Thomas Henry, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.; John Heppner, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida; and two anonymous reviewers. JR was funded by a Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship during this work. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 23 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.3897/zookeys.23.213 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 512VW UT WOS:000271280600002 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Dellape, PM AF Henry, Thomas J. Matias Dellape, Pablo TI A new genus and species of Oxycarenidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Lygaeoidea) from Argentina SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE New World; lygaeoid; oxycarenid; Notocoderus gen. n.; argentinus sp n.; distribution; Dycoderus; relationships AB The new genus Notocoderus and the new species N. argentinus are described from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, based on two specimens taken in pitfall traps. Dorsal and lateral digital images of this new sub-brachypterous oxycarenid and Dycoderus picturatus Uhler, known only from Arizona and Colorado in the United States, are provided and their relationships with each other and other oxycarenids are discussed. A lectotype for D. picturatus is designated. C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Matias Dellape, Pablo] Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, Div Entomol, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov; pdellape@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar OI Dellape, Pablo M./0000-0002-6914-1026 FU CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina) FX Partial support (to PMD) for this work was provided by CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina). We thank David A. Nickle (Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL], ARS, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA), Michael G. Pogue (SEL), and Luis Cervantes Peredo (Instituto de Ecologia, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico) for kindly reviewing the manuscript and offering suggestions for its improvement. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 25 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.3897/zookeys.25.244 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 536UL UT WOS:000273069200004 ER PT J AU Torres-Carvajal, O de Queiroz, K Etheridge, R AF Torres-Carvajal, Omar de Queiroz, Kevin Etheridge, Richard TI A new species of iguanid lizard (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from southern Ecuador with a key to eastern Ecuadorian Enyalioides SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Ecuador; Enyalioides; Hoplocercinae; Iguania; lizard; new species ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AB We describe a new species of Enyalioides from mid-elevation rainforests in southeastern Ecuador. This represents the fifth species of Enyalioides known to occur east of the Andes in South America; the other four species are E. cofanorum, E. laticeps, E. microlepis and E. praestabilis. Among other characters, the new species can be distinguished from other Enyalioides by having distinct caudal whorls, fewer than 32 longitudinal rows of dorsals at midbody, and bright orange to red gular scales bordered with black in adult males. Morphological similarity suggests that the new species, which we call E rubrigularis, is closely related to E. praestabilis. C1 [Torres-Carvajal, Omar] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Biol, Quito, Ecuador. [Torres-Carvajal, Omar; de Queiroz, Kevin] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Etheridge, Richard] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Torres-Carvajal, O (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Biol, Ave 12 Octubre & Roca,Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador. EM omartorcar@gmail.com FU The Systematics Association; Smithsonian Institution; Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia del Ecuador [PIC-08-0000470] FX For the loan of museurn specimens we thank A. Almenariz (EPN), L. A. Coloma (QCAZ), K. de Queiroz (USNM), D. Frost and D. Mzirian (AMNH), J. Hanken and J. Rosado (MCZ), L. Trueb (KU), J. Valencia (FHGO), and J. Vindurn (CAS-SUR). This research was funded by The Systematics Association's Systematics Research Fund (OTC), Smithsonian Institution's Restricted Endowment Funds (KdQ, OTC), and Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia del Ecuador (PIC-08-0000470, OTC). Specimens were collected under collection permits No. 020-07 IC-FAU-DNBAPVS/MA, 026-IC-FAU-DBAPVS-DRLZCH-MA, and 008-09 IC-FAU-DNB/MA issued by Ministerio del Ambiente. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 27 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.3897/zookeys.27.273 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 536UM UT WOS:000273069300006 ER PT J AU Chamorro-Lacayo, ML Konstantinov, AS AF Chamorro-Lacayo, M. Lourdes Konstantinov, Alexander S. TI Synopsis of warty leaf beetle genera of the World (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae, Chlamisini) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Chrysomelidae; Chlamisini; Cryptocephalinae; leaf beetles; key; genera; world; new name ID NEOCHLAMISUS KARREN AB The 11 world genera of Chlamisini Gressitt are reviewed, diagnosed, and illustrated. A key for their identification is provided. A replacement name is proposed, Kakita Chamorro-Lacayo & Konstantinov, nom. n., for Ceratochlamys Bokermann, 1961, a junior homonym of Ceratochlamys Habe, 1946 (Mollusca). Chlamisus rousei Medvedev, 1993 is designated as a junior synonym of Chlamisus straminea Suffrian, 1866, syn. n. C1 [Chamorro-Lacayo, M. Lourdes] Smithsonian Univ, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Konstantinov, Alexander S.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Chamorro-Lacayo, ML (reprint author), Smithsonian Univ, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM chamorrom@si.edu; alex.konstantinov@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 8 BP 63 EP 88 DI 10.3897/zookeys.8.90 PG 26 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 452DV UT WOS:000266521100005 ER PT J AU Davis, SR Davis, DR AF Davis, Steven R. Davis, Donald R. TI First report of the old world genus Pelecystola in North America, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Biogeography; Falsivalva; genital morphology; pectinifer; Scardiinae AB The tineid genus Pelecystola, which was previously represented by six widely scattered species known only from the Palearctic, Indomalayan, and Ethiopian regions, is reported for the first time from the western hemisphere. The new species, Pelecystola nearctica, has been found to occur rather commonly over much of eastern North America from Quebec, Canada, south in the United States to Florida and west to Arkansas. The genus Pelerystola is partially characterized by the development of a pedunculate pectinifer which arises from the extreme base of the male valva, a character also shared by the austral South American genus Falsivalva. Although the genus has sometimes been referred to the Scardiinae, the subfamily affinities of Pelerystola as well as the larval biology remain unresolved. C1 [Davis, Donald R.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Davis, Steven R.] Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Div Entomol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Davis, Steven R.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Davis, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NHB 169, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM davisd@si.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation's Assembling the Tree of Life [0531626, 0531769] FX We wish to acknowledge research assistant Patricia Gentili-Poole and illustrator Young Sohn of the Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution for their graphics assistance and line illustrations respectively. We thank Ole Karsholt, Universitetes Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark and Gaden Robinson of the Natural History Museum, London, UK for bringing the little known genus Pelecystola to our attention, which assisted in determining the generic placement of the new North American species. We thank John Glaser, Berkeley Springs, West Virginia, for the donation of a comprehensive collection of eastern North American Lepidoptera to the Smithsonian Institution, which included specimens of Pelecystola nearctica. Richard Brown, Mississippi Entomological Museum, Mississippi State, MS, John Heppner, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL, and Jean-Francoise Landry, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada provided material and specimen data. Makoto Sakai, Hunan University, China and Toshiya Hirowatari, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan provided descriptions and illustrations of the Asian species, Pelecystola strigosa. We are grateful to Keith Langdon, Great Smokey Mountains National Park (GSMNP), for assistance with collecting permits, and Jeanie Hilten, Discover Life in America (DLIA) for logistic support of field work within GSMNP DLIA and the Smithsonian Institution's Biodiversity Programs also provided funding for field work in the Great Smokey Mountains National Park during 2000 and 2001. Thanks also to David L. Wagner, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT and Brian Scholtens, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, for organizing and inviting us to participate in the Lepidoptera Bio-Blitzes held during 2000, 2002, and 2004 in GSMNP Support for gene sequencing was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation's Assembling the Tree of Life program, award numbers 0531626 and 0531769. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 25 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.3897/zookeys.25.197 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 536UL UT WOS:000273069200006 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML van Noort, S AF Buffington, Matt L. van Noort, Simon TI A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Aspicerinae; genus revision; species revision; host record; Syrphidae ID CYNIPOIDEA; PHYLOGENY AB Anacharoides Cameron is revised and six species are recognized: A. nicknacki Buffington & van Noort, sp. n., A. pallida Quinlan, A. paragi Benoit, A. quadrus Quinlan, A. striaticeps Cameron and A. stygius Benoit. A key to species is provided. Anacharoides striaticeps was determined to be a variable species, and consequently a number of names have been proposed for this species. Here we clarify the identity of A. striaticeps and provide evidence for the following new synonymies of A. striaticeps: Anacharoides elongaticornis Benoit, syn. n., Anacharoides eurytergis Benoit, syn. n., Anacharoides decellius Quinlan, syn. n., Anacharoides sanitas Quinlan, syn. n., Anacharoides nigra Quinlan, syn. n., Anacharoides arcus Quinlan, syn. n., Anacharoides suspensus Quinlan, syn. n.. The holotype of Anacharoides rufa (Kieffer) is lost; examination of a specimen possibly determined by Kieffer from 1913 housed in the Museum is conspecific with A. pallida, but no nomenclature action is pursued at this time. The syn. n. of A. astrida Quinlan with A. quadrus is also hypothesized. Definitive host records for the genus, based on isolated puparia, are reported to be the syrphids Ischiodon Sack and Paragus Latreille. Species of this genus of figitid wasp are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, the southern Arabian Peninsula and the Canary Islands. Images of all species contained within this paper are available from http://morphbank.net. An online Lucid interactive key to species of Anacharoides and images are available at http://www.waspweb.org/Cynipoidea/Figitidae/Aspicerinae/Anacharoides/index.htm. C1 [Buffington, Matt L.] NMNH, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA ARS, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. [van Noort, Simon] Iziko S African Museum, Nat Hist Div, Cape Town, South Africa. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), NMNH, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA ARS, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov RI van Noort, Simon/C-4006-2017 OI van Noort, Simon/0000-0001-6930-9741 FU South African National Research Foundation [GUN 61497]; Italian/South African Scientific and Technological Co-operation [GUN 2068865] FX The authors would like to extend their gratitude to all curators that made generous loans of specimens for our examination in this project. We would also like Sonja Scheffer and Thomas Henry (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Washington DC, and Scott Solomon (Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution), and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions to the manuscript. Finally, we thank Norm Johnson (Ohio State University) for organizing this special issue of ZooKeys in honor of Lubomir Masner (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa), a true pioneer in the study of Hymenoptera. MLB thanks the Systematic Entomology Laboratory for providing travel funds to South Africa to initiate this project with SvN. This work was supported in part by a South African National Research Foundation grant GUN 61497 (SvN) and an Italian/South African Scientific and Technological Co-operation grant GUN 2068865 awarded to SvN and Prof. M. Olmi (University of Tuscia). NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2009 IS 20 SI SI BP 245 EP 274 DI 10.3897/zookeys.20.124 PG 30 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 518RR UT WOS:000271711300012 ER PT J AU Marvaldi, AE Duckett, CN Kjer, KM Gillespie, JJ AF Marvaldi, Adriana E. Duckett, Catherine N. Kjer, Karl M. Gillespie, Joseph J. TI Structural alignment of 18S and 28S rDNA sequences provides insights into phylogeny of Phytophaga (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea and Chrysomeloidea) SO ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; WEEVILS COLEOPTERA; EVOLUTION; LARVAL; DIVERSIFICATION; GALERUCINAE; CHARACTERS; EROTYLIDAE AB We performed a comparative study of partial rDNA sequences from a variety of Coleoptera taxa to construct an annotated alignment based on secondary structure information, which in turn, provides improved rRNA structure models useful for phylogenetic reconstruction. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis was performed to test monophyly and interfamilial relationships of the megadiverse plant feeding beetle group known as 'Phytophaga' (Curculionoidea and Chrysomeloidea), as well as to discover their closest relatives among the Cucujiformia. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses were performed based on the structural alignment of segments of 18S rRNA (variable regions V4-V5, V7-V9) and 28S rRNA (expansion segment D2). A total of 104 terminal taxa of Coleoptera were included: 96 species of Cucujiformia beetles, representing the families and most 'subfamilies' of weevils and chrysomeloids (Phytophaga), as well as several families of Cleroidea, Tenebrionoidea and Cucujoidea, and eight outgroups from three other polyphagan series: Scarabaeiformia, Elateriformia and Bostrichiformia. The results from the different methods of analysis agree - recovering the monophyly of the 'Phytophaga', including Curculionoidea and Chrysomeloidea as sister groups. The curculionoid and chrysomeloid phylogeny recovered from the aligned 18S and 28S rDNA segments, which is independent of morphological data, is in agreement with recent hypotheses or concepts based on morphological evidence, particularly with respect to familial relationships. Our results provide clues about the evolutionary origin of the phytophagan beetles within the megaclade Cucujiformia, suggesting that the sister group of 'Curculionoidea + Chrysomeloidea' is a clade of the 'Cucujoidea', represented in this study by species in Boganiidae, Erotylidae, Nitidulidae, Cucujidae and Silvanidae. The Coccinellidae and Endomychidae are not grouped with the latter, and the remaining terminal taxa are nested in Tenebrionoidea and Cleroidea. We propose that the combination of structurally aligned ribosomal RNA gene regions 18S (V4-V5, V7-V9) and 28S (D2) are useful in testing monophyly and resolving relationships among beetle superfamilies and families. C1 [Marvaldi, Adriana E.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Argentino Invest Zonas Aridas Entomol, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Duckett, Catherine N.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Kjer, Karl M.] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Gillespie, Joseph J.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Gillespie, Joseph J.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Marvaldi, AE (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Argentino Invest Zonas Aridas Entomol, CC 507, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. EM marvaldi@lab.cricyt.edu.ar; cduckett@rutgers.edu; kjer@aesop.rutgers.edu; jgille@vbi.vt.edu OI Gillespie, Joseph/0000-0002-5447-7264 FU CONICET [PIP 5766]; NSF [EF 0531768, DEB 0137624]; NIAID [HHSN266200400035C] FX For providing specimens and/or identifications for this study, we are most grateful to Chuck Bellamy, Juan E. Barriga, California Academy of Science, Andy Cline, Mike Caterino, Juan Diego Daza, Osvaldo Di Iorio, Dan Duran, Pedro Estrada, Gustavo Flores, David Hawks, Ting Hsiao, Mike & Donna Ivie, Alexander Konstantinov, Boris Korotyaev, Susan Kelley, Willy Kuschel, John Lawrence, Steve Lingafelter, Jonathan Maudsley, Geoff Monteith, Geoff Morse, Eduard Petitpierre, Rolf Oberprieler, Chris Reid, Andrew Smith, Charles Staines, Warren Steiner, and Marek Wanat. David Hawks generously provided sequences for. five taxa. Support from CONICET ( National Council of Science and Technology, Argentina) through grant PIP 5766 to AEM is gratefully acknowledged. AEM also thanks NSF for grant EF 0531768. We are grateful to NSF for grants DEB 0137624 to CND and KMK. JJG acknowledges support from NIAID contract HHSN266200400035C to Bruno Sobral ( Virginia Bioinformatics Institute at Virginia Tech). NR 59 TC 51 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0300-3256 EI 1463-6409 J9 ZOOL SCR JI Zool. Scr. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00360.x PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 383PR UT WOS:000261686000005 ER PT J AU Mantelatto, FL Seelzo, MA Tudge, CC AF Mantelatto, F. L. Seelzo, M. A. Tudge, C. C. TI Morphological and morphometric appraisal of the spermatophore of the southern hermit crab Isocheles sawayai Forest and Saint Laurent, 1968 (Anomura: Diogenidae), with comments on gonopores in both sexes SO ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER LA English DT Article DE Crustacea; Diogenidae; Gonopores; Reproduction; Spermatophore ID CLIBANARIUS-ERYTHROPUS; DECAPODA; PAGUROIDEA; PAGURIDAE; CRUSTACEA; ULTRASTRUCTURE; FAMILIES AB The spermatophore morphology of the hermit crab Isocheles sawayai from Southwestern Atlantic (Brazil) is described. The spermatophores show similarities with those described for other members of the family Diogenidae, especially with the recently described Loxopagurus loxochelis. The spermatophore is composed of three major regions: a sperm filled head or ampulla, a columnar stalk and a foot or pedestal. The spermatophores show specific morphology in having a circular ampulla, and a constriction or neck between the ampulla (100 mu m) and the thin (27 mu m), long stalk (500 mu m). The stalk penetrates less than half way into the spermatophore head. Most spermatophores show one or the small posterior projections on the underside of the ampulla as being bigger than the other, making it asymmetrical. The size of the spermatophore is related to hermit crab size with direct relationships found between spermatophore ampulla width, total length, and peduncle length with shield length of the hermit crab. The morphological characteristics of the spermatophore of L sawayai. are species-specific distinguishing it from other members of the family, and are useful to infer further phylogenetic relationships. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Mantelatto, F. L.] Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Bioecol & Crustacean Systemat, Dept Biol, Fac Philosophy Sci & Letters Ribeirao Preto FFCLR, BR-14040901 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. [Seelzo, M. A.] Univ Nacl Mar PlatalCONICET, Dept Ciencias Marinas, FCEyN, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Tudge, C. C.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Tudge, C. C.] Amer Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Mantelatto, FL (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Bioecol & Crustacean Systemat, Dept Biol, Fac Philosophy Sci & Letters Ribeirao Preto FFCLR, Av Bandeirantes 3900, BR-14040901 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. EM flmantel@usp.br RI Mantelatto, Fernando/H-2695-2012 OI Mantelatto, Fernando/0000-0002-8497-187X NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0044-5231 J9 ZOOL ANZ JI Zool. Anz. PY 2009 VL 248 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.jcz.2008.06.002 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 421AE UT WOS:000264329500001 ER PT J AU Ferrari, FD Ivanenko, VN AF Ferrari, Frank D. Ivanenko, V. N. TI Remarks on the "Subcoxa" hypothesis from Backer et al. (2008) SO ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER LA English DT Editorial Material ID COPEPODA; CYCLOPOIDA; CYCLOPIDAE C1 [Ferrari, Frank D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, IZ MSC MRC 534, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Ivanenko, V. N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Fac Biol, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP Ferrari, FD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, IZ MSC MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM ferrarif@si.edu RI Ivanenko, Viatcheslav/B-8198-2008 OI Ivanenko, Viatcheslav/0000-0003-1255-0491 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0044-5231 J9 ZOOL ANZ JI Zool. Anz. PY 2009 VL 248 IS 1 BP 33 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jcz.2008.10.001 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 421AE UT WOS:000264329500003 ER PT J AU Kitahara, MV Cairns, SD AF Kitahara, Marcelo V. Cairns, Stephen D. TI A revision of the genus Deltocyathus Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 (Scleractinia, Caryophylliidae) from New Caledonia, with the description of a new species SO ZOOSYSTEMA LA English DT Article DE Scleractinia; Caryophylliidae; Deltocyathus; New Caledonia; new species ID AZOOXANTHELLATE SCLERACTINIA; CNIDARIA ANTHOZOA; VANUATU; CORALS AB Based on part of the material collected during the HALIPRO 1, BATHUS 3, BATHUS 4, and NORFOLK 2 expeditions by the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris off New Caledonia, 10 species of scleractinian corals belonging to the genus Deltocyathus were identified: D. magnificus, D. rotulus, D. suluensis, D. vaughani, D. ornatus, D. heteroclitus, D. corrugatus, D. crassiseptum, D. cameratus and D. inusitatus n. sp. These 10 species are fully described and illustrated, their distributional and bathymetric ranges are given. A brief history and an identification key for all species belonging to this genus are provided. C1 [Kitahara, Marcelo V.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Kitahara, Marcelo V.] James Cook Univ, Coral Genom Grp, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Cairns, Stephen D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kitahara, MV (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Douglas Campus, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM marcelo.visentinikitahara@jcu.edu.au; cairnss@si.edu RI Kitahara, Marcelo/D-5560-2011 NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES DU MUSEUM, PARIS PI PARIS CEDEX 05 PA CP 39-57, RUE CUVIER, F-75231 PARIS CEDEX 05, FRANCE SN 1280-9551 J9 ZOOSYSTEMA JI Zoosystema PY 2009 VL 31 IS 2 BP 233 EP 248 DI 10.5252/z2009n2a2 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 469IU UT WOS:000267891400002 ER PT J AU Glenday, AG Cramer, CE Phillips, DF Walsworth, RL AF Glenday, Alexander G. Cramer, Claire E. Phillips, David F. Walsworth, Ronald L. TI Limits on Anomalous Spin-Spin Couplings between Neutrons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NOBLE-GAS MASER; ELECTRONS; SEARCH; FORCES; AXIONS; HE-3 AB We report experimental limits on new spin-dependent macroscopic forces between neutrons. We measured the nuclear Zeeman frequencies of a (3)He/(129)Xe maser while modulating the nuclear spin polarization of a nearby (3)He ensemble in a separate glass cell. We place limits on the coupling strength of neutron spin-spin interactions mediated by light pseudoscalar particles like the axion [g(p)g(p)/(4 pi hc)] at the 3x10(-7) level for interaction ranges longer than about 40 cm. This limit is about 10(-5) the size of the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction between neutrons. C1 [Glenday, Alexander G.; Cramer, Claire E.; Phillips, David F.; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Glenday, Alexander G.; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Glenday, AG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NSF [PHY-0502279] FX We acknowledge useful discussions with Jesse Thaler and Michael Crescimanno. This work was supported by NSF grant PHY-0502279. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 26 AR 261801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.261801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 391QF UT WOS:000262247100021 PM 19113768 ER PT J AU Kasper, JC Lazarus, AJ Gary, SP AF Kasper, J. C. Lazarus, A. J. Gary, S. P. TI Hot Solar-Wind Helium: Direct Evidence for Local Heating by Alfven-Cyclotron Dissipation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-IONS; COULOMB COLLISIONS; MINOR IONS; CORONA; ACCELERATION; SCATTERING; LATITUDE; ULYSSES; SPEED; WAVES AB A study of solar-wind hydrogen and helium temperature observations collected by the Wind spacecraft offers compelling evidence of heating by an Alfven-cyclotron dissipation mechanism. Observations are sorted by the rate of Coulomb interactions, or collisional age, in the plasma and the differential flow between the two species. We show that helium is preferentially heated perpendicular to the magnetic field direction by more than a factor of 6 when the flow between the species is small relative to the Alfven wave speed and collisions are infrequent. These signatures are consistent with predictions of dissipation in the presence of multiple ion species. We also report an unexpected result: observations of efficient heating of helium parallel to the magnetic field for large differential flow relative to the sound speed. C1 [Kasper, J. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lazarus, A. J.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gary, S. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kasper, JC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jkasper@cfa.harvard.edu RI Kasper, Justin/D-1152-2010 OI Kasper, Justin/0000-0002-7077-930X FU NASA [NNX08AW07G] FX Analysis of Wind/SWE observations at SAO is supported by NASA Grant NNX08AW07G. NR 25 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 26 AR 261103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.261103 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 391QF UT WOS:000262247100016 PM 19113766 ER PT J AU Nettles, M Larsen, TB Elosegui, P Hamilton, GS Stearns, LA Ahlstrom, AP Davis, JL Andersen, ML de Juan, J Khan, SA Stenseng, L Ekstrom, G Forsberg, R AF Nettles, M. Larsen, T. B. Elosegui, P. Hamilton, G. S. Stearns, L. A. Ahlstrom, A. P. Davis, J. L. Andersen, M. L. de Juan, J. Khan, S. A. Stenseng, L. Ekstroem, G. Forsberg, R. TI Step-wise changes in glacier flow speed coincide with calving and glacial earthquakes at Helheim Glacier, Greenland SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; ICE-SHEET; MOTION AB Geodetic observations show several large, sudden increases in flow speed at Helheim Glacier, one of Greenland's largest outlet glaciers, during summer, 2007. These step-like accelerations, detected along the length of the glacier, coincide with teleseismically detected glacial earthquakes and major iceberg calving events. No coseismic offset in the position of the glacier surface is observed; instead, modest tsunamis associated with the glacial earthquakes implicate glacier calving in the seismogenic process. Our results link changes in glacier velocity directly to calving-front behavior at Greenland's largest outlet glaciers, on timescales as short as minutes to hours, and clarify the mechanism by which glacial earthquakes occur. Citation: Nettles, M., et al. (2008), Step-wise changes in glacier flow speed coincide with calving and glacial earthquakes at Helheim Glacier, Greenland, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L24503, doi: 10.1029/2008GL036127. C1 [Nettles, M.; Ekstroem, G.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Larsen, T. B.; Ahlstrom, A. P.; Andersen, M. L.] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland GEUS, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Davis, J. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Elosegui, P.; de Juan, J.] IEEC, CSIC, Inst Space Sci, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Khan, S. A.; Stenseng, L.; Forsberg, R.] Danish Natl Space Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hamilton, G. S.; Stearns, L. A.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Nettles, M.; Ekstroem, G.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Nettles, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM nettles@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Hamilton, Gordon/G-1679-2011; Nettles, Meredith/A-8638-2012; Ekstrom, Goran/C-9771-2012; Andersen, Morten/E-5509-2012; GEOFON, GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012; Davis, James/D-8766-2013; Ahlstrom, Andreas Peter/E-5257-2014; Khan, Shfaqat/B-2664-2012; OI Ekstrom, Goran/0000-0001-6410-275X; Davis, James/0000-0003-3057-477X; Ahlstrom, Andreas Peter/0000-0001-8235-8070; Khan, Shfaqat Abbas/0000-0002-2689-8563 FU Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation; U. S. National Science Foundation; Danish Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland (KVUG); Spanish Ministry of Education and Science; Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS); Danish National Space Center, NASA; Dan and Betty Churchill Exploration Fund; UNAVCO, Inc FX The Helheim 2007 project was supported by the Gary Comer Science and Education Foundation, the U. S. National Science Foundation, the Danish Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland (KVUG), the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Geocenter Copenhagen, the Danish National Space Center, NASA, the Lamont-Doherty Climate Center, and the Dan and Betty Churchill Exploration Fund. GPS equipment and technical support were provided by UNAVCO, Inc. The GSN data were collected and distributed by IRIS and the USGS. Regional seismic data were archived by GEOFON. NR 25 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 30 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 24 AR L24503 DI 10.1029/2008GL036127 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 390MJ UT WOS:000262168100003 ER PT J AU Vogler, C Benzie, J Lessios, H Barber, PH Worheide, G AF Vogler, Catherine Benzie, John Lessios, Harilaos Barber, Paul H. Woerheide, Gert TI A threat to coral reefs multiplied? Four species of crown-of-thorns starfish SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE species complex; sibling species; Acanthaster planci; crown-of-thorns starfish ID DNA TAXONOMY; POPULATIONS; SPECIATION; PATTERNS; PACIFIC; COMPLEX AB In the face of ever-increasing threats to coral reef ecosystems, it is essential to understand the impact of natural predators in order to devise appropriate management strategies. Destructive population explosions of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci have devastated coral reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific for decades. But despite extensive research, the causes of outbreaks are still unclear. An important consideration in this research is that A. planci has been regarded as a single taxonomic entity. Using molecular data from its entire distribution, we find that A. planci is in fact a species complex. This discovery has important consequences for future coral reef research, and might prove critical for successful reef conservation management. C1 [Benzie, John] Moana Technol, Kailua Kona, HI 96740 USA. [Lessios, Harilaos] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Panama. [Barber, Paul H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Vogler, Catherine; Woerheide, Gert] Univ Gottingen, Courant Res Ctr Geobiol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Worheide, G (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM g.woerheide@lrz.uni-muenchen.de RI Worheide, Gert/C-1080-2008 OI Worheide, Gert/0000-0002-6380-7421 FU EU Marie-Curie Early Stage Research Training [HOTSPOTS MEST-CT-2005-020561]; Universitatsstiftung Gottingen FX Funded by the EU Marie-Curie Early Stage Research Training HOTSPOTS MEST-CT-2005-020561. We thank Tim Barraclough, Imperial College, London, for R scripts, Alfried Vogler for ideas, Oliver Voigt and Daniel Jackson for their helpful comments, Kerry Roper, Bastian Bentlage, Bernie Degnan for assistance, and the Universitatsstiftung Gottingen for funding. We also thank Lyndon de Vantier, Elisabeth Illidge-Evans, Alexander Keck, Gordon Kirk-wood, Gustav Paulay, Serge Planes, Peter Schupp, Molly Timmers and Sven Uthicke for providing samples, as well as all the institutions and individuals who supported the authors of this study during fieldwork. For recent samples, we acknowledge the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, the Fujeirah Municipality (UAE), the Oman Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs, Five Oceans LLC (Oman) and CORDIO Kenya. All experiments comply with current German laws. NR 28 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 52 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2008 VL 4 IS 6 BP 696 EP 699 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0454 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 369UQ UT WOS:000260719800027 PM 18832058 ER PT J AU Fleischer, RC James, HF Olson, SL AF Fleischer, Robert C. James, Helen F. Olson, Storrs L. TI Convergent Evolution of Hawaiian and Australo-Pacific Honeyeaters from Distant Songbird Ancestors SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIVERGENCE; PHYLOGENY; RATES AB The Hawaiian "honeyeaters," five endemic species of recently extinct, nectar-feeding songbirds in the genera Moho and Chaetoptila, looked and acted like Australasian honeyeaters (Meliphagidae), and no taxonomist since their discovery on James Cook's third voyage has classified them as anything else [1-8]. We obtained DNA sequences from museum specimens of Moho and Chaetoptila collected in Hawaii 115-158 years ago. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences supports monophyly of the two Hawaiian genera but, surprisingly, reveals that neither taxon is a meliphagid honeyeater, nor even in the same part of the songbird radiation as meliphagids. Instead, the Hawaiian species are divergent members of a passeridan group that includes deceptively dissimilar families of songbirds (Holarctic waxwings, neotropical silky flycatchers, and palm chats). Here we designate them as a new family, the Mohoidae. A nuclear-DNA rate calibration [9] suggests that mohoids diverged from their closest living ancestor 14-17 mya, coincident with the estimated earliest arrival in Hawaii of a bird-pollinated plant lineage [10]. Convergent evolution, the evolution of similar traits in distantly related taxa because of common selective pressures, is illustrated well by nectar-feeding birds [11], but the morphological, behavioral, and ecological similarity of the mohoids to the Australasian honeyeaters makes them a particularly striking example of the phenomenon. C1 [Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Fleischer, Robert C.; James, Helen F.; Olson, Storrs L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Fleischer, RC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM fleischerr@si.edu FU The Smithsonian Institution Genetics Program; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0643291] FX We thank C. McIntosh, A.R. Hoelzel, and M. Haynie for logistical assistance; A. Driskell for discussion; J. Anderton for the beautiful bird illustrations; B. Schmidt for help with Figure 2; and curators of the American (J. Cracraft, G. Barrowclough), British (R. Prys-Jones), Cambridge University (M. de L. Brooke), Harvard University (D. Siegel-Causey), Liverpool (C. Fisher), and Smithsonian (G. Graves) museums for permission to sample rare specimens. The Smithsonian Institution Genetics Program and National Science Foundation (NSF DEB-0643291) provided funding. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 23 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 EI 1879-0445 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD DEC 23 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 24 BP 1927 EP 1931 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.051 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 389JW UT WOS:000262089700027 PM 19084408 ER PT J AU Jha, S Dick, CW AF Jha, Shalene Dick, Christopher W. TI Shade coffee farms promote genetic diversity of native trees SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID BIODIVERSITY C1 [Jha, Shalene] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dick, Christopher W.] Univ Michigan, Herbarium, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Dick, Christopher W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Jha, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM sjha@umich.edu RI Dick, Christopher/A-8744-2008; Jha, Shalene/B-4271-2012 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD DEC 23 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 24 BP R1126 EP R1128 AR PII S0960-9822(08)01496-6 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.017 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 389JW UT WOS:000262089700012 PM 19108765 ER PT J AU Morris, RV Klingelhofer, G Schroder, C Fleischer, I Ming, DW Yen, AS Gellert, R Arvidson, RE Rodionov, DS Crumpler, LS Clark, BC Cohen, BA Mccoy, TJ Mittlefehldt, DW Schmidt, ME de Souza, PA Squyres, SW AF Morris, R. V. Klingelhoefer, G. Schroeder, C. Fleischer, I. Ming, D. W. Yen, A. S. Gellert, R. Arvidson, R. E. Rodionov, D. S. Crumpler, L. S. Clark, B. C. Cohen, B. A. Mccoy, T. J. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Schmidt, M. E. de Souza, P. A., Jr. Squyres, S. W. TI Iron mineralogy and aqueous alteration from Husband Hill through Home Plate at Gusev Crater, Mars: Results from the Mossbauer instrument on the Spirit Mars Exploration Rover SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN SOIL; SPECTROMETER; METEORITES; HEMATITE; ROCKS; DUST; PATHFINDER; VOLCANO; ANALOG AB Spirit's Mossbauer (MB) instrument determined the Fe mineralogy and oxidation state of 71 rocks and 43 soils during its exploration of the Gusev plains and the Columbia Hills (West Spur, Husband Hill, Haskin Ridge, northern Inner Basin, and Home Plate) on Mars. The plains are predominantly float rocks and soil derived from olivine basalts. Outcrops at West Spur and on Husband Hill have experienced pervasive aqueous alteration as indicated by the presence of goethite. Olivine-rich outcrops in a possible mafic/ultramafic horizon are present on Haskin Ridge. Relatively unaltered basalt and olivine basalt float rocks occur at isolated locations throughout the Columbia Hills. Basalt and olivine basalt outcrops are found at and near Home Plate, a putative hydrovolcanic structure. At least three pyroxene compositions are indicated by MB data. MB spectra of outcrops Barnhill and Torquas resemble palagonitic material and thus possible supergene aqueous alteration. Deposits of Fe3+-sulfate soil, located at Paso Robles, Arad, and Tyrone, are likely products of acid sulfate fumarolic and/or hydrothermal activity, possibly in connection with Home Plate volcanism. Hematite-rich outcrops between Home Plate and Tyrone (e. g., Montalva) may also be products of this aqueous activity. Low water-to-rock ratios (isochemical alteration) are implied during palagonite, goethite, and hematite formation because bulk chemical compositions are basaltic (SO3-free basis). High water-to-rock ratios (leaching) under acid sulfate conditions are implied for the high-SiO2 rock and soil in Eastern Valley and the float rock FuzzySmith, which has possible pyrite/marcasite as a hydrothermal alteration product. C1 [Morris, R. V.; Schroeder, C.; Ming, D. W.; Mittlefehldt, D. W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Arvidson, R. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Clark, B. C.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. [Cohen, B. A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Crumpler, L. S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [de Souza, P. A., Jr.] CSIRO, Tasmanian ICT Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Klingelhoefer, G.; Fleischer, I.; Rodionov, D. S.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Mccoy, T. J.; Schmidt, M. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Yen, A. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rodionov, D. S.] Moscow Space Res Inst, Moscow 117810, Russia. RP Morris, RV (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM richard.v.morris@nasa.gov RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Centre, TasICT/D-1212-2011 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; FU NASA Mars Exploration Rover Project; NASA Johnson Space Center; German Space Agency [50QM 99022]; Technical University of Darmstadt; University of Mainz FX R. V. M. and D. W. M. acknowledge support of the NASA Mars Exploration Rover Project and the NASA Johnson Space Center. C. S. acknowledges support by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Johnson Space Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The MER MIMOS II Mossbauer spectrometers were developed and built with funding provided by the German Space Agency under contract 50QM 99022 and with additional support from the Technical University of Darmstadt and the University of Mainz. A portion of the work described in this paper was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. We acknowledge the unwavering support, dedication, and attention to detail of JPL engineering and MER operations staff and the MER Athena Science Team. We thank D. Agresti and Brad Jolliff for thoughtful and detailed reviews of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 23 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E12 AR E12S42 DI 10.1029/2008JE003201 PG 43 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 388UA UT WOS:000262043500001 ER PT J AU Gschweng, M Kalko, EKV Querner, U Fiedler, W Berthold, P AF Gschweng, Marion Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Querner, Ulrich Fiedler, Wolfgang Berthold, Peter TI All across Africa: highly individual migration routes of Eleonora's falcon SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE individual migration pattern; inherited navigation strategies; long-distance migration; navigation system; orientation mechanisms; wintering and summering of Eleonora's Falcon ID ORIENTATION SYSTEM; DIRECTION; CONFLICT; PATTERNS; AUTUMN; SHIFTS; BIRDS; MAP AB Eleonora's falcon (Falco eleonorae) is a rare raptor species that delays its breeding period until late summer to feed its young with passerines at the peak of autumn migration. Since the 1950s, this slender winged falcon has been believed to migrate along a historical route via the Red Sea to its main wintering area in Madagascar. In our study, we used satellite telemetry to investigate the real migration route of Eleonora's falcons and found that the species displayed a highly individual migration pattern. Furthermore, juvenile falcons migrated via West Africa to Madagascar and two juveniles could be tracked during spring migration and to their summering areas in East and West Africa. As juveniles migrated independently of adults, we discuss inherited navigation strategies forming part of a complex navigation system. We propose the idea of an orientation mechanism that naive falcons could apply during their long-distance migration towards their faraway wintering area located in the open ocean. C1 [Gschweng, Marion; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Biol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Querner, Ulrich; Fiedler, Wolfgang; Berthold, Peter] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. RP Gschweng, M (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Biol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM marion.gschweng@uni-ulm.de NR 61 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 22 PY 2008 VL 275 IS 1653 BP 2887 EP 2896 DI 10.1098/rspb.2008.0575 PG 10 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 368HC UT WOS:000260611200013 PM 18765348 ER PT J AU Sauer, DN Mazzali, PA Blondin, S Stehle, M Benetti, S Challis, P Filippenko, AV Kirshner, RP Li, W Matheson, T AF Sauer, D. N. Mazzali, P. A. Blondin, S. Stehle, M. Benetti, S. Challis, P. Filippenko, A. V. Kirshner, R. P. Li, W. Matheson, T. TI Properties of the ultraviolet flux of Type Ia supernovae: an analysis with synthetic spectra of SN 2001ep and SN 2001eh SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; supernovae: general; supernovae: individual: SN2001ep; supernovae: individual: SN 2001eh; cosmology: observations ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MONTE-CARLO TECHNIQUES; GAMMA-RAY BURST; LIGHT CURVES; DARK ENERGY; ABUNDANCE STRATIFICATION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; LEGACY SURVEY; RISE-TIME; MODELS AB The spectral properties of Type Ia supernovae in the ultraviolet (UV) are investigated using the early-time spectra of SN 2001ep and SN 2001eh obtained using the Hubble Space Telescope. A series of spectral models is computed with a Monte Carlo spectral synthesis code, and the dependence of the UV flux on the elemental abundances and the density gradient in the outer layers of the ejecta is tested. A large fraction of the UV flux is formed by reverse-fluorescence scattering of photons from red to blue wavelengths. This process, combined with ionization shifts due to enhanced line blocking, can lead to a stronger UV flux as the iron-group abundance in the outer layers is increased, contrary to previous claims. C1 [Sauer, D. N.; Mazzali, P. A.; Stehle, M.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Mazzali, P. A.; Benetti, S.] Inst Nazl Astrofis OAPd, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Blondin, S.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Blondin, S.; Challis, P.; Kirshner, R. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sauer, D. N.; Mazzali, P. A.; Blondin, S.; Kirshner, R. P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Filippenko, A. V.; Li, W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Matheson, T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Sauer, DN (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM dsauer@mpa-garching.mpg.de RI Sauer, Daniel/A-3033-2012; OI Sauer, Daniel/0000-0002-0317-5063; Benetti, Stefano/0000-0002-3256-0016 FU European Union [HPRN-CT-2002-00294]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; NASA [GO-9114, GO-10182, NAS 5-26555]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-0607485, AST-0606772, PHY 0551164]; Sylvia and Jim Katzman Foundation; TABASGO Foundation FX We thank Stuart Sim for many helpful discussions and Stefan Taubenberger for his help sorting out the WFPC2 filtre functions. We also thank the anonymous referee for many constructive suggestions which helped to improve the manuscript. DNS acknowledges support from the European Union's Human Potential Programme 'Gamma-Ray Bursts: An Enigma and a Tool', under contract HPRN-CT-2002-00294 and the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre TRR33 'The Dark Universe' of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. This research is supported by NASA/HST grants GO-9114 and GO-10182 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. AVF is grateful for financial assistance from the National Science Foundation (NSF grant AST-0607485), the Sylvia and Jim Katzman Foundation and the TABASGO Foundation, without which the construction and continued operation of KAIT would have been impossible. Support for supernova research at Harvard University is provided, in part, by NSF grant AST-0606772. DNS, PAM, SB and RPK thank the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, at the University of California, Santa Barbara, for its hospitality during the programme 'Accretion and Explosion: The Astrophysics of Degenerate Stars', supported in part by the NSF under grant PHY 0551164. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Data base (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. NR 72 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 4 BP 1605 EP 1618 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14018.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 382PD UT WOS:000261617000009 ER PT J AU Deloye, CJ Heinke, CO Taam, RE Jonker, PG AF Deloye, C. J. Heinke, C. O. Taam, R. E. Jonker, P. G. TI Optical observations of SAX J1808.4-3658 during quiescence SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: individual: SAXJ1808.4-3658; stars: neutron; pulsars: general; X-rays: binaries ID ACCRETING MILLISECOND PULSAR; X-RAY PULSAR; ACTIVE RADIO PULSAR; NEUTRON-STARS; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; SAX-J1808.4-3658; COUNTERPART; MASS; CONSTRAINTS; MODEL AB We observed the accreting millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658 with Gemini-South in g' and i' bands, nearly simultaneous with XMM-Newton observations. A clear periodic flux modulation on the system's orbital period is present, consistent with the varying aspect of the donor star's heated face. We model the contributions of a disc and donor star to these optical bands. To produce the observed modulation amplitudes, we conclude that the donor must be irradiated by an external flux two orders of magnitude greater than provided by the measured X-ray luminosity. A possible explanation for this irradiation is that the radio pulsar mechanism becomes active during the quiescent state as suggested by Burderi et al., with relativistic particles heating the donor's day side face. Our modelling constrains the binary inclination to be 36 degrees-67 degrees. We obtain estimates for the pulsar mass of >2.2M(circle dot) ( although this limit is sensitive to the source's distance), consistent with the accelerated neutron star cooling in this system indicated by X-ray observations. We also estimate the donor mass to be 0.07-0.11M(circle dot), providing further indications that the system underwent non-standard binary evolution to reach its current state. C1 [Deloye, C. J.; Heinke, C. O.; Taam, R. E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Heinke, C. O.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. [Heinke, C. O.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Taam, R. E.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, ASIAA, TIARA, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Jonker, P. G.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Jonker, P. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Deloye, CJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM cjdeloye@northwestern.edu OI Heinke, Craig/0000-0003-3944-6109 FU NASA [G07-8078X, G08-9053X, G08-9085X, NNX06AH62G, TM7-8007X]; Academia Sinica and the National Science Council Excellence Projects [NSC 96-2752-M-007-007-PAE]; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; National Science Foundation (United States); Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (United Kingdom); National Research Council (Canada); CONICYT (Chile); Australian Research Council (Australia); CNPq (Brazil); CONICET (Argentina) FX CJD thanks J. Orosz for proving the ELC code and for assistance in using this code. COH thanks A. Bonanos for suggesting the use of ISIS and providing assistance with using it and D. Chakrabarty for calling our attention to the existence of a star close to J1808. We thank the anonymous referee for pointing out citation omissions. COH acknowledges support from the Lindheimer Postdoctoral Fellowship at Northwestern University, NASA Chandra grants G07-8078X, G08-9053X, and G08-9085X and NASA XMM grant NNX06AH62G. CJD acknowledges support from NASA Chandra grant TM7-8007X and XMM grant NNX06AH62G. Support for this work is provided, in part, by the Theoretical Institute for Advanced Research in Astrophysics (TIARA) operated under Academia Sinica and the National Science Council Excellence Projects programme in Taiwan administered through grant number NSC 96-2752-M-007-007-PAE. PGJ acknowledges support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. Based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership, the National Science Foundation (United States), the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), CNPq (Brazil) and CONICET (Argentina). NR 46 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 4 BP 1619 EP 1628 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14021.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 382PD UT WOS:000261617000010 ER PT J AU Rucinski, SM Matthews, JM Kuschnig, R Pojmanski, G Rowe, J Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Sasselov, D Walker, GAH Weiss, WW AF Rucinski, Slavek M. Matthews, Jaymie M. Kuschnig, Rainer Pojmanski, Grzegorz Rowe, Jason Guenther, David B. Moffat, Anthony F. J. Sasselov, Dimitar Walker, Gordon A. H. Weiss, Werner W. TI Photometric variability of the T Tauri star TW Hya on time-scales of hours to years SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: pre-main-sequence; stars: variables: other ID SKY AUTOMATED SURVEY; HYDRAE ASSOCIATION; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; VARIABLE-STARS; CATALOG; DISK; DISCOVERY; MEMBERS; CANDIDATE; QUARTER AB Microvariability & Oscillations of STars ( MOST) and All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS) observations have been used to characterize photometric variability of TW Hya on time-scales from a fraction of a day to 7.5 weeks and from a few days to 8 yr, respectively. The two data sets have very different uncertainties and temporal coverage properties and cannot be directly combined, nevertheless, they suggest a global variability spectrum with 'flicker-noise' properties, that is with amplitudes a alpha 1/root f, over >4 decades in frequency, in the range f = 0.0003-10 cd(-1). A 3.7 d period is clearly present in the continuous 11 d, 0.07 d time resolution, observations by MOST in 2007. Brightness extrema coincide with zero-velocity crossings in periodic (3.56 d) radial-velocity variability detected in contemporaneous spectroscopic observations of Setiawan et al. and interpreted as caused by a planet. The 3.56/3.7 d periodicity was entirely absent in the second, 4 times longer MOST run in 2008, casting doubt on the planetary explanation. Instead, a spectrum of unstable single periods within the range of 2-9 d was observed; the tendency of the periods to progressively shorten was well traced using the wavelet analysis. The evolving periodicities and the overall flicker-noise characteristics of the TW Hya variability suggest a combination of several mechanisms, with the dominant ones probably related to the accretion processes from the disc around the star. C1 [Rucinski, Slavek M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Matthews, Jaymie M.; Kuschnig, Rainer; Walker, Gordon A. H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Pojmanski, Grzegorz] Warsaw Univ, Astron Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Rowe, Jason] NASA Ames Res Pk, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Guenther, David B.] St Marys Univ, Inst Computat Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Moffat, Anthony F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Moffat, Anthony F. J.] Ctr Res Astrophys Quebec, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Weiss, Werner W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Rucinski, SM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. EM rucinski@astro.utoronto.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; AFJM; FQRNT (Quebec); Canadian Space Agency; Austrian Space Agency; Austrian Science Fund; Polish Ministry of Science [N20300731/1328] FX The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada supports the research of DBG, JMM, AFJM and SMR. Additional support for AFJM comes from FQRNT (Quebec). RK is supported by the Canadian Space Agency and WWW is supported by the Austrian Space Agency and the Austrian Science Fund. GP acknowledges the research grant N20300731/1328 from Polish Ministry of Science.; Special thanks are extended to Ray Jayawardhana, Marten van Kerkwijk and Alexis Brandeker for very useful comments and to John Percy for an excellent review.; This research has made use of the SIMBAD data base, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France and NASA's Astrophysics Data System ( ADS) Bibliographic Services. NR 34 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 4 BP 1913 EP 1924 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14014.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 382PD UT WOS:000261617000033 ER PT J AU Brook, CB Governato, F Quinn, T Wadsley, J Brooks, AM Willman, B Stilp, A Jonsson, P AF Brook, Chris B. Governato, Fabio Quinn, Thomas Wadsley, James Brooks, Alyson M. Willman, Beth Stilp, Adrienne Jonsson, Patrik TI THE FORMATION OF POLAR DISK GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: theory; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; RING GALAXIES; NGC 4650A; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; STELLAR CONTENT; S0 GALAXIES; DEEP FIELD; ORIGIN AB Polar ring galaxies, such as NGC 4650A, are a class of galaxies that have two kinematically distinct components that are inclined by almost 90 degrees to each other. These striking galaxies challenge our understanding of how galaxies form; the origin of their distinct components has remained uncertain and is the subject of much debate. We use high-resolution cosmological simulations of galaxy formation to show that polar ring galaxies are simply an extreme example of the misalignment of angular momentum that occurs during the hierarchical structure formation characteristic of a cold dark matter cosmology. In our model, polar ring galaxies form through the continuous accretion of gas whose angular momentum is misaligned with the central galaxy. C1 [Brook, Chris B.; Governato, Fabio; Quinn, Thomas; Brooks, Alyson M.; Stilp, Adrienne] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wadsley, James] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L88 4M1, Canada. [Willman, Beth] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jonsson, Patrik] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Brook, CB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU NSF ITR [PHY-0205413]; NSF [AST-0607819]; Spitzer Theory FX We thank Enrica Iodice for helpful discussions and Brad Gibson and Julianne Dalcanton for feedback on a draft. C.B., F.G., T.Q., and A. B. are supported by an NSF ITR grant, PHY-0205413. F.G. was supported by NSF grant AST-0607819 and by a Spitzer Theory Grant. The simulation was run at the San Diego Supercomputing Facility. NR 61 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 2 BP 678 EP 686 DI 10.1086/591489 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 376NF UT WOS:000261189600003 ER PT J AU Morgan, CW Kochanek, CS Dai, XY Morgan, ND Falco, EE AF Morgan, Christopher W. Kochanek, Christopher. S. Dai, Xinyu Morgan, Nicholas D. Falco, Emilio E. TI X-RAY AND OPTICAL MICROLENSING IN THE LENSED QUASAR PG 1115+080 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; dark matter; gravitational lensing; quasars: individual (PG 1115+080) ID GRAVITATIONAL LENS; ACCRETION DISKS; TIME DELAYS; IRON LINE; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION REGIONS; BLACK-HOLES; XMM-NEWTON; MCG-6-30-15; GALAXIES AB We analyzed the microlensing of the X-ray and optical emission of the lensed quasar PG 1115+080. We find that the effective radius of the X-ray emission is 1.3(-0.5)(+1.1) dex smaller than that of the optical emission. Viewed as a thin disk observed at inclination angle i, the optical accretion disk has a scale length, defined by the point where the disk temperature matches the rest-frame energy of the monitoring band (kT = hc/lambda(rest) with lambda(rest) 0: 3 mu m), of log{(r(s,opt)/cm)[cos(i)/0.5](1/2)} = 16.6 +/- 0.4. The X-ray emission region (1.4-21.8 keV in the rest frame) has an effective half-light radius of log (r(1/2,x)/cm) = 15.6(-0.9)(+0.6). Given an estimated black hole mass of 1.2 x 10(9) M circle dot, corresponding to a gravitational radius of log (r(g)/cm) = 14.3, the X-ray emission is generated near the inner edge of the disk, while the optical emission comes from scales slightly larger than those expected for an Eddington-limited thin disk. We find a weak trend supporting models with low stellar mass fractions near the lensed images, in mild contradiction to inferences from the stellar velocity dispersion and the time delays. C1 [Morgan, Christopher W.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Morgan, Christopher W.; Kochanek, Christopher. S.; Dai, Xinyu; Morgan, Nicholas D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kochanek, Christopher. S.; Dai, Xinyu] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Falco, Emilio E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Morgan, CW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Dai, Xinyu/B-5735-2011 OI Dai, Xinyu/0000-0001-9203-2808 FU NSF [AST 0708082, HST-GO-9744, NAS-5-26666]; Space Telescope Science Institute; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc FX C. S. K. acknowledges support from NSF grant AST 0708082. This research made extensive use of a Beowulf computer cluster obtained through the Cluster Ohio program of the Ohio Supercomputer Center. Support for program HST-GO-9744 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS-5-26666. We would like to thank P. Schechter, J. Blackburne, S. Kozlowski, and D. Pooley for identifying and helping to resolve technical issues with measurements of the A1/A2 flux ratio. NR 65 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 2 BP 755 EP 761 DI 10.1086/592767 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 376NF UT WOS:000261189600008 ER PT J AU David, LP Nulsen, PEJ AF David, Laurence P. Nulsen, Paul E. J. TI THE EXTENDED Fe DISTRIBUTION IN THE INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM AND THE IMPLICATIONS REGARDING AGN HEATING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cooling flows; galaxies: abundances; galaxies: active; galaxies: clusters: general; intergalactic medium; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HYDRA-A CLUSTER; X-RAY; ABUNDANCE PROFILES; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; GAS MOTIONS AB We present a systematic analysis of XMM-Newton observations of eight cool-core clusters of galaxies and determine the Fe distribution in the intracluster medium relative to the stellar distribution in the central dominant galaxy (CDG). Our analysis shows that the Fe is significantly more extended than the stellar mass in the CDG in all of the clusters in our sample, with a slight trend of increasing extent with increasing central cooling time. The excess Fe within the central 100 kpc in these clusters can be produced by Type Ia supernovae from the CDG over the past 3-7 Gyr. Since the excess Fe primarily originates from the CDG, it is a useful probe for determining the motion of the gas and the mechanical energy deposited by AGN outbursts over the past similar to 5 Gyr in the centers of clusters. We explore two possible mechanisms for producing the greater extent of the Fe relative to the stars in the CDG, bulk expansion of the gas and turbulent diffusion of the Fe. Assuming that the gas and Fe expand together, we find that a total energy of 10(60) - 10(61) erg s(-1) must have been deposited into the central 100 kpc of these clusters in order to produce the currently observed Fe distributions. Since the required enrichment time for the excess Fe is approximately 5 Gyr in these clusters, this gives an average AGN mechanical power over this time of 10(43) - 10(44) erg s(-1). The extended Fe distribution in cluster cores can also arise from turbulent diffusion. Assuming a steady state (i. e., the outward mass flux of Fe across a given surface is equal to the mass injection rate of Fe within that surface), we find that diffusion coefficients of 10(29) - 10(30) cm2 s(-1) are required in order to maintain the currently observed Fe profiles. We find that heating by both turbulent diffusion of entropy and dissipation are important heating mechanisms in cluster cores. In half of the clusters with central cooling times greater than 1 Gyr, we find that heating by turbulent diffusion of entropy alone can balance radiative losses. In the remaining clusters, some additional heating by turbulent dissipation, with turbulent velocities of 150-300 km s(-1), is required in order to balance radiative cooling. We also find that the average Type Ia supernova fraction within the central 100 kpc of these clusters is 0.53 (roughly twice the solar value), on the basis of the Si-to-Fe mass ratio. This implies a total (Type Ia plus core-collapse) supernova heating rate of less than 10% of the bolometric X-ray luminosity within the centers of clusters. C1 [David, Laurence P.; Nulsen, Paul E. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP David, LP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM david@head.cfa.harvard.edu OI Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493 FU NASA [GO7-8127X, NAS8-01130] FX This work was supported in part by NASA grant GO7-8127X. P.E.J.N. also acknowledges NASA grant NAS8-01130. NR 73 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 2 BP 837 EP 850 DI 10.1086/592239 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 376NF UT WOS:000261189600014 ER PT J AU van Adelsberg, M Heng, K McCray, R Raymond, JC AF van Adelsberg, Matthew Heng, Kevin McCray, Richard Raymond, John C. TI SPATIAL STRUCTURE AND COLLISIONLESS ELECTRON HEATING IN BALMER-DOMINATED SHOCKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE shock waves; supernova remnants ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SUPER-NOVA REMNANTS; FULLY STRIPPED IONS; H+-HE+ COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; NONRADIATIVE SHOCKS; DOUBLE IONIZATION; OPTICAL-EMISSION; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; HIGH-VELOCITY AB Balmer-dominated shocks in supernova remnants (SNRs) produce strong hydrogen lines with a two-component profile composed of a narrow contribution from cold upstream hydrogen atoms and a broad contribution from hydrogen atoms that have undergone charge transfer reactions with hot protons. Observations of emission lines from edgewise shocks in SNRs can constrain the gas velocity and collisionless electron heating at the shock front. Downstream hydrogen atoms engage in charge transfer, excitation, and ionization reactions, defining an interaction region called the shock transition zone. The properties of hot hydrogen atoms produced by charge transfers (called broad neutrals) are critical for accurately calculating the structure and radiation from the shock transition zone. This paper is the third in a series describing the kinetic, fluid, and emission properties of Balmer-dominated shocks, and it is the first to properly treat the effect of broad neutral kinetics on the shock transition zone structure. We use our models to extract shock parameters from observations of Balmer-dominated SNRs. We find that the inferred shock velocities and electron temperatures are lower than those of previous calculations by < 10% for v(s) < 1500 km s(-1) and by 10%-30% for vs > 1500 km s(-1). This effect is primarily due to the fact that excitation by proton collisions and charge transfer to excited levels favor the high-speed part of the neutral hydrogen velocity distribution. Our results have a strong dependence on the ratio of the electron to proton temperatures, beta equivalent to Te /Tp, which allows us to construct a relation beta(v(s)) between the temperature ratio and the shock velocity. We compare our calculations to previous results by Ghavamian and coworkers. C1 [van Adelsberg, Matthew; McCray, Richard] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heng, Kevin] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Raymond, John C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP van Adelsberg, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mvanadel@jilau1.colorado.edu OI Heng, Kevin/0000-0003-1907-5910 NR 41 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 2 BP 1089 EP 1104 DI 10.1086/592680 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 376NF UT WOS:000261189600032 ER PT J AU Rathborne, JM Jackson, JM Zhang, Q Simon, R AF Rathborne, J. M. Jackson, J. M. Zhang, Q. Simon, R. TI SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY OBSERVATIONS OF INFRARED DARK CLOUDS: A TALE OF TWO CORES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; infrared: ISM; ISM: clouds; radio lines: ISM; stars: formation ID MASSIVE STAR-FORMATION; PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; CO OUTFLOWS; DISCOVERY; CLUSTERS; SEARCH; SAMPLE AB We present high angular resolution submillimeter continuum images and molecular line spectra obtained with the Submillimeter Array toward two massive cores that lie within infrared dark clouds (IRDCs), one actively star-forming (G034.43+00.24 MM1) and the other more quiescent (G028.53-00.25 MM1). The high angular resolution submillimeter continuum image of G034.43+00.24MM1 reveals a compact (similar to 0.03 pc) and massive (similar to 29M(circle dot)) structure, while the molecular line spectrum shows emission from numerous complex molecules. Such a rich molecular line spectrum from a compact region indicates that G034.43+00.24 MM1 contains a hot molecular core, an early stage in the formation of a high-mass protostar. Moreover, the velocity structure of its (13)CO (3-2) emission indicates that this B0 protostar may be surrounded by a rotating circumstellar envelope. In contrast, the submillimeter continuum image of G028.53-00.25 MM1 reveals three compact (less than or similar to 0.06 pc), massive (9 -21M(circle dot)) condensations, but there are no lines detected in its spectrum. We suggest that the core G028.53-00.25 MM1 is in a very early stage in the high-mass star formation process; its size and mass are sufficient to form at least one high-mass star, yet it shows no signs of localized heating. Because the combination of high-velocity line wings with a large IR-to-millimeter bolometric luminosity (similar to 10(2) L(circle dot)) indicates that this core has already begun to form accreting protostars, we speculate that the condensations may be in the early phase of accretion and may eventually become high-mass protostars. Therefore, we have found the possible existence of two high-mass star-forming cores: one in a very early phase of star formation and one in the later hot-core phase. Together, the properties of these two cores support the idea that the earliest stages of high-mass star formation occur within IRDCs. C1 [Rathborne, J. M.; Zhang, Q.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jackson, J. M.] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Simon, R.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Rathborne, JM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Mail Stop 42,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jrathborne@cfa.harvard.edu; jackson@bu.edu; qzhang@cfa.harvard.edu; simonr@ph1.uni-koeln.de OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 FU NASA [NNG04GGC92G, 1267945]; INSU/CNRS (France); MPG (Germany); IGN (Spain) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding support through NASA grant NNG04GGC92G. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under NASA contract 1407. Support for this work was provided by NASA through contract 1267945 issued by JPL/Caltech. The JCMT is operated by JAC, Hilo, Hawaii, on behalf of the parent organizations of the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council in the UK, the National Research Council in Canada, and the Scientific Research Organization of the Netherlands. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain). We would like to thank Steven Longmore and Mark Krumholz for useful discussions. The authors would also like to thank the anonymous referee for comments that greatly improved the paper. NR 35 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 2 BP 1141 EP 1149 DI 10.1086/592733 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 376NF UT WOS:000261189600036 ER PT J AU Rowe, JF Matthews, JM Seager, S Miller-Ricci, E Sasselov, D Kuschnig, R Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, SM Walker, GAH Weiss, WW AF Rowe, Jason F. Matthews, Jaymie M. Seager, Sara Miller-Ricci, Eliza Sasselov, Dimitar Kuschnig, Rainer Guenther, David B. Moffat, Anthony F. J. Rucinski, Slavek M. Walker, Gordon A. H. Weiss, Werner W. TI THE VERY LOW ALBEDO OF AN EXTRASOLAR PLANET: MOST(1) SPACE-BASED PHOTOMETRY OF HD 209458 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: individual (HD 209458); techniques: photometric ID GIANT PLANETS; THERMAL EMISSION; HOT JUPITERS; ATMOSPHERES; MODELS; SATELLITE; INVERSION; HD-209458; SPECTRUM; SEARCH AB Measuring the albedo of an extrasolar planet provides insight into its atmospheric composition and its global thermal properties, including heat dissipation and weather patterns. Such a measurement requires very precise photometry of a transiting system, fully sampling many phases of the secondary eclipse. Space-based optical photometry of the transiting system HD 209458 from the MOST (Microvariablity and Oscillations of Stars) satellite, spanning 14 and 44 days in 2004 and 2005, respectively, allows us to set a sensitive limit on the optical eclipse of the hot exosolar giant planet in this system. Our best fit to the observations yields a flux ratio of the planet and star of 7 +/- 9 ppm ( parts per million), which corresponds to a geometric albedo through the MOST bandpass (400-700 nm) of A(g) = 0.038 +/- 0.045. This gives a 1 sigma upper limit of 0.08 for the geometric albedo and a 3 sigma upper limit of 0.17. HD 209458b is significantly less reflective than Jupiter ( for which A(g)would be about 0.5). This low geometric albedo rules out the presence of bright reflective clouds in this exoplanet's atmosphere. We determine refined parameters for the star and exoplanet in the HD 209458 system based on a model fit to the MOST light curve. C1 [Rowe, Jason F.] NASA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Seager, Sara] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02159 USA. [Miller-Ricci, Eliza; Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kuschnig, Rainer; Walker, Gordon A. H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Guenther, David B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Moffat, Anthony F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Rucinski, Slavek M.] Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. [Weiss, Werner W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Rowe, JF (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Pk,Mail Stop 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jasonfrowe@gmail.com FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Austrian Science Promotion Agency (FFG-MOST); Austrian Science Fonds [FWF-P17580] FX The contributions of J.M.M., D. B. G., A. F. J. M., S. M. R., and G. A. H. W. are supported by funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canada. R. K. is funded by the Canadian Space Agency. W. W. W. received financial support from the Austrian Science Promotion Agency (FFG-MOST) and the Austrian Science Fonds (FWF-P17580). NR 33 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 2 BP 1345 EP 1353 DI 10.1086/591835 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 376NF UT WOS:000261189600052 ER PT J AU Lundquist, LL Fisher, GH Metcalf, TR Leka, KD McTiernan, M AF Lundquist, L. L. Fisher, G. H. Metcalf, T. R. Leka, K. D. McTiernan, M. TI FORWARD MODELING OF ACTIVE REGION CORONAL EMISSIONS. II. IMPLICATIONS FOR CORONAL HEATING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: magnetic fields; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID SOFT-X-RAY; POTENTIAL MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SOLAR CORONA; SCALING LAWS; ALFVEN WAVES; FLUX TUBE; LOOPS; ENERGY; TEMPERATURE; HYPOTHESIS AB In Paper I, we introduced and tested a method for predicting solar active region coronal emissions using magnetic field measurements and a chosen heating relationship. Here, we apply this forward-modeling technique to 10 active regions observed with the Mees Solar Observatory Imaging Vector Magnetograph and the Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope. We produce synthetic images of each region using four parameterized heating relationships depending on magnetic field strength and geometry. We find a volumetric coronal heating rate (dE(H)/dV, not to be confused with dE(H)/dA quoted by some authors) proportional to magnetic field and inversely proportional to field-line loop length (BL(-1)) best matches observed coronal emission morphologies. This parameterization is most similar to the steady-state scaling of two proposed heating mechanisms: van Ballegooijen's "current layers'' theory, taken in the AC limit, and Parker's "critical angle'' mechanism, in the case where the angle of misalignment is a twist angle. Although this parameterization best matches the observations, it does not match well enough to make a definitive statement as to the nature of coronal heating. Instead, we conclude that ( 1) the technique requires better magnetic field measurement and extrapolation techniques than currently available, and ( 2) forward-modeling methods that incorporate properties of transiently heated loops are necessary to make a more conclusive statement about coronal heating mechanisms. C1 [Lundquist, L. L.; Fisher, G. H.; McTiernan, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lundquist, L. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Metcalf, T. R.; Leka, K. D.] NW Res Associates Inc, Colorado Res Associates Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Lundquist, LL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM llundquist@cfa.harvard.edu RI Fisher, George/G-1380-2015 OI Fisher, George/0000-0002-6912-5704 FU Graduate Student Research; DoD MURI; NASA through the Heliophysics Supporting Research and Technology Program [NNG05GF65G-3/08]; Theory Program [NNG05G144G-04/08]; Solar, Heliospheric and INterplanetary Environment (SHINE) FX L. L. L. appreciates funding from a NASA Graduate Student Research Program Fellowship and DoD MURI grant "Understanding Magnetic Eruptions on the Sun and Their Interplanetary Consequences.'' G. H. F. was supported by the same DoD MURI grant, and by NASA through the Heliophysics Supporting Research and Technology Program ( award NNG05GF65G-3/08), and through the Theory Program ( award NNG05G144G-04/08). J.M.M. was supported by a grant from the Solar, Heliospheric and INterplanetary Environment ( SHINE) group. We thank W. Abbett, B. Welsch, and D. Bercik for many helpful discussions. NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 2 BP 1388 EP 1405 DI 10.1086/592760 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 376NF UT WOS:000261189600056 ER PT J AU de Jager, OC Slane, PO LaMassa, S AF de Jager, O. C. Slane, P. O. LaMassa, S. TI PROBING THE RADIO TO X-RAY CONNECTION OF THE VELA X PULSAR WIND NEBULA WITH FERMI LAT AND HESS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: theory; ISM: jets and outflows; pulsars: individual (Vela X); radiation mechanisms: nonthermal; supernova remnants ID SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS AB Morphologically, it appears as if the Vela X pulsar wind nebula (PWN) consists of two emission regions: whereas X-ray (similar to 1 keV) and very high energy (VHE) H. E. S. S. g-ray observations appear to define a cocoon-type shape south of the pulsar, radio observations reveal an extended area of size 2 degrees x 3 degrees (including the cocoon area), also south of the Vela pulsar. Since no wide field of view (FoV) observations of the synchrotron emission between radio and X-rays are available, we do not know how the lepton (e(+/-)) spectra of these two components connect or how the morphology changes with energy. Currently, we find that two distinct lepton spectra describe the respective radio and X-ray/VHE gamma-ray spectra, with a field strength of 5 mu G self-consistently describing a radiation spectral break (or energy maximum) in the multi-TeV domain as observed by H. E. S. S. (if interpreted as IC radiation), while predicting the total hard X-ray flux above 20 keV (measured by the wide FoV INTEGRAL instrument) within a factor of 2. If this same field strength is also representative of the radio structure (including filaments), the implied IC component corresponding to the highest radio frequencies should reveal a relatively bright high-energy gamma-ray structure, and Fermi LAT should be able to resolve it. A higher field strength in the filaments would, however, imply fewer leptons in Vela X and hence a fainter Fermi LAT signal. C1 [de Jager, O. C.] North West Univ, Unit Space Phys, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Slane, P. O.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [LaMassa, S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. FU NASA [NAS8-39073] FX P. O. Slane acknowledges support from NASA contract NAS8-39073. The referee is thanked for useful comments. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 2 BP L125 EP L128 DI 10.1086/595959 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398LQ UT WOS:000262734000012 ER PT J AU LaMassa, SM Slane, PO de Jager, OC AF LaMassa, Stephanie M. Slane, Patrick O. de Jager, Okkie C. TI PROBING THE NATURE OF THE VELA X COCOON SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ISM: individual (Vela X); pulsars: general; pulsars: individual (PSR B0833-45); supernova remnants ID PULSAR WIND NEBULAE; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; RAY-EMISSION; JET; DISCOVERY AB Vela X is a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) associated with the active pulsar B0833 -45 and contained within the Vela supernova remnant (SNR). A collimated X-ray filament ("cocoon") extends south-southwest from the pulsar to the center of Vela X. VLA observations uncovered radio emission coincident with the eastern edge of the cocoon, and H. E. S. S. has detected TeV gamma-ray emission from this region as well. Using XMM-Newton archival data, covering the southern portion of this feature, we analyze the X-ray properties of the cocoon. The X-ray data are best fit by an absorbed nonequilibrium plasma model with a power-law component. Our analysis of the thermal emission shows enhanced abundances of O, Ne, and Mg within the cocoon, indicating the presence of ejecta-rich material from the propagation of the SNR reverse shock, consistent with Vela X being a disrupted PWN. We investigate the physical processes that excite the electrons in the PWN to emit in the radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands. The radio and nonthermal X-ray emission can be explained by synchrotron emission. We model the gamma-ray emission by inverse Compton scattering of electrons off of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons. We use a three-component broken power law to model the synchrotron emission, finding an intrinsic break in the electron spectrum at similar to 5 x 10(6) keV and a cooling break at similar to 5.5 x 10(10) keV. This cooling break along with a magnetic field strength of 5 x 10(-6) G indicate that the synchrotron break occurs at similar to 1 keV. C1 [LaMassa, Stephanie M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Slane, Patrick O.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [de Jager, Okkie C.] North West Univ, Unit Space Phys, Potchefstroom, South Africa. RP LaMassa, SM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. FU NASA [NAS8-03060] FX P. O. Slane acknowledges support from NASA contract NAS8-03060. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 2 BP L121 EP L124 DI 10.1086/595958 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398LQ UT WOS:000262734000011 ER PT J AU Phan-Bao, N Riaz, B Lee, CF Tang, YW Ho, PTP Martiin, EL Lim, J Ohashi, N Shang, H AF Phan-Bao, Ngoc Riaz, Basmah Lee, Chin-Fei Tang, Ya-Wen Ho, Paul T. P. Martin, Eduardo L. Lim, Jeremy Ohashi, Nagayoshi Shang, Hsien TI FIRST CONFIRMED DETECTION OF A BIPOLAR MOLECULAR OUTFLOW FROM A YOUNG BROWN DWARF SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ISM: individual (ISO-Oph 102, [GY92] 204); ISM: jets and outflows; stars: formation; stars: low-mass; brown dwarfs; techniques: interferometric ID NEAR-INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; RHO-OPHIUCHI; STAR-FORMATION; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; STELLAR OBJECTS; MASS-LOSS; DISCOVERY; DISKS; CLOUDS AB Studying the earliest stages in the birth of stars is crucial for understanding how they form. Brown dwarfs with masses between that of stars and planets are not massive enough to maintain stable hydrogen-burning fusion reactions during most of their lifetime. Their origins are subject to much debate in recent literature because their masses are far below the typical mass where core collapse is expected to occur. We present the first confirmed evidence that brown dwarfs undergo a phase of molecular outflow that is typical of young stars. Using the Submillimeter Array, we have obtained a map of a bipolar molecular outflow from a young brown dwarf. We estimate an outflow mass of 1.6 x 10(-4) M(circle dot) and a mass-loss rate of 1.4 x 10(-9) M(circle dot) These values are over 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the typical ones for T Tauri stars. From our millimeter continuum data and our own analysis of Spitzer infrared photometry, we estimate that the brown dwarf has a disk with a mass of 8 x 10(-3) M(circle dot) and an outer disk radius of 80 AU. Our results demonstrate that the bipolar molecular outflow operates down to planetary masses, occurring in brown dwarfs as a scaled-down version of the universal process seen in young stars. C1 [Phan-Bao, Ngoc; Lee, Chin-Fei; Tang, Ya-Wen; Ho, Paul T. P.; Lim, Jeremy; Ohashi, Nagayoshi; Shang, Hsien] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Riaz, Basmah; Martin, Eduardo L.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. [Ho, Paul T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Martin, Eduardo L.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Phan-Bao, N (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM pbngoc@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 2 BP L141 EP L144 DI 10.1086/595961 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398LQ UT WOS:000262734000016 ER PT J AU Trac, H Cen, RY Loeb, A AF Trac, Hy Cen, Renyue Loeb, Abraham TI IMPRINT OF INHOMOGENEOUS HYDROGEN REIONIZATION ON THE TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION OF THE INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmology: theory; hydrodynamics; intergalactic medium; large-scale structure of universe; methods: numerical; radiative transfer ID LY-ALPHA FOREST; HALO MASS FUNCTION; EQUATION-OF-STATE; HIGH-REDSHIFT; COSMIC REIONIZATION; Z-SIMILAR-TO-6 QUASARS; DENSITY RELATION; THERMAL HISTORY; POWER SPECTRUM; EVOLUTION AB We study the impact of inhomogeneous hydrogen reionization on the thermal evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM) using hydrodynamic + radiative transfer simulations where reionization is completed either early (z similar to 9) or late (z similar to 6). In general, we find that low-density gas near large-scale overdensities is ionized and heated earlier than gas in the large-scale, underdense voids. Furthermore, at a later time the IGM temperature is inversely related to the reionization redshift because gas that is heated earlier has more time to cool through adiabatic expansion and Compton scattering. Thus, at the end of reionization the median temperature-density relation is an inverted power law with slope gamma - 1 similar to -0.2, in both models. However, at fixed density there is up to order unity scatter in the temperature due to the distribution of reionization redshifts. Because of the complex equation of state, the evolved IGM temperature-density relations for the redshift range 4 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 6 can still have significant curvature and scatter. These features must be taken into account when interpreting the Ly alpha absorption in high-redshift quasar spectra. C1 [Trac, Hy; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cen, Renyue] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Trac, H (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014 OI Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861 FU NASA [NNX08AL43G, NNG06GI09G]; NSF [AST 04-07176]; FQXi; Harvard University FX This work is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AL43G and NNG06GI09G, NSF grant AST 04-07176, FQXi, and Harvard University funds. Computing resources were in part provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. NR 42 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 2 BP L81 EP L84 DI 10.1086/595678 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398LQ UT WOS:000262734000001 ER PT J AU Campbell, B Carter, L Phillips, R Plaut, J Putzig, N Safaeinili, A Seu, R Biccari, D Egan, A Orosei, R AF Campbell, Bruce Carter, Lynn Phillips, Roger Plaut, Jeffrey Putzig, Nathaniel Safaeinili, Ali Seu, Roberto Biccari, Daniela Egan, Anthony Orosei, Roberto TI SHARAD radar sounding of the Vastitas Borealis Formation in Amazonis Planitia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; NORTHERN LOWLANDS; FLOOD LAVAS; MOLA DATA; MARS; VOLCANISM; DEPOSITS; PLAINS; FATE AB Amazonis Planitia has undergone alternating episodes of sedimentary and volcanic infilling, forming an interleaved sequence with an upper surface that is very smooth at the kilometer scale. Earlier work interprets the near-surface materials as either young, rough lava flows or ice-rich sediment layers, overlying a basement comprising the Vastitas Borealis Formation and earlier Hesperian plains. Sounding radar profiles across Amazonis Planitia from the Shallow Radar (SHARAD) instrument on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal a subsurface dielectric interface that increases in depth toward the north along most orbital tracks. The maximum depth of detection is 100-170 m, depending upon the real dielectric permittivity of the materials, but the interface may persist at greater depth to the north if the reflected energy is attenuated below the SHARAD noise floor. The dielectric horizon likely marks the boundary between sedimentary material of the Vastitas Borealis Formation and underlying Hesperian volcanic plains. The SHARAD-detected interface follows the surface topography across at least one of the large wrinkle ridges in north central Amazonis Planitia. This conformality suggests that Vastitas Borealis sediments, at least in this region, were emplaced prior to compressional tectonic deformation. The change in radar echo strength with time delay is consistent with a loss tangent of 0.005-0.012 for the column of material between the surface and the reflector. These values are consistent with dry, moderate-density sediments or the lower end of the range of values measured for basalts. While a component of distributed ice in a higher-loss matrix cannot be ruled out, we do not find evidence for a dielectric horizon within the Vastitas Borealis Formation that might suggest an abrupt change from an upper dry layer to an ice-rich lower deposit. C1 [Campbell, Bruce; Carter, Lynn] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Seu, Roberto; Biccari, Daniela] Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFOCOM, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Phillips, Roger; Putzig, Nathaniel; Egan, Anthony] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Orosei, Roberto] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Plaut, Jeffrey; Safaeinili, Ali] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Campbell, B (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, MRC 315,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM campbellb@si.edu RI Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E12 AR E12010 DI 10.1029/2008JE003177 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 386MI UT WOS:000261886900002 ER PT J AU Mandt, KE de Silva, SL Zimbelman, JR Crown, DA AF Mandt, Kathleen E. de Silva, Shanaka L. Zimbelman, James R. Crown, David A. TI Origin of the Medusae Fossae Formation, Mars: Insights from a synoptic approach SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN GEOLOGIC RECORD; VOLCANIC GEOLOGY; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; ORBITER CAMERA; CENTRAL ANDES; WIND EROSION; REGION; IGNIMBRITES; YARDANGS; CALDERA AB The geologic origin of the Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) has remained a mystery despite three decades of research. To better constrain its formation, an in-depth analysis of observations made in the literature was combined with a new survey of over 700 Mars Orbiter Camera narrow-angle images of the MFF to identify morphologic characteristics and material properties that define this formation as a whole. While previous work has identified clear agreement on some characteristics, our analysis identifies yardangs, collapse features, and layering as pervasive features of the MFF. Whereas collapse features and layering may implicate several different physical and chemical processes, yardangs provide vital information on material properties that inform about mechanical properties of the MFF lithology. Aspect ratios of megayardangs range from 3:1 to 50:1, and slope analyses reveal heights of up to 200 m with cliffs that are almost vertical. Other yardangs show lower aspect ratios and topographic profiles. These characteristics coupled to the presence of serrated margins, suggest that MFF lithology must be of weakly to heavily indurated material that lends itself to jointing. The characteristics and properties of the MFF are inconsistent with those of terrestrial pyroclastic fall deposits or loess, but are in common with large terrestrial ignimbrites, a hypothesis that explains all key observations with a single mechanism. Yardang fields developed in regionally extensive ignimbrite sheets in the central Andes display morphologic characteristics that correlate with degree of induration of the host lithology and suggest an origin by pyroclastic flow for the MFF. C1 [Mandt, Kathleen E.] SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Crown, David A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [de Silva, Shanaka L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zimbelman, James R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mandt, KE (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, 6220 Culebra Rd,PO Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM kathymandt@yahoo.com RI de Silva, Shanaka/A-4630-2011; OI de Silva, Shanaka/0000-0002-0310-5516; Mandt, Kathleen/0000-0001-8397-3315 FU 2006 North Dakota View Consortium Grant; North Dakota NASA Space; Oregon NASA Space; NASA PGG [NNX07AP42G] FX M. acknowledges research support from a 2006 North Dakota View Consortium Grant. S. D. S. thanks North Dakota NASA Space Grant and Oregon NASA Space Grant Consortium for support to conduct some of this work. Portions of this work were supported by NASA PGG grant NNX07AP42G to J.R.Z. for the investigation of MFF. The detailed review by an anonymous reviewer and the editorial handling by Robert Carlson improved the form and content of this paper considerably and are gratefully acknowledged. NR 72 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E12 AR E12011 DI 10.1029/2008JE003076 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 386MI UT WOS:000261886900001 ER PT J AU Ming, DW Gellert, R Morris, RV Arvidson, RE Brukner, J Clark, BC Cohen, BA d'Uston, C Economou, T Fleischer, I Klingelhofer, G McCoy, TJ Mittlefehldt, DW Schmidt, ME Schroder, C Squyres, SW Treguier, E Yen, AS Zipfel, J AF Ming, D. W. Gellert, R. Morris, R. V. Arvidson, R. E. Bruekner, J. Clark, B. C. Cohen, B. A. d'Uston, C. Economou, T. Fleischer, I. Klingelhoefer, G. McCoy, T. J. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Schmidt, M. E. Schroeder, C. Squyres, S. W. Treguier, E. Yen, A. S. Zipfel, J. TI Geochemical properties of rocks and soils in Gusev Crater, Mars: Results of the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer from Cumberland Ridge to Home Plate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES EXPERIMENTS; FLUID INCLUSIONS; SPIRIT ROVER; MINERALOGY; CHEMISTRY; MISSION; DUST AB Geochemical diversity of rocks and soils has been discovered by the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer ( APXS) during Spirit's journey over Husband Hill and down into the Inner Basin from sol 470 to 1368. The APXS continues to operate nominally with no changes in calibration or spectral degradation over the course of the mission. Germanium has been added to the Spirit APXS data set with the confirmation that it occurs at elevated levels in many rocks and soils around Home Plate. Twelve new rock classes and two new soil classes have been identified at the Spirit landing site since sol 470 on the basis of the diversity in APXS geochemistry. The new rock classes are Irvine ( alkaline basalt), Independence ( low Fe outcrop), Descartes ( outcrop similar to Independence with higher Fe and Mn), Algonquin ( mafic-ultramafic igneous sequence), Barnhill ( volcaniclastic sediments enriched in Zn, Cl, and Ge), Fuzzy Smith ( high Si and Ti rock), Elizabeth Mahon ( high Si, Ni, and Zn outcrop and rock), Halley ( hematite-rich outcrop and rock), Montalva ( high K, hematite-rich rock), Everett ( high Mg, magnetite-rich rock), Good Question ( high Si, low Mn rock), and Torquas ( high K, Zn, and Ni magnetite-rich rock). New soil classes are Gertrude Weise ( very high Si soil) and Eileen Dean ( high Mg, magnetite-rich soil). Aqueous processes have played a major role in the formation and alteration of rocks and soils on Husband Hill and in the Inner Basin. C1 [Ming, D. W.; Morris, R. V.; Mittlefehldt, D. W.; Schroeder, C.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Arvidson, R. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bruekner, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Clark, B. C.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Cohen, B. A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [d'Uston, C.; Treguier, E.] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, OMP, F-31028 Toulouse, France. [Economou, T.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Fleischer, I.; Klingelhoefer, G.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [McCoy, T. J.; Schmidt, M. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Yen, A. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zipfel, J.] Forschungsinst, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Zipfel, J.] Nat Museum Senckenberg, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Ming, DW (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM douglas.w.ming@nasa.gov RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; Treguier, Erwan/0000-0002-7347-2805 FU NASA; Canadian Space Agency FX We thank the members of the MER project who enable daily science observations at the Spirit landing site. The work described in this paper was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. D. W. M. and R. V. M. acknowledge support of the NASA Mars Fundamental Research Program and the NASA Johnson Space Center. R. G. acknowledges support from the Canadian Space Agency. C. S. acknowledges support by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Johnson Space Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. We thank David Vaniman and an anonymous reviewer for detailed reviews. NR 44 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 19 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E12 AR E12S39 DI 10.1029/2008JE003195 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 386MH UT WOS:000261886800002 ER PT J AU Parrish, M AF Parrish, Mary TI Spiral Jetta A Road Trip Through the Land Art of the American West SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Parrish, Mary] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Parrish, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM parrishm@si.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 19 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5909 BP 1791 EP 1791 DI 10.1126/science.1168820 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 385FF UT WOS:000261799400037 ER PT J AU Smith, DG AF Smith, David G. TI HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES SO COPEIA LA English DT Editorial Material ID INDO-WEST PACIFIC; DINEMATICHTHYINI TELEOSTEI; BYTHITIDAE C1 Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, MRC 159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, MRC 159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM smithd@si.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 18 PY 2008 IS 4 BP 940 EP 947 DI 10.1643/OT-08-111 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 389AD UT WOS:000262061200027 ER PT J AU Ortega, J Guerrero, JA Maldonado, JE AF Ortega, Jorge Antonio Guerrero, Jose Maldonado, Jesus E. TI AGGRESSION AND TOLERANCE BY DOMINANT MALES OF ARTIBEUS JAMAICENSIS: STRATEGIES TO MAXIMIZE FITNESS IN HAREM GROUPS SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Bat Research Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Merida, MEXICO DE aggression; Artibeus jamaicensis; dominant male; female defense; polygyny; satellite male; shared paternity; subordinate male; tolerance ID FRUIT-EATING BAT; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; PHYLLOSTOMUS-HASTATUS; RECIPROCAL ALTRUISM; DESMODUS-ROTUNDUS; NEOTROPICAL BAT; MATING SYSTEMS; CHIROPTERA; MAINTENANCE; MEXICO AB Strategies of males in harem-forming mammals may change depending on 2 variables, female group size and consequent ability of the harem male to monopolize copulations, and the relative costs and benefits of tolerating I other males. We studied harems of 4-20 females associated with a dominant male in small groups of Artibeus jamaicensis (< 14 females), and with dominant and subordinate males in large groups (> 14 females). Dominant males displayed defensive behavior toward satellite males when they intruded into the roosting site. Small groups received the highest number of visits by satellite males, and dominant males did not display total defense of females. During the breeding season, females roosted in highly compacted clusters and dominant males were more active in their defensive behavior. Subordinate males were generally tolerated in harem groups and their presence reduced the number of adult male visits. Some young in large harem groups were sired by subordinate males, resulting in a genetic benefit for both dominant and subordinate males. Dominant males had the highest fitness in the large harem groups by sharing paternity with related subordinate males and by rejecting unrelated intruders. C1 [Ortega, Jorge] Inst Politecn Nacl, Lab Ictiol & Limnol, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. [Antonio Guerrero, Jose] Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Ciencias Biol, Lab Sistemat & Morfol, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico. [Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Ortega, J (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Lab Ictiol & Limnol, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Prolongac Carpio & Plan Ayala S-N, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. EM artibeus2@aol.com NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 20 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC 16 PY 2008 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1372 EP 1378 DI 10.1644/08-MAMM-S-056.1 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 388KE UT WOS:000262017900005 ER PT J AU Dechmann, DKN Kerth, G AF Dechmann, Dina K. N. Kerth, G. TI MY HOME IS YOUR CASTLE: ROOST MAKING IS SEXUALLY SELECTED IN THE BAT LOPHOSTOMA SILVICOLUM SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Bat Research Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Merida, MEXICO DE extended phenotype; mating system; offspring dispersal; philopatry; reproductive success; resource-defense polygyny; sexual dimorphism; social system ID CYNOPTERUS SPHINX CHIROPTERA; COMMON VAMPIRE BAT; ARTIBEUS-JAMAICENSIS CHIROPTERA; RESOURCE-DEFENSE POLYGYNY; MITE SPINTURNIX-MYOTI; ACTIVE TERMITE NESTS; FRUIT-EATING BAT; ROUND-EARED BAT; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; SIZE DIMORPHISM AB Shelters are important for the Survival and reproduction of many animals and this is particularly true for bats. Depending on the future use and effect of shelters on the fitness of individuals, not all members of a group of animals may contribute equally to shelter making. Thus, knowledge about the identity of shelter-making individuals may teach us much about the social system and mating strategy of species. To exemplify this, we review what is known about the roost-making behavior and the social system of Lophostoma silvicolum, a neotropical bat that excavates roost cavities in active arboreal termite nests. Roosts in termite nests are highly beneficial for the bats because they offer improved microclimate and possibly are responsible for the lower parasite loads of L. silvicolum? in comparison to bat species using other, more common, roost types. Examination of observational field data in combination with genetic analyses shows that roost cavities excavated by single males subsequently serve as maternity roosts for females and that this improves reproductive success of the male who excavated the roost. This suggests that roosts in termite nests serve as an extended male phenotype and roost making is a sexually selected behavior. Roost-making behavior is tightly linked to the species' social organization (single-male-multifemale associations that stay together year-round) and mating system (resource-defense polygyny). The case study of L. silvicolum? shows that it is important to learn more about the implications of shelter making in bats and other animals from ongoing and future studies. However, differences in costs and benefits for each group member must be carefully evaluated before drawing conclusions about social systems and mating strategies in order to contribute to our current knowledge about the evolution of sociality in mammals. C1 [Dechmann, Dina K. N.] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. [Dechmann, Dina K. N.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Kerth, G.] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Dechmann, DKN (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Alfred Kowalke Str 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. EM dechmann@izw-berlin.de RI Dechmann, Dina/A-1827-2010 NR 109 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD DEC 16 PY 2008 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1379 EP 1390 DI 10.1644/08-MAMM-S-061.1 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 388KE UT WOS:000262017900006 ER PT J AU Piperno, DR Dillehay, TD AF Piperno, Dolores R. Dillehay, Tom D. TI Starch grains on human teeth reveal early broad crop diet in northern Peru SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE early diets; South America; food production ID PHASEOLUS-LUNATUS L.; REAL-ALTO SITE; CHLOROPLAST DNA; ORIGIN; ROOT; DOMESTICATION; CULTIVATION; AMERICA; ECUADOR; GOURDS AB Previous research indicates that the Nanchoc Valley in northern Peru was an important locus of early and middle Holocene human settlement, and that between 9200 and 5500 (14)C yr B. P. the valley inhabitants adopted major crop plants such as squash (Cucurbita moschata), peanuts (Arachis sp.), and cotton (Gossypium barbadense). We report here an examination of starch grains preserved in the calculus of human teeth from these sites that provides direct evidence for the early consumption of cultivated squash and peanuts along with two other major food plants not previously detected. Starch from the seeds of Phaseolus and Inga feuillei, the flesh of Cucurbita moschata fruits, and the nuts of Arachis was routinely present on numerous teeth that date to between 8210 and 6970 (14)C yr B. P. Early plant diets appear to have been diverse and stable through time and were rich in cultivated foods typical of later Andean agriculture. Our data provide early archaeological evidence for Phaseolus beans and I. feuillei, an important tree crop, and indicate that effective food production systems that contributed significant dietary inputs were present in the Nanchoc region by 8000 (14)C yr B. P. Starch grain studies of dental remains document plants and edible parts of them not normally preserved in archaeological records and can assume primary roles as direct indicators of ancient human diets and agriculture. C1 [Piperno, Dolores R.] Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Archaeobiol Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Piperno, Dolores R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Dillehay, Tom D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Anthropol, Nashville, TN 37265 USA. [Dillehay, Tom D.] Univ Austral Chile, Dept Anthropol, Valdivia, Chile. RP Piperno, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Archaeobiol Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM pipernod@si.edu FU National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; National Science Foundation; University of Kentucky; Vanderbilt University; Earthwatch, Guggenheim Foundation; National Geographic Society; Fulbright Commission FX This research was supported by the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (Balboa, Panama), National Science Foundation, University of Kentucky, Vanderbilt University, Earthwatch, Guggenheim Foundation, National Geographic Society, and the Fulbright Commission. We thank the Instituto Nacional de Cultura of Peru for permits to carry out the work and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia and David Williams for providing many of the modern Phaseolus and peanut samples, respectively. We are grateful to our colleagues Jack Rossen, John Verano, and Sonia Guillen who provided unpublished data, and Patricia Netherly, Greg Maggard, and Kary Stackelbeck who assisted with the research. We thank three anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 36 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 16 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 50 BP 19622 EP 19627 DI 10.1073/pnas.0808752105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 385GI UT WOS:000261802300012 PM 19066222 ER PT J AU McCoy, KA Hoang, LK Guillette, LJ Mary, CMS AF McCoy, Krista A. Hoang, Loan K. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. Mary, Colette M. St. TI Renal pathologies in giant toads (Bufo marinus) vary with land use SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Anurans; Human land use; Kidney disease; Pollutants; Suburban; Toxins ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CONTAMINANTS; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; WILDLIFE; PESTICIDES; WATER; LESIONS; POLLUTANTS; CHEMICALS; DECLINES; FEATURES AB A variety of human land uses involve the release of toxins into the environment. Wildlife live alongside humans across this array of land uses and thus, are exposed to varying chemical milieus. Kidneys are the principle excretory organs for vertebrates and excessive or chronic exposure to exogenous toxins can lead to renal pathology and renal failure. Although studies have linked chemical exposure to specific renal diseases across diverse taxa, none compare renal lesions occurring in wildlife living in different types of human-modified landscapes. We identify lesions characteristic of renal stress, including toxin exposure, in 82 giant toad (Bufo marinus) males living in habitats ranging from suburban to agricultural. In a previous study [McCoy K.A., Bortnick L.J., Campbell C.M., Hamlin H.J., Guillette L.J., Jr., St. Mary C.M. Agriculture Alters Gonadal Form and Function in Bufo marinus. Environ Health Persp; in press.], these individuals were examined for gonadal abnormalities, which were significantly and positively associated with percentage of agriculture at the collection site. Thus, we hypothesized the same association for renal abnormalities. We scored gross anatomical abnormalities and used light microscopy to identify tubular and interstitial lesions that have been associated with toxicant exposure in other organisms, including humans. Renal lesions indicative of tubular disease were observed at one suburban and two agricultural sites, whereas interstitial lesions were most severe at one agricultural site. Although there was no relationship between frequency of renal disease and proportion of agriculture in the collection vicinity, the renal lesions we identify are consistent with toxin exposure and are similar to those found in human drug abusers and patients suffering medication-induced nephropathy. This is the first study to describe renal lesions in a wild amphibian species and investigate the distribution of renal lesions across human altered landscapes. Indentifying the chemicals inducing renal lesions across these landscapes, their toxicological mechanisms, and their implications on wildlife health will help us devise strategies to mitigate the impacts of toxins on humans and animals living in human-modified environments. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McCoy, Krista A.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.; Mary, Colette M. St.] Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [McCoy, Krista A.; Hoang, Loan K.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.; Mary, Colette M. St.] Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hoang, Loan K.] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP McCoy, KA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM kristam@zoo.ufl.edu NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 407 IS 1 BP 348 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.09.008 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 386IW UT WOS:000261877900036 PM 18947857 ER PT J AU Lotz, JM Jonsson, P Cox, TJ Primack, JR AF Lotz, Jennifer M. Jonsson, Patrik Cox, T. J. Primack, Joel R. TI Galaxy merger morphologies and time-scales from simulations of equal-mass gas-rich disc mergers SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: interactions; galaxies: structure ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MAJOR MERGERS; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DUST ATTENUATION AB A key obstacle to understanding the galaxy merger rate and its role in galaxy evolution is the difficulty in constraining the merger properties and time-scales from instantaneous snapshots of the real Universe. The most common way to identify galaxy mergers is by morphology, yet current theoretical calculations of the time-scales for galaxy disturbances are quite crude. We present a morphological analysis of a large suite of GADGET N-body/hydrodynamical equal-mass gas-rich disc galaxy mergers which have been processed through the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code SUNRISE. With the resulting images, we examine the dependence of quantitative morphology ( G, M(20), C, A) in the SDSS g band on merger stage, dust, viewing angle, orbital parameters, gas properties, supernova feedback and total mass. We find that mergers appear most disturbed in G - M(20) and asymmetry at the first pass and at the final coalescence of their nuclei, but can have normal quantitative morphologies at other merger stages. The merger observability time-scales depend on the method used to identify the merger as well as the gas fraction, pericentric distance and relative orientation of the merging galaxies. Enhanced star formation peaks after and lasts significantly longer than strong morphological disturbances. Despite their massive bulges, the majority of merger remnants appear disc-like and dusty in g-band light because of the presence of a low-mass star-forming disc. C1 [Lotz, Jennifer M.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Jonsson, Patrik; Primack, Joel R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Cox, T. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lotz, JM (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lotz@noao.edu FU NOAO Leo Goldberg Fellowship, NASA [NAG5-11513, HST-AR-9998, HST-AR-10678, HST-AR-10958, NAS5-26555]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Office of Science of the US Department of Energy FX We would like to thank our referee, Chris Conselice, for his helpful comments. JML acknowledges support from the NOAO Leo Goldberg Fellowship, NASA grants NAG5-11513 and HST-AR-9998, and would like to thank P. Madau for support during of this project. PJ was supported by programs HST-AR-10678 and HST-AR-10958, provided by NASA through grants from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555, and by the Spitzer Space Telescope Theoretical Research Programme, through a contract issued by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. TJC was supported by a grant from the W. M. Keck Foundation.This research used computational resources of the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division (NAS) and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy. NR 88 TC 175 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 3 BP 1137 EP 1162 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14004.x PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 377QK UT WOS:000261265500011 ER PT J AU Munoz, JA Loeb, A AF Munoz, Joseph A. Loeb, Abraham TI The density contrast of the Shapley supercluster SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Local Group; large-scale structure of Universe ID DARK-MATTER HALOES; X-RAY; PECULIAR VELOCITY; MASS-DISTRIBUTION; HIGH-REDSHIFT; CLUSTER; FLUCTUATIONS; CONSTRAINTS; DYNAMICS; COLLAPSE AB We calculate the density contrast of the Shapley supercluster (SSC) based on the enhanced abundance of X-ray clusters in it using the extended Press-Schechter formalism. We derive a total SSC mass of M(tot) = (4.4 +/- 0.44) x 10(16) M(circle dot) within a sphere of 50 Mpc centred at a distance of about 160 Mpc. The non-linear fractional density contrast of the sphere is (1 + delta) = 1.76 +/- 0.17 relative to the mean matter density in the Universe, but the contrast increases in the interior of the SSC. Including the cosmological constant, the SSC region is found to be gravitationally unbound. The SSC contributes only a minor portion (9.0 +/- 2.1 per cent) of the peculiar velocity of the Local Group. C1 [Munoz, Joseph A.; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Munoz, JA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 10, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jamunoz@cfa.harvard.edu; aloeb@cfa.harvard.edu RI Munoz, Joseph/A-3336-2013 OI Munoz, Joseph/0000-0003-1588-1296 FU National Science Foundation; NASA [NNX08AL43G]; Harvard University FX We would like to thank C. Jones, K. Masters, R. Narayan and especially A. Vikhlinin for useful discussions. Thanks also to D. Kocevski for his list of X-ray clusters in the SSC. JAM acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. This research was supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AL43G and LA and by Harvard University funds. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 3 BP 1341 EP 1349 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13973.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 377QK UT WOS:000261265500026 ER PT J AU Grillmair, CJ Burrows, A Charbonneau, D Armus, L Stauffer, J Meadows, V van Cleve, J von Braun, K Levine, D AF Grillmair, Carl J. Burrows, Adam Charbonneau, David Armus, Lee Stauffer, John Meadows, Victoria van Cleve, Jeffrey von Braun, Kaspar Levine, Deborah TI Strong water absorption in the dayside emission spectrum of the planet HD189733b SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; EXOPLANET HD 189733B; INFRARED-EMISSION; SPACE-TELESCOPE; LIGHT CURVES; HOT JUPITERS; 209458B; ATMOSPHERE; INVERSION; CONTRAST AB Recent observations of the extrasolar planet HD189733b did not reveal the presence of water in the emission spectrumof the planet(1). Yet models of such 'hot- Jupiter' planets predict an abundance of atmospheric water vapour(2). Validating and constraining these models is crucial to understanding the physics and chemistry of planetary atmospheres in extreme environments. Indications of the presence of water in the atmosphere of HD189733b have recently been found in transmission spectra(3,4), where the planet's atmosphere selectively absorbs the light of the parent star, and in broadband photometry(5). Here we report the detection of strong water absorption in a high- signal- to- noise, mid- infrared emission spectrumof the planet itself. We find both a strong downturn in the flux ratio below 10 mu m and discrete spectral features that are characteristic of strong absorption by water vapour. The differences between these and previous observations are significant and admit the possibility that predicted planetary- scale dynamical weather structures(6) may alter the emission spectrum over time. Models that match the observed spectrum and the broadband photometry suggest that heat redistribution from the dayside to the nightside is weak. Reconciling this with the high nightside temperature(7) will require a better understanding of atmospheric circulation or possible additional energy sources. C1 [Grillmair, Carl J.; Armus, Lee; Stauffer, John; Levine, Deborah] Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Burrows, Adam] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Charbonneau, David] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Meadows, Victoria] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [van Cleve, Jeffrey] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. [von Braun, Kaspar] CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Grillmair, CJ (reprint author), Spitzer Sci Ctr, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM carl@ipac.caltech.edu OI Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X FU NASA [NNGO4GL22G]; JPL/Caltech FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. This study was supported in part by NASA (grant NNGO4GL22G). NR 25 TC 154 Z9 156 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 11 PY 2008 VL 456 IS 7223 BP 767 EP 769 DI 10.1038/nature07574 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 381TX UT WOS:000261559900043 PM 19079054 ER PT J AU Santos, MG Amblard, A Pritchard, J Trac, H Cen, R Cooray, A AF Santos, Mario G. Amblard, Alexandre Pritchard, Jonathan Trac, Hy Cen, Renyue Cooray, Asantha TI COSMIC REIONIZATION AND THE 21 cm SIGNAL: COMPARISON BETWEEN AN ANALYTICAL MODEL AND A SIMULATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: theory; diffuse radiation; large-scale structure of universe ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; CENTIMETER FLUCTUATIONS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PRE-REIONIZATION; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; BUBBLE-GROWTH; COSMOLOGICAL REIONIZATION AB We measure several properties of the reionization process and the corresponding low-frequency 21 cm signal associated with the neutral hydrogen distribution, using a large volume, high-resolution simulation of cosmic reionization. The brightness temperature of the 21 cm signal is derived by postprocessing this numerical simulation with a semianalytical prescription. Our study extends to high redshifts (z similar to 25) where, in addition to collisional coupling, our postprocessed simulations take into account the inhomogeneities in the heating of the neutral gas by X-rays and the effect of an inhomogeneous Ly alpha radiation field. Unlike the well-studied case in which spin temperature is assumed to be significantly greater than the temperature of the cosmic microwave background due to uniform heating of the gas by X-rays, spatial fluctuations in both the Ly alpha radiation field and X-ray intensity affect predictions related to the brightness temperature at z > 10, during the early stages of reionization and gas heating. The statistics of the 21 cm signal from our simulation are then compared to existing analytical models in the literature, and we find that these analytical models provide a reasonably accurate description of the 21 cm power spectrum at z 10. Such an agreement is useful, since analytical models are better suited to quickly explore the full astrophysical and cosmological parameter space relevant for future 21 cm surveys. We find, nevertheless, nonnegligible differences that can be attributed to differences in the inhomogeneous X-ray heating and Ly alpha coupling at z > 10, and, with upcoming interferometric data, these differences in return can provide a way to better understand the astrophysical processes during reionization. C1 [Santos, Mario G.] Inst Super Tecn, CENTRA, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Amblard, Alexandre; Cooray, Asantha] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Pritchard, Jonathan] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Pritchard, Jonathan; Trac, Hy] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Trac, Hy; Cen, Renyue] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Santos, MG (reprint author), Inst Super Tecn, CENTRA, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. RI amblard, alexandre/L-7694-2014; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Santos, Mario/F-2484-2011; OI amblard, alexandre/0000-0002-2212-5395; Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Santos, Mario/0000-0003-3892-3073; Pritchard, Jonathan/0000-0003-4127-5353 NR 86 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1086/592487 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 401GV UT WOS:000262929000001 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PF Cox, TJ Hernquist, L AF Hopkins, Philip F. Cox, Thomas J. Hernquist, Lars TI DISSIPATION AND THE FUNDAMENTAL PLANE: OBSERVATIONAL TESTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology: theory; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: nuclei; quasars: general ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; TO-LIGHT RATIOS; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; CCD SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; DARK-MATTER HALOES; DYNAMICALLY HOT GALAXIES AB We develop observational tests of the idea that dissipation in gas-rich mergers produces the fundamental plane (FP) and related correlations obeyed by ellipticals. The FP "tilt" implies that lower mass ellipticals have a higher ratio of stellar to dark matter within their stellar effective radii. Models argue that mergers between more gas-rich ( typically lower mass) disks yield larger mass fractions formed in compact starbursts, giving a smaller stellar Re and higher M(*)/M(tot) within that R(e). Such starbursts leave a characteristic imprint in the surface brightness profile: a central excess above an outer profile established by the dissipationless violent relaxation of disk stars. In previous work, we developed empirical methods to decompose the observed profiles of ellipticals and robustly estimate the amount of dissipation in the original spheroid-forming merger(s). Applying this to a large sample of observed ellipticals, we test whether or not their location on the FP and its tilt are driven by dissipation. At fixed mass, ellipticals formed in more dissipational events are smaller and have higher M(*)/Mtot. At fixed degree of dissipation, there is no tilt in the FP. We show that the dynamical mass estimator R(e)sigma(2)/G is a good estimator of the true mass: the observed FP tilt cannot primarily owe to other forms of nonhomology. Removing the effects of dissipation, observed ellipticals obey the same FP correlations as disks: unusual progenitors are not required to make typical ellipticals. Dissipation appears to be both necessary and sufficient to explain the FP tilt. C1 [Hopkins, Philip F.; Cox, Thomas J.; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hopkins, PF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NSF [ACI 96-19019, AST 00-71019, AST 02-06299, AST 03-07690]; NASA ATP [NAG5-12140, NAG513292, NAG5-13381]; W. M. Keck Foundation FX We thank John Kormendy, Tod Lauer, and Barry Rothberg for providing observations and suggestions for the content herein, and we thank Brant Robertson, Marijn Franx, and Sandy Faber for helpful discussions throughout the development of this paper. We also thank our referee, Luca Ciotti, for helpful advice on the content and discussion herein. This work was supported in part by NSF grants ACI 96-19019, AST 00-71019, AST 02-06299, and AST 03-07690 and NASA ATP grants NAG5-12140, NAG513292, and NAG5-13381. Support for T. J. C. was provided by the W. M. Keck Foundation. NR 190 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 1 BP 17 EP 48 DI 10.1086/592105 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 401GV UT WOS:000262929000002 ER PT J AU Cranmer, SR AF Cranmer, Steven R. TI TURBULENCE-DRIVEN POLAR WINDS FROM T TAURI STARS ENERGIZED BY MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE accretion, accretion disks; stars: coronae; stars: mass loss; stars: pre-main-sequence; stars: winds, outflows; turbulence ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; X-RAY-EMISSION; CORONAL HEATING MECHANISMS; MAGNETIC NEUTRON-STARS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; RADIATIVE SHOCK-WAVES; BALMER LINE-PROFILES; LOW-FREQUENCY WAVES; SOLAR-LIKE STARS AB Pre-main-sequence stars are observed to be surrounded by both accretion flows and some kind of wind or jet-like outflow. Recent work by Matt and Pudritz has suggested that if classical T Tauri stars exhibit stellar winds with mass-loss rates about 0.1 times their accretion rates, the wind can carry away enough angular momentum to keep the stars from being spun up unrealistically by accretion. This paper presents a preliminary set of theoretical models of accretion-driven winds from the polar regions of T Tauri stars. These models are based on recently published self-consistent simulations of the Sun's coronal heating and wind acceleration. In addition to the convection-driven MHD turbulence (which dominates in the solar case), we add another source of wave energy at the photosphere that is driven by the impact of plasma in neighboring flux tubes undergoing magnetospheric accretion. This added energy, determined quantitatively from the far-field theory of MHD wave generation, is sufficient to produce T Tauri-like mass-loss rates of at least 0.01 times the accretion rate. While still about an order of magnitude below the level required for efficient angular momentum removal, these are the first self-consistent models of T Tauri winds that agree reasonably well with a range of observational mass-loss constraints. The youngest modeled stellar winds are supported by Alfven wave pressure, they have low temperatures ("extended chromospheres"), and they are likely to be unstable to the formation of counterpropagating shocks and clumps far from the star. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cranmer, SR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM scranmer@cfa.harvard.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG04GE77G] FX I gratefully acknowledge Andrea Dupree, Adriaan van Ballegooijen, Nancy Brickhouse, and Eugene Avrett for many valuable discussions. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under grant NNG04GE77G to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 176 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 1 BP 316 EP 334 DI 10.1086/592566 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 401GV UT WOS:000262929000029 ER PT J AU Wood-Vasey, WM Friedman, AS Bloom, JS Hicken, M Modjaz, M Kirshner, RP Starr, DL Blake, CH Falco, EE Szentgyorgyi, AH Challis, P Blondin, S Mandel, KS Rest, A AF Wood-Vasey, W. Michael Friedman, Andrew S. Bloom, Joshua S. Hicken, Malcolm Modjaz, Maryam Kirshner, Robert P. Starr, Dan L. Blake, Cullen H. Falco, Emilio E. Szentgyorgyi, Andrew H. Challis, Peter Blondin, Stephane Mandel, Kaisey S. Rest, Armin TI TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE ARE GOOD STANDARD CANDLES IN THE NEAR INFRARED: EVIDENCE FROM PAIRITEL SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE distance scale; supernovae: general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; DARK ENERGY; HOST GALAXY; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; DISTANCE INDICATORS; PRECISE DISTANCE; LEGACY SURVEY AB We have obtained 1087NIR (JHK(s)) measurements of 21 SNe Ia using PAIRITEL, nearly doubling the number of well-sampled NIR SN Ia light curves. These data strengthen the evidence that SNe Ia are excellent standard candles in the NIR, even without correction for optical light-curve shape. We construct fiducial NIR templates for normal SNe Ia from our sample, excluding only the three known peculiar SNe Ia: SN 2005bl, SN 2005hk, and SN 2005ke. The H-band absolute magnitudes in this sample of 18 SNe Ia have an intrinsic rms of only 0.15 mag with no correction for light-curve shape. We found a relationship between the H-band extinction and optical color excess of A(H) = 0.2E(B - V). This variation is as small as the scatter in distance modulus measurements currently used for cosmology based on optical light curves after corrections for light-curve shape. Combining the homogeneous PAIRITEL measurements with 23 SNe Ia from the literature, these 41 SNe Ia have standard H-band magnitudes with an rms scatter of 0.16 mag. The good match of our sample with the literature sample suggests there are few systematic problems with the photometry. We present a nearby NIR Hubble diagram that shows no correlation of the residuals from the Hubble line with light-curve properties. Future samples that account for optical and NIR light-curve shapes, absorption, spectroscopic variation, or host-galaxy properties may reveal effective ways to improve the use of SNe Ia as distance indicators. Since systematic errors due to dust absorption in optical bands remain the leading difficulty in the cosmological use of supernovae, the good behavior of SN Ia NIR light curves and their relative insensitivity to reddening make these objects attractive candidates for future cosmological work. C1 [Wood-Vasey, W. Michael; Friedman, Andrew S.; Hicken, Malcolm; Kirshner, Robert P.; Blake, Cullen H.; Falco, Emilio E.; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew H.; Challis, Peter; Blondin, Stephane; Mandel, Kaisey S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bloom, Joshua S.; Modjaz, Maryam; Starr, Dan L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rest, Armin] Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Rest, Armin] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wood-Vasey, WM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wmwood-vasey@cfa.harvard.edu; afriedman@cfa.harvard.edu; jbloom@astro.berkeley.edu; mhicken@cfa.harvard.edu; mmodjaz@astro.berkeley.edu; rkirshner@cfa.harvard.edu; dstarr@astro.berkeley.edu; cblake@cfa.harvard.edu; efalco@cfa.harvard.edu; saint@cfa0.cfa.harvard.edu; pchallis@cfa.harvard; sblondin@cfa.harvard.edu; kmandel@cfa.harvard.edu; arest@physics.harvard.edu RI Friedman, Andrew/I-4691-2013 OI Friedman, Andrew/0000-0003-1334-039X FU Harvard University Milton Fund; SAO; University of California, Berkeley; National Aeronomics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG06GH50G]; DOE SciDAC [DE-FC02-06ER41438, DE-FC02-06ER41453]; Sloan Research Fellowship; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST 05-7475, PHY05-51164, AST 06-06772]; Miller Research Fellowship; Harvard Origins of Life Initiative FX We gratefully made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED). This publication makes use of data products from the 2MASS Survey, funded by NASA and the National Science Foundation (NSF). IAUC/CBET were useful. M. W. V. is funded by a grant from the NSF (AST 05-7475). A. S. F. acknowledges support from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and a NASA Graduate Research Program Fellowship. M. M. acknowledges support in part from a Miller Research Fellowship. A. S. F, R. P. K, M. M., and S. B. thank the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, which is supported by the NSF through grant PHY05-51164. The Center for Astrophysics Supernova Program is supported in part by NSF grant AST 06-06772. C. B. acknowledges support from the Harvard Origins of Life Initiative. NR 108 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 1 BP 377 EP 390 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 401GV UT WOS:000262929000034 ER PT J AU Bogdanov, S Grindlay, JE Rybicki, GB AF Bogdanov, Slavko Grindlay, Jonathan E. Rybicki, George B. TI THERMAL X-RAYS FROM MILLISECOND PULSARS: CONSTRAINING THE FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF NEUTRON STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars: general; pulsars: individual (PSR J0030+0451, PSR J2124-3358); stars: neutron; X-rays: stars ID EMISSION; J0437-4715; RADIATION; CHANDRA; 47-TUCANAE; EVOLUTION; LIGHT; BEAMS AB We model the X-ray properties of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) by considering hot-spot emission from a weakly magnetized neutron star (NS) covered by a hydrogen atmosphere. We investigate the limitations of using the thermal X-ray pulse profiles of MSPs to constrain the mass-to-radius (M/R) ratio of the NS. The accuracy is strongly dependent on the viewing angle and magnetic inclination, but is ultimately limited only by photon statistics. We demonstrate that valuable information regarding NSs can be extracted, even from data of fairly limited photon statistics through modeling of archival observations of the nearby isolated PSRs J0030+0451 and J2124-3358. The X-ray emission from these pulsars is consistent with the presence of an atmosphere and a dipolar field configuration. For both MSPs, the favorable geometry allows us to place limits on the allowed M/R of NSs. Assuming 1.4 M(circle dot), the stellar radius is constrained to be R > 9.4 km and R > 7.8 km (68% confidence) for PSRs J0030+0451 and J2124-3358, respectively. We explore the prospects of using future observatories such as Constellation-X and XEUS to conduct X-ray-timing searches for MSPs not detectable at radio wavelengths due to unfavorable viewing geometry. We are also able to place strong constraints on the magnetic field evolution model proposed by Ruderman. The pulse profiles indicate that the magnetic field of an MSP does not have a tendency to align itself with the spin axis or migrate toward one of the spin poles during the low-mass X-ray binary phase. C1 [Bogdanov, Slavko; Grindlay, Jonathan E.; Rybicki, George B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bogdanov, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sbogdanov@cfa.harvard.edu; josh@cfa.harvard.edu OI Bogdanov, Slavko/0000-0002-9870-2742 FU NASA Chandra [G07-8033A]; NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) FX We would like to thank Ramesh Narayan, Bryan Gaensler, Deepto Chakrabarty, Pat Slane, and Alice Harding for numerous useful suggestions. This work was funded in part by NASA Chandra grant G07-8033A. The research presented has made use of the NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS). NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 1 BP 407 EP 415 DI 10.1086/592341 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 401GV UT WOS:000262929000036 ER PT J AU Olson, SL Suarez, W AF Olson, Storrs L. Suarez, William TI A new generic name for the Cuban Bare-legged Owl Gymnoglaux lawrencii Sclater and Salvin SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article C1 [Olson, Storrs L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Bird, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Bird, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 10 PY 2008 IS 1960 BP 67 EP 68 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 382NQ UT WOS:000261613100003 ER PT J AU Mitchell, CPJ Gilmour, CC AF Mitchell, Carl P. J. Gilmour, Cynthia C. TI Methylmercury production in a Chesapeake Bay salt marsh SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MERCURY METHYLATION RATES; ORGANIC-MATTER MINERALIZATION; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; SULFATE-REDUCTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS; REDUCING BACTERIA; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; PATUXENT RIVER AB In a detailed study of the biogeochemical factors affecting the methylation of mercury in a Chesapeake Bay salt marsh, we examined relationships between mercury methylation and numerous variables, including sulfate reduction rates, organic carbon mineralization rates, iron and sulfur chemistry, and the character of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Our data show that salt marshes are important sites of de novo methylmercury (MeHg) production in coastal ecosystems. Some of the controls on MeHg production that have been well-described in other ecosystems also impacted MeHg production in this salt marsh, specifically the effect of sulfide accumulation on mercury bioavailability. We observed some novel biogeochemical relationships with Hg(II)-methylation and MeHg accumulation, particularly the positive association of Hg(II)-methylation with zones of microbial iron reduction. On the basis of this relationship, we suggest caution in wetland and groundwater remediation approaches involving iron additions. Aqueous phase Hg complexation appeared to be the dominant control on Hg bioavailability across the marsh sites examined, rather than Hg partitioning behavior. A detailed examination of DOM character in the marsh suggested a strong positive association between Hg(II)-methylation rate constants and increasing DOM molecular weight. Overall, our results indicate that net MeHg production is controlled by a balance between microbial activity and geochemical effects on mercury bioavailability, but that a significant zone of MeHg production can persist in near surface salt marsh soils. Production of MeHg in coastal marshes may negatively impact ecosystems via export to adjacent estuaries or through direct bioaccumulation in birds, fish and amphibians that feed in these highly productive ecosystems. C1 [Mitchell, Carl P. J.] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Mitchell, Carl P. J.; Gilmour, Cynthia C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Mitchell, CPJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, 1265 Mil Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. EM carl.mitchell@utoronto.ca RI Mitchell, Carl/A-7212-2008; Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010 OI Mitchell, Carl/0000-0001-8538-5138; Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498 FU Maryland Department of Natural Resources; National Science Foundation [OCE-0351050]; Smithsonian Institution FX Georgia Riedel, Tyler Bell, and Peter Minchella provided field and laboratory support. Pat Neale and Maria Tzortziou provided assistance with spectrophotometric absorbance measurements, and Ken Mopper provided an advanced copy of the Helms et al. [2008] paper on SR and molecular weight. Joe Miklas provided assistance with DOC and ion analysis. Pat Megonigal provided critical background information on Kirkpatrick Marsh chemistry and ecology. Comments from three anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor improved the clarity of this paper. Funding for this project was provided through the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, the National Science Foundation (OCE-0351050 to R. Mason and C. Gilmour; and the SERC Research Experience for Undergraduates program), and the Smithsonian Institution through a postdoctoral fellowship to C. P. J. M. NR 78 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 10 U2 65 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 9 PY 2008 VL 113 AR G00C04 DI 10.1029/2008JG000765 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 383KK UT WOS:000261672300001 ER PT J AU Wright, SJ Trakhtenbrot, A Bohrer, G Detto, M Katul, GG Horvitz, N Muller-Landau, HC Jones, FA Nathan, R AF Wright, S. Joseph Trakhtenbrot, Ana Bohrer, Gil Detto, Matteo Katul, Gabriel G. Horvitz, Nir Muller-Landau, Helene C. Jones, Frank A. Nathan, Ran TI Understanding strategies for seed dispersal by wind under contrasting atmospheric conditions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE atmospheric turbulence; conditional seed release; Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian closure (CELC) model; long distance dispersal; tropical forest ID LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; TREE SEEDS; PLUMED SEEDS; CANOPY; FOREST; RECRUITMENT; ECOLOGY; MODEL AB Traits associated with seed dispersal vary tremendously among sympatric wind-dispersed plants. We used two contrasting tropical tree species, seed traps, micrometeorology, and a mechanistic model to evaluate how variation in four key traits affects seed dispersal by wind. The conceptual framework of movement ecology, wherein external factors (wind) interact with internal factors (plant traits) that enable movement and determine when and where movement occurs, fully captures the variable inputs and outputs of wind dispersal models and informs their interpretation. We used model calculations to evaluate the spatial pattern of dispersed seeds for the 16 factorial combinations of four traits. The study species differed dramatically in traits related to the timing of seed release, and a strong species by season interaction affected most aspects of the spatial pattern of dispersed seeds. A rich interplay among plant traits and seasonal differences in atmospheric conditions caused this interaction. Several of the same plant traits are crucial for both seed dispersal and other aspects of life history variation. Observed traits that limit dispersal are likely to be constrained by their life history consequences. C1 [Wright, S. Joseph; Muller-Landau, Helene C.; Jones, Frank A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Trakhtenbrot, Ana; Horvitz, Nir; Nathan, Ran] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Evolut Systemat & Ecol, Movement Ecol Lab, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Bohrer, Gil] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Detto, Matteo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Katul, Gabriel G.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Muller-Landau, Helene C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Wright, SJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM wrightj@si.edu RI Jones, Andy/C-3460-2009; Bohrer, Gil/A-9731-2008; Nathan, Ran/A-9380-2008; Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0453665, 0453445, 0453296]; Harvard University; HSBC; Smithsonian Tupper; Israel Science Foundation [ISF-FIRST 1316/ 15]; US -Israel Binational Science Foundation [BSF 124/2004]; Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Award; Humboldt Foundation FX We thank O Altstein, DBrassfield, OCalderon, S Paton, P Ramos, and R Rios for assistance. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0453665, 0453445 and 0453296 (to R. N., S. J. W., H. C. M. and R. Avissar), a Harvard University Center for the Environment John and Elaine French fellowship (to G. B.), a Packard fellowship (to H. C. M. and F. A. J.), the HSBC Climate Partnership (H. C. M.), a Smithsonian Tupper postdoctoral fellowship (F. A. J.), and Israel Science Foundation Grant ISF-FIRST 1316/ 15, US -Israel Binational Science Foundation Grant BSF 124/2004, and the Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Award, Humboldt Foundation (to R. N.). NR 34 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 8 U2 46 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 9 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 49 BP 19084 EP 19089 DI 10.1073/pnas.0802697105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 383XB UT WOS:000261706600014 PM 19060189 ER PT J AU Jones, FA Comita, LS AF Jones, F. A. Comita, L. S. TI Neighbourhood density and genetic relatedness interact to determine fruit set and abortion rates in a continuous tropical tree population SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE positive density dependence; Jacaranda copaia; Barro Colorado Island; forest fragmentation; spatial genetic structure; pollen limitation ID JACARANDA-COPAIA BIGNONIACEAE; RAIN-FOREST TREES; NEOTROPICAL TREE; POLLEN-LIMITATION; SEED SET; DEPENDENT RECRUITMENT; PLANT REPRODUCTION; DISPERSAL; SIZE; DISTANCE AB Tropical trees may show positive density dependence in fruit set and maturation due to pollen limitation in low-density populations. However, pollen from closely related individuals in the local neighbourhood might reduce fruit set or increase fruit abortion in self-incompatible tree species. We investigated the role of neighbourhood density and genetic relatedness on individual fruit set and abortion in the neotropical tree Jacaranda copaia in a large forest plot in central Panama. Using nested neighbourhood models, we found a strong positive effect of increased conspecific density on fruit set and maturation. However, high neighbourhood genetic relatedness interacted with density to reduce total fruit set and increase the proportion of aborted fruit. Our results imply a fitness advantage for individuals growing in high densities as measured by fruit set, but realized fruit set is lowered by increased neighbourhood relatedness. We hypothesize that the mechanism involved is increased visitation by density-dependent invertebrate pollinators in high-density populations, which increases pollen quantity and carry-over and increases fruit set and maturation, coupled with self-incompatibility at early and late stages due to biparental inbreeding that lowers fruit set and increases fruit abortion. Implications for the reproductive ecology and conservation of tropical tree communities in continuous and fragmented habitats are discussed. C1 [Jones, F. A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Jones, F. A.; Comita, L. S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jones, FA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM jonesf@si.edu RI Jones, Andy/C-3460-2009; OI Comita, Liza/0000-0002-9169-1331 FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI); NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; University of Georgia Presidential Graduate Fellowship; NSF DEB [021104, 021115, 0212284, 0212818, OISE 0314581]; STRI Soils Initiative; Center for Tropical Forest Science; National Science Foundation [DEB 0129874, 6085124, 043665] FX We thank P. Jansen, R. Spigler, M. Uriarte, R. Cipriani and two anonymous reviewers for their comments that improved earlier versions of the manuscript. F.A.J. was supported by a Tupper postdoctoral fellowship from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI). L. S. C. acknowledges support from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and a University of Georgia Presidential Graduate Fellowship. We thank E. Manzane, D. Ibarra, P. Ramos, E. Sanchez, W. Miles and B. D. Hardesty for their assistance in the field. Finally, we thank STRI, S. Hubbell, R. Foster, R. Condit, S. J. Wright, S. Paton and the Terrestrial Environmental Sciences Programme of the Smithsonian Institution for access to FDP data. Soil nutrient data were provided by J. Dalling, R. John, K. Harms, R. Stallard and J. Yavitt and were funded by NSF DEB 021104, 021115, 0212284, 0212818, OISE 0314581, STRI Soils Initiative and the Center for Tropical Forest Science. Thanks to P. Segre and J. Di Trani for their assistance in collecting soil data. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB 0129874, 608512 and 043665). NR 62 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 7 PY 2008 VL 275 IS 1652 BP 2759 EP 2767 DI 10.1098/rspb.2008.0894 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 363JZ UT WOS:000260264900014 PM 18713714 ER PT J AU Russell, P Thomas, N Byrne, S Herkenhoff, K Fishbaugh, K Bridges, N Okubo, C Milazzo, M Daubar, I Hansen, C McEwen, A AF Russell, Patrick Thomas, Nicolas Byrne, Shane Herkenhoff, Kenneth Fishbaugh, Kathryn Bridges, Nathan Okubo, Chris Milazzo, Moses Daubar, Ingrid Hansen, Candice McEwen, Alfred TI Seasonally active frost-dust avalanches on a north polar scarp of Mars captured by HiRISE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REGION AB North-polar temporal monitoring by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) orbiting Mars has discovered new, dramatic examples that Mars' CO2-dominated seasonal volatile cycle is not limited to quiet deposition and sublimation of frost. In early northern martian spring, 2008, HiRISE captured several cases of CO2 frost and dust cascading down a steep, polar scarp in discrete clouds. Analysis of morphology and process reveals these events to be similar to terrestrial powder avalanches, sluffs, and falls of loose, dry snow. Potential material sources and initiating mechanisms are discussed in the context of the Martian polar spring environment and of additional, active, aeolian processes observed on the plateau above the scarp. The scarp events are identified as a trigger for mass wasting of bright, fractured layers within the basal unit, and may indirectly influence the retreat rate of steep polar scarps in competing ways. Citation: Russell, P., et al. (2008), Seasonally active frost-dust avalanches on a north polar scarp of Mars captured by HiRISE, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L23204, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035790. C1 [Russell, Patrick; Thomas, Nicolas] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Dept Space Res & Planetary Sci, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Bridges, Nathan; Hansen, Candice] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Daubar, Ingrid; McEwen, Alfred] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, HiRISE Operat Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fishbaugh, Kathryn] Smithsonian Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Herkenhoff, Kenneth; Okubo, Chris; Milazzo, Moses] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Russell, P (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Dept Space Res & Planetary Sci, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM patrick.russell@space.unibe.ch; nicolas.thomas@space.unibe.ch; shane@lpl.arizona.edu; kherkenhoff@usgs.gov; fishbaughke@si.edu; nathan.t.bridges@jpl.nasa.gov; cokubo@usgs.gov; moses@usgs.gov; ingrid@pirl.lpl.arizona.edu; candice.j.hansen@jpl.nasa.gov; mcewen@pirl.lpl.arizona.edu RI Byrne, Shane/B-8104-2012; Daubar, Ingrid/N-1408-2013 FU Swiss National Science Foundation FX Thank you to P. Thomas and M. Koutnik for helpful reviews, the HiRISE and HiROC teams for help and discussions, and Sarah Mattson for jitter analysis. This work was supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 23 AR L23204 DI 10.1029/2008GL035790 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 380NA UT WOS:000261471200004 ER PT J AU Baron-Szabo, RC AF Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie C. TI Corals of the K/T-boundary: Scleractinian corals of the suborders Dendrophylliina, Caryophylliina, Fungiina, Microsolenina, and Stylinina SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE Maastrichtian; Paleocene; taxonomy; survivorship; stratigraphical and geographical distribution ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; CARIBBEAN REEF CORALS; MEXICO; PALEOCENE; RECOVERY; PALEOECOLOGY; ALABAMA; SYSTEMS; GENERA; SPAIN AB This study is the second of two parts of a taxonomic review of the scleractinian corals of the Maastrichtian and Paleocene periods. The first part (Baron-Szabo, 2006) focused on the scleractinian suborders Astrocoeniina, Faviina, Rhipidogyrina, and Amphiastraeina. The second part deals with the remaining five suborders: Dendrophylliina, Caryophylliina, Fungiina, Microsolenina, and Stylinina. The two parts together represent the first extensive compilation of coral species of the K/T-(Cretaceous/Tertiary) boundary, and deal with more than 2500 records of 550 nominal taxa, of which 259, belonging to 149 genera (including Lazarus taxa=taxa that disappeared before the Maastrichtian and re-occurred after the Paleocene) are considered valid. In the five suborders evaluated in this paper, 136 valid species (including in an addendum 3 taxa belonging to the suborders of the first part) of 81 genera can be reliably documented as occurring in the Maastrichtian and/or the Paleocene. For the following taxa, new combinations are proposed: Palaeopsammia collignoni (Alloiteau, 1958), Palaeopsammia zitteli (Vaughan, 1900) non Wanner, 1902, Bathycyathus corneti (Alloiteau & Tissier, 1958), Bathycyathus lloydi (Vaughan, 1920), Bathycyathus piveteaui (Alloiteau & Tissier, 1958), Trochocyathus speciosus (Gabb & Horn, 1860), Deltocyathus cupuliformis (Alloiteau, 1951), Asterosmilia alloiteaui (Alloiteau & Tissier, 1958), Dasmosmilia kochii (Pratz, 1910), Desmophyllum excavatum (Hagenow, 1839), Smilotrochus cornucopiae (Duncan, 1869), Smilotrochus milneri (Gregory, 1898), Alveolocyathus felixi (Filkorn, 1994), Pleurocora arachnoides (Knorr & Walch, 1777), Meandrophyllia textilis (Goldfuss, 1826), Meandrophyllia velamentosa (Goldfuss, 1826), Cyathoseris catadupensis (Vaughan, 1899), Heterogyra murchisoni (d'Archiac & Haime, 1853), Pattalophyllia grumi (Catullo, 1852), Stephanophyllia cribraria (Stephenson, 1916), Siderofungia morloti (Reuss, 1864), Hindeastraea garloica (Tchechmedjieva, 1975), Aspidastraea clathrata (Goldfuss, 1826), Paracycloseris nariensis (Duncan, 1880), Fungiastraea flexuosa (Goldfuss, 1826), Ellipsocoenia conferta (Umbgrove, 1925), Baryphyllia maxima (Umbgrove, 1925), Tubicora aylmeri (Gregory, 1900), Phacellocoenia thomkai (Eliasova, 1991), and Euphyllia calyculata (Catullo, 1852). One species is newly described: Polyphylloseris microkothos n.sp.. In addition to the re-examination and re-evaluation of described forms, this study also includes the first description of the largest Maastrichtian coral assemblage known (consisting of about 4000 specimens from Jamaica), as well as new material from the Campanian-Maastrichtian of Argentina, Lower Maastrichtian of Mexico (Cerralvo), and the Paleocene of Austria (Kambuhel-Kalke). Furthermore, lost or "forgotten "coral collections were discovered and illustrated for the first time, including the type and original material of d'Achiardi (1875, Eocene of Italy), Wanner (1902, Maastrichtian-Danian of Egypt), Berryhill, in Berryhill et al. (1960, Danian of Puerto Rico), and Schlotheim (1820, Mesozoic-Recent). A diagnosis is provided for each species, as well as for each higher level taxonomic category, and issues concerning new taxonomic assignments are discussed in detail. The descriptions are accompanied by illustrations of representatives of each species, and in many cases, include illustrations of type or original material. Also included is the first comprehensive overview of the stratigraphical and geographical ranges of each taxon. The largest number of species occurring at the K/T-boundary ae in the suborders Faviina (79), Fungiina (51), and Caryophylliina (41). In all of the nine suborders 259 valid species are known from the Maastrichtian and/or Paleocene, of which 204 occurred before the K/T-event and 106 species (52 %) crossed the K/T boundary. In the Paleocene 55 new species appeared. While species of all suborders crossed the K/T-boundary, no new species of the suborders Rhipidogyrina, Amphiastraeina, and Microsolenina appeared in the Paleocene. On the genus level 96 of the 131 genera (= 73.3%) that occurred before the K/T-event crossed the K/T-boundary. Thirty-five genera went extinct and 18 genera have their first occurrence in the Paleocene. A generic extinction rate of 26.7% across the K/T-boundary, as estimated here, is considerably less than the rates of around 60% previously stated, but is quite similar to recently reported results for other macroinvertebrate groups after taxonomic revision (e.g., echinoids). C1 [Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie C.] Senckenberg Res Inst, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Baron-Szabo, RC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, W-329,MRC-163,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Rosemarie.Baron-Szabo@senckenberg.de NR 385 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 5 PY 2008 IS 1952 BP 1 EP 242 PG 242 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 380GT UT WOS:000261454900001 ER PT J AU Kiel, S Campbell, KA Elder, WP Little, CTS AF Kiel, Steffen Campbell, Kathleen A. Elder, William P. Little, Crispin T. S. TI Jurassic and Cretaceous gastropods from hydrocarbon seeps in forearc basin and accretionary prism settings, California SO ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA LA English DT Review DE Gastropoda; hydrocarbon seeps; deep-water; Great Valley Group; Franciscan Complex; California ID GREAT VALLEY SEQUENCE; MESOZOIC CONVERGENT MARGIN; OLYMPIC SUBDUCTION COMPLEX; 2 MARINE GASTROPODS; FISSION-TRACK AGES; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; WASHINGTON-STATE; PHENOTYPIC DIFFERENTIATION; ABYSSOCHRYSOS GASTROPODA AB Fourteen gastropod species from 16 Mesozoic hydrocarbon seep carbonate deposits of the Great Valley Group and Franciscan Complex in California are described. Two genera are new: Bathypurpurinopsis has a fusiform shell with a siphonal fold, and variable Paskentana has turbiniform or littoriniform shells with spiral and/or scaly sculpture and convex or shouldered whorls. Due to the lack of data on shell microstructure and protoconch morphology, many of our taxonomic assignments have to remain tentative at present. Species that are described as new include: Hokkaidoconcha bilirata, H. morenoensis, H. tehamaensis (Hokkaidoconchidae). Abyssochrysos? giganteum (Abyssochrysidae?), Paskentana globosa, P. berryessaensis. and Bathypurpurinopsis stantoni (Abyssochrysoidea, family uncertain). The total fauna represents a mixed bag of taxa that were: (i) widely distributed during the late Mesozoic (Amberleya); (ii) restricted to late Mesozoic seep carbonates in California (Atresius, Bathypurpurinopsis, Paskentana); and (iii) members of seep/deep-sea groups with a long stratigraphic range (abyssochrysids, hokkaidoconchids). C1 [Kiel, Steffen] Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Kiel, Steffen] Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Campbell, Kathleen A.] Univ Auckland, Sch Geog Geol & Environm Sci, Geol Programme, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Campbell, Kathleen A.; Elder, William P.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Little, Crispin T. S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Kiel, S (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch, Meyn Str 10, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. EM steffen.kiel@gntr.de; ka.campbell@auckland.ac.nz; chronovision@comcast.net; c.little@earth.leeds.ac.uk RI Kiel, Steffen/C-3150-2009; OI Kiel, Steffen/0000-0001-6281-100X; Little, Crispin/0000-0002-1917-4460; Campbell, Kathleen/0000-0002-4815-2519 FU Petroleum Research Fund (American Chemical Society); U.S. National Research Council (administered by NASA Ames Research Center); Geology Programme and Research Committee of the University of Auckland; Walcott fellowship of the Smithsonian Natural History Museum; European Commission FX We thank Jean DeMouthe and the staff of the California Academy of Sciences, Invertebrate Zoology & Geology section (San Francisco, USA), David Haasl. Carole S. Hickman, and Mark Goodwin (Museum of Paleontology. University of California, Berkeley, USA), Lindsey Groves (Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles, USA), Warren Blow (deceased), Jann Thompson, and Scott Whittaker (USNM, Washington DC, USA), and Louise Cotterall (University of Auckland, New Zealand) for technical and logistical support. Field assistance, stimulating discussion, hard-to-obtain literature. and valuable comments and opinions were provided by Andrea C. Alfaro (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand), Klaus Bandel and Marlis Becker (University of Hamburg, Germany), Alan G. Ben and James S. Crampton (GNS, Avalon, New Zealand). Dean A. Enderlin (Calistoga. USA), Jack D. Farmer (Arizona State University, Tempe, USA). James L. Goedert (Wauna, USA), Murray R. Gregory and Neville Hudson (University of Auckland, New Zealand), Andrzej Kaim (Institute of Paleobiology PAS, Warsaw, Poland), Bob J. McLaughlin (Menlo Park. USA), Elizabeth A. Nesbitt (Burke Museum, Seattle. USA). Alex Niitzel (Bayerische Staatssammlung, Munchen, Germany), LouElla R. Saul (Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles, USA). Richard L. Squires (California State University, Northridge, USA), and Steve Trace (London, UK), which is gratefully acknowledged. LouElla Saul (Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles, USA) and Anders Waren (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm. Sweden) provided helpful reviews. Funding for field work was granted to KAC by the Petroleum Research Fund (American Chemical Society) and the U.S. National Research Council (administered by NASA Ames Research Center). Manuscript preparation by KAC was supported by the Geology Programme and Research Committee of the University of Auckland. SK was supported by a Walcott fellowship of the Smithsonian Natural History Museum and by a Marie Curie fellowship of the European Commission. NR 154 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST PALEOBIOLOGII PAN PI WARSAW PA UL TWARDA 51/55, 00-818 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0567-7920 J9 ACTA PALAEONTOL POL JI Acta Palaeontol. Pol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 53 IS 4 BP 679 EP 703 DI 10.4202/app.2008.0412 PG 25 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 391VZ UT WOS:000262263600012 ER PT J AU Rice, RA AF Rice, Robert A. TI Agricultural intensification within agroforestry: The case of coffee and wood products SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; shade coffee; Peru; Guatemala; fuelwood; lumber; intensification ID SHADE-COFFEE; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; PLANTED SHADE; COSTA-RICA; MEXICO; PLANTATIONS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; CHIAPAS; AGROECOSYSTEMS AB Compared to the environmental and conservation value as refuges for biodiversity, less is known about the social and economic value of shaded coffee systems. The agroforestry system can serve as a source of non-coffee products for diverse purposes. This study focuses on the role of shade trees in smallholder coffee farms, examining the wood products derived from the shaded coffee system. Data presented from surveys with 185 growers in Peru and 153 growers in Guatemala show that the consumption and sale of all non-coffee products account for a fifth to a third of the total value realized from the agroforestry system. Fuelwood and construction materials account for much of this value. Differences seen between countries can be traced to agricultural intensification - the degree to which the coffee agroforestry system is "technified" (i.e., managed with a reduced shade tree cover and diversity, high-yielding cultivars, agrochemical inputs, etc.) - as well as the relative demand for wood resources and farmers' access to natural forest systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Conservat Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Rice, RA (reprint author), Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Conservat Res Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM ricer@si.edu FU Winrock International FX I am grateful to the Winrock International staff in Peru for grant funds used in this project, as well as Gerardo Medina and Victor Guzman for their help in data collection. In Guatemala, the work of Rony Mejia and Erika Curley proved indispensable. I thank the two reviewers for their suggestions, as well as the editor of AGEE. Any errors found herein are my own. NR 42 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 128 IS 4 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.007 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 351HI UT WOS:000259414900002 ER PT J AU Cochrane, MA Laurance, WF AF Cochrane, Mark A. Laurance, William F. TI Synergisms among Fire, Land Use, and Climate Change in the Amazon SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID RAIN-FOREST FRAGMENTATION; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; TROPICAL FORESTS; EASTERN AMAZON; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; POSITIVE FEEDBACKS; NATURAL-RESOURCE; REGIONAL CLIMATE; GCM SIMULATION; DEFORESTATION AB The Amazon is being rapidly transformed by fire. Logging and forest fragmentation sharply elevate fire incidence by increasing forest desiccation and fuel loads, and forests that have experienced a low-intensity surface fire are vulnerable to far more catastrophic fires. Satellites typically detect thermal signatures from 40 000 to 50 000 separate fires in the Amazon each year, and this number could increase as new highways and infrastructure expand across the basin. Many are concerned that large-scale deforestation, by reducing regional evapo-transpiration and creating moisture-trapping smoke plumes, will make the basin increasingly vulnerable to fire. The Amazon may also be affected by future global warming and atmospheric changes, although much remains uncertain. Most models suggest the basin will become warmer throughout this century, although there is no consensus about how precipitation will be affected. The most alarming scenarios project a permanent disruption of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, leading to greatly increased drought or destructive synergisms between regional and global climate change in the Amazon. C1 [Cochrane, Mark A.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence GIScCE, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Laurance, William F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Cochrane, MA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence GIScCE, 1021 Medary Ave,Wecota Hall,Box 506B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM mark.cochrane@sdstate.edu; laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 87 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 EI 1654-7209 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 7-8 SI SI BP 522 EP 527 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GU UT WOS:000262292000002 PM 19205173 ER PT J AU Herrera, FA Jaramillo, CA Dilcher, DL Wing, SL Gomez-N, C AF Herrera, Fabiany A. Jaramillo, Carlos A. Dilcher, David L. Wing, Scott L. Gomez-N, Carolina TI FOSSIL ARACEAE FROM A PALEOCENE NEOTROPICAL RAINFOREST IN COLOMBIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Anthurium; Araceae; Colombia; fossils; monocotyledons; Montrichardia; Palcocene; systematics ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CERREJON FORMATION; ANTHURIUM ARACEAE; FLOWERING PLANTS; MIDDLE EOCENE; LEAF REMAINS; MONOCOT; CLASSIFICATION; ANGIOSPERMS; PHYLOGENY AB Both the fossil record and molecular data support a long evolutionary history for the Araceae. Although the family is diverse in tropical America today, most araceous fossils, however have been recorded from middle and high latitudes. Here, we report fossil leaves of Araceae from the middle-late Paleocene of northern Colombia, and review fossil araceous pollen grains from the same interval. Two of the fossil leaf species are placed in the new fossil morphogenus Petrocardium Herrera, Jaramillo. Dilcher, Wing et Gomez-N gen. nov.: these fossils are very similar in leaf morphology to extant Anthurium: however their relationship to the genus is still unresolved. A third fossil leaf from Cerrejon is recognized as a species of the extant genus Montrichardia, the first fossil record for this genus. These fossils inhabited a coastal rainforest similar to 60-58 million years ago with broadly similar habitat preference to modern Araceae. C1 [Herrera, Fabiany A.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Gomez-N, Carolina] CTPA, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Herrera, Fabiany A.; Dilcher, David L.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Herrera, Fabiany A.; Dilcher, David L.] Univ Florida, Dept Geol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wing, Scott L.] Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC USA. RP Herrera, FA (reprint author), CTPA, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. EM fherrera@flmnh.ufl.edu OI Wing, Scott/0000-0002-2954-8905 FU University of Florida; Smithsonian Paleobiology Endowment; NSF [DEB-0733725, DEB-0090283] FX This research was supported by grants from Carbones del Cerrejon and a graduate research fellowship of the University of Florida to F.H., Smithsonian Paleobiology Endowment Fund and the Unrestricted Endowments SI Grants to C.J. and S.W.. NSF grant DEB-0733725 to C.J.. NSF Deep Time grant DEB-0090283 to D.L.D.. the Banco de la Republica de Colombia to C.J.. The Explorers Club to F.H. and C.G.. and the Colombian Petroleum Institute and ARES to C.J. The authors thank F. Chavez. G. Hernandez. C. Montes. M. Carvalho. A. Rincon. the geology team at the Cerrejon mine, and J. Bloch for help during field trips: D. Nicolson for help at the National Herbarium: and S. Yankowski for assistance clearing, the extant Montrichardia leaf. S. Whittaker and A. O'Dea assisted with photography of the fossils. They also thank J. Bogner, T. Croat. R. Keating, and M. Mora for helpful discussions about the systematics of the fossils, S Manchester and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript: and G. Bedoya for nomenclatural suggestions. F.H. thanks B. Himschoot. M. Barreto. C. Looy. the Spence family. and friends for support. NR 69 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 95 IS 12 BP 1569 EP 1583 DI 10.3732/ajb.0800172 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 384QP UT WOS:000261759600009 PM 21628164 ER PT J AU Urashima, T Komoda, M Asakuma, S Uemura, Y Fukuda, K Saito, T Oftedal, OT AF Urashima, Tadasu Komoda, Miki Asakuma, Sadaki Uemura, Yusuke Fukuda, Kenji Saito, Tadao Oftedal, Olav T. TI Structural determination of the oligosaccharides in the milk of a giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridatyla) SO ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Afrotheria; giant anteater; milk oligosaccharides; Myrmecophaga tridatyla; N-glycolylneuraminic acid ID CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MARSUPIAL-MILK; PLACENTAL MAMMALS; COLOSTRUM; LACTATION; ORIGIN; TRISACCHARIDES; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; C-13-NMR AB There appears to be strong evidence supporting four major clades of placental mammals: (i) Afrotheria; (ii) Xenarthea; (iii) Euarchontoglires; and (iv) Laurasiathera. This is the first study in which the carbohydrates have been analyzed in the milks of Xenarthea. Our aim was to clarify whether the saccharides of giant anteater milk resemble those of other eutherian species, especially of the Asian elephant, which is one of the Afrotherea. We found that lactose is a dominant saccharide in this milk, as it is in that of most eutherians, and that the milk contains smaller amounts of oligosaccharides, whose structures were determined as Gal(alpha 1-3)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc (isoglobotriose), Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc (6'-N-acetylneuraminyllactose), Neu5Gc(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc (6'-N-glycolylneuraminyllactose), Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-3)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc (LST c) and Neu5Gc(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-3)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc. This pattern of milk carbohydrates is rather close to that of the milks of other eutherian species. It is notable that the milk contained oligosaccharides with Neu5Gc residues but no oligosaccharides containing alpha(2-3) linked Neu5Ac residues such as Neu5Ac(alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc. C1 [Urashima, Tadasu; Fukuda, Kenji] Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Grad Sch Food Hyg, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan. [Komoda, Miki] Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Dept Bio Resource Sci, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan. [Asakuma, Sadaki] Natl Agr Res Ctr Hokkaido Reg, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Uemura, Yusuke] Iwate Univ, United Grad Sch Agr Sci, Morioka, Iwate 020, Japan. [Saito, Tadao] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Dept Bio Prod, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Oftedal, Olav T.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Conservat Biol, Washington, DC USA. RP Urashima, T (reprint author), Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Grad Sch Food Hyg, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan. EM urashima@obihiro.ac.jp FU 21st Century COE Program [A-1]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan FX This study was partially supported by a Grant from the 21st Century COE Program (A-1), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, and a Grant-in-Aid (Research and Development Program for New Bio-industry Initiatives) from the Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1344-3941 J9 ANIM SCI J JI Anim. Sci. J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 BP 699 EP 709 DI 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2008.00583.x PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 367HV UT WOS:000260544000008 ER PT J AU Hausrath, EM Treiman, AH Vicenzi, E Bish, DL Blake, D Sarrazin, P Hoehler, T Midtkandal, I Steele, A Brantley, SL AF Hausrath, E. M. Treiman, A. H. Vicenzi, E. Bish, D. L. Blake, D. Sarrazin, P. Hoehler, T. Midtkandal, I. Steele, A. Brantley, S. L. TI Short- and Long-Term Olivine Weathering in Svalbard: Implications for Mars SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Olivine; Weathering; Mars; Glass; Hydrothermal; CheMin ID FORSTERITE DISSOLUTION RATES; ARCTIC ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; NORTHERN SCANDINAVIA; SILICATE SURFACES; RIND DEVELOPMENT; SWEDISH LAPLAND; ORGANIC-ACIDS; GUSEV CRATER; PH AB Liquid water is essential to life as we know it on Earth; therefore, the search for water on Mars is a critical component of the search for life. Olivine, a mineral identified as present on Mars, has been proposed as an indicator of the duration and characteristics of water because it dissolves quickly, particularly under low-pH conditions. The duration of olivine persistence relative to glass under conditions of aqueous alteration reflects the pH and temperature of the reacting fluids. In this paper, we investigate the utility of 3 methodologies to detect silicate weathering in a Mars analog environment (Sverrefjell volcano, Svalbard). CheMin, a miniature Xray diffraction instrument developed for flight on NASA's upcoming Mars Science Laboratory, was deployed on Svalbard and was successful in detecting olivine and weathering products. The persistence of olivine and glass in Svalbard rocks was also investigated via laboratory observations of weathered hand samples as well as an in situ burial experiment. Observations of hand samples are consistent with the inference that olivine persists longer than glass at near-zero temperatures in the presence of solutions at pH similar to 7-9 on Svalbard, whereas in hydrothermally altered zones, glass has persisted longer than olivine in the presence of fluids at similar pH at similar to 50 degrees C. Analysis of the surfaces of olivine and glass samples, which were buried on Sverrefjell for 1 year and then retrieved, documented only minor incipient weathering, though these results suggest the importance of biological impacts. The 3 types of observations ( CheMin, laboratory observations of hand samples, burial experiments) of weathering of olivine and glass at Svalbard show promise for interpretation of weathering on Mars. Furthermore, the weathering relationships observed on Svalbard are consistent with laboratory-measured dissolution rates, which suggests that relative mineral dissolution rates in the laboratory, in concert with field observations, can be used to yield valuable information regarding the pH and temperature of reacting martian fluids. C1 [Hausrath, E. M.; Brantley, S. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hausrath, E. M.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Treiman, A. H.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Vicenzi, E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Bish, D. L.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Blake, D.; Hoehler, T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sarrazin, P.] InXitu Inc, Mountain View, CA USA. [Midtkandal, I.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Steele, A.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Hausrath, EM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM Elisabeth.Hausrath@unlv.edu FU World Universities Network, BRIE [DGE-9972759]; Pennsylvania State Astrobiology Research Center, NASA [NNG05GN72G]; NAI Research Fellowship; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program FX We would like to thank B. Abbey, M. Angelone, J. Cantolina, D. Voight, C. Lernhihan, A. Barnes, V. Bojan, T. Daniels, C. Winslow, V. Starke, and AMASE. We appreciate the thoughtful reviews by two anonymous reviewers and Hojatollah Vali. This work was supported by funding from the World Universities Network, BRIE [ Pennsylvania State NSF (IGERT) grant DGE-9972759], Pennsylvania State Astrobiology Research Center, NASA Grant NNG05GN72G, and the NAI Research Fellowship. E. M. H. is grateful for support from the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program. NR 77 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 18 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1079 EP 1092 DI 10.1089/ast.2007.0195 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 409OX UT WOS:000263516800003 PM 19191538 ER PT J AU Aarnio, AN Weinberger, AJ Stassun, KG Mamajek, EE James, DJ AF Aarnio, Alicia N. Weinberger, Alycia J. Stassun, Keivan G. Mamajek, Eric E. James, David J. TI A SURVEY FOR A COEVAL, COMOVING GROUP ASSOCIATED WITH HD 141569 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations: individual (HD 141569); stars: evolution; stars: individual (HD 141569); stars: kinematics; stars: pre-main sequence ID T-TAURI STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; LITHIUM ABUNDANCES; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; HYDRAE ASSOCIATION; OB ASSOCIATION; OPEN CLUSTER; YOUNG STARS; HIPPARCOS; CATALOG AB We present the results of a search for a young stellar moving group associated with the star HD 141569 - a nearby, isolated Herbig AeBe primary member of a 5 +/- 3 Myr-old triple star system on the outskirts of the Sco-Cen complex. Our spectroscopic survey identified a population of 21 Li-rich, less than or similar to 30 Myr-old stars within 30 degrees of HD 141569 which possess similar proper motions with the star. The spatial distribution of these Li-rich stars, however, is not suggestive of a moving group associated with the HD 141569 triplet, but rather this sample appears cospatial with Upper Scorpius (US) and Upper Centaurus Lupus (UCL). We apply a modified moving cluster parallax method to compare the kinematics of these youthful stars with those of the US and UCL. Eight new potential members of US and five new potential members of UCL are identified. A substantial moving group with an identifiable nucleus within 15 degrees (similar to 30 pc) of HD 141569 is not found in this sample. Evidently, the HD 141569 system formed similar to 5 Myr ago in relative isolation, tens of parsecs away from the recent sites of star formation in the Ophiucus-Scorpius-Centaurus region. C1 [Aarnio, Alicia N.; Stassun, Keivan G.; James, David J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Weinberger, Alycia J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Mamajek, Eric E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [James, David J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Aarnio, AN (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. OI Weinberger, Alycia/0000-0001-6654-7859 FU NASA; National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Experience; NSF [AST-0349075]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX The authors acknowledge the support of a NASA Origins of Solar Systems grant to A. J. W., the National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Experience for Undergraduates program, and the NASA Astrobiology Institute. This work was also made possible by an NSF Career award to K. G. S. (AST-0349075). E. E. M. acknowledges support through a Clay Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The authors also note that the Vizier search engine (Ochsenbein et al. 2000) was invaluable in this project. We thank Suzan Edwards, Eric Jensen, and Inseok Song as well as an anonymous referee for assistance and input during the analysis and revision processes. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 136 IS 6 BP 2483 EP 2492 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/6/2483 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 374KP UT WOS:000261042500022 ER PT J AU Das, P Gerhard, O Coccato, L Churazov, E Forman, W Finoguenov, A Bohringer, H Arnaboli, M Capaccioli, M Cortesi, A de Lorenzi, F Douglas, NG Freeman, KC Kuijken, K Merrifield, MR Napolitano, NR Noordermeer, E Romanowsky, AJ AF Das, P. Gerhard, O. Coccato, L. Churazov, E. Forman, W. Finoguenov, A. Bohringer, H. Arnaboli, M. Capaccioli, M. Cortesi, A. de Lorenzi, F. Douglas, N. G. Freeman, K. C. Kuijken, K. Merrifield, M. R. Napolitano, N. R. Noordermeer, E. Romanowsky, A. J. TI The orbital structure of the massive elliptical galaxy NGC 5846 SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics, stellar dynamics; dark matter; galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies: halos; galaxies: individual (NGC 5846); planetary nebulae: general; X-rays: galaxies ID SPHERICAL STELLAR-SYSTEMS; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; XMM-NEWTON; ANISOTROPY; PROFILES; MODELS; DEGENERACY; BREAKING; HALO; M87 AB We use density and temperature profiles obtained from XMM-Newton observations to derive a potential of NGC 5846 out to 11 R(e), thus probing the mass distribution deep into the halo. The inferred circular velocity is significantly higher than the extrapolation of dynamical models implying a halo, more massive than previously thought. Using an I-band surface-brightness profile and a projected velocity dispersion profile consisting of long-slit kinematic measurements and planetary nebulae (PNe) velocity dispersions, we solve the Jeans equations, assuming a non-rotating spherical system. The solutions suggest a highly radially anisotropic galaxy outside 0.7R(e) with beta similar to 0.75. (C) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Das, P.; Gerhard, O.; Coccato, L.; Finoguenov, A.; Bohringer, H.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Churazov, E.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Churazov, E.] Space Res Inst IKI, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Forman, W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Arnaboli, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Arnaboli, M.] Osservatorio Astron Pino Torinese, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. [Capaccioli, M.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Capaccioli, M.] INAF VSTceN, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Cortesi, A.; Merrifield, M. R.; Noordermeer, E.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Douglas, N. G.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Freeman, K. C.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Kuijken, K.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Napolitano, N. R.] Observ Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Romanowsky, A. J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Das, P (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM pdas@mpe.mpg.de RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013; OI Arnaboldi, Magda/0000-0001-7214-3009; Merrifield, Michael/0000-0002-4202-4727; Napolitano, Nicola Rosario/0000-0003-0911-8884; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 FU DFG FX PD was supported by the DFG Cluster of Excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe". NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 329 IS 9-10 BP 940 EP 943 DI 10.1002/asna.200811052 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 399IY UT WOS:000262794800016 ER PT J AU Hareter, M Kochukhov, O Lehmann, H Tsymbal, V Huber, D Lenz, P Weiss, WW Matthews, JM Rucinski, S Rowe, JF Kuschnig, R Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Sasselov, D Walker, GAH Scholtz, A AF Hareter, M. Kochukhov, O. Lehmann, H. Tsymbal, V. Huber, D. Lenz, P. Weiss, W. W. Matthews, J. M. Rucinski, S. Rowe, J. F. Kuschnig, R. Guenther, D. B. Moffat, A. F. J. Sasselov, D. Walker, G. A. H. Scholtz, A. TI MOST discovers a multimode delta Scuti star in a triple system: HD 61199 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; stars: variables: delta Scuti; techniques: photometric; techniques: spectroscopic; techniques: radial velocities ID UVBY-BETA PHOTOMETRY; LINE-DATA-BASE; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE; SURFACE GRAVITY; SPACE; OSCILLATIONS; PROCYON; GRIDS; MASS AB Context. A field star, HD61199 (V approximate to 8), simultaneously observed with Procyon by the MOST (Microvariability & Oscillations of STars) satellite in continuous runs of 34, 17, and 34 days in 2004, 2005, and 2007, was found to pulsate in 11 frequencies in the delta Scuti range with amplitudes from 1.7 down to 0.09 mmag. The photometry also showed variations with a period of about four days. To investigate the nature of the longer period, 45 days of time-resolved spectroscopy was obtained at the Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg in 2004. The radial velocity measurements indicate that HD61199 is a triple system. Aims. A delta Scuti pulsator with a rich eigenspectrum in a multiple system is promising for asteroseismology. Our objectives were to identify which of the stars in the system is the delta Scuti variable and to obtain the orbital elements of the system and the fundamental parameters of the individual components, which are constrained by the pulsation frequencies of the delta Scuti star. Methods. Classical Fourier techniques and least-squares multi-sinusoidal fits were applied to the MOST photometry to identify the pulsation frequencies. The groundbased spectroscopy was analysed with least-squares-deconvolution (LSD) techniques, and the orbital elements derived with the KOREL and ORBITX routines. Asteroseismic models were also generated. Results. The photometric and spectroscopic data are compatible with a triple system consisting of a close binary with an orbital period of 3.57 days and a d Scuti companion (HD61199 A) as the most luminous component. The d Scuti star is a rapid rotator with about v sin i = 130 km s(-1) and an upper mass limit of about 2.1 M(circle dot). For the close binary components, we find they are of nearly equal mass, with lower mass limits of about 0.7 M(circle dot). Comparisons to synthetic spectra indicate these stars have a late-F spectral type. The observed oscillation frequencies are compared to pulsation models to further constrain the evolutionary state and mass of HD61199 A. The orbit frequency of the close binary corresponds to the difference of the two d Scuti frequencies with the highest amplitudes a coincidence that is remarkable, but not explained. C1 [Hareter, M.; Tsymbal, V.; Huber, D.; Lenz, P.; Weiss, W. W.; Kuschnig, R.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Kochukhov, O.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Lehmann, H.] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. [Tsymbal, V.] Tavrian Natl Univ, Dep Astron, Simferopol, Ukraine. [Matthews, J. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Rucinski, S.; Rowe, J. F.; Walker, G. A. H.] Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Dept Astron, Toronto, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. [Guenther, D. B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Moffat, A. F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Sasselov, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Scholtz, A.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Commun & Radio Frequency Engn, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Hareter, M (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, Turkenschanzstr 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. EM hareter@astro.univie.ac.at NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 492 IS 1 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809996 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 377LQ UT WOS:000261253100025 ER PT J AU Eckart, A Schodel, R Garcia-Marin, M Witzel, G Weiss, A Baganoff, FK Morris, MR Bertram, T Dovciak, M Duschl, WJ Karas, V Koenig, S Krichbaum, TP Krips, M Kunneriath, D Lu, RS Markoff, S Mauerhan, J Meyer, L Moultaka, J Muzic, K Najarro, F Pott, JU Schuster, KF Sjouwerman, LO Straubmeier, C Thum, C Vogel, SN Wiesemeyer, H Zamaninasab, M Zensus, JA AF Eckart, A. Schoedel, R. Garcia-Marin, M. Witzel, G. Weiss, A. Baganoff, F. K. Morris, M. R. Bertram, T. Dovciak, M. Duschl, W. J. Karas, V. Koenig, S. Krichbaum, T. P. Krips, M. Kunneriath, D. Lu, R. -S. Markoff, S. Mauerhan, J. Meyer, L. Moultaka, J. Muzic, K. Najarro, F. Pott, J. -U. Schuster, K. F. Sjouwerman, L. O. Straubmeier, C. Thum, C. Vogel, S. N. Wiesemeyer, H. Zamaninasab, M. Zensus, J. A. TI Simultaneous NIR/sub-mm observation of flare emission from Sagittarius A* SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; infrared: general; accretion, accretion disks; Galaxy: center; Galaxy: nucleus ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; RAY INTENSITY VARIATIONS; STELLAR PROPER MOTIONS; NEAR-INFRARED FLARES; SGR-A; GALACTIC-CENTER; X-RAY; SPOT MODEL; VARIABILITY; POLARIMETRY AB Context. We report on a successful, simultaneous observation and modeling of the sub-millimeter to near-infrared flare emission of the Sgr A* counterpart associated with the super-massive (4 x 10(6) M(circle dot)) black hole at the Galactic center. Aims. We study and model the physical processes giving rise to the variable emission of Sgr A*. Methods. Our non-relativistic modeling is based on simultaneous observations that have been carried out on 03 June, 2008. We used the NACO adaptive optics (AO) instrument at the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope and the LABOCA bolometer at the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX). We emphasize the importance of a multi-wavelength simultaneous fitting as a tool for imposing adequate constraints on the flare modeling. Results. The observations reveal strong flare activity in the 0.87 mm (345 GHz) sub-mm domain and in the 3.8 mu/2.2 mu m NIR. Inspection and modeling of the light curves show that the sub-mm follows the NIR emission with a delay of 1.5 +/- 0.5 h. We explain the flare emission delay by an adiabatic expansion of the source components. The derived physical quantities that describe the flare emission give a source component expansion speed of nu(exp) similar to 0.005c, source sizes around one Schwarzschild radius with flux densities of a few Janskys, and spectral indices of alpha = 0.8 to 1.8, corresponding to particle spectral indices similar to 2.6 to 4.6. At the start of the flare the spectra of these components peak at frequencies of a few THz. Conclusions. These parameters suggest that the adiabatically expanding source components either have a bulk motion greater than nu(exp) or the expanding material contributes to a corona or disk, confined to the immediate surroundings of Sgr A*. C1 [Eckart, A.; Garcia-Marin, M.; Witzel, G.; Bertram, T.; Koenig, S.; Kunneriath, D.; Lu, R. -S.; Muzic, K.; Straubmeier, C.; Zamaninasab, M.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Eckart, A.; Weiss, A.; Krichbaum, T. P.; Kunneriath, D.; Lu, R. -S.; Zamaninasab, M.; Zensus, J. A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Schoedel, R.] Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada 18008, Spain. [Baganoff, F. K.] MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Morris, M. R.; Mauerhan, J.; Meyer, L.; Pott, J. -U.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dovciak, M.; Karas, V.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Astron Inst, Prague 14131, Czech Republic. [Duschl, W. J.] Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Duschl, W. J.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Krips, M.] SMA Project, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Markoff, S.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Moultaka, J.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, LATT, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Najarro, F.] CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, DAMIR, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Pott, J. -U.] CARA, WMKO, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Krips, M.; Schuster, K. F.; Thum, C.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Sjouwerman, L. O.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Vogel, S. N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wiesemeyer, H.] IRAM, E-18012 Granada, Spain. RP Eckart, A (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. EM eckart@ph1.uni-koeln.de RI Schoedel, Rainer/D-4751-2014; Karas, Vladimir/C-1559-2013; Kunneriath, Devaky/G-8513-2014; Dovciak, Michal/F-4258-2014; Najarro, Francisco/G-7288-2015; OI Schoedel, Rainer/0000-0001-5404-797X; Karas, Vladimir/0000-0002-5760-0459; Dovciak, Michal/0000-0003-0079-1239; Najarro, Francisco/0000-0002-9124-0039; Konig, Sabine/0000-0001-6174-8467 FU German federal department for education and research (BMBF) [50OS0502, 50OS0801]; NASA [G05-6093X] FX We are grateful to all the ESO PARANAL and Sequitor staff, and especially to the members of the NAOS/CONICA, VLTI, and APEX team. The observations were made possible through a special effort by the APEX/ONSALA staff to have the LABOCA bolometer ready for triggering. Leo Meyer is supported by the DAAD exchange program. Macarena Garcia-Marin is supported by the German federal department for education and research (BMBF) under the project numbers: 50OS0502 & 50OS0801. The X-ray work was supported by NASA through Chandra award G05-6093X. M. Zamaninasab, D. Kunneriath, and R.-S. Lu, are members of the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the MPIfR and the Universities of Bonn and Cologne. R. Schdel acknowledges support by the Ramon y Cajal programme by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of the government of Spain. We also thank the referee for his constructive comments. NR 51 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 492 IS 2 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200810924 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 379YC UT WOS:000261431500007 ER PT J AU Larionov, VM Jorstad, SG Marscher, AP Raiteri, CM Villata, M Agudo, I Aller, MF Arkharov, AA Asfandiyarov, IM Bach, U Bachev, R Berdyugin, A Bottcher, M Buemi, CS Calcidese, P Carosati, D Charlot, P Chen, WP Di Paola, A Dolci, M Dogru, S Doroshenko, VT Efimov, YS Erdem, A Frasca, A Fuhrmann, L Giommi, P Glowienka, L Gupta, AC Gurwell, MA Hagen-Thorn, VA Hsiao, WS Ibrahimov, MA Jordan, B Kamada, M Konstantinova, TS Kopatskaya, EN Kovalev, YY Kovalev, YA Kurtanidze, OM Lahteenmaki, A Lanteri, L Larionova, LV Leto, P Le Campion, P Lee, CU Lindfors, E Marilli, E McHardy, I Mingaliev, MG Nazarov, SV Nieppola, E Nilsson, K Ohlert, J Pasanen, M Porter, D Pursimo, T Ros, JA Sadakane, K Sadun, AC Sergeev, SG Smith, N Strigachev, A Sumitomo, N Takalo, LO Tanaka, K Trigilio, C Umana, G Ungerechts, H Volvach, A Yuan, W AF Larionov, V. M. Jorstad, S. G. Marscher, A. P. Raiteri, C. M. Villata, M. Agudo, I. Aller, M. F. Arkharov, A. A. Asfandiyarov, I. M. Bach, U. Bachev, R. Berdyugin, A. Boettcher, M. Buemi, C. S. Calcidese, P. Carosati, D. Charlot, P. Chen, W. -P. Di Paola, A. Dolci, M. Dogru, S. Doroshenko, V. T. Efimov, Yu. S. Erdem, A. Frasca, A. Fuhrmann, L. Giommi, P. Glowienka, L. Gupta, A. C. Gurwell, M. A. Hagen-Thorn, V. A. Hsiao, W. -S. Ibrahimov, M. A. Jordan, B. Kamada, M. Konstantinova, T. S. Kopatskaya, E. N. Kovalev, Y. Y. Kovalev, Y. A. Kurtanidze, O. M. Lahteenmaki, A. Lanteri, L. Larionova, L. V. Leto, P. Le Campion, P. Lee, C. -U. Lindfors, E. Marilli, E. McHardy, I. Mingaliev, M. G. Nazarov, S. V. Nieppola, E. Nilsson, K. Ohlert, J. Pasanen, M. Porter, D. Pursimo, T. Ros, J. A. Sadakane, K. Sadun, A. C. Sergeev, S. G. Smith, N. Strigachev, A. Sumitomo, N. Takalo, L. O. Tanaka, K. Trigilio, C. Umana, G. Ungerechts, H. Volvach, A. Yuan, W. TI Results of WEBT, VLBA and RXTE monitoring of 3C 279 during 2006-2007 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; quasars: general; quasars: individual: 3C 279 ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BASE-LINE ARRAY; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; EGRET-DETECTED QUASARS; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; POLARIMETRIC OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-FREQUENCIES; RADIO OUTBURSTS; LIGHT CURVES; CAMPAIGN AB Context. The quasar 3C 279 is among the most extreme blazars in terms of luminosity and variability of flux at all wavebands. Its variations in flux and polarization are quite complex and therefore require intensive monitoring observations at multiple wavebands to characterise and interpret the observed changes. Aims. In this paper, we present radio-to-optical data taken by the WEBT, supplemented by our VLBA and RXTE observations, of 3C 279. Our goal is to use this extensive database to draw inferences regarding the physics of the relativistic jet. Methods. We assemble multifrequency light curves with data from 30 ground-based observatories and the space-based instruments SWIFT (UVOT) and RXTE, along with linear polarization vs. time in the optical R band. In addition, we present a sequence of 22 images (with polarization vectors) at 43 GHz at resolution 0.15 milliarcsec, obtained with the VLBA. We analyse the light curves and polarization, as well as the spectral energy distributions at different epochs, corresponding to different brightness states. Results. We find that the IR-optical-UV continuum spectrum of the variable component corresponds to a power law with a constant slope of -1.6, while in the 2.4-10 keV X-ray band it varies in slope from -1.1 to -1.6. The steepest X- ray spectrum occurs at a flux minimum. During a decline in flux from maximum in late 2006, the optical and 43 GHz core polarization vectors rotate by similar to 300 degrees. Conclusions. The continuum spectrum agrees with steady injection of relativistic electrons with a power-law energy distribution of slope -3.2 that is steepened to -4.2 at high energies by radiative losses. The X- ray emission at flux minimum comes most likely from a new component that starts in an upstream section of the jet where inverse Compton scattering of seed photons from outside the jet is important. The rotation of the polarization vector implies that the jet contains a helical magnetic field that extends similar to 20 pc past the 43 GHz core. C1 [Larionov, V. M.; Jorstad, S. G.; Hagen-Thorn, V. A.; Konstantinova, T. S.; Kopatskaya, E. N.; Larionova, L. V.] St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Arkharov, A. A.; Larionova, L. V.] Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; Lanteri, L.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, Turin, Italy. [Agudo, I.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Aller, M. F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bach, U.; Fuhrmann, L.; Kovalev, Y. Y.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Bachev, R.; Strigachev, A.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Astron, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Boettcher, M.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Charlot, P.; Le Campion, P.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Astrophys Lab, Floirac, France. [Chen, W. -P.; Hsiao, W. -S.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Chungli, Taiwan. [Di Paola, A.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, Rome, Italy. [Buemi, C. S.; Frasca, A.; Marilli, E.; Trigilio, C.; Umana, G.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, Catania, Italy. [Glowienka, L.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Gupta, A. C.; Yuan, W.] Chinese Acad Sci, YNAO, Kunming, Peoples R China. [Gurwell, M. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Asfandiyarov, I. M.; Ibrahimov, M. A.] Ulugh Beg Astron Inst, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [Marscher, A. P.; Jordan, B.] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kamada, M.; Sadakane, K.; Sumitomo, N.; Tanaka, K.] Osaka Kyoiku Univ, Astron Inst, Osaka, Japan. [Kovalev, Y. Y.; Kovalev, Y. A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Lahteenmaki, A.; Nieppola, E.] Helsinki Univ Technol, Metsahovi Radio Obs, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. [McHardy, I.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Berdyugin, A.; Lindfors, E.; Nilsson, K.; Pasanen, M.; Takalo, L. O.] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, Piikkio, Finland. [Ohlert, J.] Michael Adrian Observ, Trebur, Germany. [Porter, D.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Pursimo, T.] Nord Opt Telescope, Santa Cruz De La Palma, Spain. [Ros, J. A.] Agrupacio Astron Sabadell, Sabadell, Spain. [Sadun, A. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Doroshenko, V. T.; Efimov, Yu. S.; Nazarov, S. V.; Sergeev, S. G.] Crimean Astrophys Observ, Simferopol, Ukraine. [Volvach, A.] Crimean Astrophys Observ, Radio Astron Lab, Simferopol, Ukraine. [Giommi, P.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, Frascati, Italy. [Leto, P.] Ist Radioastron, INAF, Sez Noto, Noto, Italy. Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, Dublin, Ireland. [Smith, N.] Cork Inst Technol, Cork, Ireland. [Mingaliev, M. G.] Special Astrophys Observ, N Arkhyz, Russia. [Ungerechts, H.] Inst Radioastron Millimetr, Granada, Spain. [Gupta, A. C.] ARIES, Naini Tal, India. RP Larionov, VM (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. EM vlar@astro.spbu.ru RI Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Kurtanidze, Omar/J-6237-2014; Kovalev, Yuri/J-5671-2013; Agudo, Ivan/G-1701-2015; Kovalev, Yuri/N-1053-2015; Jorstad, Svetlana/H-6913-2013; Grishina, Tatiana/H-6873-2013; Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir/H-3983-2013; Dogru, Sertac Serkan/A-2897-2013; Larionov, Valeri/H-1349-2013; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/H-4720-2013 OI Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806; Larionova, Liudmila/0000-0002-0274-1481; Di Paola, Andrea/0000-0002-2189-8644; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; Frasca, Antonio/0000-0002-0474-0896; Raiteri, Claudia Maria/0000-0003-1784-2784; Kovalev, Yuri/0000-0001-9303-3263; Agudo, Ivan/0000-0002-3777-6182; Jorstad, Svetlana/0000-0001-9522-5453; Grishina, Tatiana/0000-0002-3953-6676; Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir/0000-0002-6431-8590; Dolci, Mauro/0000-0001-8000-5642; Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/0000-0001-9518-337X NR 50 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 492 IS 2 BP 389 EP 400 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200810937 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 379YC UT WOS:000261431500012 ER PT J AU Groningsson, P Fransson, C Leibundgut, B Lundqvist, P Challis, P Chevalier, RA Spyromilio, J AF Groningsson, P. Fransson, C. Leibundgut, B. Lundqvist, P. Challis, P. Chevalier, R. A. Spyromilio, J. TI Time evolution of the line emission from the inner circumstellar ring of SN 1987A and its hot spots SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supernovae: individual: SN 1987A; circumstellar matter; shock waves ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT 1987A; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SN-1987A; NEBULA; SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET; PROGENITOR; SPECTRUM AB We present seven epochs between October 1999 and November 2007 of high resolution VLT/UVES echelle spectra of the ejecta-ring collision of SN 1987A. The fluxes of most of the narrow lines from the unshocked gas decreased by a factor of 2-3 during this period, consistent with the decay from the initial ionization by the shock break-out. However, [O III] in particular shows an increase up to day similar to 6800. This agrees with radiative shock models where the pre-shocked gas is heated by the soft X-rays from the shock. The evolution of the [O III] line ratio shows a decreasing temperature of the unshocked ring gas, consistent with a transition from a hot, low density component which was heated by the initial flash ionization to the lower temperature in the pre-ionized gas ahead of the shocks. The line emission from the shocked gas increases rapidly as the shock sweeps up more gas. We find that the neutral and high ionization lines follow the evolution of the Balmer lines roughly, while the intermediate ionization lines evolve less rapidly. Up to day similar to 6800, the optical light curves have a similar evolution to that of the soft X-rays. The break between day 6500 and day 7000 for [O III] and [Ne III] is likely due to recombination to lower ionization levels. Nevertheless, the evolution of the [Fe XIV] line, as well as the lines from the lowest ionization stages, continue to follow that of the soft X-rays, as expected. There is a clear difference in the line profiles between the low and intermediate ionization lines, and those from the coronal lines at the earlier epochs. This shows that these lines arise from regions with different physical conditions, with at least a fraction of the coronal lines coming from adiabatic shocks. At later epochs the line widths of the low ionization lines, however, increase and approach those of the high ionization lines of [Fe X-XIV]. The Ha line profile can be traced up to similar to 500 km s(-1) at the latest epoch. This is consistent with the cooling time of shocks propagating into a density of (1-4) x 10(4) cm(-3). This means that these shocks are among the highest velocity radiative shocks observed. C1 [Groningsson, P.; Fransson, C.; Lundqvist, P.] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Observ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Leibundgut, B.; Spyromilio, J.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Challis, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chevalier, R. A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Groningsson, P (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Observ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM per@astro.su.se; claes@astro.su.se; peter@astro.su.se NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 492 IS 2 BP 481 EP U52 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200810551 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 379YC UT WOS:000261431500021 ER PT J AU Menten, KM Gusten, R Leurini, S Thorwirth, S Henkel, C Klein, B Carilli, CL Reid, MJ AF Menten, K. M. Guesten, R. Leurini, S. Thorwirth, S. Henkel, C. Klein, B. Carilli, C. L. Reid, M. J. TI Submillimeter water and ammonia absorption by the peculiar z approximate to 0.89 interstellar medium in the gravitational lens of the PKS 1830-211 system SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; gravitational lensing; astrochemistry; ISM: abundances; ISM: molecules ID REDSHIFTED MOLECULAR ABSORPTION; WAVE-ASTRONOMY-SATELLITE; RADIO-SOURCE PKS1830-211; DIFFUSE CLOUDS; COMPARATIVE CHEMISTRY; EINSTEIN RING; COLLISIONAL EXCITATION; KINETIC TEMPERATURE; SPIRAL GALAXY; LINE AB Using the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) telescope, we have detected the rotational ground-state transitions of ortho-ammonia and ortho-water toward the redshift approximate to 0.89 absorbing galaxy in the PKS 1830-211 gravitational lens system. We discuss our observations in the context of recent space-borne data obtained for these lines with the SWAS and Odin satellites toward Galactic sources. We find commonalities, but also significant differences between the interstellar media in a galaxy at intermediate redshift and in the Milky Way. Future high-quality observations of the ground-state ammonia transition in PKS 1830-211, together with inversion line data, will lead to strong constraints on the variation in the proton to electron mass ratio over the past 7.2 Gyr. C1 [Menten, K. M.; Guesten, R.; Thorwirth, S.; Henkel, C.; Klein, B.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Leurini, S.] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Carilli, C. L.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Reid, M. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Menten, KM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM kmenten@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; ruguesten@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; sleurini@eso.org; sthorwirth@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; chenkel@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; bklein@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; ccarilli@nrao.edu; reid@cfa.harvard.edu RI Thorwirth, Sven/C-6217-2011 OI Thorwirth, Sven/0000-0001-8200-6710 NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 492 IS 3 BP 725 EP 730 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200810041 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 383UA UT WOS:000261697900013 ER PT J AU Forbrich, J Wiesemeyer, H Thum, C Belloche, A Menten, KM AF Forbrich, J. Wiesemeyer, H. Thum, C. Belloche, A. Menten, K. M. TI Observations of the Goldreich-Kylafis effect in star-forming regions with XPOL at the IRAM 30 m telescope SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM: clouds; ISM: molecules; line: profiles; techniques: polarimetric ID MAGNETIC-FIELD DIRECTION; RADIOFREQUENCY ABSORPTION-LINES; POLARIZED CO EMISSION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; RADIO FREQUENCIES; SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; OUTFLOW; 21(OH) AB Context. The Goldreich-Kylafis (GK) effect causes certain molecular line emission to be weakly linearly polarized, e. g., in the presence of a magnetic field. Compared to polarized dust emission, the GK effect potentially yields additional information along the line of sight through its dependence on velocity in the line profile. Aims. Our goal was to detect polarized molecular line emission toward the DR21(OH), W3OH/H(2)O, G34.3+0.2, and UYSO 1 dense molecular cloud cores in transitions of rare CO isotopologues and CS. The feasibility of such observations had to be established by studying the influence of polarized sidelobes, e. g., in the presence of extended emission in the surroundings of compact sources. Methods. The observations were carried out with the IRAM 30 m telescope employing the correlation polarimeter XPOL and using two orthogonally polarized receivers. We produced beam maps to investigate instrumental polarization. Results. While a polarized signal is found in nearly all transitions toward all sources, its degree of polarization in only one case surpasses the polarization that can be expected from instrumental effects. It is shown that any emission in the polarized sidelobes of the system can produce instrumental polarization, even if the source is unpolarized. Tentative evidence of astronomically polarized line emission with p(L) less than or similar to 1.5% was found in the CS(2-1) line toward G34.3+0.2. C1 [Forbrich, J.; Belloche, A.; Menten, K. M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Forbrich, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wiesemeyer, H.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, Granada 18012, Spain. [Thum, C.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. RP Forbrich, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM jforbrich@cfa.harvard.edu FU INSU/CNRS (France); MPG (Germany); IGN (Spain) FX Based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30 m telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 492 IS 3 BP 757 EP 766 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200811056 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 383UA UT WOS:000261697900017 ER PT J AU Raiteri, CM Villata, M Larionov, VM Gurwell, MA Chen, WP Kurtanidze, OM Aller, MF Bottcher, M Calcidese, P Hroch, F Lahteenmaki, A Lee, CU Nilsson, K Ohlert, J Papadakis, IE Agudo, I Aller, HD Angelakis, E Arkharov, AA Bach, U Bachev, R Berdyugin, A Buemi, CS Carosati, D Charlot, P Chatzopoulos, E Forne, E Frasca, A Fuhrmann, L Gomez, JL Gupta, AC Hagen-Thorn, VA Hsiao, WS Jordan, B Jorstad, SG Konstantinova, TS Kopatskaya, EN Krichbaum, TP Lanteri, L Larionova, LV Latev, G Le Campion, JF Leto, P Lin, HC Marchili, N Marilli, E Marscher, AP McBreen, B Mihov, B Nesci, R Nicastro, F Nikolashvili, MG Novak, R Ovcharov, E Pian, E Principe, D Pursimo, T Ragozzine, B Ros, JA Sadun, AC Sagar, R Semkov, E Smart, RL Smith, N Strigachev, A Takalo, LO Tavani, M Tornikoski, M Trigilio, C Uckert, K Umana, G Valcheva, A Vercellone, S Volvach, A Wiesemeyer, H AF Raiteri, C. M. Villata, M. Larionov, V. M. Gurwell, M. A. Chen, W. P. Kurtanidze, O. M. Aller, M. F. Bottcher, M. Calcidese, P. Hroch, F. Lahteenmaki, A. Lee, C. -U. Nilsson, K. Ohlert, J. Papadakis, I. E. Agudo, I. Aller, H. D. Angelakis, E. Arkharov, A. A. Bach, U. Bachev, R. Berdyugin, A. Buemi, C. S. Carosati, D. Charlot, P. Chatzopoulos, E. Forne, E. Frasca, A. Fuhrmann, L. Gomez, J. L. Gupta, A. C. Hagen-Thorn, V. A. Hsiao, W. -S. Jordan, B. Jorstad, S. G. Konstantinova, T. S. Kopatskaya, E. N. Krichbaum, T. P. Lanteri, L. Larionova, L. V. Latev, G. Le Campion, J. -F. Leto, P. Lin, H. -C. Marchili, N. Marilli, E. Marscher, A. P. McBreen, B. Mihov, B. Nesci, R. Nicastro, F. Nikolashvili, M. G. Novak, R. Ovcharov, E. Pian, E. Principe, D. Pursimo, T. Ragozzine, B. Ros, J. A. Sadun, A. C. Sagar, R. Semkov, E. Smart, R. L. Smith, N. Strigachev, A. Takalo, L. O. Tavani, M. Tornikoski, M. Trigilio, C. Uckert, K. Umana, G. Valcheva, A. Vercellone, S. Volvach, A. Wiesemeyer, H. TI A new activity phase of the blazar 3C 454.3 Multifrequency observations by the WEBT and XMM-Newton in 2007-2008 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: quasars: general; galaxies: quasars: individual: 3C 454.3; galaxies: jets ID PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; BL-LACERTAE; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; AGILE DETECTION; LIGHT CURVES; RAY FLARE; OUTBURST; VARIABILITY; 3C-454.3; CAMPAIGN AB Aims. The Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) consortium has been monitoring the blazar 3C 454.3 from the radio to the optical bands since 2004 to study its emission variability properties. Methods. We present and analyse the multifrequency results of the 2007-2008 observing season, including XMM-Newton observations and near-IR spectroscopic monitoring, and compare the recent emission behaviour with the past one. The historical mm light curve is presented here for the first time. Results. In the optical band we observed a multi-peak outburst in July-August 2007, and other faster events in November 2007-February 2008. During these outburst phases, several episodes of intranight variability were detected. A mm outburst was observed starting from mid 2007, whose rising phase was contemporaneous to the optical brightening. A slower flux increase also affected the higher radio frequencies, the flux enhancement disappearing below 8 GHz. The analysis of the optical-radio correlation and time delays, as well as the behaviour of the mm light curve, confirm our previous predictions, suggesting that changes in the jet orientation likely occurred in the last few years. The historical multi-wavelength behaviour indicates that a significant variation in the viewing angle may have happened around year 2000. Colour analysis confirms a general redder-when-brighter trend, which reaches a "saturation" at R similar to 14 and possibly turns into a bluer-when-brighter trend in bright states. This behaviour is due to the interplay of different emission components, the synchrotron one possibly being characterised by an intrinsically variable spectrum. All the near-IR spectra show a prominent Ha emission line (EW(obs) = 50-120 angstrom), whose flux appears nearly constant, indicating that the broad line region is not affected by the jet emission. We show the broad-band SEDs corresponding to the epochs of the XMM-Newton pointings and compare them to those obtained at other epochs, when the source was in different brightness states. A double power-law fit to the EPIC spectra including extra absorption suggests that the soft-X-ray spectrum is concave, and that the curvature becomes more pronounced as the flux decreases. This connects fairly well with the UV excess, which becomes more prominent with decreasing flux. The most obvious interpretation implies that, as the beamed synchrotron radiation from the jet dims, we can see both the head and the tail of the big blue bump. The X-ray flux correlates with the optical flux, suggesting that in the inverse-Compton process either the seed photons are synchrotron photons at IR-optical frequencies or the relativistic electrons are those that produce the optical synchrotron emission. The X-ray radiation would thus be produced in the jet region from where the IR-optical emission comes. C1 [Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; Lanteri, L.; Smart, R. L.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, Turin, Italy. [Larionov, V. M.; Hagen-Thorn, V. A.; Konstantinova, T. S.; Kopatskaya, E. N.; Larionova, L. V.] St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Larionov, V. M.; Arkharov, A. A.] Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Gurwell, M. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chen, W. P.; Hsiao, W. -S.; Lin, H. -C.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Chungli, Taiwan. [Aller, M. F.; Aller, H. D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bottcher, M.; Principe, D.; Ragozzine, B.; Uckert, K.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Hroch, F.] Masaryk Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, CS-60177 Brno, Czech Republic. [Lahteenmaki, A.; Tornikoski, M.] Helsinki Univ Technol, Metsahovi Radio Obs, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. [Nilsson, K.; Berdyugin, A.; Takalo, L. O.] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, Piikkio, Finland. [Ohlert, J.] Michael Adrian Observ, Trebur, Germany. [Papadakis, I. E.] FORTH, IESL, Iraklion, Crete, Greece. [Papadakis, I. E.; Chatzopoulos, E.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Khania, Greece. [Agudo, I.; Gomez, J. L.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Angelakis, E.; Bach, U.; Fuhrmann, L.; Krichbaum, T. P.; Marchili, N.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Bachev, R.; Mihov, B.; Semkov, E.; Strigachev, A.; Valcheva, A.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Astron, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Buemi, C. S.; Frasca, A.; Marilli, E.; Trigilio, C.; Umana, G.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, Catania, Italy. [Charlot, P.; Le Campion, J. -F.] Univ Bordeaux, Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, Floirac, France. [Charlot, P.; Le Campion, J. -F.] CNRS, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, UMR 5804, Floirac, France. [Gupta, A. C.; Sagar, R.] ARIES, Naini Tal, India. [Jordan, B.] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, Dublin, Ireland. [Jorstad, S. G.; Marscher, A. P.] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Latev, G.; Ovcharov, E.] Univ Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria. [McBreen, B.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Nesci, R.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, Rome, Italy. [Nicastro, F.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, Rome, Italy. [Novak, R.] N Copernicus Observ & Planetarium Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. [Pian, E.] Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, Trieste, Italy. [Pursimo, T.] Nord Opt Telescope, Santa Cruz De Palma, Italy. [Sadun, A. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Smith, N.] Cork Inst Technol, Cork, Ireland. [Tavani, M.] IASF, INAF, Rome, Italy. [Vercellone, S.] IASF, INAF, Milan, Italy. [Wiesemeyer, H.] Inst Radioastron Millimetr, Granada, Spain. RP Raiteri, CM (reprint author), Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, Turin, Italy. EM raiteri@oato.inaf.it; villata@oato.inaf.it RI Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir/H-3983-2013; Papadakis, Iossif/C-3235-2011; Larionov, Valeri/H-1349-2013; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/H-4720-2013; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Kurtanidze, Omar/J-6237-2014; Agudo, Ivan/G-1701-2015; Jorstad, Svetlana/H-6913-2013; Grishina, Tatiana/H-6873-2013 OI Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806; Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364; Vercellone, Stefano/0000-0003-1163-1396; Frasca, Antonio/0000-0002-0474-0896; Raiteri, Claudia Maria/0000-0003-1784-2784; Tavani, Marco/0000-0003-2893-1459; Pian, Elena/0000-0001-8646-4858; Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir/0000-0002-6431-8590; Larionova, Liudmila/0000-0002-0274-1481; Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Kopatskaya, Evgenia/0000-0001-9518-337X; Agudo, Ivan/0000-0002-3777-6182; Jorstad, Svetlana/0000-0001-9522-5453; Grishina, Tatiana/0000-0002-3953-6676 FU Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; National Science Foundation; University of Michigan; Academy of Finland; Italian Space Agency [ASI-INAF I/088/06/0]; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [AYA2007-67626-C03-03]; INSU/CNRS (France); MPG (Germany); IGN (Spain) FX This work is partly based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, operated on the island of La Palma jointly by Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, and on observations collected at the German-Spanish Calar Alto Observatory, jointly operated by the MPIA and the IAA-CSIC. AZT-24 observations are made within an agreement between Pulkovo, Rome and Teramo observatories. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. This research has made use of data from the University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and by funds from the University of Michigan. The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland. This work is partly based on observation from Medicina and Noto telescopes operated by INAF - Istituto di Radioastronomia and the 100-m telescope of the MPIfR (Max-Planck-Institut fr Radioastronomie) at Effelsberg. The Torino team acknowledges financial support by the Italian Space Agency through contract ASI-INAF I/088/06/0 for the Study of High-Energy Astrophysics. Acquisition of the MAPCAT data at the Calar Alto Observatory is supported in part by the Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" through grant AYA2007-67626-C03-03. This paper is partly based on observations carried out at the IRAM 30-m telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). NR 50 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 491 IS 3 BP 755 EP 766 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200810869 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 375ZS UT WOS:000261152900013 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PF Hernquist, L Cox, TJ Younger, JD Besla, G AF Hopkins, Philip F. Hernquist, Lars Cox, Thomas J. Younger, Joshua D. Besla, Gurtina TI THE RADICAL CONSEQUENCES OF REALISTIC SATELLITE ORBITS FOR THE HEATING AND IMPLIED MERGER HISTORIES OF GALACTIC DISKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: theory; galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: spiral ID COLD DARK-MATTER; CLOSE GALAXY PAIRS; EDGE-ON GALAXIES; VELOCITY-DISPERSION-RELATION; DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; TRIGGERED STAR-FORMATION; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM PROBLEM; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; LAMBDA-CDM AB Previous models of galactic disk heating in interactions invoke restrictive assumptions not necessarily valid in modern Delta CDM contexts: that satellites are rigid and orbits are circular, with slow decay over many orbital periods from dynamical friction. This leads to a linear scaling of disk heating with satellite mass: disk heights and velocity dispersions scale proportional to M-sat/M-disk. In turn, observed disk thicknesses present strong constraints on merger histories: the implication for the Milky Way is that <5% of its mass could come from mergers since z similar to 2, in conflict with cosmological predictions. More realistically, satellites merge on nearly radial orbits, and once near the disk, resonant interactions efficiently remove angular momentum while tidal stripping removes mass, leading to rapid merger/destruction in a couple of free-fall plunges. Under these conditions the proper heating efficiency is nonlinear in mass ratio, proportional to(M-sat/M-disk)(2). We derive the scaling of disk scale heights and velocity dispersions as a function of mass ratio and disk gas content in this regime, and show that this accurately describes the results of simulations with appropriate "live'' halos and disks. Under realistic circumstances, we show that disk heating in minor mergers is suppressed by an order of magnitude relative to the expectations of previous analyses. We show that the Milky Way disk could have experienced similar to 5-10 independent 1 : 10 mass ratio mergers since z similar to 2, in agreement with cosmological models. Because the realistic heating rates are nonlinear in mass, the predicted heating is dominated by the more stochastic, rare low mass ratio mergers, and the existence of populations with little or no thick disk does not require fundamental modifications to the cosmology. This also leads to important differences in the predicted isophotal shapes of bulge-disk systems along the Hubble sequence. C1 [Hopkins, Philip F.; Hernquist, Lars; Cox, Thomas J.; Younger, Joshua D.; Besla, Gurtina] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hopkins, PF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NSF [ACI 96-19019, AST 00-71019, AST 02-06299, AST 03-07690]; NASAATP [NAG5-12140, NAG5-13292, NAG5-13381]; W. M. Keck Foundation FX We thank Shardha Jogee, John Kormendy, and Todd Thompson for helpful discussions. We also thank Kyle Stewart for sharing suggestions and simulation results. This work was supported in part by NSF grants ACI 96-19019, AST 00-71019, AST 02-06299, and AST 03-07690, and NASAATP grants NAG5-12140, NAG5-13292, and NAG5-13381. Support for T. J. C. was provided by the W. M. Keck Foundation. NR 94 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP 757 EP 769 DI 10.1086/592087 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373VU UT WOS:000261002400004 ER PT J AU Franx, M van Dokkum, PG Schreiber, NMF Wuyts, S Labbe, I Toft, S AF Franx, Marijn van Dokkum, Pieter G. Schreiber, Natascha M. Foerster Wuyts, Stijn Labbe, Ivo Toft, Sune TI STRUCTURE AND STAR FORMATION IN GALAXIES OUT TO z=3: EVIDENCE FOR SURFACE DENSITY DEPENDENT EVOLUTION AND UPSIZING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: high-redshift ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; GOODS-MUSIC SAMPLE; ULTRA-DEEP-FIELD; STELLAR MASS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; FORMING GALAXIES; FORMATION HISTORY AB We present an analysis of galaxies in the CDF-South. We find a tight relation to z = 3 between color and size at a given mass, with red galaxies being small, and blue galaxies being large. We show that the relation is driven by stellar surface density or inferred velocity dispersion: galaxies with high surface density are red and have low specific star formation rates, and galaxies with low surface density are blue and have high specific star formation rates. Surface density and inferred velocity dispersion are better correlated with specific star formation rate and color than stellar mass. Hence stellar mass by itself is not a good predictor of the star formation history of galaxies. In general, galaxies at a given surface density have higher specific star formation rates at higher redshift. Specifically, galaxies with a surface density of (1-3) x 10(9) M-circle dot kpc(-2) are "red and dead'' at low redshift, approximately 50% are forming stars at z = 1, and almost all are forming stars by z = 2. This provides direct additional evidence for the late evolution of galaxies onto the red sequence. The sizes of galaxies at a given mass evolve like 1/(1 + z)(0.59 +/- 0.10). Hence galaxies undergo significant upsizing in their history. The size evolution is fastest for the highest mass galaxies and quiescent galaxies. The persistence of the structural relations from z = 0 to z = 2.5, and the upsizing of galaxies imply that a relation analogous to the Hubble sequence exists out to z = 2.5, and possibly beyond. The star-forming galaxies at z >= 1.5 are quite different from star-forming galaxies at z = 0, as they have likely very high gas fractions, and star formation timescales comparable to the orbital time. C1 [Franx, Marijn] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [van Dokkum, Pieter G.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Schreiber, Natascha M. Foerster] MPE, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Wuyts, Stijn] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Labbe, Ivo] Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Toft, Sune] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Franx, M (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. NR 98 TC 217 Z9 218 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP 770 EP 788 DI 10.1086/592431 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373VU UT WOS:000261002400005 ER PT J AU Park, T van Dyk, DA Siemiginowska, A AF Park, Taeyoung van Dyk, David A. Siemiginowska, Aneta TI SEARCHING FOR NARROW EMISSION LINES IN X-RAY SPECTRA: COMPUTATION AND METHODS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods: statistical; quasars: emission lines ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RADIO-QUIET QUASARS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; ABSORPTION-LINES; LIKELIHOOD RATIO; EM ALGORITHM; BLACK-HOLES; IRON LINES; MODEL; CHANDRA AB The detection and quantification of narrow emission lines in X-ray spectra is a challenging statistical task. The Poisson nature of the photon counts leads to local random fluctuations in the observed spectrum that often result in excess emission in a narrow band of energy resembling a weak narrow line. From a formal statistical perspective, this leads to a ( sometimes highly) multimodal likelihood. Many standard statistical procedures are based on ( asymptotic) Gaussian approximations to the likelihood and simply cannot be used in such settings. Bayesian methods offer a more direct paradigm for accounting for such complicated likelihood functions, but even here multimodal likelihoods pose significant computational challenges. The new Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods developed in 2008 by van Dyk and Park, however, are able to fully explore the complex posterior distribution of the location of a narrow line, and thus provide valid statistical inference. Even with these computational tools, standard statistical quantities such as means and standard deviations cannot adequately summarize inference and standard testing procedures cannot be used to test for emission lines. In this paper, we use new efficient MCMC algorithms to fit the location of narrow emission lines, we develop new statistical strategies for summarizing highly multimodal distributions and quantifying valid statistical inference, and we extend the method of posterior predictive p-values proposed by Protassov and coworkers to test for the presence of narrow emission lines in X-ray spectra. We illustrate and validate our methods using simulation studies and apply them to the Chandra observations of the high-redshift quasar PG 1634+706. C1 [Park, Taeyoung] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Stat, Pittsburgh, PA 15120 USA. [van Dyk, David A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Stat, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Siemiginowska, Aneta] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Park, T (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Stat, 4200 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15120 USA. OI Van Dyk, David/0000-0002-0816-331X NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP 807 EP 825 DI 10.1086/591631 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373VU UT WOS:000261002400008 ER PT J AU Evans, DA Hardcastle, MJ Lee, JC Kraft, RP Worrall, DM Birkinshaw, M Croston, JH AF Evans, Daniel A. Hardcastle, Martin J. Lee, Julia C. Kraft, Ralph P. Worrall, Diana M. Birkinshaw, Mark Croston, Judith H. TI XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS OF THE NUCLEI OF THE RADIO GALAXIES 3C 305, DA 240, AND 4C 73.08 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (3C 305, 4C 73.08, DA 240); galaxies: jets ID X-RAY-EMISSION; COMPLETE SAMPLE; HOT-SPOTS; FR-I; SPECTRAL SIGNATURES; CHANDRA VIEW; FAST SHOCKS; HST VIEW; REDSHIFT; 3C-305 AB We present new XMM-Newton EPIC observations of the nuclei of the nearby radio galaxies 3C 305, DA 240, and 4C 73.08, and investigate the origin of their nuclear X-ray emission. The nuclei of the three sources appear to have different relative contributions of accretion- and jet-related X-ray emission, as expected based on earlier work. The X-ray spectrum of the FR II narrow-line radio galaxy ( NLRG) 4C 73.08 is modeled with the sum of a heavily absorbed power law that we interpret to be associated with a luminous accretion disk and circumnuclear obscuring structure, and an unabsorbed power law that originates in an unresolved jet. This behavior is consistent with other narrow-line radio galaxies. The X-ray emission of the low-excitation FR II radio galaxy DA 240 is best modeled as an unabsorbed power law that we associate with a parsec-scale jet, similar to other low-excitation sources that we have studied previously. However, the X-ray nucleus of the narrow-line radio galaxy 3C 305 shows no evidence for the heavily absorbed X-ray emission that has been found in other NLRGs. It is possible that the nuclear optical spectrum in 3C 305 is intrinsically weak-lined, with the strong emission arising from extended regions that indicate the presence of jet-environment interactions. Our observations of 3C 305 suggest that this source is more closely related to other weak-lined radio galaxies. This ambiguity could extend to other sources currently classified as NLRGs. We also present XMM-Newton and VLA observations of the hot spot of DA 240, arguing that this is another detection of X-ray synchrotron emission from a low-luminosity hot spot. C1 [Evans, Daniel A.; Lee, Julia C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Evans, Daniel A.; Lee, Julia C.; Kraft, Ralph P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hardcastle, Martin J.; Croston, Judith H.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Worrall, Diana M.; Birkinshaw, Mark] Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RP Evans, DA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; Lee, Julia/G-2381-2015 OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Lee, Julia/0000-0002-7336-3588 FU NASA [NNX06AG37]; Royal Society for a Research Fellowship; ESA Member States and NASA; National Science Foundation; Associated Universities, Inc; NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED); Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX D. A. E. gratefully acknowledges financial support for this work from NASA under grant number NNX06AG37G. M. J. H. thanks the Royal Society for a Research Fellowship. We wish to thank the anonymous referee for valuable comments. We also thank Dan Harris and Francesco Massaro for useful discussions of the nuclear properties of 3C 305. This work is based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP 844 EP 851 DI 10.1086/592266 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373VU UT WOS:000261002400011 ER PT J AU Bush, SJ Wang, Z Karovska, M Fazio, GG AF Bush, Stephanie J. Wang, Zhong Karovska, Margarita Fazio, Giovanni G. TI THE STRUCTURE OF ACTIVE MERGER REMNANT NGC 6240 FROM IRAC OBSERVATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: irregular; galaxies: interactions; galaxies: photometry; infrared: galaxies ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; GALACTIC NUCLEI; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; LUMINOUS GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; MOLECULAR GAS; COSMOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK; INTERACTING GALAXY AB NGC 6240 is a rare object in the local universe: an active merger remnant viewed at the point of merging where two active galactic nuclei are visible. We present IRAC data of this object, providing high-sensitivity maps of the stellar and PAH distribution in this complicated system. We use photometry to analyze the variation in these distributions with radius and provide an SED in the four IRAC bands: 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8 mu m. We fit the radial profiles of the 3.6 mu m band to r(1/4) and exponential profiles to evaluate the structure of the remnant. Finally, we compare the IRAC images with multiwavelength data and examine how outflows in the X-ray, H alpha, and CO correlate with 8 mu m emission. The results support the general picture of NGC 6240 as a system experiencing a majormerger and transitioning from a disk galaxy to a spheroid. The sensitivity of IRAC to low surface brightness mid-infrared features provides detailed information on the extended distributions of stars and dust in this rare system. C1 [Bush, Stephanie J.; Wang, Zhong; Karovska, Margarita; Fazio, Giovanni G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02143 USA. RP Bush, SJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02143 USA. FU Chandra X-Ray Center; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA [NAS8-03060]; Multimission Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute ( MAST); Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.; MAST; NASA Office of Space Science [NAG5-7584]; NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED); Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors gratefully thank Jiasheng Huang, Massimo Marengo, and Joe Hora for assistance in reducing the IRAC data. We also thank Chris Mihos and Lars Hernquist for useful comments and discussions. We would like to thank the referee for helpful comments and guidance. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA. M. K. is a member of the Chandra X-Ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Contract NAS8-03060. Some of the data presented in this paper were obtained from the Multimission Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute ( MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NAG5-7584 and by other grants and contracts. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP 875 EP 884 DI 10.1086/592180 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373VU UT WOS:000261002400014 ER PT J AU Higdon, JL Higdon, SJU Willner, SP Brown, MJI Stern, D Le Floc'h, E Eisenhardt, P AF Higdon, J. L. Higdon, S. J. U. Willner, S. P. Brown, M. J. I. Stern, D. Le Floc'h, E. Eisenhardt, P. TI RADIO AND INFRARED SELECTED OPTICALLY INVISIBLE SOURCES IN THE BOOTES NDWFS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: starburst; infrared: galaxies; radio continuum: galaxies ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; HIGH-REDSHIFT; LUMINOUS GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; FORMING GALAXIES AB We have combined data from the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey in Bootes and the Spitzer Space Telescope to determine basic properties for 16 optically "invisible'' MIPS 24 mu m and 35 optically invisible radio sources (OIMSs and OIRSs, respectively), including their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and luminosities. Most OIMSs possess steep power-law SEDs over lambda(rest) = 1-10 mu m, indicating the presence of obscured AGNs in agreement with Spitzer spectroscopy. These objects are extremely luminous at rest-frame near- and mid-IR [vLv(5 mu m) approximate to 10(38)-10(39) W], consistent with accretion near the Eddington limit and further implying that they host buried QSOs. The majority of the IRAC-detected OIRSs have flat 3.6-24 mu m SEDs, implying comparable emission from stellar photospheres and hot AGN-illuminated dust. This may reflect relatively small amounts of dust close to the central engine or current low mass accretion rates. A small subset of OIRSs appear to be starburst-dominated with photometric redshifts from 1.0 to 4.5. The OIMSs and OIRSs with significant starburst components have similar L-K and stellar masses (M* approximate to 10(11) M-circle dot) assuming minimal AGN contribution. Roughly half of the OIRSs are not detected by Spitzer IRAC or MIPS. These are most likely z >= 2 radio galaxies. The IRAC-detected OIRSs are more likely than OIMSs to appear nonpointlike in the 3.6 and 4.5 mu m images, suggesting that interactions play a role in triggering their activity. The AGN-powered OIMSs may represent submillimeter galaxies making the transition from starburst to accretion dominance in their evolution to current-epoch massive ellipticals. C1 [Higdon, J. L.; Higdon, S. J. U.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Willner, S. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brown, M. J. I.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Stern, D.; Eisenhardt, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Le Floc'h, E.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Le Floc'h, E.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Higdon, JL (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RI Brown, Michael/B-1181-2015 OI Brown, Michael/0000-0002-1207-9137 FU NASA through awards issued by JPL/Caltech; NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED); Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We wish to thank Terry Herter for valuable discussions relating to the template-fitting routines, as well as Julien Devriendt and Kevin Xu for access to their libraries of galaxy SEDs. We also wish to thank the anonymous referee for helpful suggestions and comments. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through awards issued by JPL/Caltech. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP 885 EP 904 DI 10.1086/591069 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373VU UT WOS:000261002400015 ER PT J AU Kim, DW Kim, E Fabbiano, G Trinchieri, G AF Kim, Dong-Woo Kim, Eunhyeuk Fabbiano, Giuseppina Trinchieri, Ginevra TI X-RAY TAIL IN NGC 7619 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (NGC 7619, NGC 7626); galaxies: ISM; X-rays: galaxies ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; CHANDRA MULTIWAVELENGTH PROJECT; ROSAT-PSPC OBSERVATIONS; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; VIRGO CLUSTER; HOT GAS; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; COLD FRONTS; ABUNDANCES AB We present new observational results of NGC 7619, an elliptical galaxy with a prominent X-ray tail and a dominant member of the Pegasus group. With Chandra and XMM-Newton observations, we confirm the presence of a long X-ray tail in the southwest direction; moreover, we identify for the first time a sharp discontinuity of the X-ray surface brightness in the opposite ( northeast) side of the galaxy. The density, temperature, and pressure jump at the northeast discontinuity suggest a Mach number similar to 1, corresponding to a galaxy velocity of similar to 500 km s(-1), relative to the surrounding hot gas. Spectral analysis of these data shows that the iron abundance of the hot gaseous medium is much higher (1-2 solar) near the center of NGC 7619 and in the tail extending from the core than in the surrounding regions (<= 1/2 solar), indicating that the gas in the tail is originated from the galaxy. The possible origin of the head-tail structure is either ongoing ram pressure stripping or sloshing. The morphology of the structure is more in line with a ram pressure stripping phenomenon, while the position of NGC 7619 at the center of the Pegasus I group, and its dominance, would prefer sloshing. C1 [Kim, Dong-Woo; Fabbiano, Giuseppina] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kim, Eunhyeuk] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Trinchieri, Ginevra] Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, Milan, Italy. RP Kim, DW (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Trinchieri, Ginevra/0000-0002-0227-502X FU NASA [G03-4109X, NNGO4GC63G] FX This work was supported by NASA grant G03-4109X and NNGO4GC63G. We thank the anonymous referee and M. Markevitch for helping us to improve the discussion on the sloshing mechanism. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP 931 EP 944 DI 10.1086/592211 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373VU UT WOS:000261002400018 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, S Fenner, Y Cox, TJ Hernquist, L Whitney, BA AF Chakrabarti, Sukanya Fenner, Yeshe Cox, T. J. Hernquist, Lars Whitney, Barbara A. TI AN EVOLUTIONARY MODEL FOR SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies: formation; infrared: galaxies; radiative transfer; stars: formation ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; X-RAY-EMISSION; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; BLACK-HOLES AB We calculate multiwavelength spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from simulations of major galaxy mergers with black hole feedback that produce submillimeter bright galaxies (SMGs), using the self-consistent three-dimensional radiative transfer code RADISHE. These calculations allow us to predict multiwavelength correlations for this important class of galaxies. We review star formation rates, the time evolution of the 850 mu m fluxes, along with the time evolution of the M-BH-M* relation of the SMGs formed in the mergers. We reproduce correlations for local AGNs observed in Spitzer Space Telescope's IRACbands, and make definitive predictions for infrared X-ray correlations. Our dynamical approach allows us to directly correlate observed clustering in the data as seen in IRAC color-color plots with the relative amount of time the system spends in a region of color-color space. We also find that this clustering is positively correlated with the stars dominating in their contribution to the total bolometric luminosity. We compare our calculated SEDs to observations of SMGs and find good agreement. We introduce a simple, heuristic classification scheme which we present in terms of the L-IR/L-X ratios of these galaxies, which may be interpreted as an evolutionary scheme, as these galaxies evolve in L-IR/L-X while transiting from a X-ray underluminous infrared bright phase (class I, L-IR/L-X >= 100), through a quasar phase (class II, L-IR/L-X similar to 25), to a merger remnant (class III, L-IR/L-X <= 10). We find that SMGs are a broader class of systems than starbursts or quasars, traversing the range from class I to class II systems. C1 [Chakrabarti, Sukanya; Fenner, Yeshe; Cox, T. J.; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chakrabarti, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM schakrabarti@cfa.harvard.edu FU National Science Foundation Postdoctoral FX National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow. NR 119 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP 972 EP 989 DI 10.1086/591721 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373VU UT WOS:000261002400020 ER PT J AU Trinchieri, G Pellegrini, S Fabbiano, G Fu, R Brassington, NJ Zezas, A Kim, DW Gallagher, J Angelini, L Davies, RL Kalogera, V King, AR Zepf, S AF Trinchieri, G. Pellegrini, S. Fabbiano, G. Fu, R. Brassington, N. J. Zezas, A. Kim, D. -W. Gallagher, J. Angelini, L. Davies, R. L. Kalogera, V. King, A. R. Zepf, S. TI DISCOVERY OF HOT GAS IN OUTFLOW IN NGC 3379 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies: individual (NGC 3379); X-rays: galaxies; X-rays: ISM ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; CCD SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; X-RAY-EMISSION; TO-LIGHT RATIO; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DARK-MATTER; STELLAR POPULATION; BLACK-HOLES; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; DEEP CHANDRA AB We report the discovery of a faint (L-X similar to 4 +/- 1.5 x 10(37) ergs s(-1), 0.5-2 keV), outflowing gaseous hot interstellar medium (ISM) in NGC 3379. This represents the lowest X-ray luminosity ever measured from a hot phase of the ISM in a nearby early-type galaxy. The discovery of the hot ISM in a very deep Chandra observation was possible thanks to its unique spectral and spatial signatures, which distinguish it from the integrated stellar X-ray emission, responsible for most of the unresolved emission in the Chandra data. This hot component is found in a region of similar to 800 pc in radius at the center of the galaxy and has a total mass M similar to 3 +/- 1 x 10(5) M-circle dot. Independent theoretical prediction of the characteristics of an ISM in this galaxy, based on the intrinsic properties of NGC 3379, reproduce well the observed luminosity, temperature, and radial distribution and mass of the hot gas, and indicate that the gas is in an outflowing phase, predicted by models but not observed in any system so far. C1 [Trinchieri, G.] Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-20212 Milan, Italy. [Pellegrini, S.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Fabbiano, G.; Fu, R.; Brassington, N. J.; Zezas, A.; Kim, D. -W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gallagher, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Angelini, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Davies, R. L.] Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Kalogera, V.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [King, A. R.] Univ Leicester, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Zepf, S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Trinchieri, G (reprint author), Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, Via Brera 28, I-20212 Milan, Italy. EM ginevra.trinchieri@brera.inaf.it RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Trinchieri, Ginevra/0000-0002-0227-502X FU Chandra X-Ray Center (CXC) CIAO software and CALDB; SAOImage DS9; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Chandra GO [G06-7079A]; NASA LTSA [NAG5-13056]; Italian Space Agency ASI (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana) through grant ASI-INAF [I/023/05/0]; [NAS8-39073] FX We thank Stefano Andreon for many interesting discussions on the statistical aspects of the data analysis, and Terry Gaetz and Diab Jerius for their help in understanding the PSF issues. We thank the referee for raising the issue of the effects of the PSF, which prompted us to better investigate the reliability of the results. The data analysis was supported by the Chandra X-Ray Center (CXC) CIAO software and CALDB, and has made use of the SAOImage DS9 and funtools softwares, developed by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. We have used the NASA NED and ADS facilities, and have extracted archival data from the Chandra, HST, and 2MASS archives. This work was supported by the Chandra GO grant G06-7079A ( PI: G. Fabbiano) and subcontract G06-7079B ( PI: V. Kalogera). We acknowledge partial support from NASA contract NAS8-39073 (CXC); A. Zezas acknowledges support from NASA LTSA grant NAG5-13056; S. Pellegrini acknowledges partial financial support from the Italian Space Agency ASI (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana) through grant ASI-INAF I/023/05/0. NR 66 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP 1000 EP 1008 DI 10.1086/592287 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373VU UT WOS:000261002400022 ER PT J AU Mao, SA Gaensler, BM Stanimirovic, S Haverkorn, M McClure-Griffiths, NM Staveley-Smith, L Dickey, JM AF Mao, S. A. Gaensler, B. M. Stanimirovic, S. Haverkorn, M. McClure-Griffiths, N. M. Staveley-Smith, L. Dickey, J. M. TI A RADIO AND OPTICAL POLARIZATION STUDY OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; polarization; Magellanic Clouds ID MILKY-WAY; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ROTATION MEASURES; IONIZED-GAS; INTERSTELLAR POLARIZATION; IRREGULAR GALAXIES; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; FARADAY-ROTATION; SPIRAL GALAXIES; GALACTIC DYNAMO AB We present a study of the magnetic field of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), carried out using radio Faraday rotation and optical starlight polarization data. Consistent negative rotation measures (RMs) across the SMC indicate that the line-of-sight magnetic field is directed uniformly away from us with a strength 0.19 +/- 0.06 mu G. Applying the Chandrasekhar-Fermi method to starlight polarization data yields an ordered magnetic field in the plane of the sky of strength 1.6 +/- 0.4 mu G oriented at a position angle 4 degrees +/- 12 degrees, measured counterclockwise from the great circle on the sky joining the SMC to the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We construct a three-dimensional magnetic field model of the SMC, under the assumption that the RMs and starlight polarization probe the same underlying large-scale field. The vector defining the overall orientation of the SMC magnetic field shows a potential alignment with the vector joining the center of the SMC to the center of the LMC, suggesting the possibility of a "pan-Magellanic'' magnetic field. A cosmic-ray-driven dynamo is the most viable explanation of the observed field geometry, but has difficulties accounting for the observed unidirectional field lines. A study of Faraday rotation through the Magellanic Bridge is needed to further test the pan-Magellanic field hypothesis. C1 [Mao, S. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gaensler, B. M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Stanimirovic, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Haverkorn, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McClure-Griffiths, N. M.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Staveley-Smith, L.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Dickey, J. M.] Univ Tasmania, Dept Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Mao, SA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM samao@cfa.harvard.edu RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Staveley-Smith, Lister/A-1683-2011; Dickey, John/C-6156-2013; OI Staveley-Smith, Lister/0000-0002-8057-0294; McClure-Griffiths, Naomi/0000-0003-2730-957X; Dickey, John/0000-0002-6300-7459; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 FU National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO); Associated Universities Inc; National Science Foundation [AST-0307358]; Australia Telescope Compact Array is part of the Australian Telescope; CSIRO; Southern Alpha Sky Survey Atlas (SHASSA) FX We thank Joseph Gelfand for carrying out the ATCA observations, Anvar Shukurov, Erik Muller, Alyssa Goodman, and Douglas Finkbeiner for useful discussions, and Rainer Beck, Marita Krause, and Ellie Berkhuijsen for their help and hospitality during S. A. M. 's visit to the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy. M. H. acknowledges support from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), which is operated by Associated Universities Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation through grant AST-0307358 to Harvard College Observatory. The Australia Telescope Compact Array is part of the Australian Telescope, which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. The Southern Alpha Sky Survey Atlas (SHASSA) is supported by the NSF. NR 97 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP 1029 EP 1049 DI 10.1086/590546 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373VU UT WOS:000261002400025 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Allen, B Aune, T Berley, D Blaufuss, E Casanova, S Chen, C Dingus, BL Ellsworth, RW Fleysher, L Fleysher, R Gonzalez, MM Goodman, JA Hoffman, CM Huntemeyer, PH Kolterman, BE Lansdell, CP Linnemann, JT McEnery, JE Mincer, AI Moskalenko, IV Nemethy, P Noyes, D Porter, TA Pretz, J Ryan, JM Parkinson, PMS Shoup, A Sinnis, G Smith, AJ Strong, AW Sullivan, GW Vasileiou, V Walker, GP Williams, DA Yodh, GB AF Abdo, A. A. Allen, B. Aune, T. Berley, D. Blaufuss, E. Casanova, S. Chen, C. Dingus, B. L. Ellsworth, R. W. Fleysher, L. Fleysher, R. Gonzalez, M. M. Goodman, J. A. Hoffman, C. M. Huentemeyer, P. H. Kolterman, B. E. Lansdell, C. P. Linnemann, J. T. McEnery, J. E. Mincer, A. I. Moskalenko, I. V. Nemethy, P. Noyes, D. Porter, T. A. Pretz, J. Ryan, J. M. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Shoup, A. Sinnis, G. Smith, A. J. Strong, A. W. Sullivan, G. W. Vasileiou, V. Walker, G. P. Williams, D. A. Yodh, G. B. TI MEASUREMENT OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFUSE TeV GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE GALACTIC PLANE WITH MILAGRO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: observations ID COSMIC-RAY; GALAXY; J2032+4130; DISCOVERY; SPECTRUM; CYGNUS; EXCESS; MATTER; RIDGE AB Diffuse gamma-ray emission produced by the interaction of cosmic-ray particles with matter and radiation in the Galaxy can be used to probe the distribution of cosmic rays and their sources in different regions of the Galaxy. With its large field of view and long observation time, the Milagro Gamma Ray Observatory is an ideal instrument for surveying large regions of the northern hemisphere sky and for detecting diffuse gamma-ray emission at very high energies. Here the spatial distribution and the flux of the diffuse gamma-ray emission in the TeV energy range with a median energy of 15 TeV for Galactic longitude between 30 degrees and 110 degrees and between 136 degrees and 216 degrees and for Galactic latitude between -10 degrees and 10 degrees are determined. The measured fluxes are consistent with predictions of the GALPROP model everywhere, except for the Cygnus region (l is an element of[65 degrees, 85 degrees]). For the Cygnus region, the flux is twice the predicted value. This excess can be explained by the presence of active cosmic-ray sources accelerating hadrons, which interact with the local dense interstellar medium and produce gamma rays through pion decay. C1 [Abdo, A. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Allen, B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Aune, T.; Porter, T. A.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Berley, D.; Blaufuss, E.; Goodman, J. A.; Noyes, D.; Smith, A. J.; Sullivan, G. W.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Casanova, S.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Chen, C.; Yodh, G. B.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Dingus, B. L.; Hoffman, C. M.; Huentemeyer, P. H.; Pretz, J.; Sinnis, G.; Walker, G. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Ellsworth, R. W.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Fleysher, L.; Fleysher, R.; Kolterman, B. E.; Mincer, A. I.; Nemethy, P.] NYU, New York, NY USA. [Gonzalez, M. M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Lansdell, C. P.] Inst Def Anal, Alexandria, VA USA. [Linnemann, J. T.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McEnery, J. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Moskalenko, I. V.] Stanford Univ, HEPL, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Moskalenko, I. V.] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ryan, J. M.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Shoup, A.] Ohio State Univ, Lima, OH 45804 USA. [Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Casanova, Sabrina/J-8935-2013; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; OI Casanova, Sabrina/0000-0002-6144-9122; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0245234, PHY-0302000, PHY-0400424, PHY-0504201, PHY-0601080, ATM-0002744]; Department of Energy (Office of High Energy Physics); Los Alamos National Laboratory; University of California; Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics at Los Alamos National Laboratory; NASA APRA FX We thank Scott Delay, Michael Schneider, and Owen Marshall for their dedicated efforts on the Milagro experiment. We also gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation (under grants PHY-0245234, -0302000, -0400424, -0504201, -0601080, and ATM-0002744), the Department of Energy (Office of High Energy Physics), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the University of California, and the Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics at Los Alamos National Laboratory. I.V. Moskalenko acknowledges partial support from the NASA APRA grant. NR 35 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP 1078 EP 1083 DI 10.1086/592213 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373VU UT WOS:000261002400028 ER PT J AU Koenig, XP Allen, LE Gutermuth, RA Hora, JL Brunt, CM Muzerolle, J AF Koenig, Xavier P. Allen, Lori E. Gutermuth, Robert A. Hora, Joseph L. Brunt, Christopher M. Muzerolle, James TI CLUSTERED AND TRIGGERED STAR FORMATION IN W5: OBSERVATIONS WITH SPITZER SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE H II regions; infrared: stars; ISM: globules; stars: early-type; stars: formation; stars: pre-main-sequence ID INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; YOUNG STELLAR CLUSTER; T-TAURI STARS; INTERSTELLAR DUST; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; FORMING REGIONS; MASS STARS; MILKY-WAY; AFGL 4029 AB We present images and initial results from our extensive Spitzer Space Telescope imaging survey of the W5 H II region with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS). We detect dense clusters of stars, centered on the O stars HD 18326, BD + 60 586, HD 17505, and HD 17520. At 24 mu m, substantial extended emission is visible, presumably from heated dust grains that survive in the strongly ionizing environment of the H II region. With photometry of more than 18,000 point sources, we analyze the clustering properties of objects classified as young stars by their IR spectral energy distributions (a total of 2064 sources) across the region using a minimal-spanning-tree algorithm. We find similar to 40%-70% of infrared excess sources belong to clusters with >= 10 members. We find that within the evacuated cavities of the H II regions that make up W5, the ratio of Class II to Class I sources is similar to 7 times higher than for objects coincident with molecular gas as traced by (CO)-C-12 emission and near-IR extinction maps. We attribute this contrast to an age difference between the two locations and postulate that at least two distinct generations of star formation are visible across W5. Our preliminary analysis shows that triggering is a plausible mechanism to explain the multiple generations of star formation in W5 and merits further investigation. C1 [Koenig, Xavier P.; Allen, Lori E.; Gutermuth, Robert A.; Hora, Joseph L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brunt, Christopher M.] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Muzerolle, James] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Koenig, XP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650; Koenig, Xavier/0000-0002-9478-4170 NR 85 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP 1142 EP 1158 DI 10.1086/592322 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373VU UT WOS:000261002400035 ER PT J AU Ercolano, B Drake, JJ Reale, F Testa, P Miller, JM AF Ercolano, Barbara Drake, Jeremy J. Reale, Fabio Testa, Paola Miller, Jon M. TI Fe K alpha AND HYDRODYNAMIC LOOP MODEL DIAGNOSTICS FOR A LARGE FLARE ON II PEGASI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: coronae; stars: flare; stars: individual (II Pegasi); X-rays: stars ID X-RAY-EMISSION; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; PHOTOSPHERIC IRON; SMM OBSERVATIONS; ATOMIC DATABASE; LINE EMISSION; SOLAR-FLARES; FLUORESCENCE; ABUNDANCES; PHOTOIONIZATION AB The observation by the Swift X-ray Telescope of the Fe K alpha(1), alpha(2) doublet during a large flare on the RS CVn binary system II Peg represents one of only two firm detections to date of photospheric Fe K alpha from a star other than our Sun. We present models of the Fe K alpha equivalent widths reported in the literature for the II Peg observations and show that they are most probably due to fluorescence following inner shell photoionization of quasi-neutral Fe by the flare X-rays. Our models constrain the maximum height of flare the to 0.15R(*) assuming solar abundances for the photospheric material, and 0.1R(*) and 0.06R(*) assuming depleted photospheric abundances ([M/H] = -0.2 and -0.4, respectively). Accounting for an extended loop geometry has the effect of increasing the estimated flare heights by a factor of similar to 3. These predictions are consistent with those derived using results of flaring-loop models, which are also used to estimate the flaring loop properties and energetics. From loop models we estimate a flare loop height of 0.13R(*), plasma density of similar to 4 x 10(12) cm(-3), and emitting volume of similar to 6 x 10(30) cm(3). Our estimates for the flare dimensions and density allow us to estimate the conductive energy losses to E-cond <= 2 x 10(36) erg, consistent with upper limits previously obtained in the literature. Finally, we estimate the average energy output of this large flare to be similar to 10(33) erg s(-1), or 1/10th of the stellar bolometric luminosity. C1 [Ercolano, Barbara] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 OHA, England. [Drake, Jeremy J.; Testa, Paola] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Reale, Fabio] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Reale, Fabio] INAF Observ Astron Palermo, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Miller, Jon M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ercolano, B (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 OHA, England. FU Chandra X-ray Center; NASA [NAS8-39073]; HEFCE; STFC FX We thank the anonymous referee and the editor for helpful comments that added to the clarity of the paper and the interpretation of the results. J.J.D. was supported by the Chandra X-ray Center, NASA contract NAS8-39073, during the course of this research. The simulations were run on the Cosmos (SGI altix 4700) supercomputer at DAMTP in Cambridge. Cosmos is a UK-CCC facility which is supported by HEFCE and STFC. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP 1315 EP 1319 DI 10.1086/591934 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373VU UT WOS:000261002400047 ER PT J AU Bitner, MA Richter, MJ Lacy, JH Herczeg, GJ Greathouse, TK Jaffe, DT Salyk, C Blake, GA Hollenbach, DJ Doppmann, GW Najita, JR Currie, T AF Bitner, Martin A. Richter, Matthew J. Lacy, John H. Herczeg, Gregory J. Greathouse, Thomas K. Jaffe, Daniel T. Salyk, Colette Blake, Geoffrey A. Hollenbach, David J. Doppmann, Greg W. Najita, Joan R. Currie, Thayne TI THE TEXES SURVEY FOR H-2 EMISSION FROM PROTOPLANETARY DISKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; planetary systems: protoplanetary disks; stars: individual (AB Aur, DoAr 21, Elias 29, GSS 30 IRS 1, GV Tau N, HL Tau); stars: pre-main-sequence ID T-TAURI STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN EMISSION; RHO-OPHIUCHI CLOUD; CO LINE EMISSION; SPACE-OBSERVATORY OBSERVATIONS; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; HERBIG AE STARS; HIGH-RESOLUTION AB We report the results of a search for pure rotational molecular hydrogen emission from the circumstellar environments of young stellar objects with disks using the Texas Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph (TEXES) on the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility and the Gemini North Observatory. We searched for mid-infrared H-2 emission in the S(1), S(2), and S(4) transitions. Keck/NIRSPEC observations of the H-2 S(9) transition were included for some sources as an additional constraint on the gas temperature. We detected H-2 emission from 6 of 29 sources observed: AB Aur, DoAr 21, Elias 29, GSS 30 IRS 1, GV Tau N, and HL Tau. Four of the six targets with detected emission are class I sources that show evidence for surrounding material in an envelope in addition to a circumstellar disk. In these cases, we show that accretion shock heating is a plausible excitation mechanism. The detected emission lines are narrow (similar to 10 km s(-1)), centered at the stellar velocity, and spatially unresolved at scales of 0.4 '', which is consistent with origin from a disk at radii 10-50 AU from the star. In cases where we detect multiple emission lines, we derive temperatures greater than or similar to 500 K from similar to 1 M-circle plus of gas. Our upper limits for the nondetections place upper limits on the amount of H-2 gas with T > 500 K of less than a few Earth masses. Such warm gas temperatures are significantly higher than the equilibrium dust temperatures at these radii, suggesting that the gas is decoupled from the dust in the regions that we are studying and that processes such as UV, X-ray, and accretion heating may be important. C1 [Bitner, Martin A.; Lacy, John H.; Jaffe, Daniel T.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Richter, Matthew J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Herczeg, Gregory J.; Salyk, Colette; Blake, Geoffrey A.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Greathouse, Thomas K.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. [Hollenbach, David J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Doppmann, Greg W.; Najita, Joan R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Currie, Thayne] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bitner, MA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, RLM 15308, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM mbitner@astro.as.utexas.edu OI Greathouse, Thomas/0000-0001-6613-5731; Herczeg, Gregory/0000-0002-7154-6065 FU NSF [AST 06-07312, AST 07-08074]; NASA [NNG04GG92G] FX The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. We thank the Gemini staff, and John White in particular, for their support of TEXES observations on Gemini North. The development of TEXES was supported by grants from the NSF and the NASA/USRA SOFIA project. Modification of TEXES for use on Gemini was supported by Gemini Observatory. Observations with TEXES were supported by NSF grant AST 06-07312. M.J.R. acknowledges support from NSF grant AST 07-08074 and NASA grant NNG04GG92G. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. This work is based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research NR 145 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP 1326 EP 1344 DI 10.1086/592317 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 373VU UT WOS:000261002400049 ER PT J AU Cernicharo, J Guelin, M Agundez, M McCarthy, MC Thaddeus, P AF Cernicharo, J. Guelin, M. Agundez, M. McCarthy, M. C. Thaddeus, P. TI DETECTION OF C5N- AND VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED C6H IN IRC+10216 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; ISM: molecules; radio lines: ISM; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: individual (IRC+10216) ID ASTRONOMICAL DETECTION; INTERSTELLAR DETECTION; ELECTRONIC STATES; IONS; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CANDIDATES; MOLECULES; C4H AB We report the detection in the envelope of the C-rich star IRC + 10216 of four series of lines with harmonically related frequencies: B1389, B1390, B1394, and B1401. The four series must arise from linear molecules with mass and size close to those of C6H and C5N. Three of the series have half-integer rotational quantum numbers; we assign them to the (2)Delta and (2)Sigma(-) vibronic states of C6H in its lowest (nu(11)) bending mode. The fourth series, B1389, has integer J with no evidence of fine or hyperfine structure; it has a rotational constant of 1388.860(2) MHz and a centrifugal distortion constant of 33(1) Hz; it is almost certainly the C5N- anion. C1 [Cernicharo, J.; Agundez, M.] CSIC, DAMIR, Inst Estructura Mat, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Guelin, M.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Guelin, M.] Observ Paris, LRA ENS LERMA, Paris, France. [McCarthy, M. C.; Thaddeus, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McCarthy, M. C.; Thaddeus, P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cernicharo, J (reprint author), CSIC, DAMIR, Inst Estructura Mat, Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain. EM cerni@damir.iem.csic.es RI Agundez, Marcelino/I-5369-2012 OI Agundez, Marcelino/0000-0003-3248-3564 NR 24 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 2 BP L83 EP L86 DI 10.1086/595583 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398LG UT WOS:000262733000007 ER PT J AU Kenyon, SJ Bromley, BC AF Kenyon, Scott J. Bromley, Benjamin C. TI VARIATIONS ON DEBRIS DISKS: ICY PLANET FORMATION AT 30-150 AU FOR 1-3 M-circle dot MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; planetary systems; solar system: formation; stars: formation ID SUN-LIKE STARS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; 4796A CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; LATE HEAVY BOMBARDMENT; KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; N-BODY SIMULATION; BETA-PICTORIS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION AB We describe calculations for the formation of icy planets and debris disks at 30-150 AU around 1-3 M-circle dot stars. Debris disk formation coincides with the formation of planetary systems. As protoplanets grow, they stir leftover planetesimals to large velocities. A cascade of collisions then grinds the leftovers to dust, forming an observable debris disk. Stellar lifetimes and the collisional cascade limit the growth of protoplanets. The maximum radius of icy planets, r(max) approximate to 1750 km, is remarkably independent of initial disk mass, stellar mass, and stellar age. These objects contain less than or similar to 3%-4% of the initial mass in solid material. Collisional cascades produce debris disks with maximum luminosity similar to 2 x 10(-3) times the stellar luminosity. The peak 24 mu m excess varies from similar to 1% times the stellar photospheric flux for 1M(circle dot) stars to similar to 50 times the stellar photospheric flux for 3M(circle dot) stars. The peak 70-850 mu m excesses are similar to 30-100 times the stellar photospheric flux. For all stars, the 24-160 mu m excesses rise at stellar ages of 5-20 Myr, peak at 10-50 Myr, and then decline. The decline is roughly a power law, f alpha t(-n) with n approximate to 0.6-1.0. This predicted evolution agrees with published observations of A-type and solar-type stars. The observed far-IR color evolution of A-type stars also matches model predictions. C1 [Kenyon, Scott J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bromley, Benjamin C.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Kenyon, SJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM skenyon@cfa.harvard.edu; bromley@physics.utah.edu OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 188 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 179 IS 2 BP 451 EP 483 DI 10.1086/591794 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 400IW UT WOS:000262862300008 ER PT J AU Lundquist, LL Fisher, GH McTiernan, JM AF Lundquist, L. L. Fisher, G. H. McTiernan, J. M. TI FORWARD MODELING OF ACTIVE REGION CORONAL EMISSIONS. I. METHODS AND TESTING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE Sun: corona; Sun: magnetic fields; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID SOFT-X-RAY; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS; IMAGING VECTOR MAGNETOGRAPH; MAGNETIC-FIELD PROPERTIES; QUADRATIC SHEPARD METHOD; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; SOLAR CORONA; ATOMIC DATABASE; SCATTERED DATA; MASS EJECTION AB We present a method for simulating coronal emissions from solar active regions using observed photospheric magnetograms and an assumption about the coronal heating mechanism as input. The method invokes a "quasi-force-free" (minimized Lorentz force) coronal magnetic solution and a steady state energy balance model solved along field lines. Coronal heating is included using parameterized approximations relating the heat deposited to properties of the magnetic field. We use calculated temperatures and densities to predict emissions and compare to observations from the Yohkoh Soft X-ray satellite. We use NOAA active region 8210 to test the model's sensitivities. We find predicted intensities and emission morphologies change little with different assumptions for the coronal magnetic field. We test methods for calculating the proportionality constant in a heating scale relationship and find filling factors of similar to(1-5); 10(-2) are needed to match temperature in the cases considered. We investigate the effect of heating scale height, finding that loop-top heating improves temperature predictions but decreases success of the emission morphology prediction. Footpoint heating has the opposite effect. Overall, our model produces relatively robust results for a wide range of assumptions. Yet the results are highly sensitive to the input coronal heating parameterization, making our method a powerful approach for discriminating between heating mechanisms. Nevertheless, we find substantial discrepancies between our synthetic emissions and observed emissions. We investigate sources of discrepancy and suggest that improved magnetic field extrapolations and dynamic heating are necessary to improve simulations. C1 [Lundquist, L. L.; Fisher, G. H.; McTiernan, J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lundquist, L. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lundquist, LL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM llundquist@cfa.harvard.edu RI Fisher, George/G-1380-2015 OI Fisher, George/0000-0002-6912-5704 NR 107 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 179 IS 2 BP 509 EP 533 DI 10.1086/592775 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 400IW UT WOS:000262862300010 ER PT J AU Olsen, BJ Greenberg, R Fleischer, RC Walters, JR AF Olsen, Brian J. Greenberg, Russell Fleischer, Robert C. Walters, Jeffrey R. TI Extrapair paternity in the swamp sparrow, Melospiza georgiana: male access or female preference? SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Relative male quality; Good genes; Sexy son; Breeding synchrony; Breeding density; Sexual dimorphism; Sexual dichromatism ID SOCIALLY MONOGAMOUS PASSERINE; SUPERB FAIRY-WRENS; PAIR PATERNITY; BREEDING SYNCHRONY; SEXUAL SELECTION; SPERM STORAGE; MATING SYSTEMS; BIRDS; POPULATIONS; SONGBIRDS AB Over the past two decades, the combination of molecular and field methods has revealed considerable variation in the level of extrapair fertilizations among socially monogamous birds. Models predicting extrapair young range in scale from a single population to multiple Orders, and there is no single, unifying theory for these reproductive tactics. We investigated proximate explanations of extrapair fertilizations in two subspecies of the swamp sparrow, Melospiza georgiana georgiana and Melospiza georgiana nigrescens, across a range of social and environmental conditions. The presence of extrapair young was best predicted by the size of two male plumage badges ( one correlated with parental care and one with territorial aggression) relative to the badge size of their immediate neighbors, the interaction of these two measures, mean territory size, and the maximum size of the aggression badge among neighbors. The size of the male's parental care badge ( relative to neighbors) was negatively correlated with the probability of lost paternity. The relative size of the aggression badge was positively correlated with the presence of extrapair young when the parental care badge was small and negatively correlated when the badge was large. Controlling for these crown measures, males with larger territories were less likely to suffer losses in paternity. There was no effect of breeding density, breeding synchrony, their interaction, subspecies, or weather during the fertile period on the presence of extrapair young. These results suggest that female preference for males that provide more parental care ( or preference for genes that convey this trait) plays a dominant role in extrapair interactions among swamp sparrows. Models based on female assessments of relative mate quality offer a promising explanation of patterns in extrapair fertilizations among bird species. C1 [Olsen, Brian J.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Olsen, Brian J.; Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Olsen, Brian J.; Walters, Jeffrey R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Fleischer, Robert C.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Olsen, BJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM brian.olsen@umit.maine.edu OI Olsen, Brian/0000-0001-5608-2779 FU Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife; Maryland Ornithological Society; Washington Biologists' Field Club; Washington Group of the Explorer's Club; Eastern Bird Banding Association; Smithsonian Institution's Abbot Fund; Virginia Tech's Graduate Research Development Program; Bailey Fund at Virginia Tech; Smithsonian Genetics Program; Smithsonian Institution Graduate and Pre-doctoral Fellowships FX We are grateful to the Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, Harry Ternent, the Western Maryland 4-H Education Center, and the Nature Conservancy for access to and use of our study sites. Field and laboratory research was funded by grants from the Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, the Maryland Ornithological Society, the Washington Biologists' Field Club, the Washington Group of the Explorer's Club, the Eastern Bird Banding Association, the Smithsonian Institution's Abbot Fund, Virginia Tech's Graduate Research Development Program, the Bailey Fund at Virginia Tech, the Smithsonian Genetics Program, and both Smithsonian Institution Graduate and Pre-doctoral Fellowships. Jesus Maldonado, Jennifer Reed, and members of the Smithsonian Genetics Program supplied technical advice for genetic analysis. Much thanks to K. Kalasz, J. Wang, M. Powell, K. Murabito, J. Kolts, K. Callaway, A. Wessel, J. Adamson, B. Augustine, B. Beas, J. Felch, K. Heyden, and I. Liu for their help in the field. Animal handling was approved under the Conservation and Research Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Smithsonian National Zoological Park, permit number 04-10, and US Federal Banding Permit number 22665. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 2 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s00265-008-0660-y PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 387LZ UT WOS:000261955000014 ER PT J AU Basset, Y Missa, O Alonso, A Miller, SE Curletti, G De Meyer, M Eardley, C Lewis, OT Mansell, MW Novotny, V Wagner, T AF Basset, Yves Missa, Olivier Alonso, Alfonso Miller, Scott E. Curletti, Gianfranco De Meyer, Marc Eardley, Connal Lewis, Owen T. Mansell, Mervyn W. Novotny, Vojtech Wagner, Thomas TI Changes in Arthropod Assemblages along a Wide Gradient of Disturbance in Gabon SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE indicator taxa; predictor sets; rainforest; species loss; species turnover ID TROPICAL FORESTS; RAIN-FOREST; DATA SETS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; INSECTS AB Searching for indicator taxa representative of diverse assemblages, such as arthropods, is an important objective of many conservation studies. We evaluated the impacts of a wide gradient of disturbance in Gabon on a range of arthropod assemblages representing different feeding guilds. We examined 4 x 10(5) arthropod individuals from which 21 focal taxa were separated into 1534 morphospecies. Replication included the understory of 3 sites in each of 4 different stages of forest succession and land use (i.e., habitats) after logging (old and young forests, savanna, and gardens). We used 3 complementary sampling methods to survey sites throughout the year. Overall differences in arthropod abundance and diversity were greatest between forest and open habitats, and cleared forest invaded by savanna had the lowest abundance and diversity. The magnitude of faunal differences was much smaller between old and young forests. When considered at this local scale, anthropogenic modification of habitats did not result in a monotonous decline of diversity because many herbivore pests and their associated predators and parasitoids were abundant and diverse in gardens, where plant productivity was kept artificially high year-round through watering and crop rotation. We used a variety of response variables to measure the strength of correlations across survey locations among focal taxa. These could be ranked as follows in terms of decreasing number of significant correlations: species turnover > abundance > observed species richness > estimated species richness > percentage of site-specific species. The number of significant correlations was generally low and apparently unrelated to taxonomy or guild structure. Our results emphasize the value of reporting species turnover in conservation studies, as opposed to simply measuring species richness, and that the search for indicator taxa is elusive in the tropics. One promising alternative might be to consider "predictor sets" of a small number of taxa representative of different functional groups, as identified in our study. C1 [Basset, Yves] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Missa, Olivier] Univ York, Dept Biol, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England. [Alonso, Alfonso] Smithsonian Inst, Monitoring & Assessment Biodivers Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Miller, Scott E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Curletti, Gianfranco] Museo Civ Storia Nat, I-10022 Carmagnola, TO, Italy. [De Meyer, Marc] Royal Museum Cent Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Eardley, Connal] Plant Protect Res Inst, ZA-0121 Pretoria, South Africa. [Lewis, Owen T.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Mansell, Mervyn W.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Novotny, Vojtech] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Ctr Biol, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Novotny, Vojtech] Univ S Bohemia, Sch Biol Sci, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Wagner, Thomas] Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Integrierte Nat Wissensch Biol, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany. RP Basset, Y (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM bassety@si.edu RI Missa, Olivier/G-2687-2012; Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014; Novotny, Vojtech/G-9434-2014; OI Missa, Olivier/0000-0002-4330-5192; Novotny, Vojtech/0000-0001-7918-8023; Lewis, Owen/0000-0001-7935-6111; Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378 FU Shell Foundation and Shell Gabon FX F. Dallmeier, J. Comiskey, M. Lee, J. Mavoungou, and J. B. Mikissa helped implement the project. Parataxonomists B. Amvame, N. Koumba, S. Mboumba Ditona, G. Moussavou, P. Ngoma, J. Syssou, L. Tchignoumba, and E. Tobi collected, processed, sorted, and collated most of the insect material with great competence. The project was funded by the Smithsonian Institution, National Zoological Park, and Conservation and Research Center/MAB Program through grants from the Shell Foundation and Shell Gabon. This is contribution 104 of the Gabon Biodiversity Program. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1552 EP 1563 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01017.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 379KS UT WOS:000261395700031 PM 18717696 ER PT J AU Pagenkopp, KM Klicka, J Durrant, KL Garvin, JC Fleischer, RC AF Pagenkopp, K. M. Klicka, J. Durrant, K. L. Garvin, J. C. Fleischer, R. C. TI Geographic variation in malarial parasite lineages in the common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium; Common yellowthroat; Migratory connectivity; mtDNA; Geothlypis ID NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS; AVIAN BLOOD PARASITES; NORTH-AMERICA; WINTERING GROUNDS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; WILLOW WARBLERS; STABLE-CARBON; ANNUAL CYCLE; POPULATIONS AB Our current understanding of migration routes of many birds is limited and researchers have employed various methods to determine migratory patterns. Recently, parasites have been used to track migratory birds. The objective of this study was to determine whether haemosporidian parasite lineages detect significant geographic structure in common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas). We examined liver tissue or blood from 552 birds sampled from multiple locations throughout the continental United States, southern Canada, and the Bahamas. We found a 52.7% overall prevalence of haematozoan infection. We identified 86.1% of these infections to genus: 81% were Plasmodium; 5% were Haemoproteus; and 0.1% were Leucocytozoon. There were significant differences in the prevalence of different parasite genera among regions (chi(2) = 36.82, P < 0.0001) and in the proportion of Plasmodium infections versus other parasites among regions (chi(2) = 35.52, P < 0.0001). Sequence information identified three Haemoproteus lineages, two Leucocytozoon lineages, and thirteen Plasmodium lineages. Due to the low number of Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon, only Plasmodium lineages were used in the geographic comparison of lineages. Six Plasmodium lineages were found in eight or more birds and the prevalence of these varied significantly among regions (chi(2) = 172.33, P < 0.0001). Additionally, 45 juvenile birds were sampled to determine what parasites could be obtained in the breeding grounds and we found only one lineage. In conclusion, parasite lineages show some geographic structure, with some lineages being more geographically specific than others, but are not useful for determining migratory connectivity in this species. C1 [Pagenkopp, K. M.; Durrant, K. L.; Fleischer, R. C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Pagenkopp, K. M.; Durrant, K. L.; Fleischer, R. C.] Smithsonian Inst, Genet Program, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Pagenkopp, K. M.; Fleischer, R. C.] American Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Klicka, J.] Univ Nevada, Marjorie Barrick Museum Nat Hist, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Garvin, J. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Pagenkopp, KM (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Environm & Aquat Anim Hlth, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM katmarine18@yahoo.com OI Lohan, Katrina/0000-0003-3885-7985 FU National Wildlife Refuge, Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge; Pfeiffer Nature Center; NIH [1R01GM063258]; American University Mellon FX We would like to thank committee members, Catherine Schaeff and Kiho Kim, for intellectual insight and guidance. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. A small number of additional samples were contributed by Brian Olsen, Irby Lovette, and Rebecca Holberton. We would like to thank the various organizations that allowed us to sample common yellowthroats on their land: Aroostook National Wildlife Refuge, Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge, Paul Smith College of the Adirondacks, and the Pfeiffer Nature Center. We especially thank Daryl and Leslie Boness, who not only allowed us to sample on their beautiful property but also fed us well. We thank Carl McIntosh, Danielle Palmer, Farah Ishtiaq and Jon Beadell for help with various lab techniques. Funding was provided by the NIH (1R01GM063258) and an American University Mellon Grant. NR 71 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1577 EP 1588 DI 10.1007/s10592-007-9497-6 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 367GF UT WOS:000260539800016 ER PT J AU Gaillou, E Fritsch, E Notari, F AF Gaillou, E. Fritsch, E. Notari, F. TI Photoinduced H1b and H1c centers in some natural treated diamonds SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Natural diamonds; Photoinduced optical centers; Absorptions; Defects ID ABSORPTION-LINES; PHOTOCHROMIC BEHAVIOR; H3 CENTERS; IB DIAMOND; H2 AB Three natural, treated-color diamonds present photoinduced H1b/H1c centers after UV exposure. As the H1b/H1c absorptions increase. that of the 595 not center decreases. Recovery Occurs by simple exposure to a standard incandescent 100 W lamp. The centers implied are all related to nitrogen and to the existence of a treatment, the formation of H1b/H1c centers coming from the trapping of the 595 nm center. The photoinduced behavior seems to confirm the close relation between the 595 nm center and the H1b/H1c centers, and might help in gemological identification. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gaillou, E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Gaillou, E.; Fritsch, E.] Univ Nantes, CNRS, Inst Mat Jean Rouxel IMN, UMR 6502, F-44000 Nantes, France. [Notari, F.] GemTechLab, CH-1201 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Gaillou, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM gailloue@si.edu RI Gaillou, Eloise/D-1753-2009 OI Gaillou, Eloise/0000-0002-7949-268X NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 12 BP 2029 EP 2036 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2008.06.006 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 375UV UT WOS:000261140000008 ER PT J AU Dyck, MG Soon, W Baydack, RK Legates, DR Baliunas, S Ball, TF Hancock, LO AF Dyck, M. G. Soon, W. Baydack, R. K. Legates, D. R. Baliunas, S. Ball, T. F. Hancock, L. O. TI Reply to response to Dyck et al. (2007) on polar bears and climate change in western Hudson Bay by Stirling et al. (2008) SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Polar bear; Climate change; Hudson Bay; Extinction; Sea ice; Ursus maritimus ID URSUS-MARITIMUS POPULATIONS; SEAL PHOCA-HISPIDA; LONG-TERM TRENDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; PREDATION RISK; RINGED SEALS; CANADA; SURVIVAL AB We address the three main issues raised by Stirling et al. [Stirling, I., Derocher, A.E., Gough, W.A., Rode, K., in press. Response to Dyck et al. (2007) on polar bears and climate change in western Hudson Bay. Ecol. Complexity]: (1) evidence of the role of climate warming in affecting the western Hudson Bay polar bear population, (2) responses to suggested importance of human-polar bear interactions, and (3) limitations on polar bear adaptation to projected climate change. We assert that our original paper did not provide any "alternative explanations [that] are largely unsupported by the data" or misrepresent the original claims by Stirling et al. [Stirling, L, Lunn, N.J., Iacozza, I., 1999. Long-term trends in the population ecology of polar bears in western Hudson Bay in relation to climate change. Arctic 52, 2943061, Derocher et al. [Derocher, A.E., Lunn, N.J., Stirling, I., 2004. Polar bears in a warming climate. Integr. Comp. Biol. 44, 163-176], and other peer-approved papers authored by Stirling and colleagues. In sharp contrast, we show that the conclusion of Stirling et al. [Stirling, I., Derocher, A.E., Gough, W.A., Rode, K., in press. Response to Dyck et al. (2007) on polar bears and climate change in western Hudson Bay. Ecol. Complexity] - suggesting warming temperatures (and other related climatic changes) are the predominant determinant of polar bear population status, not only in western Hudson (WH) Bay but also for populations elsewhere in the Arctic - is unsupportable by the current scientific evidence. The commentary by Stirling et al. [Stirling, I., Derocher, A.E., Gough, W.A., Rode, K., in press. Response to Dyck et al. (2007) on polar bears and climate change in western Hudson Bay. Ecol. Complexity] is an example of uni-dimensional, or reductionist thinking, which is not useful when assessing effects of climate change on complex ecosystems. Polar bears of WH are exposed to a multitude of environmental perturbations including human interference and factors (e.g., unknown seal population size, possible competition with polar bears from other populations) such that isolation of any single variable as the certain root cause (i.e., climate change in the form of warming spring air temperatures), without recognizing confounding interactions, is imprudent, unjustified and of questionable scientific utility. Dyck et al. [Dyck, M.G., Soon, W., Baydack, R.K., Legates, D.R., Baliunas, S., Ball, T.F., Hancock, L.O., 2007. Polar bears of western Hudson Bay and climate change: Are warming spring air temperatures the "ultimate" survival control factor? Ecol. Complexity, 4, 73-84. doi:10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.03.002] agree that some polar bear populations may be negatively impacted by future environmental changes; but an oversimplification of the complex ecosystem interactions (of which humans are a part) may not be beneficial in studying external effects on polar bears. Science evolves through questioning and proposing hypotheses that can be critically tested, in the absence of which, as Krebs and Borteaux [Krebs, C.J., Berteaux, D., 2006. Problems and pitfalls in relating climate variability to population dynamics. Clim. Res. 32, 143-149] observe, "we will be little more than storytellers." Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dyck, M. G.] Nunauut Arctic Coll, Environm Technol Program, Iqaluit, NU X0A 0H0, Canada. [Soon, W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Baydack, R. K.] Univ Manitoba, Clayton H Riddell Fac Environm Earth & Resources, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Legates, D. R.] Univ Delaware, Off State Climatologist, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Dyck, MG (reprint author), Nunauut Arctic Coll, Environm Technol Program, Box 600, Iqaluit, NU X0A 0H0, Canada. EM mdyck@nac.nu.ca; wsoon@cfa.harvard.edu RI Daniel, Emily/A-7387-2012 NR 82 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 289 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2008.05.004 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 387GT UT WOS:000261940400002 ER PT J AU Wright, SJ Samaniego, MJ AF Wright, Stuart Joseph Samaniego, Mirna Julieta TI Historical, Demographic, and Economic Correlates of Land-Use Change in the Republic of Panama SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE agricultural income; agriculture; cattle; deforestation; forest transition; land cover; pasture; plantation; reforestation; tropical forest ID FOREST TRANSITION; SECONDARY FORESTS; GLOBALIZATION; MIGRATION; AMAZON; COVER; AREA; AGE AB The Republic of Panama recently experienced a limited forest transition. After five decades of decline, the total forest cover increased by 0.36% yr(-1) between 1992 and 2000; however, mature forest cover simultaneously decreased by 1.3% yr(-1). This limited forest transition at the national scale comprised two distinctly different patterns of recent forest-cover change related to historical land use. Districts that were largely deforested when the first national survey of forest cover was completed in 1947 experienced a strong forest transition between 1992 and 2000. In these, the proportion of the population employed in agriculture decreased by an average of 31% and natural secondary forest succession increased the total forest cover by an average of 85% between 1992 and 2000. In contrast, no forest transition was evident for districts that were largely forested in 1947. In these, the absolute number of people employed in agriculture remained constant, old-growth forest cover decreased by 8% on average, and natural secondary forest succession increased, so that the total forest cover tended to be static between 1992 and 2000. Historical land use, an index of human poverty, and the population density of agricultural workers explained 61% of the among-district variation in forest cover in 2000, with forest concentrated in areas where populations were small and poor. Historical land use and gross income per hectare from agriculture explained 23.5% of the among-district variation in forest-cover change between 1992 and 2000. The early history of forest loss, an uneven distribution of people, and disparities in farm income contributed to the limited forest transition observed in Panama. C1 [Wright, Stuart Joseph; Samaniego, Mirna Julieta] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Wright, SJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0731594] FX We thank the Autoridad Nacional de Ambiente and the Controlar a for providing open access to landcover and census data for the Republic of Panama, Milton Solano for preparing figures 1 and 2, Mitch Aide and Ricardo Grau for organizing the symposium, and the National Science Foundation (DEB-0731594) for financial support. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 21 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 AR 17 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GQ UT WOS:000262291600015 ER PT J AU Ewers, RM Laurance, WF Souza, CM AF Ewers, Robert M. Laurance, William F. Souza, Carlos M., Jr. TI Temporal fluctuations in Amazonian deforestation rates SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agriculture; Brazilian Amazon; cattle ranching; commodity prices; deforestation; domestic economy; exchange rate; soya; time series ID BRAZILIAN AMAZON; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; ECONOMIC VALUE; FORESTS; DYNAMICS; FUTURE; LAND; DESTRUCTION; ENVIRONMENT; CONVERSION AB Tropical deforestation is one of the most important components of global change. Rates of deforestation in Brazil, the nation with the single largest concentration of tropical forest on Earth, have fluctuated widely over the last twenty years. Based on local knowledge, such fluctuations have been variously attributed to a wide range of factors such as the expansion of cattle ranching and soybean farming, infrastructural expansion and the proliferation of paved and unpaved roads, macroeconomic shocks to the Brazilian economy and international exchange rates. Many, if not all, of these arguments are plausible explanations for temporal variation in deforestation rates, but have to date not been subjected to rigorous statistical testing; this study investigates the potential impact of these variables on Brazilian tropical deforestation over the period 1990-2005. When analysed at the basin-wide scale, nearly all variables were highly inter-correlated through time and were also closely correlated with deforestation rate, but appropriate time-series analysis found no statistical evidence that any of the variables have systematically caused variation in deforestation rates. Power analysis showed that the variables may exert small or medium influences on deforestation rates, but the impacts, if present, are not strong. Future analyses of time series data at finer spatial scales that exploit spatiotemporal variation in deforestation rates and in the hypothesized predictor variables may find significant causal processes that arc overlooked when analysed at the basin-wide scale. C1 [Ewers, Robert M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Laurance, William F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Souza, Carlos M., Jr.] Inst Homem & Ambiente Amazonia, BR-66613397 Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Ewers, RM (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Silwood Pk Caniptis, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. EM r.ewers@imperial.ac.uk RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX We thank Rhett Butler, Phil Fearnside and Thomas Rudel for thoughtful discussions. The work of CMS was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. NR 62 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 4 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1017/S0376892908005122 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 417AA UT WOS:000264045600004 ER PT J AU Scaturro, S AF Scaturro, Sarah TI Eco-tech Fashion: Rationalizing Technology in Sustainable Fashion SO FASHION THEORY-THE JOURNAL OF DRESS BODY & CULTURE LA English DT Article DE bamboo; technology; textiles; fast fashion; sustainable fashion AB At first thought, technology and sustainable fashion might appear to hold contrasting ideals; however, an investigation into technology and sustainable fashion yields complex symbiotic relationships between the two areas. Technology is essentially the prime enabler that allows sustainable fashion to thrive and develop today. The role of technology within the sustainable fashion realm is broken into two main areas: the physical manifestation of sustainable fashion garments, including textiles, and the digital domain. The effects of technology in sustainable fashion are best understood through looking at the work of a technology theoretician, Andrew Feenberg, who advocates for small, but effective, "democratic rationalizations" of technology to achieve C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Design Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Scaturro, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Design Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM scaturro@gmail.com NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU BERG PUBL PI OXFORD PA ANGEL COURT, 1ST FLOOR, 81 ST CLEMENTS ST, OXFORD, OX4 1AW, ENGLAND SN 1362-704X J9 FASH THEORY JI Fash. Theory PD DEC PY 2008 VL 12 IS 4 BP 469 EP 488 DI 10.2752/175174108X346940 PG 20 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 383NL UT WOS:000261680200004 ER PT J AU Mena-Correa, J Sivinski, J Gates, M Ramirez-Romero, R Aluja, M AF Mena-Correa, J. Sivinski, J. Gates, M. Ramirez-Romero, R. Aluja, M. TI BIOLOGY OF EURYTOMA SIVINSKII, AN UNUSUAL EURYTOMID (HYMENOPTERA) PARASITOID OF FRUIT FLY (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) PUPAE SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha; Eurytoma; Eurytomidae; Hymenoptera; natural history; parasitoid; Tephritidae AB The recently described Mexican parasitic wasp Eurytoma sivinskii Gates and Grissell (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), attacks Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) pupae in the soil. The life cycle (egg to adult) is completed in 23.1 (+/- 2.1) d (mean +/- S.E.) at 27 +/- 2 degrees C. Females were capable of superparasitism and laid 1-8 eggs per host (2.59 +/- 1.56, mean +/- S.E.), but invariably only 1 adult parasitoid emerged. Oviposition occurred primarily in the medial and posterior portions of the host. Eurytoma sivinskii is ectoparasitic since 100% of the eggs are laid within the internal cavity of the puparium and on the surface of the pupa of the host fly. In no case were first and second instars parasitized. However, 1 third-instar out of 625 fly pupae exposed, yielded a single parasitoid per host. Eight-day-old pupae yielded the most parasitoids although females laid eggs in 1-d- to 14-d-old pupae. There were no significant differences in rates of parasitism among female E. sivinskii of different ages. Adults derived from eggs laid in the posterior region developed more rapidly, but adult sex ratio and percent of emergence were the same in both posterior and medially laid eggs. Regardless of oviposition location, adults were more likely to emerge through the middle of the puparium. C1 [Mena-Correa, J.; Ramirez-Romero, R.; Aluja, M.] Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. [Sivinski, J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. [Gates, M.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Aluja, M (reprint author), Inst Ecol AC, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. EM martin.aluja@inecol.edu.mx FU Mexican Campana Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta; United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS); INECOL; Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad [FB325/H296/96]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT)/Fondo del Sistema de Investigacion del Golfo de Mexico [SIG96001/ 96-01-003-V] FX Larissa Guillen, Andrea Birke, and Guadalupe Cordova (Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico (INECOL) helped organize experiments and provided critical advice along the way. We gratefully acknowledge the technical help of Armando Torres Anaya, Cecilia Martinez Arcos, Jovita Martinez Tlapa, and Sandi Mendez Trejo (INECOL) who helped rear the parasitoids and their hosts. We gratefully acknowledge the useful suggestions for improvement by James L. Nation, Alberto Anzures-Dadda and 2 anonymous referees that helped us produce a better quality paper. Alberto Anzures-Dadda also provided invaluable help while preparing the revised version of this paper. Financial support for this study was principally furnished by the Mexican Campana Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta (Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural y Pesca Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion para la Agricultura (SAGARPA-IICA). Additional funds were provided by the United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and INECOL. We acknowledge partial financial support from the Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO; Proyect No. FB325/H296/96) and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT)/Fondo del Sistema de Investigacion del Golfo de Mexico (SIGOLFO, Project No. SIG96001/ 96-01-003-V). Information reported here forms part of the undergraduate thesis of JMC (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico [UNAM]), directed by MA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 4 BP 598 EP 603 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 381VN UT WOS:000261564100012 ER PT J AU Berke, SK Woodin, SA AF Berke, Sarah K. Woodin, Sarah A. TI Energetic costs, ontogenetic shifts and sexual dimorphism in spider crab decoration SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE camouflage; cost; benefit trade-offs; decapod behaviour; life-history evolution ID TRADE-OFFS; MAJIDAE; BRACHYURA; DECAPODA; CAMOUFLAGE; PREFERENCES; BEHAVIOR; MASKING; SIZE; CRUSTACEAN AB 'Decorating' describes behaviours in which animals attach foreign matter to themselves or their external structures. Decorating is widespread, occurring in morphologically and ecologically diverse organisms representing nearly 25% of the major metazoan phyla. Decorating is often limited to juvenile or small life stages. This pattern may suggest that decorating incurs cost-benefit trade-offs limiting its net adaptive value within and across species. Theory predicts that such costs, if present, could strongly influence selection for decorating. We investigate the potential costs of carrying decoration and their evolutionary ramifications, using decorator crabs (Brachyura: Majoidea) as a test system. We demonstrate that decoration is energetically costly for the species Oregonia gracilis. We experimentally link those costs to sexually dimorphic ontogenetic shifts in O. gracilis claw size and decoration. We show that negative correlations between claw size, body size and decorating occur widely in the Majoidea, suggesting that energetic costs have played an important role in majoid evolution. This study demonstrates linkages between physiological constraints, sexual selection, and predation risk. C1 [Berke, Sarah K.; Woodin, Sarah A.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Berke, SK (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM skberke@gmail.com RI Woodin, Sarah/K-8481-2014 OI Woodin, Sarah/0000-0001-5615-2212 FU Friday Harbor Laboratories' Ruth and Stephen Wainwright; PADI Foundation, Inc [216]; Sigma Xi; Slocum-Lunz Foundation; NSF [OCE-9811435, ONR N00014-03-1-0352, NOAA NA04NOS4780264] FX The authors thank the directors and staff of Friday Harbor Laboratories, the National Museum of Natural History, and the Field Museum for access to facilities and collections; D. Wethey, R. Raguso, R. Brodie, M. Miller and two anonymous referees for helpful comments; D. Wolcott and T. Wolcott for experimental insight; M. Wicksten for sharing obscure manuscripts; and T. Mousseau for loaning his microbalance. Supported by the Friday Harbor Laboratories' Ruth and Stephen Wainwright Fellowships, the PADI Foundation, Inc grant #216, Sigma Xi, the Slocum-Lunz Foundation, NSF OCE-9811435, ONR N00014-03-1-0352, and NOAA NA04NOS4780264. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1125 EP 1133 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01469.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 369CE UT WOS:000260670000022 ER PT J AU Remo, JL Furnish, MD AF Remo, J. L. Furnish, M. D. TI Analysis of Z-pinch shock wave experiments on meteorite and planetary materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2007) CY SEP 23-27, 2007 CL Williamsburg, VA DE Meteorite; Z-pinch; Coupling ID DRIVEN SHOCK; RADIATION; PRESSURE AB The response of a range of meteorite and planetary materials of astrophysical and planetary science interest to pulsed high-energy-density soft X-ray irradiation from the Sandia National Laboratories Zpinch accelerator is described. These materials include selected iron and stony meteorites, magnesium-rich olivine (dunite), and AI and Fe calibration materials. In each experiment, the motion of the rear surface of the sample was monitored by velocity interferometry. From the resulting waveform and information about the incident pulse, information about the radiation coupling and the response of the sample to stress waves was deduced. The primary Planckian Z-pinch soft X-ray stagnation emissions have black body equivalent temperatures in the range 170-237 eV, with similar to 1-10% K-alpha radiation derived from the pinch material (Cu, Al, Ni or steel). Hohlraum intensities at the stagnation pinch were in the range 84-316 TW/cm(2) on time scales from 3.0 to 8.2 ns, and from 43 to 260 GW/cm(2) at the sample positions 7-14 cm away from the pinch center, assuming an inverse-square radial dependence along a line-of-sight distance. This is analytically estimated to generate target surface radiation pressure of 6.1-12.4 GPa. The very short duration of the loading pulse establishes an attenuating shock wave. Consistent pressure measurements on the calibration targets' rear surfaces suggest a uniform soft X-ray beam on the calibration target surfaces while the (inhomogeneous) natural materials yield Hugoniot pressures with considerable variance, as expected. Thusfar we have not recovered the targets, precluding post-irradiation analysis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Furnish, M. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Remo, J. L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Remo, J. L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Remo, J. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Furnish, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1195,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdfurni@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1516 EP 1521 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.075 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 392YQ UT WOS:000262338500024 ER PT J AU Naylor, DA Phillips, RR Di Francesco, J Bourke, TL Querel, RR Jones, SC AF Naylor, David A. Phillips, Robin R. Di Francesco, James Bourke, Tyler L. Querel, Richard R. Jones, Scott C. TI IRMA as a Potential Phase Correction Instrument: Results from the SMA Test Campaign SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES LA English DT Article DE Millimeter astronomy; Water vapour monitor; Phase correction ID ATMOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; INFRARED RADIOMETER; MAUNA-KEA; TRANSMISSION AB The Infrared Radiometer for Millimetre Astronomy (IRMA) is a realtime water vapour monitor, whose sensitivity and temporal response make it a candidate instrument for the correction of phase distortion caused by atmospheric water vapour in millimetre wavelength interferometers. We present results from a test campaign in which two IRMA devices were mounted on two antennae of the Smithsonian Submillimeter Array (SMA) located atop Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The IRMA measurements are compared to each other, and to phase information derived from astronomical interferometric data to assess their utility as a potential tool in phase correction. C1 [Naylor, David A.; Phillips, Robin R.; Querel, Richard R.; Jones, Scott C.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Di Francesco, James] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Bourke, Tyler L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Naylor, DA (reprint author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. EM naylor@uleth.ca RI Querel, Richard/D-3770-2015 OI Querel, Richard/0000-0001-8792-2486 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA); University of Lethbridge (UL) FX The authors would like to thank G. Tompkins, T. Fulton, I. Schofield, and D. Clossen for their contributions to the project; the SMA staff, in particular L. Shirkey, G. Nystrom, and A. Schinckel; and G. Davis for providing access to the JCMT. Finally, we acknowledge the contributions of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA), and University of Lethbridge (UL), who provided funding for this work. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9271 J9 INT J INFRARED MILLI JI Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves PD DEC PY 2008 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1196 EP 1204 DI 10.1007/s10762-008-9421-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 362CV UT WOS:000260176700012 ER PT J AU Venegas-Anaya, M Crawford, AJ Galvan, AHE Sanjur, OI Densmore, LD Bermingham, E AF Venegas-Anaya, Miryam Crawford, Andrew J. Galvan, Armando H. Escobedo Sanjur, Oris I. Densmore, Llewellyn D., III Bermingham, Eldredge TI Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeography of Caiman crocodilus in Mesoamerica and South America SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-GENE TREES; BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; FRESH-WATER FISHES; INFERRING PHYLOGENIES; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; MULTIPLE COMPARISONS; MARINE INCURSIONS; ANDEAN TECTONICS; LOG-LIKELIHOODS; MTDNA VARIATION AB The Neotropical crocodylian species, Caiman crocodilus, is widely distributed through Mesoamerica, northern South America, and the Amazon basin. Four subspecies are recognized within C. crocodilus, suggesting some geographic variation in morphology. In this study, we utilized mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data from 45 individuals of C. crocodilus throughout its range to infer its evolutionary history and population structure, as well as to evaluate genealogical support for subspecies and their geographic distributions. Our molecular phylogenetic results identified five mtDNA haplotype clades with a mean sequence divergence of 3.4%, indicating considerable evolutionary independence among phylogeographic lineages. Our results were also broadly consistent with current subspecific taxonomy, with some important additional findings. First, we found substantial genetic structuring within C. c. fuscus from southern Mesoamerica. Second, though we confirmed the existence of a widespread Amazonian clade, we also discovered a cryptic and divergent mtDNA lineage that was indistinguishable from C. c. crocodilus based on external morphology. Third, we confirm the status of C. c. chiapasius as a distinct evolutionary lineage, and provide evidence that C. c. fuscus may be moving northward and hybridizing with C. c. chiapasius in northern Mesoamerica. Finally, our results parallel previous phylogeographic studies of other organisms that have demonstrated significant genetic structure over shorter geographic distances in Mesoamerica compared with Amazonia. We support conservation efforts for all five independent lineages within C. crocodilus, and highlight the subspecies C. c. chiapasius as a unit of particular conservation concern. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:614-627, 2008. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Venegas-Anaya, Miryam; Densmore, Llewellyn D., III] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Venegas-Anaya, Miryam; Crawford, Andrew J.; Galvan, Armando H. Escobedo; Sanjur, Oris I.; Bermingham, Eldredge] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Galvan, Armando H. Escobedo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Lab Anal Espaciales, Inst Biol, Delegacion Coyoacan, Mexico. RP Venegas-Anaya, M (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM dracocodrilo@hotmail.com OI Crawford, Andrew J./0000-0003-3153-6898 FU Caimanes y cocodrilos de Chiapas Farm; Ministerio de Ambiente y Energia of Costa Rica (MINAE); Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales of El Salvador (MARN); Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales of Peril (INRENA); Nacional Zoologico de El Salvador; Parque de Las Leyendas; Centro Ecologico Recreacional de Huachipa, Peril; Estacion Experimental La Rambla, Costa Rica; Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente de Panaind (ANAM); Smithsonial Tropical Research Institute (STRI); Panamundo Industrial, Instituto de Historia Natural y Ecologia de Chiapas; Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales de Mexico (SEMARNAT) FX We like to express our deep appreciation to Caimanes y cocodrilos de Chiapas Farm, Ministerio de Ambiente y Energia of Costa Rica (MINAE), Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales of El Salvador (MARN), Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales of Peril (INRENA), Parque Nacional Zoologico de El Salvador, Parque de Las Leyendas, and Centro Ecologico Recreacional de Huachipa, Peril, Estacion Experimental La Rambla, Costa Rica, Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente de Panaind (ANAM), Smithsonial Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Panamundo Industrial, Instituto de Historia Natural y Ecologia de Chiapas, Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales de Mexico (SEMARNAT), for providing permits, equipment, and/or support. We acknowledge Joso Maria Reyes, Maria de La Paz Lopez, Manuel Mufiiz, Luis Sigler, Celina Duefias, Carmen Martinez, Nestor Herrera, Rodrigo Samayoa, Juan Dubon, Mario Espinal, Javier Guevara, Juan Sanchez, Arturo Ballar, Alberto Ballar, Fengmei Wu, Manfred Baa, Omar Pesantes, Fernando Cuadros, Fernando Mejia, and Rosario Acero for their help in obtaining samples, providing accommodations, and access to facilities during field work. We thank Grettelhun Grajales, Carlos Vergara, Gisela Reina, Melida Nuiiez, and Nimiadina Herrera for help with laboratory work at STRI. We thank Milton Solano for help with graphics. NR 96 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1932-5223 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 309A IS 10 SI SI BP 614 EP 627 DI 10.1002/jez.502 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 377AE UT WOS:000261223300006 PM 18831056 ER PT J AU Zhu, RX Potts, R Pan, YX Yao, HT Lu, LQ Zhao, X Gao, X Chen, LW Gao, F Deng, CL AF Zhu, R. X. Potts, R. Pan, Y. X. Yao, H. T. Lue, L. Q. Zhao, X. Gao, X. Chen, L. W. Gao, F. Deng, C. L. TI Early evidence of the genus Homo in East Asia SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Magnetostratigraphy; Yuanmou Basin; Early hominin migration; Geochronology; Paleoenvironment ID GEORGIA; DMANISI; REMAINS; YUANMOU; AFRICA; CHINA; JAVA; TIMESCALE; DISPERSAL; INDONESIA AB The timing and route of the earliest dispersal from Africa to Eastern Asia are contentious topics in the study of early human evolution because Asian hominin fossil sites with precise age constraints are very limited. Here we report new high-resolution magnetostratigraphic results that place stringent age controls on excavated hominin incisors and stone tools from the Yuanmou Basin, southwest China. The hominin-bearing layer resides in a reverse polarity magnetozone just above the upper boundary of the Olduvai subchron, yielding an estimated age of 1.7 Ma. The finding represents the age of the earliest documented presence of Homo, with affinities to Homo erectus, in mainland East Asia. This age estimate is roughly the same as for H. erectus in island Southeast Asia and immediately prior to the oldest archaeological evidence in northeast Asia. Mammalian fauna and pollen obtained directly from the hominin site indicate that the Yuanmou hominins lived in a varied habitat of open vegetation with patches of bushland and forest on an alluvial fan close to a lake or swamp. The age and location are consistent with a rapid southern migration route of initial hominin populations into Eastern Asia. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, R. X.; Pan, Y. X.; Yao, H. T.; Lue, L. Q.; Zhao, X.; Deng, C. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Paleomagnetism & Geochronol Lab SKL LE, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Potts, R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Gao, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. [Chen, L. W.] Geol Museum China, Beijing 100034, Peoples R China. [Gao, F.] Yunnan Cultural Rel & Archeol Inst, Kunming 650118, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, RX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Paleomagnetism & Geochronol Lab SKL LE, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM rxzhu@mail.iggcas.ac.cn; pottsr@si.edu RI Deng, Chenglong/B-8881-2009; Pan, Yongxin/B-4302-2008; 中国科学院, 地球深部研究重点实验室/E-2300-2014; Deng, Chenglong/B-8871-2009 OI Pan, Yongxin/0000-0002-4227-3061; Deng, Chenglong/0000-0003-1848-3170 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; U.S. National Science Foundation [0218511] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. R.P. acknowledges support by the U.S. National Science Foundation (HOMINID program, BCS 0218511) and the Smithsonian's Human Origins Program. Kenneth A. Hoffman is highly appreciated for his contribution to this work. Craig Jones is acknowledged for providing paleomagnetic software. The Paleontology Department of the National Museums of Kenya is acknowledged for permission to study fossil material, as is the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontoiogy and Paleoanthropology for permission to study casts in their care. We thank Wang Wei, Jay Kelley, and Jennifer Clark for assistance, and Joseph L Kirschvink and John Kappelman for their constructive comments on an earlier manuscript. NR 40 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 13 U2 45 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1075 EP 1085 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.005 PG 11 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 385WK UT WOS:000261844100013 PM 18842287 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR AF Mawdsley, Jonathan R. TI Use of simple remote sensing tools to expedite surveys for rare tiger beetles (Insecta : Coleoptera : Cicindelidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera; Cicindelidae; tiger beetle; survey; remote sensing; Maryland ID DEJEAN COLEOPTERA; CARABIDAE AB Tiger beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) often occupy small patches of suitable habitat in otherwise unsuitable landscapes. Such patches are easily overlooked, which may lead to underestimates of both the number of occurrences and the overall population size. In this study, simple World Wide Web-based tools (Google Earth and Microsoft Terraserver) were used to search high-resolution satellite imagery for patches of suitable habitat for globally and regionally rare tiger beetles on a 3,278 ha wildlife refuge in Maryland, USA. This tract is largely forested but contains scattered small open areas of sand and clay soils that are potential habitat for tiger beetles of conservation concern. Visual inspection of remotely sensed imagery resulted in the identification of 19 potential habitat patches, 15 of which yielded tiger beetle populations when surveyed on the ground. The number of species of tiger beetles recorded from this tract was increased from 3 to 8 and two new sites were discovered for the state sensitive species Cicindela scutellaris rugifrons Dejean. In addition, a small population of C. splendida Hentz was discovered, a species last reported from Maryland in 1948. The technique described here shows great promise for locating small patches of potential tiger beetle habitat in otherwise unsuitable landscapes. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 187,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mawdsley@heinzctr.org NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 12 IS 6 BP 689 EP 693 DI 10.1007/s10841-007-9113-6 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 354WZ UT WOS:000259671900011 ER PT J AU Zanol, J Fauchald, K AF Zanol, Joana Fauchald, K. TI Integrative Approach Using cLSM, SEM, and Molecular Data to Understand the Phylogeny of the Family Eunicidae (Bristle Worms, Polychaetes, Annelida) SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zanol, Joana] George Washington Univ, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. EM jzanol@gwu.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 269 IS 12 BP 1465 EP 1465 PG 1 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 382RT UT WOS:000261623800049 ER PT J AU Martinez-Luis, S Della-Togna, G Coley, PD Kursar, TA Gerwick, WH Cubilla-Rios, L AF Martinez-Luis, Sergio Della-Togna, Gina Coley, Phyllis D. Kursar, Thomas A. Gerwick, William H. Cubilla-Rios, Luis TI Antileishmanial Constituents of the Panamanian Endophytic Fungus Edenia sp. SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION; METABOLITES; DRUGS AB Bioassay-directed fractionation of extracts from the fermentation broth and mycelium of the fungus Edenia sp. led to the isolation of five antileishmanial compounds, preussomerin EG1 (1), palmarumycin CP(2) (2), palmarumycin CP(17) (3), palmarumycin CP(18) (4), and CJ-12,371 (5). Compounds 3 and 4 are new natural products, and this is only the second report of compound 1. The structures of compounds 1-5 were established by spectroscopic analyses (HRMS and NMR). All metabolites caused significant inhibition of the growth of Leishmania donovani in the amastigote form, with IC(50) values of 0.12, 3.93, 1.34, 0.62, and 8.40 mu M, respectively. Compounds 1-5 were inactive when tested against Plasmodium falciparum or Trypanasoma cruzi at a concentration of 10 mu g/mL, indicating that they have selective activity against Leishmania parasites. Compounds 1-5 showed weak cytotoxicity to Vero cells (IC(50) of 9, 162, 174, 152, and 150 mu M, respectively): however, the therapeutic window of these compounds is quite significant with 75, 41, 130, 245, and 18 times (respectively) more antileishmanial activity than cytotoxicity. C1 [Martinez-Luis, Sergio; Cubilla-Rios, Luis] Univ Panama, Lab Trop Bioorgan Chem, Fac Nat Exact Sci & Technol, Panama City, Panama. [Della-Togna, Gina] Inst Invest Cientificas Avanzadas, Panama City, Panama. [Della-Togna, Gina] Serv Alta Tecnol, Panama City, Panama. [Martinez-Luis, Sergio] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, Panama City, Panama. [Coley, Phyllis D.; Kursar, Thomas A.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Gerwick, William H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gerwick, William H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Cubilla-Rios, L (reprint author), Univ Panama, Lab Trop Bioorgan Chem, Fac Nat Exact Sci & Technol, Apartado 0824-00159, Panama City, Panama. EM lucr@ancon.up.pa FU Fogarty Center's International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups Program [1U01 TW 006634-01]; NIH; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Agriculture. FX We thank G. Keller, I. Martinez, and L. Segundo for the isolation of Edenia sp. and the Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnologia for NMR and mass spectra. Funding was provided from the Fogarty Center's International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups Program (grant number 1U01 TW 006634-01) from the NIH, National Science Foundation, and U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 22 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 71 IS 12 BP 2011 EP 2014 DI 10.1021/np800472q PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 388EJ UT WOS:000262002800007 PM 19007286 ER PT J AU Gunasekera, SP Ritson-Williams, R Paul, VJ AF Gunasekera, Sarath P. Ritson-Williams, Raphael Paul, Valerie J. TI Carriebowmide, a New Cyclodepsipeptide from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya polychroa SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID CYCLIC DEPSIPEPTIDE; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; MAJUSCULAMIDE-C; ANALOGS AB The new cyclodepsipeptide carriebowmide (1), which contains two rare amino acids, 3-amino-2-methylhexanoic acid and methionine sulfoxide, was isolated from the fish-deterrent lipophilic extract of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya polychroa, collected from the fore reef near the Smithsonian field station at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Its planar structure was determined by NMR spectroscopic techniques. The absolute stereochemistry of the hydroxy acid and all alpha-amino acid-derived units was ascertained by chiral HPLC analysis of the acid hydrolysate. The stereochemistry of the beta-amino acid moiety, 3-amino-2-methylhexanoic acid, was established by Marfey analysis of the acid hydrolysate. C1 [Gunasekera, Sarath P.; Ritson-Williams, Raphael; Paul, Valerie J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Paul, VJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM paul@si.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ECOHAB program [NA05NOS4781194]; Smithsonian Marine Science Network FX This research was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ECOHAB program (The Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algae Blooms) Project NA05NOS4781194 and the Smithsonian Marine Science Network. We thank the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University spectroscopy facility for 600 MHz NMR spectrometer time, low-resolution MS. and UV measurements. We also thank the Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, for IR measurements and Florida Atlantic University. Jupiter Campus, for optical rotation measurements. K. Arthur assisted with measurements and identification of the Lyngbya. The high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis was performed by the UCR mass spectrometer facility, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside. This is contribution number 749 from the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce and 836 from the Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 71 IS 12 BP 2060 EP 2063 DI 10.1021/np800453t PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 388EJ UT WOS:000262002800019 PM 19007282 ER PT J AU Maria, AH Luhr, JF AF Maria, Anton H. Luhr, James F. TI Lamprophyres, Basanites, and Basalts of the Western Mexican Volcanic Belt: Volatile Contents and a VeinWallrock Melting Relationship SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENT CHARACTERISTICS; SUBDUCTION-MODIFIED MANTLE; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; SOURCE REGIONS; CALC-ALKALINE; EXPERIMENTAL GLASSES; WAVELENGTH SHIFTS; DEBRIS AVALANCHE; SILICATE-GLASSES; OXYGEN FUGACITY AB We present geochemical data for Quaternary basalts, basanites, and lamprophyres within the Colima and Mascota volcanic fields at the western end of the Mexican Volcanic Belt. On the basis of data for 11 whole-rock samples plus 124 glass inclusions and olivine host crystals, we evaluate a veinwallrock melting relationship between the lamprophyres (vein-dominated melts) and the mafic calc-alkaline rocks (diluted by partial melting of peridotite wall-rock after exhaustion of phlogopite and other vein minerals). Whole-rock Fe-3/Fe-2 and glass-inclusion S-6 indicate relatively high fO(2) in these magmas, up to several log units above the NiNiO buffer. The highest concentrations of water and most other volatile elements (7 H2O, 1460 ppm CO2, 2 SO3Total, 2400 ppm Cl, and 1 F) were recorded for a glass inclusion from a Colima minette with 482 wt SiO2, 60 wt K2O, and 12 wt P2O5 (normalized anhydrous). This samples volatile composition corresponds to a depth of entrapment of 24 km (calculated pressure of 6660 bars). This inclusion (trapped within olivine with Mg-number 915) represents the most primitive melt in this study and has a composition that can be attributed to partial melting of phlogopite-pyroxenite veins in the mantle wedge with minor dilution (possibly as little as 25) by partial melts from the surrounding peridotite wall-rock. However, there are indications that even this inclusion has undergone degassing, suggesting that primary vein melts have even higher H2O and CO2 contents. Further dilution of the vein-dominated lamprophyre melts by wallrock melts yields basanites and ultimately calc-alkaline basalts. Mafic calc-alkaline whole-rock and glass-inclusion compositions are consistent with formation through mixing of 5 vein melts with 95 peridotite wallrock melt. Among the calc-alkaline glass inclusions, the Mascota basaltic andesite has the highest concentrations of water and most other volatile elements with 496 wt SiO2, 10 K2O, 03 P2O5 (normalized anhydrous), 28 H2O, 296 ppm CO2 (1425 bars pressure and 52 km depth of entrapment), 08 SO3Total, 870 ppm Cl, and 720 ppm F. Such mafic calc-alkaline melts are envisioned as parental to the volumetrically dominant andesites of western Mexico. C1 [Maria, Anton H.] Univ So Indiana, Geol & Phys Dept, Evansville, IN 47712 USA. [Luhr, James F.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Maria, AH (reprint author), Univ So Indiana, Geol & Phys Dept, 8600 Univ Blvd, Evansville, IN 47712 USA. EM ahmaria@usi.edu FU Smithsonian Fellowship award; Lilly Endowment, Inc. FX I am indebted to Jim Luhr for introducing me to the Colima and Mascota volcanic fields and the science of glass-inclusion analysis, and for guiding my efforts throughout this project. Because of Jim's sudden death before completion of the manuscript, I am especially grateful to Sally Gibson, Sandro Conticelli, Robert Trumbull, and Paul Wallace for their thorough reviews and helpful comments. In particular, this paper has benefited tremendously from numerous conversations with Paul Wallace. Assistance with analytical techniques was offered by many members of the Smithsonian's Department of Mineral Sciences, including Tim Gooding, Marc Lipella, Amelia Logan, Tim McCoy, Tim Rose, and Ed Vicenzi. Charles Mandeville, of the American Museum of Natural History, shared advice and glass standards for FTIR. Erik Hauri of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution provided assistance with ion microprobe analyses. Bill McDonough of the University of Maryland provided assistance with LA-ICP-MS analyses. Carlos Navarro-Ochoa helped with fieldwork at Mascota. Lee Siebert and Paul Kimberly helped track down missing data, samples, and files following Jim's death. The opportunity to engage in this study with Jim Luhr was made possible by a Smithsonian Fellowship award. Additional support came in the form of an Excellence through Engagement Summer Research Fellowship provided by the Lilly Endowment, Inc. NR 80 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2123 EP 2156 DI 10.1093/petrology/egn060 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 398GX UT WOS:000262721700002 ER PT J AU Adey, WH Lindstrom, SC Hommersand, MH Muller, KM AF Adey, Walter H. Lindstrom, Sandra C. Hommersand, Max H. Mueller, Kirsten M. TI THE BIOGEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN OF ARCTIC ENDEMIC SEAWEEDS: A THERMOGEOGRAPHIC VIEW SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic; biogeography; endemic; Laminaria; origin; Rhodophyta; seaweeds; Thermogeographic Model ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; MARINE-ALGAE; BERING STRAIT; RED ALGAE; RHODOPHYTA; CORALLINALES; MELOBESIOIDEAE; SEQUENCES; PACIFIC; AMERICA AB The Arctic is geologically and biogeographically young, and the origin of its seaweed flora has been widely debated. The Arctic littoral biogeographic region dates from the latest Tertiary and Pleistocene. Following the opening of Bering Strait, about 3.5 mya, the "Great Trans-Arctic Biotic Interchange" populated the Arctic with a fauna strongly dominated by species of North Pacific origin. The Thermogeographic Model (TM) demonstrates why climate and geography continued to support this pattern in the Pleistocene. Thus, Arctic and Atlantic subarctic species of seaweeds are likely to be evolutionarily "based" in the North Pacific, subarctic species are likely to be widespread in the warmer Arctic, and species of Atlantic Boreal or warmer origin are unlikely in the Arctic and Subarctic. Although Arctic seaweeds have been thought to have a greater affinity with the North Atlantic, we have reanalyzed the Arctic endemic algal flora, using the Thermogeographic Model and evolutionary trees based on molecular data, to demonstrate otherwise. There are 35 congeneric species of the six, abundant Arctic Rhodophyta that we treat in this paper; 32 of these species (91%) occur in the North Pacific, two species (6%) occur in the Boreal or warmer Atlantic Ocean, and a single species is panoceanic, but restricted to the Subarctic. Laminaria solidungula J. Agardh, a kelp Arctic "endemic" species, has 18 sister species. While only eleven (61%) occur in the North Pacific, this rapidly dispersing and evolving genus is a terminal member of a diverse family and order (Laminariales) widely accepted to have evolved in the North Pacific. Thus, both the physical/time-based TM and the dominant biogeographic pattern of relatives of Arctic macrophytes suggest strong compliance with the evidence of zoology, geology, and paleoclimatology that the Arctic marine flora is largely of Pacific origin. C1 [Adey, Walter H.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Lindstrom, Sandra C.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hommersand, Max H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Mueller, Kirsten M.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Adey, WH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM adeyw@si.edu NR 64 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1384 EP 1394 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00605.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 378OQ UT WOS:000261334200005 PM 27039853 ER PT J AU Olson, SL AF Olson, Storrs L. TI A NEW SPECIES OF LARGE, TERRESTRIAL CARACARA FROM HOLOCENE DEPOSITS IN SOUTHERN JAMAICA (AVES: FALCONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Caracara tellustris; caracara; extinction; Falconidae; fossil birds; Holocene; Jamaica; West Indies ID QUATERNARY; CUBA AB A new species of caracara, Caracara tellustris, is described from cave deposits in the arid Portland Ridge area of southern Jamaica. It is characterized by great. size and much reduced wings, and was probably almost completely terrestrial in habits if not. even flightless. It was thus probably confined to the more arid southern areas of the island where open country, would be compatible with a terrestrial mode of life. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, MRC 116,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.3356/JRR-08-18.1 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 390LE UT WOS:000262165000005 ER PT J AU Kilvington, CC Collins, AG Kosevich, IA Pyataeva, SV Robson, EA AF Kilvington, C. C. Collins, A. G. Kosevich, I. A. Pyataeva, S. V. Robson, E. A. TI Protohydra leuckarti near Plymouth SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE Hydrozoa; Protohydra leuckarti; Plymouth; meiofauna; phylogeny ID RDNA DATA; CNIDARIA; HYDROZOA; MEIOBENTHOS; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; HYDROIDS; CAPITATA; ECOLOGY AB A new location for Protohydra leuckarti is reported near Plymouth at Millbrook Lake (Tamar Estuary). To place this finding in context, notes follow on a familiar habitat of this species in the White Sea, and on the general ecology and distribution Of Protohydra and its enigmatic phylogeny. C1 [Collins, A. G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Kosevich, I. A.; Pyataeva, S. V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Robson, E. A.] Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6AJ, Berks, England. RP Kilvington, CC (reprint author), 6 Fisher Rd, Plymouth PL2 3BB, Devon, England. EM e.a.robson@reading.ac.uk RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1555 EP 1557 DI 10.1017/S0025315408001288 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 398DG UT WOS:000262712200006 ER PT J AU Cartwright, P Evans, NM Dunn, CW Marques, AC Miglietta, MP Schuchert, P Collins, AG AF Cartwright, Paulyn Evans, Nathaniel M. Dunn, Casey W. Marques, Antonio C. Miglietta, Maria Pia Schuchert, Peter Collins, Allen G. TI Phylogenetics of Hydroidolina (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria) SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE phylogenetics; Hydroidolina; Hydrozoa; Cnidaria ID PHYLUM-CNIDARIA; RDNA DATA; EVOLUTION; MEDUSOZOA; HYDROIDOMEDUSAE; HYDRACTINIIDAE; CLASSIFICATION; LEPTOTHECATA; STECHOW AB Hydroidolina is a group of hydrozoans that includes Anthoathecata, Leptothecata and Siphonophorae. Previous phylogenetic analyses show strong support for Hydroidolina monophyly, but the relationships between and within its subgroups remain uncertain. In an effort to further clarify hydroidolinan relationships, we performed phylogenetic analyses on 97 hydroidolinan taxa, using DNA sequences from partial mitochondrial 16S rDNA, nearly complete nuclear 18S rDNA and nearly complete nuclear 28S rDNA. Our findings are consistent with previous analyses that support monophyly of Siphonophorae and Leptothecata and do not support monophyly of Anthoathecata nor its component subgroups, Filifera and Capitata. Instead, within Anthoathecata, we find support for four separate filiferan clades and two separate capitate clades (Aplanulata and Capitata sensu stricto). Our data however, lack any substantive support for discerning relationships between these eight distinct hydroidolinan clades. C1 [Cartwright, Paulyn; Evans, Nathaniel M.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Dunn, Casey W.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Marques, Antonio C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Miglietta, Maria Pia] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schuchert, Peter] Museum Hist Nat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cartwright, P (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM pcart@ku.edu RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Marques, Antonio/E-8049-2011; OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Marques, Antonio/0000-0002-2884-0541; Dunn, Casey/0000-0003-0628-5150; Evans, Nathaniel/0000-0003-4524-372X FU NSF [EF-0531779]; CNPq [55.7333/2005-9, 490348/2006-8, 305735/2006-3]; FAPESP [2004/09961-4] FX We would like to thank A. Lindner for DNA samples and anonymous referees for helpful comments. This study was supported from grants from NSF AToL EF-0531779 (to P.C. and A.G.C.). A.C.M. has financial support from CNPq (55.7333/2005-9, 490348/2006-8, 305735/2006-3) and FAPESP (2004/09961-4). NR 36 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 88 IS 8 SI SI BP 1663 EP 1672 DI 10.1017/S0025315408002257 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 398DG UT WOS:000262712200019 ER PT J AU Collins, AG Bentlage, B Lindner, A Lindsay, D Haddock, SHD Jarms, G Norenburg, JL Jankowski, T Cartwright, P AF Collins, Allen G. Bentlage, Bastian Lindner, Alberto Lindsay, Dhugal Haddock, Steven H. D. Jarms, Gerhard Norenburg, Jon L. Jankowski, Thomas Cartwright, Paulyn TI Phylogenetics of Trachylina (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with new insights on the evolution of some problematical taxa SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE phylogenetics; Trachylina; problematic taxa ID N-SP; PEDOMORPHOSIS; STAUROMEDUSA; DIVERSITY; MEDUSOZOA; MEDUSAE; PHYLUM AB Some of the most interesting and enigmatic cnidarians are classified within the hydrozoan subclass Trachylina. Despite being relatively depauperate in species richness, the clade contains four taxa typically accorded ordinal status: Actinulida, Limnomedusae, Narcomedusae and Trachymedusae. We bring molecular data (mitochondrial 16S and nuclear small and large subunit ribosomal genes) to bear on the question of phylogenetic relationships within Trachylina. Surprisingly, we find that a diminutive polyp form, Microhydrula limopsicola (classified within Limnomedusae) is actually a previously unknown life stage of a species of Stauromedusae. Our data confirm that the interstitial form Halammohydra sp. (Actinulida) is derived from holopelagic direct developing ancestors, likely within the trachymedusan family Rhopalonematidae. Trachymedusae is shown to be diphyletic, suggesting that the polyp stage has been lost independently at least two times within trachyline evolution. Narcomedusae is supported as a monophyletic group likely also arising from trachymedusan ancestors. Finally, some data, albeit limited, suggest that some trachyline species names refer to cryptic species that have yet to be sorted taxonomically. C1 [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Bentlage, Bastian; Cartwright, Paulyn] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Lindner, Alberto] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Biol Marinha, Sao Sebastiao, SP, Brazil. [Lindsay, Dhugal] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Haddock, Steven H. D.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Jarms, Gerhard] Univ Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Jarms, Gerhard] Univ Hamburg, Zool Museum, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Jankowski, Thomas] Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Collins, AG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, MRC-153,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM CollinsA@SI.edu RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Lindner, Alberto/E-1946-2013; Norenburg, Jon/K-3481-2015 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Norenburg, Jon/0000-0001-7776-1527 FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [0531779]; FAPESP [06/02960-8/05821-9/60327-0]; [OPP-0338218]; [DEB-9978086] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Assembling the Tree of Life Grant 0531779 (to P.C., A.G.C., and D. Fautin). We also thank: three anonymous referees for reviewing an earlier version of the MS; P. Schuchert for providing DNA extractions; C. Mah and K. Halanych for collecting medusae in Antarctica through support from a NSF grant (OPP-0338218 to KH); the Smithsonian's Marine Science Network and R. Collin for supporting the collection of specimens; the Smithsonian's Laboratory of Analytical Biology for the use of its computer cluster to conduct phylogenetic analyses; E. Strong for the use of a computer to conduct phylogenetic analyses; N. Evans for developing several new LSU primers; Lynne Christianson, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the ROVs 'Tiburon' and 'Ventand for support used to collect specimens; D. Calder, P. Schuchert, S. Cairns and A. Kohn for consultation on how best to handle the nomenclatural issues surrounding the name Tetraplatiidae; and, NSF (PEET DEB-9978086) and FAPESP (06/02960-8/05821-9/60327-0) for financial support for A. Lindner. NR 54 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 88 IS 8 SI SI BP 1673 EP 1685 DI 10.1017/S0025315408001732 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 398DG UT WOS:000262712200020 ER PT J AU Crescimanno, M Hohensee, M AF Crescimanno, M. Hohensee, M. TI N plus CPT clock resonance SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLOCK; FREQUENCY REFERENCES/; POPULATION; MODULATION; STANDARDS; SHIFTS; VAPOR; NOISE AB In a typical compact atomic time standard a current modulated semiconductor laser is used to create the optical fields that interrogate the atomic hyperfine transition. A pair of optical sidebands created by modulating the diode laser become the coherent population trapping (CPT) fields. At the same time, other pairs of optical sidebands may contribute to other multiphoton resonances, such as three-photon N-resonance [Phys. Rev. A 65, 043817 (2002)]. We analyze the resulting joint CPT and N-resonance (hereafter N+CPT) analytically and numerically. Analytically we solve a four-level quantum optics model for this joint resonance and perturbatively include the leading ac Stark effects from the five largest optical fields in the laser's modulation comb. Numerically we use a truncated Floquet solving routine that first symbolically develops the optical Bloch equations to a prescribed order of perturbation theory before evaluating. This numerical approach has, as input, the complete physical details of the first two excited-state manifolds of (87)Rb. We test these theoretical approaches with experiments by characterizing the optimal clock operating regimes. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Crescimanno, M.] Youngstown State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. [Hohensee, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Crescimanno, M (reprint author), Youngstown State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. EM mcrescim@cc.ysu.edu OI Hohensee, Michael/0000-0002-8106-4502 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR); National Science Foundation (NSF); Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Studies FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through a grant to the Institute of Theoretical Atomic and Molecular Physics at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and the Research Professorship Program through Youngstown State University. We. also acknowledge support from the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Studies, where this work was completed. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2130 EP 2139 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.25.002130 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 389MC UT WOS:000262096000043 ER PT J AU Bohlman, SA Laurance, WF Laurance, SG Nascimento, HEM Fearnside, PM Ana, A AF Bohlman, Stephanie A. Laurance, William F. Laurance, Susan G. Nascimento, Henrique E. M. Fearnside, Philip M. Ana, Andrade TI Importance of soils, topography and geographic distance in structuring central Amazonian tree communities SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Beta diversity; Brazil; Floristics; Species abundance; Spatial dependence; Tropical forest ID BORNEAN RAIN-FOREST; TERRA-FIRME FORESTS; BETA-DIVERSITY; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; MESOSCALE DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; ECUADORIAN AMAZONIA; FLORISTIC VARIATION; NEOTROPICAL FOREST AB Question: What is the relative contribution of geographic distance, soil and topographic variables in determining the community floristic patterns and individual tree species abundances in the nutrient-poor soils of central Amazonia? Location: Central Amazonia near Manaus, Brazil. Methods: Our analysis was based on data for 1105 tree species (>= 10 cm dbh) within 40 1-ha plots over a ca. 1000-km(2) area. Slope and 26 soil-surface parameters were measured for each plot. A main soil- fertility gradient (encompassing soil texture, cation content, nitrogen and carbon) and five other uncorrelated soil and topographic variables were used as potential predictors of plant-community composition. Mantel tests and multiple regressions on distance matrices were used to detect relationships at the community level, and ordinary least square (OLS) and conditional autoregressive (CAR) models were used to detect relationships for individual species abundances. Results: Floristic similarity declined rapidly with distance over small spatial scales (0-5 km), but remained constant (ca. 44%) over distances of 5 to 30 km, which indicates lower beta diversity than in western Amazonian forests. Distance explained 1/3 to 1/2 more variance in floristics measures than environmental variables. Community composition was most strongly related to the main soil- fertility gradient and C:N ratio. The main fertility gradient and pH had the greatest impact of species abundances. About 30% of individual tree species were significantly related to one or more soil/topographic parameters. Conclusions: Geographic distance and the main fertility gradient are the best predictors of community floristic composition, but other soil variables, particularly C: N ratio, pH, and slope, have strong relationships with a significant portion of the tree community. C1 [Bohlman, Stephanie A.; Laurance, William F.; Laurance, Susan G.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Laurance, William F.; Laurance, Susan G.; Nascimento, Henrique E. M.] Natl Inst Amazon Res INPA, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Fearnside, Philip M.] Natl Inst Amazon Res INPA, Dept Ecol, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Bohlman, SA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM sbohlman@princeton.edu; laurancew@si.edu; laurances@si.edu; henrique@inpa.gov.br; pmfearn@inpa.gov.br; titina@inpa.gov.br RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Nascimento, Henrique/F-8612-2012; Fearnside, Philip/D-6559-2011; Laurance, Susan/G-6021-2011 OI Fearnside, Philip/0000-0003-3672-9082; Laurance, Susan/0000-0002-2831-2933 FU NASA-LBA Program; A. W. Mellon Foundation; Conservation, Food and Health Foundation; World Wildlife Fund-U. S.; MacArthur Foundation; National Institute for Amazon Research; Smithsonian Institution FX We thank Hanna Tuomisto, Richard Condit, Ben Turner and four anonymous reviewers for commenting on the manuscript. Support was provided by the NASA-LBA Program, A. W. Mellon Foundation, Conservation, Food and Health Foundation, World Wildlife Fund-U. S., MacArthur Foundation, National Institute for Amazon Research, and Smithsonian Institution. This is publication number 514 in the BDFFP technical series. NR 70 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 19 IS 6 BP 863 EP 874 DI 10.3170/2008-8-18463 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 416JK UT WOS:000264001900014 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Spanglish SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 133 IS 20 BP 158 EP 158 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 382KJ UT WOS:000261604400305 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI ATTACK OF THE THEATER PEOPLE SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 133 IS 20 BP 172 EP 172 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 382KJ UT WOS:000261604400326 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI BEGINNER'S GREEK SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 133 IS 20 BP 172 EP 172 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 382KJ UT WOS:000261604400325 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI THE DEPORTEES AND OTHER STORIES SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 133 IS 20 BP 172 EP 172 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 382KJ UT WOS:000261604400324 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI THE DISREPUTABLE HISTORY OF FRANKIE LANDAU-BANKS SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 133 IS 20 BP 172 EP 172 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 382KJ UT WOS:000261604400323 ER PT J AU Thornhill, DJ Mahon, AR Norenburg, JL Halanych, KM AF Thornhill, Daniel J. Mahon, Andrew R. Norenburg, Jon L. Halanych, Kenneth M. TI Open-ocean barriers to dispersal: a test case with the Antarctic Polar Front and the ribbon worm Parborlasia corrugatus (Nemertea: Lineidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 16S; Antarctic Circumpolar Current; Antarctic Polar Front; Antarctica; COI; cryptic species ID BENTHIC MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA DANA; CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; DRAKE PASSAGE; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; SUBZERO TEMPERATURES; INFINITE POPULATION AB Open-ocean environments provide few obvious barriers to the dispersal of marine organisms. Major currents and/or environmental gradients potentially impede gene flow. One system hypothesized to form an open-ocean dispersal barrier is the Antarctic Polar Front, an area characterized by marked temperature change, deep water, and the high-flow Antarctic Circumpolar current. Despite these potential isolating factors, several invertebrate species occur in both regions, including the broadcast-spawning nemertean worm Parborlasia corrugatus. To empirically test for the presence of an open-ocean dispersal barrier, we sampled P. corrugatus and other nemerteans from southern South America, Antarctica, and the sub-Antarctic islands. Diversity was assessed by analyzing mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data with Bayesian inference and tcs haplotype network analysis. Appropriate neutrality tests were also employed. Although our results indicate a single well-mixed lineage in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic, no evidence for recent gene flow was detected between this population and South American P. corrugatus. Thus, even though P. corrugatus can disperse over large geographical distances, physical oceanographic barriers (i.e. Antarctic Polar Front and Antarctic Circumpolar Current) between continents have likely restricted dispersal over evolutionary time. Genetic distances and haplotype network analysis between South American and Antarctic/sub-Antarctic P. corrugatus suggest that these two populations are possibly two cryptic species. C1 [Norenburg, Jon L.] NMNH, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Thornhill, DJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 101 Rouse Life Sci Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM thornhill.dan@gmail.com RI Thornhill, Daniel/A-7730-2009; Halanych, Ken/A-9480-2009; Norenburg, Jon/K-3481-2015 OI Halanych, Ken/0000-0002-8658-9674; Norenburg, Jon/0000-0001-7776-1527 FU NSF [OPP-0132032]; National Science Foundation [OPP-9910164, OPP-0338087, OPP-0338218]; AU Marine Biology Program [46] FX We are grateful for the help and logistical support by the crew and participants in the 2004 and 2006 Antarctic expeditions aboard the R/V Laurence M. Gould. H.W. Deitrich and S.J. Lockhart also graciously contributed samples to this project collected during a 2004 expedition aboard R/V Nathanial Palmer (NSF OPP-0132032). Helpful discussions and comments on the manuscript were provided by S.R. Santos and R.L. Hunter. We would also like to thank four anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and criticisms. This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants (OPP-9910164, OPP-0338087, and OPP-0338218) to K.M. Halanych and R.S. Scheltema. This is AU Marine Biology Program contribution #46. NR 99 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 23 BP 5104 EP 5117 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03970.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 375HE UT WOS:000261104000014 PM 18992005 ER PT J AU Dumbacher, JP Deiner, K Thompson, L Fleischer, RC AF Dumbacher, John P. Deiner, Kristy Thompson, Lindsey Fleischer, Robert C. TI Phylogeny of the avian genus Pitohui and the evolution of toxicity in birds SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Pitohui; Ifrita; Pachycephalidae; Pachycephala; Phylogeny; Chemical defense; Toxicity; Morningbird; Batrachotoxin ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; ANCESTRAL CHARACTER STATES; PASSERINE BIRDS; BATRACHOTOXIN ALKALOIDS; DISCRETE CHARACTERS; MULLERIAN MIMICRY; ANCIENT DNA; PREY; PREDATORS; HOMOBATRACHOTOXIN AB Bird species in the avian genus Pitohui contain potent neurotoxic alkaloids that may be used for defense. The genus comprises multiple species that are endemic to New Guinea and were presumed to belong to the family Pachycephalidae or Colluricinclidae, within the core corvoidea, an ancient Australasian radiation of crow-like birds. In order to understand the evolution of toxicity within the genus Pitohui, we sequenced three mitochondrial and two nuclear gene segments and reconstructed a phylogeny of the genus Pitohui and its putative relatives. We show that the genus Pitohui is polyphyletic, and consists of five different lineages. Using Bayesian ancestral state reconstruction, we estimate that toxicity likely evolved multiple times within this group. Furthermore, because the morphological and behavioral similarity among these poisonous birds appears to have evolved convergently, we hypothesize that this may be a possible example of Mullerian mimicry in birds. The Morningbird of Palau, Micronesia, that has often been included in the genus Pitohui, actually belongs in the genus Pachycephala and offers an intriguing case of pronounced evolution on a remote oceanic island. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dumbacher, John P.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Ornithol & Mammal, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Dumbacher, John P.; Thompson, Lindsey; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Dumbacher, John P.; Thompson, Lindsey; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Dumbacher, John P.] Smithsonian Conservat Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Dumbacher, JP (reprint author), Calif Acad Sci, Dept Ornithol & Mammal, 55 Music Concourse Dr, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM jdumbacher@calacademy.org FU Smithsonian Scholarly Studies Program; Friends of the National Zoo; Abbott and Sisley Funds; Christensen Fund; NSF [DEB 0108247] FX We thank those who provided tissue or DNA samples for this work, including R. Prys-Jones (Natural History Museum at Tring); J. Cracraft, M. LeCroy, and G. Barrowdough (American Museum of Natural History), F. Bonaccorso and Ilaiah Bigilale (Papua New Guinea National Museum and Art Gallery), W. Boles (Australian Museum), L. Christidis (Museum of Victoria), C. Cicero (Museum of Vertebrate Zoology), and A. Mack. We also thank S. Derrickson and C. McIntosh who helped with fieldwork, the Smithsonian Institution Genetics Program for supplies and logistical support, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. For funding, we thank the Smithsonian Scholarly Studies Program, Friends of the National Zoo, the Abbott and Sisley Funds, the Christensen Fund, and NSF Grant DEB 0108247. NR 66 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 49 IS 3 BP 774 EP 781 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.09.018 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 383BA UT WOS:000261647900008 PM 18929671 ER PT J AU Duda, TF Bolin, MB Meyer, CP Kohn, AJ AF Duda, Thomas F., Jr. Bolin, Matthew B. Meyer, Christopher P. Kohn, Alan J. TI Hidden diversity in a hyperdiverse gastropod genus: Discovery of previously unidentified members of a Conus species complex SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Conus; Species complex; Cryptic species; Molecular phylogeny ID MARINE; POPULATION; INFERENCE; EVOLUTION; MOLLUSCA; CONIDAE; MRBAYES AB Molecular sequence data are a powerful tool for delimiting species, particularly in cases where morphological differences are obscure. Distinguishing species in the Conus sponsalis complex of tropical marine gastropods has long been difficult, because descriptions and identification has relied exclusively on shell characters, primarily color patterns, and these often appear to intergrade among putative species. Here we use Molecular sequence data from two mitochondrial gene regions (16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase Subunit 1) and one nuclear locus (a four-loop conotoxin gene) to characterize the genetic discontinuity of the nominal species of this group currently accepted as valid: the Indo-West Pacific C. sponsalis, C. nanus, C. ceylanensis, C. musicus and C. parvatus, and the eastern Pacific C. nux. In these analyses C. nanus and C. sponsalis resolve quite well and appear to represent distinct evolutionary units that are mostly congruent with morphology-based distinctions. We also identified several cryptic entities whose genetic uniqueness suggests species-level distinctions. Two of these fit the original description of C. spronsalis; three forms appear to represent C. nanus but differ in adult shell size or possess a unique shell color pattern. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Duda, Thomas F., Jr.; Bolin, Matthew B.] Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Duda, Thomas F., Jr.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Meyer, Christopher P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Kohn, Alan J.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Duda, TF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM tfduda@umich.edu FU NSF [0316338, 0718370]; University of Michigan Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology FX This work was supported by NSF Grants 0316338 (to A.J.K.) and 0718370 (to T.F.D.) as well as Research Incentive and Start-up funds from the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (to T.F.D.). We thank Daniel Geiger of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History and Harry Bedell for providing some of the specimens that were analyzed in this work. We also appreciate the comments of Diarmaid O Foighil and several anonymous reviewers on previous drafts of this paper. We also thank Steve Smriga and Evan Braswell for obtaining some of the data analyzed in this work. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 49 IS 3 BP 867 EP 876 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.009 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 383BA UT WOS:000261647900015 PM 18783734 ER PT J AU Somerville, RS Hopkins, PF Cox, TJ Robertson, BE Hernquist, L AF Somerville, Rachel S. Hopkins, Philip F. Cox, Thomas J. Robertson, Brant E. Hernquist, Lars TI A semi-analytic model for the co-evolution of galaxies, black holes and active galactic nuclei SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; cosmology: theory ID QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; TRIGGERED STAR-FORMATION; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES; DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATION; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; DARK-MATTER HALOES; X-RAY BINARIES AB We present a new semi-analytic model that self-consistently traces the growth of supermassive black holes (BH) and their host galaxies within the context of the Lambda cold dark matter (Lambda CDM) cosmological framework. In our model, the energy emitted by accreting black holes regulates the growth of the black holes themselves, drives galactic scale winds that can remove cold gas from galaxies, and produces powerful jets that heat the hot gas atmospheres surrounding groups and clusters. We present a comprehensive comparison of our model predictions with observational measurements of key physical properties of low-redshift galaxies, such as cold gas fractions, stellar metallicities and ages, and specific star formation rates. We find that our new models successfully reproduce the exponential cut-off in the stellar mass function and the stellar and cold gas mass densities at z similar to 0, and predict that star formation should be largely, but not entirely, quenched in massive galaxies at the present day. We also find that our model of self-regulated BH growth naturally reproduces the observed relation between BH mass and bulge mass. We explore the global formation history of galaxies and black holes in our models, presenting predictions for the cosmic histories of star formation, stellar mass assembly, cold gas and metals. We find that models assuming the 'concordance' Lambda CDM cosmology overproduce star formation and stellar mass at high redshift (z greater than or similar to 2). A model with less small-scale power predicts less star formation at high redshift, and excellent agreement with the observed stellar mass assembly history, but may have difficulty accounting for the cold gas in quasar absorption systems at high redshift (z similar to 3-4). C1 [Somerville, Rachel S.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hopkins, Philip F.; Cox, Thomas J.; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Robertson, Brant E.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Robertson, Brant E.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Robertson, Brant E.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Somerville, RS (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM somerville@mpia.de FU NASA; W. M. Keck Foundation FX We would like to thank E. Bell, B. Panter and D. Schiminovich for providing us with their data in electronic form. We warmly thank B. Allgood, E. Bell, J. Bromley, D. Croton, G. de Lucia, A. Dekel, M. Elvis, S. Faber, A. Fabian, S. Jester, A. Kravtsov, C. Martin, L. Moustakas, P. Natarajan, H.- W. Rix, S. Trager, R. Wechsler and A. Walen for discussions that contributed to this work, and S. Allen, A. Gonzalez and S. Zibetti for help interpreting their observational results. We also thank E. Bell and S. Trager for careful readings of an earlier draft of the manuscript, and B. Moster for providing us with his results in advance of publication. RSS thanks the ITC at the CfA for hospitality. BER gratefully acknowledges support from a Spitzer Fellowship through a NASA grant administrated by the Spitzer Science Center. This work was supported in part by a grant from the W. M. Keck Foundation. NR 241 TC 526 Z9 527 U1 2 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 2 BP 481 EP 506 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13805.x PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 377QI UT WOS:000261265300001 ER PT J AU Southworth, J Gansicke, BT Marsh, TR Torres, MAP Steeghs, D Hakala, P Copperwheat, CM Aungwerojwit, A Mukadam, A AF Southworth, John Gansicke, B. T. Marsh, T. R. Torres, M. A. P. Steeghs, D. Hakala, P. Copperwheat, C. M. Aungwerojwit, A. Mukadam, A. TI Orbital periods of cataclysmic variables identified by the SDSS - V. VLT, NTT and Magellan observations of nine equatorial systems SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries: spectroscopic; stars: dwarf novae; novae, cataclysmic variables; white dwarfs ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; X-RAY BINARIES; OPTIMAL EXTRACTION ALGORITHM; ECLIPSING DWARF NOVA; SW SEXTANTIS STARS; OPEN CLUSTERS; WHITE-DWARF; MAGNETIC BRAKING; COMPONENT MASSES; ACCRETION DISKS AB We present Very Large Telescope (VLT) and Magellan spectroscopy and New Technology Telescope photometry of nine faint cataclysmic variables (CVs) which were spectroscopically identified by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We measure orbital periods for five of these from the velocity variations of the cores and wings of their H alpha emission lines. Four of the five have orbital periods shorter than the 2-3 h period gap observed in the known population of CVs. SDSS J004335.14-003729.8 has an orbital period of P(orb) = 82.325 +/- 0.088 min; Doppler maps show emission from the accretion disc, bright spot and the irradiated inner face of the secondary star. In its light curve, we find a periodicity which may be attributable to pulsations of the white dwarf. SDSS J163722.21-001957.1 has P(orb) = 99.75 +/- 0.86 min. By combining this new measurement with a published superhump period, we estimate a mass ratio of q approximate to 0.16 and infer the physical properties and orbital inclination of the system. For SDSS J164248.52+134751.4, we find P(orb) = 113.60 +/- 1.5 min. The Doppler map of this CV shows an unusual brightness distribution in the accretion disc which would benefit from further observations. SDSS J165837.70+184727.4 had spectroscopic characteristics which were very different between the SDSS spectrum and our own VLT observations, despite only a small change in brightness. We measure P(orb) = 98.012 +/- 0.065 min from its narrow H alpha emission line. Finally, SDSS J223843.84+ 010820.7 has a comparatively longer period of P(orb) = 194.30 +/- 0.16 min. It contains a magnetic white dwarf and, with g = 18.15, is brighter than the other objects studied here. These results continue the trend for the fainter CVs identified by the SDSS to be almost exclusively shorter period objects with low mass transfer rates. C1 [Southworth, John; Gansicke, B. T.; Marsh, T. R.; Steeghs, D.; Copperwheat, C. M.; Aungwerojwit, A.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Torres, M. A. P.; Steeghs, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hakala, P.] Univ Turku, Tuorla Observ, FIN-21500 Piikkio, Finland. [Aungwerojwit, A.] Naresuan Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. [Mukadam, A.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Southworth, J (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM j.k.taylor@warwick.ac.uk; Boris.Gaensicke@warwick.ac.uk; T.R.Marsh@warwick.ac.uk RI Gaensicke, Boris/A-9421-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Gaensicke, Boris/0000-0002-2761-3005; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 FU La Silla and Paranal Observatories [ID 079, D-0024]; PPARC; STFC Advanced Fellowship; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Participating Institutions; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; Japanese Monbukagakusho and the Max Planck Society FX The reduced spectra and RV measurements presented in this work will be made available at the CDS (http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/) and at http://www.astro.keele.ac.uk/similar to jkt/. Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla and Paranal Observatories under programme ID 079, D-0024. Some data presented here have been taken using ALFOSC, which is owned by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA) and operated at the NOT under agreement between IAA and the NBIfAFG of the Astronomical Observatory of Copenhagen.; JS and CMC acknowledge financial support from PPARC in the form of a postdoctoral research assistant position. DS acknowledges an STFC Advanced Fellowship. The following internet-based resources were used in research for this paper: the ESO Digitized Sky Survey; the NASA Astrophysics Data System; the SIMBAD data base operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France; and the arxiv scientific paper preprint service operated by Cornell University.; Funding for the SDSS has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, the Japanese Monbukagakusho and the Max Planck Society. The SDSS website is http://www.sdss.org/. NR 85 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 2 BP 591 EP 606 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13932.x PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 377QI UT WOS:000261265300009 ER PT J AU Rea, N Kramer, M Stella, L Jonker, PG Bassa, CG Groot, PJ Israel, GL Mendez, M Possenti, A Lyne, A AF Rea, N. Kramer, M. Stella, L. Jonker, P. G. Bassa, C. G. Groot, P. J. Israel, G. L. Mendez, M. Possenti, A. Lyne, A. TI On the nature of the intermittent pulsar PSR B1931+24 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE pulsars: general; pulsars: individual: PSR B1931+24 ID X-RAY TRANSIENTS; NEUTRON-STARS; ROSAT OBSERVATIONS; BINARY-SYSTEMS; RADIO PULSARS; ACCRETION; IRRADIATION; EVOLUTION; RADIATION AB PSR B1931+24 is the first intermittent radio pulsar discovered to date, characterized by a 0.8-s pulsation, which turns on and off quasi-periodically every similar to 35 d, with a duty cycle of similar to 10 per cent. Here, we present X-ray and optical observations of PSR B1931+24 performed with the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Isaac Newton Telescope, respectively. Simultaneous monitoring from the Jodrell Bank Observatory showed that this intermittent pulsar was in the radio-on phase during our observations. We do not find any X-ray or optical counterpart to PSR B1931+24, translating into an upper limit of similar to 2 x 10(31) erg s(-1) on the X-ray luminosity, and of g' > 22.6 on the optical magnitude. If the pulsar is isolated, these limits cannot constrain the dim X-ray and optical emission expected for a pulsar of this age (similar to 1.6 Myr). We discuss the possibility that the quasi-periodic intermittent behaviour of PSR B1931+24 is a result of the presence of a low-mass companion star or gaseous planet, tight with the pulsar in an eccentric orbit. In order to constrain the parameters of this putative binary system, we re-analysed the pulsar radio timing residuals. We found that (if indeed hosted in a binary system) PSR B1931+24 should have a very low-mass companion and an orbit of low inclination. C1 [Rea, N.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Rea, N.; Jonker, P. G.; Bassa, C. G.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Stella, L.; Lyne, A.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. [Stella, L.; Israel, G. L.] Astron Observ Rome, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy. [Jonker, P. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Groot, P. J.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Mendez, M.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Possenti, A.] Astron Observ Cagliari, INAF, I-09012 Capoterra, CA, Italy. RP Rea, N (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Kruislaan 403, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM nrea@science.uva.nl RI Mendez, Mariano/C-8011-2012; Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016; OI Mendez, Mariano/0000-0003-2187-2708; Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X; Israel, GianLuca/0000-0001-5480-6438 FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); Veni Fellowship; F. Verbunt, M. Burgay; Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF) FX We acknowledge the director of the Chandra X-ray Observatory, Harvey Tananbaum, for promptly according us an observation of PSR B1931+24 through its Director Discretionary Time, and for useful comments on a draft of this paper. We also thank the Chandra team for their efficiency during the scheduling process, and we thank the referee for valuable comments that greatly improved our work. NR acknowledges support from a Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Veni Fellowship, and thanks F. Verbunt, M. Burgay and the Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF) Epping pulsar group for useful discussions. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 2 BP 663 EP 667 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13795.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 377QI UT WOS:000261265300015 ER PT J AU Landt, H Bignall, HE AF Landt, Hermine Bignall, Hayley E. TI On the relationship between BL Lacertae objects and radio galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; BL Lacertae objects: general; radio continuum: galaxies ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; VLA OBSERVATIONS; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; PARENT POPULATION; BLAZAR SEQUENCE; COMPLETE SAMPLE; EMISSION-LINE; CATALOG; IDENTIFICATIONS AB We present deep radio images at 1.4 GHz of a large and complete sample of BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) selected from the Deep X-ray Radio Blazar Survey (DXRBS). We have observed 24 northern (delta >= 30.) sources with the Very Large Array (VLA) in both its A and C configurations and 15 southern sources with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in its largest configuration. We find that in the DXRBS, as in the 1-Jy survey, which has a radio flux limit roughly 10 times higher than the DXRBS, a considerable number (about a third) of BL Lacs can be identified with the relativistically beamed counterparts of Fanaroff-Riley type II (FR II) radio galaxies. We attribute the existence of FR II-BL Lacs, which is not accounted for by current unified schemes, to an inconsistency in our classification scheme for radio-loud active galactic nuclei. Taking the extended radio power as a suitable measure of intrinsic jet power, we find similar average values for low-(LBL) and high-energy peaked BL Lacs (HBL), contrary to the predictions of the blazar sequence. C1 [Landt, Hermine] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bignall, Hayley E.] Joint Inst VLBI Europe, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. RP Landt, H (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM hlandt@unimelb.edu.au RI Bignall, Hayley/B-2867-2013 OI Bignall, Hayley/0000-0001-6247-3071 FU CSIRO FX HL thanks the astrophysics department of Oxford University for its hospitality during the last months of this work. The VLA is operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, which is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The ATCA is part of the Australia Telescope, which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. NR 55 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 2 BP 967 EP 985 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13967.x PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 377QI UT WOS:000261265300042 ER PT J AU Porter, BW Speakman, RJ AF Porter, Benjamin W. Speakman, Robert J. TI Reading Moabite Pigments with Laser Ablation ICP-MS: A New Archaeometric Technique for Near Eastern Archaeology SO NEAR EASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Color was everywhere in the ancient Near East and, as historians of art have argued, an essential part of the visual aesthetic landscape. Whether employed in statuary, wall paintings, garments, or everyday objects, color affected viewers' experiences and communicated implicit messages of power, divinity, and piety. When investigating color, archaeologists typically have relied on low-level visual recording instruments such as Munsell color charts to compare color across artifact assemblages. Archaeologists oftentimes were left wondering what ingredients were needed to create pigment recipes and to what extent these recipes were shared across craft-production centers. Until recently, scholars lacked an affordable high-resolution and minimally destructive approach with which to identify pigment recipes and measure the distribution of recipes among assemblages. C1 [Porter, Benjamin W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Speakman, Robert J.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Porter, BW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SCHS ORIENTAL RESEARCH PI BOSTON PA BOSTON UNIV, 656 BEACON ST, 5TH FLOOR, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1094-2076 J9 NEAR EAST ARCHAEOL JI Near East. Archaeol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 71 IS 4 BP 238 EP 242 PG 5 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 435MO UT WOS:000265348200006 ER PT J AU Olsen, B Felch, J Greenberg, R Walters, J AF Olsen, Brian J. Felch, Joshua M. Greenberg, Russell Walters, Jeffrey R. TI Causes of reduced clutch size in a tidal marsh endemic SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Egg viability; Predation; Survival; Swamp sparrow; Temperature ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NEST PREDATION; BREEDING DISPERSAL; SWAMP SPARROW; SIBERIAN JAY; BIRDS; RISK; SUCCESS; INCUBATION; PLASTICITY AB We tested three hypotheses of clutch size variation in two subspecies of the swamp sparrow (Melospiza georgiana georgiana and M. g. nigrescens). Swamp sparrows follow the pattern of other estuarine endemics, where clutch size is smaller among tidal salt marsh populations (M. g. nigrescens) than their closest inland relatives (M. g. georgiana). Our results support predation risk and temperature, but not adult survival, as explanations of this pattern in swamp sparrows. Coastal nests were twice as likely to fail as inland nests, and parental activity around the nest site was positively related to clutch size at both sites. When brood size was controlled for, coastal adults visited nests less often and females vocalized less frequently during visits than inland birds, which may decrease nest detectability to predators. Coastal parents waited longer than inland birds to feed offspring in the presence of a model nest predator, but there was no difference in their response to models of predators of adults, as would be expected if coastal birds possessed increased longevity. Additionally, coastal females laid more eggs than inland females over a single season, following a within-season bet-hedging strategy rather than reducing within-season investment. Coastal territories experienced ambient air temperatures above the physiological zero of egg development more often, and higher temperatures during laying correlated with smaller clutches and increased egg inviability among coastal birds. Similar effects were not seen among inland nests, where laying temperatures were generally below physiological zero. Both subspecies showed an increase in hatching asynchrony and a decrease in apparent incubation length under high temperatures. Coastal individuals, however, showed less hatching asynchrony overall despite higher temperatures. Both air temperatures during laying and predation risk could potentially explain reduced clutch size in not only coastal plain swamp sparrows, but also other tidal marsh endemics. C1 [Olsen, Brian J.; Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Olsen, Brian J.; Felch, Joshua M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Felch, Joshua M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Olsen, B (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM brian.olsen@umit.maine.edu OI Olsen, Brian/0000-0001-5608-2779 FU Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife; Maryland Ornithological Society; Washington Biologists' Field Club; Washington Group of the Explorer's Club; Eastern Bird Banding Association; Smithsonian Institution's Abbot Fund; Virginia Tech's Graduate Research Development Program; Bailey Fund at Virginia Tech; Smithsonian Institution Graduate and Pre-doctoral Fellowships FX The field research was funded by grants from the Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife, the Maryland Ornithological Society, the Washington Biologists' Field Club, the Washington Group of the Explorer's Club, the Eastern Bird Banding Association, the Smithsonian Institution's Abbot Fund, Virginia Tech's Graduate Research Development Program, the Bailey Fund at Virginia Tech, and both Smithsonian Institution Graduate and Pre-doctoral Fellowships. Much thanks to Kevin Kalasz, Jennifer Wang, Meghan Powell, Kari Murabito, Jaan Kolts, Karen Callaway, Audrey Wessel, Joel Adamson, Benjamin Augustine, Benjamin Beas, Kate Heyden, and Irene Liu for help in the field. All research was compliant with current laws of the USA. Bird handling was conducted under US federal banding permit number 22665 and approved by the Conservation and Research Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Smithsonian National Zoological Park under proposal #04-10. Comments from Craig Osenberg, Blair Wolf, and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved this manuscript. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD DEC PY 2008 VL 158 IS 3 BP 421 EP 435 DI 10.1007/s00442-008-1148-1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 371UG UT WOS:000260856300005 PM 18825417 ER PT J AU West-Eberhard, MJ AF West-Eberhard, Mary Jane TI Toward a Modern Revival of Darwin's Theory of Evolutionary Novelty SO PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy-of-Science-Association CY NOV 02-04, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Philosophy Sci Assoc AB Darwin proposed that evolutionary novelties are environmentally induced in organisms "constitutionally" sensitive to environmental change, with selection effective owing to the inheritance of constitutional responses. A molecular theory of inheritance, pangenesis, explained the cross-generational transmission of environmentally induced traits, as required for evolution by natural selection. The twentieth-century evolutionary synthesis featured mutation as the source of novelty, neglecting the role of environmental induction. But current knowledge of environmentally sensitive gene expression, combined with the idea of genetic accommodation of mutationally and environmentally induced change, supports a revival of Darwin's original theory that is consistent with modern molecular and population genetics. C1 Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP West-Eberhard, MJ (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM mjwe@sent.com NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0031-8248 J9 PHILOS SCI JI Philos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 75 IS 5 BP 899 EP 908 PG 10 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 418CP UT WOS:000264125100035 ER PT J AU Tscherbul, TV Zhang, P Sadeghpour, HR Dalgarno, A Brahms, N Au, YS Doyle, JM AF Tscherbul, T. V. Zhang, P. Sadeghpour, H. R. Dalgarno, A. Brahms, N. Au, Y. S. Doyle, J. M. TI Collision-induced spin depolarization of alkali-metal atoms in cold He-3 gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE atom-atom collisions; helium; lithium; magnetic traps; potassium; quantum optics; quantum theory; radiation pressure ID EXCHANGE; NUCLEI; STATE; PAIRS AB We present a joint experimental and theoretical study of spin depolarization in collisions of alkali-metal atoms with He-3 in a magnetic field. A rigorous quantum theory for spin-changing transitions is developed and applied to calculate the spin exchange and spin relaxation rates of Li and K atoms in cryogenic He-3 gas. Magnetic trapping experiments provide upper bounds to the spin exchange rates for Li-He-3 and K-He-3, which are in agreement with the present theory. Our calculations demonstrate that the alkali-metal atoms have extremely slow spin depolarization rates, suggesting a number of potential applications in precision spectroscopy and quantum optics. C1 [Tscherbul, T. V.; Dalgarno, A.; Brahms, N.; Au, Y. S.; Doyle, J. M.] Harvard MIT Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tscherbul, T. V.; Zhang, P.; Sadeghpour, H. R.; Dalgarno, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brahms, N.; Au, Y. S.; Doyle, J. M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tscherbul, TV (reprint author), Harvard MIT Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Tscherbul, Timur/K-3286-2014 OI Tscherbul, Timur/0000-0001-5689-040X FU Chemical Science, Geo-science, and Bioscience Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy; NSF FX This work was supported by the Chemical Science, Geo-science, and Bioscience Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy and NSF grants to the Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Harvard University, and the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics at Harvard University and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 060703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.060703 PN A PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391OK UT WOS:000262242400010 ER PT J AU Zhang, JY Mitroy, J Sadeghpour, HR Bromley, MWJ AF Zhang, J. Y. Mitroy, J. Sadeghpour, H. R. Bromley, M. W. J. TI Long-range interactions of copper and silver atoms with hydrogen, helium, and rare-gas atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE atomic forces; copper; ground states; helium neutral atoms; inert gases; oscillator strengths; polarisability; resonant states; silver ID CORE POLARIZATION CORRECTIONS; DER-WAALS COEFFICIENTS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; AGH MOLECULE; AB-INITIO; MILLIKELVIN TEMPERATURES; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; ISOELECTRONIC-SEQUENCES; TRANSITION RATES; GROUND-STATE AB Dispersion interactions of the ground and resonantly excited states of Cu and Ag with a number of buffer gases are determined. The valence excitation spectrum was calculated by diagonalizing a semiempirical Hamiltonian in a large-dimension single-electron basis. The core made a significant contribution to the C-6 and C-8 dispersion coefficients for both copper and silver. Oscillator strengths and static scalar and tensor polarizabilities are given for some of the low-lying states. C1 [Zhang, J. Y.; Mitroy, J.] Charles Darwin Univ, Fac Technol, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Sadeghpour, H. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bromley, M. W. J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Bromley, M. W. J.] San Diego State Univ, Computat Sci Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Zhang, JY (reprint author), Charles Darwin Univ, Fac Technol, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. RI Mitroy, Jim/B-6371-2009; Bromley, Michael/A-9453-2010; Mitroy, James/N-2162-2013 OI Bromley, Michael/0000-0002-3817-7296; Mitroy, James/0000-0002-2477-1251 FU National Science Foundation; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics FX This work was supported in part by a National Science Foundation grant to ITAMP at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. NR 66 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 062710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.062710 PN A PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391OK UT WOS:000262242400101 ER PT J AU Finkbeiner, DP Slatyer, TR Weiner, N AF Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Slatyer, Tracy R. Weiner, Neal TI Nuclear scattering of dark matter coupled to a new light scalar SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HIGGS BOSONS AB We consider the nuclear scattering cross section for the exciting dark matter (XDM) model. In XDM, the weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) couple to the standard model only via an intermediate light scalar which mixes with the Higgs: this leads to a suppression in the nuclear scattering cross section relative to models in which the WIMPs couple to the Higgs directly. We estimate this suppression factor to be of order 10(-5). The elastic nuclear scattering cross section for XDM can also be computed directly: we perform this computation for XDM coupled to the Higgs sector of the standard model and find a spin-independent cross section in the order of 4 x 10(-13) pb in the decoupling limit, which is not within the range of any near-term direct detection experiments. However, if the XDM dark sector is instead coupled to a two-Higgs-doublet model, the spin-independent nuclear scattering cross section can be enhanced by up to 4 orders of magnitude for large tan beta, which should be observable in the upcoming SuperCDMS and ton-scale xenon experiments. C1 [Finkbeiner, Douglas P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Slatyer, Tracy R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Weiner, Neal] New York Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Finkbeiner, DP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dfinkbeiner@cfa.harvard.edu; tslatyer@fas.harvard.edu; neal.weiner@nyu.edu FU NSF CAREER [PHY-0449818]; DOE OJI [DE-FG0206ER41417] FX We would like to thank Paolo Gondolo for helpful discussions. N. W. is supported by NSF CAREER Grant No. PHY-0449818 and DOE OJI Grant No. DE-FG0206ER41417. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 116006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.116006 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 391SD UT WOS:000262252200084 ER PT J AU Brum, HD Nascimento, HEM Laurance, WF Andrade, ACS Laurance, SG Luiza, RCC AF Brum, Heloisa D. Nascimento, Henrique E. M. Laurance, William F. Andrade, Ana C. S. Laurance, Susan G. Luiza, Regina C. C. TI Rainforest fragmentation and the demography of the economically important palm Oenocarpus bacaba in central Amazonia SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arecaceae; Edge effects; Population dynamics; Tree seedlings ID BRAZILIAN-ATLANTIC-FOREST; SEED DISPERSAL; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HELICONIA-ACUMINATA; TREE COMMUNITIES; NORTHEAST BRAZIL; TROPICAL FOREST; RECRUITMENT; ECOLOGY; AGRICULTURE AB We summarize a long-term study of the effects of edge creation on establishment of the economically important arboreal palm Oenocarpus bacaba in an experimentally fragmented landscape in central Amazonia. Recruitment and mortality of large individuals (>= 10 cm diameter-at-breast-height) were recorded within 21 1-ha plots in fragmented and intact forests for periods of up to 22 years. In addition, 12 small (0.7 x 14 m) sub-plots within each 1-ha plot were used to enumerate the abundance of seedlings and saplings (5-400 cm tall). On average, the recruitment of large trees was over two times faster near forest edges, leading to a sharp (90%) increase in the mean population density of large individuals near forest edges, whereas the density of larger trees remained constant in the forest interior. Overall seedling and sapling density was significantly lower in edge than interior plots, but edge plots had a much higher proportion of larger (> 100 cm tall) saplings. Our findings demonstrate that forest edges can have complex effects on tree demography and that one must consider all tree life stages in order to effectively assess their effects on plant populations. C1 [Brum, Heloisa D.; Nascimento, Henrique E. M.; Andrade, Ana C. S.; Luiza, Regina C. C.] INPA, Natl Inst Amazonian Res, BDFFP, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Brum, Heloisa D.; Nascimento, Henrique E. M.; Andrade, Ana C. S.; Luiza, Regina C. C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Laurance, William F.; Laurance, Susan G.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Ancon, Panama. RP Nascimento, HEM (reprint author), INPA, Natl Inst Amazonian Res, BDFFP, CP 478, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EM henrique@inpa.gov.br RI Laurance, Susan/G-6021-2011; Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Nascimento, Henrique/F-8612-2012 OI Laurance, Susan/0000-0002-2831-2933; FU NASA/LBA Program; Programa Piloto para Protecao das Florestas Tropicais [PPG-7]; A. W. Mellon Foundation; Conservation, Food, and Health Foundation; World Wildlife Fund-U. S.; MacArthur Foundation; National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA); Fundacao de Amaparo a Pesquisa do Amazonas (FAPEAM); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Smithsonian Institution (SI) FX The manuscript was greatly improved by reviews from B. Nomann, M. Sandrini, M. Da Costa, J. Narita, and an anonymous referee. E. Hooper allowed us to collect data in her study sub-plots. Support was provided by the NASA/LBA Program; Programa Piloto para Protecao das Florestas Tropicais (PPG-7); A. W. Mellon Foundation; Conservation, Food, and Health Foundation; World Wildlife Fund-U. S.; MacArthur Foundation; National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA); Fundacao de Amaparo a Pesquisa do Amazonas (FAPEAM); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); and Smithsonian Institution (SI). This is the publication number 509 in the BDFFP Technical Series. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 199 IS 2 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1007/s11258-008-9425-y PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 366WN UT WOS:000260514400006 ER PT J AU Kitamura, K Takasu, H Hagiwara, S Homma, K O'Neill, J Whigham, DF Kawano, S AF Kitamura, Keiko Takasu, Hideki Hagiwara, Shinsuke Homma, Kohsuke O'Neill, Jay Whigham, Dennis F. Kawano, Shoichi TI Demographic genetics of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) IV. Development of genetic variability and gene flow during succession in a coastal plain forest in Maryland SO PLANT SPECIES BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation biology; Fagus grandifolia; gene flow; isozyme; spatial autocorrelation ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; FRAGMENTED POPULATIONS; F-STATISTICS; PLANT; DIVERSITY; DIFFERENTIATION; REPRODUCTION; PATTERNS; DISTANCE; HISTORY AB Genetic recovery of an American beech (Fagus grandifolia) population in deciduous forests that were once pastures was studied using 16 allozyme loci from 410 individuals in a 600 m x 600 m study plot in Maryland, USA. We also examined the spatio-temporal genetic structure of the American beech population at a regional scale. Overall genetic diversity of mature trees was measured by estimating average heterozygosity (H = 0.156). Rare alleles were observed in five loci, Lap, 6Pdgh3, Pgi, Adh1 and Got3. Mature individuals were divided into three size classes based on d.b.h. The genetic component of each size class was compared and it was revealed that several alleles (Pgm-a, 6Pgdh3-a and Lap-b) were shared only in specific size classes. The spatial distribution of the genotypes demonstrated a conspicuous localization in three loci (Aco, Adh1 and Idh). Spatial autocorrelation analyses were carried out among the mature trees for a 20 m interval, and were positive for 0-120 m and negative for > 180 m. Distrograms indicated that a unique genetic localization occurs among mature individuals. Seven hundred and seventy-five seedlings in the 10 m x 120 m transect were analyzed to measure gene flow via seed and/or pollen. We obtained a genetic neighborhood area of 1.17 ha and an effective population size of 32.4. The temporal and spatial modes of genetic recovery of the population are discussed in the context of conservation biology. C1 [Kitamura, Keiko] Hokkaido Res Ctr, Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Toyohira Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0628516, Japan. [Takasu, Hideki] Wakayama Univ, Fac Educ, Wakayama 6408441, Japan. [Hagiwara, Shinsuke] Nat Educ Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1080071, Japan. [Homma, Kohsuke] Niigata Univ, Field Ctr Sustainable Agr & Forestry, Niigata 9522206, Japan. [O'Neill, Jay; Whigham, Dennis F.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Kawano, Shoichi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Bot, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Kitamura, K (reprint author), Hokkaido Res Ctr, Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Toyohira Ku, Hitsujigaoka 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0628516, Japan. EM kitamq@ffpri.affrc.go.jp; skawano@mtb.biglobe.ne.jp OI Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X FU Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan [05041090, 08041143] FX We would like to thank Jerome E. Goudet for supplying the computer program and Daiju Hagiwara for his help with the field work. This series of studies was supported by Grants-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research; no. 05041090; no. 08041143 to S. Kawano) from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0913-557X J9 PLANT SPEC BIOL JI Plant Spec. Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 159 EP 173 DI 10.1111/j.1442-1984.2008.00228.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 369WI UT WOS:000260724200003 ER PT J AU Kassis, M Adams, JD Hora, JL Deutsch, LK Tollestrup, EV AF Kassis, Marc Adams, Joseph D. Hora, Joseph L. Deutsch, Lynne K. Tollestrup, Eric V. TI MIRSI, A Mid-Infrared Spectrometer and Imager: Performance Results from the IRTF SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION; ARRAY CAMERA; ORION-NEBULA; ASTRONOMY; EMISSION AB The Mid-Infrared Spectrometer and Imager (MIRSI) is a mid-infrared camera system built at Boston University for ground-based observing. MIRSI offers complete spectral coverage over the atmospheric windows at 8-14 and 18-26 mu m for both imaging (discrete filters and a circular variable filter) and spectroscopy (in the 10 and 20 mu m windows with resolutions of lambda/Delta lambda = 200 and 100, respectively). The optical design was optimized for use at NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). MIRSI utilizes a 320 x 240 pixel detector array with a plate scale of 0.27 '' pixel(-1), covering a field-of-view of 86 '' x 63 '' at the IRTF. MIRSI's optics provide diffraction-limited spatial resolution, and the instrument achieves 1 sigma detection limits of 4 and 236 mJy at 10 and 21 mu m, respectively, in 60 s of on-source integration time. C1 [Kassis, Marc] Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI USA. [Adams, Joseph D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hora, Joseph L.; Deutsch, Lynne K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tollestrup, Eric V.] NASA, Infrared Telescope Facil, Hilo, HI USA. RP Kassis, M (reprint author), Keck Observ, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI USA. EM mkassis@keck.hawaii.edu; jdadams@astro.cornell.edu; jhora@cfa.havard.edu; tolles@ifa.hawaii.edu OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 FU Boston University; NSF [9876656] FX We thank L. Bergknut, G. Koenig, S. J. Bus, and the IRTF telescope operators W. Golisch, D. Griep, and P. Sears for their assistance at the IRTF. We also acknowledge and thank J. Polizotti (SAO) for his design of the telescope interface. Funding for this work was provided by Boston University and the NSF Advanced Technologies Instrument Program (NSF grant 9876656). NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 120 IS 874 BP 1271 EP 1281 DI 10.1086/595711 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 385XS UT WOS:000261847500003 ER PT J AU Alvarado, JJ Solis-Marin, FA Ahearn, C AF Alvarado, J. J. Solis-Marin, F. A. Ahearn, C. TI Echinoderms (Echinodermata) from Central America Caribbean. SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA Spanish DT Article DE Echinodermata; Caribbean; Central America; similarity; diversity ID CAYOS-COCHINOS; OPHIUROIDEA; HONDURAS; SEA; ASTEROIDEA AB Echinoderms (Echinodermata) from Central America Caribbean. We present a systematic list of the echinoderms from the Central American Caribbean, including the archipelago of San Andres, based on specimens deposited at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., the Invertebrate Zoology and Geology collections of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, the Museo de Zoologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica, the literature and internet. A total of 253 echinoderm species are recorded, distributed in 142 genera, 63 families and 27 orders. Ophiuroidea (79 species) and Asteroidea (56 species) are the most diverse classes. Panama (154 species) and Belize (131 species) have the highest reported echinoderm diversities. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (Suppl. 3): 37-55. Epub 2009 January 05. C1 [Alvarado, J. J.] UCR, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar & Limnol, San Jose 115012060, Costa Rica. [Solis-Marin, F. A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Lab Sistemat & Ecol Equinodermos, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Ahearn, C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Alvarado, JJ (reprint author), UCR, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar & Limnol, San Jose 115012060, Costa Rica. EM juanalva76@yahoo.com RI Alvarado, Juan /A-4002-2012 NR 60 TC 7 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 56 BP 37 EP 55 PG 19 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 453WD UT WOS:000266642700004 ER PT J AU Clough, GW AF Clough, G. Wayne TI FROM THE CASTLE Channel Too SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, GW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39 IS 9 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 376RZ UT WOS:000261202000011 ER PT J AU Green, R AF Green, Rayna TI Beyond Grits and Gravy Mother Corn and the Dixie Pig Native Food in the Native South SO SOUTHERN CULTURES LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Green, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PRESS PI CHAPEL HILL PA BOX 2288, JOURNALS DEPT, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27515-2288 USA SN 1068-8218 J9 SOUTH CULT JI South. Cult. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 114 EP 126 PG 13 WC History SC History GA 382ET UT WOS:000261588700006 ER PT J AU Eberhard, WG Agnarsson, I Levi, HW AF Eberhard, William G. Agnarsson, Ingi Levi, Herbert W. TI Web forms and the phylogeny and theridiid spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae): chaos from order SO SYSTEMATICS AND BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Review DE behavioural evolution; cobwebs; behavioural imprecision hypothesis ID ORB-WEAVING SPIDERS; CONSTRUCTION BEHAVIOR; KLEPTOPARASITIC SPIDER; LATRODECTUS ARANEAE; ANELOSIMUS ARANEAE; SYNOTAXUS ARANEAE; SOCIAL SPIDER; NEW-ZEALAND; NEPHILIDAE; ARGYRODES AB We trace the evolution of the web designs of spiders in the large family Theridiidae using two recent, largely concordant phylogenies that are based on morphology and molecules. We use previous information on the webs of 88 species and new data on the web designs of 78 additional theridiid species (representing nearly half of the theridiid genera), and 12 other species in related families. Two strong, surprising patterns emerged: substantial within-taxon diversity; and frequent convergence in different taxa. These patterns are unusual: these web traits converged more frequently than the morphological traits of this same family, than the web traits in the related orb-weaving families Araneidae and Nephilidae, and than behavioural traits in general. The effects of intraspecific behavioural 'imprecision' on the appearance of new traits offer a possible explanation for this unusual evolutionary plasticity of theridiid web designs. C1 [Eberhard, William G.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Agnarsson, Ingi] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Levi, Herbert W.] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Eberhard, WG (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ciudad Univ, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM william.eberhard@gmail.com FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Universidad de Costa Rica; Killam Postdoctoral Fellowship FX We thank Gilbert Barrantes, who risked life and limb finding the Gaucelmus. and who, along with Ju-Lin Weng, helped document its web design. We thank them and Jonathan Coddington, for allowing LIS to cite unpublished observations. Laura May-Collado assisted with part of the fieldwork and offered comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Universidad de Costa Rica (WGE), and a Killam Postdoctoral Fellowship (IA). NR 131 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-2000 EI 1478-0933 J9 SYST BIODIVERS JI Syst. Biodivers. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 6 IS 4 BP 415 EP 475 DI 10.1017/S1477200008002855 PG 61 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 382QZ UT WOS:000261621800001 ER PT J AU Deutsch, J AF Deutsch, James TI Self-help books: Why Americans keep reading them SO WESTERN FOLKLORE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Deutsch, James] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Deutsch, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIFORNIA FOLKLORE SOC PI POMONA PA WESTERN FOLKLORE DEPT OF ENGL/FOREIGN LANGUAGES 3801 W.TEMPLE AVENUE, POMONA, CA 91768-4010 USA SN 0043-373X J9 WESTERN FOLKLORE JI West. Folk. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 67 IS 1 BP 117 EP 119 PG 3 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 330YQ UT WOS:000257979100012 ER PT J AU Lapolla, JS Burwell, C Brady, SG Miller, DR AF Lapolla, John S. Burwell, Chris Brady, Sean G. Miller, Douglass R. TI A new ortheziid (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from Australia associated with Acropyga myops Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and a key to Australian Ortheziidae SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE mealybug; trophobiosis; trophophoresy ID SCALE INSECTS AB A peculiar new genus of Ortheziidae is described from Queensland, Australia. Acropygorthezia williamsi LaPolla & Miller, n. gen. & sp. was discovered in two localities in the nests of Acropyga myops. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the adult female, adult male, first-instar nymph, prepupa, and pupa; descriptions only are provided for the second- and third-instar nymphs. Prior to this study, Acropyga ants were known to enter into trophobiotic relationships only with mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Therefore, this study represents the first non-mealybug association between a scale insect and Acropyga. The new ortheziid genus has a number of unusual morphological attributes: no definite wax plates; no ovisac; an anal ring lacking setae and pores, located dorsally in the middle of the abdomen; simple, large metasternal and mesosternal apophyses; numerous spines over the body, and various instars that are so similar that they are difficult to separate. These characteristics may represent adaptations to its relationship with ants. A key is provided to the Australian Ortheziidae. C1 [Lapolla, John S.] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21251 USA. [Burwell, Chris] Queensland Museum, Biodivers Program, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. [Brady, Sean G.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Brady, Sean G.] Smithsonian Inst, Labs Analyt Biol, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Miller, Douglass R.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lapolla, JS (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21251 USA. EM jlapolla@towson.edu; chris.burwell@qm.qld.gov.au; bradys@si.edu; dmiller@sel.barc.usda.gov FU NSF [EF-0431330] FX We give special thanks to Nate Hardy, University of California, Davis, for first diagnosing this unusual scale insect as an ortheziid. We are grateful to Nit Malikul, Systematic Entomology Laboratory for preparing the slide-mounted specimens. Jeff Wright ( Queensland Museum) kindly provided us with photos of ants and scales. We thank the Brisbane City Council for supporting the initial field surveys that ultimately led to the discovery of Acropygorthezia. We thank Gary Miller and Matt Buffington of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Douglas J. Williams, Natural History Museum, London, Penny Gullan and Nate Hardy, University of California, Davis for detailed reviews of the manuscript. SGB is supported by NSF grant EF-0431330. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 1 PY 2008 IS 1946 BP 55 EP 68 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 380GN UT WOS:000261454300003 ER PT J AU Lin, J Cranmer, SR Farrugia, CJ AF Lin, J. Cranmer, S. R. Farrugia, C. J. TI Plasmoids in reconnecting current sheets: Solar and terrestrial contexts compared SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SLOW-MODE SHOCKS; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC CLOUD; TRAVELING COMPRESSION REGIONS; PETSCHEK-TYPE RECONNECTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL FLUX ROPES; X-LINE RECONNECTION; 2002 JULY 23; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; EARTHS MAGNETOPAUSE AB Magnetic reconnection plays a crucial role in violent energy conversion occurring in the environments of high electrical conductivity, such as the solar atmosphere, magnetosphere, and fusion devices. We focus on the morphological features of the process in two different environments, the solar atmosphere and the geomagnetic tail. In addition to indirect evidence that indicates reconnection in progress or having just taken place, such as auroral manifestations in the magnetosphere and the flare loop system in the solar atmosphere, more direct evidence of reconnection in the solar and terrestrial environments is being collected. Such evidence includes the reconnection inflow near the reconnecting current sheet and the outflow along the sheet characterized by a sequence of plasmoids. Both turbulent and unsteady Petschek-type reconnection processes could account for the observations. We also discuss other relevant observational consequences of both mechanisms in these two settings. While on face value, these are two completely different physical environments, there emerge many commonalities, for example, an Alfven speed of the same order of magnitude, a key parameter determining the reconnection rate. This comparative study is meant as a contribution to current efforts aimed at isolating similarities in processes occurring in very different contexts in the heliosphere and even in the universe. C1 [Lin, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ China, Yunnan Astron Observ, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Lin, J.; Cranmer, S. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Farrugia, C. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Lin, J (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ China, Yunnan Astron Observ, POB 110, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China. EM jlin@ynao.ac.cn RI LIN, JUN/B-9890-2017 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006CB806303]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40636031]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KJCX2-YW-T04]; NASA [NNX07AL72G, NNG04GE77G, NNX08AD11G, NNG05GC75G, NNG06GDD41G] FX We thank N. Crooker for valuable comments and suggestions. We are also grateful for both referees' valuable comments and suggestions that helped improve this paper. JL thanks ISSI (International Space Science Institute, Bern) for the hospitality provided to the members of the team on the Role of Current Sheets in Solar Eruptive Events where some of the ideas presented in this work have been discussed. JL's work at YNAO was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under the Program 973 grant 2006CB806303, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the grant 40636031, and by the Chinese Academy of Sciences under the grant KJCX2-YW-T04 to YNAO, and he was supported by NASA grant NNX07AL72G when visiting CfA. SRC acknowledges support from NASA grant NNG04GE77G. CJF acknowledges support from NASA grants NNX08AD11G, NNG05GC75G, and NNG06GDD41G. SOHO is a joint mission of the European Space Agency and the U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 197 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 29 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A11 AR A11107 DI 10.1029/2008JA013409 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 377JN UT WOS:000261247600003 ER PT J AU Giraldo, N Salazar, C Jiggins, CD Bermingham, E Linares, M AF Giraldo, Nathalia Salazar, Camilo Jiggins, Chris D. Bermingham, Eldredge Linares, Mauricio TI Two sisters in the same dress: Heliconius cryptic species SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; PATTERN DIVERSITY; NATURAL-SELECTION; GENE GENEALOGIES; DARWINS FINCHES; BUTTERFLIES; SPECIATION; MIMICRY AB Background: Sister species divergence and reproductive isolation commonly results from ecological adaptation. In mimetic Heliconius butterflies, shifts in colour pattern contribute to pre- and post-mating reproductive isolation and are commonly correlated with speciation. Closely related mimetic species are therefore not expected, as they should lack several important sources of reproductive isolation. Results: Here we present phenotypic, behavioral and genetic evidence for the coexistence of two sympatric 'cryptic' species near Florencia in the eastern Andes of Colombia that share the same orange rayed colour pattern. These represent H. melpomene malleti and a novel taxon in the H. cydno group, here designated as novel race of Heliconius timareta, Heliconius timareta florencia. No-choice mating experiments show that these sympatric forms have strong assortative mating (approximate to 96%) despite great similarity in colour pattern, implying enhanced divergence in pheromonal signals. Conclusion: We hypothesize that these species might have resulted from recent convergence in colour pattern, perhaps facilitated by hybrid introgression of wing pattern genes. C1 [Giraldo, Nathalia; Salazar, Camilo; Linares, Mauricio] Univ Los Andes, Inst Genet, Bogota, Colombia. [Jiggins, Chris D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Salazar, Camilo; Bermingham, Eldredge] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Linares, M (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Inst Genet, Carrera 1 18A-70,POB 4976, Bogota, Colombia. EM na-giral@uniandes.edu.co; salazarc@si.edu; c.jiggins@zoo.cam.ac.uk; bermingham@si.edu; mlinares@uniandes.edu.co RI Jiggins, Chris/B-9960-2008; Salazar, camilo/A-1647-2010; Linares, Mauricio/I-3509-2016 OI Jiggins, Chris/0000-0002-7809-062X; Salazar, camilo/0000-0001-9217-6588; Linares, Mauricio/0000-0002-1021-0226 FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnolog a Francisco Jose de Caldas [COL-CIENCIAS 7155-CO]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council and the Royal Society; Banco de la Rep blica FX We would like to thank Maribel Gonz~lez and Carlos Arias at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for laboratory help with microsatellites and mtDNA amplification and Fernando Alda for help in microsatellite scoring and analysis. We also thank Mathieu Joron and Jesus Mavarez for ongoing discussion of cryptic species in the eastern Andes and for the original suggestion that these might represent sub-species of H. timareta. James Mallet, Gerardo Lamas and Jean Francois Le Crom for photographs of H. timareta from Ecuador and Per and H. tristero. Ministerio del Ambiente of Ecuador for collecting permitions. This work was carried out with grants from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (NG), Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnolog a Francisco Jose de Caldas COL-CIENCIAS 7155-CO (CS), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council and the Royal Society (CDJ), Banco de la Rep blica (ML and NG) and private donations (ML) from Continautos S. A., Proficol El Carmen S. A., Didacol S. A. and F. Arango, Colombia. NR 61 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD NOV 28 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 324 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-8-324 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 403AH UT WOS:000263053700001 PM 19040737 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Allen, B Aune, T Berley, D Blaufuss, E Casanova, S Chen, C Dingus, BL Ellsworth, RW Fleysher, L Fleysher, R Gonzalez, MM Goodman, JA Hoffman, CM Huntemeyer, PH Kolterman, BE Lansdell, CP Linnemann, JT McEnery, JE Mincer, AI Nemethy, P Noyes, D Pretz, J Ryan, JM Parkinson, PMS Shoup, A Sinnis, G Smith, AJ Sullivan, GW Vasileiou, V Walker, GP Williams, DA Yodh, GB AF Abdo, A. A. Allen, B. Aune, T. Berley, D. Blaufuss, E. Casanova, S. Chen, C. Dingus, B. L. Ellsworth, R. W. Fleysher, L. Fleysher, R. Gonzalez, M. M. Goodman, J. A. Hoffman, C. M. Huentemeyer, P. H. Kolterman, B. E. Lansdell, C. P. Linnemann, J. T. McEnery, J. E. Mincer, A. I. Nemethy, P. Noyes, D. Pretz, J. Ryan, J. M. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Shoup, A. Sinnis, G. Smith, A. J. Sullivan, G. W. Vasileiou, V. Walker, G. P. Williams, D. A. Yodh, G. B. TI Discovery of Localized Regions of Excess 10-TeV Cosmic Rays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPY AB The 7 year data set of the Milagro TeV observatory contains 2.2x10(11) events of which most are due to hadronic cosmic rays. These data are searched for evidence of intermediate scale structure. Excess emission on angular scales of similar to 10 degrees has been found in two localized regions of unknown origin with greater than 12 sigma significance. Both regions are inconsistent with pure gamma-ray emission with high confidence. One of the regions has a different energy spectrum than the isotropic cosmic-ray flux at a level of 4.6 sigma, and it is consistent with hard spectrum protons with an exponential cutoff, with the most significant excess at similar to 10 TeV. Potential causes of these excesses are explored, but no compelling explanations are found. C1 [Abdo, A. A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Allen, B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Aune, T.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Berley, D.; Blaufuss, E.; Goodman, J. A.; Noyes, D.; Smith, A. J.; Sullivan, G. W.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Casanova, S.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Chen, C.; Yodh, G. B.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Dingus, B. L.; Hoffman, C. M.; Huentemeyer, P. H.; Pretz, J.; Sinnis, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Ellsworth, R. W.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Fleysher, L.; Fleysher, R.; Kolterman, B. E.; Mincer, A. I.; Nemethy, P.] NYU, New York, NY USA. [Gonzalez, M. M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Lansdell, C. P.] Inst Def Analyses, Alexandria, VA USA. [Linnemann, J. T.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McEnery, J. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ryan, J. M.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Shoup, A.] Ohio State Univ, Lima, OH 45804 USA. [Walker, G. P.] Natl Secur Technol, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Casanova, Sabrina/J-8935-2013; OI Casanova, Sabrina/0000-0002-6144-9122; Mincer, Allen/0000-0002-6307-1418; Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450; Allen, Bruce/0000-0003-4285-6256 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0245234, -0302000, -0400424, -0504201, -0601080, ATM-0002744]; U. S. Department of Energy; Los Alamos National Laboratory; University of California; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics FX We gratefully acknowledge Scott Delay and Michael Schneider for their dedicated efforts in the construction and maintenance of the Milagro experiment. This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (under Grants PHY-0245234, -0302000, -0400424, -0504201, -0601080, and ATM-0002744), the U. S. Department of Energy (Office of High-Energy Physics and Office of Nuclear Physics), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the University of California, and the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics. NR 13 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 22 AR 221101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.221101 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 376WT UT WOS:000261214400009 PM 19113471 ER PT J AU Lonsdale, O Marshall, SA AF Lonsdale, Owen Marshall, Stephen A. TI Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Clusiidae; Alloclusia; Apiochaeta; synonymy; new species; revision; Chile; Argentina AB Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, the only genus of Clusiidae endemic to temperate South America, is revised with the description of 16 species from Chile and Argentina. The redefined Apiochaeta includes all former species of Apiochaeta and Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 syn. n., as well as four species described here as new: A. dacryodes sp. n., A. furcillata sp. n., A. lenticula sp. n. and A. mallochi sp. n. Apiochaeta aequalis Malloch, syn. n. is included as a junior synonym of Apiochaeta aterrima Malloch, Alloclusia varia var. claripennis Malloch, syn. n. is included as a junior synonym of Apiochaeta varia (Malloch), comb. nov., and Peratochaetus limbipennis Rondani syn. n. is treated as a junior synonym of Apiochaeta vitticollis (Blanchard), comb. nov. C1 [Lonsdale, Owen] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Marshall, Stephen A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Insect Systemat Lab, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Lonsdale, O (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM Neoxabea@hotmail.com; samarsha@uoguelph.ca NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 28 PY 2008 IS 1944 BP 1 EP 33 PG 33 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 380GL UT WOS:000261454100001 ER PT J AU Hickerson, MJ Meyer, CP AF Hickerson, Michael J. Meyer, Christopher P. TI Testing comparative phylogeographic models of marine vicariance and dispersal using a hierarchical Bayesian approach SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-GENETICS; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; DROSOPHILA-PSEUDOOBSCURA; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; DNA-SEQUENCES; EAST-INDIES; SPECIATION; EVOLUTION; DIVERGENCE AB Background: Marine allopatric speciation is an enigma because pelagic larval dispersal can potentially connect disjunct populations thereby preventing reproductive and morphological divergence. Here we present a new hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation model (HABC) that tests two hypotheses of marine allopatric speciation: 1.) "soft vicariance", where a speciation involves fragmentation of a large widespread ancestral species range that was previously connected by long distance gene flow; and 2.) peripatric colonization, where speciations in peripheral archipelagos emerge from sweepstakes colonizations from central source regions. The HABC approach analyzes all the phylogeographic datasets at once in order to make across taxon-pair inferences about biogeographic processes while explicitly allowing for uncertainty in the demographic differences within each taxon-pair. Our method uses comparative phylogeographic data that consists of single locus mtDNA sequences from multiple co-distributed taxa containing pairs of central and peripheral populations. We use the method on two comparative phylogeographic data sets consisting of cowrie gastropod endemics co-distributed in the Hawaiian (11 taxon-pairs) and Marquesan archipelagos (7 taxon-pairs). Results: Given the Marquesan data, we find strong evidence of simultaneous colonization across all seven cowrie gastropod endemics co-distributed in the Marquesas. In contrast, the lower sample sizes in the Hawaiian data lead to greater uncertainty associated with the Hawaiian estimates. Although, the hyper-parameter estimates point to soft vicariance in a subset of the 11 Hawaiian taxon-pairs, the hyper-prior and hyper-posterior are too similar to make a definitive conclusion. Both results are not inconsistent with what is known about the geologic history of the archipelagos. Simulations verify that our method can successfully distinguish these two histories across a wide range of conditions given sufficient sampling. Conclusion: Although soft vicariance and colonization are likely to produce similar genetic patterns when a single taxon-pair is used, our hierarchical Bayesian model can potentially detect if either history is a dominant process across co-distributed taxon-pairs. As comparative phylogeographic datasets grow to include > 100 co-distributed taxon-pairs, the HABC approach will be well suited to dissect temporal patterns in community assembly and evolution, thereby providing a bridge linking comparative phylogeography with community ecology. C1 [Hickerson, Michael J.] CUNY, Queens Coll, Dept Biol, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Meyer, Christopher P.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hickerson, MJ (reprint author), CUNY, Queens Coll, Dept Biol, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. EM michael.hickerson@qc.cuny.edu; meyerc@si.edu NR 94 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD NOV 27 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 322 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-8-322 PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 390RR UT WOS:000262181900001 PM 19038027 ER PT J AU Karmovskaya, ES Smith, DG AF Karmovskaya, Emma S. Smith, David G. TI Bathycongrus trimaculatus, a new congrid eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes) from the southwestern Pacific, with a redescription of Bathycongrus bleekeri Fowler SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Teleostei; Anguilliformes; taxonomy ID INDO-WEST PACIFIC AB Bathycongrus trimaculatus is described from 16 specimens collected from moderately deep water off the Solomon Islands, Fiji, and New Caledonia in the southwestern Pacific. It is distinguished from all other species by the presence of three conspicuous dark spots in the dorsal and anal fins; by having the vomerine teeth in an elongate patch with all the teeth about the same size and none of them greatly enlarged; by having fewer vertebrae; and by its small size. Bathycongrus bleekeri is redescribed, based on the unique holotype and two additional specimens, and compared to other species of the genus. C1 [Karmovskaya, Emma S.] Russian Acad Sci, Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Smith, David G.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Karmovskaya, ES (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Nakhimovskii Pr 36, Moscow 117218, Russia. EM ekarmovsk@ocean.ru; smithd@si.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 26 PY 2008 IS 1943 BP 26 EP 36 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 380GK UT WOS:000261454000002 ER PT J AU Seid, MA Scheffrahn, RH Niven, JE AF Seid, Marc A. Scheffrahn, Rudolf H. Niven, Jeremy E. TI The rapid mandible strike of a termite soldier SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ANT MYSTRIUM; MECHANICS; JUMP; JAWS; SNAP C1 [Seid, Marc A.; Niven, Jeremy E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Niven, Jeremy E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. RP Seid, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM jen22@cam.ac.uk RI Niven, Jeremy/A-5883-2011 NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD NOV 25 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 22 BP R1049 EP R1050 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.033 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 377IL UT WOS:000261244800010 PM 19036330 ER PT J AU Kitahara, MV Cairns, SD AF Kitahara, Marcelo V. Cairns, Stephen D. TI New records of the genus Crispatotrochus (Scleractinia; Caryophylliidae) from New Caledonia, with description of a new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Crispatotrochus septumdentatus; deep-sea; stony coral; Scleractinia; azooxanthellate ID AZOOXANTHELLATE SCLERACTINIA; CNIDARIA ANTHOZOA AB During the expeditions Bathus 4 and Norfolk 2 off New Caledonia, three species pertaining to the genus Crispatotrochus were collected: C. rubescens, C. rugosus, and C. septumdentatus sp. nov. This study presents the new records describing and illustrating all species. Also, citation synonyms, type locality, type material, and distribution are provided. A brief revision of the 13 valid Recent species belonging to this genus (plus C. sp. cf. C. cornu and C. sp. A) and an identification key are proposed. C1 [Kitahara, Marcelo V.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Cairns, Stephen D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Kitahara, Marcelo V.] James Cook Univ, Coral Genom Grp, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Kitahara, MV (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Mol Sci Bld,Douglas Campus, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM mvkitahara@yahoo.com.br; cairnss@si.edu RI Kitahara, Marcelo/D-5560-2011 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 24 PY 2008 IS 1940 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 375IO UT WOS:000261107600006 ER PT J AU Wernicke, B Davis, JL Niemi, NA Luffi, P Bisnath, S AF Wernicke, Brian Davis, James L. Niemi, Nathan A. Luffi, Peter Bisnath, Sunil TI Active megadetachment beneath the western United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Review ID SOUTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL-ENERGY; NORTH-AMERICAN LITHOSPHERE; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; CURRENT PLATE VELOCITIES; SEISMIC-REFLECTION DATA; UPPER-MANTLE STRUCTURE; CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE; GREAT-BASIN PROVINCE; VISCOUS SHEET MODEL AB Geodetic data, interpreted in light of seismic imaging, seismicity, xenolith studies, and the late Quaternary geologic history of the northern Great Basin, suggest that a subcontinental-scale extensional detachment is localized near the Moho. To first order, seismic yielding in the upper crust at any given latitude in this region occurs via an M7 earthquake every 100 years. Here we develop the hypothesis that since 1996, the region has undergone a cycle of strain accumulation and release similar to "slow slip events'' observed on subduction megathrusts, but yielding occurred on a subhorizontal surface 5-10 times larger in the slip direction, and at temperatures >800 degrees C. Net slip was variable, ranging from 5 to 10 mm over most of the region. Strain energy with moment magnitude equivalent to an M7 earthquake was released along this "megadetachment,'' primarily between 2000.0 and 2005.5. Slip initiated in late 1998 to mid-1999 in northeastern Nevada and is best expressed in late 2003 during a magma injection event at Moho depth beneath the Sierra Nevada, accompanied by more rapid eastward relative displacement across the entire region. The event ended in the east at 2004.0 and in the remainder of the network at about 2005.5. Strain energy thus appears to have been transmitted from the Cordilleran interior toward the plate boundary, from high gravitational potential to low, via yielding on the megadetachment. The size and kinematic function of the proposed structure, in light of various proxies for lithospheric thickness, imply that the subcrustal lithosphere beneath Nevada is a strong, thin plate, even though it resides in a high heat flow tectonic regime. A strong lowermost crust and upper mantle is consistent with patterns of postseismic relaxation in the southern Great Basin, deformation microstructures and low water content in dunite xenoliths in young lavas in central Nevada, and high-temperature microstructures in analog surface exposures of deformed lower crust. Large-scale decoupling between crust and upper mantle is consistent with the broad distribution of strain in the upper crust versus the more localized distribution in the subcrustal lithosphere, as inferred by such proxies as low P wave velocity and mafic magmatism. C1 [Wernicke, Brian] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Davis, James L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Niemi, Nathan A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Wernicke, B (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Sci 170-25,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM brian@gps.caltech.edu RI Niemi, Nathan/A-9996-2011; Luffi, Peter/C-1229-2013; Davis, James/D-8766-2013; OI Davis, James/0000-0003-3057-477X; Niemi, Nathan/0000-0002-3380-3024 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-04-53975]; DOE [DE-FC28-03RW12232]; Caltech Tectonics Observatory FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation grant EAR-04-53975, DOE cooperative agreement DE-FC28-03RW12232 ( Task 3), and the Caltech Tectonics Observatory. Geodetic sites were constructed with technical assistance from the University NAVSTAR Consortium (UNAVCO) facility. The time series for site KTBW were obtained from the PANGA Data Analysis Facility Web site (http://www.panga.cwu.edu/). he time series for site ACAP were obtained from K. Larson. We are grateful to S. Klemperer for prepublication copies of seismic imaging studies in the northern Great Basin and G. Dumond and M. Williams for permission to discuss unpublished data from the Snowbird tectonic zone. We thank Associate Editor W. Schellart and formal reviewers W. Hammomd, P. England, and S. Wesnousky for comments that substantially improved the presentation. We also thank S. Kidder and D. Anderson for comments on an early draft of the manuscript and M. Simons, M. Gurnis, J. Saleeby, and D. Helmberger for useful discussions. NR 168 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 21 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B11 AR B11409 DI 10.1029/2007JB005375 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 375XH UT WOS:000261146600001 ER PT J AU Kun, M Balog, Z Mizuno, N Kawamura, A Gaspar, A Kenyon, SJ Fukui, Y AF Kun, M. Balog, Z. Mizuno, N. Kawamura, A. Gaspar, A. Kenyon, S. J. Fukui, Y. TI Lynds 1622: a nearby star-forming cloud projected on Orion B? SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: formation; stars: pre-main-sequence; ISM: clouds; ISM: individual: L 1622 ID T-TAURI STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; LOW-MASS MEMBERS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; LATITUDE MOLECULAR CLOUDS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; ALPHA EMISSION STARS; DARK CLOUD; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; CO SURVEY AB We present results of optical spectroscopic and photometric observation of the pre-mainsequence stars associated with the cometary shaped dark cloud Lynds 1622, and (CO)-C-12 and (CO)-C-13 observations of the cloud. We determined the effective temperatures and luminosities of 14 premain-sequence stars associated with the cloud from their positions in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, as well as constructed their spectral energy distributions using optical, 2MASS and Spitzer IRAC and MIPS data. We derived physical parameters of L 1622 from the molecular observations. Our results are not compatible with the assumption that L 1622 lies on the near side of the Orion-Eridanus loop, but suggest that L 1622 is as distant as Orion B. At a distance of 400 pc the mass of the cloud, derived from our 12CO data, is 1100M circle dot, its star formation efficiency is similar to 1.8 per cent, and the average age of its low-mass pre-main-sequence star population is about 1 Myr. C1 [Kun, M.] Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Balog, Z.; Gaspar, A.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mizuno, N.; Kawamura, A.; Fukui, Y.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Astrophys, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. [Kenyon, S. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kun, M (reprint author), Konkoly Observ Budapest, POB 67, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. EM kun@konkoly.hu OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X FU European Community's Sixth Framework Programme [RII3-CT-001566]; Hungarian OTKA [T49082] FX Our results are partly based on observations obtained at the Centro Astronomico Hispano Aleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by the Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). Our observations were partly supported by the OPTICON project. OPTICON has received research funding from the European Community's Sixth Framework Programme under contract number RII3-CT-001566. We thank Calar Alto Observatory for allocation of director's discretionary time to this programme. This publication makes use of data products from the 2MASS, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This work makes use of observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. We thank John Bally for helpful discussions, and Bo Reipurth for communicating to us unpublished information. We also thank the referee, Matilde Fernandez, for her very constructive report which helped to improve this paper. Financial support from the Hungarian OTKA grant T49082 is acknowledged. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 1 BP 84 EP 94 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13898.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392JV UT WOS:000262299900008 ER PT J AU Roelofs, G Bassa, C Voss, R Nelemans, G AF Roelofs, Gijs Bassa, Cees Voss, Rasmus Nelemans, Gijs TI On the detection of the progenitor of the type Ia supernova 2007on SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; supernovae: general; white dwarfs; X-rays: binaries ID WHITE-DWARF MODELS; X-RAY SOURCES; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; BINARIES AB We present new Chandra X-ray observations and detailed astrometry of the field of the type Ia supernova 2007on, for which the detection of a likely progenitor in archival Chandra data was recently reported. No source is detected in the new Chandra images, taken six weeks after optical maximum. We calculate a 90-99 per cent probability that any X-ray source near the position of the supernova (SN) is fainter than in the pre-outburst images, depending on the choice of aperture, which supports the identification of the archival X-ray source with the SN. Detailed astrometry of the X-ray and new optical images, however, gives an offset between the SN and the measured X-ray source position of 1.15 +/- 0.27 arcsec. Extensive simulations show that the probability of finding an offset of this magnitude is similar to 1 per cent, equal to the (trial-corrected) probability of a chance alignment with any X-ray source in the field. This casts doubt on the identification of the X-ray source with the progenitor, although the scenario in which at least some of the observed X-rays are connected to the SN may be the least unlikely based on all available data. After a brief review of the auxiliary evidence, we conclude that only future X-ray observations can shed further light on the proposed connection between the X-ray source and the progenitor of SN 2007on, and thus whether an accreting white dwarf scenario is truly favoured for this SN Ia. C1 [Roelofs, Gijs] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bassa, Cees] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Voss, Rasmus] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Voss, Rasmus] Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Nelemans, Gijs] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Roelofs, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM groelofs@cfa.harvard.edu RI Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012 OI Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974 FU DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe'.; NWO Rubicon [680.50.0610]; ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Observatory [A-0516] FX GR is supported by NWO Rubicon grant 680.50.0610 to G. H. A. Roelofs. RV was supported by the DFG cluster of excellence ` Origin and Structure of the Universe'. GN is supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. We thank the director of the Chandra X-ray Observatory for allocating DDT, and the referee for suggesting to redo our analysis without the standard photon position randomization. This research has made use of data obtained from the Chandra Data Archive and software provided by the Chandra X- ray Center in the application package CIAO. Based on observations made with the NASA/ ESA HST, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. This paper is based on data obtained from the ESO Science Archive Facility and observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Observatory under programme 080. A-0516. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 1 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13887.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392JV UT WOS:000262299900025 ER PT J AU Pribulla, T Rucinski, S Matthews, JM Kallinger, T Kuschnig, R Rowe, JF Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Sasselov, D Walker, GAH Weiss, WW AF Pribulla, Theodor Rucinski, Slavek Matthews, Jaymie M. Kallinger, Thomas Kuschnig, Rainer Rowe, Jason F. Guenther, David B. Moffat, Anthony F. J. Sasselov, Dimitar Walker, Gordon A. H. Weiss, Werner W. TI MOST satellite photometry of stars in the M67 field: eclipsing binaries, blue stragglers and delta Scuti variables SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; binaries: eclipsing; stars: variables: other ID OPEN CLUSTER M67; CCD PHOTOMETRY; AH-CANCRI; MULTISITE CAMPAIGN; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; SYSTEMS; OSCILLATIONS; MEMBERSHIP; TRIPLE; SPACE AB We present two series of MOST (Microvariability and Oscillations of STars) space-based photometry, covering nearly continuously 10 d in 2004 and 30 d in 2007, of selected variable stars in the upper main sequence of the old open cluster M67. New high-precision light curves were obtained for the blue straggler binary/triple systems AH Cnc, ES Cnc and EV Cnc. The precision and phase coverage of ES Cnc and EV Cnc is by far superior to any previous observations. The light curve of ES Cnc is modelled in detail, assuming two dark photospheric spots and Roche geometry. An analysis of the light curve of AH Cnc indicates a low mass ratio (q similar to 0.13) and a high inclination angle for this system. Two new long-period eclipsing binaries, GSC 814-323 and HD 75638 (non-members of M67) were discovered. We also present ground-based DDO spectroscopy of ES Cnc and of the newly found eclipsing binaries. Especially interesting is HD 75638, a member of a visual binary, which must itself be a triple or a higher multiplicity system. New light curves of two delta Scuti pulsators, EX Cnc and EW Cnc, have been analysed leading to detection of 26 and eight pulsation frequencies of high temporal stability. C1 [Pribulla, Theodor; Rucinski, Slavek] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Pribulla, Theodor] Slovak Acad Sci, Astron Inst, Tatranska Lomnica 05960, Slovakia. [Matthews, Jaymie M.; Rowe, Jason F.; Walker, Gordon A. H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Kallinger, Thomas; Kuschnig, Rainer; Weiss, Werner W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Guenther, David B.] St Marys Univ, Inst Computat Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Moffat, Anthony F. J.] Univ Montreal, Observ Astron Mont Megant, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Sasselov, Dimitar] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pribulla, T (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. EM pribulla@ta3.sk; rucinski@astro.utoronto.ca OI Kallinger, Thomas/0000-0003-3627-2561 FU Canadian Space Agency Space Enhancement Programme; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; FQRNT (Quebec); Canadian Space Agency; Austrian Space Agency; Austrian Science Fund [P17580] FX This study has been funded by the Canadian Space Agency Space Enhancement Programme (SSEP) with TP holding a Post-Doctoral Fellowship position at the University of Toronto. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) supports the research of DBG, JMM, AFJM and SR. Additional support for AFJM comes from FQRNT (Quebec). RK is supported by the Canadian Space Agency and WWW is supported by the Austrian Space Agency and the Austrian Science Fund (P17580). This research has made use of the SIMBAD data base, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France and NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 1 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13889.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392JV UT WOS:000262299900029 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, M Loeb, A AF Dijkstra, Mark Loeb, Abraham TI Ly alpha-driven outflows around star-forming galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms: general; radiative transfer; ISM: bubbles; galaxies: high-redshift; cosmology: theory ID HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; STARBURST GALAXIES; POPULATION III; HII-REGIONS; H-I; IONIZING-RADIATION; EMISSION; REIONIZATION; UNIVERSE AB We present accurate Monte Carlo calculations of Ly alpha radiation pressure in a range of models which represent galaxies during various epochs of our Universe. We show that the radiation force that Ly alpha photons exert on hydrogen gas in the neutral intergalactic medium (IGM), that surrounds minihaloes that host the first stars, may exceed gravity by orders of magnitude and drive supersonic winds. Ly alpha radiation pressure may also dominate over gravity in the neutral IGM that surrounds the H II regions produced by the first galaxies. However, the radiation force is likely too weak to result in supersonic outflows in this case. Furthermore, we show that Lya radiation pressure may drive outflows in the interstellar medium of star-forming galaxies that reach hundreds of kilometres per second. This mechanism could also operate at lower redshifts z less than or similar to 6, and may have already been indirectly detected in the spectral line shape of observed Ly alpha emission lines. C1 [Dijkstra, Mark; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dijkstra, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mdijkstr@cfa.harvard.edu; aloeb@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA [NNX08AL43G]; FQXi; Harvard University funds FX This work is supported by in part by NASA grant NNX08AL43G, by FQXi and by Harvard University funds. We thank Christian Tapken and an anonymous referee for helpful constructive comments. NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 1 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13920.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 392JV UT WOS:000262299900040 ER PT J AU Gieles, M Bastian, N Ercolano, B AF Gieles, M. Bastian, N. Ercolano, B. TI Evolution of stellar structure in the Small Magellanic Cloud SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Magellanic Clouds; galaxies: star clusters; galaxies: structure AB The projected distribution of stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) from the Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey is analysed. Stars of different ages are selected via criteria based on V magnitude and V - I colour, and the degree of 'grouping' as a function of age is studied. We quantify the degree of structure using the two-point correlation function and a method based on the Minimum Spanning Tree and find that the overall structure of the SMC is evolving from a high degree of substructure at young ages (similar to 10 Myr) to a smooth radial density profile. This transition is gradual and at similar to 75 Myr the distribution is statistically indistinguishable from the background SMC distribution. This time-scale corresponds to approximately the dynamical crossing time of stars in the SMC. The spatial positions of the star clusters in the SMC show a similar evolution of spatial distribution with age. Our analysis suggests that stars form with a high degree of (fractal) substructure, probably imprinted by the turbulent nature of the gas from which they form, which is erased by random motions in the galactic potential on a time-scale of a galactic crossing time. C1 [Gieles, M.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. [Bastian, N.; Ercolano, B.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Bastian, N.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1CE 6BT, England. [Ercolano, B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gieles, M (reprint author), European So Observ, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile. EM mgieles@eso.org OI Gieles, Mark/0000-0002-9716-1868 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 1 BP L93 EP L97 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00563.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V11UU UT WOS:000207557300020 ER PT J AU Younger, JD Fazio, GG Wilner, DJ Ashby, MLN Blundell, R Gurwell, MA Huang, JS Iono, D Peck, AB Petitpas, GR Scott, KS Wilson, GW Yun, MS AF Younger, Joshua D. Fazio, Giovanni G. Wilner, David J. Ashby, Matthew L. N. Blundell, Raymond Gurwell, Mark A. Huang, Jia-Sheng Iono, Daisuke Peck, Alison B. Petitpas, Glen R. Scott, Kimberly S. Wilson, Grant. W. Yun, Min S. TI THE PHYSICAL SCALE OF THE FAR-INFRARED EMISSION IN THE MOST LUMINOUS SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: starburst ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; DEGREE EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEY; PHASE CALIBRATION SOURCES; EVOLUTION SURVEY COSMOS; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; MU-M OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MOLECULAR GAS; NUMBER COUNTS AB We present high-resolution submillimeter interferometric imaging of two of the brightest high-redshift submillimeter galaxies known: GN 20 and AzTEC1 at 0.8 '' and 0.3 '' resolution, respectively. Our data-the highest resolution submillimeter imaging of high-redshift sources accomplished to date-were collected in three different array configurations: compact, extended, and very extended. We derive angular sizes of 0.6 '' and 1.0 '' for GN 20 and 0.3 '' and 0.4 '' for AzTEC1 from modeling their visibility functions as a Gaussian and an elliptical disk, respectively. Because both sources are B-band dropouts, they likely lie within a relatively narrow redshift window around z similar to 4, which indicates their angular extent corresponds to physical scales of 4-8 and 1.5-3 kpc, respectively, for the star-burst region. By way of a series of simple assumptions, we find preliminary evidence that these hyperluminous starbursts-with star formation rates >1000 M-circle dot yr(-1)-are radiating at or close to their Eddington limit. Should future high-resolution observations indicate that these two objects are typical of a population of high-redshift Eddington-limited starbursts, this could have important consequences for models of star formation and feedback in extreme environments. C1 [Younger, Joshua D.; Fazio, Giovanni G.; Wilner, David J.; Ashby, Matthew L. N.; Blundell, Raymond; Gurwell, Mark A.; Huang, Jia-Sheng; Petitpas, Glen R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Iono, Daisuke] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Peck, Alison B.] Joint ALMA Off, Santiago 7550108, Chile. [Scott, Kimberly S.; Wilson, Grant. W.; Yun, Min S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Iono, Daisuke] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Natl Radio Observ, Minamisa Ku, Nagano 3841305, Japan. RP Younger, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jyounger@cfa.harvard.edu RI Blundell, Richard/C-1552-2008 OI Blundell, Richard/0000-0003-1588-2299 FU Smithsonian Institution; Academia Sinica; W. M. Keck Foundation FX Thanks to the anonymous referee for their helpful comments, and to T. J. Cox, Philip F. Hopkins, Lars Hernquist, Chris Hayward, Yeuxing Li, and Stephanie Bush for helpful discussions. We also thank the SMA operators, in particular Zach Gazak and Ryan Howie for their help executing these tracks in excellent conditions. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. This work is supported in part by a grant from the W. M. Keck Foundation. NR 89 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1086/591931 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 370NU UT WOS:000260769700007 ER PT J AU Haas, M Willner, SP Heymann, F Ashby, MLN Fazio, GG Wilkes, BJ Chini, R Siebenmorgen, R AF Haas, Martin Willner, S. P. Heymann, Frank Ashby, M. L. N. Fazio, G. G. Wilkes, Belinda J. Chini, Rolf Siebenmorgen, Ralf TI NEAR- AND MID-INFRARED PHOTOMETRY OF HIGH-REDSHIFT 3CR SOURCES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; infrared: galaxies; quasars: general ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; II RADIO GALAXIES; INFRARED PROPERTIES; UNIFIED SCHEMES; QUASARS; DUST; CONTINUUM; SPECTRA; EVOLUTION AB Using the Spitzer Space Telescope, we have obtained 3.6-24 mu m photometry of 38 radio galaxies and 24 quasars from the 3CR (Third Cambridge Revised Catalog of Radio Sources) at redshift 1 < z < 2.5. This 178 MHz selected sample is unbiased with respect to orientation and therefore suited to study orientation-dependent effects in the most powerful active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Quasar and radio galaxy subsamples matched in isotropic radio luminosity are compared. The quasars all have similar spectral energy distributions (SEDs), nearly constant in nu F-nu through the rest 1.6-10 mu m range, consistent with a centrally heated dust distribution that outshines the host galaxy contribution. The radio galaxy SEDs show larger dispersion, but the mean radio galaxy SED declines from rest 1.6 to 3 mu m and then rises from 3 to 8 mu m. The radio galaxies are on average a factor 3-10 less luminous in this spectral range than the quasars. These characteristics are consistent with composite emission from a heavily reddened AGN plus starlight from the host galaxy. The mid-infrared colors and radio to mid-infrared spectral slopes of individual galaxies are also consistent with this picture. Individual galaxies show different amounts of extinction and host galaxy starlight, consistent with the orientation-dependent unified scheme. C1 [Haas, Martin; Heymann, Frank; Chini, Rolf] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Astron Inst, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. [Willner, S. P.; Ashby, M. L. N.; Fazio, G. G.; Wilkes, Belinda J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Heymann, Frank; Siebenmorgen, Ralf] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Haas, M (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Astron Inst, Univ Str 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. EM haas@astro.rub.de OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 FU NASA; Nordrhein-Westfalische Akademie der Wissenschaften FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. M. H. is supported by the Nordrhein-Westfalische Akademie der Wissenschaften. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 1 BP 122 EP 127 DI 10.1086/592085 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 370NU UT WOS:000260769700013 ER PT J AU Young, M Elvis, M Risaliti, G AF Young, M. Elvis, M. Risaliti, G. TI THE REDDEST DR3 SDSS/XMM-NEWTON QUASARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; galaxies: active; quasars: general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ABSORPTION-LINE QUASARS; SOFT-X-RAY; EARLY DATA RELEASE; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; BLACK-HOLE MASSES; BIG BLUE BUMP; XMM-NEWTON AB We have cross-correlated the SDSS DR3 Schneider et al. (2005) quasar catalog with the XMM-Newton archive. Color and redshift selections (g - r >= 0.5 and 0.9 < z < 2.1) result in a sample of 17 red, moderate-redshift quasars. The redshift selection minimizes possible contamination due to host galaxy emission and Ly alpha forest absorption. Both optical and X-ray information is required to distinguish between the two likely remaining causes of the red colors: (1) dust reddening and (2) an intrinsically red continuum. We find that 7 of 17 quasars can be classified as probable "intrinsically red'' objects. These seven quasars have unusually broad Mg II emission lines (< FWHM > = 10,500 km s(-1)), moderately flat but unabsorbed X-ray spectra ( = 1.66 +/- 0.08), and low accretion rates (M/M-Edd similar to 0.01). We suggest low accretion rates as a possible physical explanation for quasars with intrinsically red optical continua. We find that 8 of 17 quasars can be classified as dust reddened. Three of these have upper limits on the absorption column from X-ray spectral fits of N-H = (3-13) x 10(22) cm(2), while the other five quasars must be absorbed by at least N-H = 10(23) cm(2) in order to be consistent with a comparably selected alpha(ox)-l(uv) distribution. Two objects in the sample are unclassified. C1 [Young, M.; Elvis, M.; Risaliti, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Young, M.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Risaliti, G.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Young, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM myoung@cfa.harvard.edu OI Risaliti, Guido/0000-0002-3556-977X FU NASA [NASA NNX07AI22G, NASA GO6-7102X] FX This research also made use of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work has been partially funded by NASA grants NASA NNX07AI22G and NASA GO6-7102X. NR 85 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 1 BP 128 EP 147 DI 10.1086/592083 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 370NU UT WOS:000260769700014 ER PT J AU Croston, JH Hardcastle, MJ Kharb, P Kraft, RP Hota, A AF Croston, J. H. Hardcastle, M. J. Kharb, P. Kraft, R. P. Hota, A. TI CHANDRA EVIDENCE FOR AGN FEEDBACK IN THE SPIRAL GALAXY NGC 6764 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; X-rays: galaxies ID X-RAY-EMISSION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HOT-GAS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; RADIO GALAXIES; H-ALPHA; STARBURST; NGC-6764; NGC-3079 AB We report the Chandra detection of X-ray emission spatially coincident with the kiloparsec-scale radio bubbles in the nearby (D-L similar to 31 Mpc) AGN-starburst galaxy NGC 6764. The X-ray emission originates in hot gas (kT similar to 0.75 keV), which may either be contained within the radio bubbles, or in a shell of hot gas surrounding them. We consider three models for the origin of the hot gas: (1) a starburst-driven galactic wind, (2) shocked gas associated with the expanding radio bubbles, and (3) gas heated and entrained into the bubbles by jet/ISM interactions in the inner AGN outflow. We rule out a galactic wind based on significant differences from known galactic wind systems. The tight correspondence between the brightest X-ray emission and the radio emission in the inner outflow from the Seyfert nucleus, as well as a correlation between X-ray and radio spectral features suggestive of shocks and particle acceleration, lead us to favor the third model; however, we cannot firmly rule out a model in which the bubbles are driving large-scale shocks into the galaxy ISM. In either AGN-driven heating scenario, the total energy stored in the hot gas is high, similar to 10(56) ergs, comparable to the energetic impact of low-power radio galaxies such as Centaurus A, and will have a dramatic impact on the galaxy and its surroundings. C1 [Croston, J. H.; Hardcastle, M. J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Kharb, P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kraft, R. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hota, A.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Croston, JH (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012 OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117 FU Royal Society; NASA [G08-9108X] FX We thank the referee for helpful comments. We gratefully acknowledge support from the Royal Society (research fellowship for M. J. H.). This work was partially supported by NASA grant G08-9108X. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 1 BP 190 EP 197 DI 10.1086/592268 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 370NU UT WOS:000260769700018 ER PT J AU Randall, S Nulsen, P Forman, WR Jones, C Machacek, M Murray, SS Maughan, B AF Randall, S. Nulsen, P. Forman, W. R. Jones, C. Machacek, M. Murray, S. S. Maughan, B. TI CHANDRA'S VIEW OF THE RAM PRESSURE STRIPPED GALAXY M86 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: individual (Virgo); galaxies: individual (M86, NGC 4406); magnetic fields; X-rays: galaxies ID VIRGO CLUSTER; XMM-NEWTON; VORONOI TESSELLATIONS; SPECTROSCOPIC DATA; STAR-FORMATION; GAS; SIMULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; NGC-4406; IMAGES AB We present results from a mosaic of nine Chandra observations of M86 and the surrounding field. We detect three main diffuse components: the Virgo intracluster medium (ICM), the extended halo of M86, and the cooler central and stripped gas of M86. The most striking feature is a long tail of emission, which consists of a plume similar to 4' north of M86 and two main extensions emanating from the plume. We conclude that it is formed by ram pressure stripping of M86 as it falls into the Virgo Cluster and interacts with the Virgo ICM, in agreement with earlier work. The tail is 150 kpc in projection, and a simple estimate gives a lower limit on the true length of the tail of 380 kpc, making this the longest ram pressure stripped tail currently known. The total gas mass in the plume (similar to 7 x 10(8) M-circle dot) and tail (similar to 1 x 10(9) M-circle dot) is about 3 times that in the core of M86, which supports the scenario where most of the gas was stripped rapidly and recently. The projected position of the plume can be understood if M86 has an aspherical potential. Ram pressure stripping from an aspherical potential can also explain the split "double tails'' seen in M86 and in other Virgo Cluster galaxies in the field. The large line-of-sight velocity of M86 (1550 km s(-1) with respect to M87), its position relative to the Virgo Cluster, and the orientation of the tail tightly constrain its orbital parameters. C1 [Randall, S.; Nulsen, P.; Forman, W. R.; Jones, C.; Machacek, M.; Murray, S. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Maughan, B.] Univ Bristol, Astrophys Grp, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RP Randall, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 FU NASA [NAS8-39073, NAS8-38248, NAS8-01130, NAS8-03060]; Chandra Science Center; Smithsonian Institution FX We would like to thank Eugene Churazov for useful discussions and the referee for helpful comments. The financial support for this work was provided by NASA contracts NAS8-39073, NAS8-38248, NAS8-01130, and NAS8-03060, the Chandra Science Center, and the Smithsonian Institution. NR 46 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 1 BP 208 EP 223 DI 10.1086/592324 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 370NU UT WOS:000260769700020 ER PT J AU Meidt, SE Rand, RJ Merrifield, MR Shetty, R Vogel, SN AF Meidt, Sharon E. Rand, Richard J. Merrifield, Michael R. Shetty, Rahul Vogel, Stuart N. TI RADIAL DEPENDENCE OF THE PATTERN SPEED OF M51 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; galaxies: spiral; galaxies: structure; methods: numerical ID TREMAINE-WEINBERG METHOD; N-BODY MODEL; SPIRAL STRUCTURE; BARRED GALAXIES; DISK GALAXIES; DENSITY-WAVE; STAR-FORMATION; GRAND DESIGN; H-ALPHA; KINEMATICS AB The grand-design spiral galaxy M51 has long been a crucial target for theories of spiral structure. Studies of this iconic spiral can address the question of whether strong spiral structure is transient (e. g., interaction-driven) or long-lasting. As a clue to the origin of the structure in M51, we investigate evidence for radial variation in the spiral pattern speed using the radial Tremaine-Weinberg (TWR) method. We implement the method on CO observations tracing the ISM-dominant molecular component. Results from the method's numerical implementation-combined with regularization, which smooths intrinsically noisy solutions-indicate two distinct patterns speeds inside 4 kpc at our derived major axis P.A. = 170 degrees, both ending at corotation and both significantly higher than the conventionally adopted global value. Inspection of the rotation curve suggests that the pattern speed interior to 2 kpc lacks an ILR, consistent with the leading structure seen in HST near-IR observations. We also find tentative evidence for a lower pattern speed between 4 and 5.3 kpc measured by extending the regularized zone. As with the original TW method, uncertainty in major axis position angle (P. A.) is the largest source of error in the calculation; in this study, where delta(P.A.) = +/- 5 degrees, a similar to 20% error is introduced to the parameters of the speeds at P.A. = 170 degrees. Accessory to this standard uncertainty, solutions with P.A. = 175 degrees (also admitted by the data) exhibit only one pattern speed inside 4 kpc, and we consider this circumstance under the semblance of a radially varying P.A. C1 [Meidt, Sharon E.; Rand, Richard J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Merrifield, Michael R.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Shetty, Rahul] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shetty, Rahul] Harvard Univ, Initiat Innovat Comp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vogel, Stuart N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Meidt, SE (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. OI Merrifield, Michael/0000-0002-4202-4727 FU NASA-funded New Mexico Space Grant Consortium Graduate Research Fellowship; National Science Foundation [AST 08-07032]; STFC Senior Fellowship FX S. E. M. acknowledges support from a NASA-funded New Mexico Space Grant Consortium Graduate Research Fellowship. We thank Heikki Salo for providing insight into some of the intricacies of the simulations in Salo & Laurikainen (2000b). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant AST 08-07032 to R. J. R. M. R. M. gratefully acknowledges the support of an STFC Senior Fellowship. NR 35 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 1 BP 224 EP 236 DI 10.1086/591516 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 370NU UT WOS:000260769700021 ER PT J AU Matthews, LD Uson, JM AF Matthews, L. D. Uson, Juan M. TI CORRUGATIONS IN THE DISK OF THE EDGE-ON SPIRAL GALAXY IC 2233 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (IC 2233); galaxies: spiral; galaxies: structure; instabilities; ISM: structure ID CARINA-SAGITTARIUS ARM; GALACTIC DISKS; SUPERTHIN GALAXIES; PARKER INSTABILITY; INTERSTELLAR GAS; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; STAR-FORMATION; GASEOUS DISK; WARPS; WAVES AB We recently reported the discovery of a regular corrugation pattern in the H I disk of the isolated, edge-on spiral galaxy IC 2233. Here we present measurements of the vertical structure of this galaxy at several additional wavelengths, ranging from the far-ultraviolet to the far-infrared. We find that undular patterns with amplitude less than or similar to 5 '' (less than or similar to 250 pc) are visible in a variety of Population I tracers in IC 2233, including the young to intermediate-age stars, the H II regions, and the dust. However, the vertical excursions become less pronounced in the older stellar populations traced by the mid-infrared light. This suggests that the process leading to the vertical displacements may be linked with the regulation of star formation in the galaxy. We have also identified a relationship between the locations of the density corrugations and small-amplitude (less than or similar to 5 km s(-1)) velocity undulations in the H I rotation curve. We are able to exclude several possible mechanisms for the origin of the observed corrugations, including tidal interaction from a companion, Parker instabilities, or a galactic bore. Global gravitational instabilities appear to be the most likely explanation, although local perturbations may also be important. C1 [Matthews, L. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Uson, Juan M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Matthews, LD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU JPL [1279242] FX We thank the referee for thoughtful comments that helped to improve this manuscript. A portion of this worked was based on observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope, operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under contract 1407 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Financial support for this work was provided to L. D. M. through JPL Contract 1279242. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) is a facility of the National Science Foundation, operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. The H I data presented here were obtained as part of the NRAO observing program AM649. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 1 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1086/592086 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 370NU UT WOS:000260769700022 ER PT J AU Walsh, SM Willman, B Sand, D Harris, J Seth, A Zaritsky, D Jerjen, H AF Walsh, S. M. Willman, B. Sand, D. Harris, J. Seth, A. Zaritsky, D. Jerjen, H. TI BOOTES II REBOOTED: AN MMT/MEGACAM STUDY OF AN ULTRAFAINT MILKY WAY SATELLITE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: dwarf; Local Group ID DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; STAR-CLUSTERS; DARK-MATTER; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; STELLAR POPULATION; URSA-MAJOR; FAINT; SYSTEM AB We present MMT/Megacam imaging in Sloan g and r of the extremely low luminosity Bootes II Milky Way companion. We use a bootstrap approach to perform robust measurements of, and to calculate uncertainties on, Bootes II's distance, luminosity, size, and morphology. Comparisons with theoretical isochrones and empirical globular cluster fiducials show that Bootes II's stellar population is old and metal-poor ([Fe/H] less than or similar to -2). Assuming a stellar population like that of M92, Bootes II is at a distance of 42 +/- 2 kpc, closer than the initial published estimate of 60 +/- 10 kpc. This distance revision, combined with a more robust measurement of Bootes II's structure with both a Plummer model and an exponential model, results in more compact inferred physical half-light sizes of r(h) similar or equal to 36 +/- 9 and 33 +/- 10 pc, respectively, and lower-limit inferred luminosities of M-V similar or equal to -2.4 +/- 0.7 and -2.2 +/- 0.7 mag, respectively. Our revised size and luminosity calculations move Bootes II into a region of size-luminosity space not previously known to be occupied by old stellar populations, but also occupied by the recently discovered Milky Way satellites Willman 1 and Segue 1. We show that the apparently distorted morphology of Bootes II is not statistically significant given the present data. We use a tidal argument to support a scenario in which Bootes II is a dwarf galaxy (dark matter-dominated) rather than a globular cluster (not dark matter-dominated), although our inferred uncertainty on the M/L for Bootes II is substantial. Moreover, we cannot rule out the possibility that Bootes II is a star cluster on the verge of disruption like Palomar 5. C1 [Walsh, S. M.; Jerjen, H.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Willman, B.; Seth, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sand, D.; Harris, J.; Zaritsky, D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Walsh, SM (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. EM swalsh@mso.anu.edu.au; beth.willman@gmail.com FU Australian Research Council Discovery Project [DP0451426] FX We thank the anonymous referee for improving this manuscript. We thank Bill Wyatt for maintaining a local copy of the SDSS data products at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Jay Strader shared his transformations of the Clem et al. (2008) isochrones used in this paper and provided helpful conversations. We thank Brian McLeod for providing guidance and troubleshooting during our observing runs, writing software that our reduction relied on, and advising our MegaCam reduction. We thank Matt Ashby for creating the MegaCam reduction manual and for advising our reduction. We thank Maureen Conroy for troubleshooting during our observing runs, helping to create weight maps, and performing a preliminary coaddition of our Bootes II images. Mike Alegria, John McAfee, and Ale Milone provided observational support during our observing runs. Observations reported here were obtained at the MMT Observatory, a joint facility of the Smithsonian Institution and the University of Arizona. S. W. acknowledges partial financial support from the Australian Research Council Discovery Project grant DP0451426. NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 1 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1086/592076 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 370NU UT WOS:000260769700023 ER PT J AU Tollerud, EJ Bullock, JS Strigari, LE Willman, B AF Tollerud, Erik J. Bullock, James S. Strigari, Louis E. Willman, Beth TI HUNDREDS OF MILKY WAY SATELLITES? LUMINOSITY BIAS IN THE SATELLITE LUMINOSITY FUNCTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: dwarf; galaxies: halos; Local Group; surveys ID DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; DARK-MATTER SUBSTRUCTURE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GALACTIC SATELLITES; LOCAL GROUP; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER; TUMULTUOUS LIVES; DISK GALAXIES AB We correct the observed Milky Way satellite luminosity function for luminosity bias using published completeness limits for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR5. Assuming that the spatial distribution of Milky Way satellites tracks the subhalos found in the Via Lactea Lambda CDM N-body simulation, we show that there should be between similar to 300 and similar to 600 satellites within 400 kpc of the Sun that are brighter than the faintest known dwarf galaxies and that there may be as many as similar to 1000, depending on assumptions. By taking into account completeness limits, we show that the radial distribution of known Milky Way dwarfs is consistent with our assumption that the full satellite population tracks that of subhalos. These results alleviate the primary worries associated with the so-called missing satellites problem in CDM. We show that future, deep wide-field surveys such as SkyMapper, the Dark Energy Survey (DES), PanSTARRS, and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will deliver a complete census of ultrafaint dwarf satellites out to the Milky Way virial radius, offer new limits on the free-streaming scale of dark matter, and provide unprecedented constraints on the low-luminosity threshold of galaxy formation. C1 [Tollerud, Erik J.; Bullock, James S.; Strigari, Louis E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Willman, Beth] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tollerud, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Bullock, James/K-1928-2015; OI Bullock, James/0000-0003-4298-5082; Strigari, Louis/0000-0001-5672-6079 FU Center for Cosmology at UC Irvine FX We wish to acknowledge the creators of the Via Lactea Simulation and the public data release thereof (http://www.ucolick.org/similar to diemand/vl/data.html). We thank Manoj Kaplinghat, Betsy Barton, Anatoly Klypin, Jurg Diemand, Piero Madau, Ben Moore, Andrew Zentner, Nicolas Martin, and Alan McConnachie for helpful conversations and suggestions, as well as Brant Robertson for conversations and bringing the RCS-2 survey to our attention. We would also like to thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the Center for Cosmology at UC Irvine. NR 72 TC 207 Z9 209 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 1 BP 277 EP 289 DI 10.1086/592102 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 370NU UT WOS:000260769700025 ER PT J AU Ercolano, B Drake, JJ Raymond, JC Clarke, CC AF Ercolano, Barbara Drake, Jeremy J. Raymond, John C. Clarke, Cathie C. TI X-RAY-IRRADIATED PROTOPLANETARY DISK ATMOSPHERES. I. PREDICTED EMISSION-LINE SPECTRUM AND PHOTOEVAPORATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; infrared: stars; planetary systems: protoplanetary disks; stars: formation; stars: pre-main-sequence; X-rays: stars ID T-TAURI STARS; NE-II EMISSION; ACCRETION DISKS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; YOUNG STARS; MASSIVE STARS; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; SPACE-TELESCOPE; ORION NEBULA AB We present mocassin two-dimensional photoionization and dust radiative transfer models of a prototypical T Tauri disk irradiated by X-rays from the young pre-main-sequence star. The calculations demonstrate a layer of hot gas reaching temperatures of similar to 10(6) K at small radii and similar to 10(4) K at a distance of 1 AU. The gas temperatures decrease sharply with depth, but appear to be completely decoupled from dust temperatures down to a column depth of similar to 5 x 10(21) cm(-2). We predict that several fine-structure and forbidden lines of heavy elements, as well as recombination lines of hydrogen and helium, should be observable with current and future instrumentation, although optical lines may be smothered by the stellar spectrum. Predicted line luminosities are given for the brightest collisionally excited lines (down to similar to 10(-8) L-circle dot) and for recombination transitions from several levels of H I and He I. The mass-loss rate due to X-ray photoevaporation estimated from our models is of the order of 10(-8) M-circle dot yr(-1), implying a dispersal timescale of a few Myr for a disk of mass 0.027 M-circle dot, which is the mass of the disk structure model we employed. We discuss the limitations of our model and highlight the need for further calculations that should include the simultaneous solution of the two-dimensional radiative transfer problem and the one-dimensional hydrostatic equilibrium problem in the polar direction. C1 [Ercolano, Barbara; Clarke, Cathie C.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Ercolano, Barbara; Drake, Jeremy J.; Raymond, John C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ercolano, B (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. FU Chandra X-Ray Center NASA [NAS8-39073]; HEFCE; STFC; [GO6-7008X]; [GO6-7009X] FX We extend our warmest thanks to Al Glassgold, for insightful discussion and a thorough assessment of our results. We also thank the anonymous referee and the editor Eric Feigelson for helpful comments that added to the clarity of the paper and the interpretation of the results. We thank Paola D'Alessio for providing us with the electronic data for the gas density distribution in the disk. We also thank Bruce Draine for help with the X-ray dust opacity calculations. We finally extend our thanks to Roger Wesson for helpful discussion. J.J.D. was supported by the Chandra X-Ray Center NASA contract NAS8-39073 during the course of this research. B. E. was partially supported by Chandra grants GO6-7008X and GO6-7009X. The simulations were partially run on the Cosmos (SGI altix 4700) supercomputer at DAMTP in Cambridge. Cosmos is a UK-CCC facility, which is supported by HEFCE and STFC. NR 81 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 1 BP 398 EP 407 DI 10.1086/590490 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 370NU UT WOS:000260769700033 ER PT J AU Currie, T Plavchan, P Kenyon, SJ AF Currie, Thayne Plavchan, Peter Kenyon, Scott J. TI A SPITZER STUDY OF DEBRIS DISKS IN THE YOUNG NEARBY CLUSTER NGC 2232: ICY PLANETS ARE COMMON AROUND similar to 1.5-3 M-circle dot STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; open clusters and associations: individual (NGC 2232); planetary systems: formation; planetary systems: protoplanetary disks; stars: pre-main-sequence ID LOW-MASS STARS; T-TAURI STARS; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; ORION NEBULA CLUSTER; SUN-LIKE STARS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MAIN-SEQUENCE; MIPS OBSERVATIONS; STELLAR ROTATION AB We describe Spitzer IRAC and MIPS observations of the nearby 25 Myr old open cluster NGC 2232. Combining these data with ROSAT All-Sky Survey observations, proper motions, and optical photometry/spectroscopy, we construct a list of highly probable cluster members. We identify one A-type star, HD 45435, that has definite excess emission at 4.5-24 mu m indicative of debris from terrestrial planet formation. We also identify 2-4 late-type stars with possible 8 mu m excesses and 8 early-type stars with definite 24 mu m excesses. Constraints on the dust luminosity and temperature suggest that the detected excesses are produced by debris disks. From our sample of B andA stars, stellar rotation appears to be correlated with 24 mu m excess, a result that would be expected if massive primordial disks evolve into massive debris disks. To explore the evolution of the frequency and magnitude of debris around A-type stars, we combine our results with data for other young clusters. The frequency of debris disks around A-type stars appears to increase from similar to 25% at 5 Myr to similar to 50%-60% at 20-25 Myr. Older A-type stars have smaller debris disk frequencies: similar to 20% at 50-100 Myr. For these ages, the typical level of debris emission increases from 5 to 20 Myr and then declines. Because 24 mu m dust emission probes icy planet formation around A- type stars, our results suggest that the frequency of icy planet formation is eta(i) greater than or similar to 0.5-0.6. Thus, most A-type stars (approximate to 1.5-3 M-circle dot) produce icy planets. C1 [Currie, Thayne; Kenyon, Scott J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Plavchan, Peter] CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Currie, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. EM skenyon@cfa.harvard.edu; plavchan@ipac.caltech.edu; skenyon@cfa.harvard.edu FU Spitzer GO [1320379]; NASA Astrophysics Theory [NAG5-13278]; NASA [NNG06GH25G] FX We thank the anonymous referee for a thorough review and helpful suggestions that improved the quality of this paper. We also thank Nancy Remage Evans for advice on ROSAT archival data and Jesus Hernandez for use of the SPTCLASS spectral-typing code. Finally, we thank Ken Rines for taking a spectrum of ID 18012 on short notice. This work is supported by Spitzer GO grant 1320379, NASA Astrophysics Theory grant NAG5-13278, and NASA grant NNG06GH25G. This paper makes use of the WEBDA open cluster database. NR 87 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 1 BP 597 EP 615 DI 10.1086/591842 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 370NU UT WOS:000260769700048 ER PT J AU Shcherbakov, RV AF Shcherbakov, Roman V. TI PROPAGATION EFFECTS IN MAGNETIZED TRANSRELATIVISTIC PLASMAS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; polarization; radiative transfer ID RESPONSE TENSOR; ACCRETION FLOWS; THERMAL PLASMA; SAGITTARIUS-A; POLARIZATION; DISPERSION; RADIATION; EMISSION; ASTERISK; JETS AB The transfer of polarized radiation in magnetized and nonmagnetized relativistic plasmas is an area of research with numerous flaws and gaps. The present paper is aimed at filling some gaps and eliminating the flaws. Starting from a Trubnikov's linear response tensor for a vacuum wave with vertical bar k vertical bar = omega/c in thermal plasma, the analytic expression for the dielectric tensor is found in the limit of high frequencies. The Faraday rotation and Faraday conversion measures are computed in their first orders in the ratio of the cyclotron frequency Omega(0) to the observed frequency omega. The computed temperature dependencies of propagation effects bridge the known nonrelativistic and ultrarelativistic limiting formulae. The fitting expressions are found for high temperatures, where the higher orders in omega/c cannot be neglected. The plasma eigenmodes are found to become linearly polarized at much larger temperatures than thought before. The results are applied to the diagnostics of the hot interstellar medium, hot accretion flows, and jets. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shcherbakov, RV (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rshcherbakov@cfa.harvard.edu NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 1 BP 695 EP 700 DI 10.1086/592326 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 370NU UT WOS:000260769700056 ER PT J AU Fazal, FM Sridharan, TK Qiu, K Robitaille, T Whitney, B Zhang, Q AF Fazal, F. M. Sridharan, T. K. Qiu, K. Robitaille, T. Whitney, B. Zhang, Q. TI SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS OF HIGH-MASS PROTOSTELLAR OBJECTS: EVIDENCE OF HIGH ACCRETION RATES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE infrared: stars; methods: data analysis; stars: evolution; stars: formation; radiative transfer ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; 2-DIMENSIONAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; STAR-FORMATION; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; CANDIDATES; EMISSION; COLLAPSE; INFALL; CORES; ENVELOPES AB The spectral energy distributions (SEDs), spanning the mid-infrared to millimeter wavelengths, of a sample of 13 high-mass protostellar objects (HMPOs) were studied using a large archive of 2D axisymmetric radiative transfer models. Measurements from the Spitzer GLIMPSE and MIPSGAL surveys and the MSX survey were used in addition to our own surveys at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths to construct the SEDs, which were then fit to the archive of models. These models assumed that stars of all masses form via accretion and allowed us to make estimates for the masses, luminosities, and envelope accretion rates for the HMPOs. The models fit the observed SEDs well. The implied envelope accretion rates are high, approximate to 10(-2.5) M(circle dot) yr(-1), consistent with the accretion-based scenario of massive star formation. With the fitted accretion rates and with mass estimates of up to similar to 20 M(circle dot) for these objects, it appears plausible that stars with stellar masses M(*) > 20 M(circle dot) can form via accretion. C1 [Fazal, F. M.; Sridharan, T. K.; Qiu, K.; Zhang, Q.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fazal, F. M.] Amherst Coll, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Qiu, K.] Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Robitaille, T.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Whitney, B.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Sridharan, TK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ffaza108@amherst.edu; tksridha@cfa.harvard.edu; kqiu@cfa.harvard.edu; tr9@st-andrews.ac.uk; bwhitney@spacescience.org; qzhang@cfa.harvard.edu OI Robitaille, Thomas/0000-0002-8642-1329; Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 FU NSF [0243915]; REU Summer Intern Program at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; NASA's ADS Bibliographic Services; SIMBAD; NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive FX F. M. F. thanks the organizers of the NSF-funded (award 0243915) REU Summer Intern Program at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. This work used NASA's ADS Bibliographic Services, the SIMBAD database, and the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive. Comments from an anonymous refree are gratefully acknowledged, in particular on Figure 1. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 1 BP L41 EP L44 DI 10.1086/593975 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398LD UT WOS:000262732700011 ER PT J AU Wesson, R Barlow, MJ Corradi, RLM Drew, JE Groot, PJ Knigge, C Steeghs, D Gaensicke, BT Napiwotzki, R Rodriguez-Gil, P Zijlstra, AA Bode, MF Drake, JJ Frew, DJ Gonzalez-Solares, EA Greimel, R Irwin, MJ Morales-Rueda, L Nelemans, G Parker, QA Sale, SE Sokoloski, JL Somero, A Uthas, H Walton, NA Warner, B Watson, CA Wright, NJ AF Wesson, R. Barlow, M. J. Corradi, R. L. M. Drew, J. E. Groot, P. J. Knigge, C. Steeghs, D. Gaensicke, B. T. Napiwotzki, R. Rodriguez-Gil, P. Zijlstra, A. A. Bode, M. F. Drake, J. J. Frew, D. J. Gonzalez-Solares, E. A. Greimel, R. Irwin, M. J. Morales-Rueda, L. Nelemans, G. Parker, Q. A. Sale, S. E. Sokoloski, J. L. Somero, A. Uthas, H. Walton, N. A. Warner, B. Watson, C. A. Wright, N. J. TI A PLANETARY NEBULA AROUND NOVA V458 VULPECULAE UNDERGOING FLASH IONIZATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ISM: abundances; novae, cataclysmic variables ID GIANT BRANCH EVOLUTION; GK-PERSEI; CLASSICAL NOVAE; STARS; MODELS; EMISSION; MAXIMUM; MASSES; RATIO AB Nova V458 Vul erupted on 2007 August 8 and reached a visual magnitude of 8.1 a few days later. Ha images obtained 6 weeks before the outburst as part of the IPHAS Galactic plane survey reveal an 18th magnitude progenitor surrounded by an extended nebula. Subsequent images and spectroscopy of the nebula reveal an inner nebular knot increasing rapidly in brightness due to flash ionization by the nova event. We derive a distance of 13 kpc based on light travel time considerations, which is supported by two other distance estimation methods. The nebula has an ionized mass of 0.2 M(circle dot) and a low expansion velocity: this rules it out as ejecta from a, previous nova eruption, and is consistent with it being a similar to 14,000 year old planetary nebula, probably the product of a prior common envelope (CE) phase of evolution of the binary system. The large derived distance means that the mass of the erupting WD component of the binary is high. We identify two possible evolutionary scenarios, in at least one of which the system is massive enough to produce a Type Ia supernova upon merging. C1 [Wesson, R.; Barlow, M. J.; Wright, N. J.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Corradi, R. L. M.; Rodriguez-Gil, P.] Issac Newton Grp, Santa Cruz de La Palma 38700, Spain. [Corradi, R. L. M.; Rodriguez-Gil, P.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain. [Drew, J. E.; Napiwotzki, R.] Univ Hertfordshire, STRI, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Groot, P. J.; Morales-Rueda, L.; Nelemans, G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Knigge, C.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Steeghs, D.; Gaensicke, B. T.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Zijlstra, A. A.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys, Jordell Bank, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Bode, M. F.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. [Steeghs, D.; Drake, J. J.; Wright, N. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Frew, D. J.; Parker, Q. A.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Gonzalez-Solares, E. A.; Irwin, M. J.; Walton, N. A.] Inst Astron, CASU, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Greimel, R.] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Sale, S. E.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Sokoloski, J. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Somero, A.; Uthas, H.] Nord Opt Telescope, Santa Cruz de La Palma 38700, Spain. [Somero, A.] Univ Helsinki Observ, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Warner, B.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Astron, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Watson, C. A.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. RP Wesson, R (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. RI Sale, Stuart/E-1815-2010; Barlow, Michael/A-5638-2009; Gaensicke, Boris/A-9421-2012; Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016; Rodriguez-Gil, Pablo/H-7709-2015; OI Drew, Janet/0000-0003-1192-7082; Barlow, Michael/0000-0002-3875-1171; Gaensicke, Boris/0000-0002-2761-3005; Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X; Rodriguez-Gil, Pablo/0000-0002-4717-5102; Somero, Auni/0000-0001-6566-9192; Frew, David/0000-0002-3108-5284 FU INT Photometric Ha Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane (IPHAS); Isaac Newton Telescope at La Palma Observatory; IPHAS; Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit; Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge; STFC FX This Letter makes use of data obtained as part of the INT Photometric Ha Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane (IPHAS), carried out by the Isaac Newton Telescope at La Palma Observatory. All IPHAS data are processed by the Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit, at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge. D. S. acknowledges an STFC Advanced Fellowship. NR 33 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 688 IS 1 BP L21 EP L24 DI 10.1086/594366 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398LD UT WOS:000262732700006 ER PT J AU Zimbelman, JR Garry, WB Johnston, AK Williams, SH AF Zimbelman, James R. Garry, W. Brent Johnston, Andrew K. Williams, Steven H. TI Emplacement of the 1907 Mauna Loa basalt flow as derived from precision topography and satellite imaging SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mauna Loa; Hawaii; DGPS; topography; flow emplacement ID VOLCANO; ETNA AB An eruption in January of 1907, from the southwest rift zone of Mauna Loa, produced a substantial lava flow field. Satellite images and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) survey data, along with observations and photographs from the field, are combined to provide a new perspective on the 1907 eruption. Boundaries of the flow field from the satellite data, combined with Held measurements of flow thickness, indicate an area of 25.1 km(2) and a volume of 86.6 million m(3). The eastern lobe of the flow field covers an area of 13.1 km(2), with a volume of 55.0 million m(3), and was emplaced with an average effusion rate of 119 m(3)/s (at least, for the upper portion of the lobe). Ten DGPS topographic profiles across the eastern lobe aid in distinguishing the characteristics of, and transitions between, the zones identified during the emplacement of the 1984 Mauna Loa flow. Several subdivisions have been built directly on top of or adjacent to the 1907 lava flow. The strong likelihood of future eruptions from the Mauna Loa southwest rift zone makes these housing developments of particular importance for assessments of potential volcanic hazards. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zimbelman, James R.; Garry, W. Brent; Johnston, Andrew K.; Williams, Steven H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Zimbelman, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM zimbelmanj@si.edu RI Garry, Brent/I-5920-2013 FU NASA [NNG04GJ21G]; Don and Martie Nitsche provided food, fellowship FX Support for this work was provided by grant NNG04GJ21G from the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program of NASA. Don and Martie Nitsche provided food, fellowship, and a great place to stay at the Bougainvilla B&B in Ocean View, Hawaii. Three of the four authors benefited greatly from learning volcanology under Mike Sheridan at both Arizona State University and the University at Buffalo. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV 20 PY 2008 VL 177 IS 4 BP 837 EP 847 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.042 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 384GH UT WOS:000261732800009 ER PT J AU Wang, SH Pickett, HM Pongetti, TJ Cheung, R Yung, YL Shim, C Li, QB Canty, T Salawitch, RJ Jucks, KW Drouin, B Sander, SP AF Wang, Shuhui Pickett, Herbert M. Pongetti, Thomas J. Cheung, Ross Yung, Yuk L. Shim, Changsub Li, Qinbin Canty, Timothy Salawitch, Ross J. Jucks, Kenneth W. Drouin, Brian Sander, Stanley P. TI Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder OH measurements with Fourier Transform Ultra-Violet Spectrometer total OH column measurements at Table Mountain, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LEAST-SQUARES FITS; MODEL DESCRIPTION; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; EOS MLS; SATELLITE; ABUNDANCE; RADICALS; NITROGEN; STRATOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY AB The first seasonal and interannual validation of OH measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) has been conducted using ground-based OH column measurements from the Fourier Transform Ultra-Violet Spectrometer (FTUVS) over the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Table Mountain Facility (TMF) during 2004-2007. To compare with FTUVS total column measurements, MLS OH vertical profiles over TMF are integrated to obtain partial OH columns above 21.5 hPa, which covers nearly 90% of the total column. The tropospheric OH and the lower stratopheric OH not measured by MLS are estimated using GEOS (Goddard Earth Observing System)-Chem and a Harvard 2-D model implemented within GEOS-Chem, respectively. A number of field observations and calculations from a photochemical box model are compared to OH profiles from these models to estimate the variability in the lower atmospheric OH and thus the uncertainty in the combined total OH columns from MLS and models. In general, the combined total OH columns agree extremely well with TMF total OH columns, especially during seasons with high OH. In winter with low OH, the combined columns are often higher than TMF measurements. A slightly weaker seasonal variation is observed by MLS relative to TMF. OH columns from TMF and the combined total columns from MLS and models are highly correlated, resulting in a mean slope of 0.969 with a statistically insignificant intercept. This study therefore suggests that column abundances derived from MLS vertical profiles have been validated to within the mutual systematic uncertainties of the MLS and FTUVS measurements. C1 [Wang, Shuhui; Pickett, Herbert M.; Pongetti, Thomas J.; Shim, Changsub; Li, Qinbin; Drouin, Brian; Sander, Stanley P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Canty, Timothy; Salawitch, Ross J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cheung, Ross; Yung, Yuk L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jucks, Kenneth W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Salawitch, Ross J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wang, SH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM shuhui.wang@jpl.nasa.gov RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Canty, Timothy/F-2631-2010; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Canty, Timothy/0000-0003-0618-056X; FU NASA FX We acknowledge the support of the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research, Aura Validation, Solar Occultation Satellite Science, and Tropospheric Chemistry Programs, the NASA Undergraduate Student Research Program (USRP) and the Caltech Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program. We also wish to thank King Fai Li and Run-Lie Shia (Caltech) for helpful discussions. Alyn Lambert (JPL) is kindly acknowledged for helping with the orthogonal linear fit. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, is under contract to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 19 PY 2008 VL 113 AR D22301 DI 10.1029/2008JD009883 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 375WM UT WOS:000261144500001 ER PT J AU Grant, JA Wilson, SA Cohen, BA Golombek, MP Geissler, PE Sullivan, RJ Kirk, RL Parker, TJ AF Grant, John A. Wilson, Sharon A. Cohen, Barbara A. Golombek, Matthew P. Geissler, Paul E. Sullivan, Robert J. Kirk, Randolph L. Parker, Timothy J. TI Degradation of Victoria crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT CRATERS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; EJECTA EMPLACEMENT; LANDING SITE; DEPOSITS; SOILS AB The similar to 750 m diameter and similar to 75 m deep Victoria crater in Meridiani Planum, Mars, is a degraded primary impact structure retaining a similar to 5 m raised rim consisting of 1-2 m of uplifted rocks overlain by similar to 3 m of ejecta at the rim crest. The rim is 120-220 m wide and is surrounded by a dark annulus reaching an average of 590 m beyond the raised rim. Comparison between observed morphology and that expected for pristine craters 500-750 m across indicates that the original, pristine crater was close to 600 m in diameter. Hence, the crater has been erosionally widened by similar to 150 m and infilled by similar to 50 m of sediments. Eolian processes are responsible for most crater modification, but lesser mass wasting or gully activity contributions cannot be ruled out. Erosion by prevailing winds is most significant along the exposed rim and upper walls and accounts for similar to 50 m widening across a WNW-ESE diameter. The volume of material eroded from the crater walls and rim is similar to 20% less than the volume of sediments partially filling the crater, indicating eolian infilling from sources outside the crater over time. The annulus formed when similar to 1 m deflation of the ejecta created a lag of more resistant hematite spherules that trapped < 10-20 cm of darker, regional basaltic sands. Greater relief along the rim enabled meters of erosion. Comparison between Victoria and regional craters leads to definition of a crater degradation sequence dominated by eolian erosion and infilling over time. C1 [Grant, John A.; Wilson, Sharon A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Cohen, Barbara A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Golombek, Matthew P.; Parker, Timothy J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Geissler, Paul E.; Kirk, Randolph L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Sullivan, Robert J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Grant, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM grantj@si.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors heartily thank the MER project for their expertise in the design and operation of such capable rovers. Constructive reviews by Jim Rice and Brad Thomson helped to improve the paper. The work described herein was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 18 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E11 AR E11010 DI 10.1029/2008JE003155 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 375XE UT WOS:000261146300001 ER PT J AU Kaspari, M Yanoviak, SP Dudley, R AF Kaspari, Michael Yanoviak, Stephen P. Dudley, Robert TI On the biogeography of salt limitation: A study of ant communities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ants; biogeochemistry; geography; limitation; sodium ID SPECIES RICHNESS; SODIUM DYNAMICS; MINERAL LICK; RAIN-FOREST; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; SCALE; POPULATION; ADAPTATION; BEHAVIOR AB Sodium is an essential nutrient whose deposition in rainfall decreases with distance inland. The herbivores and microbial decomposers that feed on sodium-poor vegetation should be particularly constrained along gradients of decreasing sodium. We studied the use of sucrose and NaCl baits in 17 New World ant communities located 4-2757 km inland. Sodium use was higher in genera and subfamilies characterized as omnivores/herbivores compared with those classified as carnivores and was lower in communities embedded in forest litter than in those embedded in abundant vegetation. Sodium use was increased in ant communities further inland, as was preference for the baits with the highest sodium concentration. Sucrose use, a measure of ant activity, peaked in communities 10-100 km inland. We suggest that the geography of ant activity is shaped by sodium toxicity near the shore and by sodium deficit farther inland. Given the importance of ants in terrestrial ecosystems, changing patterns of rainfall with global change may ramify through inland food webs. C1 [Kaspari, Michael] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Grad Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kaspari, Michael; Dudley, Robert] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Yanoviak, Stephen P.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Dudley, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kaspari, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Grad Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM mkaspari@ou.edu OI Kaspari, Michael/0000-0002-9717-5768 NR 36 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 10 U2 45 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 18 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 46 BP 17848 EP 17851 DI 10.1073/pnas.0804528105 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 377BB UT WOS:000261225600051 PM 19004798 ER PT J AU Eggert, LS Terwilliger, LA Woodworth, BL Hart, PJ Palmer, D Fleischer, RC AF Eggert, Lori S. Terwilliger, Lauren A. Woodworth, Bethany L. Hart, Patrick J. Palmer, Danielle Fleischer, Robert C. TI Genetic structure along an elevational gradient in Hawaiian honeycreepers reveals contrasting evolutionary responses to avian malaria SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HIMATIONE-SANGUINEA; VESTIARIA-COCCINEA; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; AMAKIHI; BIRDS; PATHOGENICITY; SOFTWARE AB Background: The Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidinae) are one of the best-known examples of an adaptive radiation, but their persistence today is threatened by the introduction of exotic pathogens and their vector, the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Historically, species such as the amakihi (Hemignathus virens), the apapane (Himatione sanguinea), and the iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) were found from the coastal lowlands to the high elevation forests, but by the late 1800's they had become extremely rare in habitats below 900 m. Recently, however, populations of amakihi and apapane have been observed in low elevation habitats. We used twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci to investigate patterns of genetic structure, and to infer responses of these species to introduced avian malaria along an elevational gradient on the eastern flanks of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes on the island of Hawaii. Results: Our results indicate that amakihi have genetically distinct, spatially structured populations that correspond with altitude. We detected very few apapane and no iiwi in low-elevation habitats, and genetic results reveal only minimal differentiation between populations at different altitudes in either of these species. Conclusion: Our results suggest that amakihi populations in low elevation habitats have not been recolonized by individuals from mid or high elevation refuges. After generations of strong selection for pathogen resistance, these populations have rebounded and amakihi have become common in regions in which they were previously rare or absent. C1 [Eggert, Lori S.; Terwilliger, Lauren A.; Palmer, Danielle; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Eggert, Lori S.; Terwilliger, Lauren A.; Palmer, Danielle; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Eggert, Lori S.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hart, Patrick J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Eggert, LS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM eggertl@missouri.edu; lterwilliger@gmail.com; bethany_woodworth@usgs.gov; pjhart@hawaii.edu; palmero23@wildmail.com; fleischerr@si.edu FU NSF [0083944] FX We thank E. Tweed, C. Henneman, C. Spiegel, J. LeBrun and numerous other biologists and interns for assistance in the field, and C. McIntosh and J. Beadell for facilitation of labwork. Land access was provided by Kamehameha Schools, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and the Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife. This research was part of the Biocomplexity of Introduced Avian Diseases Project, funded by NSF grant 0083944 to D. Duffy, C. Atkinson, M. Samuel, S. Jarvi and R. Fleischer. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 30 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD NOV 14 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 315 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-8-315 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 390RN UT WOS:000262181500001 PM 19014596 ER PT J AU McCarthy, MC Tamassia, F Woon, DE Thaddeus, P AF McCarthy, M. C. Tamassia, F. Woon, D. E. Thaddeus, P. TI A laboratory and theoretical study of silicon hydroxide SiOH SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bond angles; bond lengths; ground states; hyperfine structure; microwave spectra; molecular moments; rotational states; silicon compounds; vibrational states ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; SILAFORMYL RADICAL HSIO; GROUND ELECTRONIC-STATE; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ISOMER; CARBON; HCO AB The rotational spectrum of the triatomic free radical SiOH in its X (2)A(') ground electronic state has been observed in a supersonic molecular beam by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The fundamental (1(0,1)-> 0(0,0)) transition has been detected for normal SiOH and for three rare isotopic species: (30)SiOH, Si(18)OH, and SiOD. The same transition has also been observed in two of three excited vibrational states, v(2) and v(3), for the most abundant species. Precise spectroscopic constants, including those that describe the effective spin doubling and hydrogen hyperfine structure, have been derived for each isotopic species or vibrational state. To complement the laboratory work, theoretical calculations of the structure, dipole moment, and energies of the X (2)A(') and low-lying 1 (2)A(') states have also been undertaken at the coupled cluster level of theory. In agreement with theoretical predictions, we conclude from the hyperfine constants that SiOH is a best described as a pi-type radical, with the unpaired electron localized on a p orbital on the silicon atom. Assuming a bond angle of 118.5 degrees, the Si-O bond length is 1.647(2) A and the O-H bond length is 0.969(4) A. C1 [McCarthy, M. C.; Thaddeus, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McCarthy, M. C.; Thaddeus, P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tamassia, F.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Fis & Inorgan, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. [Woon, D. E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP McCarthy, MC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mccarthy@cfa.harvard.edu OI McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008 FU University of Bologna (Italy); NSF [CHE-0701204]; NASA [NNX08AE05G]; NASA Astrobiology program [NNX07AN33G] FX We thank C. A. Gottlieb, H. Gupta, and F. Shindo for helpful discussions. F. T. acknowledges the University of Bologna (Italy) for providing funds under the "Programma Marco Polo" scheme. The work in Cambridge is supported by NSF Grant No. CHE-0701204 and NASA Grant No. NNX08AE05G. D. E. W. acknowledges support by the NASA Astrobiology program through Grant No. NNX07AN33G. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 18 AR 184301 DI 10.1063/1.3002914 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 373AV UT WOS:000260944300020 PM 19045397 ER PT J AU Pyle, EH Santoni, GW Nascimento, HEM Hutyra, LR Vieira, S Curran, DJ van Haren, J Saleska, SR Chow, VY Carmago, PB Laurance, WF Wofsy, SC AF Pyle, Elizabeth Hammond Santoni, Gregory W. Nascimento, Henrique E. M. Hutyra, Lucy R. Vieira, Simone Curran, Daniel J. van Haren, Joost Saleska, Scott R. Chow, V. Y. Carmago, Plinio B. Laurance, William F. Wofsy, Steven C. TI Dynamics of carbon, biomass, and structure in two Amazonian forests SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; ABOVEGROUND LIVE BIOMASS; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; WOOD DENSITY; EXPERIMENTAL DROUGHT; NEOTROPICAL TREE; DIOXIDE; GROWTH; SOIL AB Amazon forests are potentially globally significant sources or sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide. In this study, we characterize the spatial trends in carbon storage and fluxes in both live and dead biomass (necromass) in two Amazonian forests, the Biological Dynamic of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), near Manaus, Amazonas, and the Tapajos National Forest (TNF) near Santarem, Para. We assessed coarse woody debris (CWD) stocks, tree growth, mortality, and recruitment in ground-based plots distributed across the terra firme forest at both sites. Carbon dynamics were similar within each site, but differed significantly between the sites. The BDFFP and the TNF held comparable live biomass (167 +/- 7.6 MgC.ha(-1) versus 149 +/- 6.0 MgC.ha(-1), respectively), but stocks of CWD were 2.5 times larger at TNF (16.2 +/- 1.5 MgC.ha(-1) at BDFFP, versus 40.1 +/- 3.9 MgC.ha(-1) at TNF). A model of current forest dynamics suggests that the BDFFP was close to carbon balance, and its size class structure approximated a steady state. The TNF, by contrast, showed rapid carbon accrual to live biomass (3.24 +/- 0.22 MgC.ha(-1).a(-1) in TNF, 2.59 +/- 0.16 MgC.ha(-1).a(-1) in BDFFP), which was more than offset by losses from large stocks of CWD, as well as ongoing shifts of biomass among size classes. This pattern in the TNF suggests recovery from a significant disturbance. The net loss of carbon from the TNF will likely last 10 - 15 years after the initial disturbance (controlled by the rate of decay of coarse woody debris), followed by uptake of carbon as the forest size class structure and composition continue to shift. The frequency and longevity of forests showing such disequilibruim dynamics within the larger matrix of the Amazon remains an essential question to understanding Amazonian carbon balance. C1 [Pyle, Elizabeth Hammond; Santoni, Gregory W.; Hutyra, Lucy R.; Curran, Daniel J.; Chow, V. Y.; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nascimento, Henrique E. M.; Laurance, William F.] Natl Inst Amazonian Res, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Hutyra, Lucy R.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vieira, Simone; Carmago, Plinio B.] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-13416000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [van Haren, Joost; Saleska, Scott R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Laurance, William F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Pyle, EH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pyle@fas.harvard.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Vieira, Simone/H-1225-2011; Nascimento, Henrique/F-8612-2012 OI Vieira, Simone/0000-0002-0129-4181; FU NASA [NCC5-341, NCC5-684, NNG06GG69A]; NASA/LBA; Programa Piloto para Protecao das Florestas Tropicais (PPG-7);; A. W. Mellon Foundation; Conservation, Food, and Health Foundation; World Wildlife Fund-U.S.; MacArthur Foundation; National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA); Fundacao de Amaparo a Pesquisa do Amazonas (FAPEAM); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientiacute; fico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Smithsonian Institution (SI) FX This research was part of the Brazil-led Large Scale Biosphere-atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia, funded primarily through the NASA grants NCC5-341, NCC5-684, and NNG06GG69A to Harvard University. It was also made possible by the Harvard University Center for the Environment, the Harvard College Research Fund, and Harvard University's David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies. We would like to thank the team at the LBA-Santarem Office: Bethany Reed, Lisa Merry, Dan Hodkinson, and Michael Keller (Director), for their logistical support; Kadson Silva, Dulcyana Ferreira, Raimundo Lima, Jadson Dizencourt Dias, Marcello da Silva Feitosa, and the other members of the CD-10 team for their help in both the field and in the office; Nilson de Souza Carvalho and Ehrly Pedroso for their knowledge and dedication in the field; and Josias Freitas, Itamar, Chieno for their assistance in the field; Daniel Jacob, Paul Moorcroft, and Bill Munger for advice on analyses for various versions of this paper. For the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, funding was provided by the NASA/LBA Program; Programa Piloto para Protecao das Florestas Tropicais (PPG-7); A. W. Mellon Foundation; Conservation, Food, and Health Foundation; World Wildlife Fund-U. S.; MacArthur Foundation; National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA); Fundacao de Amaparo a Pesquisa do Amazonas (FAPEAM); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientiacute; fico e Tecnologico (CNPq); and Smithsonian Institution (SI). This is the publication 510 in the BDFFP technical series. NR 76 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 14 PY 2008 VL 113 AR G00B08 DI 10.1029/2007JG000592 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 373TA UT WOS:000260994700001 ER PT J AU Vrinceanu, D Dalgarno, A AF Vrinceanu, D. Dalgarno, A. TI Long-range interaction between ground and excited state hydrogen atoms SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION MOMENTS; MOLECULE AB The asymptotic expansion at large distances is obtained for the interaction between a ground state hydrogen atom and an excited hydrogen atom with principal quantum number n = 2, . . ., 10. A degenerate perturbation theory up to the second order is employed to obtain accurate results. The asymptotic representation for several special cases is found in the limit of large quantum number n. C1 [Vrinceanu, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dalgarno, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Vrinceanu, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 21 AR 215202 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/41/21/215202 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 366GU UT WOS:000260469500013 ER PT J AU Rota, J AF Rota, Jadranka TI IMMATURE STAGES OF METALMARK MOTHS FROM THE GENUS BRENTHIA CLEMENS (CHOREUTIDAE): MORPHOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY NOTES SO JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Microlepidoptera; chaetotaxy; ultrastructure; larval escape behavior; parasitoids; Braconidae ID LEPIDOPTERA AB In this paper the immature stages of Brenthia monolychna Meyrick (Choreutidae: Brenthiinae), as well as their ultrastructure, are described and figured. This is the first description of it New World brenthiine. In addition, notes on life history for flour New World species of Brenthia Clemens are provided, including mention of their host plants and parasitoids. Host plant utilization of the genus is discussed. A clarification of the nomenclature of the longest seta on the larval abdominal segment 9 is proposed. Earlier literature disagrees on whether this is a lateral, subdorsal, or dorsal seta - my examination suggests it is the subdorsal seta 1. The recorded distribution of Brenthia pavonacella Clemens is questioned, and a revised distribution is suggested. Moreover, an escape mechanism, employed by kill known Brenthia larvae, is discussed. Finally, a list of morphological and behavioral synapomorphies for the subfamily Brenthiinae and the genus Brenthia is provided. C1 [Rota, Jadranka] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Rota, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM rotaj@si.edu RI Rota, Jadranka/C-6702-2011 OI Rota, Jadranka/0000-0003-0220-3920 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0072702]; National Geographic Society [7331-02, 7751-04]; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut; Connecticut State Museum of Natural History FX I am grateful to David L. Wagner for his help with numerous aspects of this project, but especially fieldwork and comments oil earlier drafts of this manuscript. For hints on potential host plants and/or direct help with collecting, thanks are due to Lee A. Dyer, Humberto Garcia, Grant Gentry, Terry L. Harrison, Henry A Hespenheide, Louis M. LaPierre, and Uzay U. Sezen. I thank Kevin R Tuck (BMNH) and Jon A. (Buck) Lewis (USNM) for help with access to collections. Technical assistance for obtaining SEM images was provided by James Romanow and Marie Cantino. James B. Whitfield identified the braconid parasitoids. Ron Priest and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments on in earlier Version of the manuscript. Funding for this project came in part front the ALAS project (PIS: Robert K. Colwell, John T Longino, at, al National Science Foundation grant DEB-0072702 and National Geographic Society grants 7331-02 and 7751-04) and front Penner and DeCoursey Endowments (Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut and the Connecticut State Museum of Natural History). NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEPIDOPTERISTS SOC PI LOS ANGELES PA 900 EXPOSITION BLVD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90007-4057 USA SN 0024-0966 J9 J LEPID SOC JI J. Lepid. Soc. PD NOV 14 PY 2008 VL 62 IS 3 BP 121 EP 129 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 374XL UT WOS:000261076900001 ER PT J AU Davidson, I Simkanin, C AF Davidson, Ian Simkanin, Christina TI Skeptical of Assisted Colonization SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID INVASION C1 [Davidson, Ian] Portland State Univ, Aquat Bioinvas Res & Policy Inst, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Davidson, Ian] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Simkanin, Christina] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. RP Davidson, I (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Aquat Bioinvas Res & Policy Inst, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM idavidso@pdx.edu OI Davidson, Ian/0000-0002-8729-6048 NR 4 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 14 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5904 BP 1048 EP 1049 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 371YD UT WOS:000260867700011 PM 19008427 ER PT J AU Sunshine, JM Connolly, HC Mccoy, TJ Bus, SJ La Croix, LM AF Sunshine, J. M. Connolly, H. C., Jr. McCoy, T. J. Bus, S. J. La Croix, L. M. TI Response to Comment on "Ancient Asteroids Enriched in Refractory Inclusions" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHONDRITES AB Although the exact abundance of phases in carbonaceous chondrites remains debatable, a potentially lower absolute abundance of calcium- and aluminum- rich inclusions (CAIs) in the Allende meteorite does not change our fundamental conclusion. In a relative comparison, CAI- rich asteroids contain two to three times as many CAIs as the most CAI- rich meteorites. These asteroids are therefore greatly enriched in the earliest solar system materials and remain enticing targets for future exploration. C1 [Sunshine, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Connolly, H. C., Jr.] CUNY, Dept Phys Sci, Kingsborough Community Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. [Connolly, H. C., Jr.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Connolly, H. C., Jr.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 11024 USA. [McCoy, T. J.; La Croix, L. M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Bus, S. J.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [La Croix, L. M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Sunshine, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jess@astro.umd.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 14 PY 2008 VL 322 IS 5904 DI 10.1126/science.1161585 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 371YD UT WOS:000260867700017 ER PT J AU Rota, J AF Rota, Jadranka TI A new genus and new species of metalmark moths (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae) from Costa Rica SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Alasea corniculata; biodiversity; Brenthiinae; Choreutinae; microlepidoptera; Neotropical AB Alasea, new genus, is described and illustrated. As currently defined, Alasea is monotypic with the single species A. corniculata, n. sp., from Heredia, Limon, and Puntarenas provinces in Costa Rica. The new genus is assigned to the subfamily Choreutinae based on morphological and molecular data. As in other choreutines, Alasea has a bluntly pointed forewing and hindwing (in Brenthiinae the wings are obtuse); the basal segment of the labial palpus is parallel-sided (in Brenthiinae it is narrowed basally); and the basal flagellomeres of the antenna are heavily scaled (in Brenthiinae such scaling is never present). The immature stages and the biology of A. corniculata are unknown. Additionally, the terminology and homology of genitalic characters used in descriptions of Choreutidae are reviewed, and suggestions for more consistent usage are provided. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Rota, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 105, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM rotaj@si.edu RI Rota, Jadranka/C-6702-2011 OI Rota, Jadranka/0000-0003-0220-3920 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0072702]; National Geographic Society [7331-02, 7751-04]; Jose Montero (INBio); Kevin Tuck (BMNH) FX I thank Dave Wagner for providing the opportunity to work in Costa Rica and suggesting this project; Jack Longino and Rob Colwell for inviting me to participate in the ALAS project and providing funds for field work ( National Science Foundation grant DEB-0072702 and National Geographic Society grants 7331-02 and 7751-04); Jose Montero (INBio) and Kevin Tuck (BMNH) for help with access to specimens; Karie Darrow for help with the Microptics system; Don Davis for advice throughout this project and for reading an earlier version of the manuscript; John Brown for help with numerous aspects of this project; and Joaquin Baixeras and Richard Brown for their careful reviews of the manuscript. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 14 PY 2008 IS 1933 BP 12 EP 18 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 375IH UT WOS:000261106900002 ER PT J AU Lewis, KW Aharonson, O Grotzinger, JP Squyres, SW Bell, JF Crumpler, LS Schmidt, ME AF Lewis, Kevin W. Aharonson, Oded Grotzinger, John P. Squyres, Steven W. Bell, James F., III Crumpler, Larry S. Schmidt, Mariek E. TI Structure and stratigraphy of Home Plate from the Spirit Mars Exploration Rover SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GUSEV CRATER; SURGE DEPOSITS; CAPELINHOS; VOLCANOES; ERUPTION; ROCKS AB Home Plate is a layered plateau observed by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit in the Columbia Hills of Gusev Crater. The structure is roughly 80 m in diameter, and the raised margin exposes a stratigraphic section roughly 1.5 m in thickness. Previous work has proposed a pyroclastic surge, possibly followed by aeolian reworking of the ash, for the depositional origin for these beds. We have performed a quantitative analysis of the structure, stratigraphy, and sedimentology at this location. Our results are consistent with an explosive volcaniclastic origin for the layered sediments. Analysis of bedding orientations over half of the circumference of Home Plate reveals a radially inward dipping structure, consistent with deposition in the volcanic vent, or topographic draping of a preexisting depression. Detailed observations of the sedimentology show that grain sorting varies significantly between outcrops on the east and west sides. Observations on the western side show a well-sorted population of sand sized grains which comprise the bedrock, while the eastern margin shows a wider range of grain sizes, including some coarse granules. These observations are consistent with primary deposition by a pyroclastic surge. However, aeolian reworking of the upper stratigraphic unit is not ruled out. Identification of explosive volcanic products on Mars may implicate magma interaction with subsurface hydrologic reservoirs in the past. C1 [Lewis, Kevin W.; Aharonson, Oded; Grotzinger, John P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Squyres, Steven W.; Bell, James F., III] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Crumpler, Larry S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Schmidt, Mariek E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Lewis, KW (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, MC 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM klewis@gps.caltech.edu RI Lewis, Kevin/E-5557-2012 FU NASA; Cornell and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory FX We thank Dave Rubin, Gary Kocurek, and John Southard for illuminating discussions and suggestions, as well as Douglas Jerolmack and David Lescinsky for insightful reviews. We are especially indebted to the MER Athena Science and Engineering Teams without whom these observations would not have been possible. Funding for Athena science team members was provided by NASA contracts through Cornell and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NR 52 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 13 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E12 AR E12S36 DI 10.1029/2007JE003025 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 373TP UT WOS:000260996700001 ER PT J AU Vollmer, SV Kline, DI AF Vollmer, Steven V. Kline, David I. TI Natural Disease Resistance in Threatened Staghorn Corals SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-BAND DISEASE; SUPPRESSION SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; SHRIMP PENAEUS-JAPONICUS; REEF-BUILDING CORALS; CARIBBEAN CORAL; ACROPORA-PALMATA; EASTERN OYSTER; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AB Disease epidemics have caused extensive damage to tropical coral reefs and to the reef-building corals themselves, yet nothing is known about the abilities of the coral host to resist disease infection. Understanding the potential for natural disease resistance in corals is critically important, especially in the Caribbean where the two ecologically dominant shallow-water corals, Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata, have suffered an unprecedented mass die-off due to White Band Disease (WBD), and are now listed as threatened under the US Threatened Species Act and as critically endangered under the IUCN Red List criteria. Here we examine the potential for natural resistance to WBD in the staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis by combining microsatellite genotype information with in situ transmission assays and field monitoring of WBD on tagged genotypes. We show that six percent of staghorn coral genotypes (3 out of 49) are resistant to WBD. This natural resistance to WBD in staghorn corals represents the first evidence of host disease resistance in scleractinian corals and demonstrates that staghorn corals have an innate ability to resist WBD infection. These resistant staghorn coral genotypes may explain why pockets of Acropora have been able to survive the WBD epidemic. Understanding disease resistance in these corals may be the critical link to restoring populations of these once dominant corals throughout their range. C1 [Vollmer, Steven V.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Vollmer, Steven V.; Kline, David I.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Kline, David I.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Vollmer, SV (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. EM s.vollmer@neu.edu FU Smithsonian Marine Science Network [Postdoctoral Fellowships]; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute [Hoch Fellowship] FX Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowships to SVV and DIK, and a Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Hoch Fellowship to SVV. NR 70 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 31 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 13 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 11 AR e3718 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003718 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 432WY UT WOS:000265166200006 PM 19005565 ER PT J AU Amaral, FMD Steiner, AQ Broadhurst, MK Cairns, SD AF Amaral, Fernanda M. D. Steiner, Andrea Q. Broadhurst, Matt K. Cairns, Stephen D. TI An overview of the shallow-water calcified hydroids from Brazil (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria), including the description of a new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Calcified hydroids; Brazil; Millepora; Millepora laboreli n. sp.; Stylaster roseus ID MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS; HYDROCORAL MILLEPORA; CORAL-REEF; COELENTERATA; SCLERACTINIA; POPULATIONS; ECOLOGY; FORMS AB Five species of calcified hydroids occur in shallow waters along the Brazilian coast: four milleporids - Millepora alcicornis Linnaeus, Millepora braziliensis Verrill, Millepora nitida Verrill, and a new species, Millepora laboreli - and one stylasterid - Stylaster roseus (Pallas). Compared to the scleractinian corals, the calcified hydroids of Brazil have received little attention. Nevertheless, Milleporidae are an important component of Brazilian reefs, with colonies that can reach up to 2 m in diameter. Among the aspects that have been studied for Millepora spp, their distributions and skeletal morphometries are the most distinctive. Due to their complex taxonomy, several morphometric characters have been used to facilitate their identification. Molecular systematics has also been used as a complementary technique to traditional taxonomic tools. Other aspects of Brazilian Millepora spp, such as their nematocysts, medusae and ecology, have received less attention; nevertheless, the few existing studies reveal several remarkable features of this genus. Comprehensive studies of Brazilian stylasterids are still lacking. C1 [Amaral, Fernanda M. D.] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Biol, Area Zool, Lab Ambientes Recifais, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Steiner, Andrea Q.] Assoc Pernambucana Defesa Nat ASPAN, BR-50732970 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Broadhurst, Matt K.] NSW Dept Primary Ind, Fisheries Conservat Technol Unit, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia. [Cairns, Stephen D.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Amaral, FMD (reprint author), Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Biol, Area Zool, Lab Ambientes Recifais, Rua Dom Manuel Medeiros S-N, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. EM fdamaral@db.ufrpe.br; coorelin@aspan.org.br; mbroadhurst@nmsc.edu.au; cairnss@si.edu RI Amaral, Fernanda/I-2633-2012; Broadhurst, Matt/I-6783-2015 OI Broadhurst, Matt/0000-0003-0184-7249 NR 49 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 12 PY 2008 IS 1930 BP 56 EP 68 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 375IE UT WOS:000261106600004 ER PT J AU Janecka, JE Helgen, KM Lim, NTL Baba, M Izawa, M Murphy, WJ AF Janecka, Jan E. Helgen, Kristofer M. Lim, Norman T. -L. Baba, Minoru Izawa, Masako Murphy, William J. TI Evidence for multiple species of Sunda colugo SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Janecka, Jan E.; Murphy, William J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Helgen, Kristofer M.] Smithsonian Inst, Div Mammals, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lim, Norman T. -L.] Natl Univ Singapore, Raffles Museum Biodivers Res, Singapore 117600, Singapore. [Baba, Minoru] Kitakyushu Museum Nat Hist & Human Hist, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8050071, Japan. [Izawa, Masako] Univ Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 9030213, Japan. Puslitbang Biol LIPI, Museum Zool Bogor, Cibinong, Indonesia. RP Janecka, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM wmurphy@cvm.tamu.edu RI Lim, Norman/P-4940-2016 OI Lim, Norman/0000-0001-7350-6975 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD NOV 11 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 21 BP R1001 EP R1002 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.005 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 372WJ UT WOS:000260932700014 PM 19000793 ER PT J AU Andre, SL Andre, TC Watters, TR Robinson, MS AF Andre, Sarah L. Andre, Troy C. Watters, Thomas R. Robinson, Mark S. TI Application of an adaptive least squares correlation algorithm for stereo matching planetary image data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; LOBATE SCARPS; CLEMENTINE; MERCURY; TOPOGRAPHY; MARS; HEMISPHERE; COVERAGE; MOON AB An adaptive least squares (ALS) correlation algorithm and a region-growing algorithm were implemented into a stereo-matching computer program. This program (referred to as the Stereo Matching Tool Kit (SMTK)) was designed specifically for the application to planetary image data. The ALS algorithm matches a patch of one image to the corresponding area in a second image. The matching procedure is an iterative process that minimizes the sum of the square differences between the two patches to determine an optimal set of transformation parameters. Successful matches are then used to predict potential match points for surrounding locations. Using potential match points in conjunction with the region-growing algorithm, a population of match points between the two images is determined. The stereo-matching process is initiated by using the ALS algorithm in conjunction with Spacecraft, Planet, Instrument, C-matrix, and Events (SPICE) information to automatically determine a set of seed points. SMTK was tested on two planetary image data sets: Mariner 10 and Clementine. SMTK-derived digital elevation models compare well with topography generated by an area-based stereo matcher requiring manual selection of seed points, analog stereo techniques, and photoclinometry. C1 [Andre, Sarah L.; Watters, Thomas R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Robinson, Mark S.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Andre, Troy C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Andre, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM andres@si.edu NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 11 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E11 AR E11006 DI 10.1029/2008JE003080 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 373TL UT WOS:000260996300001 ER PT J AU Fine, S Croom, SM Hopkins, PF Hernquist, L Bland-Hawthorn, J Colless, M Hall, PB Miller, L Myers, AD Nichol, R Pimbblet, KA Ross, NP Schneider, DP Shanks, T Sharp, RG AF Fine, S. Croom, S. M. Hopkins, P. F. Hernquist, L. Bland-Hawthorn, J. Colless, M. Hall, P. B. Miller, L. Myers, A. D. Nichol, R. Pimbblet, K. A. Ross, N. P. Schneider, D. P. Shanks, T. Sharp, R. G. TI Constraining the quasar population with the broad-line width distribution SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Galaxies: evolution; quasars: emission lines; quasars: general; cosmology: observations ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLE MASSES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; COSMIC STAR-FORMATION; QSO REDSHIFT SURVEY; BH-SIGMA RELATION; 5TH DATA RELEASE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; EMISSION-LINE; COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION AB In this work, we test the assertion that the scatter in the mass of black holes which drive quasars should be luminosity dependent with less scatter in more luminous objects. To this end, we measure the width of the Mg II lambda 2799 line in quasar spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), 2df QSO Redshift survey (2QZ) and 2dF SDSS LRG And QSO (2SLAQ) surveys and, by invoking an unnormalized virial mass estimator, relate the scatter in linewidth to the scatter of mass in the underlying black hole population. We find conclusive evidence for a trend such that there is less scatter in linewidth, and hence black hole mass, in more luminous objects. However, the most luminous objects in our sample show such a low degree of scatter in linewidth that, when combined with measures for the intrinsic scatter in the radius-luminosity relation for the broad-line region (BLR) in active galaxies, an inconsistency arises in the virial technique for estimating black hole masses. This analysis implies that, at least for the most luminous quasars, either there is little-to-no intrinsic scatter in the radius-luminosity relation or the Mg II broad emission-line region is not totally dominated by virial velocities. Finally, we exploit the measured scatter in linewidths to constrain models for the velocity field of the BLR. We show that the lack of scatter in broad-line widths for luminous quasars is inconsistent with a pure planar/disc-like geometry for the BLR. In the case of a BLR with purely polar flows, the opening angle to luminous quasars must be less than similar to 55 degrees. We then explore the effects of adding a random or spherically symmetric component to the velocities of gas clouds in the BLR. Assuming an opening angle to quasars of 45 degrees, a planar field can be made consistent with our results if similar to 40-50 per cent of the velocities are randomly distributed. C1 [Fine, S.; Croom, S. M.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Hopkins, P. F.; Hernquist, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Colless, M.; Sharp, R. G.] Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Hall, P. B.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Miller, L.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Myers, A. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nichol, R.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. [Pimbblet, K. A.] Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Ross, N. P.; Shanks, T.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Ross, N. P.; Schneider, D. P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fine, S (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM sfine@physics.usyd.edu.au OI Colless, Matthew/0000-0001-9552-8075 NR 77 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 11 PY 2008 VL 390 IS 4 BP 1413 EP 1429 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13691.x PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 365YW UT WOS:000260447100011 ER PT J AU Gazeas, K Stepien, K AF Gazeas, K. Stepien, K. TI Angular momentum and mass evolution of contact binaries SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE binaries: close; binaries: eclipsing; stars: evolution ID W-URSAE-MAJORIS; LIGHT-CURVE ANALYSIS; LINE BROADENING FUNCTIONS; UMA-TYPE BINARIES; M-CIRCLE-DOT; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; RADIAL-VELOCITY; NEAR-CONTACT; ECLIPSING BINARY; PERIOD CHANGES AB Various scenarios of contact binary evolution have been proposed in the past, giving hints of (sometimes contradictory) evolutionary sequences connecting A- and W-type systems. As the components of close detached binaries approach each other and contact binaries are formed, following evolutionary paths transforms them into systems of two categories: A-type and W-type. The systems evolve in a similar way but under slightly different circumstances. The mass/energy transfer rate is different, leading to quite different evolutionary results. An alternative scenario of evolution in contact is presented and discussed, based on the observational data of over one hundred low-temperature contact binaries. It results from the observed correlations among contact binary physical and orbital parameters. Theoretical tracks are computed assuming angular momentum loss from a system via stellar wind, accompanied by mass transfer from an advanced evolutionary secondary to the main-sequence primary. A good agreement is seen between the tracks and the observed graphs. Independently of details of the evolution in contact and a relation between A- and W-type systems, the ultimate fate of contact binaries involves the coalescence of both components into a single fast rotating star. C1 [Gazeas, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stepien, K.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. RP Gazeas, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kgaze@physics.auth.gr; kst@astrouw.edu.pl FU Ministry of Science and Higher Education [1 P03 016 28] FX KS acknowledges the partial financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education through the grant 1 P03 016 28. NR 109 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 11 PY 2008 VL 390 IS 4 BP 1577 EP 1586 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13844.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 365YW UT WOS:000260447100025 ER PT J AU Rafferty, DA McNamara, BR Nulsen, PEJ AF Rafferty, D. A. McNamara, B. R. Nulsen, P. E. J. TI THE REGULATION OF COOLING AND STAR FORMATION IN LUMINOUS GALAXIES BY ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS FEEDBACK AND THE COOLING-TIME/ENTROPY THRESHOLD FOR THE ONSET OF STAR FORMATION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cooling flows; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES; CCD SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; EMISSION-LINE NEBULAE; HYDRA-A CLUSTER; X-RAY CAVITIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; RADIO GALAXIES; FLOW CLUSTERS; BLACK-HOLES AB Using broadband optical imaging and Chandra X-ray data for a sample of 46 cluster central dominant galaxies (CDGs), we investigate the connection between star formation, the intracluster medium (ICM), and the central active galactic nucleus (AGN). We report the discovery of a remarkably sharp threshold for the onset of star formation that occurs when the central cooling time of the hot atmosphere falls below similar to 5 x 10(8) yr, or equivalently when the central entropy falls below similar to 30 keV cm(2). In addition to this criterion, star formation in cooling flows also appears to require that the X-ray and galaxy centroids lie within similar to 20 kpc of each other and that the jet (cavity) power is smaller than the X-ray cooling luminosity. These three criteria, together with the high ratio of cooling time to AGN outburst (cavity) age across our sample, directly link the presence of star formation and AGN activity in CDGs to cooling instabilities in the intracluster plasma. Our results provide compelling evidence that AGN feedback into the hot ICM is largely responsible for regulating cooling and star formation in the cores of clusters, leading to the significant growth of supermassive black holes in CDGs at late times. C1 [Rafferty, D. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rafferty, D. A.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [McNamara, B. R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 2G1, Canada. [McNamara, B. R.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [McNamara, B. R.; Nulsen, P. E. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rafferty, DA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU NASA Long Term Space Astro-physics [NAG4-11025, NAS8-01130]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank Laura Birzan and Mark Voit for helpful discussions and Herald Ebeling for bringing the MACS sample to our attention. We also thank the referee for helpful comments. This research was funded in part by NASA Long Term Space Astro-physics grant NAG4-11025 and by a generous grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. P. E. J. N. acknowledges NASA grant NAS8-01130. NR 94 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 2 BP 899 EP 918 DI 10.1086/591240 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367QG UT WOS:000260566700011 ER PT J AU Lutovinov, AA Vikhlinin, A Churazov, EM Revnivtsev, MG Sunyaev, RA AF Lutovinov, A. A. Vikhlinin, A. Churazov, E. M. Revnivtsev, M. G. Sunyaev, R. A. TI X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF THE COMA CLUSTER IN A BROAD ENERGY BAND WITH THE INTEGRAL, RXTE, AND ROSAT OBSERVATORIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: individual (Coma) ID DIFFUSE RADIO-EMISSION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; GALAXIES; ELECTRONS; ACCELERATION; SPECTRUM; HALO; CALIBRATION; REGION AB We present results of X-ray observations of the Coma Cluster with multiple instruments over a broad energy band. Using the data from the INTEGRAL, RXTE, and ROSAT observatories, we find that the Coma spectrum in the 0:5-107 keV energy band can be well approximated by a thermal plasma emission model with a temperature of T 8: 2 keV. INTEGRAL was used to image the cluster emission in the hard energy band. The cluster is only marginally detectable (similar to 1.6 sigma) in the 44-107 keV energy band; however, the raw flux in this band is consistent with the previous results from the BeppoSAX and RXTE observatories. We can exclude with high significance that the hard-band flux reported by BeppoSAX and RXTE could be produced by a single point source. The 20-80 keV flux of a possible nonthermal component in the cluster spectrum is (6.0 +/- 8.8); 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1). Using the upper limits on nonthermal flux, we obtain a lower limit on magnetic field of 0.1-0.2 mu G (depending on the spatial model for a smoothly varying field). We also present a temperature map of the central part of the cluster, which shows significant variations and, in particular, a hot similar to 11.5 keV region in the extension toward the subcluster infalling from the southwest. C1 [Lutovinov, A. A.; Vikhlinin, A.; Churazov, E. M.; Revnivtsev, M. G.; Sunyaev, R. A.] Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Lutovinov, A. A.; Vikhlinin, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Churazov, E. M.; Revnivtsev, M. G.; Sunyaev, R. A.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RP Lutovinov, AA (reprint author), Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013 FU INTEGRAL Science Data Center (Versoix, Switzerland); Russian Science Data Center of INTEGRAL (Moscow, Russia); High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center Online Service; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center [GO5-6121A]; RFBR [07-02-01051]; DFG [CH389/3-2]; Extended objects in the Universe' program of the Russian Academy of Sciences; NSH [1100.2006.2] FX This work is based on observations with INTEGRAL and made use of the INTEGRAL Science Data Center (Versoix, Switzerland), Russian Science Data Center of INTEGRAL (Moscow, Russia), and the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center Online Service, provided by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The work was supported by Chandra grant GO5-6121A, RFBR grant 07-02-01051, DFG grant CH389/3-2, the "Extended objects in the Universe'' program of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and a program of support for leading scientific schools (project NSH-1100.2006.2). A. L. thanks CfA for hospitality during the course of this research. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 2 BP 968 EP 975 DI 10.1086/592032 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367QG UT WOS:000260566700016 ER PT J AU Seth, AC Blum, RD Bastian, N Caldwell, N Debattista, VP AF Seth, Anil C. Blum, Robert D. Bastian, Nate Caldwell, Nelson Debattista, Victor P. TI THE ROTATING NUCLEAR STAR CLUSTER IN NGC 4244 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: formation; galaxies: individual (NGC 4244); galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; galaxies: nuclei; galaxies: spiral; galaxies: star clusters ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; SPACE-TELESCOPE CENSUS; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; SPIRAL GALAXIES; GALACTIC-CENTER; MOLECULAR GAS; SPECTRA; MODELS; POPULATIONS AB We present observations of the nuclear star cluster in the nearby edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 4244 using the Gemini Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) with laser guide star adaptive optics. From a previous study of edge-on galaxies, this nuclear star cluster was found to be one of a sample of clusters that appear flattened along the plane of their host galaxies disks. Such clusters show evidence for multiple morphological components, with younger/bluer disk components and older/redder spheroidal components. Our new observations of NGC 4244 show clear rotation of 30 km s(-1) within the central 10 pc (0: 500) of the cluster. The central velocity dispersion is found to be 28 +/- 2 kms(-1). The multiple stellar populations inferred from the optical colors and spectra are seen as variations in the CO line strength in the NIFS spectra. The rotation is clearly detected even in the older, more spheroidal stellar component. We discuss evidence for similar structures and kinematics in the nuclear star clusters of other galaxies including M33 and the Milky Way. Our observations support two possible formation mechanisms: (1) episodic accretion of gas from the disk directly onto the nuclear star cluster; or (2) episodic accretion of young star clusters formed in the central part of the galaxy due to dynamical friction. C1 [Seth, Anil C.; Caldwell, Nelson] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Blum, Robert D.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bastian, Nate] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Debattista, Victor P.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. RP Seth, AC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM aseth@cfa.harvard.edu FU NGC [4244]; Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc; National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF (United States); Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom); National Research Council (Canada); CONICYT (Chile); Australian Research Council (Australia); Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia (Brazil); SECYT (Argentina) FX We briefly describe our analysis of the morphology of the NGC 4244 NSC using the high- resolution K-band image of the cluster created from our Gemini NIFS data. This information is used in x 3.3 to argue that the entire cluster is rotating and will be used as input for dynamical modeling (F. de Lorenzi et al. Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (NSF) on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the NSF (United States), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), the Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia (Brazil), and SECYT (Argentina). NR 51 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 2 BP 997 EP 1003 DI 10.1086/591935 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367QG UT WOS:000260566700019 ER PT J AU Elsner, RF Heinke, CO Cohn, HN Lugger, PM Maxwell, JE Stairs, IH Ransom, SM Hessels, JWT Becker, W Huang, RHH Edmonds, PD Grindlay, JE Bogdanov, S Ghosh, K Weisskopf, MC AF Elsner, Ronald F. Heinke, Craig O. Cohn, Haldan N. Lugger, Phyllis M. Maxwell, J. Edward Stairs, Ingrid H. Ransom, Scott M. Hessels, Jason W. T. Becker, Werner Huang, Regina H. H. Edmonds, Peter D. Grindlay, Jonathan E. Bogdanov, Slavko Ghosh, Kajal Weisskopf, Martin C. TI CHANDRA X-RAY OBSERVATORY OBSERVATIONS OF THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER M71 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE globular clusters: individual (M71 NGC 6838); pulsars: individual (PSR J1953+1846A, M71A); X-rays: binaries; X-rays: stars ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER-47 TUCANAE; MILLISECOND PULSAR; BINARIES; CATALOG; CORE; NGC-6397; ARECIBO; PLASMAS; M4 AB We observe the nearby, low-density globular cluster M71 (NGC 6838) with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory to study its faint X-ray populations. Five X-ray sources are found inside the cluster core radius, including the known eclipsing binary millisecond pulsar (MSP) PSR J1953+1846A. The X-ray light curve of the source coincident with this MSP shows marginal evidence for periodicity at the binary period of 4.2 hr. Its hard X-ray spectrum and luminosity resemble those of other eclipsing binary MSPs in 47 Tuc, suggesting a similar shock origin of the X-ray emission. A further 24 X-ray sources are found within the half-mass radius, reaching to a limiting luminosity of 1.5 x 10(30) ergs s (1) (0.3-8 keV). From a radial distribution analysis, we find that 18 +/- 6 of these 29 sources are associated with M71, somewhat more than predicted, and that 11 +/- 6 are background sources, both Galactic and extragalactic. M71 appears to have more X-ray sources in the range L-X - 10(30) -10(31) ergs s(-1) than expected by extrapolating from other studied clusters using either mass or collision frequency. We explore the spectra and variability of these sources and describe the results of ground-based optical counterpart searches. C1 [Elsner, Ronald F.; Ghosh, Kajal; Weisskopf, Martin C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Heinke, Craig O.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 267, Canada. [Cohn, Haldan N.; Lugger, Phyllis M.; Maxwell, J. Edward] Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Stairs, Ingrid H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Ransom, Scott M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Hessels, Jason W. T.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Becker, Werner; Huang, Regina H. H.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Edmonds, Peter D.; Grindlay, Jonathan E.; Bogdanov, Slavko] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Elsner, RF (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM ron.elsner@nasa.gov OI Bogdanov, Slavko/0000-0002-9870-2742; Heinke, Craig/0000-0003-3944-6109 FU Northwestern University; University of Virginia; NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC); NSERC Discovery FX This research has made use of data obtained from the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Center (HEASARC), provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. C. O. H. acknowledges support from a Lindheimer Postdoctoral Fellowship at Northwestern University and from Chandra Guest Observer grants at the University of Virginia. Those of us at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) acknowledge support from the Chandra Program, as well as from the Chandra Guest Observer Programadministered by the Chandra X-ray Center. J. W. T. H. is funded by an NSERC postdoctoral fellowship and CSA supplement. Pulsar research at UBC is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant. We also thank Allyn Tennant for discussions of source finding and many aspects of Chandra data analysis, as well as for sharing useful scripts. Finally, we thank the referee for several helpful comments and questions. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 2 BP 1019 EP 1034 DI 10.1086/591899 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367QG UT WOS:000260566700021 ER PT J AU Williams, BJ Borkowski, KJ Reynolds, SP Raymond, JC Long, KS Morse, J Blair, WP Ghavamian, P Sankrit, R Hendrick, SP Smith, RC Points, S Winkler, PF AF Williams, Brian J. Borkowski, Kazimierz J. Reynolds, Stephen P. Raymond, John C. Long, Knox S. Morse, Jon Blair, William P. Ghavamian, Parviz Sankrit, Ravi Hendrick, Sean P. Smith, R. Chris Points, Sean Winkler, P. Frank TI EJECTA, DUST, AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION IN SNR B0540-69.3: A MORE CRAB-LIKE REMNANT THAN THE CRAB SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; Magellanic Clouds; pulsars: individual (SNR 0540-69.3); supernova remnants ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; RICH SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; NOVA REMNANTS; MILLISECOND PULSAR; PLANETARY SYSTEM; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MASSIVE STARS; PSR B0540-69; CASSIOPEIA-A AB We present near- and mid-infrared observations of the pulsar-wind nebula (PWN) SNR B0540-69.3 and its associated supernova remnant made with the Spitzer Space Telescope. We report detections of the PWN with all four IRAC bands, the 24 mu m band of MIPS, and the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS). We find no evidence of IR emission from the X-ray/radio shell surrounding the PWN resulting from the forward shock of the supernova blast wave. The flux of the PWN itself is dominated by synchrotron emission at shorter (IRAC) wavelengths, with a warm dust component longward of 20 mu m. We show that this dust continuum can be explained by a small amount [similar to(1-3) x 10(-3) M-circle dot] of dust at a temperature of similar to 50-65 K, heated by the shock wave generated by the PWN being driven into the inner edge of the ejecta. This is evidently dust synthesized in the supernova. We also report the detection of several lines in the spectrum of the PWN and present kinematic information about the PWN as determined from these lines. Kinematics are consistent with previous optical studies of this object. Line strengths are also broadly consistent with what one expects from optical line strengths. We find that lines arise from slow (similar to 20 km s(-1)) shocks driven into oxygen-rich clumps in the shell swept up by an iron-nickel bubble, which have a density contrast of similar to 100-200 relative to the bulk of the ejecta, and that faster shocks (similar to 250 km s(-1)) in the hydrogen envelope are required to heat dust grains to observed temperatures. We infer from estimates of heavy-element ejecta abundances that the progenitor star was likely in the range of 20-25 M-circle dot. C1 [Williams, Brian J.; Borkowski, Kazimierz J.; Reynolds, Stephen P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Raymond, John C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Long, Knox S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Morse, Jon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Blair, William P.; Ghavamian, Parviz] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sankrit, Ravi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hendrick, Sean P.] Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Phys, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. [Smith, R. Chris; Points, Sean] Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Winkler, P. Frank] Middlebury Coll, Dept Phys, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. RP Williams, BJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bjwilli2@ncsu.edu FU Spitzer Guest Observer [RSA 170640] FX We thank the referee for useful comments, and gratefully acknowledge support through Spitzer Guest Observer grant RSA 170640. NR 65 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 2 BP 1054 EP 1069 DI 10.1086/592139 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367QG UT WOS:000260566700024 ER PT J AU Forbrich, J Lada, CJ Muench, AA Teixeira, PS AF Forbrich, Jan Lada, Charles J. Muench, August A. Teixeira, Paula S. TI NEW M DWARF DEBRIS DISK CANDIDATES IN NGC 2547 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; open clusters and associations: individual (NGC 2547); planetary systems: formation ID TERRESTRIAL PLANET FORMATION; OPEN CLUSTER NGC-2547; LOW-MASS STARS; LITHIUM DEPLETION BOUNDARY; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; FAR-INFRARED PROPERTIES; TW-HYDRAE ASSOCIATION; SUN-LIKE STARS; SPITZER OBSERVATIONS; AU-MICROSCOPII AB With only six known examples, M dwarf debris disks are rare, even though M dwarfs constitute the majority of stars in the Galaxy. After finding a new M dwarf debris disk in a shallow mid-infrared observation of NGC 2547, we present a considerably deeper Spitzer MIPS image of the region, with a maximum exposure time of 15 minutes pixel(-1). Among sources selected from a previously published membership list, we identify nine new M dwarfs with excess emission at 24 mu m tracing warm material close to the snow line of these stars, at orbital radii of less than 1 AU. We argue that these are likely debris disks, suggesting that planet formation is under way in these systems. Interestingly, the estimated excess fraction of M stars appears to be higher than that of G and K stars in our sample. C1 [Forbrich, Jan; Lada, Charles J.; Muench, August A.; Teixeira, Paula S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Teixeira, Paula S.] Univ Lisbon, Dept Fis, Fac Ciencias, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Teixeira, Paula S.] Univ Lisbon, Lab Assoc Inst D Luiz SIM, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Forbrich, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jforbrich@cfa.harvard.edu; clada@cfa.harvard.edu; gmuench@cfa.harvard.edu; pteixeira@cfa.harvard.edu RI Teixeira, Paula Stella/O-2289-2013 OI Teixeira, Paula Stella/0000-0002-3665-5784 FU JPL [1281114]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal) [SFRH/BD/13984/2003] FX We would like to thank Scott Kenyon for insightful discussion and comments. Observations reported here were obtained through NASA Spitzer GO program (PID 20124) and supported by JPL contract 1281114. P. S. T. acknowledges support from the scholarship SFRH/BD/13984/2003 awarded by the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal). NR 64 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 2 BP 1107 EP 1116 DI 10.1086/592035 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367QG UT WOS:000260566700027 ER PT J AU Kelly, PL Kirshner, RP Pahre, M AF Kelly, Patrick L. Kirshner, Robert P. Pahre, Michael TI LONG gamma-RAY BURSTS AND TYPE Ic CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE HAVE SIMILAR LOCATIONS IN HOSTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: bursts; supernovae: general ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MASSIVE STARS; RATES; CONSTRAINTS; PROGENITORS; EVOLUTION; METALLICITIES; SPECTROSCOPY; GRB-030329; PHOTOMETRY AB When the afterglow fades at the site of a long-duration gamma-ray burst (LGRB), Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic) are the only type of core-collapse supernova observed. Recent work found that a sample of LGRB in high-redshift galaxies had different environments from a collection of core-collapse environments, which were identified from their colors and light curves. LGRBs were in the brightest regions of their hosts, but the core-collapse sample followed the overall distribution of the galaxy light. Here we examine 504 supernovae with types assigned based on their spectra that are located in nearby (z < 0.06) galaxies for which we have constructed surface photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The distributions of the thermonuclear supernovae (SNe Ia) and some varieties of core-collapse supernovae (SNe II and SNe Ib) follow the galaxy light, but the SNe Ic (like LGRBs) are much more likely to erupt in the brightest regions of their hosts. The high-redshift hosts of LGRB are overwhelmingly irregulars, without bulges, while many low-redshift SNe Ic hosts are spirals with small bulges. When we remove the bulge light from our low-redshift sample, the SN Ic and LGRB distributions agree extremely well. If both LGRBs and SNe Ic stem from very massive stars, then it seems plausible that the conditions necessary for forming SNe Ic are also required for LGRBs. Additional factors, including metallicity, may determine whether the stellar evolution of a massive star leads to a LGRB with an underlying broad-lined SN Ic, or simply a SN Ic without a gamma-ray burst. C1 [Kelly, Patrick L.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kelly, Patrick L.; Kirshner, Robert P.; Pahre, Michael] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kelly, PL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 382 Via Pucblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pkelly3@stanford.edu; rkirshner@cfa.harvard.edu; mpahre@cfa.harvard.edu FU NSF [AST0606772]; Harvard College Research Program [PHY05-51164]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Participating Institutions; National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX We especially thank P. Challis and M. Modjaz, as well as T. Matheson, A. Fruchter, D. Mink, M. Blanton, W. Li, M. Hicken, J. Bloom, C. Blake, and S. Blondin for their help and expert advice. Research on SNe at Harvard University is supported by the NSF by grant AST0606772. Additional funding for this work came through a summer grant from the Harvard College Research Program and the NSF under grant PHY05-51164 to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics. Work also supported in part by the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-76SF00515. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, Cambridge University, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the MaxPlanck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute forAstrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington. NR 35 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 2 BP 1201 EP 1207 DI 10.1086/591925 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367QG UT WOS:000260566700033 ER PT J AU Devor, J Charbonneau, D Torres, G Blake, CH White, RJ Rabus, M O'Donovan, FT Mandushev, G Bakos, GA Furesz, G Szentgyorgyi, A AF Devor, Jonathan Charbonneau, David Torres, Guillermo Blake, Cullen H. White, Russel J. Rabus, Markus O'Donovan, Francis T. Mandushev, Georgi Bakos, Gaspar A. Furesz, Gabor Szentgyorgyi, Andrew TI T-Lyr1-17236: A LONG-PERIOD LOW-MASS ECLIPSING BINARY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; binaries: eclipsing; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: individual (T-Lyr1-17236); stars: late-type ID M-DWARF; ABSOLUTE DIMENSIONS; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; OPEN CLUSTERS; WIDE-FIELD; COMPONENT IDENTIFICATION; TRANSITING PLANET; Y-2 ISOCHRONES; STARS; SYSTEM AB We describe the discovery of a 0.68+0.52 M-circle dot eclipsing binary (EB) with an 8.4 day orbital period, found through a systematic search of 10 fields of the Trans-atlantic Exoplanet Survey (TrES). Such long-period low-mass EBs constitute critical test cases for resolving the long-standing discrepancy between the theoretical and observational mass-radius relations at the bottom of the main sequence. It has been suggested that this discrepancy may be related to strong stellar magnetic fields, which are not properly accounted for in current theoretical models. All previously well-characterized low-mass main-sequence EBs have periods of a few days or less, and their components are therefore expected to be rotating rapidly as a result of tidal synchronization, thus generating strong magnetic fields. In contrast, the binary system described here has a period that is more than 3 times longer than previously characterized low-mass main-sequence EBs, and its components rotate relatively slowly. It is therefore expected to have a weaker magnetic field and to better match the assumptions of theoretical stellar models. Our follow-up observations of this EB yield preliminary stellar properties that suggest it is indeed consistent with current models. If further observations confirm a low level of activity in this system, these determinations would provide support for the hypothesis that the mass-radius discrepancy is at least partly due to magnetic activity. C1 [Devor, Jonathan; Charbonneau, David; Torres, Guillermo; Blake, Cullen H.; Bakos, Gaspar A.; Furesz, Gabor; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [White, Russel J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Rabus, Markus] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. [O'Donovan, Francis T.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mandushev, Georgi] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Devor, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jdevor@cfa.harvard.edu RI Rabus, Markus/B-8029-2009 FU NSF [AST 07-08229]; NASA's MASSIF SIM Key Project [BLF57-04]; NASA; National Science Foundation; W. M. Keck Foundation FX We would like to thank Joel Hartman and Doug Mink for their help in operating a few of the software analysis tools used for this paper, and we would like to thank Sarah Dykstra for her editorial assistance. Valeri Hambaryan provided expert assistance in examining archival ROSAT images of T-Lyr1-17236, for which we are grateful, and we thank the referee for a number of helpful comments that have improved the paper. G. T. acknowledges partial support from NSF grant AST 07-08229 and NASA's MASSIF SIM Key Project (BLF57-04). This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services, as well as the SIMBAD database operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This publication also used data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, and is funded by NASA and the National Science Foundation. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among Caltech, the University of California, and NASA. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. NR 75 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 2 BP 1253 EP 1263 DI 10.1086/592080 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367QG UT WOS:000260566700038 ER PT J AU Mamajek, EE Hillenbrand, LA AF Mamajek, Eric E. Hillenbrand, Lynne A. TI IMPROVED AGE ESTIMATION FOR SOLAR-TYPE DWARFS USING ACTIVITY-ROTATION DIAGNOSTICS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE stars: activity; stars: chromospheres; stars: coronae; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: rotation; X-rays: stars ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SUN-LIKE STARS; X-RAY-EMISSION; LOW-MASS STARS; OPEN CLUSTER M67; CA-II H; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; SCORPIUS OB ASSOCIATION; PLANETARY SYSTEMS FEPS; ALPHA-PERSEI CLUSTER AB While the strong anticorrelation between chromospheric activity and age has led to the common use of the Ca II H and K emission index (R-HK' = L-IIK/L-bol) as an empirical age estimator for solar-type dwarfs, existing activity-age relations produce implausible ages at both high and low activity levels. We have compiled R-HK' data from the literature for young stellar clusters, richly populating for the first time the young end of the activity-age relation. Combining the cluster activity data with modern cluster age estimates and analyzing the color dependence of the chromospheric activity age index, we derive an improved activity-age calibration for F7-K2 dwarfs (0.5 mag < B V < 0.9 mag). We also present a more fundamentally motivated activity-age calibration that relies on conversion of R-HK' values through the Rossby number to rotation periods and then makes use of improved gyrochronology relations. We demonstrate that our new activity-age calibration has typical age precision of similar to 0.2 dex for normal solar-type dwarfs aged between the Hyades and the Sun (similar to 0.6-4.5 Gyr). Inferring ages through activity-rotation- age relations accounts for some color-dependent effects and systematically improves the age estimates (albeit only slightly). We demonstrate that coronal activity as measured through the fractional X-ray luminosity (R-X = L-X/L-bol) has nearly the same age- and rotation-inferring capability as chromospheric activity measured through R-HK'. As a first application of our calibrations, we provide new activity-derived age estimates for a volume-limited sample of the 108 solar-type field dwarfs within 16 pc. C1 [Mamajek, Eric E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hillenbrand, Lynne A.] CALTECH, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Mamajek, EE (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM emamajek@cfa.harvard.edu; lah@astro.caltech.edu NR 172 TC 406 Z9 406 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 2 BP 1264 EP 1293 DI 10.1086/591785 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367QG UT WOS:000260566700039 ER PT J AU Mohanty, S Shu, FH AF Mohanty, Subhanjoy Shu, Frank H. TI MAGNETOCENTRIFUGALLY DRIVEN FLOWS FROM YOUNG STARS AND DISKS. VI. ACCRETION WITH A MULTIPOLE STELLAR FIELD SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars: formation; stars: low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars: pre-main-sequence ID T-TAURI STARS; MAGNETIC NEUTRON-STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; X-WINDS; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; PROPELLER REGIME; INCLINED DIPOLE; BROWN DWARFS; RW AURIGAE AB Previous analyses of magnetospheric accretion and outflow in classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs), within the context of both the X-wind model and other theoretical scenarios, have assumed a dipolar geometry for the stellar magnetic field if it were not perturbed by the presence of an accreting, electrically conducting disk. However, CTTS surveys reveal that accretion hot spots cover a small fraction of the stellar surface and that the net field polarization on the stellar surface is small. Both facts imply that the magnetic field generated by the star has a complex nondipolar structure. To address this discrepancy between theory and observations, we reexamine X-wind theory without the dipole constraint. Using simple physical arguments based on the concept of trapped flux, we show that a dipole configuration is in fact not essential. Independent of the precise geometry of the stellar magnetosphere, the requirement for a certain level of trapped flux predicts a definite relationship among various CTTS observables. Moreover, superposition of multipole stellar fields naturally yield small observed hot spot covering fractions and small net surface polarizations. The generalized X-wind picture remains viable under these conditions, with the outflow from a small annulus near the inner disk edge little affected by the modified geometry, but with inflow highly dependent on the details of how the emergent stellar flux is linked and trapped by the inner disk regions. Our model is consistent with data, including recent spectropolarimetric measurements of the hot spot sizes and field strengths in V2129 Oph and BP Tau. C1 [Mohanty, Subhanjoy] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shu, Frank H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Mohanty, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM smohanty@cfa.harvard.edu NR 90 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 2 BP 1323 EP 1338 DI 10.1086/591924 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367QG UT WOS:000260566700042 ER PT J AU Kashyap, VL Drake, JJ Saar, SH AF Kashyap, Vinay L. Drake, Jeremy J. Saar, Steven H. TI EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS AND X-RAY ACTIVITY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE methods: statistical; planetary systems; stars: activity; stars: magnetic fields; surveys; X-rays: general ID TRANSITING HOT JUPITER; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; TIDALLY INTERACTING BINARIES; METALLICITY-BIASED SEARCH; PRECISE RADIAL-VELOCITIES; SUB-STELLAR COMPANION; SHORT-PERIOD PLANETS; LOW-MASS COMPANIONS; CORALIE SURVEY; HARPS SEARCH AB We have carried out a survey of X-ray emission from stars with giant planets, combining both archival and targeted surveys. Over 230 stars have been currently identified as possessing planets, and roughly one-third of these have been detected in X-rays. We carry out detailed statistical analysis on a volume-limited sample of main-sequence star systems with detected planets, comparing subsamples of stars that have close-in planets with stars that have more distant planets. This analysis reveals strong evidence that stars with close-in giant planets are on average more X-ray active by a factor of approximate to 4 than those with planets that are more distant. This result persists for various sample selections. We find that even after accounting for observational sample bias, a significant residual difference still remains. This observational result is consistent with the hypothesis that giant planets in close proximity to the primary stars influence the stellar magnetic activity. C1 [Kashyap, Vinay L.; Drake, Jeremy J.; Saar, Steven H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kashyap, VL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM vkashyap@cfa.harvard.edu; jdrake@cfa.harvard.edu; ssaar@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA [NNG05GJ63G]; CXC NASA [NAS8-39073]; NASA Origins Program [NAG-10360] FX This research has made use of data obtained through the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center Online Service, provided by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, and of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. We thank Jean Schneider and the Exoplanets Encyclopedia, as well as the Geneva ExtraSolar Planets group for their invaluable online compilation of EGP resources. We also thank Pete Ratzlaff for assistance with computing counts-to-energy conversion factors. This work was supported by NASA grant NNG05GJ63G for XMM GO support and also by CXC NASA contract NAS8-39073 (V. L. K. and J. J. D.). S. H. S. was supported by NASA Origins Program grant NAG-10360. NR 180 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 2 BP 1339 EP 1354 DI 10.1086/591922 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367QG UT WOS:000260566700043 ER PT J AU Guenther, DB Kallinger, T Gruberbauer, M Huber, D Weiss, WW Kuschnig, R Demarque, P Robinson, F Matthews, JM Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, SM Sasselov, D Walker, GAH AF Guenther, D. B. Kallinger, T. Gruberbauer, M. Huber, D. Weiss, W. W. Kuschnig, R. Demarque, P. Robinson, F. Matthews, J. M. Moffat, A. F. J. Rucinski, S. M. Sasselov, D. Walker, G. A. H. TI THE NATURE OF p-MODES AND GRANULATION IN PROCYON: NEW MOST PHOTOMETRY AND NEW YALE CONVECTION MODELS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE convection; stars: individual (Procyon); stars: interiors; stars: oscillations ID OUTER LAYERS; OSCILLATIONS; SPACE; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; AMPLITUDES; STARS; SUN; SIMULATIONS; FREQUENCIES; SEISMOLOGY AB We present new photometry of Procyon, obtained by MOST during a 38 day run in 2007, and frequency analyses of those data. The long time coverage and low point-to-point scatter of the light curve yield an average noise amplitude of about 1.5-2.0 ppm in the frequency range 500-1500 mu Hz. This is half the noise level obtained from each of the previous two Procyon campaigns by MOST in 2004 and 2005. The 2007 MOST amplitude spectrum shows some evidence for p-mode signal: excess power centered near 1000 mu Hz and an autocorrelation signal near 55 mu Hz (suggestive of a mode spacing around that frequency), both consistent with p-mode model predictions. However, we do not see regularly spaced frequencies aligned in common l-valued ridges in echelle diagrams of the most significant peaks in the spectrum unless we select modes from the spectrum using a priori assumptions. The most significant peaks in the spectrum are scattered by more than +/- 5 mu Hz about the predicted l-valued ridges, a value that is consistent with the scatter among individually identified frequencies obtained from ground-based radial velocity (RV) observations. We argue that the observed scatter is intrinsic to the star, due to short lifetimes of the modes and the dynamic structure of Procyon's thin convection zone. We compare the MOST Procyon amplitude and power density spectra with preliminary results of three-dimensional numerical models of convection by the Yale group. These models show that, unlike in the Sun, Procyon's granulation signal in luminosity has a peak coinciding with the expected frequency region for p-modes near 1000 mu Hz. C1 [Guenther, D. B.] St Marys Univ, Inst Computat Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Kallinger, T.; Gruberbauer, M.; Huber, D.; Weiss, W. W.; Kuschnig, R.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Demarque, P.; Robinson, F.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Matthews, J. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Moffat, A. F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Observe Astron Mt Megant, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Rucinski, S. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Sasselov, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Walker, G. A. H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Guenther, DB (reprint author), St Marys Univ, Inst Computat Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; FQRNT (Quebec); Canadian Space Agency; Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG); Austrian Science Fund [FWF P17580]; NASA/ATP [NAG5-13299]; NASA EOS/IDS FX The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada supports the research of D. B. G., J. M. M., A. F. J. M., S. M. R., and G. A. H. W. FQRNT (Quebec) also supports A. F. J. M., and R. K. is supported by the Canadian Space Agency. T. K., M. G., and W. W. W. are supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG), and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF P17580). P. D. and F. J. R. are supported by grant NASA/ATP NAG5-13299 with additional support to F. J. R. from NASA EOS/IDS. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 2 BP 1448 EP 1459 DI 10.1086/592060 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367QG UT WOS:000260566700053 ER PT J AU Chew, DM Magna, T Kirkland, CL Miskovic, A Cardona, A Spikings, R Schaltegger, U AF Chew, David M. Magna, Tomas Kirkland, Christopher L. Miskovic, Aleksandar Cardona, Agustin Spikings, Richard Schaltegger, Urs TI Detrital zircon fingerprint of the Proto-Andes: Evidence for a Neoproterozoic active margin? SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Proto-Andes; Neoproterozoic; Zircon; Provenance; Iapetus ID SIERRAS PAMPEANAS ARGENTINA; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; AMAZON CRATON; SOUTH-AMERICA; BREAK-UP; ICP-MS; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; WESTERN GONDWANA; PERUVIAN ANDES AB Neoproterozoic Palaeogeographic reconstructions of Rodinia conventionally place the western (Proto-Andean) margin of Amazonia against the eastern (Appalachian) margin of Laurentia. Separation and formation of the Iapetus Ocean is generally considered to have occurred later at similar to 550 Ma. We examine the U-Pb detrital zircon "fingerprint" of autochthonous rocks from the northern and central segments of the Proto-Andean margin, which formed part of the western margin of Amazonia during the Late Neoproterozoic-Phanerozoic. The Proto-Andean margin is clearly the most feasible source region for most of the zircon grains, except for a 550-650 Ma sub-population, broadly age-equivalent to the Brasiliano/Pan-African Orogeny in eastern Amazonia. No obvious source for this detritus is known in the northern and central Andes. Derivation from eastern Amazonia is considered unlikely due to the stark paucity of detritus derived from the core of the Amazonian craton. Instead, we propose that a Late Neoproterozoic magmatic belt is buried beneath the present-day Andean belt or Amazon Basin, and was probably covered during the Eocene-Oligocene. If this inferred Neoproterozoic belt was an active margin, it would record the initiation of Proto-Andean subduction and imply at least partial separation of West Gondwana from its conjugate rift margin of eastern Laurentia prior to ca. 650 Ma. This separation may be linked to the ca. 770-680 Ma A-type magmatism found on eastern Laurentia in the southern Appalachians, and on the Proto-Andean margin in the Sierra Pampeanas and the Eastern Cordillera of Peru. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chew, David M.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Geol, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Magna, Tomas] Univ Lausanne, Inst Mineral & Geochem, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Kirkland, Christopher L.] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Lab Isotope Geol, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. [Miskovic, Aleksandar; Spikings, Richard; Schaltegger, Urs] Univ Geneva, Dept Earth Sci, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. [Cardona, Agustin] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Chew, DM (reprint author), Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Geol, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM chewd@tcd.ie RI Chew, David/B-7828-2008; Magna, Tomas/B-9686-2008; Kirkland, Chris/S-3305-2016; OI Chew, David/0000-0002-6940-1035; Kirkland, Chris/0000-0003-3367-8961; Schaltegger, Urs/0000-0003-4404-8607 FU Swiss National Science Foundation FX This study was part-funded by a Swiss National Science Foundation grant awarded to Urs Schaltegger. We are extremely grateful to J. Machare, R. Mucho, A. Sanchez, J. Galdos, A. Zapata, S. Carrasco and R. Mamani of the Geological Survey of Peru (INGEMMET) and C. Moreno of San Marcos University in Lima and for scientific and logistical support during field seasons in Peru. The financial and logistical support of L. Seijas and S.A. Compania Minera Poderosa is also gratefully acknowledged. This is Nordsim publication 215. The Nordsim facility is financed and operated under an agreement between the research councils of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the Geological Survey of Finland and the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Alex Ulianov is acknowledged for maintenance of the LA-ICPMS facility at the University of Lausanne. The careful and insightful reviews of Victor Ramos and Cees van Staal and the comments of editor Peter Cawood have benefited this article and are gratefully acknowledged. NR 96 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 EI 1872-7433 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD NOV 10 PY 2008 VL 167 IS 1-2 BP 186 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.precamres.2008.08.002 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 381QX UT WOS:000261552100010 ER PT J AU Nichols, JD Clarke, JT Cowley, SWH Duval, J Farmer, AJ Gerard, JC Grodent, D Wannawichian, S AF Nichols, J. D. Clarke, J. T. Cowley, S. W. H. Duval, J. Farmer, A. J. Gerard, J. -C. Grodent, D. Wannawichian, S. TI Oscillation of Saturn's southern auroral oval SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROTATION PERIOD; MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; RADIO; IONOSPHERE; PRECIPITATION; VOYAGER-1; EMISSION; BOUNDARY AB Near-planetary-period oscillations in the Cassini plasma and magnetic field data have been observed throughout Saturn's magnetosphere despite the fact that Saturn's internal magnetic field is apparently highly axisymmetric. In addition, the period of the Saturn kilometric radiation has been shown to vary over time. In this paper we present results from the recent Hubble Space Telescope observations of Saturn's southern ultraviolet auroral emission. We show that the center of the auroral oval oscillates with period 10.76 h +/- 0.15 h for both January 2007 and February 2008, i.e., close to the periods determined for oscillations in other magnetospheric phenomena. The motion of the oval center is described for 2007 by an ellipse with semimajor axis similar to 1.4 degrees +/- 0.3 degrees oriented toward similar to 09-21 h LT, eccentricity similar to 0.93, and center offset from the spin axis by similar to 1.8 degrees toward similar to 04 h LT. For 2008 the oscillation is consistent with an ellipse with semimajor axis similar to 2.2 degrees +/- 0.3 degrees oriented toward similar to 09-21 h LT, eccentricity similar to 0.99, and a center offset from the spin axis by similar to 2.2 degrees toward similar to 03 h LT. The motion of the auroral oval is thus highly elliptical in both cases, and the major oscillation axis is oriented toward prenoon/premidnight. This result places an independent constraint on the magnitude of the planet's dipole tilt and may also indicate the presence of an external current system that imposes an asymmetry in the ionospheric field modulated close to the planetary period. C1 [Nichols, J. D.; Clarke, J. T.; Duval, J.; Wannawichian, S.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Nichols, J. D.; Cowley, S. W. H.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Farmer, A. J.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gerard, J. -C.; Grodent, D.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Nichols, Jonathan/F-5764-2010; Clarke, John/C-8644-2013; OI Nichols, Jonathan/0000-0002-8004-6409; GERARD, Jean-Claude/0000-0002-8565-8746 FU NASA [HST-GO-10862.01-A]; Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS); PRODEX Programme; STFC [PP/D002117/1]; Royal Society Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellowship FX This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc. for NASA. Work at Boston was supported during the course of this study by NASA grant HST-GO-10862.01-A from the Space Telescope Science Institute to Boston University. JCG and DG are supported by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS) and the PRODEX Programme managed by the European Space Agency in collaboration with the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office. SWHC was supported by STFC grant PP/D002117/1 and a Royal Society Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellowship. JDN wishes to thank Alex Dessler, Wayne Pryor, Emma Bunce, and Steve Milan for illuminating discussions regarding the oval rotation.; [24] Wolfgang Baumjohann thanks James F. Carbary and Donald Mitchell for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 48 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A11 AR A11205 DI 10.1029/2008JA013444 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 370TR UT WOS:000260786500001 ER PT J AU Arvidson, RE Ruff, SW Morris, RV Ming, DW Crumpler, LS Yen, AS Squyres, SW Sullivan, RJ Bell, JF Cabrol, NA Clark, BC Farrand, WH Gellert, R Greenberger, R Grant, JA Guinness, EA Herkenhoff, KE Hurowitz, JA Johnson, JR Klingelhofer, G Lewis, KW Li, R McCoy, TJ Moersch, J McSween, HY Murchie, SL Schmidt, M Schroder, C Wang, A Wiseman, S Madsen, MB Goetz, W McLennan, SM AF Arvidson, R. E. Ruff, S. W. Morris, R. V. Ming, D. W. Crumpler, L. S. Yen, A. S. Squyres, S. W. Sullivan, R. J. Bell, J. F., III Cabrol, N. A. Clark, B. C. Farrand, W. H. Gellert, R. Greenberger, R. Grant, J. A. Guinness, E. A. Herkenhoff, K. E. Hurowitz, J. A. Johnson, J. R. Klingelhoefer, G. Lewis, K. W. Li, R. McCoy, T. J. Moersch, J. McSween, H. Y. Murchie, S. L. Schmidt, M. Schroeder, C. Wang, A. Wiseman, S. Madsen, M. B. Goetz, W. McLennan, S. M. TI Spirit Mars Rover Mission to the Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater: Mission overview and selected results from the Cumberland Ridge to Home Plate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; SOILS; REFLECTANCE; TEPHRA; ROCKS AB This paper summarizes the Spirit rover operations in the Columbia Hills of Gusev Crater from sols 513 to 1476 and provides an overview of selected findings that focus on synergistic use of the Athena Payload and comparisons to orbital data. Results include discovery of outcrops (Voltaire) on Husband Hill that are interpreted to be altered impact melt deposits that incorporated local materials during emplacement. Evidence for extensive volcanic activity and aqueous alteration in the Inner Basin is also detailed, including discovery and characterization of accretionary lapilli and formation of sulfate, silica, and hematite-rich deposits. Use of Spirit's data to understand the range of spectral signatures observed over the Columbia Hills by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer (CRISM) hyperspectral imager (0.4-4 mu m) is summarized. We show that CRISM spectra are controlled by the proportion of ferric-rich dust to ferrous-bearing igneous minerals exposed in ripples and other windblown deposits. The evidence for aqueous alteration derived from Spirit's data is associated with outcrops that are too small to be detected from orbital observations or with materials exposed from the shallow subsurface during rover activities. Although orbital observations show many other locations on Mars with evidence for minerals formed or altered in an aqueous environment, Spirit's data imply that the older crust of Mars has been altered even more extensively than evident from orbital data. This result greatly increases the potential that the surface or shallow subsurface was once a habitable regime. C1 [Arvidson, R. E.; Greenberger, R.; Guinness, E. A.; Wang, A.; Wiseman, S.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Squyres, S. W.; Sullivan, R. J.; Bell, J. F., III] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Clark, B. C.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80125 USA. [Cabrol, N. A.] NASA, Ames SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Crumpler, L. S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Farrand, W. H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Goetz, W.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Grant, J. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Herkenhoff, K. E.; Johnson, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Yen, A. S.; Hurowitz, J. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Klingelhoefer, G.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Lewis, K. W.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Li, R.; Schmidt, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Madsen, M. B.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [McCoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [McLennan, S. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Moersch, J.; McSween, H. Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Morris, R. V.; Ming, D. W.; Schroeder, C.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Murchie, S. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Ruff, S. W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Arvidson, RE (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM arvidson@rsmail.wustl.edu RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Lewis, Kevin/E-5557-2012; Madsen, Morten/D-2082-2011; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; Madsen, Morten/0000-0001-8909-5111; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Greenberger, Rebecca/0000-0003-1583-0261 FU Johnson Space Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities; NASA FX We thank the capable team of engineers and scientists who made the Spirit mission possible, and we thank NASA for its support of our endeavors and the HiRISE, CTX, and CRISM teams who worked to acquire, process, and release the orbital data used in this study. We also thank Bethany Ehlmann and Horton Newsom for thoughtful reviews. C. S. specifically acknowledges support by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Johnson Space Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. NR 48 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 6 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E12 AR E12S33 DI 10.1029/2008JE003183 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 370UB UT WOS:000260787500003 ER PT J AU Treguier, E d'Uston, C Pinet, PC Berger, G Toplis, MJ McCoy, TJ Gellert, R Brucker, J AF Treguier, Erwan d'Uston, Claude Pinet, Patrick C. Berger, Gilles Toplis, Michael J. McCoy, Timothy J. Gellert, Ralf Bruecker, Johannes TI Overview of Mars surface geochemical diversity through Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer data multidimensional analysis: First attempt at modeling rock alteration SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID BAYESIAN PROBABILISTIC CLASSIFICATION; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; GUSEV CRATER; BURNS FORMATION; CHEMISTRY; DIAGENESIS; CLEMENTINE; SOILS AB Principal component analysis and a hierarchical clustering method have been employed to describe and quantify the compositional variability of Martian rocks and soils measured by the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometers onboard the Mars Exploration Rovers. A robust classification of samples emerges which defines distinct rock classes and sheds light on the petrogenetic relationships between rocks. This is particularly useful in the case of rocks from Gusev Crater, where significant chemical diversity is observed. This approach also highlights that compositional variability of rocks at Meridiani is dominated by variations in sulfur content; the relative proportions of other elements remaining approximately constant. For soils, variations in Fe concentration dominate because of the presence of hematite-rich "berry''-bearing samples. On the basis of this observation, a simple geochemical model of acid fog alteration of Martian basalts has been tested, assuming either equivalent alteration of all phases or preferential alteration of certain phases (thus taking into account kinetic considerations). The results show that for certain ranges of SO3/basalt, many of the compositional and mineralogical features measured at both sites may be explained. The secondary mineralogy and bulk rock compositions predicted by the model are broadly consistent with rock and soil compositions from Gusev and Meridiani, especially if the role of brine circulation and evaporation are considered. Although agreement is not perfect, comparison of observations and models argues in favor of variable interaction of the Martian surface with sour gas, explaining the high local abundance of sulfates, for example. C1 [Treguier, Erwan; d'Uston, Claude] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, OMP, F-31028 Toulouse, France. [Berger, Gilles] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Etude Mecanismes Transfert Geol, OMP, CNRS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Bruecker, Johannes] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Gellert, Ralf] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [McCoy, Timothy J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Treguier, E (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, OMP, 9 Ave Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse, France. EM erwan.treguier@gmail.com RI BERGER, Gilles/F-7118-2016; OI Treguier, Erwan/0000-0002-7347-2805 FU Max Planck Society; German Space Agency (DLR) FX We thank the scientists and engineers of the MER project who enable daily science observations at the Spirit and Opportunity landing sites. The APXS was funded by the Max Planck Society and by the German Space Agency (DLR). We also acknowledge the support of the Programme National de Planetologie and the French Space Agency (CNES). We gratefully thank Edward A. Guinness and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments that enabled significant improvements to this paper. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 6 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E12 AR E12S34 DI 10.1029/2007JE003010 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 370UB UT WOS:000260787500001 ER PT J AU Owen, RB Potts, R Behrensmeyer, AK Ditchfield, P AF Owen, R. Bernhart Potts, Richard Behrensmeyer, Anna K. Ditchfield, Peter TI Diatomaceous sediments and environmental change in the Pleistocene Olorgesailie Formation, southern Kenya Rift Valley SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Olorgesailie; Diatoms; Sedimentation; Paleosols; Paleoenvironments; Hominins ID EAST-AFRICAN CLIMATE; HUMAN-EVOLUTION; LAKE ABIYATA; DIATOMS; RECORD; ETHIOPIA; TANZANIA; HISTORY; UGANDA; ORIGIN AB The Olorgesailie Formation is comprised of lacustrine, volcaniclastic and alluvial sediments that formed in the southern Kenya Rift between about 1.2 million and 490,000 years ago. Diatoms are common in much of the sequence and preserve a record of environmental change within the basin. A high-resolution diatom stratigraphy has been developed for these deposits. The data document the presence of freshwater and saline lakes as well as wetlands. Transfer functions indicate that these water bodies ranged in conductivity between about 200-20,000 mu S cm(-1), with pH varying between about 7.5 and 10.3. Pedogenesis affected multiple horizons within the succession, reflecting periods of emergence that encompass much of the time represented by the Olorgesailie Formation. A variety of other sedimentological indicators (carbonates, rhizoliths, mudcracks, erosional channels) also record periods when the sampled portions of the basin were dominated by terrestrial conditions. Stone tools are common at several levels, indicating the use of the area by hominins. Lakes and wetlands were potentially usable as sources of potable water by hominins for part of the basin history, but at other times were undrinkable. Other water sources (springs, rivers) would have been necessary during these periods. Paleoenvironments in the basin were complex and changed frequently with time. Such shifts in resources and habitat distribution during Olorgesailie Formation time seem likely to have influenced the behavior and evolution of local plant and animal populations, including Homo. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Owen, R. Bernhart] Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Geog, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Potts, Richard] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Potts, Richard] Natl Museums Kenya, Dept Earth Sci, Paleontol Sect, Nairobi, Kenya. [Behrensmeyer, Anna K.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ditchfield, Peter] Univ Oxford, Archaeol & Hist Art Res Lab, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. RP Owen, RB (reprint author), Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Geog, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM owen@hkbu.edu.hk; pottsr@si.edu; behrensa@si.edu; peter.ditchfield@rlaha.ox.ac.uk OI Owen, Richard Bernhart/0000-0001-5267-5366 FU National Museums of Kenya (NMK); NMK Paleontology Section, Department of Earth Sciences; Research Grant Council of Hong Kong [201306]; Hong Kong Baptist University [FRG/05-06/II-50]; National Science Foundation [0218511]; Smithsonian Human Origin Program FX The authors would like to thank the National Museums of Kenya (NMK) and the NMK Paleontology Section, Department of Earth Sciences, for their permission and support of the Olorgesailie project, which is a collaborative project of the NMK and the Smithsonian Institution. Funding for RBO was provided by the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong (grant 201306) and by the Hong Kong Baptist University (FRG/05-06/II-50). Funding of the field research was given by the National Science Foundation (HOMINID grant 0218511) and the Smithsonian Human Origin Program. We thank Muted Nume for his leadership of the Olorgesailie excavation crew. We also thank Thomas Jorstad, Musyoka Kilonzi, Muteti Nume, and James Rossi for their assistance in collecting the sediment samples studied here, and Jennifer Clark for assistance in managing the stratigraphic logs and aerial photographs for the project. NR 98 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV 4 PY 2008 VL 269 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.06.021 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 374DN UT WOS:000261022900002 ER PT J AU Lopez, OR Farris-Lopez, K Montgomery, RA Givnish, TJ AF Lopez, Omar R. Farris-Lopez, Krista Montgomery, Rebecca A. Givnish, Thomas J. TI LEAF PHENOLOGY IN RELATION TO CANOPY CLOSURE IN SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN TREES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE bud break; canopy closure; early leafing; environmental gradient; freezing; leaf flush; light gains; photon flux density; shade tolerance ID TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; GREAT-SMOKY MOUNTAINS; SHADE TOLERANCE; CARBON GAIN; RAIN-FOREST; LIGHT GRADIENT; GAS-EXCHANGE; WOODY-PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY AB Leaf phenology varies markedly across tree species of temperate deciduous forests. Early leafing in spring may increase light capture and carbon gain prior to canopy closure, allowing saplings to survive in understory sites deeply shaded in midsummer. We quantified sapling leaf phenology for 18 tree species and seasonal variation in understory light availability at three sites along a ridge-slope-cove landform gradient in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Early leafing, species (e.g.. Aesculus flava, Carpinus caroliniana) broke bud an average of 24 d before late leafers (e.g., Magnolia fraseri, Nyssa sylvatica). Canopy closure occured 14-18 d earlier and summer understory light was on average 63-74% lower on intermediate and mesic sites than on the xeric site. Early leafing-species intercepted 45-80% of their growing season photon flux before canopy closure vs. 8-15% for late leafers. However, earlier leafing increased exposure to freezing temperatures by 5.5% per week near the mean time of bud break. Early leafing is strongly correlated with midsummer shade, risk of freezing temperatures, and distribution on mesic sites across a "main spectrum" of 15 deciduous species. Differences in leaf phenology and resultant impacts on spring carbon gain may help determine tree shade tolerance and distribution in southern Appalachian forests. C1 [Lopez, Omar R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Lopez, Omar R.; Farris-Lopez, Krista; Givnish, Thomas J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Montgomery, Rebecca A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lopez, OR (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM prioria@yahoo.com RI Montgomery, Rebecca/J-5774-2013 OI Montgomery, Rebecca/0000-0002-4131-1847 FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation FX This research was made possible by a generous grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and by logistical support provided by the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The authors thank K. Elliot for tier expertise in drafting the figures. NR 99 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 52 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1395 EP 1407 DI 10.3732/ajb.0800104 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 369YU UT WOS:000260730600005 PM 21628147 ER PT J AU Hazen, RM Papineau, D Leeker, WB Downs, RT Ferry, JM McCoy, TJ Sverjensky, DA Yang, HX AF Hazen, Robert M. Papineau, Dominic Leeker, Wouter B. Downs, Robert T. Ferry, John M. McCoy, Timothy J. Sverjensky, Dimitri A. Yang, Hexiong TI Mineral evolution SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Review DE Pre-solar minerals; meteorite minerals; biominerals; organominerals; teaching mineralogy ID BANDED IRON-FORMATIONS; BILLION YEARS AGO; ISUA SUPRACRUSTAL BELT; ARCHEAN SULFUR CYCLE; PROTEROZOIC OCEAN CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANSITION-METAL SULFIDES; LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCE; TRACE-ELEMENT EVIDENCE; GREAT OXIDATION EVENT AB The mineralogy of terrestrial planets evolves as a consequence of a range of physical, chemical, and biological processes. In pre-stellar molecular clouds, widely dispersed microscopic dust particles contain approximately a dozen refractory minerals that represent the starting point of planetary mineral evolution. Gravitational clumping into a protoplanetary disk, star formation, and the resultant heating in the stellar nebula produce primary refractory constituents of chondritic meteorites, including chondrules and calcium-aluminum inclusions, with similar to 60 different mineral phases. Subsequent aqueous and thermal alteration of chondrites, asteroidal accretion and differentiation, and the consequent formation of achondrites results in a mineralogical repertoire limited to similar to 250 different minerals found in unweathered meteorite samples. Following planetary accretion and differentiation, the initial mineral evolution of Earth's crust depended on a sequence of geochemical and petrologic processes, including volcanism and degassing, fractional crystallization, crystal settling, assimilation reactions, regional and contact metamorphism, plate tectonics, and associated large-scale fluid-rock interactions, These processes produced the first continents with their associated granitoids and pegmatites, hydrothermal ore deposits, metamorphic terrains, evaporites, and zones of surface weathering, and resulted in an estimated 1500 different mineral species. According to some origin-of-life scenarios, a planet must progress through at least some of these stages of chemical processing as a prerequisite for life. Biological processes began to affect Earth's surface mineralogy by the Eoarchean Era (similar to 3.85-3.6 Ga), when large-scale Surface mineral deposits, including banded iron formations, were precipitated under the influences of changing atmospheric and ocean chemistry. The Paleoproterozoic "Great Oxidation Event" (similar to 2.2 to 2.0 Ga), when atmospheric oxygen may have risen to >1% of modern levels, and the Neoproterozoic increase in atmospheric oxygen, which followed several major glaciation events, ultimately gave rise to multicellular life and skeletal biomineralization and irreversibly transformed Earth's surface mineralogy. Biochemical processes may thus be responsible, directly or indirectly, for most of Earth's 4300 known mineral species. The stages of mineral evolution arise from three primary mechanisms: (1) the progressive separation and concentration of the elements from their original relatively uniform distribution in the pre-solar nebula; (2) an increase in range of intensive variables such as pressure, temperature, and the activities of H2O, CO2, and O-2; and (3) the generation of far-from-equilibrium conditions by living systems. The sequential evolution of Earth's mineralogy from chondritic simplicity to Phanerozoic complexity introduces the dimension of geologic time to mineralogy and thus provides a dynamic alternate approach to framing, and to teaching, the mineral sciences. C1 [Hazen, Robert M.; Papineau, Dominic] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Leeker, Wouter B.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A OE8, Canada. [Downs, Robert T.; Yang, Hexiong] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ferry, John M.; Sverjensky, Dimitri A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [McCoy, Timothy J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hazen, RM (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM rhazen@ciw.edu RI Sverjensky, Dimitri/A-4612-2017 FU NASA's Astrobiology Institute; National Science Foundation; Carnegie Institution FX We are grateful to H.J. Cleaves, W.G. Ernst, P. Heaney, R. Hemley, C. Klein, S. Mojzsis, C.T. Prewitt, D. Rumble, P. Silver, and M. Van Kranendonk for in-depth reviews of this manuscript. We also thank C.M. O'D. Alexander, A. Bekker, N. Boctor, J. Eigenbrode, M. Fogel, M. Fries, M. Krekeler, B. Marsh, H. Morowitz, B. Mysen, L. Nittler, S. Ono, S. Shirey, S. Solomon, A. Steele, and M. Zolensky for helpful comments and suggestions. This work was supported in part by grants from NASA's Astrobiology Institute and the National Science Foundation, and by the continuing support of the Carnegie Institution. NR 397 TC 174 Z9 182 U1 15 U2 166 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 93 IS 11-12 BP 1693 EP 1720 DI 10.2138/am.2008.2955 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 374VT UT WOS:000261072500001 ER PT J AU Castro, JM Beck, P Tuffen, H Nichols, ARL Dingwell, DB Martin, MC AF Castro, Jonathan M. Beck, Pierre Tuffen, Hugh Nichols, Alexander R. L. Dingwell, Donald B. Martin, Michael C. TI Timescales of spherulite crystallization in obsidian inferred from water concentration profiles SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Spherulite; diffusion; obsidian; crystallization ID RHYOLITIC GLASSES; DIFFUSION; GROWTH; CALIBRATION; TEXTURES; ASCENT; FLOWS; MAGMA; MELTS; DOME AB We determined the kinetics of spherulite growth in obsidians from Krafla volcano, Iceland. We measured water concentration profiles around spherulites in obsidian by synchrotron Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The distribution of OH- groups surrounding spherulites decreases exponentially away from the spherulite-glass border, reflecting expulsion of water during crystallization of an anhydrous paragenesis (plagioclase + SiO2+ clinopyroxene + magnetite). This pattern is controlled by a balance between the growth rate of the spherulites and the diffusivity of hydrous solute in the rhyolitic melt. We modeled advective and diffusive transport of the water away from the growing spherulites by numerically solving the diffusion equation with a moving boundary. Numerical models fit the natural data best when a small amount of post-growth diffusion is incorporated in the model. Comparisons between models and data constrain the average spherulite growth rates for different temperatures and highlight size-dependent growth among a small population of spherulites. C1 [Castro, Jonathan M.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Beck, Pierre] Lab Planetol Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Tuffen, Hugh] Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Nichols, Alexander R. L.] JAMSTEC, Inst Res Earth Evolut IFREE, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Dingwell, Donald B.] LMU Univ Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Martin, Michael C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Castro, JM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, MRC-119, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM castroj@si.edu RI Tuffen, Hugh/A-5388-2009; Wallace Auerbach, Leslie/A-4606-2011; Beck, Pierre/F-3149-2011; Dingwell, Donald/A-4724-2011; OI Dingwell, Donald/0000-0002-3332-789X; Nichols, Alexander/0000-0002-8298-2882 FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX This research was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. The comments of Yan Liang, Samuel E. Swanson, and Don Baker are wholeheartedly appreciated. NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 20 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 93 IS 11-12 BP 1816 EP 1822 DI 10.2138/am.2008.2904 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 374VT UT WOS:000261072500009 ER PT J AU Gaillou, E Fritsch, E Aguilar-Reyes, B Rondeau, B Post, J Barreau, A Ostroumov, M AF Gaillou, Eloise Fritsch, Emmanuel Aguilar-Reyes, Bertha Rondeau, Benjamin Post, Jeffrey Barreau, Alain Ostroumov, Mikhail TI Common gem opal: An investigation of micro- to nano-structure SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Opal-A; opal-CT; common opal; structure; SEM; nanograin ID DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; SILICA MINERALS; PRECIOUS OPAL; NANOSTRUCTURE; DIAGENESIS; ORIGIN; MEXICO AB The microstructure of nearly 200 common gem opal-A and opal-CT samples from worldwide localities was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These opals do not show play-of-color, but are valued in the gem market for their intrinsic body color. Common opal-AG and opal-CT are primarily built from nanograins that average similar to 25 run in diameter. Only opal-AN has a texture similar to that of glass. In opal-AG, nanograins arrange into spheres that have successive concentric layers, or in some cases, radial structures. Common opal does not diffract light because its spheres exhibit a range of sizes, are imperfectly shaped, are too large or too small, or are not well ordered. Opal-AG spheres are typically cemented by non-ordered nanograins, which likely result from late stage fluid deposition. In opal-CT, nanograins have different degrees of ordering, ranging from none (aggregation of individual nanograins), to an intermediate stage in which they form tablets or platelets, to the formation of lepispheres. When the structure is built of lepispheres, they are generally cemented by non-ordered nanograins. The degree of nanograin ordering may depend on the growth or deposition rate imposed by the properties of the gel from which opal settles, presumably, fast for non-ordered nanograin structures in opal-CT to slow for the concentric arrangement of nanograins in the spheres of opal-AG. C1 [Gaillou, Eloise; Fritsch, Emmanuel; Rondeau, Benjamin; Barreau, Alain] Nantes Atlantique Univ, Univ Nantes, CNRS, Inst Mat Jean Rouxel IMN,UMR 6502, F-44000 Nantes, France. [Gaillou, Eloise; Post, Jeffrey] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Aguilar-Reyes, Bertha; Ostroumov, Mikhail] Univ Michoacan San Nicolas Hidalgo, Morelia 58000, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Gaillou, E (reprint author), Nantes Atlantique Univ, Univ Nantes, CNRS, Inst Mat Jean Rouxel IMN,UMR 6502, 2 Rue Houssiniere,BP 32229, F-44000 Nantes, France. EM gailloue@si.edu RI Gaillou, Eloise/D-1753-2009 OI Gaillou, Eloise/0000-0002-7949-268X FU ECOS [M98P02] FX The authors are grateful to ECOS contract number M98P02 for financial support. We thank Deocleciano Bittencourt Rosa, Francois Champreux, Jean-Pierre Gauthier, Susan Hendrickson, Jaroslav Hyrsl, Yves Lulzac, Francesco Mazzero, Sadao and Satochi Mochizuki, Blanca Mocquet, Juergen Schuetz, Cedric Simonet, Gerhard Niedermayer, Mark Tremonti, and Alexandre Wolkonsky, who provided information and samples. We also wish to thank the anonymous reviewers and the editors Laurence Garvie and Robert Dymek for their useful comments, which help to improve the clarity of the document. NR 45 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 27 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 93 IS 11-12 BP 1865 EP 1873 DI 10.2138/am.2008.2518 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 374VT UT WOS:000261072500016 ER PT J AU Fischer, TB Heaney, PJ Jang, JH Ross, DE Brantley, SL Post, JE Tien, M AF Fischer, Timothy B. Heaney, Peter J. Jang, Je-Hun Ross, Daniel E. Brantley, Susan L. Post, Jeffrey E. Tien, Ming TI Continuous time-resolved X-ray diffraction of the biocatalyzed reduction of Mn oxide SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Mn oxide; biological-mineral interactions; time-resolved XRD; birnessite; rhodochrosite; hausmannite ID SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS; MEMBRANE-FRACTIONS; OXIDATION; IRON; METABOLISM; BACTERIUM; MANGANESE; SULFUR; SPORES AB Here we report the first continuous time-resolved X-ray diffraction analysis of a biologically mediated mineral reaction. We incubated total membrane (TM) fractions of the facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis, in an anoxic environmental reaction cell with formate (as electron donor via formate dehydrogenase) and powdered birnessite, a layered Mn-3+,Mn-4+ oxide common to many soils. Using both synchrotron and conventional X-ray sources, we irradiated the reaction mixtures for up to two weeks and observed bioreduction and dissolution of birnessite and the concomitant precipitation of rhodochrosite [Mn2+CO3] and hausmannite [Mn2+Mn23+O4]. The high time resolution of these experiments documented systematic changes in crystal structure during the breakdown of birnessite and the emergence of nanocarystalline rhodochrosite. In addition, the relative abundances of birnessite and rhodochrosite were quantified over time for different concentrations of TM fraction, allowing for the determination of rate equations that govern this bioreaction. Importantly, constant irradiation for two weeks did not stop the enzymatic reaction, suggesting that enzymes may be more resilient than whole cells when exposed to X-ray radiation. C1 [Fischer, Timothy B.; Heaney, Peter J.; Brantley, Susan L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jang, Je-Hun] Penn State Univ, Penn State Inst Energy & Environm, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ross, Daniel E.; Tien, Ming] Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Post, Jeffrey E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Fischer, TB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tfischer@geosc.psu.edu FU NSF [EAR04-17741]; Biogeochemical Research Initiative for Education (BRIE); NSF IGERT [DGE-9972759]; NSF-and DOE-sponsored Environmental Molecular Science Institute [CHE-0431328]; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; [Center for Environmental Kinetics Analysis (CEKA)] FX Funding for this research was provided the following grants: NSF grant EAR04-17741; the Biogeochemical Research Initiative for Education (BRIE), an NSF IGERT grant (DGE-9972759); the Center for Environmental Kinetics Analysis (CEKA), an NSF-and DOE-sponsored Environmental Molecular Science Institute (NSF CHE-0431328). This research was carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 93 IS 11-12 BP 1929 EP 1932 DI 10.2138/am.2008.3038 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 374VT UT WOS:000261072500024 ER PT J AU Rota, J Wagner, DL AF Rota, Jadranka Wagner, David L. TI Wormholes, sensory nets and hypertrophied tactile setae: the extraordinary defence strategies of Brenthia caterpillars SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE Brenthia monolychna; Brenthia pavonacella; Choreutidae; defensive behaviour; escape hole; Microlepidoptera; SD1 setae ID PARASITES AB Metalmark moth larvae in the genus Brenthia ( Lepidoptera: Choreutidae) live beneath gauzy web shelters spun over a leaf surface and chew an escape hole into the floor of their nests through which they dart when alarmed. We provide a video and data showing that these larvae, when their webs are disturbed, shoot through their wormhole to the opposite side of the leaf at extremely high speeds: the fastest caterpillar passed through to the opposite leaf surface in only 100 ms. Experimental data show that Brenthia larvae use their silken web shelters as an extension of their sensory system. Although such usage of webbing is not surprising given what is known about spider webs, this is the first time such a behaviour has been shown to occur in Lepidoptera. Two grossly hypertrophied abdominal setae, directed behind the body, are not pulled through the wormhole, but instead remain intercalated into the silken lattice of the web shelter. By leaving the two setae engaged, the caterpillar is able to monitor both sides of its host leaf simultaneously. We report analogous escape hole behaviours in four other microlepidopteran families: Elachistidae, Gelechiidae, Oecophoridae and Pyralidae. In at least one genus of the latter family (Monoloxis), two caudally directed abdominal setae are hypertrophied in the same fashion as in Brenthia. We suspect that both escape holes and hypertrophied abdominal setae are more common and taxonomically widespread than presently recognized and that both 'strategies' will be shown to occur among other microlepidopterans. (C) 2008 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rota, Jadranka; Wagner, David L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Rota, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 105, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM rotaj@si.edu RI Rota, Jadranka/C-6702-2011 OI Rota, Jadranka/0000-0003-0220-3920 FU University of Connecticut, Department of Ecology; Evolutionary Biology and Connecticut State Museum of Natural History; ALAS; National Science Foundation [DEB-0072702]; National Geographic Society [7331-02, 7751-04] FX Annette Aiello was generous with images, unpublished notes and encouragement, and she supplied helpful commentary on an earlier version of the manuscript. John Lill and Steve Passoa supplied details on the biology of Trypanisma. Hennig von Schmeling and Giff Beaton helped gather the Brenthia pavonacella larvae. Grant Gentry identified the host plant of B. monolychna. OTS 20031 course coordinators and participants helped with the B. monolychna experiments. Comments from Deane Bowers and an anonymous referee on earlier versions of the manuscript were very helpful. This work was funded in part by an award to J.R. from the Slater Endowment (University of Connecticut, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Connecticut State Museum of Natural History) and from the ALAS project (PIs: Robert K. Colwell, John T. Longino et al., National Science Foundation grant DEB-0072702 and National Geographic Society grants 7331-02 and 7751-04). NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 76 BP 1709 EP 1713 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.06.024 PN 5 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 361HH UT WOS:000260118100028 ER PT J AU Noble, MW Rust, DM Bernasconi, PN Pasachoff, JM Babcock, BA Bruck, MA AF Noble, Matthew W. Rust, David M. Bernasconi, Pietro N. Pasachoff, Jay M. Babcock, Bryce A. Bruck, Megan A. TI Observing the solar corona with a tunable Fabry-Perot filter SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st North American Symposium, on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy CY OCT 08-10, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP Mississippi State Univ ID 1983 INDONESIAN ECLIPSE; LINES AB A solid Fabry-Perot etalon with a 0.16 angstrom passband was used during the 180 s solar eclipse of 2006 for rapid scans of an emission line of the solar corona. The etalon was a Y-cut lithium niobate wafer coated with reflective and conductive (ITO) layers. Voltage applied perpendicular to the etalon face produced a passband shift of 0.0011 angstrom V-1. During the eclipse, 18 filtergrams were obtained at six 0.22 angstrom steps across the profile of the forbidden [Fe X] spectral emission line at 6374.4 angstrom which results from the 10(6) K coronal plasma. The 9.3 x 9.3 arcmin field of view showed the structure of the corona above a newly emerged sunspot region. We discuss tests performed on the etalon before and after the eclipse. We also discuss the coronal observations, which show some features with 10 km s(-1) velocities in the line of sight. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Noble, Matthew W.; Rust, David M.; Bernasconi, Pietro N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Pasachoff, Jay M.; Babcock, Bryce A.; Bruck, Megan A.] Williams Coll, Hopkins Observ, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. [Pasachoff, Jay M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bruck, Megan A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rust, DM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM dmrust@comcast.net RI Bernasconi, Pietro/H-2224-2016 OI Bernasconi, Pietro/0000-0002-0787-8954 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 31 BP 5744 EP 5749 DI 10.1364/AO.47.005744 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 374AD UT WOS:000261013700025 PM 19122714 ER PT J AU Meggers, BJ AF Meggers, Betty J. TI Slashed and Burned SO ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Latin Amer Archaeol Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Meggers, BJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Latin Amer Archaeol Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ARCHAEOLOGICAL INST AMERICA PI BOSTON PA 656 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 0003-8113 J9 ARCHAEOLOGY JI Archaeology PD NOV-DEC PY 2008 VL 61 IS 6 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 359XB UT WOS:000260020500003 ER PT J AU Covey, KR Hawley, SL Bochanski, JJ West, AA Reid, IN Golimowski, DA Davenport, JRA Henry, T Uomoto, A Holtzman, JA AF Covey, Kevin R. Hawley, Suzanne L. Bochanski, John J. West, Andrew A. Reid, I. Neill Golimowski, David A. Davenport, James R. A. Henry, Todd Uomoto, Alan Holtzman, Jon A. TI THE LUMINOSITY AND MASS FUNCTIONS OF LOW-MASS STARS IN THE GALACTIC DISK. I. THE CALIBRATION REGION SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: stellar content; stars: late-type; stars: low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars: luminosity function, mass function; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; QUANTITATIVE SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; 2.5 MU-M; DATA RELEASE; COOL STARS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; BROWN DWARFS; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; STELLAR EVOLUTION AB We present measurements of the luminosity and mass functions of low-mass stars constructed from a catalog of matched Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) detections. This photometric catalog contains more than 25,000 matched SDSS and 2MASS point sources spanning similar to 30 deg(2) on the sky. We have obtained follow-up spectroscopy, complete to J = 16, of more than 500 low-mass dwarf candidates within a 1 deg2 subsample, and thousands of additional dwarf candidates in the remaining 29 deg2. This spectroscopic sample verifies that the photometric sample is complete, uncontaminated, and unbiased at the 99% level globally, and at the 95% level in each color range. We use this sample to derive the luminosity and mass functions of low-mass stars over nearly a decade in mass (0.7 M-circle dot > M-* > 0.1 M-circle dot). The luminosity function of the Galactic disk is statistically consistent with that measured from volume-complete samples in the solar neighborhood. We find that the logarithmically binned mass function is best fit with an M-c = 0.29 log-normal distribution, with a 90% confidence interval of M-c = 0.20-0.50. These 90% confidence intervals correspond to linearly binned mass functions peaking between 0.27 M-circle dot and 0.12 M-circle dot, where the best fit MF turns over at 0.17 M-circle dot. A power-law fit to the entire mass range sampled here, however, returns a best fit of alpha = 1.1 (where the Salpeter slope is alpha = 2.35); a broken power law returns alpha = 2.04 at masses greater than log M = -0.5 (M = 0.32 M-circle dot), and alpha = 0.2 at lower masses. These results agree well with most previous investigations, though differences in the analytic formalisms adopted to describe those mass functions, as well as the range over which the data are fit, can give the false impression of disagreement. Given the richness of modern-day astronomical data sets, we are entering the regime whereby stronger conclusions can be drawn by comparing the actual datapoints measured in different mass functions, rather than the results of analytic analyses that impose structure on the data a priori. Having validated this method to generate a low-mass luminosity function from matched SDSS/2MASS data sets, future studies will extend this technique to the entirety of the SDSS footprint. C1 [Covey, Kevin R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hawley, Suzanne L.; Bochanski, John J.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [West, Andrew A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reid, I. Neill] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Golimowski, David A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Davenport, James R. A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Henry, Todd] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Uomoto, Alan] Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA USA. [Holtzman, Jon A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Covey, KR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS-72,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kcovey@cfa.harvard.edu RI West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; OI Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797; Davenport, James/0000-0002-0637-835X NR 96 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1778 EP 1798 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/5/1778 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 361MT UT WOS:000260132500003 ER PT J AU Strader, J Smith, GH AF Strader, Jay Smith, Graeme H. TI THE ORIGIN OF THE BLUE TILT IN EXTRAGALACTIC GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEMS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: star clusters; globular clusters: general ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; SELF-ENRICHMENT; OMEGA-CENTAURI; GALACTIC HALO; MILKY-WAY; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; DWARF GALAXIES; STAR-CLUSTERS; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION AB Some early-type galaxies show a correlation between color and integrated magnitude among the brighter metal-poor globular clusters (GCs). This phenomenon, known as the blue tilt, implies a mass-metallicity relationship among these clusters. In this paper, we show that self-enrichment in GCs can explain several aspects of the blue tilt and discuss predictions of this scenario. C1 [Strader, Jay] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Smith, Graeme H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Strader, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jstrader@cfa.harvard.edu; graeme@ucolick.org OI Strader, Jay/0000-0002-1468-9668 FU National Science Foundation [AST-0507729, AST-0406988] FX We acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation through Grants AST-0507729 and AST-0406988. J.S. was supported by NASA through a Hubble Fellowship. We thank A. Dupree and L. Chomiuk for useful comments. The final version of the paper owes a considerable debt to the efforts of an anonymous referee. NR 64 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1828 EP 1836 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/5/1828 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 361MT UT WOS:000260132500007 ER PT J AU Lee, YS Beers, TC Sivarani, T Prieto, CA Koesterke, L Wilhelm, R Fiorentin, PR Bailer-Jones, CAL Norris, JE Rockosi, CM Yanny, B Newberg, HJ Covey, KR Zhang, HT Luo, AL AF Lee, Young Sun Beers, Timothy C. Sivarani, Thirupathi Prieto, Carlos Allende Koesterke, Lars Wilhelm, Ronald Fiorentin, Paola Re Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L. Norris, John E. Rockosi, Constance M. Yanny, Brian Newberg, Heidi J. Covey, Kevin R. Zhang, Hao-Tong Luo, A. -Li TI THE SEGUE STELLAR PARAMETER PIPELINE. I. DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISON OF INDIVIDUAL METHODS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; stars: abundances; stars: fundamental parameters; surveys; techniques: spectroscopic ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; INFRARED CAII TRIPLET; LOW METAL ABUNDANCE; DATA RELEASE; MILKY-WAY; ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS; EMPIRICAL CALIBRATION; GALACTIC HALO; STARS; SPECTRA AB We describe the development and implementation of the Sloan Extension for Galactic Exploration and Understanding (SEGUE) Stellar Parameter Pipeline (SSPP). The SSPP is derived, using multiple techniques, radial velocities, and the fundamental stellar atmospheric parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity) for AFGK-type stars, based on medium-resolution spectroscopy and ugriz photometry obtained during the course of the original Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-I) and its Galactic extension (SDSS-II/SEGUE). The SSPP also provides spectral classification for a much wider range of stars, including stars with temperatures outside the window where atmospheric parameters can be estimated with the current approaches. This is Paper I in a series of papers on the SSPP; it provides an overview of the SSPP, and tests of its performance using several external data sets. Random and systematic errors are critically examined for the current version of the SSPP, which has been used for the sixth public data release of the SDSS (DR-6). C1 [Lee, Young Sun; Beers, Timothy C.; Sivarani, Thirupathi] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, CSCE, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lee, Young Sun; Beers, Timothy C.; Sivarani, Thirupathi] Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende; Koesterke, Lars] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wilhelm, Ronald] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Fiorentin, Paola Re; Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Norris, John E.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Rockosi, Constance M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Yanny, Brian] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Newberg, Heidi J.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Covey, Kevin R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zhang, Hao-Tong; Luo, A. -Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ China, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. RP Lee, YS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, CSCE, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lee@pa.msu.edu; beers@pa.msu.edu; thirupathi@pa.msu.edu; callende@astro.as.utexas.edu; ron.wilhelm@ttu.edu; fiorent@mpia-hd.mpg.de; calj@mpia-hd.mpg.de; jen@mso.anu.edu.au; crockosi@ucolick.org; yanny@fnal.gov; newbeh@rpi.edu; kcovey@cfa.harvard.edu; zht@lamost.org; lal@lamost.org OI Re Fiorentin, Paola/0000-0002-4995-0475; Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 FU Physics Frontiers Center/Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics [PHY 02-16783]; U. S. National Science Foundation; NASA [NAG5-13057, NAG5-13147]; Australian Research Council [DP0663562]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [BA2163]; Marie Curie Research Training Network European Leadership in Space Astrometry [MRTN-CT-2006-033481]; Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST) FX S.L., T.C.B., and T. S. acknowledge partial funding of this work from grant PHY 02-16783: Physics Frontiers Center/Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, awarded by the U. S. National Science Foundation. NASA grants (NAG5-13057, NAG5-13147) to C. A. are gratefully acknowledged. J.E.N. acknowledges support from Australian Research Council Grant DP0663562. C.B.J. and P. R. F. acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grant BA2163. Support through the Marie Curie Research Training Network European Leadership in Space Astrometry under contract MRTN-CT-2006-033481 to P. R. F. is also acknowledged. H.Z. and A. L. L. acknowledge partial support from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST). NR 62 TC 263 Z9 264 U1 2 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 136 IS 5 BP 2022 EP 2049 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/5/2022 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 361MT UT WOS:000260132500025 ER PT J AU Strader, J Kobulnicky, HA AF Strader, Jay Kobulnicky, Henry A. TI A PROBABLE NEW GLOBULAR CLUSTER IN THE GALACTIC DISK SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: star clusters; globular clusters: general ID MILKY-WAY; GIANT BRANCH; H-I; GALAXY; GLIMPSE; MODELS; DISCOVERY; PLANE; 2MASS AB We report the discovery of a probable new globular cluster (GC) in the disk of the Milky Way. Visible in the Two Micron All Sky Survey and the GLIMPSE Survey, it has an estimated foreground extinction of A(V) similar to 24 mag. The absolute magnitude of the cluster and the luminosity function of the red giant branch are most consistent with that of an old GC with a mass of a few x 10(5) M-circle dot at a distance of 4-8 kpc. C1 [Strader, Jay] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kobulnicky, Henry A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Strader, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jstrader@cfa.harvard.edu; chipk@uwyo.edu OI Strader, Jay/0000-0002-1468-9668 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 136 IS 5 BP 2102 EP 2106 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/5/2102 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 361MT UT WOS:000260132500029 ER PT J AU Torres, G Vaz, LPR Lacy, CHS AF Torres, Guillermo Vaz, Luiz Paulo R. Lacy, Claud H. Sandberg TI ABSOLUTE PROPERTIES OF THE SPOTTED ECLIPSING BINARY STAR CV BOOTIS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; stars: evolution; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: individual (CV Boo); stars: spots ID M-CIRCLE-DOT; SOLAR DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; LOW-MASS STARS; LINED SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; STELLAR EVOLUTION MODELS; LOWER MAIN-SEQUENCE; TYPES LATE-F; LIGHT CURVES; SYNCHRONIZATION TIMES; RADIAL-VELOCITIES AB We present new V-band differential brightness measurements as well as new radial-velocity measurements of the detached, circular, 0.84 day period, double-lined eclipsing binary system, CV Boo. These data, along with other observations from the literature, are combined to derive improved absolute dimensions of the stars for the purpose of testing various aspects of theoretical modeling. Despite complications from intrinsic variability that we detect in the system, and despite the rapid rotation of the components, we are able to determine the absolute masses and radii to better than 1.3% and 2%, respectively. We obtain M-A = 1.032 +/- 0.013 M-circle dot and R-A = 1.262 +/- 0.023 R-circle dot for the hotter, larger, and more-massive primary (star A), and M-B = 0.968 +/- 0.012 M-circle dot and R-B = 1.173 +/- 0.023 R-circle dot for the secondary. The estimated effective temperatures are 5760 +/- 150 K and 5670 +/- 150 K, respectively. The intrinsic variability with a period similar to 1% shorter than the orbital period is interpreted as being due to modulation by spots on one or both components. This implies that the spotted star(s) must be rotating faster than the synchronous rate, which disagrees with predictions from current tidal evolution models according to which both stars should be synchronized. We also find that the radius of the secondary is larger than expected from stellar evolution calculations by similar to 10%, a discrepancy also seen in other (mostly lower-mass and active) eclipsing binaries. We estimate the age of the system to be approximately 9 Gyr. Both components are near the end of their main-sequence phase, and the primary may have started the shell hydrogen-burning stage. C1 [Torres, Guillermo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vaz, Luiz Paulo R.] ICEx UFMG, Dept Fis, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Lacy, Claud H. Sandberg] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Torres, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu; lpv@fisica.ufmg.br; clacy@uark.edu FU NSF [AST0708229]; NASA; NSF FX The spectroscopic observations of CV Boo used in this paper were obtained with the generous help of P. Berlind, M. Calkins, R. J. Davis, E. Horine, D. W. Latham, J. Peters, and R. P. Stefanik. We also thank R. J. Davis for maintaining the CfA echelle database. We are grateful to J. M. Kreiner, as well, for providing unpublished times of eclipse for CV Boo, to A. Claret for calculating specific models for the stars studied here, and to the referee for helpful comments. G. T. acknowledges partial support for this work from NSF grant AST0708229. L. P. R. V. gratefully acknowledges partial support from the Brazilian agencies CNPq, FAPEMIG, and CAPES. C. H. S. L. thanks summer 2004 Arkansas REU student S. L. Walters for her preliminary analysis of the absolute properties of this binary star (Walters & Lacy 2004). This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Abstract Service, and of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by NASA and the NSF. NR 95 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 136 IS 5 BP 2158 EP 2171 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/136/5/2158 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 361MT UT WOS:000260132500034 ER PT J AU Slavin, JD Frisch, PC AF Slavin, J. D. Frisch, P. C. TI The boundary conditions of the heliosphere: photoionization models constrained by interstellar and in situ data SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE ISM: clouds; ISM: abundances; ultraviolet: ISM; X-rays: diffuse background; solar system: general; ISM: cosmic rays ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION-FIELD; LINE-OF-SIGHT; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ANOMALOUS COSMIC-RAYS; INTER-STELLAR MEDIUM; LYMAN-ALPHA; SOLAR-WIND; CHARGE-TRANSFER; LOCAL CLOUD; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES AB Context. The boundary conditions of the heliosphere are set by the ionization, density, and composition of inflowing interstellar matter. Aims. Our aim is to constrain the properties of the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC) at the heliosphere, which requires radiative transfer ionization models. Methods. We modeled the background interstellar radiation field using observed stellar FUV and EUV emission and the diffuse soft X-ray background. We also modeled the emission from the boundary between the LIC and the hot Local Bubble plasma, assuming that the cloud is evaporating because of thermal conduction. We created a grid of models covering a plausible range of LIC and Local Bubble properties, and used the modeled radiation field as input to radiative transfer/thermal equilibrium calculations using the Cloudy code. Data from in situ observations of He(0), pickup ions and anomalous cosmic rays in the heliosphere, as well as from absorption line measurements towards is an element of CMa were used to constrain the input parameters. Results. A restricted range of assumed LIC Hi column densities and Local Bubble plasma temperatures produced models that match all the observational constraints. The relative weakness of the constraints on N(H I) and T(h) contrast with the narrow limits predicted for the H(0) and electron density in the LIC at the Sun, n(H(0)) = 0.19-0.20 cm(-3) and n(e) = 0.07 +/- 0.01 cm(-3). Derived abundances are mostly typical of low-density gas, with sub-solar Mg, Si, and Fe, possibly subsolar O and N, and S about solar; however, C is supersolar. Conclusions. The interstellar gas at the Sun is warm, low-density, and partially ionized, with n(H) approximate to 0.23-0.27 cm(-3) , T approximate to 6300 K, X(H(+)) similar to 0.2, and X(He(+)) similar to 0.4. These results appear to be robust since acceptable models are found for substantially different input radiation fields. Our results favor low values for the reference solar abundances for the LIC composition. C1 [Slavin, J. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Frisch, P. C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Slavin, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 83, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jslavin@cfa.harvard.edu; frisch@oddjob.uchicago.edu OI Slavin, Jonathan/0000-0002-7597-6935 FU NASA Solar and Heliospheric Program [NNG05GD36G, NNG06GE33G]; NASA [NNG05EC85C] FX We would like to thank George Gloeckler for sharing data with us prior to publication, and Alan Cummings for pointing out that the ACR isotopic data indicate that the LIC abundances are solar. We also thank the International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland for hosting the working group on "Interstellar Hydrogen in the Heliosphere." This research was supported by NASA Solar and Heliospheric Program grants NNG05GD36G and NNG06GE33G to the University of Chicago, and by the NASA grant NNG05EC85C to SWRI. NR 114 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 491 IS 1 BP 53 EP 68 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078101 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367NW UT WOS:000260559700006 ER PT J AU Panic, O Hogerheijde, MR Wilner, D Qi, C AF Panic, O. Hogerheijde, M. R. Wilner, D. Qi, C. TI Gas and dust mass in the disc around the Herbig Ae star HD 169142 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; techniques: interferometric; planetary systems: protoplanetary disks; stars: individual: HD 169142; stars: pre-main sequence; submillimeter ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; KEPLERIAN DISK; YOUNG STARS; CO EMISSION; DM-TAU AB Context. Spatially resolved observations of circumstellar discs at millimetre wavelengths allow detailed comparisons with theoretical models for the radial and vertical distribution of the material. Aims. We investigate the physical structure of the gas component of the disc around the pre-main-sequence star HD 169142 and test the disc model derived from the spectral energy distribution. Methods. The (13)CO and C(18)O J = 2-1 line emission was observed from the disc with 1."4 resolution using the Submillimeter Array. We adopted the disc physical structure derived from a model that fits the spectral energy distribution of HD 169142. We obtained the full three-dimensional information on the CO emission with the aid of a molecular excitation and radiative transfer code. This information was used for the analysis of our observations and previous (12)CO J = 2-1 and 1.3 mm continuum data. Results. The spatially resolved (13)CO and C(18)O emission shows a Keplerian velocity pattern. The disc is seen at an inclination close to 13 degrees from face-on. We conclude that the regions traced by different CO isotopologues are distinct in terms of their vertical location within the disc, their temperature, and their column densities. With the given disc structure, we find that freeze-out is not efficient enough to remove a significant amount of CO from the gas phase. Both observed lines match the model prediction both in flux and in the spatial structure of the emission. Therefore we use our data to derive the (13)CO and C(18)O mass and consequently the (12)CO mass with standard isotopic ratios. We constrain the total disc gas mass to (0.6-3.0) x 10(-2) M(circle dot). Adopting a maximum dust opacity of 2 cm(2) g(dust)(-1) we derive a minimum dust mass of 2.16 x 10(-4) M(circle dot) from the fit to the 1.3 mm data. Comparison of the derived gas and dust mass shows that the gas-to-dust mass ratio of 100 is only possible under the assumption of a dust opacity of 2 cm(2) g(-1) and (12)CO abundance of 10(-4) with respect to H(2). However, our data are also compatible with a gas-to-dust ratio of 25, with a dust opacity of 1 cm(2) g(-1) and (12)CO abundance of 2 x 10(-4). C1 [Panic, O.; Hogerheijde, M. R.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Wilner, D.; Qi, C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Panic, O (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM olja@strw.leidenuniv.nl FU Marie Curie FP6 programme of the European Union; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research FX The research of O.P. is supported through Marie Curie FP6 programme of the European Union. The research of O.P. and M. R. H. is supported through a VIDI grant from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. We would like to thank E. F. van Dishoeck for useful discussions. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 491 IS 1 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079261 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367NW UT WOS:000260559700017 ER PT J AU Bartkiewicz, A Brunthaler, A Szymczak, M van Langevelde, HJ Reid, MJ AF Bartkiewicz, A. Brunthaler, A. Szymczak, M. van Langevelde, H. J. Reid, M. J. TI The nature of the methanol maser ring G23.657-00.127 I. The distance through trigonometric parallax measurements SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: formation; ISM: molecules; instrumentation: high angular resolution; astrometry; masers ID VLBA CALIBRATOR SURVEY; STAR; LINE; KINEMATICS; REGIONS; W3(OH) AB Context. Methanol masers are associated with young high-mass stars and are an important tool for investigating the process of massive star formation. Aims. The recently discovered methanol maser ring in G23.657-00.127 provides an excellent "laboratory" for a detailed study of the nature and physical origin of methanol maser emission, as well as parallax and proper motion measurements. Methods. Multi-epoch observations of the 12.2 GHz methanol maser line from the ring were conducted using the Very Long Baseline Array. Interferometric observations with milliarcsecond resolution enabled us to track single maser spots in great detail over a period of 2 years. Results. We have determined the trigonometric parallax of G23.657-00.127 to be 0.313 +/- 0.039 mas, giving a distance of 3.19(-0.35)(+0.46) kpc. The proper motion of the source indicates that it is moving with the same circular velocity as the LSR, but it shows a large peculiar motion of approximate to 35 km s(-1) toward the Galactic center. C1 [Bartkiewicz, A.; Szymczak, M.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Torun Ctr Astron, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Brunthaler, A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [van Langevelde, H. J.] Joint Inst VLBI Europe, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [van Langevelde, H. J.] Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Reid, M. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bartkiewicz, A (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Torun Ctr Astron, Gagarina 11, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. EM annan@astro.uni.torun.pl; brunthal@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; msz@astro.uni.torun.pl; langevelde@jive.nl; reid@cfa.harvard.edu RI Bartkiewicz, Anna/D-6212-2014; Szymczak, Marian/D-6773-2014; OI van Langevelde, Huib Jan/0000-0002-0230-5946 FU Polish MNiI [1P03D02729]; DFG Priority Programme 1177 FX A. Bartkiewicz and M. Szymczak acknowledge support from the Polish MNiI grant 1P03D02729. A. Brunthaler was supported by the DFG Priority Programme 1177. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 490 IS 2 BP 787 EP 792 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200810470 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 367DE UT WOS:000260531900034 ER PT J AU Genzel, R Burkert, A Bouche, N Cresci, G Schreiber, NMF Shapley, A Shapiro, K Tacconi, LJ Buschkamp, P Cimatti, A Daddi, E Davies, R Eisenhauer, F Erb, DK Genel, S Gerhard, O Hicks, E Lutz, D Naab, T Ott, T Rabien, S Renzini, A Steidel, CC Sternberg, A Lilly, SJ AF Genzel, R. Burkert, A. Bouche, N. Cresci, G. Schreiber, N. M. Foerster Shapley, A. Shapiro, K. Tacconi, L. J. Buschkamp, P. Cimatti, A. Daddi, E. Davies, R. Eisenhauer, F. Erb, D. K. Genel, S. Gerhard, O. Hicks, E. Lutz, D. Naab, T. Ott, T. Rabien, S. Renzini, A. Steidel, C. C. Sternberg, A. Lilly, S. J. TI FROM RINGS TO BULGES: EVIDENCE FOR RAPID SECULAR GALAXY EVOLUTION AT z similar to 2 FROM INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY IN THE SINS SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: high-redshift; infrared: galaxies ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; ULTRA DEEP FIELD; COLD DARK-MATTER; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; DISK GALAXIES; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; MAJOR MERGERS; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION AB We present H alpha integral field spectroscopy of well-resolved, UV/optically selected z similar to 2 star-forming galaxies as part of the SINS survey with SINFONI on the ESO VLT. Our laser guide star adaptive optics and good seeing data show the presence of turbulent rotating star-forming outer rings/disks, plus central bulge/inner disk components, whose mass fractions relative to the total dynamical mass appear to scale with the [N II]/H alpha flux ratio and the star formation age. We propose that the buildup of the central disks and bulges of massive galaxies at z similar to 2 can be driven by the early secular evolution of gas-rich proto-disks. High-redshift disks exhibit large random motions. This turbulence may in part be stirred up by the release of gravitational energy in the rapid "cold" accretion flows along the filaments of the cosmic web. As a result, dynamical friction and viscous processes proceed on a timescale of < 1 Gyr, at least an order of magnitude faster than in z similar to 0 disk galaxies. Early secular evolution thus drives gas and stars into the central regions and can build up exponential disks and massive bulges, even without major mergers. Secular evolution along with increased efficiency of star formation at high surface densities may also help to account for the short timescales of the stellar buildup observed in massive galaxies at z similar to 2. C1 [Genzel, R.; Bouche, N.; Cresci, G.; Schreiber, N. M. Foerster; Tacconi, L. J.; Buschkamp, P.; Davies, R.; Eisenhauer, F.; Genel, S.; Gerhard, O.; Hicks, E.; Lutz, D.; Ott, T.; Rabien, S.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Genzel, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Burkert, A.; Naab, T.] USM, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Shapley, A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Shapiro, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cimatti, A.] Ist Nazl Astrofis Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Daddi, E.] Dapnia CEA, Serv Astrophys, Saclay, France. [Erb, D. K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Renzini, A.] Osserv Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Steidel, C. C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sternberg, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Lilly, S. J.] ETH, Inst Astron, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Genzel, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM genzel@mpe.mpg.de RI Daddi, Emanuele/D-1649-2012; OI Daddi, Emanuele/0000-0002-3331-9590; Cresci, Giovanni/0000-0002-5281-1417 NR 91 TC 373 Z9 374 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 1 BP 59 EP 77 DI 10.1086/591840 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YD UT WOS:000260370800007 ER PT J AU Mould, J Barmby, P Gordon, K Willner, SP Ashby, MLN AF Mould, Jeremy Barmby, Pauline Gordon, Karl Willner, S. P. Ashby, M. L. N. TI A POINT-SOURCE SURVEY OF M31 WITH THE SPITZER SPACE TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (M31); galaxies: stellar content ID MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; GIANT BRANCH POPULATIONS; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; LOCAL GROUP DWARFS; NEARBY GALAXIES; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; RED SUPERGIANTS; STAR-FORMATION AB We explore the stellar population of M31 in a Spitzer Space Telescope survey utilizing IRAC and MIPS observations. Red supergiants are the brightest objects seen in the infrared; they are a prominent evolutionary phase. Due to their circumstellar envelopes, many of these radiate the bulk of their luminosity at IRAC wavelengths and do not stand out in the near-infrared or optically. Going fainter, we see large numbers of luminous asymptotic giant branch stars (AGB), many of which are known long-period variables. Relative to M33 the AGB carbon star population of M31 appears sparse, but this needs to be spectroscopically confirmed. C1 [Mould, Jeremy] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Barmby, Pauline] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Gordon, Karl] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Willner, S. P.; Ashby, M. L. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mould, J (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM jmould@ph.unimelb.edu.au; kgordon@stsci.edu; willner@cfa.harvard.edu; mashby@cfa.harvard.edu RI Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016 OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090 FU NASA; JPL/Caltech FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. This work makes use of 2MASS data products, a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and IPAC/Caltech, funded by NASA and NSF. In addition to DAOPHOT, this research has made use of IRAF, which is distributed by NOAO. NOAO is operated by AURA under a cooperative agreement with NSF. NR 59 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 1 BP 230 EP 241 DI 10.1086/591844 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YD UT WOS:000260370800019 ER PT J AU Myers, PC AF Myers, Philip C. TI PROTOSTAR MASS DUE TO INFALL AND DISPERSAL SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: clouds; ISM: jets and outflows; stars: formation ID MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES; CURRENT STAR-FORMATION; C2D LEGACY CLOUDS; DENSE CORES; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; DARK CLOUDS; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; UNBIASED SUBMILLIMETER; GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE; MIDINFRARED SURVEYS AB The mass of a protostar is calculated from the infall and dispersal of an isothermal sphere in a uniform background. For high contrast between peak and background densities and for short dispersal time t(d), the accretion is "self-limiting''; gas beyond the core is dispersed before it accretes, and the protostar mass approaches a time-independent value of low mass. For lower density contrast and longer dispersal time, the accretion "runs away''; gas accretes from beyond the core, and the protostar mass approaches massive star values. The final protostar mass is approximately the initial gas mass whose free-fall time equals td. This mass matches the peak of the IMF for gas temperature 10 K, peak and background densities 10(6) and 10(3) cm(-3), respectively, and td comparable to the core free-fall time t(core). The accretion luminosity exceeds 1 L-circle dot for 0.1 Myr, as in the "Class 0'' phase. For t(d)/t(core) 0: 4 0: 8 and temperature 7-50 K, self-limiting protostar masses are 0.08-5 M-circle dot. These protostar and core masses have ratio 0: 4 +/- 0: 2, as expected if the core mass distribution and the initial mass function have the same shape. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Myers, PC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pmyers@cfa.harvard.edu NR 99 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 1 BP 340 EP 353 DI 10.1086/591664 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YD UT WOS:000260370800027 ER PT J AU Bary, JS Matt, SP Skrutskie, MF Wilson, JC Peterson, DE Nelson, MJ AF Bary, Jeffrey S. Matt, Sean P. Skrutskie, Michael F. Wilson, John C. Peterson, Dawn E. Nelson, Matthew J. TI PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF ACCRETING GAS IN T TAURI STAR SYSTEMS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; stars: pre-main-sequence ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; RECOMBINATION-LINE-INTENSITIES; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION; GASEOUS NEBULAE; HYDROGENIC IONS; LEVEL POPULATIONS; DISK ACCRETION; EMISSION; EVOLUTION AB We present results from a low-resolution (R similar or equal to 300) near-infrared spectroscopic variability survey of actively accreting T Tauri stars (TTSs) in the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region. Paschen and Brackett series H I recombination lines were detected in 73 spectra of 15 classical T Tauri systems. The values of the Pan(up)/Pa beta, Brn(up)/Br gamma, and Br gamma/Pan(up) H I line ratios for all observations exhibit a scatter of less than or similar to 20% about the weighted mean, not only from source to source, but also for epoch-to-epoch variations in the same source. A representative or "global'' value was determined for each ratio in both the Paschen and Brackett series, as well as the Br gamma/Panup line ratios. A comparison of observed line ratio values was made to those predicted by the temperature-and electron density-dependent models of case B hydrogen recombination line theory. The measured line ratios are statistically well fit by a tightly constrained range of temperatures (T less than or similar to 2000 K) and electron densities (10(9) cm(-3) < n(e) less than or similar to 10(10) cm(-3)). A comparison of the observed line ratio values to the values predicted by the optically thick and thin local thermodynamic equilibrium cases rules out these conditions for the emitting H I gas. Therefore, the emission is consistent with having an origin in a non-LTE recombining gas. While the range of electron densities is consistent with the gas densities predicted by existing magnetospheric accretion models, the temperature range constrained by the case B comparison is considerably lower than that expected for accreting gas. The cooler gas temperatures will require a nonthermal excitation process (e. g., coronal/accretion-related X-rays and UV photons) to power the observed line emission. C1 [Bary, Jeffrey S.; Matt, Sean P.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Wilson, John C.; Nelson, Matthew J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Peterson, Dawn E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bary, JS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, POB 400325, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM jsb3r@virginia.edu; spm5x@virginia.edu; mfs4n@virginia.edu; jcw6z@virginia.edu; dpeterson@cfa.harvard.edu; mjn4n@virginia.edu OI Matt, Sean/0000-0001-9590-2274 NR 52 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 1 BP 376 EP 388 DI 10.1086/591487 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YD UT WOS:000260370800029 ER PT J AU Stutz, AM Rubin, M Werner, MW Rieke, GH Bieging, JH Keene, J Kang, MJ Shirley, YL Su, KYL Velusamy, T Wilner, DJ AF Stutz, Amelia M. Rubin, Mark Werner, Michael W. Rieke, George H. Bieging, John H. Keene, Jocelyn Kang, Miju Shirley, Yancy L. Su, K. Y. L. Velusamy, Thangasamy Wilner, David J. TI SPITZER AND HHT OBSERVATIONS OF BOK GLOBULE B335: ISOLATED STAR FORMATION EFFICIENCY AND CLOUD STRUCTURE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared: ISM; ISM: globules; ISM: individual (Barnard 335); stars: formation ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; FAR-INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; INTERSTELLAR DUST GRAINS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; LOW-MASS STARS; PROTOSTELLAR COLLAPSE; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS AB We present infrared and millimeter observations of Barnard 335, the prototypical isolated Bok globule with an embedded protostar. Using Spitzer data we measure the source luminosity accurately; we also constrain the density profile of the innermost globule material near the protostar using the observation of an 8.0 mu m shadow. Heinrich Hertz Telescope (HHT) observations of (12)CO 2-1 confirm the detection of a flattened molecular core with diameter similar to 10,000 AU and the same orientation as the circumstellar disk (similar to 100 to 200 AU in diameter). This structure is probably the same as that generating the 8.0 mu m shadow and is expected from theoretical simulations of collapsing embedded protostars. We estimate the mass of the protostar to be only similar to 5% of the mass of the parent globule. C1 [Stutz, Amelia M.; Rieke, George H.; Bieging, John H.; Kang, Miju; Shirley, Yancy L.; Su, K. Y. L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stutz, Amelia M.; Rieke, George H.; Bieging, John H.; Kang, Miju; Shirley, Yancy L.; Su, K. Y. L.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rubin, Mark; Werner, Michael W.; Velusamy, Thangasamy] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Keene, Jocelyn] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kang, Miju] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Kang, Miju] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Wilner, David J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Stutz, AM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM astutz@as.arizona.edu FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Caltech/JPL to the University of Arizona [1255094]; National Science Foundation [AST-0708131]; University of Arizona [KRF-2007-612-C00050] FX We thank Kevin M. Flaherty, Fabian Heitsch, and Craig Kulesa for helpful comments. We thank Thomas Robitaille for his help with model fitting. The authors also thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments that improved the text. A. M. S. thanks the c2d team members for insightful comments. Portions of this work were carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was supported by contract 1255094 issued by Caltech/JPL to the University of Arizona. This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant AST-0708131 to the University of Arizona. M. K. was supported by the KRF-2007-612-C00050 grant. NR 73 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 1 BP 389 EP 405 DI 10.1086/591789 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YD UT WOS:000260370800030 ER PT J AU Prsa, A Guinan, EF Devinney, EJ DeGeorge, M Bradstreet, DH Giammarco, JM Alcock, CR Engle, SG AF Prsa, A. Guinan, E. F. Devinney, E. J. DeGeorge, M. Bradstreet, D. H. Giammarco, J. M. Alcock, C. R. Engle, S. G. TI ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPROACH TO THE DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ECLIPSING BINARIES. I. THE EBAI PROJECT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; methods: numerical; binaries: eclipsing; stars: fundamental parameters ID SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; FULLY AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; LIGHT CURVES; PHOTOMETRIC SOLUTIONS; DISTANCE INDICATORS; STARS; SELECTION; CIRCULARIZATION AB Achieving maximum scientific results from the overwhelming volume of astronomical data to be acquired over the next few decades demands novel, fully automatic methods of data analysis. Here we concentrate on eclipsing binary (EB) stars, a prime source of astrophysical information, of which only some hundreds have been rigorously analyzed, but whose numbers will reach millions in a decade. We describe the artificial neural network ( ANN) approach which is able to surmount the human bottleneck and permit EB-based scientific yield to keep pace with future data rates. The ANN, following training on a sample of 33,235 model light curves, outputs a set of approximate model parameters [T-2/T-1,(R-1 + R-2)/a,e sin omega, e cos omega, and sin i] for each input light curve data set. The obtained parameters can then be readily passed to sophisticated modeling engines. We also describe a novel method polyfit for preprocessing observational light curves before inputting their data to the ANN and present the results and analysis of testing the approach on synthetic data and on real data including 50 binaries from the Catalog and Atlas of Eclipsing Binaries ( CALEB) database and 2580 light curves from OGLE survey data. The success rate, defined by less than a 10% error in the network output parameter values, is approximately 90% for the OGLE sample and close to 100% for the CALEB sample-sufficient for a reliable statistical analysis. The code is made available to the public. Our approach is applicable to EB light curves of all classes; this first paper in the eclipsing binaries via artificial intelligence (EBAI) series focuses on detached EBs, which is the class most challenging for this approach. C1 [Prsa, A.; Guinan, E. F.; Devinney, E. J.; DeGeorge, M.; Engle, S. G.] Villanova Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Prsa, A.] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Giammarco, J. M.] Eastern Univ, Dept Phys Sci, St Davids, PA 19087 USA. [Alcock, C. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Prsa, A (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. NR 35 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 1 BP 542 EP 565 DI 10.1086/591783 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YD UT WOS:000260370800042 ER PT J AU Testa, P Huenemoerder, DP Schulz, NS Ishibashi, K AF Testa, Paola Huenemoerder, David P. Schulz, Norbert S. Ishibashi, Kazunori TI X-RAY EMISSION FROM YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS IN THE epsilon CHAMAELEONTIS GROUP: THE HERBIG Ae STAR HD 104237 AND ASSOCIATED LOW-MASS STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: individual (HD 104237); stars: late-type; X-rays: stars ID T-TAURI STAR; ORION ULTRADEEP PROJECT; AE/BE STARS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MAIN-SEQUENCE; XMM-NEWTON; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; AB AURIGAE; ACCRETION; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present Chandra HETGS observations of the Herbig Ae star HD 104237 and the associated young stars comprising lower mass stars, in the 0.15-1.75 M-circle dot mass range, in their pre-main-sequence phase. The brightest X-ray source in the association is the central system harboring the Herbig Ae primary and a K3 companion. Its X-ray variability indicates modulation possibly on timescales of the rotation period of the Herbig Ae star, and this would imply that the primary significantly contributes to the overall emission. The spectrum of the Herbig Ae+K3 system shows a soft component significantly more pronounced than in other K-type young stars. This soft emission is reminiscent of the unusually soft spectra observed for the single Herbig Ae stars HD 163296 and AB Aur, and therefore we tentatively attribute it to the Herbig Ae of the binary system. The HETGS spectrum shows strong emission lines corresponding to a wide range of plasma temperatures. The He-like triplet of Mg XI and Ne IX suggests the presence of plasma at densities of about 10(12) cm(-3), possibly indicating an accretion-related X-ray production mechanism. The analysis of the zeroth-order spectra of the other sources indicates X-ray emission characteristics typical of pre-main-sequence stars of similar spectral type, with the exception of the T Tauri HD 104237-D, whose extremely soft emission is very similar to the emission of the classical T Tauri star TW Hya and suggests X-ray production by shocked accreting plasma. C1 [Testa, Paola; Huenemoerder, David P.; Schulz, Norbert S.; Ishibashi, Kazunori] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ishibashi, Kazunori] NW Res Associates Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Testa, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Mail Stop 58,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ptesta@cfa.harvard.edu FU Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) [SV3-73016]; MIT; National Aeronautics and Space Association [NAS8-03060] FX This research was supported by Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) contract SV3-73016 to MIT for support of the Chandra X-Ray Center, which is operated by SAO for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Association (NASA) under contract NAS8-03060. This research was based on Chandra Cycle 7 Guaranteed Time Observation program selected by Claude Canizares, whom we thank for providing the opportunity to analyze these data, and for useful discussions and comments on this manuscript. NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 1 BP 579 EP 597 DI 10.1086/591485 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364YD UT WOS:000260370800044 ER PT J AU Koenig, XP Allen, LE Kenyon, SJ Su, KYL Balog, Z AF Koenig, X. P. Allen, L. E. Kenyon, S. J. Su, K. Y. L. Balog, Z. TI DUSTY COMETARY GLOBULES IN W5 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; stars: pre-main-sequence; stars: winds, outflows ID ORION-NEBULA; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SMALL PARTICLES; SPITZER; PHOTOEVAPORATION; EVOLUTION; STARS; CONSTRAINTS AB We report the discovery of four dusty cometary tails around low-mass stars in two young clusters belonging to the W5 star-forming region. Fits to the observed emission profiles from 24 mu m observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope give tail lifetimes < 30 Myr, but more likely less than or similar to 5 Myr. This result suggests that the cometary phase is a short lived phenomenon, occurring after photoevaporation by a nearby O star has removed gas from the outer disk of a young low-mass star. C1 [Koenig, X. P.; Allen, L. E.; Kenyon, S. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Su, K. Y. L.; Balog, Z.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Koenig, XP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for a helpful analysis of the manuscript. This work is based (in part) on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 1 BP L37 EP L40 DI 10.1086/593058 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398KU UT WOS:000262731800010 ER PT J AU Modjaz, M Kirshner, RP Blondin, S Challis, P Matheson, T AF Modjaz, M. Kirshner, R. P. Blondin, S. Challis, P. Matheson, T. TI DOUBLE-PEAKED OXYGEN LINES ARE NOT RARE IN NEBULAR SPECTRA OF CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: bursts; supernovae: general ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; NEUTRON-STAR; IB/C SUPERNOVAE; LATE EMISSION; EXPLOSIONS; TELESCOPE; SPECTROGRAPH; 1993J; SIMULATIONS AB Double-peaked oxygen lines in the nebular spectra of two peculiar Type Ib/c supernovae (SNe Ib/c) have been interpreted as off-axis views of a GRB jet or unipolar blob ejections. Here we present late-time spectra of eight SNe IIb, Ib, and Ic and show that this phenomenon is common and should not be so firmly linked to extraordinary explosion physics. The line profiles are most likely caused by ejecta expanding with a torus- or disk-like geometry. Double-peaked oxygen profiles are not necessarily the indicator of a misdirected GRB jet. C1 [Modjaz, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Modjaz, M.; Kirshner, R. P.; Blondin, S.; Challis, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Matheson, T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Modjaz, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmodjaz@astro.berkeley.edu; kirshner@cfa.harvard.edu; sblondin@cfa.harvard.edu; pchallis@cfa.harvard.edu; matheson@noao.edu FU National Science Foundation [AST 06-06772]; Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics NSF [PHY 99-07949]; Miller Institute for Basic Research FX M. M. would like to especially thank R. Fesen for very helpful suggestions and for reading a draft of this manuscript, and in addition C. Fransson, R. Narayan, D. Sasselov, B. Leibundgut, and J. Spyromilio for insightful discussions. We thank and FLWO 1.5 m observers for obtaining service spectroscopy, and the referee, Alex Conley, for constructive comments. M. M. acknowledges support from the Miller Institute for Basic Research during the time in which part of this work was completed. Observations reported here were obtained at the MMT Observatory, a joint facility of the Smithsonian Institution and the University of Arizona, at the 6.5 meter Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile, at the F. L. Whipple Observatory, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership. Supernova research at Harvard University has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation grant AST 06-06772, and R. P. K. in part by the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics NSF grant PHY 99-07949. NR 40 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 1 BP L9 EP L12 DI 10.1086/593135 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398KU UT WOS:000262731800003 ER PT J AU Shafee, R McKinney, JC Narayan, R Tchekhovskoy, A Gammie, CF McClintock, JE AF Shafee, Rebecca McKinney, Jonathan C. Narayan, Ramesh Tchekhovskoy, Alexander Gammie, Charles F. McClintock, Jeffrey E. TI THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS OF MAGNETIZED THIN ACCRETION DISKS AROUND BLACK HOLES: STRESS IN THE PLUNGING REGION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries: close; black hole physics; X-rays: stars ID GENERAL-RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; NUMERICAL SCHEME; SPIN; EVOLUTION; FLOWS AB We describe three-dimensional general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a geometrically thin accretion disk around a nonspinning black hole. The disk has a thickness h/r similar to 0.05-0.1 over the radial range (2-20)GM/c(2).In steady state, the specific angular momentum profile of the inflowing magnetized gas deviates by less than 2% from that of the standard thin disk model of Novikov and Thorne. Also, the magnetic torque at the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) is only similar to 2% of the inward flux of angular momentum at this radius. Both results indicate that magnetic coupling across the ISCO is relatively unimportant for geometrically thin disks. C1 [Shafee, Rebecca] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McKinney, Jonathan C.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Narayan, Ramesh; Tchekhovskoy, Alexander; McClintock, Jeffrey E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gammie, Charles F.] Univ Illinois, Ctr Theoret Astrophy, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Shafee, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. FU NASA [NNH07ZDA001N]; NSF [AST 08-05832]; NASA's Chandra Postdoctoral Fellowship [PF7-80048] FX We thank Niayesh Afshordi for stimulating discussions and useful suggestions. The simulations described in this paper were run on the BlueGene/L system at the Harvard SEAS CyberInfrastructures Lab. This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNH07ZDA001N and NSF grant AST 08-05832. J. C. M. was supported by NASA's Chandra Postdoctoral Fellowship PF7-80048. NR 24 TC 92 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 687 IS 1 BP L25 EP L28 DI 10.1086/593148 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398KU UT WOS:000262731800007 ER PT J AU Brassington, NJ Fabbiano, G Kim, DW Zezas, A Zepf, S Kundu, A Angelini, L Davies, RL Gallagher, J Kalogera, V Fragos, T King, AR Pellegrini, S Trinchieri, G AF Brassington, N. J. Fabbiano, G. Kim, D. -W. Zezas, A. Zepf, S. Kundu, A. Angelini, L. Davies, R. L. Gallagher, J. Kalogera, V. Fragos, T. King, A. R. Pellegrini, S. Trinchieri, G. TI DEEP CHANDRA MONITORING OBSERVATIONS OF NGC 3379: CATALOG OF SOURCE PROPERTIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (NGC 3379); X-rays: binaries; X-rays: galaxies ID X-RAY BINARIES; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER SYSTEMS; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; MULTIWAVELENGTH PROJECT; POINT-SOURCE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; SOURCE POPULATION; NEARBY GALAXIES AB We present the properties of the discrete X-ray sources detected in our monitoring program of the 'typical' elliptical galaxy, NGC 3379, observed with Chandra ACIS-S in five separate pointings, resulting in a co-added exposure of 324 ks. From this deep observation, 132 sources have been detected within the region overlapped by all observations, 98 of which lie within the D(25) ellipse of the galaxy. These 132 sources range in L(X) from 6 x 10(35) erg s(-1) (with 3 sigma upper limit <= 4 x 10(36) erg s(-1)) to similar to 2 x 10(39) erg s(-1), including one source with L(X) > 1 x 10(39) erg s(-1), which has been classified as a ULX. From optical data, 10 X-ray sources have been determined to be coincident with a globular cluster, these sources tend to have high X-ray luminosity, with three of these sources exhibiting L(X) > 1; 1038 erg s(-1). From X-ray source photometry, it has been determined that the majority of the 132 sources that have well constrained colors, have values that are consistent with typical LMXB spectra. In addition to this, a subpopulation of 10 sources has been found to exhibit very hard spectra and it is expected that most of these sources are absorbed background AGN. There are 64 sources in this population that exhibit long-term variability, indicating that they are accreting compact objects. Five of these sources have been identified as transient candidates, with a further 3 possible transients. Spectral variations have also been identified in the majority of the source population, where a diverse range of variability has been identified, indicating that there are many different source classes located within this galaxy. C1 [Brassington, N. J.; Fabbiano, G.; Kim, D. -W.; Zezas, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zepf, S.; Kundu, A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Angelini, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Davies, R. L.] Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Gallagher, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kalogera, V.; Fragos, T.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [King, A. R.] Univ Leicester, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Pellegrini, S.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Trinchieri, G.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-20121 Milan, Italy. RP Brassington, NJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nbrassington@head.cfa.harvard.edu RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011 OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X NR 48 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 179 IS 1 BP 142 EP 165 DI 10.1086/591527 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 400IV UT WOS:000262862200008 ER PT J AU Dunham, MM Crapsi, A Evans, NJ Bourke, TL Huard, TL Myers, PC Kauffmann, J AF Dunham, Michael M. Crapsi, Antonio Evans, Neal J., II Bourke, Tyler L. Huard, Tracy L. Myers, Philip C. Kauffmann, Jens TI IDENTIFYING THE LOW-LUMINOSITY POPULATION OF EMBEDDED PROTOSTARS IN THE c2d OBSERVATIONS OF CLOUDS AND CORES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE stars: formation; stars: low-mass, brown dwarfs ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MASS STAR-FORMATION; DUST CONTINUUM EMISSION; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; NEARBY DENSE CORES; 2-DIMENSIONAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; OPHIUCHI MOLECULAR CLOUD; CLASS-I PROTOSTARS; T-TAURI STARS AB We present the results of a search for all embedded protostars with internal luminosities <= 1.0 L-circle dot in the full sample of nearby, low-mass star-forming regions surveyed by the Spitzer Space Telescope Legacy Project "From Molecular Cores to Planet Forming Disks'' (c2d). The internal luminosity of a source, L-int, is the luminosity of the central source and excludes luminosity arising from external heating. On average, the Spitzer c2d data are sensitive to embedded protostars with L-int >= 4 x 10(-3)(d/140 pc)(2) L-circle dot, a factor of 25 better than the sensitivity of the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) to such objects. We present a set of selection criteria used to identify candidates from the Spitzer data and examine complementary data to decide whether each candidate is truly an embedded protostar. We find a tight correlation between the 70 mu m flux and internal luminosity of a protostar, an empirical result based on both observations and detailed two-dimensional radiative transfer models of protostars. We identify 50 embedded protostars with L-int <= 1: 0 L-circle dot; 15 have L-int <= 0: 1 L-circle dot. The intrinsic distribution of source luminosities increases to lower luminosities. While we find sources down to the above sensitivity limit, indicating that the distribution may extend to luminosities lower than probed by these observations, we are able to rule out a continued rise in the distribution below L-int = 0.1 L-circle dot. Between 75% and 85% of cores classified as starless prior to being observed by Spitzer remain starless to our luminosity sensitivity; the remaining 15%-25% harbor low-luminosity, embedded protostars. We compile complete spectral energy distributions for all 50 objects and calculate standard evolutionary signatures (L-bol, T-bol, and L-bol/L-smm) and argue that these objects are inconsistent with the simplest picture of star formation, wherein mass accretes from the core onto the protostar at a constant rate. C1 [Dunham, Michael M.; Evans, Neal J., II] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Crapsi, Antonio] Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Bourke, Tyler L.; Huard, Tracy L.; Myers, Philip C.; Kauffmann, Jens] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Crapsi, Antonio] Observ Astron Nacl IGN, E-28014 Madrid, Spain. [Kauffmann, Jens] Initiat Innovat Comp Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dunham, MM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, 1 Univ Stn,C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM mdunham@astro.as.utexas.edu NR 102 TC 134 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 179 IS 1 BP 249 EP 282 DI 10.1086/591085 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 400IV UT WOS:000262862200013 ER PT J AU Martin, RV AF Martin, Randall V. TI Satellite remote sensing of surface air quality SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Remote sensing; Air quality; Satellite; Pollution; Emissions ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; OZONE MONITORING EXPERIMENT; TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MODIS; MATTER COMPONENT CONCENTRATIONS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PARTICULATE MATTER; NOX EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION AB Satellite remote sensing of air quality has evolved dramatically over the last decade. Global observations are now available for a wide range of species including aerosols, tropospheric 03, tropospheric NO2, CO, HCHO, and SO2. Capabilities for satellite remote sensing of these species in the boundary layer are reviewed for current instruments, along with physical processes affecting their accuracy and precision. Applications of satellite observations are discussed for case studies of specific events, for estimates of surface concentrations, and to improve emission inventories of trace gases and aerosols. Aerosol remote sensing at visible wavelengths exhibits high sensitivity to boundary layer concentrations. Although atmospheric scattering and surface emission of thermal radiation generally reduce instrument sensitivity to trace gases near the surface, a strong boundary layer signal in NO2 arises from its large boundary layer concentrations relative to the free troposphere. Recommendations are presented including (1) additional dedicated validation activities, especially for tropospheric NO2 and HCHO; (2) improved characterization of geophysical fields that affect remote sensing of trace gases and aerosols; (3) continued development of comprehensive assimilation and inversion capabilities to relate satellite observations to emissions and surface concentrations; (4) development of satellite instruments and algorithms to achieve higher spatial resolution to resolve urban scales, facilitate validation, and reduce cloud contamination that increases remote sensing error; and (5) support for the next generate of satellite instrumentation designed for air quality applications. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, Randall V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Martin, Randall V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Martin, RV (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM randall.martin@dal.ca RI Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014 OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Kevin Bowman, James Drummond, Ralph Kahn, Daven Henze, Daniel Jacob, Gray O'Byrne, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that improved this manuscript. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 247 TC 162 Z9 174 U1 16 U2 94 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 42 IS 34 BP 7823 EP 7843 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.018 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 372ZO UT WOS:000260941000001 ER PT J AU DeLuca, WV Studds, CE King, RS Marra, PP AF DeLuca, William V. Studds, Colin E. King, Ryan S. Marra, Peter P. TI Coastal urbanization and the integrity of estuarine waterbird communities: Threshold responses and the importance of scale SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; Biological indicator; Changepoint; Land cover; Watershed ID LAND-USE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NEW-ENGLAND; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; BIRD COMMUNITIES; INDICATORS; USA; DIVERSITY; EUTROPHICATION AB Estuarine ecosystems are becoming increasingly altered by the concentration of human populations near the coastline, however a robust indicator of this change is lacking. We developed an index of waterbird community integrity (IWCI) and tested its sensitivity to anthropogenic activities within 28 watersheds and associated subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay, USA. The IWCI was used as a tool to gain insight into how human land use affects estuarine ecosystem integrity. Based on Akaike's information criteria (AIC), a single variable model including percent developed land in estuarine watersheds was thirteen (2002) and twenty-six (2003) times more likely than models including percent agriculture and forest cover to fit the IWCI data. Consequently, we examined how suburban, urban, and total development shaped IWCI scores at three spatial scales: (1) watershed; (2) inverse-distance-weighted (IDW) watershed (land cover near the coastline weighted proportionally greater than that farther away); (3) local (land cover within 500 m of the coastline). Suburban, urban, and total development were all significant predictors of IWCI scores. Relationships were stronger at the IDW and local scales than at the whole watershed scale. Nonparametric changepoint analysis revealed a >80% probability of a threshold in IWCI scores when as little as 3.7% (2002) and 3.5% (2003) of the IDW land cover within the watershed was urban. Our results indicate that, of the landscape stressors we examined, development near estuarine coastlines is the primary stressor to estuarine waterbird community integrity; and that estuarine ecosystem integrity may be impaired by even extremely low levels of coastal urbanization. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [DeLuca, William V.; Studds, Colin E.; Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [King, Ryan S.] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP DeLuca, WV (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM wdeluca@nrc.umass.edu; studdsc@si.edu; Ryan_S_King@baylor.edu; marrap@si.edu RI Studds, Colin/C-3701-2012 NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 141 IS 11 BP 2669 EP 2678 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.023 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372YW UT WOS:000260939200001 ER PT J AU LaDeau, SL Marra, PP Kilpatrick, AM Calder, CA AF LaDeau, Shannon L. Marra, Peter P. Kilpatrick, A. Marm Calder, Catherine A. TI West Nile Virus Revisited: Consequences for North American Ecology SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; disease ecology; birds; mosquitoes; hierarchical analyses ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; HOST FEEDING PATTERNS; CULEX-PIPIENS DIPTERA; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; BIRDS; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS; INFECTION; DISEASE AB It has been nine years since West Nile virus (WNV) emerged in New York, and its initial impacts on avian hosts and humans are evident across North America. The direct effects of WNV on avian hosts include documented population declines, but other, indirect ecological consequences of these changed bird communities, such its changes in seed dispersal, insect abundances, and scavenging services, are probable and demand attention. Furthermore, climate (seasonal precipitation and temperature) and land use are likely to influence the intensity and frequency of disease outbreaks, and research is needed to improve mechanistic understanding of these interacting forces. This article reviews the growing body of research describing the ecology of WNV and highlights critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed if we hope to manage disease risk, implement conservation strategies, and make forecasts in the presence of both climate change and WNV-or the next emergent pathogen. C1 [Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Kilpatrick, A. Marm] Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY USA. [Kilpatrick, A. Marm] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Calder, Catherine A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ladeaus@ecostudies.org OI LaDeau, Shannon/0000-0003-4825-5435; Calder, Catherine/0000-0002-4459-1418 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [NO1-AI-25490]; NSF [EF-0622391] FX We are grateful for the dedication and hard work of all participants in the North American Breeding Bird Survey (www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs) and the National Audubon Society Christmas Bird Counts (www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/cbc/cbcnew.html) over the past several decades. S. L. L. is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Program in bioinformatics. A. M. K. is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases contract NO1-AI-25490, and A. M. K. and P. P. M. are funded by NSF grant EF-0622391. NR 65 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 2008 VL 58 IS 10 BP 937 EP 946 DI 10.1641/B581007 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 368ML UT WOS:000260625100007 ER PT J AU Davidar, P Rajagopal, B Arjunan, M Puyravaud, JP AF Davidar, Priya Rajagopal, B. Arjunan, M. Puyravaud, Jean Philippe TI The Relationship between Local Abundance and Distribution of Rain Forest Trees across Environmental Gradients in India SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE climatic gradients; commonness and rarity; environmental tolerance; restricted range species; tropical rain forest; Western Ghats ID TROPICAL EVERGREEN FOREST; WESTERN-GHATS; RANGE SIZE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; DOMINANCE; DROUGHT; BIODIVERSITY; SCALE; DIVERSITY AB We tested whether local abundance of rain forest trees in the medium elevation wet forests of the southern Western Ghats (WG) was related to environmental tolerance, life form, and geographical range. We selected trees in medium elevation wet forests (750-1700 m asl) of the southern WG, using two data bases: a small plot (30 x 30 m) data base of 288 species of trees (>= 3 cm dbh) in 33 plots totaling 2.97 ha, and a data base of 135 species of tree (>= 10 cm dbh) in larger plots of 1 ha each, totaling 4.84 ha. The species density per hectare and number of records in the plot network was used in a factor analysis to give a measure of the local abundance of each species. The altitude and seasonality ranges of these species in the WG was assessed from independent data bases and used to generate an environmental tolerance score. Results indicated that as a species became locally more abundant, it occurred across a wider range of environmental gradients, but regional distribution was not related to geographical distribution. Understory species tended to be rarer with smaller range sizes and lower environmental tolerances than overstory species. Climate change is predicted to have drastic effects on restricted range species with limited environmental tolerances. C1 [Davidar, Priya] Pondicherry Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Pondicherry 605014, India. [Davidar, Priya] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Rajagopal, B.] Malankara Cathol Coll, Dept Biotechnol, Kaliakkavilai, Tamil Nadu, India. [Arjunan, M.] Dr Pauls Engn Coll, Dept Chem, Vanoor, Tamil Nadu, India. [Puyravaud, Jean Philippe] ECOS, Pondicherry 605001, India. RP Davidar, P (reprint author), Pondicherry Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Pondicherry 605014, India. EM pdavidar@gmail.com OI Davidar, Priya/0000-0003-2463-6743 FU Government of India; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama FX This study was funded by a DOS/DBT grant from the Government of India, and a Senior Fellowship of the Smithsonian Institution to PD. We greatly appreciate the support given by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, which greatly facilitated data analyses. The Tamil Nadu Forest Department provided research permits and logistical support. S. Aravajy and M. Ramalingam for plant identifications. N. Pitman, K. Harms, E. G. Leigh Jr., and anonymous reviewers provided pertinent suggestions that helped improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2008 VL 40 IS 6 BP 700 EP 706 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00437.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 361MV UT WOS:000260132700007 ER PT J AU Richards, LA Coley, PD AF Richards, Lora A. Coley, Phyllis D. TI Combined Effects of Host Plant Quality and Predation on a Tropical Lepidopteran: A Comparison between Treefall Gaps and the Understory in Panama SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE bioassays; herbivory rates; Hybathus prunifolius; Pamana; predation rates; Zunacetha annulata ID COMPARATIVE FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; TROPHIC CASCADES; FOOD-CHAIN; SHADE; LIGHT; HERBIVORY; HETEROGENEITY; ENVIRONMENTS AB In tropical forests, light-gaps created from treefalls are a frequent source of habitat heterogeneity. The increase in productivity, through gap formation, can alter food quality, predation and their impact on insect herbivores. We hypothesized that in gaps, herbivores would be less resource-limited and more predator limited, whereas in the understory, we predicted the reverse. In this study, we investigate the combined effects of food quality and predation on the lepidopteran larva Zunacetha annulata feeding on its host plant Hybanthus prunifolius in two habitats; sunny treefall gaps and the shaded understory in Panama. In bioassays, Z. annulata feeding on sun leaves ate 22 percent less leaf area, grew 25 percent faster, and had higher pupal weights than larvae feeding on shade leaves. However, shade leaves had higher nitrogen content and specific leaf area. In gaps, predation was 26.4 percent compared to 13.8 percent in the understory. Larvae on understory plants traveled greater distances and spent more time searching and traveling than larvae on gap plants. These differences in behavior are consistent with lower predation risk and lower quality food in the understory. Using data from bioassays and field experiments we calculated 0.22 percent and 1.02 percent survival to adulthood for larvae in gaps and the understory, respectively. In conclusion, although these habitats were in close proximity, we found that larvae in the understory are more resource-limited and larvae in gaps are more predator limited. C1 [Richards, Lora A.; Coley, Phyllis D.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Coley, Phyllis D.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Richards, LA (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. EM lrichards@bio.mq.edu.au FU STRI; Sigma Xi; NSF [DEB 0234936] FX We thank E. Leigh and T. Kursar for insightful conversations throughout the study, and H. Muntz for valuable assistance in the field and lab. We gratefully acknowledge funding from STRI and Sigma Xi (to LAR) and NSF grant DEB 0234936 (to PDC). NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2008 VL 40 IS 6 BP 736 EP 741 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00438.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 361MV UT WOS:000260132700012 ER PT J AU Madden, D Ballestero, J Calvo, C Carlson, R Christians, E Madden, E AF Madden, Derek Ballestero, Jorge Calvo, Carlos Carlson, Robert Christians, Elaine Madden, Erinn TI Sea Turtle Nesting as a Process Influencing a Sandy Beach Ecosystem SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE beach ecology; ecosystem engineer; olive ridley turtle; Playa Ostional; turtle eggs ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; CARETTA-CARETTA; BURYING BEETLE; COSTA-RICA; ENGINEER; REPTILES; ECOLOGY; BIOLOGY; TURKEY; EGGS AB Sea turtle egg mortality, egg predation, and small organisms associated with turtle nests were studied at Playa Ostional, Costa Rica. Sites with concentrated sea turtle nesting were compared with solitary nesting sites as a function of place and time based on ANOVA, Akaike's Information Criterion, and Bayesian analyses. Results indicate that sea turtle egg mortality was significantly associated (P < 0.005) with flowing water that erodes or saturates nesting sites, and with overlapped nesting in which sea turtles disturb each other's nests. Sarcophagid and calliphorid fly larvae (Bayesian prior = 1.19; posterior = 2.27), fungi (prior = 1.14; posterior = 1.92), mites (prior = 0.51; posterior = 1.15), and several other types of small organisms increased in number after turtle egg laying (N = 303 nests; 34,451 turtle eggs). During peak sea turtle nesting periods, visitation to nesting sites by poachers and vertebrate predators was high, and relative number of nests disturbed by these predators was low (P < 0.02). In multimodel analysis, the three most parsimonious models were: (1) turtle egg mortality and distance from mean high tide; (2) turtle egg predation and distance from mean high tide; and (3) turtle egg mortality and nesting density, with Akaike weights of 0.224, 0.203, and 0.153 respectively. Intensive sea turtle nesting might result in upwelling and turnover of nesting debris and nest organisms, and may influence biotic community structure of sandy beach ecosystems. C1 [Madden, Derek; Ballestero, Jorge; Calvo, Carlos; Carlson, Robert; Christians, Elaine; Madden, Erinn] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Madden, Derek] CSU, Sch Sci & Math, Fresno, CA USA. RP Madden, D (reprint author), MJC Biol Dept, 435 Coll Ave, Modesto, CA 95350 USA. EM maddend@mjc.edu FU Ostional community; School for Field Studies; University of Costa Rica, MJC; Smithsonian Institute FX We received support from the Ostional community, School for Field Studies, University of Costa Rica, MJC, and the Smithsonian Institute. We are grateful for the fieldwork of B. McMillan, J. Dean, D. Wood, A. Dergy, M. Lemieux, C. Moon, and M. April. Manuscript support came from K. Moran, C. Snyder, M. B. Gish, J. Faris, D. Jones, J. Ghazoul, C. Bradshaw, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2008 VL 40 IS 6 BP 758 EP 765 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00435.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 361MV UT WOS:000260132700015 ER PT J AU Robertson, DR AF Robertson, D. Ross TI Global biogeographical data bases on marine fishes: caveat emptor SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Marine fishes; global data bases; erroneous GIS data; faulty biogeographical analyses AB A review of georeferenced collection-site records for Caribbean shore-fishes served by major online distributors of aggregated biodiversity data found large-scale errors in over a third of the species and genera, in nearly two-thirds of the families. To avoid compromising the value of their services to the global science community online providers must actively address the question of data quality. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Robertson, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. EM drr@stri.org NR 6 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 891 EP 892 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00519.x PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 361GX UT WOS:000260116700002 ER PT J AU Munshi-South, J Tchignoumba, L Brown, J Abbondanza, N Maldonado, JE Henderson, A Alonso, A AF Munshi-South, Jason Tchignoumba, Landry Brown, Janine Abbondanza, Nicole Maldonado, Jesus E. Henderson, Ann Alonso, Alfonso TI Physiological indicators of stress in African forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) in relation to petroleum operations in Gabon, Central Africa SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Conservation physiology; disturbance ecology; faecal DNA; faecal glucocorticoid metabolites; Gamba Complex of Protected Areas; oil fields ID COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY; PRESERVATION METHODS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; DNA; CONSERVATION; MAMMALS; POPULATIONS; MAXIMUS; ROADS AB Aim Human activities are major determinants of forest elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) distribution in Gabon, but the types and intensity of disturbance that elephants can tolerate are not known. We conducted dung surveys within the Gamba Complex of Protected Areas in SW Gabon to examine (1) the feasibility of noninvasive faecal analyses for monitoring stress physiology, and (2) the influence of petroleum operations on stress levels in forest elephants. Location Gabon, Central Africa. Methods We identified multiple dung piles from the same individual by matching their eight-locus microsatellite genotypes, and measured faecal concentrations of glucocorticoid metabolites as an indicator of stress in areas subject to different levels of disturbance: (1) Loango National Park (2) an 'industrial corridor' dominated by oil fields, and (3) a nearby area of human settlements. Results We obtained unique microsatellite genotypes and faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations for 150 forest elephant individuals, which is the largest hormonal data set for wild African forest elephants to date. Adults exhibited higher mean FGM concentrations than juveniles, and in contradiction of our expectations of chronic stress around oil fields, elephants in Loango National Park exhibited significantly higher FGM concentrations than elephants in the industrial corridor. Main conclusions We argue that forest elephants in the industrial corridor of the Gamba Complex have become acclimated to oil fields, resulting in part from oil company regulations that minimize stressful interactions between elephants and petroleum operations. Our findings for a flagship species with substantial ecological requirements bode well for other taxa, but additional studies are needed to determine whether oil operations are compatible over their life span with rain forest ecosystems in Central Africa. C1 [Munshi-South, Jason; Henderson, Ann; Alonso, Alfonso] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Monitoring & Assessment Biodivers Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Tchignoumba, Landry] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Monitoring & Assessment Biodivers Program, Gamba, Gabon. [Brown, Janine; Abbondanza, Nicole] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Munshi-South, J (reprint author), CUNY, Dept Nat Sci, Baruch Coll, 17 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM jason_munshi-south@baruch.cuny.edu RI Munshi-South, Jason/A-3385-2009; OI Munshi-South, Jason/0000-0002-8067-4341 FU Smithsonian Institution and Shell Gabon; Gabon Biodiversity Program [107] FX We thank R. Buij, B. Croes, T. Elie, A. Honorez, J-E. Mackayah, T. Pacheco, and O. S. G. Pauwels for organizational and administrative support. E. Archie, L. Eggert, and M. Haynie provided invaluable laboratory advice, and R. Slotow and an anonymous reviewer provided many helpful suggestions to improve the manuscript. Permission from CENAREST Gabon to work in Loango National Park, and financial and in-kind support from the Smithsonian Institution and Shell Gabon, is gratefully acknowledged. This paper is contribution #107 of the Gabon Biodiversity Program. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 995 EP 1003 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00509.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 361GX UT WOS:000260116700013 ER PT J AU Campos-Arceiz, A Lin, TZ Htun, W Takatsuki, S Leimgruber, P AF Campos-Arceiz, Ahimsa Lin, Thin Zar Htun, Wan Takatsuki, Seiki Leimgruber, Peter TI Working with mahouts to explore the diet of work elephants in Myanmar (Burma) SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE captive elephants; Elephas maximus; diet; frugivory; Myanmar ID AFRICANA-CYCLOTIS MATSCHIE; SEED-DISPERSAL; FOREST ELEPHANT; BALANITES-WILSONIANA; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; ASIAN ELEPHANTS; SOUTHERN INDIA; NATIONAL-PARK; IVORY-COAST; RESERVE AB At an elephant camp in central Myanmar (Burma), we interviewed mahouts and veterinarians to describe the diet of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in a mixed-deciduous forest. Elephants showed a broad dietary breadth (103 plant species from 42 families); consumed mostly browse (94% of plant species); and were very selective about plant parts [e.g., many trees were eaten exclusively for their bark (22%) or fruits (14%)]. The fruits from 29 plant species were recorded to be eaten by elephants. Several of these were found as fruit remains, seeds, or seedlings in elephant dung, suggesting a role of Asian elephants in seed dispersal. Work elephants and their mahouts prove to be a rich source of information to understand wild elephant ecology. C1 [Campos-Arceiz, Ahimsa] Univ Tokyo, Lab Biodivers Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. [Lin, Thin Zar] Yangon Univ, Dept Bot, Yangon, Myanmar. [Htun, Wan] MTE, E Bago Div, Taung Ngu, Myanmar. [Takatsuki, Seiki] Azabu Univ, Lab Wildlife & Conservat, Kanagawa 2298501, Japan. [Leimgruber, Peter] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Campos-Arceiz, A (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Lab Biodivers Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Yayoi 1-1-1, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. EM ahimsa@camposarceiz.com RI Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 FU Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science [200611492-2437]; Smithsonian Institution's National Zoological Park FX This study was funded by the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science through a predoctoral DC1 fellowship to ACA (#200611492-2437) and conducted with the collaboration of the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoological Park. We greatly appreciate the assistance of Thandar Kyi, U Myint Aung, U Ye Htut, U Zaw Htoo Aung, U Uga, Ko Ko Latt, and Melissa Songer as we organized and conducted the. eldwork. We thank U. R. Weerasinghe, S. Prasad, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this manuscript; C. A. Christen for English correction and editing; and H. Higuchi, L. Santamaria, and A. R. Larrinaga for their contributions in the wider project. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1057 EP 1064 DI 10.1007/s11284-008-0466-4 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 343UZ UT WOS:000258882100015 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Cronin, TM AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Cronin, Thomas M. TI CLIMATIC INFLUENCES ON DEEP-SEA OSTRACODE (CRUSTACEA) DIVERSITY FOR THE LAST THREE MILLION YEARS SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deep sea; macroecology; metazoan benthos; Ostracoda; paleoceanography; paleoclimate; Pliocene; productivity; Quaternary; species diversity; temperature ID OCEAN PRIMARY PRODUCTION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; ARCTIC-OCEAN; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; WATER TEMPERATURE; QUATERNARY PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; BIODIVERSITY RESPONSE; LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AB Ostracodes are small, bivalved crustaceans with the finest-scale fossil resolution of any metazoan, rivaled only by the fossil record of the protistan Foraminifera. This article presents a synthesis of the patterns and possible causes of alpha species diversity variation in benthic deep-sea ostracodes at drilling sites in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. Taken together, these sites represent a period of great climatic variability covering the past three million years. Sediment cores taken from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge show a positive correlation between warm temperatures and high species diversity. These Mid-Atlantic Ridge cores, at the same latitude as northern Spain, show the same positive correlation during the last two glacial-interglacial cycles (200-0 ka [thousands of years ago]) as they do during the pre-glacial Pliocene 2.85-2.4 Ma (millions of years ago). This positive correlation is also found in Pliocene cores from the Rockall Plateau, at the same latitude as Ireland. During the last 200 thousand years, however, this correlation is reversed in cores taken from both the Rockall and Iceland Plateaus. The discovery of high diversity during colder periods in recent high-latitude Rockall and Iceland cores seems to be explained by spikes in diversity caused by ice-rafting events, which would not affect the lower-latitude Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The Heinrich ice-rafting events reduce North Atlantic surface temperatures and salinity every similar to 6-12 ka, dramatically decreasing surface productivity. This increase in diversity during Heinrich events may be explained either by a negative correlation between surface productivity and benthic diversity or by increase in diversity caused by moderate disturbance when ice rafted debris fall to the bottom of the ocean. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008 OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863 FU JSPS (the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad; Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship FX We thank Cliff Cunningham for inviting T. M. Cronin to participate in CORONA (Coordinating Research on the North Atlantic), which is a multidisciplinary research network to study the marine biota of the North Atlantic, and inviting us to write this paper, which benefited from stimulating discussions with many CORONA project members for enhancing our understanding of North Atlantic biogeography. We are grateful to Hisayo Okahashi for assistance in preparing the manuscript. Harry J. Dowsett, Debra A. Willard, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on the manuscript. Support for M. Yasuhara was provided by JSPS (the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad and Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 96 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2008 VL 89 IS 11 SI SI BP S53 EP S65 DI 10.1890/07-1021.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 369UI UT WOS:000260719000005 PM 19097484 ER PT J AU McCoy, KA Bortnick, LJ Campbell, CM Hamlin, HJ Guillette, LJ St Mary, CM AF McCoy, Krista A. Bortnick, Lauriel J. Campbell, Chelsey M. Hamlin, Heather J. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. St. Mary, Colette M. TI Agriculture Alters Gonadal Form and Function in the Toad Bufo marinus SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE amphibians; endocrine disruption; intersex; pesticides; secondary sexual traits ID XENOPUS-LAEVIS; DISRUPTING CONTAMINANTS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; SEX-DIFFERENTIATION; HYPEROLIUS-ARGUS; RANA-PIPIENS; FROGS; STEROIDOGENESIS; PESTICIDES; MORPHOLOGY AB BACKGROUND: Many agricultural contaminants disrupt endocrine systems of wildlife. However, evidence of endocrine disruption in wild amphibians living in agricultural areas has been controversial. Typically, studies on the effects of pollutants on wildlife attempt to compare polluted with, P unpolluted sites. OBJECTIVES: We took a novel approach to address this question by explicitly quantifying the relationship between gonadal abnormalities and habitats characterized by differing degrees of agricultural activity. METHODS: We quantified the occurrence of gonadal abnormalities and measures of gonadal function in at least 20 giant toads (Bufo marinus) from each of five sites that occur along a gradient of increasing agricultural land use from 0 to 97%. RESULTS: The number of abnormalities and frequency of intersex gonads increased with agriculture in a dose-dependent fashion. These gonadal abnormalities were associated with altered gonadal function. Testosterone, but not 17 beta-estradiol, concentrations were altered and secondary, sexual traits were either feminized (increased skin mottling) or demasculinized (reduced forearm width and nuptial pad number) in intersex toads. Based on the end points we examined, female morphology and physiology did not differ across sites. However, males front agricultural areas had hormone concentrations and secondary sexual traits that were intermediate between intersex toads and non-agricultural male toads. Skin coloration at the most agricultural site was not sexually, dimorphic; males had female coloration. CONCLUSIONS: Steroid hormone concentrations and secondary sexual traits correlate with reproductive activity and success, so affected toads likely have reduced reproductive success. These reproductive abnormalities could certainly contribute to amphibian population declines occurring in areas exposed to agricultural contaminants. C1 [McCoy, Krista A.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.; St. Mary, Colette M.] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL USA. [McCoy, Krista A.; Bortnick, Lauriel J.; Campbell, Chelsey M.; Hamlin, Heather J.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.; St. Mary, Colette M.] Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP McCoy, KA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM kristam@bu.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R21 ES014053]; Rewald, Olowo, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, and Sigma Xi grants in aid of research; University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Women's Club FX This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R21 ES014053) to L.J.G. and the Rewald, Olowo, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, and Sigma Xi grants in aid of research and the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Women's Club Fellowship to K.A.M. NR 51 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 19 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 116 IS 11 BP 1526 EP 1532 DI 10.1289/ehp.11536 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 366ZG UT WOS:000260521500027 PM 19057706 ER PT J AU Dick, CW Heuertz, M AF Dick, Christopher W. Heuertz, Myriam TI THE COMPLEX BIOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF A WIDESPREAD TROPICAL TREE SPECIES SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian clustering; F-ST; population structure; phylogeography; Symphonia globulifera; tropical rainforests ID RAIN-FOREST TREE; SYMPHONIA-GLOBULIFERA CLUSIACEAE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; NEOTROPICAL TREE; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; POLLINATION BIOLOGY; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; POLLEN DISPERSAL; FRENCH-GUIANA AB Many tropical forest tree species have broad geographic ranges, and fossil records indicate that population disjunctions in some species were established millions of years ago. Here we relate biogeographic history to patterns of population differentiation, mutational and demographic processes in the widespread rainforest tree Symphonia globulifera using ribosomal (ITS) and chloroplast DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) loci. Fossil records document sweepstakes dispersal origins of Neotropical S. globulifera populations from Africa during the Miocene. Despite historical long-distance gene flow, nSSR differentiation across 13 populations from Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador (east and west of Andes) and French Guiana was pronounced (F-ST = 0.14, R-ST = 0.39, P < 0.001) and allele-size mutations contributed significantly (R-ST > F-ST) to the divergences between cis- and trans-Andean populations. Both DNA sequence and nSSR data reflect contrasting demographic histories in lower Mesoamerica and Amazonia. Amazon populations show weak phylogeographic structure and deviation from drift-mutation equilibrium indicating recent population expansion. In Mesoamerica, genetic drift was strong and contributed to marked differentiation among populations. The genetic structure of S. globulifera contains fingerprints of drift-dispersal processes and phylogeographic footprints of geological uplifts and sweepstakes dispersal. C1 [Dick, Christopher W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dick, Christopher W.] Univ Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Dick, Christopher W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa Ancon, Panama. [Heuertz, Myriam] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Fac Sci Behav & Evolutionary Ecol, Brussels, Belgium. [Heuertz, Myriam] CIFOR INIA, Unit Forest Genet, Madrid 28040, Spain. RP Dick, CW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, 830 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cwdick@umich.edu RI Dick, Christopher/A-8744-2008; Heuertz, Myriam/A-7831-2011 OI Heuertz, Myriam/0000-0002-6322-3645 FU National Fund for Scientific Research of Belgium (FRS-FNRS) FX This project was initiated while CD was a Tupper postdoctoral fellow at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI). CD would like to acknowledge the formative collaboration of Eldredge Bermingham at STRI. We thank the Center for Tropical Forest Sciences (CTFS) for providing access to the BCI plot in Panama; CTFS and the Pontifica Catolica Universidad del Ecuador (PUCE) for access to the Yasuni plot; and CIRAD/France for access to the Paracou forest plot. For help in obtaining leaf samples, we are grateful to Saint-Omer Cazal, B. Degen and P. Fine (French Guiana), Inigo de la Cerda (Nicaragua), D. Neill (Ecuador), K. Dexter (Peru), D. Boshier and P. Ryme (Honduras), C. Woodward (Costa Rica), D. Hardesty, Salomon Aguilar and Hugo Mogollon (Panama); Catalina Perdomo, Denise Hardesty, C. Vergara and S. Pereira for assistance in the laboratory. CD acknowledges a collaborative European Union grant (SeedSource) and National Science Foundation award DEB 0640379. MH is currently a postdoctoral researcher of the National Fund for Scientific Research of Belgium (FRS-FNRS) and acknowledges an FNRS-funded scientific visit to CIFOR-INIA. NR 86 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD NOV PY 2008 VL 62 IS 11 BP 2760 EP 2774 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00506.x PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 364PR UT WOS:000260348100005 PM 18764917 ER PT J AU Balme, M Berman, DC Bourke, MC Zimbelman, JR AF Balme, Matt Berman, Daniel C. Bourke, Mary C. Zimbelman, James R. TI Transverse Aeolian Ridges (TARs) on Mars SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mars; Ripples; Dunes; Aeolian; Planetary geomorphology ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTH POLAR-REGION; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; ORBITER CAMERA; NEAR-SURFACE; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; SINUS-MERIDIANI; WESTERN-ARABIA; DUNES AB Aeolian processes are probably the dominant ongoing surface process on Mars: Large Dark Dunes (LDDs), particularly common aeolian landforms, were first recognized in the early 1970s. Recent, higher resolution images have revealed another, morphologically distinct, large population of smaller, ripple-like aeolian bedforms that have been termed "Transverse Aeolian Ridges" (TARs) as it is unknown whether they formed as large ripples or small dunes. We have begun a new study of TARs that examines their distribution, orientation, and morphology using >10,000 high-resolution Mars Orbiter Camera (1.5 to 8 m/pixel resolution) images in a 45 degrees longitude wide, pole-to-pole survey. The aim of this study is to assess whether TARs are active, to identify possible sediment sources and pathways, and to determine the volumes of sediment that they comprise. We present results from the first half of this study, in which we examine the northern hemisphere, and describe a new three-part classification scheme used to aid the survey. Our results show that TARs are abundant but not ubiquitous: preferentially forming proximal to friable, layered terrains such as those found in Terra Meridiani - the location of the ongoing Mars Exploration Rover "Opportunity" mission. TAR distribution in the northern hemisphere shows a strong latitudinal dependence with very few TARs being found north of similar to 30 degrees N. We also find that in most cases TARs are less mobile than LDDs, a conclusion possibly explained by Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity observations that show TAR-like ripples to have a core of fine material armored by a monolayer of granule-sized particles. This could disallow significant bedform movement under the current wind regime. That TARs are essentially inactive is confirmed by superposition relations with slope streaks and LDDs and by observations of superposed impact craters. We suggest that observations made by the Opportunity Rover in Terra Meridiani indicate that the small aeolian bedforms common here are ripples and not small dunes. Farther south, these bedforms transition into larger features indistinguishable from TARs, suggesting that TARs (in the Meridiani area at least) are ripples and not dunes. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Balme, Matt; Berman, Daniel C.; Bourke, Mary C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Balme, Matt] Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Zimbelman, James R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Balme, M (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mbalme@psi.edu RI Bourke, Mary/I-4387-2012; OI Bourke, Mary/0000-0002-0424-0322; Balme, Matthew/0000-0001-5871-7475 FU NASA [NNG05GQ74G] FX This work was supported by the NASA Mars Data Analysis Program through grant number NNG05GQ74G. The authors thank Lori Fenton, John Pelletier and two anonymous referees for their constructive reviews of this paper. NR 82 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD NOV 1 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 4 BP 703 EP 720 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.03.011 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 372JE UT WOS:000260897100016 ER PT J AU Powell, TL Gholz, HL Clark, KL Starr, G Cropper, WP Martin, TA AF Powell, Thomas L. Gholz, Henry L. Clark, Kenneth L. Starr, Gregory Cropper, Wendell P., Jr. Martin, Timothy A. TI Carbon exchange of a mature, naturally regenerated pine forest in north Florida SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dynamics; eddy covariance; Florida; natural regeneration; net ecosystem exchange; Pinus elliottii; Pinus palustris ID EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SLASH PINE; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; ELLIOTTII PLANTATIONS; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SOIL RESPIRATION; ENERGY-EXCHANGE; LOBLOLLY-PINE AB We used eddy covariance and biomass measurements to quantify the carbon (C) dynamics of a naturally regenerated longleaf pine/slash pine flatwoods ecosystem in north Florida for 4 years, July 2000 to June 2002 and 2004 to 2005, to quantify how forest type, silvicultural intensity and environment influence stand-level C balance. Precipitation over the study periods ranged from extreme drought (July 2000-June 2002) to above-average precipitation (2004 and 2005). After photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) > 1.5 kPa and air temperature < 10 degrees C were important constraints on daytime half-hourly net CO(2) exchange (NEE(day)) and reduced the magnitude of midday CO(2) exchange by > 5 mu mol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1). Analysis of water use efficiency indicated that stomatal closure at VPD > 1.5 kPa moderated transpiration similarly in both drought and wet years. Night-time exchange (NEE(night)) was an exponential function of air temperature, with rates further modulated by soil moisture. Estimated annual net ecosystem production (NEP) was remarkably consistent among the four measurement years (range: 158-192 g C m(-2) yr(-1)). In comparison, annual ecosystem C assimilation estimates from biomass measurements between 2000 and 2002 ranged from 77 to 136 g C m(-2) yr(-1). Understory fluxes accounted for approximately 25-35% of above-canopy NEE over 24-h periods, and 85% and 27% of whole-ecosystem fluxes during night and midday (11:00-15:00 hours) periods, respectively. Concurrent measurements of a nearby intensively managed slash pine plantation showed that annual NEP was three to four times greater than that of the Austin Cary Memorial Forest, highlighting the importance of silviculture and management in regulating stand-level C budgets. C1 [Powell, Thomas L.; Clark, Kenneth L.; Starr, Gregory; Cropper, Wendell P., Jr.; Martin, Timothy A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Powell, Thomas L.] Kennedy Space Ctr, Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Gholz, Henry L.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Environm Biol, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Clark, Kenneth L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. [Starr, Gregory] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Martin, TA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, POB 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM tamartin@ufl.edu RI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/E-5952-2010; Powell, Thomas/F-9877-2016; OI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/0000-0001-7851-7382; Powell, Thomas/0000-0002-3516-7164; Martin, Timothy/0000-0002-7872-4194 FU Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program; U. S. Department of Energy, through the Southeast Regional Center (SERC); National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC); National Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR); National Science Foundation [0344029]; NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change (LCLUC) Program; U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; University of Florida School of Forest Resources and Conservation FX This research was supported in part by the Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program, U. S. Department of Energy, through the Southeast Regional Center (SERC) of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC) and the National Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR); National Science Foundation award no. 0344029; the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change (LCLUC) Program; the U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; and the University of Florida School of Forest Resources and Conservation. This paper was partially based on work supported by the National Science Foundation while Henry L. Gholz was working at the Foundation. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Foundation. We thank Dr Jennifer Jacobs, Ryan Atwood, Jose Luis Hierro, Jennifer Staiger, Antje Moffat, and Julie Graves for their contributions to this work. We are grateful to the Associate Editor and two anonymous referees for their thoughtful and constructive comments. NR 59 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2523 EP 2538 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01675.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 363ZX UT WOS:000260307100005 ER PT J AU Clark, ME Bailey-Jourdain, C Ferree, PM England, SJ Sullivan, W Windsor, DM Werren, JH AF Clark, M. E. Bailey-Jourdain, C. Ferree, P. M. England, S. J. Sullivan, W. Windsor, D. M. Werren, J. H. TI Wolbachia modification of sperm does not always require residence within developing sperm SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Wolbachia; spermatogenesis; cytoplasmic incompatibility; Nasonia vitripennis; Chelymorpha alternans ID CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; DROSOPHILA-SIMULANS; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; BACTERIA WOLBACHIA; HOST GENOTYPE; WASP NASONIA; MICROORGANISMS; CHROMOSOME; INFECTION AB Wolbachia are maternally inherited intracellular bacteria known to manipulate the reproduction of their arthropod hosts. Wolbachia commonly affect the sperm of infected arthropods. Wolbachia-modified sperm cannot successfully fertilize unless the female is infected with the same Wolbachia type. A study of spermatogenesis in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis reveals that Wolbachia are not required in individual spermatocytes or spermatids to modify sperm. In N. vitripennis, Wolbachia modify nearly all sperm, but are found only in similar to 28% of developing sperm, and are also found in surrounding cyst and sheath cells. In the beetle Chelymorpha alternans, Wolbachia can modify up to 90% of sperm, but were never observed within the developing sperm or within the surrounding cyst cells; they were abundant within the outer testis sheath. We conclude that the residence within a developing sperm is not a prerequisite for Wolbachia-induced sperm modification, suggesting that Wolbachia modification of sperm may occur across multiple tissue membranes or act upstream of spermiogenesis. C1 [Clark, M. E.; England, S. J.; Werren, J. H.] Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Bailey-Jourdain, C.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Ferree, P. M.; Sullivan, W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Sinsheimer Labs 319, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Windsor, D. M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Clark, ME (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Hutchison Hall, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM mclark11@mail.rochester.edu FU National Science Foundation FIBR [EF-0328363] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation FIBR Grant number EF-0328363. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD NOV PY 2008 VL 101 IS 5 BP 420 EP 428 DI 10.1038/hdy.2008.71 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 362WN UT WOS:000260228000006 PM 18648384 ER PT J AU Scott, NJ Rathbun, GB Murphey, TG Harker, MB AF Scott, Norman J. Rathbun, Galen B. Murphey, Thomas G. Harker, Margaret B. TI REPRODUCTION OF PACIFIC POND TURTLES (ACTINEMYS MARMORATA) IN COASTAL STREAMS OF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Actinemys marmorata; California; Emydidae; Pacific Pond Turtles; reproduction; turtles AB We studied the reproduction of Pacific Pond Turtles, Actinemys marmorata, in four coastal creeks in central California. Ovigerous females had carapace lengths (CL) between 140 mm and 164 mm ((X) over bar = 152 mm). Oviposition occurred from late April to mid-July. The number of eggs in 97 clutches varied between three and eight ((X) over bar = 5.7), and 39 females laid 0-2 ((X) over bar = 1.3) clutches/yr. The average size of the first clutch was larger than the second, but the number of clutches laid one year did not affect the number laid the next year. Mean annual egg production per female was 7.2 eggs. The female pond turtles reported here have the largest minimum size at maturity (140 mm) of any population studied to date. The breeding season is similar to that in lowland southern California and about a month earlier than at higher elevations and latitudes. Clutch size is not correlated with CL at the local level, but it is in the overall range. Clutch size may be under tighter genetic control than clutch frequency, and the latter may be the mechanism by which females adjust to varying environmental conditions such as nutrient levels or temperature. C1 [Scott, Norman J.; Rathbun, Galen B.; Murphey, Thomas G.; Harker, Margaret B.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Piedras Blancas Field Stn, San Simeon, CA 93452 USA. RP Scott, NJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, C-O POB 307, Creston, CA 93432 USA. EM amphibscott@gmail.com; grathbun@calacademy.org; tmurphey@fs.fed.us; margyeharker@aol.com FU California Department of Parks and Recreation; California Department of Transportation FX We thank David Germano for several editing and review iterations, and especially for providing the impetus to resurrect the manuscript from limbo. The knowledge of Dan Holland was very helpful, especially at the beginning of our study. Nancy Siepel and Denise Woodard participated in the early stages of radiotracking. Glen Sproule, John Truax, Camille Hirst, and Ennis Olgorsolka graciously X-rayed gravid turtles for us. The California Department of Parks and Recreation partially funded the first years of this study through Woody Elliott. The California Department of Transportation, through Gary Ruggerone and Greg Smith, contributed funds from 1992 to 1999. Elliott and Smith issued permits to work in San Simeon State Park, and John Brode and Betsy Bolster issued our permit from the California Department of Fish and Game (SC-002460). The study benefited from discussions with Holland and Robert Goodman, who also provided unpublished data. The manuscript was improved by comments from Bruce Bury, Jeff Lovich, and anonymous reviewers. Susan Wright efficiently handled the administrative tasks. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD NOV PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15RV UT WOS:000207820000003 ER EF